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[ES]: The present paper is focused on five relic wild grapevine populations within Huelva province (SW Europe, Spain) prospected between 2015¿2017. One microvinification was carried out in each population. Data indicate that the ethanol concentration varies between 10.4 and 13.4 v/v. The color intensity is situated between 14.6 and 17.6 and the pH between 3.26¿3.27. These constitute suitable values for red wines under Mediterranean climatology. On the other hand the age of cultivated waterlogged grapevine seeds found in an excavation in the down town of Huelva city, using a radiocarbon procedure, was 2,795 ± 30 years B.P. This antiquity agrees with that calculated according the style of the ceramic rests to contain wine from Sardinian origin accompanying the pips, found in the same archaeological stratum. Tridimensional measures of these pips were compared with other from wild origin in order to establish differences between both groups., [EN]: The present paper is focused on five relic wild grapevine populations within Huelva province (SW Europe, Spain) prospected between 2015–2017. One microvinification was carried out in each population. Data indicate that the ethanol concentration varies between 10.4 and 13.4 v/v. The color intensity is situated between 14.6 and 17.6 and the pH between 3.26–3.27. These constitute suitable values for red wines under Mediterranean climatology. On the other hand the age of cultivated waterlogged grapevine seeds found in an excavation in the down town of Huelva city, using a radiocarbon procedure, was 2,795 ± 30 years B.P. This antiquity agrees with that calculated according the style of the ceramic rests to contain wine from Sardinian origin accompanying the pips, found in the same archaeological stratum. Tridimensional measures of these pips were compared with other from wild origin in order to establish differences between both groups.

The stone artefact in the hut γ of the NuragheGenna Maria, object of this study, is part of a compound still unpublished today and dated to the Nuragic period. It was found during a 1991 excavation, revealing a situation unchanged since the collapse occurred between the 10th and 9th century B.C., thus preserving the situation at the time of the collapse to this day. The presence of tartaric acid - the marker considered to determinate the presence of wines or products deriving from grapes - has been determined using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-HQOMS. So the findings under examination, together with the overall evaluation of the archaeological aspects examined, suggests to positively consider the stone artifact as a "laccus" (the latin word for wine presses, still used in the Sardinian language today ) for grape crushing. The internal slope of the floor of the "laccus" allowed the extraction of juice with rapid separation of juice from berry skins. The presence in Sardinia of a large number of "stone wine presses" ("palmenti" in Italian) such as that of the Nuraghe Genna Maria studied in this article, brings a contribution to their dating and confirm the existence of an oenological industry on the island in the Archaic period (9th-10th century B.C.)., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 59 No. 3 (2020): Vitis

6 páginas.- 2 figuras.- 3 tablas.- 28 referencias, This paper is focused on 21 relic wild grapevine populations within Huelva province (SW Europe, Spain) prospected between 2015-2017. Position of each popu lation along river-bank forests, types of flower of this dioecious subspecies and morphology of the pollen grains were described. Analyses of five microvinifications were carried out, which indicate that the color intensity of the wines is between 14.6 and 17.6 and the pH between 3.26-3.27, which are suitable values for red wines under Mediterranean climatology. A list of the accompanying vegetation and the cultivated varieties in the "Condado de Huelva" Registered Appellation Origin Mark were also included. Moreover, the genetic diversity of 23 vines was characterized using 25 nuclear SSR loci, the results showed a slightly higher diversity than the one found in Iberian cultivars. However, the observed heterozygosity was significantly lower than the expected one for wild populations in the Huelva province. The inbreeding depression in these wild grape populations is suggested by the positive F values. Therefore, the conservation of this unique germplasm collection should be part of the process of maintaining the genetic diversity in this gene pool, especially, taking into account that no particular legal figure of preservation exists in Spain. © The author(s).

16 páginas.-- 20 figuras.-- 64 referencias, [EN]: The present article, focused on the Eurasian wild grapevine, the dioecious parental of the present cultivars, shows the ancient uses of this vine in the past and its importance as a plant genetic resource in the genetic improvement of existing varieties and to reduce the loss of agrodiversity in the vineyard. It also includes its main natural habitats, its main ampelographic features and the parasites that affect it. Finally, it remarks the main taxon, lacking a legal figure of preservation in Spain, at both the state and autonomic levels, [ES]: El presente artículo centrado en la vid silvestre euroasiática, el parental dioico de las actuales variedades de cultivo, recoge los antiguos aprovechamientos que tuvo esta liana en el pasado y su importancia como recurso fitogenético para la mejora de variedades existentes y frenar la pérdida de agrodiversidad en el viñedo. Asimismo, señala sus principales hábitats naturales, sus principales características ampelográficas y los parásitos que la afectan. Finalmente, señala los principales impactos de carácter antrópico que han reducido drásticamente sus poblaciones, convirtiéndolo en un taxón amenazado, carente de una figura legal de protección en España, tanto a nivel estatal como autonómico

Vitis vinifera L. is largely diffused in Sardinia, where it occurs as both a spontaneous wild plant (V. vinifera subsp. silvestris) and a crop (V. vinifera subsp. vinifera). The huge number of grapevine cultivars is the result of the complex history of Sardinia. The island was part of the Spanish Empire from 1479 to 1714 when commercial and cultural exchanges between the two regions caused modifications of its agricultural products. Noticeably, in the case of viticulture, Spanish and Sardinian grapevine varieties often have similar-sounding names; for example, ‘Bobal’ and ‘Bovale’, ‘Cariñena’ and ‘Carignano’, and ‘Garnacha’, ‘Granaccia’ and ‘Granazza’. We may assume that, due to politic and economic relationships, exchanges of grape varieties could have been occurred thus improving the genetic composition of the local germplasm. At the same time, certain Sardinian cultivars, some of which derived from the domestication and cultivation of wild local grapevines, could have been introduced in Spain. The first aim of our work was to evaluate the genetic structure of grapevine germplasm of Sardinia and its relationships with Spanish cultivars. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were analyzed to characterize each accession and to study the relationships between Sardinian and Spanish cultivars. Results suggest the occurrence of synonymies such as ‘Cannonau’ and several Spanish accessions of ‘Garnacha Tinta’. If genetic origin of cultivars is an element useful for assessing wine traceability, wine quality relies on different factors and it is largely influenced by the environmental conditions of the production area. The second goal of this study was to develop an multidisciplinary approach for the characterization of 'Cannonau' wine produced in different Sardinian localities. We conducted a high-throughput sequencing analysis of different samples to understand the relationship between wine identity and the microbiome, specifically concerning bacteria and fungi. Since microbiome depends on different conditions, we planned a sampling able give us a lot of information: different grapes of the same cultivar, cultivated with traditional and biodynamic agriculture, in different regions of the island characterized by different type of soil; musts pre-fermentation and post-fermentation in different wineries, with or without starter (S. cerevisiae). Research on wine microbiome focuses primarily on those microorganisms influencing wine quality and determining its organoleptic properties. Such properties are mainly due to secondary metabolites that are produced while grapes ripen and then due to fermentation. For this reason, each sample collected was also analyzed for metabolomic characteristics, by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Analyses of microbial distribution and of the interactions occurring within and between bacteria and fungi, can represent the key of identification of Sardinian wines identity. In addition, the integration of metabolomic data can permit the identification of specific characteristics of each Sardinian wine. This type of study belongs to Foodomics, a new comprehensive approach to food and nutrition. The described integrative approach could represent a valuable tool for a better characterization of other foods and beverages, even including their transformation, storage, safety and their impact on human health.

Research Note, VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 50 No. 2 (2011): Vitis

Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris, the spontaneous subspecies of V. vinifera L., is believed to be the ancestor of present grapevine cultivars. In this work, polymorphism at 13 SSR loci was investigated to answer the following key question: are wild plants (i) true silvestris, (ii) hybrids between wild and cultivated plants or (iii) or 'escapes' from vineyards? In particular, the objective of the present study was to identify truly wild individuals and to search for possible hybridization events. The study was performed in Sardinia, the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, which is characterized by a large and well-described number of both grape cultivars and wild populations. This region was ideal for the study because of its spatial isolation and, consequently, limited contamination from outside material. The results of this study show that domesticated and wild grapevine germplasms are genetically divergent and thus are real silvestris. Pure lineages (both domesticated and wild) show very high average posterior probabilities of assignment to their own clusters, with a low level of introgression. © 2010 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

As part of a collaborative study of risk factors for childhood brain tumours, the effects of the mother's smoking and her potential for passive smoking exposure during the pregnancy were assessed in a case-control study. Parents of 91 cases and 321 population controls from Northern Italy, matched for age, sex and residence, were interviewed about their lifetime smoking habits. Mother's smoking during pregnancy was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.7 (95% CI 0.8, 3.8) of brain tumour in her child although this was not statistically significant. Among non-smoking mothers, the risk for light and heavy exposure to passive smoking was 1.7(0.8, 3.6) and 2.2 (1.1, 4.5) respectively, and a statistically significant dose-response relationship was found (p trend = 0.02). These results must be interpreted within the constraints of the relatively small sample size and the likely misclassification produced by the difference between the potential for exposure to passive smoke and the true exposure. However, they add another piece of information to the growing body of evidence available about the health consequences both of active and of passive smoking and highlight the need for more information about this putative association. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Nel presente lavoro sono stati analizzati alcuni casi di corrosione sotto sforzo (Stress Corrosion Cracking, SCC)su scatolette metalliche in banda stagnata per la conserva di tonno sott’olio. I contenitori metalliciprovenivano da due diversi fabbricanti di barattoli, con carni di diversi operatori del settore alimentare.In entrambi i casi sono state osservate microcricche fini e ramificate da SCC a ridosso delle regioni disaldatura. Dalle analisi chimiche del liquido associato ai prodotti sono state rilevate quantità sensibili di faseacquosa ed elevate concentrazioni di fosfati e cloruri, assieme a concentrazioni minori di bicarbonati e solfati.Gli esami in microscopia elettronica in scansione (SEM/EDS) hanno evidenziato all’interno delle lesionila presenza di prodotti di corrosione dell’acciaio frammisti a quantità sensibili soprattutto di fosfati.Tra i fattori scatenanti l’innesco della SCC hanno sicuramente importanza la separazione di fase acquosae le autotensioni in regione di saldatura. Occorre però anche una specificità dell’accoppiamento metalloambientee, in tal senso, l’ipotesi più probabile è l’abbondante presenza di fosfati in un ambiente acquosopraticamente deaerato. Da quanto osservato, questi anioni sembrano indurre anche inversione di polaritàtra acciaio al carbonio e deposito di stagno. Nel lavoro sono infine dati suggerimenti per minimizzarel’insorgenza di tali danneggiamenti.