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X-ray diffraction, microscopic, and sorption studies of benzimidazolyl-2-methylcarbamate hydrochloride (BMCHC) with various types of pectin showed that the structure of the mixtures depends on the composition, grinding conditions, and pectin type.

Lipids from roots ofAlthaea nudifloraandA. Armeniacawere studied. The carbohydrate and fatty-acid compositions were found. The lipids ofA. NudifloraandA. Armeniacacontain 22.3 and 12.6%, respectively, of cyclopropenoid fatty acids, the physical chemical properties of which are presented. The optimal degree of grinding, temperature, and raw-material-to-extractant ratio for aqueous extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from althaea roots were chosen from a single statistically significant experiment

Some molecular and structural features of apple pectins obtained by various methods have been revealed through an analysis of the results of physical and physicochemical investigations.

Chromatophotocolorimetric and accelerated photocolorimetric methods of determining 8-O-harpagide and harpagide in the epigeal parts of the plantsL. platycalyx andL. setulosus have been developed using 8-O-acetylharpagide as the standard substance.

The content and composition of lipids, proteins, flavonoids, and carbohydrates from the aerial part of Rumex K-1 were studied.

Information is given on methods of isolating plant pectin substances from various raw-material sources, and the conditions for obtaining high-quality pectin are discussed.

A method for determining tefestrol inFerula tenuisectaroots, based on its TLC separation from accompanying substances and spectrophotometric determination, was proposed

The carbohydrate composition of tangarine peel is studied. Water-soluble carbohydrates, pectins, are isolated. Their physicochemical properties are determined. Regulation of the degree of esterification is examined.

Alcohol-soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectin substances have been isolated from melon juice pulp. The substances isolated have been studied by IR spectroscopy.

The chemical composition of the seed lipids ofAmaranthus caudatus L. has been investigated. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The hydrocarbon components ofA. caudatus have been identified and its alcohol-soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectin substances have been characterized.

Features of production and influence of the complex forming activity of low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) as a sorbent for heavy metals have been studied. Cation-exchange properties of the LMP in connection with detoxification measures in cases of chronic poisoning have been shown.

A natural source of α-tocopherol — shed plane leaves — has been found. The dynamics of the accumulation of a-tocopherol over the vegetation period of the plant has been studied, and a method has been developed for its isolation and quantitative determination.

Beet pectin has been isolated by the solid phase fermentation method; its physicochemical characteristics are given.

The partial acid hydrolysis of the homogeneous fraction C of the pectin fromEremurus regelii Vved. leaves has given a galacturonan. Its structure has been established on the basis of the results of periodate-nitric acid oxidation, methylation, and13C NMR spectroscopy.

It is known that rose fruit contains biologically active compounds (vitamins B 2, C, K, and P, carotene, organic adds, flavonoids, and tannin substances), which are responsible for healing properties [1---6], but there is no information on their carbohydrate content. We have investigated the carbohydrate composition of the fi'uit of Rosa canina. A comparative study was made of the carbohydrate compositions of the fruit (FR), of an aqueous extract (AER), and of the pulp remaining after the production of the preparation Kholam~ (PR). As a result we found the compositions of the alcohol-soluble fraction (ASF), of the water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPSs), and of the pectin substances (PSs) (Table 1). The commintlted air--dry raw material (FR and PR) was treated with 82% alcohol (1:2) twice for 1 h each time at the boil, and the combined extracts were concentrated, giving the total ASF (Table 1). By paper chromatography of the ASF of the FR (system 1, butan-l-olmpyridine---water (6:4:3), Ffltrak FN-11 paper) we detected glucose and sucrose. The WSPSs were extracted with water at 20~ twice for 2 h each. The extracts were evaporated under vacuum and were precipitated with isopropyl alcohol (1:2) (see Table 1). The precipitate of WSPSs formed a light cream-colored water-soluble powder giving a negative reaction for starch with iodine. The aqueous extract from the rose was precipitated with alcohol. The supernatant liquid was evaporated, the yield of ASF was determined (9.1%), and this was separated preparatively by PC for the quantitative determination of glucose (63.1% ) and fructose (35.2%). The precipitate obtained was treated with water at 20~ for 2 h, giving the WSPSs (1.69% on the raw material). The insoluble part consisted of the pectin substances (0.47% on the raw material). In the products of complete acid hydrolysis ( 1 N H2SO 4, 36 h) of the FR and AER we detected (PC, system 1) glucose and fructose in mounts of 2.1, 97.8 and 3.7, 96.2%, respectively.

Water-soluble pigments have been isolated from the epigeal parts of some Amaranthaceae species. A method for their production has been developed and the amounts of the main coloring substances in them have been determined. Protein components have been isolated by the subsequent treatment of the residual raw material, and their amino acid compositions have been determined.

The composition of the fruiting body ofPleurotus ostreatus has been studied. The total neutral lipids and phospholipids have been isolated. In the neutral lipids, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and sterol and triterpenol esters predominated. In the phospholipids, the main components were phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines. The qualitative compositions of the sugars and the pectin are given.

Substances of iridoid nature identified as harpagide and 8-O-acetylharpigide have been isolated from the herbAjuga turkestanica. A procedure for the quantitative chromatographic determination of iridoids in the raw material has been developed.

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative separate determination of the total flavonones and isoflavones when they are present together in an extract ofThermopsis alterniflora.

The carbohydrate compositions of all the organs ofAllium suvorovii Rgl have been determined and it has been established that the bulk of the fructose accumulates in its bulbs. The dynamics of the accumulation of glucofructans in the bulbs has been studied and it has been found that this accumulation is a maximum in the dormancy stage.

The pectin substances of the beet extracted by solutions of hydrochloric and nitric acids were more highly methoxylated than those extracted by oxalic acid. The galacturonic acid contents of the PcSs scarcely differed, with the exception of the PcSs extracted by the H2C204 solution. All the beet PcSs contained acetyl groups and a predominating amount of carboxy groups, in contrast to apple and citrus pectins. These factors were responsible for the low gelling power of the beet pectin and for its capacity for sorbing heavy-metal ions. The monosaccharide compositions of all the PcSs were identical, as could be seen from an analysis of their hydrolysates (2 N H2SO4, 48 h). In all the hydrolysates, PC (butanol-pyridine-water (6:4:3)) revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, and traces of glucose, which is characteristic for the class of pectin substances. After the extraction of the PcSs, we extracted hemicellulose (HMC) with a 10% caustic soda solution. The yield of polysaccharide was 2.21%. GalUA, Ara, Gal, Xyl, and Rha were detected in a hydrolysate by PC. Thus, pectin substances and hemiceUulose have been extracted from the pulp of local varieties of sugar beet. A physicochemical characterization of the PcSs has been made, and the monosaccharide compositions of the beet pectin and hemicellulose have been determined.

The solubility of raffinose in various solvents has been studied. The influence of several factors on the process of extracting raffinose from cottonseed meal has been investigated. The optimum conditions of the extraction process have been established.

The seeds of the cotton plant are an important source of food protein. The presence of gossypol in the seeds limits the use of protein isolates as additives to food products. The use of salt and alkaline solutions for extracting the proteins leads to the formation of isolates with relatively high gossypol constants. Extraction in an acid medium permits the presence of the toxin to be excluded. In this process, a number of problems arise which are connected with the presence of a large amount of phytin (about 5%) in the seeds of the cotton plant. The latter affects both the yield of food protein on extraction and functional properties. A method is proposed for eliminating traces of phytin from an acid isolate. A substantial influence of phytin on the properties of the proteins has been observed in those cases where the latter is strongly bound to the proteins at acid pH values.

It has been shown that a cotton seed protein isolate obtained by extraction with acid possesses a high emulsifying activity. The level of activity depends substantially on the pH of the medium and the method of precipitating the proteins. The stability of an emulsion obtained on the basis of the cottonseed isolated studied depends on its solubility.

A method for extracting protein in a weakly acid medium has been developed which ensures, apart from a satisfactory yield and a good-quality main product, the isolation of a valuable medicinal preparation — phytin.

The results are given of a study of the extraction and precipitation of tomato seed protein. Some physicochemical properties and the amino acid composition of tomato seed protein has been studied. Under laboratory conditions 11% of protein on the weight of the initial seeds was obtained.

The course of production has been monitored over the stages of the technological process with the aim of identifying the main losses of raffinose. The fractions were analyzed by a chromato-photometric method. It was established that the main losses of raffinose took place at the stage of purifying the crude extract with gasoline and in crystallization. The composition of the wastes from the production of raffinose has been studied and possible methods for utilizing them have been found.

A method for the chromatophotocolorimetric determination of erysimoside in raw material is given which has been made the basis of the analytical control of its production.

1. The possibility of using ion-exchange resins for the purification of extracts in the isolation of cardiac glycosides has been shown.

1. The solubility of the glycosides of potherb jute in various solvents has been studied. 2. The conditions for the purification of the extract from sugars and hydrophobic substances and of the extraction of olitoriside from aqueous solutions with organic solvents have been investigated. 3. A method of obtaining olitoriside, which gives a higher yield of the material, is proposed.

The optimum condition for the precipitation of the protein from an extract obtained by treating cottonseed meal with 5% NH4Cl is its precipitation at room temperature with 10% HCl at pH 3–3.5.

A method has been developed for isolating phytin from the waste material (mother solution after the precipitation of protein) obtained in the production of fodder protein from cottonseed meal.