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4. The Effect of Biostimulants on Horticultural Crops.

Author

Loeza-Lara, Pedro, Jiménez-Mejía, Rafael, and Santoyo, Gustavo

Subjects
ORNAMENTAL plants, ORNAMENTAL plant industry, ARABLE land, FARMS, HORTICULTURAL crops, CARROTS, APRICOT
Abstract

The document explores the impact of biostimulants on horticultural crops, emphasizing the importance of food security and the challenges faced by horticultural production due to various factors. Six research articles in the Special Issue focus on different biostimulants and their effects on crops like apricots, olives, geraniums, carrots, tomatoes, and onions. The studies highlight the potential of biostimulants, including microbial and natural sources, to enhance plant growth, yield, and quality, offering sustainable solutions for horticultural practices. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects and scalability of biostimulants in horticulture. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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6. Evaluation of Biocontrol Potential of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270 against Postharvest Fungal Pathogens

Author

Morales-Cedeño, Luzmaria R., primary, Barajas-Barrera, Ignacio A., additional, Parra-Cota, Fannie I., additional, Valenzuela-Ruiz, Valeria, additional, de los Santos-Villalobos, Sergio, additional, Loeza-Lara, Pedro D., additional, Herrera-Pérez, Alejandra, additional, del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda, Ma., additional, and Santoyo, Gustavo, additional

Published
2023
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15. List of contributors

Author

Ahmad, Iffat Zareen, Ajaharuddin, SK MD, Aktar, Sk Naim, Ali, Golam Torab, Babalola, Olubukola Oluranti, Bandyopadhyay, Pritha, Banerjee, Aditya, Barrales-Cureño, Hebert Jair, Bhadrecha, Pooja, Bhagat, Divya, Bhawana, Chávez Ramírez, Belén, Das, Debabrata, Dash, Soumya Shephalika, de los Santos-Villalobos, Sergio, Delgado-Alvarado, Adriana, Diyarza-Sandoval, Nayeli A., Estrada de los Santos, Paulina, Gadekar, Manish, Glick, Bernard R., Gómez de la Cruz, Irene, Goswami, Subrata, Guevara-Avendaño, Edgar, Gupta, Ritika, Guzmán-Guzmán, Paulina, Hazra, Swati, Hernández-García, Alejandra, Herrera-Cabrera, Braulio Edgar, Hossain, Akbar, Kar, Payel, Karnwal, Arun, Kaspi, Roy, Kaur, Amandeep, Kaur, Rajwinder, Khan, Elhan, Khushboo, Kotun, Bunmi, Kumar Das, Kaushik, la Peña, Arturo Huerta-de, Lakshmi, M. Amrutha, Loeza-Lara, Pedro Damián, Mathur, Shivangi, Mendoza-Mendoza, Artemio, Meza-Contreras, Jenny J., Mishra, Geetanjali, Montoya-Martínez, Amelia C., Moulick, Debojyoti, Mushtaq, Naveed Ul, Nadalini, Stefano, Ojuederie, Omena Bernard, Omkar, Orozco-Mosqueda, Ma. del Carmen, Ortega-Urquieta, María Edith, Oyetunji, Olumoye Ezekiel, Pande, Chaitanya B., Parra-Cota, Fannie I., Pramanik, Kalipada, Protasov, Alex, Puopolo, Gerardo, Rana, Abhishek, Ranjan, Rajiv, Rasool, Aadil, Rehman, Reiaz Ul, Reverchon, Frédérique, Rodríguez Velázquez, Nadia Denisse, Roychoudhury, Aryadeep, Sachan, Rohan Samir Kumar, Salazar-Magallón, Jesús Antonio, Saleem, Seerat, Salgado-Garciglia, Rafael, Santoyo, Gustavo, Saraswat, Pooja, Sepúlveda, Edgardo, Shah, Maksud Hasan, Shah, Wasifa Hafiz, Shandilya, Apoorva, Singh, Ayushi, Singh, Deeksha, Singh, Shashwat, Singh, Shilpy, Somal, Manpreet Kaur, Thonda, Oluwakemi Abike, Torres-García, Gerardo, Tripathy, Partha Sarathi, Tyagi, Aditya, Tyagi, Swati, Valenzuela-Ruíz, Valeria, Vyas, Pratibha, and Waswani, Hunny

Published
2024
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25. Detección de los genes phlD y hcnC en bacterias antagonistas productoras de sideróforos asociadas a Rubus fruticosus L.

Author

Santoyo Pizano, Gustavo, Hernández Flores, Benjamín R., Hernández Salmerón, Julie, Rojas Solís, Daniel, Contreras Pérez, Miguel, Loeza Lara, Pedro D., Orozco Mosqueda, María del Carmen, Santoyo Pizano, Gustavo, Hernández Flores, Benjamín R., Hernández Salmerón, Julie, Rojas Solís, Daniel, Contreras Pérez, Miguel, Loeza Lara, Pedro D., and Orozco Mosqueda, María del Carmen

Abstract

Introduction: The plants harbor a microbiome that includes plant growth-promoting bacteria, which can act as biological agents that antagonize the growth of phytopathogens, diminishing or eliminating their harmful effects in plants. In this work, the presence and association of the phlD and hcnC antifungal genes with the production of siderophores (Fe chelating agents) in bacteria isolated from the endosphere and rhizosphere of blackberry plants (Rubus fruticosus L.) was evaluated. Method: In total, 410 bacterial isolates associated with blackberry plants (Rubus fruticosus L.), from the rhizosphere (205) and endosphere (205) were analyzed for the detection of the phlD and hcnC antimicrobial genes by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent sequencing. The search of the genes was carried out only in siderophore producing strains, using the CAS medium (Chromium Azurol) for its production. Of the strains selected, antagonism bioassays were carried out against the plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Results: The results showed that from the 410 bacterial isolates analyzed here (50% endophytes and 50% rhizospheric), it was confirmed that 70 strains were siderophores-producing (24 from rhizosphere and 46 endophytes). It was observed that 70% (49/70) of the siderophore producing strains present either one or two of the phlD or hcnC genes. The nucleotide sequences of the phlD and hcnC genes showed high identity to homologous genes to species Pseudomonas sp., P. fluorescens, P. chlororaphis, P. protegens, P. putida and P. brassicacearum. The abundance of the hcnC gene was also higher in the endophytic and rhizospheric isolates (36/70), with respect to the phlD gene (13/70). Greater detection of phlD or hcnC genes was found in strains isolated from the endosphere (43/70), compared with those of rhizospheric origin (6/70). Finally, a high ratio was observed between the production of siderophores, the presence of gene, Resumen Introducción: Las plantas albergan un microbioma que incluye bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal, las cuales pueden fungir como agentes biológicos que antagonizan el crecimiento de fitopatógenos, disminuyendo o eliminando su efectos nocivos en plantas. En este trabajo se evaluó la presencia de los genes antifúngicos phlD y hcnC con la producción de sideróforos (agentes quelantes de Fe) en bacterias aisladas de la endósfera y rizósfera de plantas de zarzamora (Rubus fruticosus L.). Método: Se analizaron 410 aislados bacterianos asociados a plantas de zarzamora (Rubus fruticosus L.), provenientes de la rizósfera (205) y endosfera (205) para la detección de los genes antimicrobianos phlD y hcnC por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y posterior secuenciación. La búsqueda de los genes se realizó únicamente en cepas productoras de sideróforos, utilizando el medio CAS (Cromo Azurol) para su producción. De las cepas seleccionadas, se realizaron los bioensayos de antagonismo contra los patógenos de plantas Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani y Rhizoctonia solani. Resultados: Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que, de los 410 aislados bacterianos analizados (50% rizosféricos y 50% endófitos), 70 aislados fueron productores de sideróforos (24 rizosféricas y 46 endófitas). Se observó que el 70% (49/70) de las cepas productoras de sideróforos, presentaron uno o dos de los genes phlD y/o hcnC. Las secuencias nucleotídicas de los genes phlD y/o hcnC mostraron una alta identidad con genes homólogos a las especies Pseudomonas sp., P. fluorescens, P. chlororaphis, P. protegens, P. putida y P. brassicacearum. La abundancia del gen hcnC fue mayor en los aislados endófitos y rizosféricos (36/70), con respecto al gen phlD (13/70). Se detectaron mayoritariamente los genes phlD y/o hcnC en cepas aisladas de la endósfera (43/70), comparado con aquellas cepas rizosféricas (6/70). Finalmente, se observó una alta relación entre la producción de sideróforos

Published
2020

27. Chitosans and chitosan-sodium octanoate composite reduce strawberry rot in postharvest.

Author

López-Díaz, Sigifredo, Guadalupe Sandoval-Flores, Maria, Enrique Flores-Pantoja, Luis, Jiménez-Mejía, Rafael, Santoyo, Gustavo, and Damián Loeza-Lara, Pedro

Subjects
STRAWBERRIES, BERRIES, MYCOSES, BOTRYTIS cinerea, ECOSYSTEM health, CHITOSAN, FRUIT
Abstract

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is an exquisite food, which provides health benefits, making it the berry with the highest production and export in Mexico. However, it is highly perishable, susceptible to postharvest damage, mainly by Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer, among others. The use of pesticides in preharvest is the control strategy of these pathogens; however, pesticides are documented to harm human health and the ecosystem, showing the need to explore friendly alternatives. Reagent grade chitosan (QGR) is an innocuous polymer with widely reported antifungal activity, while sodium octanoate (8:0) (OS) also has this property; however, so far it is unknown whether commercial grade chitosan (QGC) (the most suitable candidate to conduct a larger commercial study, due to its cost), available in Mexico, has the same effect. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of QGR and the QGR-OS composite in the protection of strawberry in postharvest and compare it with that of QGC and that of the QGCOS composite. The compounds were sprayed on the fruits and incubated simulating export conditions. The results showed significant reduction in the severity and incidence of postharvest strawberry fungal diseases after the application of QGR, QGC and QGR-OS, QGC-OS, but not that of OS applied alone. QGC and the QGC-OS composite are excellent candidates for use in a larger commercial study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

28. Analysis of virulence traits of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in semi-intensive and family dairy farms

Author

Guzmán-Rodríguez, Jaquelina J., primary, León-Galván, Ma. Fabiola, additional, Barboza-Corona, José E., additional, Valencia-Posadas, Mauricio, additional, Loeza-Lara, Pedro D., additional, Sánchez-Ceja, Mónica, additional, Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra, additional, López-Meza, Joel E., additional, and Gutiérrez-Chávez, Abner J., additional

Published
2020
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33. Identificación y análisis de genes ars en cepas de Bacillus hipertolerantes al arsénico, aisladas de pozas termales en Araró, México

Author

Prieto Barajas, Cristina M., Elorza Gómez, Julio C., Loeza Lara, Pedro D., Sánchez Yáñez, Juan Manuel, Valencia Cantero, Eduardo, Santoyo, Gustavo, Prieto Barajas, Cristina M., Elorza Gómez, Julio C., Loeza Lara, Pedro D., Sánchez Yáñez, Juan Manuel, Valencia Cantero, Eduardo, and Santoyo, Gustavo

Abstract

In this work we investigated the presence, diversity and phylogenetic relationships of genes that confer resistance to arsenic (As) in 37 strains of the genus Bacillus, isolated from microbial mats in hot springs from Araró, Michoacán, Mexico. Specific oligonucleotides were designed for PCR amplification of the genes arsB (arsenite-specific efflux pump) and arsC (arsenite reductase), ACR3 (arsenite transporter) and aoxB (arsenite oxidase) of the genus Bacillus, detecting only the genes arsB and arsC in 21 out of the 37 analyzed strains (56.7% of the total). The Blastx-type analysis showed a high identity (84-100%) with arsenite efflux pumps (ArsB) and arsenate reductase proteins (ArsC) of various strains of the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Psychrobacter and Planococcus. Such analyzes were confirmed through the construction of phylogenies of the arsB and arsC sequences. The detection of the arsB and arsC genes in Bacillus strains was correlated with As hyperresistance values, which corresponded up to 32 and 128 mM of arsenite (III) and arsenate (V), respectively. Finally, the arsB and arsC genes identified in Bacillus strains could be a mechanism of resistance to As in an extreme aquatic environment, such as in Araro’s hot springs., En este trabajo investigamos la presencia, diversidad y relaciones filogenéticas de genes asociados a la tolerancia al arsénico (As) en 37 cepas del género Bacillus, aisladas de tapetes microbianos localizados en pozas termales en Araró, Michoacán, México. Se diseñaron oligonucleótidos específicos para la amplificación por PCR de los genes arsB (bomba de expulsión de arsenito) y arsC (arsenato reductasa), ACR3 (transportador de arsenito) y aoxB (arsenito oxidasa) del género Bacillus, detectando únicamente los genes arsB y arsC en 21 de las 37 cepas analizadas (56.7% del total). Los análisis tipo Blastx demuestran una alta identidad (84-100%) con bombas de expulsión de arsenito (ArsB) y proteínas arsenato reductasas (ArsC) de diversas cepas de los géneros Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Psychrobacter y Planococcus. Dichos análisis se confirmaron a través de la construcción de filogenias de los genes arsB y arsC. La detección de los genes arsB y arsC en cepas de Bacillus se correlacionó con valores de hipertolerancia al As, los cuales correspondieron a 32 y 128 mM de arsenito (III) y arsenato (V), respectivamente. Finalmente, los genes arsB y arsC identificados en cepas de Bacillus podrían ser un mecanismo de resistencia al arsénico en un ambiente acuático extremo, como las pozas termales de Araró.

Published
2018

35. In vitro AND in vivo ANTI-FUNGAL EFFECT OF CHITOSAN ON POST-HARVEST STRAWBERRY PATHOGENS.

Author

Arceo-Martínez, María T., Jiménez-Mejía, Rafael, Salgado-Garciglia, Rafael, Santoyo, Gustavo, López-Meza, Joel E., and Loeza-Lara, Pedro D.

Subjects
STRAWBERRIES, ANTHRACNOSE, CHITOSAN, TUKEY'S test, COLLETOTRICHUM acutatum, COLLETOTRICHUM gloeosporioides, PLANT diseases
Abstract

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2019

37. Análisis molecular del plásmido pBMBt1 de Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis INTA Mo14-4 que se replica por el mecanismo del círculo rodante

Author

Loeza Lara, Pedro Damián, Joel Edmundo López Meza, and Juan José Valdez Alarcón

Subjects
Círculo, Opción en biotecnología molecular agropecuaria, Bacteria, 6 [cti], Plásmido, Análisis, Mecanismo, Rodante, FMVZ-D-2005-0001, Molecular, Bacillus, Proteinas
Abstract

Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas. Facultad de Biología. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología. Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram positive bacterium widely studied because Cry proteins are used as bioinsecticides. B. thuringiensis strains contain a complex pattern of plasmids (1-17) which vary in size from 2 to 200 kilobases (kb). The genes encoding the insecticidal proteins are located on large conjugative plasmids. Most of the small plasmids (< 15 kb) studied in B. thuringiensis replicate by the rolling circle mechanism (RC plasmids) in which single stranded DNA intermediates (ssDNA) are produced. The functions of these RC plasmids in B. thuringiensis are unknown; additionally the number of cloning vectors for gene transfer in B. thuringiensis is limited. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic elements of plasmid pBMBt1 from B. thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis INTA Mo14 -4. Southern blot and S1 nuclease digestion analysis show that pBMBt1 contains ssDNA intermediates. Subsequently, pBMBt1 was completely sequenced and the analysis of sequence showed that pBMBt1 is a circular molecule of 6700 bases of pairs (bp) with a GC content of 32%, furthermore three open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. The predicted protein of ORF1 (Cry14-4) showed the highest identity with the CryC53 protein from B. thuringiensis subsp. cameroun (24.6%); Cry15Aa from B. thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni (21.9%) and Mtx2/3 from B. sphaericus (27.8%). This is the first report that shows the presence of a cry-like gene (cry14-4) in a RC plasmid from B. thuringiensis. The ORF2 (Mob14-4) encodes a Mob protein which is involved in the conjugative mobilization of small plasmids. The Mob14-4 protein showed 74% identity with a Mob protein encoded by plasmid pUIBI-1 from B. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus and 64% identity with a Mob protein from pBMY1 plasmid from Bacillus mycoides. The mob14-4 gene is functional, as shown by determination of transfer frequencies of 9.1 x 10-6 transconjugants/recipient cell of plasmid pHTmob14-4, which contain the mob14-4 gene from pBMBt1. Bacillus thuringiensis es una bacteria Gram positiva ampliamente estudiada debido al uso de sus proteínas Cry como bioinsecticidas. Las cepas de B. thuringiensis se caracterizan por contener un numero variable de plásmidos (1-17) cuyos tamaños varían de 2 hasta 200 kilobases (kb). Los genes que codifican estas proteínas insecticidas se encuentran en plásmidos grandes y conjugativos. La mayoría de los plásmidos pequeños (< 15 kb) estudiados de B. thuringiensis se replican por el mecanismo del circulo rodante (plásmidos RC), caracterizado por producir intermediarios de ADN de cadena sencilla (ADNcs). La función que desempeñan estos plásmidos RC en B. thuringiensis se desconoce; adicionalmente, el nu?mero de vectores de clonación para la transferencia de genes a B. thuringiensis es limitado. Debido a esto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue la caracterización de los elementos genéticos del plásmido pBMBt1 de B. thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis INTA Mo14-4. Mediante hibridaciones tipo Southern y digestio?n con nucleasa S1 se detectaron intermediarios de ADNcs provenientes del plásmido pBMBt1, característica distintiva de los plásmidos RC. Posteriormente se obtuvo la secuencia de nucleótidos de pBMBt1. El análisis revelo? que pBMBt1 es una molécula circular de 6,700 pares de bases (pb) con un contenido de GC del 32% y se identificaron tres marcos de lectura abiertos (ORFs). La proteína del ORF1 (Cry14-4) mostro? identidad con las proteínas CryC53 de B. thuringiensis subsp. cameroun (24.6%); Cry15Aa de B. thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni (21.9%) y Mtx2/3 de B. sphaericus (27.8%). Este es el primer reporte de la presencia de un gen que codifica una protei?na con identidad a proteínas Cry y que se encuentra en un pla?smido RC de B. thuringiensis. El ORF2 (Mob14-4) codifica la protei?na Mob involucrada en la movilización conjugativa de pla?smidos pequen?os.

Published
2005

38. Genetic relationships, biofilm formation, motility and virulence of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis.

Author

Cruz-Soto, Alejandro Sergio, Toro-Castillo, Valentín, Munguía-Magdaleno, Cristián Omar, Torres-Flores, José Emmanuel, Flores-Pantoja, Luis Enrique, Loeza-Lara, Pedro Damián, and Jiménez-Mejía, Rafael

Subjects
*BOVINE mastitis, *ESCHERICHIA coli, *GREATER wax moth, *MYCOPLASMA bovis
Abstract

Escherichia coli is an environmental bacterium frequently implicated in bovine mammary infections. Although specific virulence factors are unknown, biofilm-forming bacteria are associated with persistent infections, and motile bacteria exhibit increased virulence. An analysis was done of the genetic relationship, biofilm formation capacity and motility of bovine mastitis-associated E. coli, as well as the in vivo virulence of representative bacterial isolates. Of the 34 isolates, 67.7 % belonged to phylogenetic group A, 17.6 % to group B1 and 14.7 % to group D. Genetic relationship analysis done with (GTG)5-PCR indicated that the analyzed bacteria are diverse, with only two isolates exhibiting 100 % similarity, and the remaining 32 being grouped into seven main clusters with more than 70 % similarity. Biofilm formation capacity ranged from strong to moderate and weak in 76.5 % of the isolates. The csgA and fimA genes were detected in 52.9 % of the biofilm-forming isolates. Most (70.6 %) of the isolates were motile. In vivo infection assays using Galleria mellonella showed the biofilm-forming bacteria to be more pathogenic than the non-biofilm-forming ones. The studied bovine mastitis-associated E. coli were genetically diverse. Biofilm formation capacity and motility were variable among the isolates, but the biofilm-forming bacteria were more pathogenic than the non-biofilm-forming ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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39. Caracterización molecular de Escherichia coli resistente a antibióticos aislada de mastitis bovina en Michoacán, México.

Author

Jiménez Mejía, Rafael, Gudiño Sosa, Luis Fernando, Aguilar López, José Antonio, and Loeza Lara, Pedro Damián

Abstract

In the present study the antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis, as well as the presence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), tetracycline, streptomycin, and quinolone resistance genes were analyzed. From mastitic cows, milk samples were obtained, of which E. coli were isolated and identified biochemically and confirmed at the molecular level. Genetic analysis revealed that 11.8 % of the E. coli contained a virulence gene encoding intimin (eaeA). All E. coli were resistant to one or more antibiotics, with higher rates of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and cephalothin. In addition, 73.5 % of E. coli were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Of eleven resistance genes analyzed, seven were detected in 79.4 % of the bacterial isolates. Of these, bla CTX-M was found in 16 isolates, tetB in 11, tetA, strA and strB in nine, qnrB in four, and bla TEM in one isolate. About 5.9 % of the E. coli isolates carried class 1 integron integrase gene. In conclusion, a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis was identified. The bacteria also harbor a virulence gene related to human pathogens and genes conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracycline, streptomycin, and quinolones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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