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98 results on '"Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie"'

1. Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Practices on HIV/AIDS among Boatmen on the Maroni River: A Neglected Bridging Group?

Author: Vincent Vantilcke, Célia Basurko, Antoine Adenis, Mathieu Nacher, Matthieu Hanf, Anne Jolivet, Marie-Claire Parriault, Emilie Gaubert-Marechal, Astrid Van-Melle, Sandrine Halfen, Pierre Couppié, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], UFR de Médecine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Université des Antilles (UA)-UFR de Médecine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), The study was funded by Réseau Kikiwi (Réseau Ville Hôpital pour le VIHSIDA, Maison des réseaux, Cayenne, Guyane, France)., ADENIS, ANTOINE, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Surveillance study, Immunology, Population, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Psychological intervention, Dermatology, medicine.disease_cause, Attitudes beliefs, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, medicine, Behaviour, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, education.field_of_study, 030505 public health, Risk behaviour, business.industry, HIV, Boatmen, medicine.disease, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography
Abstract: International audience; In French Guiana, the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women along the Maroni river, has risen from 0 to over 1% in the 1990's. Despite this sharp increase, no behavioural surveillance study has ever taken place in this border region. The present study showed that an important proportion of boatmen have risky sexual behaviour. These results underline the importance of targeting prevention interventions on this population that is not currently receiving specific HIV prevention messages.
Published: 2012
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2. Disseminated Histoplasmosis Seasonal Incidence Variations: A Supplementary Argument for Recent Infection?

Author: Matthieu Hanf, Mathieu Nacher, Bernard Carme, Antoine Adenis, Pierre Couppié, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Université des Antilles (UA), and ADENIS, ANTOINE
Subjects: Wet season, medicine.medical_specialty, Climate, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Dermatology, Environment, Histoplasmosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Disseminated histoplasmosis, Virology, Epidemiology, Medicine, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Incidence (epidemiology), Hazard ratio, HIV, Seasonality, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Background: In French Guiana, a recent study has shown that a major part of the histoplasmosis incidence temporal fluctuations could be explained by climatic factors and thus postulated that disseminated histoplasmosis cases could be in a large proportion due to new infections. The description of the seasonal pattern of histoplasmosis could potentially help to test this new hypothesis. Patients and methods: A study using prospective data from the French Hospital Database for HIV was conducted in order to determine seasonal variations of the incidence of first cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV persons in Cayenne, French Guiana. Single failure Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results: After adjusting for CD4 counts and antiretroviral treatment, the incidence of disseminated histoplasmosis was significantly higher during the Short Wet Season-Long Dry Season than during the Short Dry Season-Long Wet Season (Adjusted Hazard ratio 1.7 (1.1-2.5), P= 0.01). Conclusion: This result gives both valuable epidemiologic information to clinicians and a supplementary argument in favour of the hypothesis that an important proportion of cases were due to recent exposure. Therefore, the use of a primary prophylaxis must be discussed in French Guiana.
Published: 2012
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3. First serological evidence of Q fever circulation in ruminant herds in French Guiana

Author: Saout, Mona, Lurier, T., Epelboin, Loïc, Beaudrimont, Xavier, Laghoe, Laure, Blanchet, Denis, Rousset, Elodie, Demar, Magalie, Biome Tropical et Immuno-Pathophysiologie = Tropical Biome and ImmunoPhysiopathology [Lille] (TBIP), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Unité Santé et protection animales et végétales environnement Direction de l’environnement, de l’agriculture, de l’alimentation et de la forêt (DEAAF), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Sophia Antipolis, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and ROUSSET, Elodie
Subjects: [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

4. Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions

Author: Gaëlle Walter, E. Beillard, Pauline Thill, Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos, Vincent Pommier de Santi, María Mercedes Panizo, Loïc Epelboin, Magalie Demar, Alessia Melzani, S. Vreden, Philippe Abboud, Paule Letertre-Gibert, M. Boutrou, Carole Eldin, Julman Rosiris Cermeño, Félix Djossou, Jorlan Fernandes, Lucas Perez, Jacobus H. de Waard, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur [Tourcoing], Centre Hospitalier Tourcoing, Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Instituto Nacional de Higiene 'Rafael Rangel' - National Institute of Hygiene Rafael Rangel [Caracas, Venezuela], Academic Hospital Paramaribo [Paramaribo, Suriname], Laboratoire de biologie médicale [Cayenne, Guyane française] (LBM), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Universidad de Oriente, COMBE, Isabelle, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)
Subjects: Bacterial zoonosis, Latin Americans, Community-acquired pneumonia, Amazonian, 030231 tropical medicine, Q fever, 03 medical and health sciences, Zoonosis, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, Amazonian Diseases in Isolate Populations (M Nacher, Section Editor), medicine, Immunology and Allergy, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Socioeconomics, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Suriname, biology, 030306 microbiology, Amazonian forest, Coxiella burnetii, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Venezuela, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Guiana Shield, Latin America, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Guyana, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Brazil
Abstract: Purpose of Review In this review, we report on the state of knowledge about human Q fever in Brazil and on the Guiana Shield, an Amazonian region located in northeastern South America. There is a contrast between French Guiana, where the incidence of this disease is the highest in the world, and other countries where this disease is practically non-existent. Recent Findings Recent findings are essentially in French Guiana where a unique strain MST17 has been identified; it is probably more virulent than those usually found with a particularly marked pulmonary tropism, a mysterious animal reservoir, a geographical distribution that raises questions. Summary Q fever is a bacterial zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii that has been reported worldwide. On the Guiana Shield, a region mostly covered by Amazonian forest, which encompasses the Venezuelan State of Bolivar, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the Brazilian State of Amapá, the situation is very heterogeneous. While French Guiana is the region reporting the highest incidence of this disease in the world, with a single infecting clone (MST 117) and a unique epidemiological cycle, it has hardly ever been reported in other countries in the region. This absence of cases raises many questions and is probably due to massive under-diagnosis. Studies should estimate comprehensively the true burden of this disease in the region.
Published: 2021
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5. Outbreak of Amazonian Toxoplasmosis: A One Health Investigation in a Remote Amerindian Community

Author: Romain Blaizot, Cécile Nabet, Laure Laghoe, Benjamin Faivre, Sandie Escotte-Binet, Felix Djossou, Emilie Mosnier, Fanny Henaff, Denis Blanchet, Aurélien Mercier, Marie-Laure Dardé, Isabelle Villena, Magalie Demar, Service des maladies infectieuses, Hopital Andree Rosemond, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, parasitology, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, lcsh:QR1-502, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Infection Microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Environmental health, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, One Health, indigenous, Original Research, 2. Zero hunger, biology, outbreak, Transmission (medicine), Public health, Zoonosis, Toxoplasma gondii, Outbreak, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Toxoplasmosis, rainforest (Amazon forest), 3. Good health, French Guiana, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Toxoplasma, toxoplasmosis
Abstract: International audience; Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite of worldwide importance but its burden in indigenous communities remains unclear. In French Guiana, atypical strains of T. gondii originating from a complex rainforest cycle involving wild felids have been linked to severe infections in humans. These cases of Amazonian toxoplasmosis are sporadic and outbreaks are rarely described. We report on the investigation of an outbreak of acute toxoplasmosis in a remote Amerindian village. We discuss the causes and consequences of this emergence.Methods: In May 2017, during the rainy season and following an episode of flooding, four simultaneous cases of acute toxoplasmosis were serologically confirmed in two families living the village. Other non-diagnosed cases were then actively screened by a medical team along with epidemiological investigations. Inhabitants from nine households were tested for T. gondii antibodies and parasite DNA by PCR when appropriate. Samples of water, cat feces and cat rectal swabs, soil, and meat were tested for T. gondii DNA by PCR. Positive PCR samples with sufficient DNA amounts were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers.Results: Between early May and early July 2017, out of 54 tested inhabitants, 20 cases were serologically confirmed. A fetus infected at gestational week 10 died but other cases were mild. Four patients tested positive for parasite DNA and two identical strains belonging to an atypical genotype could be isolated from unrelated patients. While domestic cats had recently appeared in the vicinity, most families drank water from unsafe sources. Parasite DNA was recovered from one water sample and nine soil samples. Three meat samples tested positive, including wild and industrial meat.Conclusions: The emergence of toxoplasmosis in such a community living in close contact with the Amazon rainforest is probably multifactorial. Sedentary settlements have been built in the last few decades without providing safe water sources, increasing the risk of parasite circulation in cases of dangerous new habits such as cat domestication. Public health actions should be implemented in these communities such as safe water supply, health recommendations, and epidemiological surveillance of acute toxoplasmosis. A “One Health” strategy of research involving medical anthropology, veterinary medicine, and public health needs to be pursued for a better understanding of the transmission routes and the emergence of this zoonosis.
Published: 2020
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6. What is AIDS in the Amazon and the Guianas in the 90-90-90 era?

Author: A. Lucarelli, Denis Blanchet, B. Guarmit, Philippe Abboud, Magalie Demar, Félix Djossou, Pierre Couppié, Loïc Epelboin, Mathieu Nacher, Antoine Adenis, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine [Cayenne, Guyane Française] (COREVIH Guyane), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département de Formation et de Recherche en Santé [Cayenne, Guyane Française] (DFR Santé), Université de Guyane (UG), Hôpital de Jour Adultes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Service de Dermatologie et Vénéréologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], and Bodescot, Myriam
Subjects: RNA viruses, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, Pediatrics, Opportunistic infection, HIV Infections, Meningitis, Cryptococcal, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Esophageal candidiasis, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunodeficiency Viruses, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, Histoplasmosis, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Antimicrobials, Amazon rainforest, Fungal Diseases, Candidiasis, Drugs, Antiretrovirals, HIV diagnosis and management, Viral Load, Middle Aged, Antivirals, French Guiana, 3. Good health, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral, Viruses, Cohort, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, Female, Pathogens, Viral load, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Diagnostic methods, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Hiv testing, Opportunistic Infections, Microbiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Microbial Control, Virology, Retroviruses, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, Pharmacology, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Lentivirus, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, HIV, medicine.disease, Diagnostic medicine, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HIV-1, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Viral Transmission and Infection
Abstract: IntroductionIn the past decade, new diagnostic methods and strategies have appeared, HIV testing efforts and the generalization of antiretroviral therapy may have influenced the number of opportunistic diagnoses and mortality of HIV-infected patients. To test this hypothesis we compiled data on the top opportunistic infections and causes of early death in the HIV cohort of French Guiana.MethodsHIV-infected persons followed in Cayenne, Kourou, and Saint Laurent du Maroni hospitals from 2010 to 2019 were studied. The annual incidence of different opportunistic infections and annual deaths were compiled. For patients with opportunistic infections we calculated the proportion of early deaths.ResultsAt the time of analysis, among 2 459 patients, (treated and untreated) 90% had a viral load th most frequent opportunistic infection as was tuberculosis (31 cases). The trend for a sharp decline in early deaths continued (3.9% of patients).ConclusionsDespite the successes of antiretrovirals, patients presenting with advanced HIV are still common and they are still at risk of dying. Improved diagnosis, and notably systematic screening with appropriate tools are still important areas of potential progress.Author summaryIn the past decade, new diagnostic methods and strategies have appeared, HIV testing efforts and the generalization of antiretroviral therapy may have influenced the number of opportunistic diagnoses and mortality of HIV-infected patients. To test this hypothesis we compiled data on the top opportunistic infections and causes of early death in the HIV cohort of French Guiana. HIV-infected persons followed in Cayenne, Kourou, and Saint Laurent du Maroni hospitals from 2010 to 2019 were studied. The annual number of different opportunistic infections and annual deaths were compiled. For patients with opportunistic infections we calculated the proportion of early deaths. At the time of analysis, most patients were virologically controlled and had restored immunity. However, histoplasmosis clearly remained the most frequent (128 cases) opportunistic infection among HIV-infected persons followed by cerebral toxoplasmosis (63 cases) and esophageal candidiasis (41 cases). Cryptococcal meningitis was ranked 5th most frequent opportunistic infection as was tuberculosis (31 cases). The trend for a sharp decline in early deaths continued (3.9% of patients). Despite the successes of antiretroviral therapy, patients presenting with advanced HIV are still common and they are still at risk of dying. Improved diagnosis, and notably systematic screening with appropriate tools are still important areas of potential progress.
Published: 2020
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7. Epidemiological investigation for grouped cases of Trichosporon asahii using whole genome and IGS1 sequencing

Author: N. Brieu, B. Sendid, E. Sitterle, Frédéric Gabriel, I. Poilane, D. Moissenet, Christine Aznar, V. Blanc, N. Traversier, M. Sasso, N. Godineau, O. Eloy, Corinne Maufrais, Danièle Maubon, H. Rabérin, C. Lawrence, P. Mariani, P. Cahen, C. Bonnal, B. Bouteille, M. Cornet, F. Moriot, B. Heym, Elisabeth Chachaty, Dominique Toubas, M. Nicolas, Sophie Cassaing, A. Paugam, S. Picot, E. Moalic, Adela Angoulvant, Loïc Favennec, Françoise Dromer, M. Gari‐toussaint, Marc Pihet, Taieb Chouaki, Magalie Pierre Demar, Frédéric Grenouillet, N. Fauchet, L. Collet, Frédéric Dalle, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Céline Nourrisson, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, O. Faure, Françoise Botterel, C. Nabet, N. Bourgeois, E. Bailly, Dorothée Quinio, Alexandre Alanio, O. Mouquet, S. Brun, S. Bland, Julie Bonhomme, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Stéphane Ranque, Philippe Poirier, N. Desbois, Florence Persat, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, H. Piarroux, E. Forget, L. Lachaux, V. Bru, Laurence Millon, A. Minoza, C. Kauffman, L. Hasseine, Martine Wallon, A.L. Roux, D. Poisson, S. Bonacorsi, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Informatique pour la Biologie, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Observatoires Régionaux du Pneumocoque, Partenaires INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale (TIMC-IMAG-TheREx ), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de parasitologie [Pointe-à-Pitre], CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Sud Saint Pierre [Ile de la Réunion], Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Hôpital Huriez, CHU Limoges, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de parasitologie et mycologie médicale, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Hôpital universitaire Bichat, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Curie [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Antifungal Agents, Adolescent, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Dermatology, Trichosporon asahii, Biology, Genome, DNA, Ribosomal, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Trichosporonosis, medicine, Humans, Child, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, Genotyping, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Genetics, Voriconazole, Whole genome sequencing, Whole Genome Sequencing, Basidiomycota, Haplotype, Infant, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, France, Genome, Fungal, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND Trichosporonosis is a rare invasive infection in humans mainly due to Trichosporon asahii, and especially recovered from patients having haematological malignancy. Since 2012, IGS1 region sequencing is used as a genotyping method to distinguish isolates, with high frequency of one haplotype worldwide and a geographic specificity for some haplotypes. OBJECTIVES We compared the IGS1 genotyping method and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to study the relationship between clinical isolates involved in two grouped cases in France. METHODS IGS1 sequencing and antifungal susceptibility testing were performed for 54 clinical isolates. Clinical data for 28 isolates included in surveillance programs were analysed. Whole genome was sequenced for 32 clinical isolates and the type strain. RESULTS All isolates were intrinsically resistant to flucytosine, while voriconazole had the most potent in vitro activity. The majority of the isolates was recovered from patients with haematological malignancies (42.86%), with a high proportion of children (
Published: 2020
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8. Investigations upon the Improvement of Dermatophyte Identification Using an Online Mass Spectrometry Application

Author: Arnaud Jabet, Anne-Cécile Normand, Alicia Moreno-Sabater, Jacques Guillot, Veronica Risco-Castillo, Sophie Brun, Magalie Demar, Romain Blaizot, Cécile Nabet, Ann Packeu, Renaud Piarroux, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Biopole d’Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (BIOPOLE - ENVA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est (UPE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire – Faune Sauvage (CHUV-FS), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Association Faune Alfort, Service de Parasitologie [Avicenne], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Département de dermatologie [CH andré-Rosemont, Cayenne], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université
Subjects: [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MALDI-TOF, Microbiology (medical), dermatophytes, QH301-705.5, Plant Science, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MSI-2, Article, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, mass spectrometry, Biology (General), [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Online MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry applications, such as MSI-2, have been shown to help identify dermatophytes, but recurrent errors are still observed between phylogenetically close species. The objective of this study was to assess different approaches to reduce the occurrence of such errors by adding new reference spectra to the MSI-2 application. Nine libraries were set up, comprising an increasing number of spectra obtained from reference strains that were submitted to various culture durations on two distinct culture media: Sabouraud gentamicin chloramphenicol medium and IDFP Conidia medium. The final library included spectra from 111 strains of 20 species obtained from cultures on both media collected every three days after the appearance of the colony. The performance of each library was then analyzed using a cross-validation approach. The spectra acquisitions were carried out using a Microflex Bruker spectrometer. Diversifying the references and adding spectra from various culture media and culture durations improved identification performance. The percentage of correct identification at the species level rose from 63.4 to 91.7% when combining all approaches. Nevertheless, residual confusion between close species, such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense, remained. To distinguish between these species, mass spectrometry identification should take into account basic morphological and/or clinico-epidemiological features.
Published: 2022
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9. Molecular characterization of Rhodnius robustus specimens, potential vectors for Chagas disease in French Guiana, South America

Author: Denis Blanchet, Christian Barnabé, Christine Aznar, Jean-François Guégan, Simone Frédérique Brenière, Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, and Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Chagas disease, Nuclear gene, 030231 tropical medicine, Rhodnius, Genes, Insect, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Haplotype distribution, Rhodnius robustus, Genus, Genetics, Animals, Chagas Disease, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogenetic tree, Cytochrome b, Cytochrome B, Haplotype, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, French Guiana, Insect Vectors, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Taxonomy (biology)
Abstract: Insects of the genus Rhodnius are broadly involved in Chagas disease transmission. In French Guiana, where the disease remains a public health problem, R. robustus and R. pictipes are vectors, but so far few genetic analyses of these local species have been reported. Here, we explored three mitochondrial genes (Cytb, Lsu-rRNA, and ND1) and one nuclear gene (D2) in 49 adult specimens morphologically characterized as R. robustus. We analyzed genetic polymorphisms and haplotype distributions, and we built phylogenetic trees using the available GenBank sequences from R. robustus and related species. The molecular taxonomy analysis confirmed that 35 insects, closely related to Brazilian species and separated by a few mutations, truly belong to R. robustus; two others were attributed to the R. prolixus complex and for 12 no sequence was obtained. The geographical haplotype distribution indicates a likely geographical structuring and evidenced true differentiation between the two main urban centers, Cayenne and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni.
Published: 2018
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10. Emergence of Plasmodium vivax Resistance to Chloroquine in French Guiana

Author: Christophe Heugas, Béatrice Volney, Pascal Houzé, Lise Musset, Félix Djossou, Philippe Abboud, Eric Legrand, G. Walter, Richard Naldjinan, Pascal Ringwald, Stéphane Pelleau, Yassamine Lazrek, Denis Blanchet, Loïc Epelboin, Magalie Demar, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Poitiers - Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Service de Biochimie [AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by Santé Publique France (French Ministry of Health) and the French Ministry for National Education, Higher Education and Research. The Regional Health Agency of French Guiana financed C.H. We acknowledge an Investisse- ment d’Avenir grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX- 25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Collaborateur OMS pour la surveillance de la résistance aux antipaludiques [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CCOMS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Laboratoire de Parasitologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Legrand, Eric, and Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID
Subjects: Male, Primaquine, Plasmodium vivax, Drug Resistance, pvcrt-o, Parasitemia, chloroquine, 0302 clinical medicine, Chloroquine, P. vivax, Pharmacology (medical), Child, 0303 health sciences, biology, Middle Aged, humanities, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Plasma concentration, Female, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, pvmdr1, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Clinical Therapeutics, World health, resistance, Antimalarials, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Amazonia, Internal medicine, Vivax infection, parasitic diseases, Malaria, Vivax, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Chloroquine resistance, Aged, Retrospective Studies, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, business.industry, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Guiana Shield, business
Abstract: In South America, Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine was recently reported in Brazil and Bolivia. The objective of this study was to collect data on chloroquine resistance in French Guiana by associating a retrospective evaluation of therapeutic efficacy with an analysis of recurrent parasitemia from any patients. Patients with P. vivax infection, confirmed by microscopy and a body temperature of ≥37.5°C, were retrospectively identified at Cayenne Hospital between 2009 and 2015., In South America, Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine was recently reported in Brazil and Bolivia. The objective of this study was to collect data on chloroquine resistance in French Guiana by associating a retrospective evaluation of therapeutic efficacy with an analysis of recurrent parasitemia from any patients. Patients with P. vivax infection, confirmed by microscopy and a body temperature of ≥37.5°C, were retrospectively identified at Cayenne Hospital between 2009 and 2015. Follow-up and treatment responses were performed according to the World Health Organization protocol. Parasite resistance was confirmed after dosage of a plasma concentration of chloroquine and microsatellite characterization. The pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes were analyzed for sequence and gene copy number variation. Among the 172 patients followed for 28 days, 164 presented adequate clinical and parasitological responses. Eight cases of treatment failures were identified (4.7%; n = 8/172), all after 14 days. The therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine was estimated at 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.5 to 98.1%; n = 164/172). Among the eight failures, five were characterized: two cases were true P. vivax chloroquine resistance (1.2%; 95% CI, 0 to 2.6%; n = 2/172), and three cases were found with subtherapeutic concentrations of chloroquine. No particular polymorphism in the Plasmodium vivax pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes was identified in the resistant parasites. This identified level of resistance of P. vivax to chloroquine in French Guiana does not require a change in therapeutic recommendations. However, primaquine should be administered more frequently to limit the spread of resistance, and there is still a need for a reliable molecular marker to facilitate the monitoring of P. vivax resistance to chloroquine.
Published: 2019
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11. Usefulness of C-Reactive Protein in Differentiating Acute Leptospirosis and Dengue Fever in French Guiana

Author: Mathieu Nacher, Loïc Epelboin, Timothée Bonifay, Pascale Bourhy, Magalie Demar, Félix Djossou, Anne Jolivet, Emilie Mosnier, Paul Le Turnier, Roxane Schaub, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université des Antilles (UA), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], The authors acknowledge Rachida Boukhari (Hopital Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana), Anne Terraz (Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana), Denis Blanchet (Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana), and Mathieu Picardeau (Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose, Paris, France) for their help in the data collection., Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Matillon, Mirlène
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, myalgia, medicine.medical_specialty, Anemia, diagnosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Neutropenia, Dengue fever, Major Articles, C-reactive protein, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, dengue fever, leptospirosis, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Creatinine, biology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Leptospirosis, 3. Good health, French Guiana, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Oncology, chemistry, biology.protein, Biomarker (medicine), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Objective Leptospirosis and dengue fever (DF) are hard-to-differentiate diseases in cocirculating areas, especially during DF epidemics. Misdiagnosis and ensuing lack of antibiotic therapy can be detrimental in leptospirosis. The objective of this study was to identify factors that help differentiate acute leptospirosis from dengue fever on admission. Method Patients with leptospirosis (positive serology or polymerase chain reaction) were compared with patients with DF (positive nonstructural 1 [NS1] antigen) in a case-control study with age matching. Data on admission were compared using bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Results Seventy-two patients with leptospirosis were compared to 216 patients with DF. In bivariate analysis, the factors associated with leptospirosis were male gender, cough, anemia, and elevated blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, creatinine, bilirubin, and creatine phosphokinase. Exanthema, purpura, myalgia, headache, and neutropenia were associated with DF. In multivariate analysis, elevated blood levels of leukocytes, bilirubin, and CRP were associated with leptospirosis. The CRP threshold of 50 mg/L taken alone had elevated sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions The CRP level, an easy-to-obtain biomarker, was a powerful tool to differentiate on admission leptospirosis and DF. Facing a dengue-like syndrome in cocirculating areas and awaiting new specific rapid diagnostic tests, CRP dosing could help the clinician to promptly consider the diagnosis of leptospirosis and initiate antibiotic therapy early., Leptospirosis and dengue fever are hard-to-differentiate diseases in the tropics. In this case-control study, their presentation on admission was compared. A C-reactive protein (CRP) level >50 mg/L was associated with leptospirosis. Facing a dengue-like syndrome in cocirculating areas and awaiting new specific rapid diagnostic tests, CRP dosing could help the clinician to promptly consider the diagnosis of leptospirosis and initiate antibiotic therapy early.
Published: 2019
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12. Incidence and Trends in Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With Histoplasma capsulatum Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A 20-Year Case Series and Literature Review

Author: Alessia Melzani, Pierre Couppié, Balthazar Ntab, Antoine Adenis, Magalie Demar, Regis de Reynal de Saint Michel, Félix Djossou, Denis Blanchet, Loïc Epelboin, Mathieu Nacher, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université des Antilles - UFR des sciences médicales Hyacinthe Bastaraud (UA UFR SM), Université des Antilles (UA), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Université de Guyane (UG), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Service de Dermatologie [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], and Centre Hospitalier Andre Rosemon
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Histoplasma, 030106 microbiology, HIV Infections, Histoplasmosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, Interquartile range, Humans, Medicine, Disseminated disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Retrospective Studies, Subclinical infection, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, histoplasmosis, Incidence (epidemiology), HIV, medicine.disease, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, incidence, Female, business
Abstract: International audience; Background: Histoplasmosis is among the main acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining conditions in endemic areas. Although histoplasmosis has a worldwide distribution, histoplasmosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is rarely reported.This study aimed to describe the incidence and features of histoplasmosis-associated IRIS in a cohort of PLHIV.Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted in French Guiana from 1 January 1997 to 30 September 2017. The target population was represented by PLHIV who presented an episode of histoplasmosis within 6 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation. We used a consensual IRIS case definition, submitted to the agreement of 2 experts. Each case was described using a standardized questionnaire, and all patients gave informed consent.Results: Twenty-two cases of histoplasmosis-associated IRIS were included (14 infectious/unmasking and 8 paradoxical), with an overall incidence rate of 0.74 cases per 1000 HIV-infected person-years (95% confidence interval, 0.43-1.05). Mean age was 40.5 years. The ratio of males to females was 1:4. Median time to IRIS was 11 days (interquartile range 7-40 days) after antiretroviral therapy initiation. The main clinical presentation was fever, without any specific pattern, and disseminated disease. We reported 2 severe cases and partial or complete recovery at 1 month was the rule. Twenty-two cases were identified in the literature with similar characteristics.Conclusions: Histoplasmosis-associated IRIS incidence was low but generated significant morbidity in PLHIV. In endemic areas, screening for latent or subclinical histoplasmosis should be implemented before antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Published: 2019
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13. Pediatric Amazonian Toxoplasmosis Caused by Atypical Strains in French Guiana, 2002–2017

Author: D. Blanchet, Elise Martin, Magalie Demar, Marie-Laure Dardé, Narcisse Elenga, Cécile Nabet, Romain Blaizot, Aurélien Mercier, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Service de Pédiatrie [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyanne Française]
Subjects: Male, Microbiology (medical), Genotype, Amazonian, Animals, Wild, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030225 pediatrics, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Retrospective Studies, Virulence, biology, business.industry, Infant, Toxoplasma gondii, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, French Guiana, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Toxoplasma
Abstract: Amazonian toxoplasmosis is a recently described form of Toxoplasma gondii infection, characterized by severe clinical and biological features and involvement of atypical genetic strains circulating through a forest-based cycle. Though mostly reported in French Guiana since 1998, this disease is probably under-diagnosed in other areas of South America. Few data are available on its specific features in children.We retrospectively included all children seen in Cayenne between 2002 and 2017, diagnosed with acute toxoplasmosis due to an atypical strain. Clinical and biological features and risk factors of Amazonian toxoplasmosis were recorded.Eleven children met the inclusion criteria. The main clinical features were fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, as reported in adults. Less expected signs such as rhinorrhea, pharyngitis and maculopapular rash were also frequent. Cutaneous signs were associated with the involvement of a genetically atypical strain. Respiratory involvement was rare but associated with respiratory distress. Outcome was always favorable. Treatment by pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was always justified, efficient and well tolerated. Genetic analysis suggested the involvement of wild mammals in disease transmission, and strain-dependent virulence as one of the prognostic risk factors.As in adults, pediatric Amazonian toxoplasmosis requires a systematic treatment. Symptoms such as skin rash, rhinorrhea and pharyngitis should not be mistaken for viral infections, when associated with lymphadenopathy or fever. Pediatricians working in South America should be familiar with these clinical presentations and with the different risk factors of Amazonian toxoplasmosis.
Published: 2019
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14. Ecological niche modelling for predicting the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Neotropical moist forest biome

Author: Magalie Demar, Jean-François Guégan, Giovanny Herrera, Ghislaine Prévot, Alessandra Nava, Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos, Benoit de Thoisy, Marine Ginouves, Agathe Chavy, Juan David Ramírez, Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz, Donnat, Martin, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This study was conducted within the RESERVOIRS program supported by European (ERDF/FEDER) funds and assistance from Collectivité Territoriale de la Guyane and Direction Régionale pour la Recherche et la Technologie, and the MicroBIOME project granted by Laboratoire d'Excellence CEBA 'Investissement d’Avenir' and managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, Ref. ANR-10-LABEX-25-01). AC benefits from a PhD grant from the French Guiana University. JFG is sponsored by Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la recherche agronomique and Montpellier University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-10- LABX-25-01,CEBA,Labex CEBA ANR-10- LABX-25-01, de Thoisy, Benoit, and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Climate, Ecological phenomena and functions, Seasonal variation, RC955-962, Disease transmission, Ecological niche, Biome, Forests, Disease Vectors, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zoonoses, Prevalence, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biomass, Leishmaniasis, Mammals, French guiana, Ecology, cutaneous, Altitude, Incidence, Eukaryota, Terrestrial Environments, French Guiana, Santé publique et épidémiologie, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Leishmaniose Cut?nea / transmiss?o, Vertebrates, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Seasons, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Human, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Leishmaniose Cut?nea, Neotropics, Forest Ecology, Ecological Metrics, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Skin leishmaniasis, Ecosystems, 03 medical and health sciences, Population Metrics, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Tropical rain forest, Forest ecology, Parasitic Diseases, medicine, Human footprint, Humans, Animals, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Ecosystem, Forest, Environmental temperature, Poverty, Population Density, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Ecologia / tend?ncias, Protozoan Infections, Population Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Species Diversity, South America, 15. Life on land, Tropical Diseases, medicine.disease, Human impact on the environment, Ecossistema, Species Interactions, 030104 developmental biology, South america, 13. Climate action, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Anthropology, Vector (epidemiology), Amniotes, Population density, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Season, Species richness, Geographic distribution, Prediction
Abstract: A major challenge of eco-epidemiology is to determine which factors promote the transmission of infectious diseases and to establish risk maps that can be used by public health authorities. The geographic predictions resulting from ecological niche modelling have been widely used for modelling the future dispersion of vectors based on the occurrence records and the potential prevalence of the disease. The establishment of risk maps for disease systems with complex cycles such as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be very challenging due to the many inference networks between large sets of host and vector species, with considerable heterogeneity in disease patterns in space and time. One novelty in the present study is the use of human CL cases to predict the risk of leishmaniasis occurrence in response to anthropogenic, climatic and environmental factors at two different scales, in the Neotropical moist forest biome (Amazonian basin and surrounding forest ecosystems) and in the surrounding region of French Guiana. With a consistent data set never used before and a conceptual and methodological framework for interpreting data cases, we obtained risk maps with high statistical support. The predominantly identified human CL risk areas are those where the human impact on the environment is significant, associated with less contributory climatic and ecological factors. For both models this study highlights the importance of considering the anthropogenic drivers for disease risk assessment in human, although CL is mainly linked to the sylvatic and peri-urban cycle in Meso and South America., Author summary Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease with a complex transmission cycle that includes many parasite, vector and host species. This disease continues to pose public health problems worldwide despite the measures put in place. In recent years, methodological tools commonly used in ecology, called ecological niche prediction models, have made it possible to determine the environmental and anthropogenic variables that may be favourable to the presence of the host and vector species communities involved in the cycle and therefore to the presence of certain disease agents. The use of these models, based on the presence of human cases of the disease, can overcome some of the uncertainties concerning the diversity of the vectors and the potential hosts involved in the transmission cycle. This approach of health ecology combining ecology and epidemiology could provide new insights into understanding the cycle of disease transmission and the influence of environmental factors and thus improve the prediction of disease emergence and epidemics. It can be applied to various vector-borne diseases whose transmission cycles are still poorly understood and for which studies classically carried out in epidemiology have not prevented disease progression.
Published: 2019
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15. Leishmaniavirus genetic diversity is not related to leishmaniasis treatment failure

Author: Sébastien Briolant, Marine Ginouves, Eliane Bourreau, Magalie Demar, Paul Brousse, S. Simon, S. Rogier, P. Travers, V. Pommier de Santi, Pierre Couppié, Ghislaine Prévot, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de Référence Leishmania [Cayenne, Guyanne Française] (Laboratoire Associé), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie [CH de Cayenne, France], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Pôle des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins [CH Andrée Rosemon, Guyane Française], Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), This work was supported by the University of French Guiana and the Ministère Français de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique., This work has benefited from an 'Investissement d’Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., We thank all trainees who participated in this project at the level of experimental work (Claudiane FLORAT, Yasmine AUGUSTE, Ruthly JEAN-BAPTISTE, Keïta BAGADI, Kévin JOSEPH). We also thank all CHC staff (Audrey Ambouille, Géraldine Gangasing, Philippe Travers, Basma Guarmit, Céline Michaud) and health centers staff (Maripasoula: Christelle Maabo, Wilmina Alfred, Melaine Boce and their colleagues, Papaichton: Naïka Amayota and colleagues, in Cacao: Malika Miquel and colleagues, in Saint Georges: Eric Crougneau and colleagues, in Apatou: Pauline Alifons and colleagues, in Saül: Séverine and colleagues, in Trois sauts: Benoit Quentin, Laure Gerold and colleagues) who helped us to carry out this project. We thank Antoine Adenis for his help in the sensitivity study. We thank reviewers and editor for their advice., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)
Subjects: Male, Genotyping Techniques, genotype, Gastroenterology, Group B, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Genotype, Leishmaniavirus, Leishmania guyanensis, Phylogeny, LRV1, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, biology, General Medicine, French Guiana, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, medicine.drug, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Virus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, pentamidine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Retrospective Studies, treatment failure, 030304 developmental biology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, business.industry, Genetic Variation, Leishmaniasis, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business, Pentamidine
Abstract: Objectives The outcome of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) may depend on the presence of the Leishmania RNA virus (LRV). This virus may be involved in treatment failure. We aimed to determine whether genetic clusters of LRV1 are involved in this therapeutic outcome. Methods The presence of LRV1 was assessed in 129 Leishmania guyanensis isolates from patients treated with pentamidine in French Guiana. Among the 115 (89%) isolates found to carry LRV1, 96 were successfully genotyped. Patient clinical data were linked to the LRV data. Results The rate of treatment failure for LRV1-positive isolates was 37% (15/41) versus 40% (2/5) among LRV1-negative isolates (p 0.88). Concerning LRV1 genotypes, two predominant LRV1 groups emerged, groups A (23% (22/96)) and B (70% (67/96)). The treatment failure rate was 37% (3/8) for group A and 45% (9/20) for group B (p 0.31). Discussion Neither the presence nor genotype of LRV1 in patients with L. guyanensis seemed to correlate with pentamidine treatment failure.
Published: 2021
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16. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017)

Author: Damien Costa, Romy Razakandrainibe, Marc Sautour, Stéphane Valot, Louise Basmaciyan, Gilles Gargala, Denis Lemeteil, Loïc Favennec, Frédéric Dalle, Anne Debourgogne, Adela Angoulvant, Patrice Agnamey, Julie bonhomme, Brigitte Degeilh, Cathy Chemla, Cécile Garnaud, Coralie Lollivier, Cécile angebault, Pascal Delaunay, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Emilie Fréalle, Frédéric Grenouillet, Florent Morio, Françoise Botterel, Ghania Belkadi, Hélène Yera, Gilles Nevez, Xavier Iriart, Isabelle Accoceberry, Julie Brunet, Marc Thellier, Meja Rabodonirina, Milene Sasso, Charline Miossec, Murielle Nicolas, Nicole Desbois, Philippe Poirier, Christelle Pomares, Sandrine Houze, Yohann Le govic, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Franck Labbe, Marie Laure Darde, Olivier Duquesnoy, Pierre Flori, Patrick Bastien, Thomas Gueudet, Isabelle Villena, Dominique Aubert, Estelle Cateau, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Nathalie Kapel, Eric Dannaoui, Alexis Valentin, Anne Totet, Jean Menotti, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Emmanuel Dutoit, Renaud Piarroux, Emilie Sitterle, Denis Magne, Samsa Hamane, Antoine Berry, Cecile Ramade, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Microbiologie cellulaire et moléculaire et pathogénicité (MCMP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des interactions Hôte pathogène, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Sérologies Bactériennes et Parasitaires [CHU de la Martinique], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique - CHU Martinique, Parasitologie-Mycologie Fort de France, CHU Fort de France, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Service de réanimation médicale, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe hospitalier Albert Chenevier – Henri Mondor, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Région Haute Normandie, Projet COS Sesa, 2015-2018, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Rennes (UR), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité (MFP), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Cryptosporidiosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Child, Immunodeficiency, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Mortality rate, Cryptosporidium, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Cryptosporidium parvum, Child, Preschool, Protozoan, Cyclosporine, Female, Immunotherapy, France, medicine.symptom, Cryptosporidium hominis, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Context (language use), Tacrolimus, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Immunocompromised, Aged, Immunosuppression Therapy, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Mycophenolic Acid, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunodeficient individuals. In 2006, a national network was set up on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Since January 2015, the 41 tertiary care hospitals and the 3 private laboratories of the French National Network on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis have been able to declare confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis online. Between 2015 and 2017, 210 cases of cryptosporidiosis were declared in immunodeficient patients in France; Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis represented 66% and 22% of cases, respectively. A peak was observed in autumn. Cryptosporidiosis occurred mainly in a context of solid organ transplantation (SOT) (49%) and of HIV infection (30%). In SOT recipients, cryptosporidiosis appeared more frequently in the first 6 months post transplantation. Regarding cases declared in SOT recipients, mycophenolate mofetil was used in 68%. A mortality rate of 6% was observed. Present results underline the importance of screening for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients suffering from diarrhea, especially in the course of major cell mediated immunodeficiency or even systematic screening before SOT. Exclusive Cryptosporidium free water feeding could be suggested during major cell mediated immunodeficiency.
Published: 2018
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17. Primaquine 30 mg/day versus 15 mg/day during 14 days for the prevention of Plasmodium vivax relapses in adults in French Guiana: a historical comparison

Author: Epelboin, Loïc, Caumes, Eric, Guermonprez, Geraldine, Leturcq, France, Clarke, Peter, Nacher, Mathieu, Adenis, Antoine, Huber, Florence, Hallet, Edouard, Abboud, Philippe, Mosnier, Emilie, Bideau, Bastien, Marty, Christian, Lucarelli, Aude, Morel, Vanessa, Lacapère, François, Couppié, Pierre, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Valdes, Audrey, Walter, Gaelle, Vesin, Guillaume, Melzani, Alessia, Blanchet, Denis, Blaise, Nicaise, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Djossou, Félix, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fondation Maison des Champs, Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Croix-rouge française [Cayenne, Guyane Fraçaise], Service de Dermatologie, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Service de Pharmacie [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine [Cayenne, Guyane] (COREVIH), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Primaquine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium vivax, Context (language use), World health, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Antimalarials, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, Epidemiology, Malaria, Vivax, Secondary Prevention, Humans, Medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, Relapse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Survival analysis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, biology, business.industry, Research, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Malaria, French Guiana, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Tropical medicine, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Parasitology, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND:The preventive treatment of Plasmodium vivax relapse recommended by the World Health Organization is primaquine at a dose of 15 mg/day for 14 days, except for malaria cases from Asia and Oceania. Since 2006, CDC recommends the use of primaquine at 30 mg/day for 14 days. In France, all cases of malaria due to P. vivax are treated with 30 mg of primaquine. This systematically increased dosage needs to be evaluated according to epidemiological context. The aim of the study was to compare relapses after 14 days of primaquine at 15 or 30 mg/day.METHODS:All patients treated with primaquine after a vivax malaria episode in French Guiana, between 1 January, 2007 and 1 August, 2016, were studied. Based on the compulsory hospital pharmacy forms for primaquine delivery, adult patients who received 15 or 30 mg of primaquine during 14 days for hypnozoite eradication were included. The recommended dose was initially 15 mg and was changed to 30 mg in 2011. Vivax malaria recurrences within 2 months after primaquine treatment, and vivax malaria recurrences 2-6 months after primaquine in each treatment group were analysed using survival analysis at 2, 3 and 6 months.RESULTS:Out of 544 patients included, 283 received 15 mg/day and 261 received 30 mg/day of primaquine. At 2 and 3 months after primaquine treatment, the number of recurrences was 7 (2.5%) and 19 (7.3%), and 9 (3.4%) and 15 (5.3%), in the 15 and 30 mg groups (p = 0.51 respectively 0.35), respectively. Within 3 months, the median time to recurrence was 2.05 months in the 15 and 30 mg groups. At 6 months after primaquine treatment, the number of recurrences was 25 (8.8%) and 31 (11.9%) at 15 and 30 mg, respectively (p = 0.24). The median time to recurrence was 2.38 months at 15 mg/day and of 2.64 months at 30 mg/day.CONCLUSIONS:There were no significant differences between primaquine at 15 or 30 mg/day for 14 days in the prevention of P. vivax relapses at 2, 3 and 6 months after primaquine treatment in French Guiana
Published: 2018
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18. Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak in Immunocompetent Children from a Remote Area of French Guiana: CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS OUTBREAK IN AMAZONIAN CHILDREN

Author: Denis Blanchet, Romy Razakandrainibe, Félix Djossou, Paul Brousse, B. Guarmit, Camille Girouin, Mathieu Nacher, Magalie Demar, Frédéric Dalle, Elise Martin, Loïc Favennec, A. Buteux, Noémie Martin, Emilie Mosnier, Guillaume Roux, Loïc Epelboin, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Agence Régionale de la Santé, Cayenne, Guyane française (ARS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine [Cayenne, Guyane] (COREVIH), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale ( EPat ), Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] ( PAM ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles ( UA ), Agence Régionale de la Santé, Cayenne, Guyane française ( ARS ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane ( CIC - Antilles Guyane ), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine [Cayenne, Guyane] ( COREVIH ), Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Rural Population, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium, Disease cluster, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Rivers, Virology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Typing, Demography, biology, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Outbreak, Remote area, Infant, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Articles, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Gastroenteritis, Gastrointestinal Tract, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, business, Cryptosporidium hominis, Immunocompetence
Abstract: International audience; In September 2014, an increase in the number of Cryptosporidium spp. gastrointestinal tract infections was reported over a 6-month period among children living in a remote area along the Maroni River in French Guiana. Children presented gastroenteritis symptoms with Cryptosporidium-positive stools. Questionnaires were administered and stool examinations were controlled 3 months after the onset of symptoms. Data collection included demographics, food consumption, river behavior, symptoms, and outcome. Stool specimens were tested using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Samples from the water systems were examined for turbidity and culture for bacteria. Data from the reference laboratory were analyzed to calculate the median cryptosporidiosis incidence among immunocompetent patients from 2008 to 2015. Data on gastroenteritis cases reported by the Delocalized Center for Prevention and Care in the area were also collected. We report a cluster of 14 cases. All cases were children, aged between 4.5 and 38 months. Seven reported moderate to severe dehydration and required hospitalization. Speciation and microbiological typing revealed the cluster strain was Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IbA10G2 but C. hominis IbA9G2 and IbA15G1 strains were also identified. The median incidence in French Guiana was 5.8 cases per year before the outbreak. The first cases of the cluster appeared in the dry season. We describe the clinical features, epidemiology, and state of current investigations for the largest documented outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in French Guiana.
Published: 2018
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19. Histoplasmosis: An oral malignancy-like clinical picture

Author: Christine Aznar, Antoine Adenis, Alain Renaux, Magalie Demar, J. Dufour, Pierre Couppié, Tomasz Chroboczek, Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie [CH de Cayenne, France], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service d′Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie [CH de Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], We acknowledge an Investissement d'Avenir grant of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA ANR-10-LABX-25-01). AA and TC draft the manuscript., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oral, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Malignancy, Microbiology, Histoplasma capsulatum, Histoplasmosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rare case, medicine, lcsh:QH301-705.5, lcsh:R5-920, biology, business.industry, HIV, Oral Tumor, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Special issue section Case Studies in AIDS related Mycoses, Edited by Tihana Bicanic and Darius Armstrong-James, Dermatology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, lcsh:Biology (General), [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Differential diagnosis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Presentation (obstetrics), business, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract: International audience; HIV-associated histoplasmosis is mainly misdiagnosed for granulomatous diseases, such as tuberculosis. Nonetheless, malignancy-like lesions have been reported sporadically in HIV-infected patients. Although the main reported lesions are erosive or ulcerated, here a rare case of oral tumor is reported. This case raises the awareness of this presentation, and the importance of accurate identification in the laboratory. Performing systematic specific stains for fungal elements and culture on tissue samples ensures accurate differential diagnosis.
Published: 2018
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20. MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling for the rapid identification of Chagas disease triatomine vectors and application to the triatomine fauna of French Guiana

Author: Philippe Parola, Maureen Laroche, Denis Blanchet, Gladys Gazelle, Didier Raoult, Jean Michel Berenger, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), and Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Chagas disease, Proteomics, Fauna, Trypanosoma cruzi, 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Animals, Chagas Disease, Triatominae, biology, Ecology, Arthropod Vectors, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Rapid identification, Protein profiling, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Evolutionary biology, GenBank, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Insect Proteins, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology
Abstract: SUMMARYTriatomines are haematophagous insects involved in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease. The vector competence of these arthropods can be highly variable, depending on the species. A precise identification is therefore crucial for the epidemiological surveillance of T. cruzi and the determination of at-risk human populations. To circumvent the difficulties of morphological identification and the lack of comprehensiveness of the GenBank database, we hereby propose an alternative method for triatomine identification. The femurs of the median legs of triatomines from eight different species from French Guiana were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis. Method evaluation was performed on fresh specimens and was applied to dry specimens collected between 1991 and 2003. Femur-derived protein extracts provided reproducible spectra within the same species along with significant interspecies heterogeneity. Validation of the study by blind test analysis provided 100% correct identification of the specimens in terms of the species, sex and developmental stage. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry appears to be a powerful tool for triatomine identification, which is a major step forward in the fight against Chagas disease.
Published: 2018
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21. Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak in Immunocompetent Children from a Remote Area of French Guiana

Author: Mosnier, Emilie, Martin, Noémie, Razakandrainibe, Romy, Dalle, Frédéric, Roux, Guillaume, Buteux, Arnaud, Favennec, Loïc, Brousse, Paul, Guarmit, Basma, Blanchet, Denis, Epelboin, Loïc, Girouin, Camille, Martin, Elise, Djossou, Félix, Nacher, Mathieu, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Agence Régionale de la Santé, Cayenne, Guyane française (ARS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine [Cayenne, Guyane] (COREVIH)
Subjects: [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: International audience; In September 2014, an increase in the number of Cryptosporidium spp. gastrointestinal tract infections was reported over a 6-month period among children living in a remote area along the Maroni River in French Guiana. Children presented gastroenteritis symptoms with Cryptosporidium-positive stools. Questionnaires were administered and stool examinations were controlled 3 months after the onset of symptoms. Data collection included demographics, food consumption, river behavior, symptoms, and outcome. Stool specimens were tested using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Samples from the water systems were examined for turbidity and culture for bacteria. Data from the reference laboratory were analyzed to calculate the median cryptosporidiosis incidence among immunocompetent patients from 2008 to 2015. Data on gastroenteritis cases reported by the Delocalized Center for Prevention and Care in the area were also collected. We report a cluster of 14 cases. All cases were children, aged between 4.5 and 38 months. Seven reported moderate to severe dehydration and required hospitalization. Speciation and microbiological typing revealed the cluster strain was Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IbA10G2 but C. hominis IbA9G2 and IbA15G1 strains were also identified. The median incidence in French Guiana was 5.8 cases per year before the outbreak. The first cases of the cluster appeared in the dry season. We describe the clinical features, epidemiology, and state of current investigations for the largest documented outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in French Guiana.
Published: 2018
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22. Cryptosporidiosis outbreak on children in Amazonia

Author: Mosnier, Emilie, Martin, N, Razakandrainibe, Romy, Dalle, F, Roux, G, Buteux, Arnaud, Favennec, L, Brousse, P, Guarmit, P, Blanchet, D, Epelboin, Loïc, Girouin, C, Martin, E, Djossou, Félix, Nacher, Mathieu, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Guyane (UG), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Latour, Marie, and Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

23. Paediatric Bone and Joint Infections in French Guiana: A 6 Year Retrospective Review

Author: Magalie Demar, Anne Terraz, Anicet Sika, Thierry Basset, Philippe Minodier, Lindsay Osei, Jacques Pochard, Narcisse Elenga, Jerome Clouzeau, Nawal El Houmami, Hervé Seligmann, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Urgences pédiatriques [CHU Nord Marseille], North University Hospital of Marseille, Université de Lyon, Santé Ingénierie Biologie Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE), Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Service de Pédiatrie [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], INSERM U1059, SAINBIOSE - Santé, Ingénierie, Biologie, Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), and Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: Male, Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Bacterial Toxins, Exotoxins, Skin infection, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Leukocidins, 030225 pediatrics, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Prospective cohort study, Retrospective Studies, Arthritis, Infectious, biology, business.industry, Osteomyelitis, Infant, Kingella kingae, Retrospective cohort study, Staphylococcal Infections, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, French Guiana, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Septic arthritis, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; The epidemiology of paediatric bone and joint infections from South America is poorly known. We herein report a retrospective study conducted in whole French Guiana from January 2010 to December 2015. Medical charts of 55 previously healthy children were analysed, identifying 27 with osteomyelitis, 22 with septic arthritis and 6 with multifocal infections and/or osteoarthritis. The male: female ratio was 2.2: 1, and the mean age was 7.5 years. Eighty percent children were >= 36 months old who had predominantly osteomyelitis related to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (p < 0.05) in the course of neglected skin infections. Five children presented with multisystemic infections resulting in one fatality, mainly caused by S. aureus producing Panton-Valentine leucocidin (p < 0.01). In contrast, children aged 6-36 months had more likely culture-negative infections (p < 0.05), septic arthritis and mild clinical and biological features. Further prospective studies are required to better guide rational diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Published: 2017
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24. Illegal gold miners in French Guiana: a neglected population with poor health

Author: Charlotte Charpentier, Anne-Laure Aucouturier, Emilie Mosnier, Florine Corlin, Mathieu Nacher, Quentin Le Hingrat, Louise Hureau, Florence Niemetsky, Yassamine Lazrek, Lise Musset, Antoine Adenis, Magalie Demar, Maylis Douine, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), This study was funded by European Funds for Regional Development (Feder), N° Presage 32,078. The Funding body had no role in the study and in the publication process., CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Gold mining, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Global health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Transborder, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Health policy, education.field_of_study, Communicable disease, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, Neglected population, lcsh:RA1-1270, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Malaria, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Hypertension, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Biostatistics, business, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND:In French Guiana, a French overseas territory in South America, 6 to 10 thousands undocumented persons work illegally in gold mining sites in the Amazonian forest. Precarious life conditions lead to poor health but few data exist on the health status of illegal gold miners in French Guiana. The objective of this article was to describe the sociodemographic and health status of this vulnerable population.METHOD:A prospective cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 on gold mine supply sites at the border between French Guiana and Suriname. Health status was assessed through medical examination, past medical history, haemoglobin concentration, and HIV and malaria testing. A questionnaire was used to collect data about the migration itinerary and life conditions on mining sites.RESULTS:Among the 421 adults included in the study, 93.8% (395/421) were Brazilian, mainly from Maranhão (55.7%, 220/395), the poorest Brazilian state. The sex ratio was 2.4. Overall, 48% of persons never went to school or beyond the primary level. The median time spent in gold mining was quite long (10 years), with a high turn-over. One third of the surveyed population (37.1%, 156/421) had high blood pressure, and only two had a medical follow-up. Most persons had experienced malaria (89.3%, 376/421). They declared frequent arboviroses and digestive disorders. Active leishmaniasis was observed in 8.3% of gold miners. Among women, 28.5% were anemic. Concerning HIV, 36.6% (154/421) of persons, mainly men, never got tested before and 6 were tested positive, which represented an HIV prevalence of 1.43% (95%CI =0.29-2.5).CONCLUSION:These findings support the hypothesis that mining in remote areas is linked to several specific illnesses. Theoretically, gold miners would be presumed to start their economical migration to French Guiana as a healthy group. However, their strenuous working and living conditions there lead to poor health caused by infectious and non infectious diseases. This description of their health status is precious for health policy planners in French Guiana given the importance of controlling communicable disease, and the severity and range of specific illnesses acquired by this neglected population.TRIAL REGISTRATION:Clinical trial registration PRS N° NCT02903706 . Retrospectively registered 09/13/2016.
Published: 2017
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25. Identification of Leishmania by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using a free web-based application and a dedicated mass spectral library

Author: Lachaud, Laurence, Fernández-Arévalo, Anna, Normand, Anne Cécile, Lami, Patrick, Nabet, Cécile, Donnadieu, Jean Luc, Piarroux, Martine, Djenad, Farid, Cassagne, Carole, Ravel, Christophe, Tebar, Silvia, Llovet, Teresa, Blanchet, Denis, Demar, Magalie, Harrat, Zoubir, Aoun, Karim, Bastien, Patrick, Muñoz, Carmen, Gallego, Montserrat, Piarroux, Renaud, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules (LR11IPT06), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre National de référence de la Toxoplasmose (CNRT), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)
Subjects: parasitic diseases, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Human leishmaniasis are widely spread diseases with different clinical forms caused by about 20 species within the Leishmania genus. Leishmania species identification is relevant for therapeutic management and prognosis, especially for cutaneous and muco-cutaneous forms. Several methods are available to identify Leishmania species from culture, but they have not been standardized for the majority of the currently described species, with the exception of MultiLocus Enzyme Electrophoresis. Moreover, these techniques are expensive, time-consuming and not available in all laboratories. Within the last decade, mass spectrometry (MS) has been adapted for microorganism identification, including Leishmania However, no commercial reference mass spectral database is available. In this study, a reference mass spectral library (MSL) for Leishmania isolates, accessible through a free web-based application (mass spectral identification, MSI), was constructed and tested. It includes mass spectral data for 33 different Leishmania species, including species that infect humans, animals and phlebotomine vectors. Four laboratories on two continents evaluated MSI performance using 268 samples of which 231 were Leishmania strains. All Leishmania strains, but one, were correctly identified at least at the complex level. A risk of species misidentification within the L. donovani, L. guyanensis and L. braziliensis complexes was observed, as already reported with other techniques. The tested application was reliable, with identification results comparable to those obtained with reference methods, but with a more favorable cost-efficiency ratio. This free online identification system relies on a scalable database and can be implemented directly in the user's computers.
Published: 2017
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26. Cryptococcose disséminée : explorations immunitaires chez 6 patients non infectés par le VIH (PARA-02)

Author: Goupil de Bouillé, Jeanne, Epelboin, Loïc, Djossou, Félix, Blanchet, Denis, Aznar, Christine, Henaff, F., Lanternier, Fanny, Guery, Romain, Puel, Anne, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Guyane (UG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

27. Human leptospirosis in French Guiana: current knowledge and perspectives

Author: Epelboin, Loïc, Le Turnier, Paul, Picardeau, Mathieu, Schaub, Roxane, Petit-Sinturel, Marion, Villemant, Nicolas, Trombert-Paolantoni, Sabine, Berlioz-Arthaud, Alain, Bisser, Sylvie, Mosnier, Emilie, Ardillon, Vanessa, Jolivet, Anne, Demar, Magalie, Nacher, Mathieu, Bourhy, Pascale, Djossou , Felix, Université de Guyane (UG), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Cellule Inter Régionale d'Epidémiologie des Antilles - Guyane, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Géographie (UP1 UFR08), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire CERBA [Saint Ouen l'Aumône], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH Guyane), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: Leptospira, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neglected tropical disease, Leptospirose, Maladie tropicale négligée, French Guiana, Épidémiologie, Zoonosis, Guyane française // Keywords: Leptospirosis, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Guyane française, Zoonose, Leptospirosis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: Leptospirosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by the bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The warm and wet climate of the intertropical zone is particularly favorable with its expansion. In French Guiana, a French territory located at the North-East of the South American continent in Amazonian area, it seems to be rare. The objective of this article is to make the inventory of current knowledge on the epidemiology of human leptospirosis in French Guiana, and to discuss the prospects concerning this disease and improve its surveillance. Publications on leptospirosis in French Guiana are rare and old, and date from 1940 to 1995. The annual reports of the National Reference Centre of Leptospirosis (NRC, Pasteur Institute) show a quite stable annual number of cases, varying from 6 to 18 between 1996 and 2012, depending on the year, with a significant increase from 2013 to 2015, respectively 36, 92 and 67 cases a year. A retrospective study conducted recently on the cases which occurred between 2007 and 2014 with very strict inclusion criteria, identified 72 cases on the territory, among whom 12 (16.7%) severe cases and 3 (4.2%) deaths. The disease affects mainly men (86.1%) aged between 20 and 49 years (63.9%). It is probable that leptospirosis is a neglected disease in the region, due to the absence of quickly available diagnostic tools, the lack of awareness of clinicians on this pathology, and the existence of many other infectious agents with similar clinical presentations during acute episodes (such as malarias, arboviruses, Q fever and Amazonian toxoplasmosis). The implementation of larger studies is necessary to know the true burden of this disease in French Guiana., La leptospirose est une zoonose cosmopolite causée par les bactéries du genre Leptospira. Le climat chaud et humide de la zone intertropicale est particulièrement propice à son expansion. En Guyane, département français situé au nord-est du continent sud-américain, en région amazonienne, elle semble rare. L’objectif de cet article est de récapituler l’état des connaissances actuelles sur l’épidémiologie de leptospirose humaine en Guyane et de discuter les perspectives pour en améliorer la surveillance.Les publications sur la leptospirose en Guyane sont rares et anciennes, datant des années 1940-1995. Les rapports annuels du Centre national de référence de la leptospirose (CNR, Institut Pasteur de Paris) montrent un nombre annuel de cas assez stable entre 1996 et 2012, variant de 6 à 18 selon les années, avec une augmentation importante de 2013 à 2015 : respectivement 36, 92 et 67 cas par an. Une étude rétrospective menée récemment sur les cas survenus entre 2007 et 2014, identifiés avec des critères diagnostiques très stricts, a comptabilisé 72 cas sur le département, parmi lesquels 12 (16,7%) cas graves et 3 (4,2%) décès. La maladie touchait principalement des hommes (86,1%) âgés de 20 à 49 ans (63,9%).Il est probable que la leptospirose soit une maladie négligée dans la région, du fait de l’absence d’outils diagnostiques rapidement disponibles, de la méconnaissance des cliniciens de cette pathologie et de la présence de nombreuses autres pathologies à symptômes cliniques similaires en phase aiguë (paludismes, arboviroses, fièvre Q, toxoplasmose amazonienne). La mise en place d’études de plus grande ampleur est nécessaire pour connaître le véritable impact de cette maladie en Guyane.
Published: 2017

28. Paludisme et orpaillage illégal en Guyane : un enjeu majeur de santé publique

Author: Maylis Douine, Lise Musset, Florine Corlin, Stéphane Pelleau, Yassamine Lazrek, Louise Mutricy, Antoine Adenis, Emilie Mosnier, Félix Djossou, Magalie Pierre Demar, Mathieu Nacher, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), L’étude a bénéficié d’un Financement européen pour le développement régional (Feder, n° Présage 32078) et du fondsSanté publique France dans le cadre du mandat CNR pour la réalisation des génotypages K13 et le financement du tempstechnique et scientifique dédié à ce projet., Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: National audience; Introduction – Le nombre d’accès palustres diminue globalement en Guyane, alors que les orpailleurs travaillantsur les sites illégaux semblent particulièrement touchés par cette pathologie. Les objectifs de cette étudeétaient de déterminer la prévalence du paludisme dans cette population, les comportements associés ainsi quele niveau de résistance des parasites vis-à-vis des dérivés de l’artémisinine.Matériel et méthodes – Les inclusions ont eu lieu sur les sites de repli fréquentés par les orpailleurs le long dufleuve Maroni. Ont été effectués : un test de diagnostic rapide du paludisme, un questionnaire, un prélèvementsanguin pour PCR et un génotypage du gène pfK13 pour les PCR positives à Plasmodium falciparum.Résultats – De janvier à juin 2015, 421 orpailleurs ont été inclus, majoritairement des hommes (70,6%) brésiliens(93,8%). La prévalence du portage de plasmodies déterminée par PCR était en moyenne de 22,3%(IC95%: [18,3-26,3]), à 84% asymptomatiques. Les espèces identifiées étaient principalement P. falciparum(47,9%) puis P. vivax (37,2%), plus 10,6% de co-infections. Lors du dernier accès palustre, 52,4% des orpailleursavaient eu recours à l’automédication, majoritairement avec des dérivés de l’artémisinine (93,8%) avecune mauvaise observance (37,8%). L’analyse du gène pfK13 n’a pas mis en évidence de mutations associéesà la résistance à P. falciparumDiscussion – La prévalence élevée de porteurs asymptomatiques de plasmodies constitue un réservoir importantde transmission dans la région. L’utilisation massive de dérivés de l’artémisinine associée à une mauvaise observancedes traitements sont des facteurs de risque d’émergence de résistance imposant des mesures rapides
Published: 2017

29. In Vitro Sensitivity of Cutaneous Leishmania Promastigote Isolates Circulating in French Guiana to a Set of Drugs

Author: Simon, Stéphane, Nacher, Mathieu, Demar, Magalie, Carme, Bernard, Couppié, Pierre, Scotto, Camille Inès, Burger, Pauline, Khodjet el Khil, Mehdi, Ginouves, Marine, Prévôt, Ghislaine, Blanchet, Denis, Delprete, Piero, Fernandez, Xavier, Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de Référence Leishmania [Cayenne, Guyanne Française] (Laboratoire Associé), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Guyanais de Dermatologie Tropicale, E.A. 2188, This work was supported by the University of French Guiana and the Ministère Français de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, the Conseil Régional de la Guyane and the European Union (FEDER-Presage N° 31454), and the 'Investissement d’Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Meglumine antimoniate, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Paromomycin, Drug resistance, Pharmacology, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Amphotericin B, parasitic diseases, medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Miltefosine, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Leishmaniasis, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Leishmania braziliensis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, medicine.drug, Pentamidine
Abstract: International audience; Anti-leishmaniasis drug resistance is a common problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to inventory the general in vitro level of sensitivity of Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana and to highlight potential in vitro pentamidine-resistant isolates. This sensitivity study was conducted on 36 patient-promastigote isolates for seven drugs (amphotericin B, azithromycin, fluconazole, meglumine antimoniate, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine) using the Cell Counting Kit-8 viability test. The IC50 values obtained were heterogeneous. One isolate exhibited high IC50 values for almost all drugs tested. Pentamidine, which is the first-line treatment in French Guiana, showed efficacy at very low doses (mean of 0.0038 μg/mL). The concordance of the in vitro pentamidine results with the patients' clinical outcomes was 94% (K = 0.82).
Published: 2016
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30. Evidence of Bartonella spp. in Blood and Ticks (Ornithodoros hasei) of Bats, in French Guiana

Author: Didier Raoult, Bernard Davoust, Marie Cheuret, Jean-Michel Berenger, Jean-Lou Marié, Jean-Michel Bompar, Oleg Mediannikov, Mustapha Dahmani, Denis Blanchet, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de Santé des Armées, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Bartonella, DNA, Bacterial, reservoir, Veterinary medicine, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, bat, Microbiology, Pteronotus parnellii, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ticks, Species Specificity, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Phylogenetics, Virology, Bartonella Infections, Chiroptera, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Animals, RNA RIBOSOMAL 16S, Phylogeny, Larva, bartonellosis, biology, biology.organism_classification, Noctilio albiventris, 3. Good health, French Guiana, RNA, Bacterial, Infectious Diseases, Ornithodoros hasei, Bartonella Infection
Abstract: International audience; We screened blood from 59 bats from French Guiana for Bartonella spp. PCRs were positive for 13.6% and culture was positive in one Noctilio albiventris and one Pteronotus parnellii, as well as in Ornithodoros hasei ticks collected from bats. Two isolated strains represent possible two new species.
Published: 2016
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31. Performance Testing of PCR Assay in Blood Samples for the Diagnosis of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in AIDS Patients from the French Departments of America and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii: A Prospective and Multicentric Study

Author: Cyrille Vautrin, Magalie Demar, Daniel Ajzenberg, Isabelle Lamaury, Rachida Boukhari, Marie-Laure Dardé, André Cabié, Muriel Nicolas, Patrice Massip, Homayoun Riahi, Michel Dupon, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Anaïs Labrunie, Pierre-Marie Preux, Stéphane Simon, Marie-Paule Boncoeur, Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) ( CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC ), CHU Limoges, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service des maladies infectieuses, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Medicine Department, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale ( EPat ), Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane ( CIC - Antilles Guyane ), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale, Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] ( SIME ), Unité Fonctionnelle de Recherche Clinique et de Biostatistique ( UFRCB ), Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale [CHU Limoges], Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Inflammation, infection, immunologie et loco-moteur [CHU Toulouse] (Pôle I3LM Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME), Service de Neuroradiologie interventionnelle [CHU Limoges], French Ministry of Health (PHRC R 2007- R-04), ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00803621, Douady, Claire, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Toulouse], Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Toxoplasmic encephalitis, Male, Viral Diseases, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Geographical locations, law.invention, Toxoplasma Gondii, law, Genotype, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Ethnicities, Cluster Analysis, French People, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Polymerase chain reaction, Protozoans, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, French Guiana, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral, Female, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Brazil, Research Article, Adult, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030106 microbiology, Research and Analysis Methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Diagnostic Medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Molecular Biology Techniques, Genotyping, Molecular Biology, Caribbean, Genetic diversity, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Protozoan Infections, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Toxoplasma gondii, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetic Variation, lcsh:RA1-1270, South America, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Parasitic Protozoans, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, People and Places, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Population Groupings, business, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Background Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS is a life-threatening disease mostly due to reactivation of Toxoplasma gondii cysts in the brain. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of real-time PCR assay in peripheral blood samples for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS patients in the French West Indies and Guiana. Methodology/Principal Findings Adult patients with HIV and suspicion of toxoplasmic encephalitis with start of specific antitoxoplasmic therapy were included in this study during 40 months. The real-time PCR assay targeting the 529 bp repeat region of T. gondii was performed in two different centers for all blood samples. A Neighbor-Joining tree was reconstructed from microsatellite data to examine the relationships between strains from human cases of toxoplasmosis in South America and the Caribbean. A total of 44 cases were validated by a committee of experts, including 36 cases with toxoplasmic encephalitis. The specificity of the PCR assay in blood samples was 100% but the sensitivity was only 25% with moderate agreement between the two centers. Altered level of consciousness and being born in the French West Indies and Guiana were the only two variables that were associated with significantly decreased risk of false negative results with the PCR assay. Conclusion/Significance Our results showed that PCR sensitivity in blood samples increased with severity of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS patients. Geographic origin of patients was likely to influence PCR sensitivity but there was little evidence that it was caused by differences in T. gondii strains. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00803621, Author Summary Diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) in patients with AIDS is not straightforward because clinicians rely initially on an empiric diagnosis based on clinical and radiographic improvement to specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii therapy. There is therefore a need for biological tools to improve the diagnosis of TE, especially in tropical areas where this diagnosis is likely to be underestimated. The use of PCR testing in blood samples for the diagnosis of TE has been limited by its poor sensitivity in the studies conducted in Europe. In tropical South America, the results of PCR sensitivity in blood samples were controversial. Considering that T. gondii strains from tropical South America have substantial genetic and pathogenic differences with those from USA and Europe, it is therefore important to re-evaluate the performance of the PCR assay in blood samples for the diagnosis of TE in AIDS patients from this region. Our results showed that the only interest of PCR would be in the most severe forms of TE with altered consciousness because PCR is more likely to be positive. We also provided important genotyping data on T. gondii strains isolated in human cases of toxoplasmosis in the Caribbean and in South America.
Published: 2016
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32. Factors associated with malaria chemoprophylaxis compliance among French service members deployed in Central African Republic

Author: Catherine Marimoutou, Sébastien Briolant, Franck de Laval, Aurélie Mayet, Guillaume Velut, Marie-Aude Créach, Xavier Deparis, Jean-Baptiste Meynard, Bruno Pradines, Luc Aigle, Rémy Michel, Fabrice Simon, Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé [Cayenne, Guyane française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Operation Sangaris [Bangui, Central African Republic], Ecole du Val-de-Grâce [Paris, France], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Service de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale [HIA Laveran, Marseille], Hôpital d'instruction des armées Laveran, Troubles du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent (UMR_S 669), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), COMBE, Isabelle, Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées, Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées ( IRBA ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes ( URMITE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département de Recherche Clinique, CISIH-Sud, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - AMU - IRD ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale, Troubles du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent ( UMR_S 669 ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Chemoprophylaxis, Logistic regression, Chemoprevention, Medication Adherence, Antimalarials, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Personality, Retrospective Studies, Peer-to-peer reinforcement, media_common, business.industry, Research, Public health, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Malaria, 3. Good health, Central African Republic, Armed forces, Risk perception, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Military Personnel, Infectious Diseases, Health education, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Parasitology, France, business, Psychosocial, Compliance, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Background: Malaria is a public health concern in the French armed forces, with 400-800 cases reported every year and three deaths in the past 2 years. However, lack of chemoprophylaxis (CP) compliance is often reported among service members. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with CP compliance. Methods: A retrospective study (1296 service members) was carried out among troops deployed in Central African Republic. Determinants of CP were collected by self-questionnaire. Socio-demographic variables, behavioural characteristics, belief variables, operational determinants such as troops in contact (TIC) and number of nights worked per week and peer-to-peer reinforcement were studied. Relationships between covariates and compliance were explored using logistic regressions (outcome: compliance as a dummy variable). Results: Chemoprophylaxis compliance was associated with other individual preventive measures against mosquito bites (bed net use, OR (odds ratio) = 1.41 (95 % CI [1.08-1.84]), and insecticide on clothing, OR = 1.90 ([1.43-2.51]) and malaria-related behaviours (taking chemoprophylaxis at the same time every day, OR = 2.37 ([1.17-4.78]) and taking chemoprophylaxis with food, OR = 1.45 ([1.11-1.89])). High perceived risk of contracting malaria, OR = 1.59 ([1.02-2.50]), positive perception of CP effectiveness, OR = 1.62 ([1.09-2.40]) and the practice of peer-to-peer reinforcement, OR = 1.38 ([1.05-1.82]) were also associated with better compliance. No association was found with TIC and number of nights worked. Conclusions: This study, which shows a positive relationship between peer-to-peer reinforcement and CP compliance, also suggests the existence of two main personality profiles among service members: those who seek risks and those who are health-conscious. Health education should be expanded beyond knowledge, know-how and motivational factors by using a comprehensive approach based on identification of health determinants, development of psychosocial skills and peer-to-peer reinforcement.
Published: 2016
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33. Amazonian Triatomine Biodiversity and the Transmission of Chagas Disease in French Guiana: In Medio Stat Sanitas

Author: Julie Péneau, Sébastien Gourbière, Denis Blanchet, Anne Nguyen, Alheli Flores-Ferrer, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Chagas disease, Species Delimitation, Epidemiology, Speciation, Biodiversity, 0302 clinical medicine, Abundance (ecology), Medicine and Health Sciences, Triatominae, Species diversity, Protozoans, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Disease vectors, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Female, Seasons, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Trypanosoma, Evolutionary Processes, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Ecological Metrics, lcsh:RC955-962, Trypanosoma cruzi, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, Parasitic Diseases, Vector-borne diseases, Animals, Humans, Relative species abundance, Evolutionary Biology, Protozoan Infections, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, 15. Life on land, Tropical Diseases, biology.organism_classification, Parasitic Protozoans, Insect Vectors, Panstrongylus geniculatus, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Vector (epidemiology), Earth Sciences, Geographic distribution
Abstract: The effects of biodiversity on the transmission of infectious diseases now stand as a cornerstone of many public health policies. The upper Amazonia and Guyana shield are hot-spots of biodiversity that offer genuine opportunities to explore the relationship between the risk of transmission of Chagas disease and the diversity of its triatomine vectors. Over 730 triatomines were light-trapped in four geomorphological landscapes shaping French-Guiana, and we determined their taxonomic status and infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. We used a model selection approach to unravel the spatial and temporal variations in species abundance, diversity and infection. The vector community in French-Guiana is typically made of one key species (Panstrongylus geniculatus) that is more abundant than three secondary species combined (Rhodnius pictipes, Panstrongylus lignarius and Eratyrus mucronatus), and four other species that complete the assemblage. Although the overall abundance of adult triatomines does not vary across French-Guiana, their diversity increases along a coastal-inland gradient. These variations unravelled a non-monotonic relationship between vector biodiversity and the risk of transmission of Chagas disease, so that intermediate biodiversity levels are associated with the lowest risks. We also observed biannual variations in triatomine abundance, representing the first report of a biannual pattern in the risk of Chagas disease transmission. Those variations were highly and negatively correlated with the average monthly rainfall. We discuss the implications of these patterns for the transmission of T. cruzi by assemblages of triatomine species, and for the dual challenge of controlling Amazonian vector communities that are made of both highly diverse and mostly intrusive species., Author Summary A major aspect of the evolution of Life on Earth is the contemporary loss of biodiversity. To understand the effects of biodiversity on biological phenomena is increasingly important. A key question is whether biodiversity facilitates or reduces infectious diseases transmission. Surprisingly, although many human pathogens are transmitted by arthropods, we still know little about the impact of their diversity on disease risk. We focused our investigation on French Guiana, a hot-spot of biodiversity, and looked at the effect of triatomine vector diversity on the risk of Chagas disease transmission, a major zoonosis in Latin American. We collected bugs in various locations and times, and quantified their infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. We showed that triatomine diversity varies between landscapes and that intermediate levels of diversity lead to minimal risks of transmission. Accordingly, losing vector biodiversity could have positive or negative effects on Chagas disease risk, depending on the pre-existing level of such diversity. A second key result emerging from this study is that highly diverse vector community can lead to biannual peaks of transmission of Chagas disease, which places populations in a "double jeopardy" each year. This calls for a better assessment and account of triatomine biodiversity in public health policy.
Published: 2016
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34. Investigation de cas groupés de cryptosporidiose chez des enfants de la région du Haut-Maroni, Guyane. Septembre 2014 à février 2015

Author: Martin, N., Mosnier, Emilie, Favennec, Loic, Roux, G., Buteux, Arnaud, Guarmit, B., Epelboin, Loïc, Girouin, Camille, Brousse, Paul, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Guyane (UG), Agence Régionale de la Santé, Cayenne, Guyane française (ARS), Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Matillon, Mirlène
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

35. Clinical epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, French Guiana, 2008-2014

Author: Magalie Demar, Pierre Couppié, Hatem Kallel, Mathieu Nacher, Christine Simonnet, Didier Hommel, Félix Djossou, Aba Mahamat, Xavier Bertrand, B. Moreau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut de l’Élevage, Centre Hospitalier Andrée-Rosemond, Epidemiologie des Parasitoses Tropicales ( EPaT Team ), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département de Biologie, Unité de Biochimie des Lipides et des Protéines, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale ( EPat ), Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles ( UA ), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane ( CIC - Antilles Guyane ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine ( COREVIH Guyane ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM)-Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH Guyane)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Acinetobacter baumannii, Imipenem, MESH : Retrospective Studies, Epidemiology, MESH : Multilocus Sequence Typing, MESH: beta-Lactamases, MESH : Carbapenems, Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Carbapenems, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, polycyclic compounds, MESH : Bacterial Proteins, Pharmacology (medical), MESH : Female, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, Cross Infection, Molecular Epidemiology, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, MESH : beta-Lactamases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Hospitals, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, French Guiana, MESH : Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Multilocus Sequence Typing, MESH: Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Amikacin, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Female, MESH: Acinetobacter Infections, MESH : Cross Infection, medicine.drug, Acinetobacter Infections, Microbiology (medical), Adult, MESH : French Guiana, MESH : Male, 030106 microbiology, MESH : Molecular Epidemiology, MESH : Young Adult, Tazobactam, beta-Lactam Resistance, beta-Lactamases, Microbiology, Carbapenem-resistant, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Bacterial Proteins, MESH : beta-Lactam Resistance, MESH: French Guiana, medicine, Humans, MESH: Molecular Epidemiology, MESH : Acinetobacter Infections, Intensive care unit, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Disease Outbreaks, MESH : Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, MESH : Acinetobacter baumannii, Retrospective Studies, MESH : Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, MESH: Humans, Molecular epidemiology, business.industry, MESH: Acinetobacter baumannii, MESH : Humans, Outbreak, MESH: Cross Infection, MESH: Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adult, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, MESH: Male, MESH: beta-Lactam Resistance, Carbapenems, Colistin, Nosocomial, business, MESH: Female, Piperacillin, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: International audience; This study investigated the clinical epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii and characterised the clonal diversity of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) during an ICU-associated outbreak at Cayenne Hospital, French Guiana. All non-duplicate A. baumannii isolates from 2008 to 2014 were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion. Multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and characterisation of carbapenemase-encoding genes were performed on CRAB. Of the 441 A. baumannii isolates, most were from males (54.0%) and were detected mainly from the ICU (30.8%) and medicine wards (21.8%). In the ICU, strains were mainly isolated from the respiratory tract (44.1%) and bloodstream (14.0%), whereas in medicine wards they mainly were from wound/drainage (36.5%) and bloodstream (25.0%). A. baumannii showed the greatest susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (92.7%), imipenem (92.5%), colistin (95.6%) and amikacin (97.2%), being lower in the ICU and medicine wards compared with other wards. An outbreak of OXA-23-producing CRAB occurred in the 13-bed ICU in 2010. CRAB strains were more co-resistant to other antimicrobials compared with non-CRAB. Molecular genetics analysis revealed five sequence types [ST78, ST107 and ST642 and two new STs (ST830 and ST831)]. Analysis of PFGE profiles indicated cross-transmissions of CRAB within the ICU, between the ICU and one medicine ward during transfer of patients, and within that medicine ward. This study provides the first clinical and molecular data of A. baumannii from French Guiana and the Amazon basin. The ICU was the highest risk unit of this nosocomial outbreak of OXA-23-producing CRAB, which could subsequently disseminate within the hospital.
Published: 2016

36. Human leptospirosis in French Guiana: first multicentric transversal study (2007-2014)

Author: Le Turnier, P., Epelboin, Loïc, Mosnier, Emilie, Schaub, Roxane, Jolivet, A, Berlioz-Arthaud, Alain, Bourhy, Pascale, Picardeau, Mathieu, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Djossou, M, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Guyane (UG), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly [Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: french guiana, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], leptospirosis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

37. Prevalence and Distribution of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania Parasites from French Guiana

Author: Ghislaine Prévot, Eliane Bourreau, Marine Ginouves, Stéphane Simon, Pierre Couppié, Catherine Ronet, Mathieu Nacher, Magalie Demar, Vincent Lacoste, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], This work was supported by the University of the French West Indies and French Guiana and the Ministère Français de l ’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. It has benefited from an Investissement d’ Avenir grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, reference no. ANR-10-LABX-25-01), We thank trainees Claudiane Flora and Yasmina Auguste for their participation in this research work., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lacoste, Vincent, and Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Leishmaniasis, MESH: Leishmania, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmania guyanensis, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, parasitic diseases, MESH: French Guiana, medicine, Parasite hosting, Humans, RNA Viruses, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Leishmaniasis, Leishmania, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: Humans, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA virus, Articles, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Leishmania braziliensis, 3. Good health, Leishmania Infections, French Guiana, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, MESH: RNA, Viral, RNA, Viral, Parasitology, MESH: RNA Viruses, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; In South America, the presence of the Leishmania RNA virus type 1 (LRV1) was described in Leishmania guyanensis and Leishmania braziliensis strains. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence distribution of LRV1 in Leishmania isolates in French Guiana given that, in this French overseas department, most Leishmania infections are due to these parasite species. The presence of the virus was observed in 74% of Leishmania spp. isolates, with a highest presence in the internal areas of the country.
Published: 2016
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38. New Rickettsia species in soft ticks Ornithodoros hasei collected from bats in French Guiana

Author: Gautier Ganay, Marie Cheuret, Jean-Michel Berenger, Jean-Lou Marié, Bernard Davoust, Philippe Parola, Didier Raoult, Jean-Michel Bompar, Oleg Mediannikov, Cristina Socolovschi, Denis Blanchet, Djamel Tahir, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Santé des Armées, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Bartonella, animal structures, Candidatus Rickettsia wissemanii, 030231 tropical medicine, Tick, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Borrelia, Chiroptera, parasitic diseases, Animals, Rickettsia spp, Rickettsia, Ornithodoros, Phylogeny, biology, Argasidae, Bat, Rickettsia Infections, biology.organism_classification, Coxiella burnetii, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, Spotted fever, French Guiana, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Insect Science, Candidatus, bacteria, Parasitology, Ornithodoros hasei
Abstract: International audience; In French Guiana, located on the northeastern coast of South America, bats of different species are very numerous. The infection of bats and their ticks with zoonotic bacteria, especially Rickettsia species, is so far unknown. In order to improve knowledge of these zoonotic pathogens in this French overseas department, the presence and diversity of tick-borne bacteria was investigated with molecular tools in bat ticks. In the beginning of 2013, 32 bats were caught in Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, an area close to the coast of French Guiana, and the ticks of these animals were collected. A total of 354 larvae of Argasidae soft ticks (Ornithodoros hasei) from 12 bats (Noctilio albiventris) were collected and 107 of them were analysed. DNA was extracted from the samples and quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to detect Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp. and Coxiella burnetii. All tested samples were negative for Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp. and Coxiella burnetii. Rickettsia DNA was detected in 31 (28.9%) ticks. An almost entire (1118 base pairs long) sequence of the gltA gene was obtained after the amplification of some positive samples on conventional PCR and sequencing. A Bayesian tree was constructed using concatenated rrs, gltA, ompA, ompB, and gene D sequences. The study of characteristic sequences shows that this Rickettsia species is very close (98.3-99.8%) genetically to R. peacockii. Nevertheless, the comparative analysis of sequences obtained from gltA, ompA, ompB, rrs and gene D fragments demonstrated that this Rickettsia is different from the other members of the spotted fever group. The sequences of this new species were deposited in GenBank as Candidatus Rickettsia wissemanii. This is the first report showing the presence of nucleic acid of Rickettsia in Ornithodoros hasei ticks from South American bats. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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39. Outbreaks of toxoplasmosis in a captive breeding colony of squirrel monkeys

Author: Stéphane Simon, Daniel Ajzenberg, Magalie Demar, Bernard Carme, Benoit de Thoisy, Marie-Laure Dardé, Bertrand Maubert, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), and CHU Limoges
Subjects: Genotype, 040301 veterinary sciences, 030231 tropical medicine, Breeding, Disease Outbreaks, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, Captive breeding, medicine, Animals, Saimiri, Molecular Epidemiology, Virulence, General Veterinary, biology, Monkey Diseases, Squirrel monkey, Outbreak, Toxoplasma gondii, Saimiri sciureus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, 3. Good health, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Toxoplasma
Abstract: International audience; Toxoplasma gondii is highly virulent in New World monkeys, but despite numerous outbreaks observed in captive populations there are few reports of molecular characterization of strains. In this article, we describe two outbreaks of toxoplasmosis that occurred in 2001 and 2006 in an outdoor captive breeding colony of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) kept by the Institut Pasteur in French Guiana. A microsatellite DNA analysis of the biological samples collected in the 2001 and 2006 outbreaks showed that two different Toxoplasma strains were involved. The 2001 strain exhibited a type II genotype whereas the 2006 strain showed a combination of type I, type III and atypical alleles. Infection could be related to oocysts contaminating water or food, or to ingestion of rats by monkeys. In 2006, a second episode was observed 3 weeks after the first, and was believed to be related to direct contamination by tachyzoites of bronchopulmonary origin from dying monkeys of the first event. During both outbreaks, a total of 50 monkeys died and none recovered spontaneously, confirming the virulence of both type II and non-type II Toxoplasma strains in New World monkeys.
Published: 2009
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40. Neotropical echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus vogeli in a 6-year-old child: the second case report in humans in French Guiana

Author: Angela Fior, Christine Aznar, Anne Debourgogne, Stéphane Simon, Gérald Umhang, Denis Blanchet, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Registre des Cancers de Guyane, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Biopsy, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Echinococcus vogeli, Parasitic infection, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Echinococcosis, parasitic diseases, medicine, Molecular diagnostic techniques, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, business.industry, Histocytochemistry, Neglected Disease, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Echinococcus, French Guiana, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Molecular diagnosis, business
Abstract: International audience; Human polycystic echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus vogeli which occurs in rural areas of Central and South America. Abdominal echinococcosis caused by E. vogeli is reported for the first time in a child, a 6-year-old boy in French Guiana. The diagnosis was made by histological and molecular techniques. In tropical regions, this neglected disease must be considered even in children.
Published: 2015
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41. Méningo-encéphalite à Histoplasma capsulatum chez une patiente infectée par le VIH : une pathologie à évoquer chez les patients vivant en Amérique latine ou en revenant

Author: Dione, A, Epelboin, Loïc, Walter, G, Mosnier, Emilie, Bidaud, B, Carrera, C, Jeanbourquin, D, Adenis, Antoine, Nacher, Mathieu, Blanchet, D., Savatovsky, Julien, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Hôpital François Mitterand (PAU - Hop F Mitterand), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris], and Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: Histoplasmose, Méningo-encéphalite, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, VIH, Tuberculose, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: National audience; Une Brésilienne de 39 ans est adressée à l’hôpital de Cayenne pour des céphalées, une confusion fébrile et une altération de l’état général. Six mois plus tôt, une infection par le VIH avait été révélée (charge virale de 147 615 copies/ ml ; CD4 à 56/ mm3), au Brésil, par un tableau de tuberculose pleuro-pulmonaire non documentée. Elle suit depuis un traitement antirétroviral et une quadrithérapie antituberculeuse, sans cotrimoxazole, traitement toujours en cours à son entrée.
Published: 2015

42. PADS 2-06 - Paludisme et orpaillage en Guyane : une situation alarmante mais hétérogène

Author: L. Mutricy, F. Djossou, Helene Hiwat, Florine Corlin, Denis Blanchet, Lise Musset, Mathieu Nacher, Maylis Douine, Stéphane Pelleau, M. Demar, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Malaria Program, Paramaribo, Suriname, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], and ADENIS, ANTOINE
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: National audience; Introduction Le paludisme est en nette diminution en Guyane actuellement. Des foyers de transmission persistent en population autochtone, mais cette pathologie touche aujourd’hui majoritairement les orpailleurs clandestins travaillant en Guyane. Cette étude avait pour objectifs d’évaluer le portage de Plasmodium par bassin d’orpaillage et les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques(CAP) des orpailleurs clandestins vis-à-vis du paludisme.
Published: 2016
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43. HIV-Associated Histoplasmosis Early Mortality and Incidence Trends: From Neglect to Priority.: HIV - associated histoplasmosis early mortality

Author: Matthieu Hanf, Magalie Demar, Christine Aznar, Antoine Adenis, Rachida Boukhari, Vincent Vantilcke, Denis Blachet, Bernard Carme, Pierre Couppié, Mathieu Nacher, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie
Subjects: Male, Viral Diseases, Antifungal Agents, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Young adult, Histoplasmosis, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Incidence (epidemiology), Mortality rate, Incidence, Fungal Diseases, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Histoplasma capsulatum, French Guiana, Death, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Female, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Infectious Disease Control, lcsh:RC955-962, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Retrospective Studies, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, lcsh:RA1-1270, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract: Background Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in French Guiana. It is the most common AIDS-defining illness and the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths. Diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved in this French overseas territory which offers an interesting model of Amazonian pathogen ecology. The objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to describe early mortality rates observed in persons diagnosed with incident cases of HIV-associated Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum histoplasmosis admitted in one of the three main hospitals in French Guiana between 1992 and 2011. Early mortality was defined by death occurring within 30 days after antifungal treatment initiation. Data were collected on standardized case report forms and analysed using standard statistical methods. Results There were 124 deaths (45.3%) and 46 early deaths (16.8%) among 274 patients. Three time periods of particular interest were identified: 1992–1997, 1998–2004 and 2005–2011. The two main temporal trends were: the proportion of early deaths among annual incident histoplasmosis cases significantly declined four fold (χ2, p, Author Summary Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in French Guiana. It is the most common AIDS-defining illness and the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths. Diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved. The objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana. A retrospective study was conducted to describe early mortality rates observed in persons diagnosed with incident cases of HIV-associated histoplasmosis admitted in one of the three main hospitals of French Guiana between 1992 and 2011. Early mortality was defined by death occurring within 30 days after antifungal treatment initiation. Data were collected on standardized case report forms and analysed using standard statistical methods. Among 274 patients there were 46 early deaths (16.8%). The two main temporal trends were: the proportion of early deaths significantly divided four fold and the number of annual incident histoplasmosis cases increased three fold. The present example testifies that rapid progress could be at reach if awareness increases and leads to clinical and laboratory capacity building in order to diagnose and treat this curable disease.
Published: 2014
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44. Tuberculosis and Histoplasmosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients: A Comparative Study

Author: Bernard Carme, Christine Aznar, Florence Huber, J. Dufour, Matthieu Hanf, Pierre Couppié, Mathieu Nacher, Antoine Adenis, Célia Basurko, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Investissement d'Avenir from the ANR, and ADENIS, ANTOINE
Subjects: Male, Opportunistic infection, MESH: Logistic Models, HIV Infections, Odds Ratio, Medicine, MESH: Histoplasmosis, MESH: Tuberculosis, Histoplasmosis, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, MESH: HIV Infections, Articles, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, French Guiana, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, C-Reactive Protein, Absolute neutrophil count, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Population, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Tuberculosis diagnosis, Virology, Internal medicine, MESH: C-Reactive Protein, Humans, education, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, HIV, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, MESH: Odds Ratio, MESH: Male, Logistic Models, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, Multivariate Analysis, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; In disease-endemic areas, histoplasmosis is the main differential diagnosis for tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, no study has compared the two diseases. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare tuberculosis and histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. A population of 205 HIV-infected patients (99 with tuberculosis and 106 with histoplasmosis) hospitalized in Cayenne, French Guiana during January 1, 1997-December 31, 2008 were selected retrospectively from the French Hospital Database on HIV. Multivariate analysis showed that tuberculosis was associated with cough (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05-0.73) and a C-reactive protein level > 70 mg/L (AOR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). Variables associated with disseminated histoplasmosis were a γ-glutamyl transferase level > 72 IU/L (AOR = 4.99, 95% CI = 1.31-18.99), origin from French Guiana (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.30-20.73), disseminated localization (AOR = 6.40, 95% CI = 1.44-28.45), a concomitant opportunistic infection (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI = 1.50-29.96), a neutrophil count < 2,750 cells/mm(3) (AOR = 10.54, 95% CI = 2.83-39.24), a CD4 cell count < 60 cells/mm(3) (AOR = 11.62, 95% CI = 2.30-58.63), and a platelet count < 150,000/mm(3) (AOR = 19.20, 95% CI = 3.35-110.14). Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis have similarities, but some factors show a greater association with one of these diseases. Thus, adapted therapeutic choices can be made by using simple clinical and paraclinical criteria.
Published: 2014
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45. How many have died from undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-associated histoplasmosis, a treatable disease? Time to act

Author: Christine Aznar, Antoine Adenis, Denis Blanchet, Mathieu Nacher, Magalie Demar, Vincent Vantilcke, Bernard Carme, Pierre Couppié, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la Lutte contre le VIH, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, and ADENIS, ANTOINE
Subjects: Pediatrics, MESH: Erythrocyte Deformability, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, MESH: Logistic Models, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Osteonecrosis, MESH: Risk Assessment, Perspective Piece, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Risk Factors, Prevalence, Medicine, MESH: Histoplasmosis, MESH: Antisickling Agents, MESH: Tuberculosis, MESH: Incidence, Histoplasmosis, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Hydroxyurea, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Anemia, Sickle Cell, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Histoplasma, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, MESH: United States, Humans, MESH: Histoplasma, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Central America, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Central America, MESH: South America, South America, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, United States, MESH: Male, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum capsulatum infection often mimics tuberculosis. This disease is well know in the United States but is dramatically underdiagnosed in Central and South America. In the Amazon region, given the available incidence data and the regional HIV prevalence, it is expected that, every year, 1,500 cases of histoplasmosis affect HIV patients in that region alone. Given the mortality in undiagnosed patients, at least 600 patients would be expected to die from an undiagnosed but treatable disease. The lack of a simple diagnostic tool and the lack of awareness by clinicians spiral in a vicious cycle and made a major problem invisible for 30 years. The HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome community should tackle this problem now to prevent numerous avoidable deaths from HIV-associated histoplasmosis in the region and elsewhere.
Published: 2014
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46. HIV-Associated Histoplasmosis Early Mortality and Incidence Trends: From Neglect to Priority

Author: Adenis, Antoine, Nacher, Mathieu, Hanf, Matthieu, Vantilcke, Vincent, Boukhari, Rachida, Blanchet, Denis, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Aznar, Christine, Carme, Bernard, Couppié, Pierre, ADENIS, ANTOINE, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie
Subjects: AIDS, Death, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HIV, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Histoplasmosis, Histoplasma capsulatum, French Guiana
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in French Guiana. It is the most common AIDS-defining illness and the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths. Diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved in this French overseas territory which offers an interesting model of Amazonian pathogen ecology. The objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to describe early mortality rates observed in persons diagnosed with incident cases of HIV-associated Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum histoplasmosis admitted in one of the three main hospitals in French Guiana between 1992 and 2011. Early mortality was defined by death occurring within 30 days after antifungal treatment initiation. Data were collected on standardized case report forms and analysed using standard statistical methods. RESULTS: There were 124 deaths (45.3%) and 46 early deaths (16.8%) among 274 patients. Three time periods of particular interest were identified: 1992-1997, 1998-2004 and 2005-2011. The two main temporal trends were: the proportion of early deaths among annual incident histoplasmosis cases significantly declined four fold (χ2, p
Published: 2014
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47. Severe Acquired Toxoplasmosis Caused by Wild Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, French Guiana

Author: Marie-Laure Dardé, Daniel Ajzenberg, Magalie Demar, Bernard Carme, Grelier, Elisabeth, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales-Hygiène hospitalière (EA 3593), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), and CHU Limoges
Subjects: Felidae, Acquired Toxoplasmosis, lcsh:Medicine, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Multilocus genotype, MESH: Animals, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Mammals, severe toxoplasmosis, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Toxoplasma, Dispatch, French Guiana, 3. Good health, atypical strains, Infectious Diseases, Acute Disease, MESH: Toxoplasmosis, MESH: Acute Disease, epidemiology, Host adaptation, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Severe disease, Toxoplasma gondii, Animals, Wild, macromolecular substances, MESH: Mammals, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Amazonia, MESH: French Guiana, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Wild, lcsh:RC109-216, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, MESH: Adult, wild cycle French Guiana, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Felidae
Abstract: International audience; From 1998 through 2006, 44 cases of severe primary toxoplasmosis were observed in French Guiana in immunocompetent adults. Toxoplasma gondii isolates exhibited an atypical multilocus genotype. Severe disease in humans may result from poor host adaptation to neotropical zoonotic strains of T. gondii circulating in a forest-based cycle.
Published: 2009

48. Primary Prophylaxis of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in HIV Patients in French Guiana: Arguments for Cost Effectiveness

Author: Vincent Vantilcke, Célia Basurko, Antoine Adenis, Mathieu Nacher, Christine Aznar, Pierre Couppié, Bernard Carme, Denis Blanchet, ADENIS, ANTOINE, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH Guyane), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, Antifungal Agents, Cost effectiveness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, HIV Infections, MESH: Hospitalization, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, MESH: Histoplasmosis, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Cohort Studies, Histoplasmosis, health care economics and organizations, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Incidence, MESH: HIV Infections, Articles, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Female, Itraconazole, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Disseminated histoplasmosis, Virology, MESH: French Guiana, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, MESH: Humans, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Euros, MESH: Antifungal Agents, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Surgery, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Hiv patients, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Parasitology, business, MESH: Itraconazole, MESH: Female, MESH: Cost-Benefit Analysis
Abstract: International audience; Histoplasmosis is the first cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related deaths in French Guiana. Cohort data were used to determine whether primary prophylaxis with 100 mg itraconazole for patients with CD4 counts < 150/mm(3) was cost-effective with different scenarios. For a scenario where 12% of patients died, 60% were aware of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and adherence was only 50%, primary prophylaxis would prevent 1 death and 9 cases of histoplasmosis for a cost of 36,792 Euros per averted death, 1,533 per life-year saved, 4,415 Euros per averted case, when only counting the costs of itraconazole prophylaxis. Taking into account the total costs of hospitalization showed that primary prophylaxis would allow a savings of 185,178 Euros per year. Even in a scenario of low adherence, primary prophylaxis would be cost-effective in French Guiana, and presumably in the rest of the Guianas and the Amazon.
Published: 2013
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49. The burden of Plasmodium vivax relapses in an Amerindian village in French Guiana

Author: Muriel Ville, Mathieu Nacher, Delphine Lemonnier, Félix Djossou, Célia Basurko, Narcisse Elenga, Magalie Demar, Paul Brousse, Bernard Carme, Aurélia Stefani, Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Pharmacie Centrale, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Service de Pédiatrie, Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and BMC, Ed.
Subjects: Male, Opinion, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Primaquine, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium vivax, Drug Prescriptions, Cohort Studies, Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, Malaria, Vivax, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Retrospective Studies, First episode, biology, business.industry, Indians, South American, Public health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, French Guiana, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Child, Preschool, Tropical medicine, Immunology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, business, Malaria, Follow-Up Studies, Cohort study, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; : Malaria is a public health problem in French Guiana. Plasmodium vivax is the most frequent parasite. The objective of this analysis was to estimate the proportion of relapses in the burden of vivax malaria using the statistical rule stating that any case of vivax malaria occurring less than 90 days following a first episode is a relapse.A total of 622 subjects were followed for 2,9 years with 336 first single episodes of P. vivax malaria, and a total of 1,226 episodes of vivax malaria among which 559 were relapses (45.5%). For 194 patients having had falciparum malaria followed by vivax malaria it was estimated that 19% of the vivax episodes occurred less than 90 days following the falciparum episode and thus were possibly relapses due to the activation of latent hypnozoites. Despite the number of vivax cases and the number of relapses, there were only 28 recorded primaquine prescriptions (3.4% of vivax episodes, 4.5% of subjects).The present study points out that despite the fact that nearly half of the P. vivax cases, many of which in children, are caused by latent hypnozoites, only a minority of them benefit from primaquine radical cure. The obstacles to this are discussed and suggestions are made to reduce the burden of vivax malaria in Camopi and other remote health centres in French Guiana.
Published: 2013
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50. High performance of histidine-rich protein 2 based rapid diagnostic tests in French Guiana are explained by the absence of pfhrp2 gene deletion in P. falciparum

Author: Lise Musset, Damien Donato, Eric Legrand, Franck Berger, Georges Palazon, Emilie Faway, Denis Blanchet, Mélanie Trouvay, Béatrice Volney, Bernard Carme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), This project was supported by the French Ministry of Health (InVS agency, Paris, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Française, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane - Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Medicale, Equipe Accueil 3593, and Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)
Subjects: 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium falciparum, Protozoan Proteins, lcsh:Medicine, Antigens, Protozoan, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Exon, 0302 clinical medicine, law, parasitic diseases, MESH: French Guiana, medicine, Animals, MESH: Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum, lcsh:Science, Genotyping, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, Polymerase chain reaction, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Haplotype, lcsh:R, Diagnostic test, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gold standard (test), Gene deletion, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Immunology, lcsh:Q, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Malaria, Research Article, MESH: Antigens, Protozoan
Abstract: Background:Care for malaria patients in endemic areas has been improved through the increasing use of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs). Most RDTs target the histidine-rich protein-2 antigen (PfHRP2) to detect P. falciparum, as it is abundant and shows great heat stability. However, their use in South America has been widely questioned following a recent publication that pinpoints the high prevalence of Peruvian field isolates lacking the gene encoding this protein. In the remote rural health centers of French Guiana, RDTs are the main diagnosis tools. Therefore, a study of PfHRP2 RDT performances and pfhrp2 genotyping was conducted to determine whether a replacement of the current pLDH-based kit could be considered.Methods:The performance study compared the SD Malaria Ag test P.f/Pan® kit with the current gold standard diagnosis by microscopy. The prevalence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions were evaluated from 221 P. falciparum isolates collected between 2009 and 2011 in French Guiana.Results:Between January 2010 and August 2011, 960 suspected cases of malaria were analyzed using microscopy and RDTs. The sensitivity of the SD Malaria Ag test P.f/Pan® for detection of P. falciparum was 96.8% (95% CI: 90.9-99.3), and 86.0% (95% CI: 78.9-91.5) for the detection of P. vivax. No isolates (95% CI: 0-4.5) lacking either exon of the pfhrp2 gene were identified among the 221 P. falciparum isolates analyzed, but 7.4% (95% CI: 2.8-15.4) lacked the exon 2 part of the pfhrp3 gene.Conclusions:Field isolates lacking either exon of the pfhrp2 gene are absent in this western part of South America. Despite its sensibility to detect P. vivax, the SD Malaria Ag test P.f/Pan® kit is a satisfying alternative to microscopy in remote health centers, where it is difficult to provide highly skilled microscopists and to maintain the necessary equipment.
Published: 2013
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