Genetic relationships, biofilm formation, motility and virulence of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis.

Escherichia coli is an environmental bacterium frequently implicated in bovine mammary infections. Although specific virulence factors are unknown, biofilm-forming bacteria are associated with persistent infections, and motile bacteria exhibit increased virulence. An analysis was done of the genetic relationship, biofilm formation capacity and motility of bovine mastitis-associated E. coli, as well as the in vivo virulence of representative bacterial isolates. Of the 34 isolates, 67.7 % belonged to phylogenetic group A, 17.6 % to group B1 and 14.7 % to group D. Genetic relationship analysis done with (GTG)5-PCR indicated that the analyzed bacteria are diverse, with only two isolates exhibiting 100 % similarity, and the remaining 32 being grouped into seven main clusters with more than 70 % similarity. Biofilm formation capacity ranged from strong to moderate and weak in 76.5 % of the isolates. The csgA and fimA genes were detected in 52.9 % of the biofilm-forming isolates. Most (70.6 %) of the isolates were motile. In vivo infection assays using Galleria mellonella showed the biofilm-forming bacteria to be more pathogenic than the non-biofilm-forming ones. The studied bovine mastitis-associated E. coli were genetically diverse. Biofilm formation capacity and motility were variable among the isolates, but the biofilm-forming bacteria were more pathogenic than the non-biofilm-forming ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]