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The number of American college students studying abroad continues to climb every year. The increasing global market is making it necessary for an increase in foreign relations amongst college students. This study proposes a model of planned behavior to examine how students' attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control play in their decision to study abroad. The total of 448 surveys was collected from a university located in the southeast region of the United States. The study examines indirect and direct effects of each dimension on student's intent to study abroad. The survey results also indicate perceived benefits of and barriers to study abroad. Among the three dimensions of planned behavior, attitude is the pervasive predictor of study abroad participation. Implications and improvement opportunities conclude the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for estimating new direct tourism spending resulting from a new event in an existing destination. Design/methodology/approach – Intercept surveys were conducted on site at six of nine festival locations. Of the 308 festival participants approached at random and asked to participate, 264 agreed to participate (86 percent response rate). Upon further inquiry, only 47 percent of those agreeing to participate were found to be from zip codes outside of the Horry/Georgetown County "Grand Strand" tourist area. These 145 festival participants were administered surveys. Findings – Less than 30 percent of total tourist spending at the festival is attributable to new tourists – those who specifically traveled to the destination primarily for the event and have historically attended Myrtle Beach less than one time per year. Consequently, the economic impact of the festival, in terms of new spending, was relatively small compared to the total amount of tourist spending by all tourists at the festival. Originality/value – The study provides an example of an event for which new tourist spending could have been overestimated if all tourist spending had been considered to be new spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consider groups of partying college students failing to helpfully assist someone in life-threatening distress from alcoholic poisoning. Anecdotal evidence (Davis and DeBarros, 2006) supports the social-norming theory subfield of unresponsive bystander research by Latane and Darley (1970) and others (Cialdini and Goldstein, 2004). This article is a call for structurally transforming the dynamics of the unfolding dramas in natural groups where alcoholic poisoning leading to death occurs. The present article includes the proposal for a quasi-experiment of natural groups (members of fraternities and sororities) in naturally occurring contexts (party situations) using placebo, a standardized training for intervention programs for servers (TIPS) designed for peer intervention, and two versions of advanced TIPS designed to structurally introduce a designated interventionist (DI). The DI and DI training designs are crafted to overcome the unresponsive bystander effect. The proposal includes thought experiments to explain both short- and long-term dependent measures of program impact in such quasi-experiments that include immediate measures of alcohol drinking and intervention knowledge, the medium-term creation and assignment of a group DI position, and the long-term interventionist behavior of groups appointing persons holding DI appointments versus groups not making such appointments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for estimating new direct tourism spending resulting from a new event in an existing destination. Design/methodology/approach – Intercept surveys were conducted on site at six of nine festival locations. Of the 308 festival participants approached at random and asked to participate, 264 agreed to participate (86 percent response rate). On further inquiry, only 47 percent of those agreeing to participate were found to be from zip codes outside of the Horry/Georgetown County "Grand Strand" tourist area. These 145 festival participants were administered surveys. Findings – Less than 30 percent of total tourist spending at the festival is attributable to new tourists – those who specifically travelled to the destination primarily for the event and have historically attended Myrtle Beach less than one time per year. Consequently, the economic impact of the festival, in terms of new spending, was relatively small compared with the total amount of tourist spending by all tourists at the festival. Originality/value – The study provides an example of an event for which new tourist spending could have been overestimated if all tourist spending had been considered to be new spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]