395 results on '"M. Van Gils"'
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2. PP 8.5 – 00080 Fc-engineering of anti-HIV-1 antibodies and nanobodies to improve Fc mediated effector functions
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A. Schriek, S. De Taeye, N. Kootstra, and M. Van Gils
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Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2022
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3. Surveillance of Immunological Status after Vaccination by two Serological Assays based on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
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A. Fresco-Taboada, M. Garcia-Duran, C. Aira, L. López, P. Sastre, L. Van der Hoek, M. Van Gils, P.J.M. Brouwer, R.W. Sanders, B. Holzer, I. Zimpernik, E. López-Collazo, P. Muñoz, P. Rueda, and C. Vela
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Purpose: Two serological assays, an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and a Lateral Flow Assay (LFA), have been developed based on the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant Receptor Binding Domain (RBD-ELISA) and the combination of Trimeric Spike (S) and Nucleoprotein (N), S-LFA and N-LFA, respectively, as candidate tools for both indirect measurement of virus circulation and assessment of infection and vaccine-induced immunity. Methods & Materials: A total of 1272 human serum samples collected from volunteers (SARS-CoV-2 infected, non-infected or vaccinated) were evaluated by the two assays. For the RBD-ELISA, plates were coated with RBD, sera were added at 1/5 dilution and bound antibodies were detected with RBD labelled with Horseradish Peroxidase. For the LFA, two parallel strips were used: one for detection of N-specific antibodies (Hoste A. el al, 2020); and another one for detection of S-specific antibodies, using S both as capture and detector reagent. Twenty microliters of blood or ten microliters of serum were applied to each cassette and results were interpreted after ten minutes.A seroneutralization assay was used as reference for the detection of neutralizing antibodies with RBD-ELISA and Reference sera (World Health Organization), for determination of the Limit of detection (LoD). MedCalc® 10 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The potential diagnostic application with sera from naturally infected and non-infected volunteers showed sensitivity, specificity and agreement (kappa) values of 95.1%, 99.0% and 0.94 respectively for RBD-ELISA; while 97.2%, 99.3% and 0.967 respectively for N-LFA; or 93.2% 98.3 %, 0.923, respectively for S-LFA. Serum samples from vaccinated individuals were analyzed for the specific detection of antibodies to the S protein: for vaccinated but non-infected individuals, sensitivity reached 97.3% after 15 days post-second vaccination dose whereas for previously infected people reached 100% after only 15 days post-first dose. The performance of RBD-ELISA showed good agreement with seroneutralization and excellent agreement with S-LFA (kappa 0.979). Conclusion: The dual N/S LFA represents a valuable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its complementary information on N and S-specific antibody response. Furthermore, the S-LFA and RBD-ELISA are both proven to be able to determine the extent of antibody response after vaccination.
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- 2022
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4. The Abcc6a Knockout Zebrafish Model as a Novel Tool for Drug Screening for Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
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M. Van Gils, A. Willaert, P. J. Coucke, and O. M. Vanakker
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pseudoxanthoma elasticum ,zebrafish ,compound screening ,alendronate ,etidronate ,magnesium citrate ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a multisystem ectopic mineralization disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the ABCC6 gene. Though complications of the disease can be treated, PXE itself remains currently intractable. A strategy for rapid and cost-effective discovery of therapeutic drugs would be to perform chemical compound screening using zebrafish, but this approach remains to be validated for PXE. In this paper, we validate a stable CRISPR/Cas9 abcc6a knockout zebrafish model–which has spinal column hypermineralization as its primary phenotypic feature–as a model system for compound screening in ectopic mineralization. We evaluated the anti-mineralization potential of five compounds, which had (anecdotal) positive effects reported in Abcc6 knockout mice and/or PXE patients. Abcc6a knockout zebrafish larvae were treated from 3 to 10 days post-fertilization with vitamin K1, sodium thiosulfate, etidronate, alendronate or magnesium citrate and compared to matching controls. Following alizarin red S staining, alterations in notochord sheath mineralization were semiquantified and found to largely congrue with the originally reported outcomes. Our results demonstrate that the use of this abcc6a knockout zebrafish model is a validated and promising strategy for drug discovery against ectopic mineralization.
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- 2022
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5. Towards a legal strategy fitting today's challenge of reducing impacts of subsidence in the Netherlands
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M. van Gils, E. Stouthamer, and F. Groothuijse
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Land subsidence in the Netherlands is an ongoing process. An increasing number of people and economic assets are exposed to subsidence and damage costs are soaring. In some areas tipping points have already been reached, where current land-use can no longer be maintained without considerable costs. A specific policy focusing on subsidence is lacking. Dealing with the societal impacts of subsidence is mainly the (implicit) responsibility of the public authorities that regulate the drivers of subsidence. As the societal impacts continue to occur and are increasing, discussions arise on the exact drivers of subsidence and responsibilities for the impacts on society. Our study aims to analyse whether and to what extent public decision-making, which controls land subsidence due to groundwater-table lowering and extraction of hydrocarbons and its societal impacts, is organised effectively to reduce these societal impacts, and how the legal framework can be improved to achieve that. By studying the respective legal frameworks of these drivers, we map legal solutions for mitigation of subsidence itself or adaptation to its societal impacts – both eventually aimed at reducing the societal impacts of subsidence. In this paper, we focus on the legal framework of one of these drivers: groundwater-table lowering.
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- 2020
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6. Use of a digital tool to support the diagnostic process in memory clinics–a usability study
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Aniek M. van Gils, Hanneke F. M. Rhodius-Meester, Dédé Handgraaf, Heleen M. A. Hendriksen, Astrid van Strien, Niki Schoonenboom, Annemieke Schipper, Mariska Kleijer, Annemiek Griffioen, Majon Muller, Antti Tolonen, Jyrki Lötjönen, Wiesje M. van der Flier, and Leonie N. C. Visser
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usability ,implementation ,memory clinic ,digital tools ,clinical decision support ,innovations ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Both memory clinic professionals and patients see value in digital tools, yet these hardly find their way to clinical practice. We explored the usability of a digital tool to support the diagnostic work-up in daily memory clinic practice. We evaluated four modules that integrate multi-modal patient data (1.cognitive test; cCOG, and 2. MRI quantification; cMRI) into useful diagnostic information for clinicians (3. cDSI) and understandable and personalized information for patients (4. patient report). Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study in five Dutch memory clinics. Fourteen clinicians (11 geriatric specialists/residents, two neurologists, one nurse practitioner) were invited to integrate the tool into routine care with 43 new memory clinic patients. We evaluated usability and user experiences through quantitative data from questionnaires (patients, care partners, clinicians), enriched with thematically analyzed qualitative data from interviews (clinicians). Results We observed wide variation in tool use among clinicians. Our core findings were that clinicians: 1) were mainly positive about the patient report, since it contributes to patient-centered and personalized communication. This was endorsed by patients and care partners, who indicated that the patient report was useful and understandable and helped them to better understand their diagnosis, 2) considered the tool acceptable in addition to their own clinical competence, 3) indicated that the usefulness of the tool depended on the patient population and purpose of the diagnostic process, 4) addressed facilitators (ease of use, practice makes perfect) and barriers (high workload, lack of experience, data unavailability). Conclusion This multicenter usability study revealed a willingness to adopt a digital tool to support the diagnostic process in memory clinics. Clinicians, patients, and care partners appreciated the personalized diagnostic report. More attention to education and training of clinicians is needed to utilize the full functionality of the tool and foster implementation in actual daily practice. These findings provide an important step towards a lasting adoption of digital tools in memory clinic practice.
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- 2024
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7. Outcome measures in Angelman syndrome
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Doesjka A. Hagenaar, Karen G. C. B. Bindels-de Heus, Maud M. van Gils, Louise van den Berg, Leontine W. ten Hoopen, Philine Affourtit, Johan J. M. Pel, Koen F. M. Joosten, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Henriëtte A. Moll, Marie-Claire Y. de Wit, Gwen C. Dieleman, and Sabine E. Mous
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Angelman syndrome ,Outcome measures ,Eye-tracking ,Functional near-Infrared Spectroscopy ,Indirect calorimetry ,Bio-impedance analysis ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, little to no expressive speech, visual and motor problems, emotional/behavioral challenges, and a tendency towards hyperphagia and weight gain. The characteristics of AS make it difficult to measure these children’s functioning with standard clinical tests. Feasible outcome measures are needed to measure current functioning and change over time, in clinical practice and clinical trials. Aim Our first aim is to assess the feasibility of several functional tests. We target domains of neurocognitive functioning and physical growth using the following measurement methods: eye-tracking, functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), indirect calorimetry, bio-impedance analysis (BIA), and BOD POD (air-displacement plethysmography). Our second aim is to explore the results of the above measures, in order to better understand the AS phenotype. Methods The study sample consisted of 28 children with AS aged 2–18 years. We defined an outcome measure as feasible when (1) at least 70% of participants successfully finished the measurement and (2) at least 60% of those participants had acceptable data quality. Adaptations to the test procedure and reasons for early termination were noted. Parents rated acceptability and importance and were invited to make recommendations to increase feasibility. The results of the measures were explored. Results Outcome measures obtained with eye-tracking and BOD POD met the definition of feasibility, while fNIRS, indirect calorimetry, and BIA did not. The most important reasons for early termination of measurements were showing signs of protest, inability to sit still and poor/no calibration (eye-tracking specific). Post-calibration was often applied to obtain valid eye-tracking results. Parents rated the BOD POD als most acceptable and fNIRS as least acceptable for their child. All outcome measures were rated to be important. Exploratory results indicated longer reaction times to high salient visual stimuli (eye-tracking) as well as high body fat percentage (BOD POD). Conclusions Eye-tracking and BOD POD are feasible measurement methods for children with AS. Eye-tracking was successfully used to assess visual orienting functions in the current study and (with some practical adaptations) can potentially be used to assess other outcomes as well. BOD POD was successfully used to examine body composition. Trial registration Registered d.d. 23-04-2020 under number ‘NL8550’ in the Dutch Trial Register: https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/23075
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- 2024
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8. Absence of Chlamydia-like organisms in pigs
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M. Van Gils, S. Aeby, D. Vanrompay, and G. Greub
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Chlamydia-related bacteria ,emerging pathogen ,intracellular bacteria ,Parachlamydia ,Waddlia ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Porcine reproductive failure, especially abortion, causes significant economic loss in the pig industry. Waddlia chondrophila and Parachlamydia acanthamoebae are potential abortigenic agents for pigs. Therefore, we investigated the presence of these two Chlamydia-like organisms in abortion-related samples originating from Belgian pig farms. All investigated samples remained negative.
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- 2015
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9. Computerized decision support is an effective approach to select memory clinic patients for amyloid-PET.
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Hanneke F M Rhodius-Meester, Ingrid S van Maurik, Lyduine E Collij, Aniek M van Gils, Juha Koikkalainen, Antti Tolonen, Yolande A L Pijnenburg, Johannes Berkhof, Frederik Barkhof, Elsmarieke van de Giessen, Jyrki Lötjönen, and Wiesje M van der Flier
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundThe use of amyloid-PET in dementia workup is upcoming. At the same time, amyloid-PET is costly and limitedly available. While the appropriate use criteria (AUC) aim for optimal use of amyloid-PET, their limited sensitivity hinders the translation to clinical practice. Therefore, there is a need for tools that guide selection of patients for whom amyloid-PET has the most clinical utility. We aimed to develop a computerized decision support approach to select patients for amyloid-PET.MethodsWe included 286 subjects (135 controls, 108 Alzheimer's disease dementia, 33 frontotemporal lobe dementia, and 10 vascular dementia) from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, with available neuropsychology, APOE, MRI and [18F]florbetaben amyloid-PET. In our computerized decision support approach, using supervised machine learning based on the DSI classifier, we first classified the subjects using only neuropsychology, APOE, and quantified MRI. Then, for subjects with uncertain classification (probability of correct class (PCC) < 0.75) we enriched classification by adding (hypothetical) amyloid positive (AD-like) and negative (normal) PET visual read results and assessed whether the diagnosis became more certain in at least one scenario (PPC≥0.75). If this was the case, the actual visual read result was used in the final classification. We compared the proportion of PET scans and patients diagnosed with sufficient certainty in the computerized approach with three scenarios: 1) without amyloid-PET, 2) amyloid-PET according to the AUC, and 3) amyloid-PET for all patients.ResultsThe computerized approach advised PET in n = 60(21%) patients, leading to a diagnosis with sufficient certainty in n = 188(66%) patients. This approach was more efficient than the other three scenarios: 1) without amyloid-PET, diagnostic classification was obtained in n = 155(54%), 2) applying the AUC resulted in amyloid-PET in n = 113(40%) and diagnostic classification in n = 156(55%), and 3) performing amyloid-PET in all resulted in diagnostic classification in n = 154(54%).ConclusionOur computerized data-driven approach selected 21% of memory clinic patients for amyloid-PET, without compromising diagnostic performance. Our work contributes to a cost-effective implementation and could support clinicians in making a balanced decision in ordering additional amyloid PET during the dementia workup.
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- 2024
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10. Een vragenlijstonderzoek naar de mening van clinici, patiënten en naasten over computertools in de geheugenpolikliniek: zin of onzin?
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Aniek M. van Gils, Leonie N. C. Visser, Heleen M. A. Hendriksen, Majon Muller, Femke H. Bouwman, Wiesje M. van der Flier, and Hanneke F. M. Rhodius-Meester
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computertools ,dementie ,diagnose ,kunstmatige intelligentie ,prognose ,Medicine - Abstract
Samenvatting Achtergrond: Computertools zoals digitale (web-based) cognitieve testen, diagnostische tools en automatisch gegenereerde hulpmiddelen voor het arts-patiëntgesprek voor de geheugenpolikliniek zijn in opkomst. Deze tools kunnen worden ingezet om clinici te ondersteunen bij de diagnostische besluitvorming en het communiceren van de diagnose en prognose. In dit onderzoek brengen we door middel van een vragenlijst de meningen van clinici, patiënten en naasten, de zogenoemde ‘eindgebruikers’, voor het gebruik van computertools in geheugenpoliklinieken in kaart. Daarnaast identificeren we belemmerende en faciliterende factoren voor de daadwerkelijke toepassing. Methode: Tussen juli en oktober 2020 nodigden we Europese clinici (n=109, leeftijd 45±10j; 47% vrouw) uit om deel te nemen aan een online vragenlijst. Een tweede vragenlijst werd verstuurd naar patiënten (n=50, leeftijd 73±8j, 34% vrouw) met subjectieve cognitieve klachten (SCD, n= 21), milde cognitieve achteruitgang (MCI, n=16) en dementie (n=13) en naasten (n=46, 65±12j, 54% vrouw). Resultaten: Driekwart van alle deelnemers was positief over het gebruik van computertools in geheugenpoliklinieken. Faciliterende factoren waren onder andere gebruiksvriendelijkheid en hogere diagnostische nauwkeurigheid. Onder barrières vielen (twijfels aan) betrouwbaarheid en validiteit en verlies van klinische autonomie. De deelnemers vinden dat tools moeten worden gebruikt ter aanvulling op de huidige werkwijze en niet als vervanging. Discussie: Onze resultaten vormen een belangrijke stap in het iteratieve ontwikkelproces van computertools voor geheugenpoliklinieken, dat samen met eindgebruikers doorlopen wordt. Abstract Introduction: Computer tools based on artificial intelligence could aid clinicians in memory clinics by supporting diagnostic decision-making and communicating diagnosis and prognosis. We aimed to identify preferences of end-users, and barriers and facilitators for using computer tools in memory clinics. Methods: Between July and October 2020, we invited European clinicians (n=109, age 45±10y; 47% female) to participate in an online questionnaire. A second questionnaire was sent to patients (n=50, age 73±8y, 34% female) with subjective cognitive complaints (SCD, n=21), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=16) and dementia (n=13) and care partners (n=46, 65±12y, 54% female). Results: The vast majority (75%) of all participants positively valued the use of computer tools in memory clinics. Facilitating factors included user-friendliness and increased diagnostic accuracy. Barriers included (doubts relating) reliability and validity of the tool and loss of clinical autonomy. The participants believe that tools should be used in addition to the current working method and not as a replacement. Discussion: Our results provide an important step in the iterative process of developing computer tools for memory clinics in co-creation with end-users and could guide successful implementation.
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- 2023
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11. Multicolor photonic patterns through an intensity-controlled single photopolymerization step
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Yari Foelen, Nieké J. M. van Gils, Mart D. T. Claessen, Albertus P. H. J. Schenning, Stimuli-responsive Funct. Materials & Dev., and Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
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Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,Ceramics and Composites ,General Chemistry ,Catalysis ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Abstract
The UV intensity during photopolymerization allows control over the structural color of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) polymer photonic coating in a single step. Simultaneously, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer can be tuned by the applied UV intensity. Most likely the low intensity photopolymerization increases the inhibition time, leading to in situ formation of polymer fragments through oxygen inhibition. The formation of polymer fragments changes the matrix during the inhibition time, which results in a color change before the polymer network is formed. Additionally, these fragments inside the network act as a plasticizer, effectively lowering the Tg. This method can be combined with temperature responsive properties based on shape memory to fabricate photonic coatings with multiple, responsive colored patterns. The presented work allows for new functionalities in responsive photonic polymers as multiple colors and response temperatures can be incorporated in a single polymerization step.
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- 2022
12. Neuropsychological outcome in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia at 5 years of age, what does it tell?
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Sophie, de Munck, Suzan C M Cochius-den, Otter, J Marco, Schnater, Joost, van Rosmalen, Nina C J, Peters, Annabel P J M, van Gils-Frijters, Neeltje E M, van Haren, Saskia J, Gischler, Hanneke, IJsselstijn, and André B, Rietman
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Previous studies have frequently reported neurocognitive deficits in children born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) at school age, which may contribute to academic difficulties. Yet, age at onset of these deficits is currently unknown. We evaluated neurocognitive skills with possible determinants in preschool children born with CDH. Eligible 5-year-old children born with CDH (2010-2015) who participated in our prospective structural follow-up program were included. We used the WPPSI-III to assess intelligence, subtests of the Kaufman-ABC for memory, and NEPSY-II to assess inhibition and attention. We included 63 children. Their test scores generally were within or significantly above normal range: total IQ = 103.4 (15.7) (p = 0.13); Verbal memory = 10.2 (2.8) (p = 0.61); Visuospatial memory = 11.4 (2.6) (p 0.01); Inhibition = 10.5 (2.2), (p = 0.10). In univariable analyses, length of ICU-stay was negatively associated with IQ, and maximum vasoactive inotropic score and open repair were negatively associated with inhibition skills. In multivariable regression analysis, the latter association remained (B = 5.52, p = 0.04 (CI 0.32-10.72)). Conclusions: In these tested 5-year-old children born with CDH, neuropsychological outcome was normal on average. While problems in 8-year-olds are common, we did not detect onset of these problems at age 5. Yet, we cannot rule out that this cohort had a relatively mild level of disease severity; therefore, conclusions should be interpreted with caution. However, given the growing-into-deficit hypothesis, meaning that deviant brain development in early life is revealed once higher cognitive brain functions are demanded, follow-up should be conducted up to school age, and preferably beyond. What is Known: • Children born with CDH are at risk for academic difficulties at school age. • Whether these difficulties can be detected already before school age is unknown. What is New: • At age 5 years, intelligence, inhibition, attention, and memory skills were all within normal range, or even above, in children with CDH. This is supportive of the growing-into-deficit hypothesis in this patient population. • Those who underwent open surgical correction had poorer inhibition skills than those who were corrected with minimal access surgery.
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- 2022
13. Revisiting inclusion in smart cities: infrastructural hybridization and the institutionalization of citizen participation in Bengaluru’s peripheries
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Bart A. M. van Gils and Ajay Bailey
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Urban Studies ,Institutionalisation ,Urban planning ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS ,Political science ,Smart city ,Framing (construction) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,Citizen journalism ,InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS ,Public administration ,Inclusion (education) - Abstract
Smart city development can be traced back in the urban development trajectories of cities, as well as the respective articulations, framing and practices of ‘inclusive’ and ‘participatory’ smart ci...
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- 2021
14. Evaluation framework for carotid bifurcation lumen segmentation and stenosis grading.
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K. Hameeteman, Maria A. Zuluaga, Moti Freiman, Leo Joskowicz, Olivier Cuisenaire, Leonardo Floréz-Valencia, Mehmet Akif Gülsün, Karl Krissian, Julien Mille, Wilbur C. K. Wong, Maciej Orkisz, Hüseyin Tek, Marcela Hernández Hoyos, Fethallah Benmansour, Albert C. S. Chung, Sietske Rozie, M. van Gils, L. van den Borne, Jacob Sosna, Phillip M. Berman, N. Cohen, Philippe Douek, I. Sánchez, M. Aissat, Michiel Schaap, Coert Metz, Gabriel P. Krestin, Aad van der Lugt, Wiro J. Niessen, and Theo van Walsum
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- 2011
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15. Tongue coating in relationship to gender, plaque, gingivitis and tongue cleaning behaviour in systemically healthy young adults
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Fridus van der Weijden, Eveline van der Sluijs, N.L. Hennequin-Hoenderdos, Dagmar E. Slot, Laura M Van Gils, Periodontology, and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam
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Male ,Plaque index ,Dental Plaque ,Dentistry ,Oral hygiene ,Tongue surface ,plaque ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gingivitis ,Young Adult ,cross‐sectional study ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tongue ,oral hygiene behaviour ,tongue coating thickness ,Medicine ,Humans ,Dentistry (miscellaneous) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,tongue surface discoloration ,business.industry ,Dental Plaque Index ,030206 dentistry ,Original Articles ,bleeding ,Tongue cleaning ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,Original Article ,Tongue coating ,medicine.symptom ,Periodontal Index ,business - Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this observational study was to investigate the relationship between tongue coating (thickness [Tc] and surface discoloration [Td]) and gender, plaque, gingivitis (bleeding on marginal probing [BOMP] and bleeding on pocket probing [BOPP]) and tongue cleaning behaviour. Materials and Methods: A total of 336 participants were screened for this cross-sectional study, from which 268 (150 male, 118 female) were found to be eligible. Aspects of tongue coating were visually assessed. Additionally, BOMP, BOPP and the plaque index (PI) were scored. To ascertain the tongue cleaning behaviour, the Oral Hygiene Behavior questionnaire was used. Results: Most tongue coating was found at the posterior sections of the tongue surface. A thin coating and white discoloration were most prevalent as highest score for both males (92.7%) and females (87.4%), as well as white discoloration for the whole group of participants (50.2%). A gender difference was observed for TC and Td (P
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- 2020
16. Brain Damage and Visuospatial Impairments: Exploring Early Structure-Function Associations in Children Born Very Preterm
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Johan J. M. Pel, Renate Swarte, Maud M van Gils, Marlou J. G. Kooiker, Johannes van der Steen, Irwin K.M. Reiss, Jeroen Dudink, Neurosciences, and Pediatrics
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Birth weight ,Motion Perception ,Gestational Age ,Brain damage ,Audiology ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental Neuroscience ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Eye-Tracking Technology ,Brain Diseases ,Periventricular leukomalacia ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Gestational age ,Retinopathy of prematurity ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Intraventricular hemorrhage ,Neurology ,Bronchopulmonary dysplasia ,Child, Preschool ,Infant, Extremely Premature ,Space Perception ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background To provide insight into early neurosensory development in children born very preterm, we assessed the association between early structural brain damage and functional visuospatial attention and motion processing from one to two years corrected age. Methods In 112 children born at less than 32 weeks gestational age, we assessed brain damage and growth with a standardized scoring system on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 1.5 Tesla) scans performed at 29 to 35 weeks gestational age. Of the children with an MRI scan, 82 participated in an eye tracking-based assessment of visuospatial attention and motion processing (Tobii T60XL) at one year corrected age and 59 at two years corrected age. Results MRI scoring showed good intra- and inter-rater reproducibility. At one year, 10% children had delayed attentional reaction times and 23% had delayed motion reaction times. Moderate to severe brain damage significantly correlated with slower visuospatial reaction times. At two years, despite attention and motion reaction times becoming significantly faster, 20% had delayed attentional reaction times and 35% had delayed motion reaction times, but no correlations with MRI scores were found. The presence of structural brain damage was associated with abnormal functional performance over age. Conclusions The present study indicates an association between moderate to severe brain damage and visuospatial attention and motion processing dysfunction at one year corrected age. This provides a new perspective on comprehensive MRI scoring and quantitative functional visuospatial assessments and their applicability in children born very preterm in their first years of life.
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- 2020
17. Development and design of a diagnostic report to support communication in dementia
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Aniek M. van Gils, Leonie N. C. Visser, Heleen M. A. Hendriksen, Jean Georges, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Hanneke F. M. Rhodius‐Meester, Medical Psychology, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Quality of Care, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Neurology, Internal medicine, and APH - Methodology
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,prevention ,communication ,diagnosis ,neuropsychology ,brain imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,prognosis ,progression ,diagnostic testing ,dementia - Abstract
Introduction: Clear communication of diagnostic test results and dementia diagnosis is challenging yet important to empower patients and care partners. A personalized diagnostic report could support the communication of dementia diagnostics and aid patients' understanding of diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to design a diagnostic report in co-creation with patients and care partners.Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys with focus groups in iteration. Phase 1 consisted of an international survey assessing needs among patients ( n = 50) and care partners ( n = 46), and phase 2 consisted of focus group meetings ( n = 3) to co-create the content and to hands-on co-design the layout of the diagnostic report with patients ( n = 7) and care partners ( n = 7). Phase 3 validated results from phase 2 in a survey among patients ( n = 28) and care partners ( n = 12), and phase 4 comprised final feedback by dementia (care) experts ( n = 5). Descriptive statistics were used to report quantitative results and directed content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Results: Most patients (39/50, 78%) and care partners (38/46, 83%) positively valued a diagnostic report to summarize test results. The report should be brief, straightforward, and comprise results of the diagnostic tests, including brain imaging and information on future expectations. Despite a clear preference for visual display of test results, several visualization options were deemed best and were equally comprehended.Discussion: In this study, we developed a prototype of a personalized patient report through an iterative design process and learned that co-creation is highly valuable to meet the specific needs of end-users.
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- 2022
18. Assessing the views of professionals, patients, and care partners concerning the use of computer tools in memory clinics:International survey study
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Leonie N C Visser, Aniek M van Gils, Majon Muller, Femke H. Bouwman, Jean Georges, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Heleen M.A. Hendriksen, Hanneke F.M. Rhodius-Meester, Medical Psychology, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Neurology, Internal medicine, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Methodology, and ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes
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Original Paper ,Artificial intelligence ,Medical education ,Computer tools ,Communication ,Clinical decision support systems ,International survey ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Health Informatics ,Prognosis ,Computer Science Applications ,Diagnostic testing ,Diagnosis ,Dementia ,Preprint ,Psychology - Abstract
Background Computer tools based on artificial intelligence could aid clinicians in memory clinics in several ways, such as by supporting diagnostic decision-making, web-based cognitive testing, and the communication of diagnosis and prognosis. Objective This study aims to identify the preferences as well as the main barriers and facilitators related to using computer tools in memory clinics for all end users, that is, clinicians, patients, and care partners. Methods Between July and October 2020, we sent out invitations to a web-based survey to clinicians using the European Alzheimer’s Disease Centers network and the Dutch Memory Clinic network, and 109 clinicians participated (mean age 45 years, SD 10; 53/109, 48.6% female). A second survey was created for patients and care partners. They were invited via Alzheimer Europe, Alzheimer’s Society United Kingdom, Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, and Amsterdam Aging Cohort. A total of 50 patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia (mean age 73 years, SD 8; 17/34, 34% female) and 46 care partners (mean age 65 years, SD 12; 25/54, 54% female) participated in this survey. Results Most clinicians reported a willingness to use diagnostic (88/109, 80.7%) and prognostic (83/109, 76.1%) computer tools. User-friendliness (71/109, 65.1%); Likert scale mean 4.5, SD 0.7), and increasing diagnostic accuracy (76/109, 69.7%; mean 4.3, SD 0.7) were reported as the main factors stimulating the adoption of a tool. Tools should also save time and provide clear information on reliability and validity. Inadequate integration with electronic patient records (46/109, 42.2%; mean 3.8, SD 1.0) and fear of losing important clinical information (48/109, 44%; mean 3.7, SD 1.2) were most frequently indicated as barriers. Patients and care partners were equally positive about the use of computer tools by clinicians, both for diagnosis (69/96, 72%) and prognosis (73/96, 76%). In addition, most of them thought favorably regarding the possibility of using the tools themselves. Conclusions This study showed that computer tools in memory clinics are positively valued by most end users. For further development and implementation, it is essential to overcome the technical and practical barriers of a tool while paying utmost attention to its reliability and validity.
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- 2021
19. The (non)sense of diagnostic computer tools in memory clinics: An international survey assessing the views of clinicians, patients and caregivers
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Aniek M Van Gils, Leonie N.C. Visser, Heleen M.A. Hendriksen, Jean Georges, Majon Muller, Femke H. Bouwman, Wiesje M van der Flier, and Hanneke FM Rhodius‐Meester
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Epidemiology ,Health Policy ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology - Published
- 2021
20. The Abcc6a Knockout Zebrafish Model as a Novel Tool for Drug Screening for Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
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M. Van Gils, A. Willaert, P. J. Coucke, and O. M. Vanakker
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Pharmacology (medical) - Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a multisystem ectopic mineralization disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the ABCC6 gene. Though complications of the disease can be treated, PXE itself remains currently intractable. A strategy for rapid and cost-effective discovery of therapeutic drugs would be to perform chemical compound screening using zebrafish, but this approach remains to be validated for PXE. In this paper, we validate a stable CRISPR/Cas9 abcc6a knockout zebrafish model–which has spinal column hypermineralization as its primary phenotypic feature–as a model system for compound screening in ectopic mineralization. We evaluated the anti-mineralization potential of five compounds, which had (anecdotal) positive effects reported in Abcc6 knockout mice and/or PXE patients. Abcc6a knockout zebrafish larvae were treated from 3 to 10 days post-fertilization with vitamin K1, sodium thiosulfate, etidronate, alendronate or magnesium citrate and compared to matching controls. Following alizarin red S staining, alterations in notochord sheath mineralization were semiquantified and found to largely congrue with the originally reported outcomes. Our results demonstrate that the use of this abcc6a knockout zebrafish model is a validated and promising strategy for drug discovery against ectopic mineralization.
- Published
- 2021
21. RIPK1 expression associates with inflammation in early atherosclerosis in humans and can be therapeutically silenced to reduce NF-κB activation and atherogenesis in mice
- Author
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Liang Guo, Zachary Lister, Renu Virmani, Katey J. Rayner, Francis J. Alenghat, Ana Mompeon, Calvin Pan, Dianne Vreeken, Hailey Wyatt, Emma Gordon, Adil Rasheed, Nicola Otte, Joshua W. Kandiah, Ulf Hedin, Patricia Essebier, Denuja Karunakaran, My-Anh Nguyen, Frank D. Kolodgie, Ljubica Perisic Matic, Jason E. Fish, Richard G. Lee, Peter Liu, Henry S. Cheng, Aldons J. Lusis, Richard G. Jung, Michele Geoffrion, and Janine M. van Gils
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0303 health sciences ,Innate immune system ,business.industry ,Inflammation ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,NFKB1 ,03 medical and health sciences ,RIPK1 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Nf κb activation ,business ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Background: Chronic activation of the innate immune system drives inflammation and contributes directly to atherosclerosis. We previously showed that macrophages in the atherogenic plaque undergo RIPK3 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3)-MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein)–dependent programmed necroptosis in response to sterile ligands such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and damage-associated molecular patterns and that necroptosis is active in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Upstream of the RIPK3-MLKL necroptotic machinery lies RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1), which acts as a master switch that controls whether the cell undergoes NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)–dependent inflammation, caspase-dependent apoptosis, or necroptosis in response to extracellular stimuli. We therefore set out to investigate the role of RIPK1 in the development of atherosclerosis, which is driven largely by NF-κB–dependent inflammation at early stages. We hypothesize that, unlike RIPK3 and MLKL, RIPK1 primarily drives NF-κB–dependent inflammation in early atherogenic lesions, and knocking down RIPK1 will reduce inflammatory cell activation and protect against the progression of atherosclerosis. Methods: We examined expression of RIPK1 protein and mRNA in both human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions, and used loss-of-function approaches in vitro in macrophages and endothelial cells to measure inflammatory responses. We administered weekly injections of RIPK1 antisense oligonucleotides to Apoe −/− mice fed a cholesterol-rich (Western) diet for 8 weeks. Results: We find that RIPK1 expression is abundant in early-stage atherosclerotic lesions in both humans and mice. Treatment with RIPK1 antisense oligonucleotides led to a reduction in aortic sinus and en face lesion areas (47.2% or 58.8% decrease relative to control, P P RIPK1 knockdown in macrophages decreased inflammatory genes (NF-κB, TNFα [tumor necrosis factor α], IL-1α) and in vivo lipopolysaccharide- and atherogenic diet–induced NF-κB activation. In endothelial cells, knockdown of RIPK1 prevented NF-κB translocation to the nucleus in response to TNFα, where accordingly there was a reduction in gene expression of IL1B , E-selectin , and monocyte attachment. Conclusions: We identify RIPK1 as a central driver of inflammation in atherosclerosis by its ability to activate the NF-κB pathway and promote inflammatory cytokine release. Given the high levels of RIPK1 expression in human atherosclerotic lesions, our study suggests RIPK1 as a future therapeutic target to reduce residual inflammation in patients at high risk of coronary artery disease.
- Published
- 2021
22. Early Screening of Visual Processing Dysfunctions in Children Born Very or Extremely Preterm
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Marlou J. G. Kooiker, Maud M. van Gils, Ymie J. van der Zee, Renate M. C. Swarte, Liesbeth S. Smit, Sjoukje Loudon, Sanny van der Steen, Irwin K. M. Reiss, Johan J. M. Pel, Johannes van der Steen, Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Pediatrics, Neurology, and Ophthalmology
- Subjects
Neurological signs ,early screening ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Brain damage ,Visual orientation ,eye tracking ,Visual processing ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Risk groups ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Cerebral visual impairment ,visual processing dysfunctions ,Medicine ,neurological risk ,Strabismus ,Biological Psychiatry ,preterm children ,Original Research ,cerebral visual impairment (CVI) ,business.industry ,visual orienting functions ,Extremely preterm ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Neuroscience ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Introduction: Children with early brain damage or dysfunction are at risk of developing cerebral visual impairment (CVI), including visual processing dysfunctions (VPD), which currently remain largely undetected until school age. Our aim was to systematically screen for possible VPD in children born very or extremely preterm from 1 to 2 years corrected age (CA) and to evaluate the effectiveness of early referral.Method: We included N = 48 children born < 30 weeks from 1 year CA. They underwent a two-step VPD screening based on (1) neurological signs indicative of visual brain damage evaluated by neonatologists and/or pediatric neurologist and (2) a functional assessment of visual orienting functions (VOF) with an eye tracking-based test. If at least one of these assessments was abnormal for their age, the children were classified as a risk of VPD and referred to undergo conventional visual diagnostics: ophthalmic exam and visual function assessment (VFA). At 2 years CA, VOF screening was repeated and neurodevelopment was assessed.Results: 18 children (38%) were classified as at risk of VPD at 1 year CA. 7 children had abnormal neurological signs, 5 children had abnormal VOF, and 6 children had both. Subsequent ophthalmic exams (N = 14) showed severe hypermetropia in 21% and strabismus in 14%. VFA (N = 10) showed abnormal visual function and behavior in only 1 child. At 2 years CA, the total group showed an increase in abnormal VOF. Whereas the children at risk showed some normalization, the group without VPD risk at 1 year CA showed deterioration of VOF. Neurodevelopmental outcome did not clearly differ between risk groups.Conclusion: Our findings show a substantial risk of VPD during visual screening (in 38%) at 1 year CA, but relatively few deficits on subsequent conventional ophthalmic exams and VFA. The data suggest that most conventional visual diagnostic methods at this young age are not related to the established VPD risks. VOF assessment should be used complimentary to these methods. The fact that at 2 years CA the number of children with a VPD risk based on abnormal VOF increased argues for more extensive and continuous screening in risk groups, at least until school age.
- Published
- 2021
23. A microfluidics-based screening tool to assess the impact of blood plasma factors on microvascular integrity
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Sophie Dólleman, Abidemi Junaid, Hendrik Endeman, Cees van Kooten, Thomas Hankemeier, Wendy Stam, Alireza Mashaghi, Wei Yang, Vincent van Duinen, Hetty C. de Boer, Yolanda B. de Rijke, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Janine M. van Gils, Clinical Chemistry, and Intensive Care
- Subjects
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endothelium ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,Plasma ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Blood plasma ,medicine ,Humans ,Endothelial dysfunction ,Microvessel ,Barrier function ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Chemistry ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endothelium, Vascular - Abstract
This study provides a method to assess the impact of circulating plasma factors on microvascular integrity by using a recently developed microvessel-on-a-chip platform featuring the human endothelium that is partly surrounded by the extracellular matrix. The system is high-throughput, which allows parallel analysis of organ-level microvessel pathophysiology, including vascular leakage. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma samples are mixed with inhibitors for recalcification of the plasma samples to avoid activation of the coagulation- or complement system. Moreover, the assay is validated by spiking vascular endothelial growth factor, histamine, or tumor necrosis factor alpha to recalcified plasma and confirms their modulation of microvessel barrier function at physiologically relevant concentrations. Finally, this study shows that perfusing the microvessels with recalcified plasma samples of coronavirus disease-2019 patients, with a confirmed proinflammatory profile, results in markedly increased leakage of the microvessels. The assay provides opportunities for diagnostic screening of inflammatory or endothelial disrupting plasma factors associated with endothelial dysfunction.
- Published
- 2021
24. Assessing the Views of Professionals, Patients, and Care Partners Concerning the Use of Computer Tools in Memory Clinics: International Survey Study (Preprint)
- Author
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Aniek M van Gils, Leonie NC Visser, Heleen MA Hendriksen, Jean Georges, Majon Muller, Femke H Bouwman, Wiesje M van der Flier, and Hanneke FM Rhodius-Meester
- Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer tools based on artificial intelligence could aid clinicians in memory clinics in several ways, such as by supporting diagnostic decision-making, web-based cognitive testing, and the communication of diagnosis and prognosis. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the preferences as well as the main barriers and facilitators related to using computer tools in memory clinics for all end users, that is, clinicians, patients, and care partners. METHODS Between July and October 2020, we sent out invitations to a web-based survey to clinicians using the European Alzheimer’s Disease Centers network and the Dutch Memory Clinic network, and 109 clinicians participated (mean age 45 years, SD 10; 53/109, 48.6% female). A second survey was created for patients and care partners. They were invited via Alzheimer Europe, Alzheimer’s Society United Kingdom, Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, and Amsterdam Aging Cohort. A total of 50 patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia (mean age 73 years, SD 8; 17/34, 34% female) and 46 care partners (mean age 65 years, SD 12; 25/54, 54% female) participated in this survey. RESULTS Most clinicians reported a willingness to use diagnostic (88/109, 80.7%) and prognostic (83/109, 76.1%) computer tools. User-friendliness (71/109, 65.1%); Likert scale mean 4.5, SD 0.7), and increasing diagnostic accuracy (76/109, 69.7%; mean 4.3, SD 0.7) were reported as the main factors stimulating the adoption of a tool. Tools should also save time and provide clear information on reliability and validity. Inadequate integration with electronic patient records (46/109, 42.2%; mean 3.8, SD 1.0) and fear of losing important clinical information (48/109, 44%; mean 3.7, SD 1.2) were most frequently indicated as barriers. Patients and care partners were equally positive about the use of computer tools by clinicians, both for diagnosis (69/96, 72%) and prognosis (73/96, 76%). In addition, most of them thought favorably regarding the possibility of using the tools themselves. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that computer tools in memory clinics are positively valued by most end users. For further development and implementation, it is essential to overcome the technical and practical barriers of a tool while paying utmost attention to its reliability and validity.
- Published
- 2021
25. Netrin-4 expression by human endothelial cells inhibits endothelial inflammation and senescence
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Bernard M. van den Berg, Huayu Zhang, Dianne Vreeken, Ton J. Rabelink, Wendy M.P.J. Sol, Wendy Stam, Janine M. van Gils, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Caroline S. Bruikman, Abidemi Junaid, Daniëlle G. Leuning, and Ruben G. de Bruin
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,animal structures ,Endothelium ,Endothelial cells ,Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Inflammation ,Senescence ,Biochemistry ,Extracellular matrix ,Barrier function ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Cells, Cultured ,Cellular Senescence ,Cell adhesion molecule ,Chemistry ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,fungi ,Netrin-4 ,Cell Biology ,Cell biology ,Endothelial stem cell ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,embryonic structures ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Netrins ,Endothelium, Vascular ,medicine.symptom ,Homeostasis - Abstract
Netrin-4, recognized in neural and vascular development, is highly expressed by mature endothelial cells. The function of this netrin-4 in vascular biology after development has remained unclear. We found that the expression of netrin-4 is highly regulated in endothelial cells and is important for quiescent healthy endothelium. Netrin-4 expression is upregulated in endothelial cells cultured under laminar flow conditions, while endothelial cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha resulted in decreased netrin-4 expression. Targeted reduction of netrin-4 in endothelial cells resulted in increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Besides, these endothelial cells were more prone to monocyte adhesion and showed impaired barrier function, measured with electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, as well as in an 'organ-on-a-chip' microfluidic system. Importantly, endothelial cells with reduced levels of netrin-4 showed increased expression of the senescence-associated markers cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-1 and -2A, an increased cell size and decreased ability to proliferate. Consistent with the gene expression profile, netrin-4 reduction was accompanied with more senescent associated β-galactosidase activity, which could be rescued by adding netrin-4 protein. Finally, using human decellularized kidney extracellular matrix scaffolds, we found that pre-treatment of the scaffolds with netrin-4 increased numbers of endothelial cells adhering to the matrix, showing a pro-survival effect of netrin-4. Taken together, netrin-4 acts as an anti-senescence and anti-inflammation factor in endothelial cell function and our results provide insights as to maintain endothelial homeostasis and supporting vascular health.
- Published
- 2021
26. Experimental investigation of heat transport in inhomogeneous bubbly flow
- Author
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Dennis P. M. van Gils, Biljana Gvozdić, Elise Alméras, Sander G. Huisman, Chao Sun, Detlef Lohse, On Yu Dung, University of Twente [Netherlands], Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Tsinghua University (CHINA), University of Twente (NETHERLANDS), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), Physics of Fluids, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
- Subjects
Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Buoyancy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Flow (psychology) ,Mixing (process engineering) ,UT-Hybrid-D ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,[CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering ,020401 chemical engineering ,Heat transfer ,Génie chimique ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Génie des procédés ,Bubbly flows ,Turbulence ,Applied Mathematics ,Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,General Chemistry ,Rayleigh number ,Mechanics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Volumetric flow rate ,engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Experiments ,Bubble column - Abstract
In this work we study the heat transport in inhomogeneous bubbly flow. The experiments were performed in a rectangular bubble column heated from one side wall and cooled from the other, with millimetric bubbles introduced through one half of the injection section (close to the hot wall or close to the cold wall). We characterise the global heat transport while varying two parameters: the gas volume fraction $\alpha = 0.4\% - 5.1 \%$, and the Rayleigh number $Ra_H=4\times10^9-2.2\times10^{10}$. As captured by imaging and characterised using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), different flow regimes occur with increasing gas flow rates. In the generated inhomogeneous bubbly flow there are three main contributions to the mixing: (\textit{i}) transport by the buoyancy driven recirculation, (\textit{ii}) bubble induced turbulence (BIT) and (\textit{iii}) shear-induced turbulence (SIT). The strength of these contributions and their interplay depends on the gas volume fraction which is reflected in the measured heat transport enhancement. We compare our results with the findings for heat transport in homogeneous bubbly flow from Gvozdi{\'c} \emph{et al.} (2018). We find that for the lower gas volume fractions ($\alpha4\%$, when the contribution of SIT becomes stronger, but so does the competition between all three contributions, the homogeneous injection is more efficient.
- Published
- 2019
27. Fatigue in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
- Author
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Els Van de Vijver, Yannick Van Driessche, Laura Beckers, Ann J. M. Van Gils, Patrick F. van Rheenen, and Nicolette Moes
- Subjects
WALK TEST ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Activities of daily living ,SYMPTOMS ,Adolescent ,Systematic Reviews ,Child Behavior ,Disease ,MASS ,Adolescents ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,CAPACITY ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Crohn Disease ,Quality of life ,QUALITY-OF-LIFE ,Accelerometry ,medicine ,MANAGEMENT ,Humans ,ANEMIA ,Child ,Exercise ,Children ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Fatigue ,PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS ,business.industry ,PARENT ,Gastroenterology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Ulcerative colitis ,Checklist ,Physical impairment ,YOUTH ,Adolescent Behavior ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Anxiety ,Colitis, Ulcerative ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Human medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Sleep - Abstract
AIM To identify factors other than active disease and anemia that contribute to fatigue in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS We performed an electronic search in Medline and EMBASE from their inception to May 2017 using the search term "fatigue" or the related keywords "physical impairment" and "inflammatory bowel disease" with the filter "child" (age 0-18 years). Cross-sectional and case-control studies were included. We restricted our search to studies published in English. We used the PRISMA checklist and flow diagram. Duplicate articles were manually deleted in End Note. To identify further relevant studies, we checked the reference lists of the selected articles. RESULTS We identified 149 papers, of which 19 were retrieved for full text review. Eleven studies were subsequently excluded because fatigue was not evaluated as an outcome measure. Eight papers focused on the desired topic and were discussed in the final analysis. A lack of uniformity of outcome measures made the pooling of data impossible. In all but one study, questionnaires were used to evaluate fatigue. In the remaining study, an accelerometer was used to measure daily activities, sleeping time and their relationships with fatigue in a more quantifiable manner. Adolescents with IBD are significantly more fatigued than healthy controls. In addition to active disease, increased anxiety or depression and disturbed family relationships were frequently reported predictors of fatigue. Quantitative measurement of physical activity in patients with Crohn's disease showed a reduction in the number of steps per day, and patients with ulcerative colitis had a shorter duration of physical activity during the day. CONCLUSION Fatigue in pediatric IBD is related to a combination of biological, functional and behavioral factors, which should all be taken into account when managing fatigue.
- Published
- 2019
28. Understanding netrins and semaphorins in mature endothelial cell biology
- Author
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Dianne Vreeken, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Huayu Zhang, Janine M. van Gils, and Caroline S. Bruikman
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Nervous system ,animal structures ,Endothelium ,Semaphorins ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Semaphorin ,Netrin ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Pharmacology ,fungi ,Endothelial Cells ,Vascular tone ,Endothelial stem cell ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,embryonic structures ,Blood Vessels ,Netrins ,Stress, Mechanical ,Neuroscience ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Netrins and semaphorins are known as neuronal guidance molecules that are important to the facilitate patterning of the nervous system in embryonic development. In recent years, their function has been broadened to guide development in other systems, including the vascular system, where netrins and semaphorins critically contribute to the development of the vascular system. Evidence is accumulating that these guidance cues are also of critical importance in the biology of the mature endothelium by regulating the maintenance of endothelial quiescence. Here we review our current insights into the roles of netrins and semaphorins in endothelial cell survival, self-renewing, barrier function, response to wall shear stress, and control of the vascular tone. We also provide suggestions for future research into the functions of netrins and semaphorins in mature endothelial cell biology.
- Published
- 2018
29. Rotating turbulent thermal convection at very large Rayleigh numbers
- Author
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Marcel Wedi, Stephan Weiss, Dennis P. M. van Gils, Eberhard Bodenschatz, MESA+ Institute, and Physics of Fluids
- Subjects
Physics ,Convective heat transfer ,Rotating turbulence ,Turbulence ,Mechanical Engineering ,Prandtl number ,UT-Hybrid-D ,Bénard convection ,Mechanics ,Turbulent convection ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Rotation ,01 natural sciences ,Nusselt number ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Rossby number ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,symbols.namesake ,Heat flux ,Mechanics of Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,Zonal flow ,symbols ,Benard convection ,010306 general physics - Abstract
We report on turbulent thermal convection experiments in a rotating cylinder with a diameter () to height () aspect ratio of. Using nitrogen and pressurised sulphur hexafluoride we cover Rayleigh numbers (Ra) from to at Prandtl numbers. For these Ra we measure the global vertical heat flux (i.e. the Nusselt number - Nu), as well as statistical quantities of local temperature measurements, as a function of the rotation rate, i.e. the inverse Rossby number - 1/Ro. In contrast to measurements in fluids with a higher Pr we do not find a heat transport enhancement, but only a decrease of Nu with increasing 1/Ro. When normalised with Nu(0) for the non-rotating system, data for all different Ra collapse and, for sufficiently large 1/Ro, follow a power law. Furthermore, we find that both the heat transport and the temperature field qualitatively change at rotation rates and. We interpret the first transition at as change from a large-scale circulation roll to the recently discovered boundary zonal flow (BZF). The second transition at rotation rate is not associated with a change of the flow morphology, but is rather the rotation rate for which the BZF is at its maximum. For faster rotation the vertical transport of warm and cold fluid near the sidewall within the BZF decreases and hence so does Nu.
- Published
- 2021
30. Use of lipid lowering drugs in cognitively impaired patients
- Author
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Aniek M van Gils, Majon Muller, Julia H.I. Wiersinga, Sara A. J. van de Schraaf, Marijke C. Trappenburg, Mike J L Peters, and Hanneke F.M. Rhodius Meester
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Dementia ,Neurology (clinical) ,Lipid lowering ,Cognitively impaired ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business - Published
- 2020
31. Comprehensive analysis of neuronal guidance cue expression regulation during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation reveals post-transcriptional regulation of semaphorin7A by the RNA-binding protein quaking
- Author
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Eric P van der Veer, Oscar Rj van Hengel, Janine M van Gils, Jurrien Prins, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Barend W. Florijn, Dianne Vreeken, Mieke F van Essen, Hilde Van Esch, Huayu Zhang, Ruben G de Bruin, and J. Duijs
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,THP-1 Cells ,RNA-binding protein ,quaking ,Haploinsufficiency ,Semaphorins ,Research & Experimental Medicine ,Monocyte ,semaphorin ,Monocytes ,0302 clinical medicine ,RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ,3' Untranslated Regions ,Regulation of gene expression ,microRNA ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell biology ,Axon Guidance ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine, Research & Experimental ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Monocyte differentiation ,Female ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ,Immunology ,Primary Cell Culture ,SEMA4D ,macrophage ,Biology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Post-transcriptional regulation ,Science & Technology ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Macrophages ,Siblings ,Cell Biology ,Original Articles ,Protein Quaking ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,RNA ,lcsh:RC581-607 - Abstract
In response to inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, monocytes differentiate into macrophages. Comprehensive analysis of gene expression regulation of neuronal guidance cue (NGC) ligands and receptors in the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation process is not available yet. We performed transcriptome profiling in both human primary PBMCs/PBMC-derived macrophages and THP-1 cells/THP-1-macrophages using microarray or RNA sequencing methods. Pathway analysis showed that the axonal guidance pathway is significantly regulated upon monocyte differentiation. We confirmed NGC ligands and receptors which were consistently regulated, including SEMA4D, SEMA7A, NRP1, NRP2, PLXNA1 and PLXNA3. The involvement of RNA-binding protein quaking (QKI) in the regulation of NGC expression was investigated using monocytes and macrophages from a QKI haplo-insufficient patient and her healthy sibling. This revealed a positive correlation of SEMA7A expression with QKI expression. In silico analysis of 3'UTRs of NGCs proposed the competitive binding of QKI to proximal microRNA targeting sites as the mechanism of QKI-dependent regulation of SEMA7A. RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed an interaction of QKI with the 3'UTR of SEMA7A. Loss of SEMA7A resulted in monocyte differentiation towards a more anti-inflammatory macrophage. Taken together, the axonal guidance pathway is regulated during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, and the regulation is in line with the necessary functional adaption for the specialised role of macrophages. ispartof: INNATE IMMUNITY vol:27 issue:2 pages:118-132 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2020
32. Prediction power on cardiovascular disease of neuroimmune guidance cues expression by peripheral blood monocytes determined by machine-learning methods
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Janine M. van Gils, Hetty C. de Boer, Johannes Waltenberger, Jacques M.G.J. Duijs, Eric P. van der Veer, Erik A.L. Biessen, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, J. Wouter Jukema, Edwin O W Bredewold, Dianne Vreeken, Huayu Zhang, Adriaan O. Kraaijeveld, Nico H.J. Pijls, Pathologie, and RS: Carim - B07 The vulnerable plaque: makers and markers
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Cell ,Disease ,Semaphorins ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Cohort Studies ,Machine Learning ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene expression ,Netrin ,machine-learning methods ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Netrin-1 ,EPH receptor A2 ,Computer Science Applications ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,monocytes ,Ephrins ,PLAQUES ,Adult ,neuroimmune guidance cues ,Inflammation ,Catalysis ,Article ,MECHANISMS ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,INFLAMMATION ,medicine ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,PROMOTES ATHEROSCLEROSIS ,business.industry ,Monocyte ,Organic Chemistry ,Peripheral blood ,cardiovascular diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,business ,Transcriptome ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology in a major part of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. The infiltration of monocytes into the vessel walls of large arteries is a key denominator of atherogenesis, making monocytes accountable for the development of atherosclerosis. With the development of high-throughput transcriptome profiling platforms and cytometric methods for circulating cells, it is now feasible to study in-depth the predicted functional change of circulating monocytes reflected by changes of gene expression in certain pathways and correlate the changes to disease outcome. Neuroimmune guidance cues comprise a group of circulating- and cell membrane-associated signaling proteins that are progressively involved in monocyte functions. Here, we employed the CIRCULATING CELLS study cohort to classify cardiovascular disease patients and healthy individuals in relation to their expression of neuroimmune guidance cues in circulating monocytes. To cope with the complexity of human datasets featured by noisy data, nonlinearity and multidimensionality, we assessed various machine-learning methods. Of these, the linear discriminant analysis, Naï, ve Bayesian model and stochastic gradient boost model yielded perfect or near-perfect sensibility and specificity and revealed that expression levels of the neuroimmune guidance cues SEMA6B, SEMA6D and EPHA2 in circulating monocytes were of predictive values for cardiovascular disease outcome.
- Published
- 2020
33. Ephrin-Eph signaling usage by a variety of viruses
- Author
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Marit J. van Gils, Janine M. van Gils, and Esther de Boer
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,animal structures ,Virus infection ,Dasatinib (Pubchem CID: 3062316) ,Biology ,Ligands ,Virus Replication ,Endocytosis ,Antiviral Agents ,Receptor tyrosine kinase ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Viral life cycle ,Viral entry ,Chloroquine (Pubchem CID: 2719) ,Animals ,Humans ,Ephrin ,Tyrosine kinase ,Henipavirus ,Receptors, Eph Family ,Pharmacology ,Lymphocyte migration ,Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptor ,Virus Internalization ,Ephrin-Eph signaling ,biological factors ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Viral replication ,Virus Diseases ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Viruses ,embryonic structures ,biology.protein ,Receptors, Virus ,sense organs ,biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity ,Signal transduction ,Ephrins ,Nicotine (Pubchem CID: 89594) - Abstract
Ephrin-Eph signaling is a receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway involved in a variety of cellular mechanisms, of which many are related to the adhesion or migration of cells. Both the Eph receptor and ephrin ligand are abundantly present on a wide variety of cell types, and strongly evolutionary conserved. This review provides an overview of how 18 genetically diverse viruses utilize the Eph receptor (Eph), ephrin ligand (ephrin) or ephrin-Eph signaling to their advantage in their viral life cycle. Both Ephs and ephrins have been shown to serve as entry receptors for a variety of viruses, via both membrane fusion and endocytosis. Ephs and ephrins are also involved in viral transmission by vectors, associated with viral replication or persistence and lastly to neurological damage caused by viral infection. Although therapeutic opportunities targeting Ephs or ephrins do not seem feasible yet, the current research does propose two models for the viral usage of ephrin-Eph signaling. Firstly, the viral entry model, in which membrane molecules are used for viral entry, leading to cells being used for replication or as a transporter. Secondly, the advantageous expression ephrin-Eph signaling model, where viruses adapt the expression of Ephs or ephrins to change cell-cell interaction to their advantage. These models can guide future research questions on the usage of Ephs or ephrins by viruses and therapeutic opportunities.
- Published
- 2020
34. The identification and function of a Netrin-1 mutation in a pedigree with premature atherosclerosis
- Author
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G. Kees Hovingh, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Dianne Vreeken, Marit J. van Gils, Jorge Peter, Huayu Zhang, Janine M. van Gils, Caroline S. Bruikman, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Graduate School, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, AII - Inflammatory diseases, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, and Vascular Medicine
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Inflammation ,Gene knockdown ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cell adhesion molecule ,Chemistry ,Macrophages ,Wild type ,Cell migration ,Endothelial function ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Netrin-1 ,Atherosclerosis ,Monocytes ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Western blot ,Netrin ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Receptor - Abstract
Background and aims Neuroimmune guidance cues have been shown to play a role in atherosclerosis, but their exact role in human pathophysiology is largely unknown. In the current study, we investigated the role of a c.1769G > T variant in Netrin-1 in (premature) atherosclerosis. Methods To determine the effect of the genetic variation, purified Netrin-1, either wild type (wtNetrin-1) or the patient observed variation (mutNetrin-1), was used for migration, adhesion, endothelial barrier function and bindings assays. Expression of adhesion molecules and transcription proteins was analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot or ELISA. To further delineate how mutNetrin-1 mediates its effect on cell migration, lenti-viral knockdown of UNC5B or DCC was used. Results Bindings assays revealed a decreased binding capacity of mutNetrin-1 to the receptors UNC5B, DCC and β3-integrin and an increased binding capacity to neogenin, heparin and heparan sulfate compared to wtNetrin-1. Exposure of endothelial cells to mutNetrin-1 resulted in enhanced monocyte adhesion and expression of IL-6, CCL2 and ICAM-1 compared to wtNetrin-1. In addition, mutNetrin-1 lacks the inhibitory effect on the NF-κB pathway that is observed for wtNetrin-1. Moreover, the presence of mutNetrin-1 diminished migration of macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Importantly, UNC5B or DCC specific knockdown showed that mutNetrin-1 is unable to act through DCC resulting in enhanced inhibition of migration. Conclusions Our data demonstrates that mutNetrin-1 fails to exert anti-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells and more strongly blocks macrophage migration compared to wtNetrin-1, suggesting that the carriers of this genetic molecular variant may well be at risk for premature atherosclerosis.
- Published
- 2020
35. EPH receptor B2 stimulates human monocyte adhesion and migration independently of its EphrinB ligands
- Author
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Stefan Martinus Leonardus Cox, Janine M. van Gils, Dianne Vreeken, Caroline S. Bruikman, Angela Koudijs, Huayu Zhang, Gerard K Hovingh, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Reshma A. Lalai, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Graduate School, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, and Vascular Medicine
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Receptor, EphB2 ,Immunology ,Stimulation ,Ephrin-B2 ,Cell Communication ,Ephrin-B1 ,Biology ,Receptors, Signal Transduction & Genes ,Ligands ,monocyte‐endothelial interaction ,EPH receptor B2 ,Monocytes ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,medicine ,Cell Adhesion ,Immunology and Allergy ,Ephrin ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,Receptor ,EPH signaling ,Monocyte ,Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptor ,Endothelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,Plaque, Atherosclerotic ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ,monocyte-endothelial interaction ,Immunohistochemistry ,atherosclerosis - Abstract
The molecular basis of atherosclerosis is not fully understood and mice studies have shown that Ephrins and EPH receptors play a role in the atherosclerotic process. We set out to assess the role for monocytic EPHB2 and its Ephrin ligands in human atherosclerosis and show a role for EPHB2 in monocyte functions independently of its EphrinB ligands. Immunohistochemical staining of human aortic sections at different stages of atherosclerosis showed that EPHB2 and its ligand EphrinB are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and that expression proportionally increases with plaque severity. Functionally, stimulation with EPHB2 did not affect endothelial barrier function, nor did stimulation with EphrinB1 or EphrinB2 affect monocyte‐endothelial interactions. In contrast, reduced expression of EPHB2 in monocytes resulted in decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and a decrease in monocyte transmigration, mediated by an altered morphology and a decreased ability to phosphorylate FAK. Our results suggest that EPHB2 expression in monocytes results in monocyte accumulation by virtue of an increase of transendothelial migration, which can subsequently contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression., Graphical Abstract EPHB2 expression in monocytes promotes monocyte accumulation by increasing monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration; subsequently, this can contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression.
- Published
- 2020
36. Experimental investigation on turbulent rotating thermal convection at large Rayleigh numbers
- Author
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Eberhard Bodenschatz, Dennis P. M. van Gils, Marcel Wedi, Guenter Ahlers, and Stephan Weiss
- Subjects
Physics ,symbols.namesake ,Convective heat transfer ,Turbulence ,symbols ,Mechanics ,Rayleigh scattering - Abstract
Thermal convection is of major importance in various astro- and geophysical systems, exemplary are buoyancy driven flows in the atmosphere or in the stellar interior. It has been studied for decades in an idealized model system - the Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) - which consists of a horizontal fluid layer heated at the bottom and cooled at the top. Within the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation this system is controlled by two parameters only. These are the Rayleigh number (Ra), which represents the thermal driving and the Prandtl number (Pr) that relates the momentum and thermal diffusivities of the fluid. Convection flows in geo- and astrophysics are often influenced by Coriolis forces due to the rotation of the planet or the star. In RBC-system, Coriolis forces are introduced by rotating the convection cell around its vertical axis. The rotation is expressed by an additional dimensionless control parameter, i.e., the inverse Rossby number 1/Ro. We study experimentally the influence of rotation on the heat transport and the temperature field at very large Ra in the High Pressure Convection Facility (HPCF) in Göttingen. The facility consists of a cylindrical cell of 1.10m diameter and 2.20m height that is filled with pressurized sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) at up to 19bar. The height of the cell and the large density of SF6 enable us to reach very large Ra (up to 8×1014) at 0.74We find a monotonic decrease of the heat transport with increasing rotation rate. Furthermore, we measure quantities of the flow close to the lateral side walls of the convection cylinder. For large rotation rates we analyze this as part of the recently proposed “Boundary Zonal Flow” (BZF), where the vertical heat transport is enhanced and warm (cold) up (down) flow self-organizes in a periodic manner. In the experiment we observe the BZF most notably in the probability density function of the temperature, which develops a bimodal Gaussian distribution. We also find that the periodic warm-cold structure drifts in anti-cyclonic direction and thus form traveling waves of the temperature field.
- Published
- 2020
37. Targeting the RNA-binding protein QKI in myeloid cells ameliorates macrophage-induced renal interstitial fibrosis
- Author
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Ton J. Rabelink, Hendrik J. P. van der Zande, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Ruben G. de Bruin, Roel Bijkerk, Stéphane Richard, Gillian Vogel, Hetty C. de Boer, Eric P. van der Veer, Jurriën Prins, J. Duijs, and Janine M. van Gils
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Myeloid ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,RNA-binding protein ,lcsh:Medicine ,macrophage ,Biology ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quaking ,alternative splicing ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fibrosis ,Gene expression ,Genetics ,medicine ,Macrophage ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Post-transcriptional regulation ,mouse ,Kidney ,lcsh:R ,Alternative splicing ,Glomerulosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,kidney diseases ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,post-transcriptional regulation - Abstract
In the pathophysiologic setting of acute and chronic kidney injury, the excessive activation and recruitment of blood-borne monocytes prompts their differentiation into inflammatory macrophages, a process that leads to progressive glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Importantly, this differentiation of monocytes into macrophages requires the meticulous coordination of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. The transcriptomes of these cells are ultimately determined by RNA-binding proteins such as QUAKING (QKI), that define their pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA transcript patterns. Using two mouse models, namely (1) quaking viable mice (qkv) and (2) the conditional deletion in the myeloid cell lineage using the lysozyme 2-Cre (QKIFL/FL, LysM-Cre mice), we demonstrate that the abrogation of QKI expression in the myeloid cell lineage reduces macrophage infiltration following kidney injury induced by unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO). The qkv and QKIFL/FL, LysM-Cre mice both showed significant diminished interstitial collagen deposition and fibrosis in the UUO-damaged kidney, as compared to wild-type littermates. We show that macrophages isolated from QKIFL/FL, LysM-Cre mice are associated with defects in pre-mRNA splicing. Our findings demonstrate that reduced expression of the alternative splice regulator QKI in the cells of myeloid lineage attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis, suggesting that inhibition of this splice regulator may be of therapeutic value for certain kidney diseases.
- Published
- 2020
38. Boundary Zonal Flow in Rotating Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection
- Author
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Eberhard Bodenschatz, Guenter Ahlers, Robert E. Ecke, Susanne Horn, Marcel Wedi, Dennis P. M. van Gils, Lukas Zwirner, Stephan Weiss, Xuan Zhang, Olga Shishkina, and Physics of Fluids
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Convection ,Physics ,Turbulence ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Boundary (topology) ,Mechanics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Rotation ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Circulation (fluid dynamics) ,0103 physical sciences ,Zonal flow ,Ekman number ,010306 general physics ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Rayleigh–Bénard convection - Abstract
For rapidly rotating turbulent Rayleigh--B\'enard convection in a slender cylindrical cell, experiments and direct numerical simulations reveal a boundary zonal flow (BZF) that replaces the classical large-scale circulation. The BZF is located near the vertical side wall and enables enhanced heat transport there. Although the azimuthal velocity of the BZF is cyclonic (in the rotating frame), the temperature is an anticyclonic traveling wave of mode one whose signature is a bimodal temperature distribution near the radial boundary. The BZF width is found to scale like $Ra^{1/4}Ek^{2/3}$ where the Ekman number $Ek$ decreases with increasing rotation rate.
- Published
- 2020
39. Endothelial semaphorin 3F maintains endothelial barrier function and inhibits monocyte migration
- Author
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Abidemi Junaid, Wendy M.P.J. Sol, Janine M. van Gils, Gangqi Wang, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Ruben G. de Bruin, Huayu Zhang, and Dianne Vreeken
- Subjects
Nervous system ,Angiogenesis ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,semaphorin ,Article ,Catalysis ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Mediator ,Immune system ,Semaphorin ,Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ,medicine ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Barrier function ,Inflammation ,Chemistry ,Monocyte ,Organic Chemistry ,endothelial cells ,monocytes ,Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration ,Membrane Proteins ,General Medicine ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,HEK293 Cells ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Endothelium, Vascular ,Homeostasis - Abstract
In normal physiology, endothelial cells (ECs) form a vital barrier between the blood and underlying tissue controlling leukocyte diapedesis and vascular inflammation. Emerging data suggest that neuronal guidance cues, typically expressed during development, have roles outside the nervous system in vascular biology and immune responses. In particular, Class III semaphorins have been reported to affect EC migration and angiogenesis. While ECs express high levels of semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F), little is known about its function in mature ECs. Here we show that SEMA3F expression is reduced by inflammatory stimuli and increased by laminar flow. Endothelial cells exposed to laminar flow secrete SEMA3F, which subsequently binds to heparan sulfates on the surface of ECs. However, under pro-inflammatory conditions, reduced levels of SEMA3F make ECs more prone to monocyte diapedesis and display impaired barrier function as measured with an electric cell–substrate impedance sensing system and a microfluidic system. In addition, we demonstrate that SEMA3F can directly inhibit the migration of activated monocytes. Taken together, our data suggest an important homeostatic function for EC-expressed SEMA3F, serving as a mediator of endothelial quiescence.
- Published
- 2020
40. Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein
- Author
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Ruben G, de Bruin, Gillian, Vogel, Jurrien, Prins, Jacques M J G, Duijs, Roel, Bijkerk, Hendrik J P, van der Zande, Janine M, van Gils, Hetty C, de Boer, Ton J, Rabelink, Anton Jan, van Zonneveld, Eric P, van der Veer, and Stéphane, Richard
- Subjects
Quaking ,alternative splicing ,RNA-binding protein ,macrophage ,kidney diseases ,Article ,mouse ,post-transcriptional regulation - Abstract
In the pathophysiologic setting of acute and chronic kidney injury, the excessive activation and recruitment of blood-borne monocytes prompts their differentiation into inflammatory macrophages, a process that leads to progressive glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Importantly, this differentiation of monocytes into macrophages requires the meticulous coordination of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. The transcriptomes of these cells are ultimately determined by RNA-binding proteins such as QUAKING (QKI), that define their pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA transcript patterns. Using two mouse models, namely (1) quaking viable mice (qkv) and (2) the conditional deletion in the myeloid cell lineage using the lysozyme 2-Cre (QKIFL/FL;LysM-Cre mice), we demonstrate that the abrogation of QKI expression in the myeloid cell lineage reduces macrophage infiltration following kidney injury induced by unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO). The qkv and QKIFL/FL;LysM-Cre mice both showed significant diminished interstitial collagen deposition and fibrosis in the UUO-damaged kidney, as compared to wild-type littermates. We show that macrophages isolated from QKIFL/FL;LysM-Cre mice are associated with defects in pre-mRNA splicing. Our findings demonstrate that reduced expression of the alternative splice regulator QKI in the cells of myeloid lineage attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis, suggesting that inhibition of this splice regulator may be of therapeutic value for certain kidney diseases.
- Published
- 2020
41. Netrin-1 and the Grade of Atherosclerosis Are Inversely Correlated in Humans
- Author
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Janine M. van Gils, Sara Joan Pinto-Sietsma, G. Kees Hovingh, Caroline S. Bruikman, Ibrahim Danad, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Dianne Vreeken, Michiel J. Bom, Paul Knaapen, Renate M. Hoogeveen, Erik S.G. Stroes, Graduate School, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Vascular Medicine, Epidemiology and Data Science, Experimental Vascular Medicine, APH - Methodology, and Cardiology
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Risk ,Endothelium ,Computed Tomography Angiography ,Inflammation ,Coronary Artery Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Biology ,Coronary Angiography ,Monocyte ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,Netrin ,medicine ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Netrin-1 ,Prognosis ,Atherosclerosis ,Coronary Vessels ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Objective: Netrin-1 has been shown to play a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis in mice models. However, little is known about the role of Netrin-1 in humans. We set out to study whether Netrin-1 is associated with different stages of atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Plasma Netrin-1 levels were measured in different patient cohorts: (1) 22 patients with high cardiovascular risk who underwent arterial wall inflammation assessment using positron-emission tomography / computed tomography, (2) 168 patients with a positive family history of premature atherosclerosis in whom coronary artery calcium scores were obtained, and (3) 104 patients with chest pain who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography imaging to evaluate plaque vulnerability and burden. Netrin-1 plasma levels were negatively correlated with arterial wall inflammation (β, −0.01 [95% CI, 0.02 to −0.01] R 2 , 0.61; P P P =0.511). However, Netrin-1 plasma levels were negatively correlated to total plaque volume (β, −0.09 [95% CI, −0.11 to −0.08] R 2 , 0.57, P R 2 , 0.53; P R 2 , 0.41; P ConclusionS: Netrin-1 plasma levels are lower in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis and in patients with arterial wall inflammation. Netrin-1 is not associated with plaque vulnerability; however, it is negatively correlated to plaque burden, suggesting that Netrin-1 is involved in some, but not all, stages of atherosclerosis.
- Published
- 2020
42. Recurrent pericarditis as an extra‐intestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis in a 14‐year‐old girl
- Author
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Ann J. M. Van Gils, Jan A. J. M. Taminiau, Fabienne Marchau, Sandra van Gijlswijk, Els Van de Vijver, Academic Medical Center, and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Case Report ,Case Reports ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pericarditis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,recurrent pericarditis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mesalazine ,medicine ,Girl ,media_common ,business.industry ,ulcerative Colitis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Ulcerative colitis ,Dermatology ,pediatric ,chemistry ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Human medicine ,Recurrent pericarditis ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,business ,Complication - Abstract
Key Clinical Message Pericarditis is a known complication of mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. This case study illustrates that after diagnostic work-up, pericarditis should not always be attributed to the use of mesalazine. It may be the presentation of an extra-intestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis. Restarting of mesalazine should be considered.
- Published
- 2018
43. Disruption of circadian rhythm by alternating light-dark cycles aggravates atherosclerosis development in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice
- Author
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Tom Deboer, Debbie van Baarle, Ko Willems van Dijk, Nienke R. Biermasz, Teun Guichelaar, Linda W. M. van Kerkhof, Patrick C.N. Rensen, Laura A Bosmans, Maaike Schilperoort, Margreet R. de Vries, Johanna H. Meijer, Martijn E.T. Dollé, Rosa van den Berg, Dianne Vreeken, Noortje A. M. Smits, Sander Kooijman, Lotte Koemans, Bram van Os, Jimmy F.P. Berbée, Esther Lutgens, Janine M. van Gils, Graduate School, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, AII - Inflammatory diseases, and Medical Biochemistry
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Apolipoprotein E ,circadian rhythm ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemokine ,Photoperiod ,Apolipoprotein E3 ,Inflammation ,Mice, Transgenic ,chemokines ,medicine.disease_cause ,Melatonin ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Animals ,Circadian rhythm ,Aorta ,biology ,business.industry ,Macrophages ,Original Articles ,Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,Diet, Western ,inflammation ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,Female ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,atherosclerosis ,business ,monocytes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythm by means of shift work has been associated with cardiovascular disease in humans. However, causality and underlying mechanisms have not yet been established. In this study, we exposed hyperlipidemic APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice to either regular light-dark cycles, weekly 6 hours phase advances or delays, or weekly alternating light-dark cycles (12 hours shifts), as a well-established model for shift work. We found that mice exposed to 15 weeks of alternating light-dark cycles displayed a striking increase in atherosclerosis, with an approximately twofold increase in lesion size and severity, while mice exposed to phase advances and delays showed a milder circadian disruption and no significant effect on atherosclerosis development. We observed a higher lesion macrophage content in mice exposed to alternating light-dark cycles without obvious changes in plasma lipids, suggesting involvement of the immune system. Moreover, while no changes in the number or activation status of circulating monocytes and other immune cells were observed, we identified increased markers for inflammation, oxidative stress, and chemoattraction in the vessel wall. Altogether, this is the first study to show that circadian disruption by shifting light-dark cycles directly aggravates atherosclerosis development.
- Published
- 2019
44. Twente mass and heat transfer water tunnel: Temperature controlled turbulent multiphase channel flow with heat and mass transfer
- Author
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Sander G. Huisman, Dennis P. M. van Gils, Biljana Gvozdić, Detlef Lohse, Chao Sun, Gert Wim H. Bruggert, On Yu Dung, Elise Alméras, Physics of Fluids, University of Twente [Netherlands], Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Mechanics - JMBC (GERMANY), Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung - MPIFG (GERMANY), Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme - MPIPKS (NETHERLANDS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Tsinghua University (CHINA), University of Twente (NETHERLANDS), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
- Subjects
Materials science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Two-phase flow ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Stainless steel ,[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,[CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering ,Particle tracking velocimetry ,0103 physical sciences ,Heat transfer ,Génie chimique ,Mass transfer ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Génie des procédés ,Instrumentation ,Channel flow ,010302 applied physics ,Multiphase flow ,Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) ,Mechanics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Open-channel flow ,Turbulence ,Flow visualisation ,Heat flux ,Water tunnel ,Particle image velocimetry ,Laser Doppler anemometry ,[SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph] ,Bubbles ,Mass fraction - Abstract
A new vertical water tunnel with global temperature control and the possibility for bubble and local heat & mass injection has been designed and constructed. The new facility offers the possibility to accurately study heat and mass transfer in turbulent multiphase flow (gas volume fraction up to $8\%$) with a Reynolds-number range from $1.5 \times 10^4$ to $3 \times 10^5$ in the case of water at room temperature. The tunnel is made of high-grade stainless steel permitting the use of salt solutions in excess of 15$\%$ mass fraction. The tunnel has a volume of 300 liters. The tunnel has three interchangeable measurement sections of $1$ m height but with different cross sections ($0.3 \times 0.04 m^2$, $0.3 \times 0.06 m^2$, $0.3 \times 0.08 m^2$). The glass vertical measurement sections allow for optical access to the flow, enabling techniques such as laser Doppler anemometry, particle image velocimetry, particle tracking velocimetry, and laser-induced fluorescent imaging. Local sensors can be introduced from the top and can be traversed using a built-in traverse system, allowing for e.g. local temperature, hot-wire, or local phase measurements. Combined with simultaneous velocity measurements, the local heat flux in single phase and two phase turbulent flows can thus be studied quantitatvely and precisely.
- Published
- 2019
45. Netrin Family: Role for Protein Isoforms in Cancer
- Author
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Anneli Maite Kemper, Janine M. van Gils, Caroline S. Bruikman, and Huayu Zhang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Gene isoform ,animal structures ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Angiogenesis ,Morphogenesis ,Review Article ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Netrin ,medicine ,lcsh:QD415-436 ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Alternative splicing ,fungi ,Cancer ,Cell migration ,medicine.disease ,Cell biology ,lcsh:Genetics ,030104 developmental biology ,nervous system ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,embryonic structures - Abstract
Netrins form a family of secreted and membrane-associated proteins. Netrins are involved in processes for axonal guidance, morphogenesis, and angiogenesis by regulating cell migration and survival. These processes are of special interest in tumor biology. From the netrin genes various isoforms are translated and regulated by alternative splicing. We review here the diversity of isoforms of the netrin family members and their known and potential roles in cancer.
- Published
- 2018
46. Silencing of microRNA-132 reduces renal fibrosis by selectively inhibiting myofibroblast proliferation
- Author
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Jacques M.G.J. Duijs, Ton J. Rabelink, Ruben G. de Bruin, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Benjamin D. Humphreys, Eric P. van der Veer, Roel Bijkerk, Coen van Solingen, and Janine M. van Gils
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Kidney ,Cell Line ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Transforming Growth Factor beta ,Fibrosis ,microRNA ,medicine ,Renal fibrosis ,Animals ,Humans ,Gene silencing ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Myofibroblasts ,Cell Proliferation ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Antagomirs ,Epithelial Cells ,Fibroblasts ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Actins ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,MicroRNAs ,Kidney Tubules ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nephrology ,FOXO3 ,Cancer research ,RNA Interference ,Collagen ,Pericytes ,Myofibroblast ,chronic kidney disease ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is associated with progressive renal fibrosis, where perivascular cells give rise to the majority of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive myofibroblasts. Here we sought to identify pericytic miRNAs that could serve as a target to decrease myofibroblast formation. Kidney fibrosis was induced in FoxD1-GC;Z/Red-mice by unilateral ureteral obstruction followed by FACS sorting of dsRed-positive FoxD1-derivative cells and miRNA profiling. MiR-132 selectively increased 21-fold during pericyte-to-myofibroblast formation, whereas miR-132 was only 2.5-fold up in total kidney lysates (both in obstructive and ischemia-reperfusion injury). MiR-132 silencing during obstruction decreased collagen deposition (35%) and tubular apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and qRT-PCR confirmed a similar decrease in interstitial α-SMA + cells. Pathway analysis identified a rate-limiting role for miR-132 in myofibroblast proliferation that was confirmed in vitro . Indeed, antagomir-132–treated mice displayed a reduction in the number of proliferating Ki67 + interstitial myofibroblasts. Interestingly, this was selective for the interstitial compartment and did not impair the reparative proliferation of tubular epithelial cells, as evidenced by an increase in Ki67 + epithelial cells, as well as increased phospho-RB1, Cyclin-A and decreased RASA1, p21 levels in kidney lysates. Additional pathway and gene expression analyses suggest miR-132 coordinately regulates genes involved in TGF-β signaling (Smad2/Smad3), STAT3/ERK pathways, and cell proliferation (Foxo3/p300). Thus, silencing miR-132 counteracts the progression of renal fibrosis by selectively decreasing myofibroblast proliferation and could potentially serve as a novel antifibrotic therapy.
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- 2016
47. Experimental investigation of heat transport in homogeneous bubbly flow
- Author
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Varghese Mathai, Dennis P. M. van Gils, Biljana Gvozdić, Roberto Verzicco, Detlef Lohse, Sander G. Huisman, Chao Sun, Xiaojue Zhu, Elise Alméras, University of Twente [Netherlands], Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Tsinghua University (CHINA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'Tor Vergata' (ITALY), University of Twente (NETHERLANDS), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), Physics of Fluids, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
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Materials science ,Gas/liquid flows ,Bubble ,UT-Hybrid-D ,Mixing (process engineering) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Settore ING-IND/06 ,gas/liquid flows ,multiphase and particle-laden flows ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,symbols.namesake ,[CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering ,Multiphase and particle-laden flows ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermal ,Heat transfer ,Génie chimique ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Génie des procédés ,010306 general physics ,Bubbly flows ,Natural convection ,Mechanical Engineering ,Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) ,Reynolds number ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Rayleigh number ,Mechanics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Nusselt number ,Mechanics of Materials ,symbols ,Experiments ,Bubble column - Abstract
We present results on the global and local characterisation of heat transport in homogeneous bubbly flow. Experimental measurements were performed with and without the injection of $\sim 2.5$ mm diameter bubbles (corresponding to $Re_b \approx 600$) in a rectangular water column heated from one side and cooled from the other. The gas volume fraction $\alpha$ was varied in the range $0\% - 5\%$, and the Rayleigh number $Ra_H$ in the range $4.0 \times 10^9 - 1.2 \times 10^{11}$. We find that the global heat transfer is enhanced up to 20 times due to bubble injection. Interestingly, for bubbly flow, for our lowest concentration $\alpha = 0.5\% $ onwards, the Nusselt number $\overline{Nu}$ is nearly independent of $Ra_H$, and depends solely on the gas volume fraction~$\alpha$. We observe the scaling $\overline{Nu} \propto \alpha^{0.45}$, which is suggestive of a diffusive transport mechanism. Through local temperature measurements, we show that the bubbles induce a huge increase in the strength of liquid temperature fluctuations, e.g. by a factor of 200 for $\alpha = 0.9\%$. Further, we compare the power spectra of the temperature fluctuations for the single- and two-phase cases. In the single-phase cases, most of the spectral power of the temperature fluctuations is concentrated in the large-scale rolls. However, with the injection of bubbles, we observe intense fluctuations over a wide range of scales, extending up to very high frequencies. Thus, while in the single-phase flow the thermal boundary layers control the heat transport, once the bubbles are injected, the bubble-induced liquid agitation governs the process from a very small bubble concentration onwards., Comment: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (accepted)
- Published
- 2018
48. Abstract 213: Human Genetic Variations in Neuroimmune Guidance Cues and their Role in Premature Atherosclerosis
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Caroline S Bruikman, Dianne Vreeken, Julian C van Capelleveen, Huayu Zhang, Sara J Pinto-Sietsma, Geesje M Dallinga-Thie, G. K Hovingh, and Janine M van Gils
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medicine.anatomical_structure ,Premature atherosclerosis ,Endothelium ,Genetic variation ,Neuronal migration ,medicine ,Biology ,Gene mutation ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Introduction: Neuroimmune guidance cues (NGCs), a family of proteins originally known for controlling neuronal migration, have been shown to be involved in atherosclerosis in mice models by regulating adhesion of monocytes to the vascular endothelium. The NGC family consists of multiple receptors and ligands enabling an interplay between inflammatory cells and the vasculature endothelium. We set out to investigate the role of NGCs in atherosclerosis in humans. Methods and results: We sequenced a total of 77 NGC genes in a unique cohort of 89 patients with premature atherosclerotic (PAS), in whom no clear CVD risk factor was present. A total of 178 rare variants were identified and we classified the pathogenicity of these rare (MAF Conclusion: In patients with PAS rare missense variants in NGC genes were identified. Further functional- and expression assays showed an effect of NTN1 and EFNB2 on different aspects of the human atherosclerotic process. The results obtained from these studies substantiate the role of NGCs in human atherosclerotic disease and may further identify NGCs as novel potential therapeutic targets in our strive against cardiovascular disease.
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- 2018
49. Abstract 584: Neuroimmune Guidance Cues Important for Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction and Monocyte to Macrophage Differentiation
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Wendy M.P.J. Sol, Huayu Zhang, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Dianne Vreeken, Caroline S. Bruikman, Janine M van Gils, and G. Kees Hovingh
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Vascular wall ,Endothelial stem cell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Macrophage differentiation ,Monocyte ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Biology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Cell biology - Abstract
Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammatory disease, characterized by the accumulation of macrophages in the vascular wall. Studies in mice showed that neuroimmune guidance cues (NGCs) are involved in atherosclerosis-related processes. In this study we aimed to determine the NGCs involved in monocyte-endothelium adhesion and transmigration, and subsequent macrophage differentiation. Methods and Results: Combining publically available gene expression data of >600 endothelial, monocytes or macrophage samples we determined the specific NGCs expressed by these cells involved in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Next, the mRNA levels of the expressed NGCs were analyzed in primary human endothelial cells and monocytes upon TNFα, IL1β or oxidized LDL stimulation (5 or 24 hours), as wells as in human monocytes differentiated into macrophages. In endothelial cells a significant (P1) downregulation was observed for NTN4, SEMA6C and PLXNA4 while a significant upregulation was observed for EFNA1, EFNB1, UNC5B, ROBO1, SEMA6D and SEMA7A upon stimulation. In monocytes a significant downregulation was detected for SEMA6B, PLXNC1, NRP1, NRP2 and EPHB6 , while SEMA7A and EPHB2 were significantly upregulated upon stimulation. These findings combined resulted in potentially interesting concurrent changes in the NGC ligand-receptor combinations; (1) endothelial PLXNA4 receptor with monocyte SEMA3A and (2) endothelial EFNB1 ligand with monocyte EPHB2 receptor. These changes seen at mRNA were validated at protein level. Remarkably, monocyte to macrophage differentiation induced a major increase and change in NGC expression levels, mainly in the SEMA family of ligands and receptors (including SEMA3G , SEMA7A, NRP1, and NRP2 ), as well as in EPHB2 as seen in monocyte stimulation. Conclusion: In conclusion, in our current study we observed a differential expression of NGC ligands and receptors in endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages, culprit cell types in atherosclerosis, once subjected to pro-atherogenic stimuli. Our findings confirm a potential role for NGCs in human atherosclerosis. The next step is to further investigate the underlying mechanism of these NGCs and their role in atherosclerosis.
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- 2018
50. Abstract 514: Netrin 4 Deficiency Leads to Endothelial Cell Senescence
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Ton J. Rabelink, Wendy M.P.J. Sol, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Mehdi Maanaoui, Eric P van der Veer, Huayu Zhang, Dianne Vreeken, Janine M van Gils, Ruben G de Bruin, and Daniëlle G. Leuning
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Endothelial stem cell ,Senescence ,Regeneration (biology) ,Netrin ,Biology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Phenotype ,Pathophysiology ,Cell biology - Abstract
Senescence phenotype of endothelial cells (ECs) has pathophysiological consequences, such as decreased regeneration capacity, pro-atherogenic tendency and dysregulated vessel tune. We find that netrin 4 (NTN4), recognized in neural and vascular development, is highly expressed by mature ECs. Remarkably, little is known about its role in vascular biology after development. NTN4 is deposited in the extracellular matrix. Using human decellularized kidney extracelluar matrix scaffolds, we found that pre-treatment of the scaffolds with NTN4 increased numbers of EC adhesion to the matrix, showing a pro-survival effect of NTN4. Subsequently we explored the regulation of NTN4 expression in ECs. We found a 1.8-fold (±0.3; p In conclusion, our results identified the anti-senescence function of NTN4 and thereby provides novel insights in the role of NTN4 in EC function. In situations like acute inflammation and unfavourable hemodynamic conditions, NTN4 expression decreases, so that there is a possible window for us to improve EC function by normalizing NTN4 expression.
- Published
- 2018
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