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1. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: A data analysis

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, D. Giardini, F. Gibert, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, M-S. Hartig, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, U. Johann, B. Johlander, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, C. J. Killow, N. Korsakova, J. A. Lobo, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Martino, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, N. Meshksar, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, F. Rivas, D. I. Robertson, G. Russano, J. Sanjuan, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, L. Tevlin, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2023
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2. Charging of free-falling test masses in orbit due to cosmic rays: Results from LISA Pathfinder

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, D. Giardini, F. Gibert, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, M.-S. Hartig, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, C. J. Killow, N. Korsakova, J. A. Lobo, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, V. Martín, J. Martino, L. Martin-Polo, F. Martin-Porqueras, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, N. Meshksar, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, F. Rivas, D. I. Robertson, G. Russano, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. J. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2023
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3. Sensor noise in LISA Pathfinder : An extensive in-flight review of the angular and longitudinal interferometric measurement system

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, N. Brandt, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, R. Flatscher, M. Freschi, A. García, R. Gerndt, L. Gesa, D. Giardini, F. Gibert, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, F. Guzman, I. Harrison, M-S Hartig, G. Hechenblaikner, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, U. Johann, B. Johlander, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, C. J. Killow, N. Korsakova, J. A. Lobo, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Martino, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, N. Meshksar, A. Monsky, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, F. Rivas, D. I. Robertson, G. Russano, J. Sanjuan, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, F. Steier, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, V. Wand, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2022
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4. Sensor Noise in LISA Pathfinder : In-Flight Performance of the Optical Test Mass Readout

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, N. Brandt, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, R. Flatscher, M. Freschi, A. García, R. Gerndt, L. Gesa, D. Giardini, F. Gibert, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, F. Guzman, I. Harrison, M.-S. Hartig, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, U. Johann, B. Johlander, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, C. J. Killow, N. Korsakova, J. A. Lobo, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Martino, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, N. Meshksar, A. Monsky, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, F. Rivas, D. I. Robertson, G. Russano, J. Sanjuan, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, F. Steier, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, V. Wand, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2021
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5. Temperature stability in the sub-milliHertz band with LISA Pathfinder

Author

M Armano, H Audley, J Baird, P Binetruy, M Born, D Bortoluzzi, E Castelli, A Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A M Cruise, K Danzmann, M de Deus Silva, I Diepholz, G Dixon, R Dolesi, L Ferraioli, V Ferroni, E D Fitzsimons, M Freschi, L Gesa, F Gibert, D Giardini, R Giusteri, C Grimani, J Grzymisch, I Harrison, G Heinzel, M Hewitson, D Hollington, D Hoyland, M Hueller, H Inchauspé, O Jennrich, P Jetzer, N Karnesis, B Kaune, N Korsakova, C J Killow, J A Lobo, I Lloro, L Liu, J P López-Zaragoza, R Maarschalkerweerd, D Mance, C Mansanet, V Martín, L Martin-Polo, J Martino, F Martin-Porqueras, I Mateos, P W McNamara, J Mendes, L Mendes, N Meshksar, M Nofrarias, S Paczkowski, M Perreur-Lloyd, A Petiteau, P Pivato, E Plagnol, J Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, D I Robertson, F Rivas, G Russano, J Sanjuán, J Slutsky, C F Sopuerta, T Sumner, D Texier, J I Thorpe, C Trenkel, D Vetrugno, S Vitale, G Wanner, H Ward, P J Wass, D Wealthy, W J Weber, L Wissel, A Wittchen, and P Zweifel

Published
2019
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6. Analysis of the Accuracy of Actuation Electronics in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Pathfinder

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, N. Cardines, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, D. Giardini, F. Gibert, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, M.-S. Hartig, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspe, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, C. J. Killow, N. Korsakova, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, V. Martin, L. Martin Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin Porqueras, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, N. Meshksar, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos Castro, J. Reiche, F. Rivas, D. I. Robertson, G. Russano, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. ten Pierick, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography
Abstract

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Pathfinder (LPF) main observable, labelled∆g, is the differential force per unit mass acting on the two test masses in free fall condition, after the contribution of all non-gravitational forces have been compensated. At low frequencies the differential force is compensated by an applied electrostatic actuation force,which then must be subtracted from the measured acceleration to obtain∆g. Any inaccuracy in the actuation force contaminates the residual acceleration. This study investigates the accuracy of the electrostatic actuation system and its impact on the LPF main observable. It is shown that the inaccuracy is mainly caused by the rounding errors in the waveform processing and also by the random error caused by the analog to digital converter (ADC) random noise in the control loop. Both errors are one order of magnitude smaller than the resolution of the commanded voltages. We developed a simulator based on the LPF design to compute the close-to-reality actuation voltages and consequently, the resulting actuation forces. The simulator is applied in post-processing the LPF data.

Published
2020
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7. Novel methods to measure the gravitational constant in space

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, F. Gibert, D. Giardini, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, M-S Hartig, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, J. A. Lobo, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, N. Meshksar, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin-Porqueras, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, F. Rivas, G. Russano, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, C. Trenkel, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2019
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8. LISA Pathfinder Performance Confirmed in an Open-Loop Configuration: Results from the Free-Fall Actuation Mode

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, F. Gibert, D. Giardini, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, M-S. Hartig, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, J. A. Lobo, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, N. Meshksar, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin-Porqueras, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, F. Rivas, G. Russano, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2019
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9. LISA Pathfinder micronewton cold gas thrusters: In-flight characterization

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, F. Gibert, D. Giardini, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, J. A. Lobo, I. Lloro, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, N. Meshksar, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin-Porqueras, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, F. Rivas, G. Russano, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2019
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10. LISA Pathfinder platform stability and drag-free performance

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, F. Gibert, D. Giardini, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, J. A. Lobo, I. Lloro, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, N. Meshksar, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin-Porqueras, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, F. Rivas, G. Russano, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2019
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11. Forbush Decreases and

Author

M Armano, H Audley, J Baird, S Benella, P Binetruy, M Born, D Bortoluzzi, E Castelli, A Cavalleri, A Cesarini, A M Cruise, K Danzmann, M de Deus Silva, I Diepholz, G Dixon, R Dolesi, M Fabi, L Ferraioli, V Ferroni, N Finetti, E D Fitzsimons, M Freschi, L Gesa, F Gibert, D Giardini, R Giusteri, C Grimani, J Grzymisch, I Harrison, G Heinzel, M Hewitson, D Hollington, D Hoyland, M Hueller, H Inchauspé, O Jennrich, P Jetzer, N Karnesis, B Kaune, N Korsakova, C J Killow, K Kudela, M Laurenza, J A Lobo, I Lloro, L Liu, J P López-Zaragoza, R Maarschalkerweerd, D Mance, N Meshksar, V Martín, L Martin-Polo, J Martino, F Martin-Porqueras, I Mateos, P W McNamara, J Mendes, L Mendes, M Nofrarias, S Paczkowski, M Perreur-Lloyd, A Petiteau, P Pivato, E Plagnol, J Ramos-Castro, J Reiche, D I Robertson, F Rivas, G Russano, J Slutsky, C F Sopuerta, T Sumner, D Telloni, D Texier, J I Thorpe, D Vetrugno, M Villani, S Vitale, G Wanner, H Ward, P Wass, W J Weber, L Wissel, A Wittchen, and P Zweifel

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

Non-recurrent short-term variations of the galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) flux above 70 MeV n(exp −1) were observed between 2016 February 18 and 2017 July 3 on board the European Space Agency LISA Pathfinder (LPF) mission orbiting around the Lagrange point L1 at 1.5 × 10 (exp 6) km from Earth. The energy dependence of three Forbush decreases is studied and reported here. A comparison of these observations with others carried out in space down to the energy of a few tens of MeV n(exp −1) shows that the same GCR flux parameterization applies to events of different intensity during the main phase. FD observations in L1 with LPF and geomagnetic storm occurrence are also presented. Finally, the characteristics of GCR flux non-recurrent variations (peaks and depressions) of duration <2 days and their association with interplanetary structures are investigated. It is found that, most likely, plasma compression regions between subsequent corotating high-speed streams cause peaks, while heliospheric current sheet crossing causes the majority of the depressions.

Published
2019
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12. Experimental results from the ST7 mission on LISA Pathfinder

Author

G. Anderson, J. Anderson, M. Anderson, G. Aveni, D. Bame, P. Barela, K. Blackman, A. Carmain, L. Chen, M. Cherng, S. Clark, M. Connally, W. Connolly, D. Conroy, M. Cooper, C. Cutler, J. D’Agostino, N. Demmons, E. Dorantes, C. Dunn, M. Duran, E. Ehrbar, J. Evans, J. Fernandez, G. Franklin, M. Girard, J. Gorelik, V. Hruby, O. Hsu, D. Jackson, S. Javidnia, D. Kern, M. Knopp, R. Kolasinski, C. Kuo, T. Le, I. Li, O. Liepack, A. Littlefield, P. Maghami, S. Malik, L. Markley, R. Martin, C. Marrese-Reading, J. Mehta, J. Mennela, D. Miller, D. Nguyen, J. O’Donnell, R. Parikh, G. Plett, T. Ramsey, T. Randolph, S. Rhodes, A. Romero-Wolf, T. Roy, A. Ruiz, H. Shaw, J. Slutsky, D. Spence, J. Stocky, J. Tallon, I. Thorpe, W. Tolman, H. Umfress, R. Valencia, C. Valerio, W. Warner, J. Wellman, P. Willis, J. Ziemer, J. Zwahlen, M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, F. Gibert, D. Giardini, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, J. A. Lobo, I. Lloro, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, N. Meshksar, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin-Porqueras, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, F. Rivas, G. Russano, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, D. Texier, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2018
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13. Precision charge control for isolated free-falling test masses: LISA pathfinder results

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, D. Giardini, F. Gibert, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, L. Liu, I. Lloro, J. A. Lobo, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, F. Mailland, D. Mance, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Martino, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, N. Meshskar, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, M. Pfeil, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, F. Rivas, G. Russano, G. Santoruvo, P. Sarra, D. Shaul, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, C. Trenkel, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, S. Waschke, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2018
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14. Calibrating the system dynamics of LISA Pathfinder

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, F. Gibert, D. Giardini, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, J. A. Lobo, I. Lloro, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, N. Meshksar, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin-Porqueras, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, F. Rivas, G. Russano, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2018
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15. Beyond the Required LISA Free-Fall Performance: New LISA Pathfinder Results down to 20 μHz

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, J. Baird, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, E. Castelli, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, M. Freschi, L. Gesa, F. Gibert, D. Giardini, R. Giusteri, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, J. A. Lobo, I. Lloro, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, N. Meshksar, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin-Porqueras, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, F. Rivas, G. Russano, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, and P. Zweifel

Published
2018
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16. In-flight testing of the injection of the LISA Pathfinder test mass into a geodesic

Author

D. Vignotto, Oliver Jennrich, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, A. Zambotti, D. Hoyland, Pierre Binétruy, Michele Armano, I. Harrison, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, M. Freschi, Gerhard Heinzel, N. Meshksar, Christian J. Killow, Luigi Ferraioli, Antonella Cavalleri, R. Giusteri, Peter Zweifel, Tamara Sumner, J. Grzymisch, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Catia Grimani, H. Ward, S. Vitale, L. Liu, E. Castelli, J. Martino, Miquel Nofrarías, B. Kaune, Daniele Vetrugno, M. de Deus Silva, A. Wittchen, Mauro Hueller, L. Wissel, L. Martin-Polo, J. A. Lobo, S. Paczkowski, Nikolaos Karnesis, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, D. I. Robertson, G. Dixon, M.-S. Hartig, N. Korsakova, Domenico Giardini, Heather Audley, C. Zanoni, Davor Mance, Martin Hewitson, José F. F. Mendes, D. Texier, Ph. Jetzer, F. Rivas, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, P. Pivato, J. Baird, Karsten Danzmann, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, W. J. Weber, H. Inchauspe, Ingo Diepholz, E. D. Fitzsimons, Peter Wass, Rita Dolesi, A. M. Cruise, J. Reiche, Lluis Gesa, R. Maarschalkerweerd, F. Martin-Porqueras, Daniel Hollington, M. Born, James Ira Thorpe, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Université, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Federal Ministry for Economics Affairs and Energy (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), UK Space Agency, University of Glasgow, Swiss National Science Foundation, University of Birmingham, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
velocity, Atmospheric Science, experimental methods, detector: satellite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Mission critical, Aerospace Engineering, Residual, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, LISA Pathfinder, Acceleration, Impulse measurement, Space mechanism in-flight testing, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], force: electrostatic, noise: acceleration, Aerospace engineering, capture, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Injection into geodesic motion, LISA, mass: injection, Payload, business.industry, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gravitational radiation detector, Telecommand, experimental equipment, Geophysics, Pathfinder, gravitation, Space and Planetary Science, trajectory, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Trajectory, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business, geodesic, experimental results, LISA pathfinder
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder is a technology demonstrator space mission, aimed at testing key technologies for detecting gravitational waves in space. The mission is the precursor of LISA, the first space gravitational waves observatory, whose launch is scheduled for 2034. The LISA Pathfinder scientific payload includes two gravitational reference sensors (GRSs), each one containing a test mass (TM), which is the sensing body of the experiment. A mission critical task is to set each TM into a pure geodesic motion, i.e. guaranteeing an extremely low acceleration noise in the sub-Hertz frequency bandwidth. The grabbing positioning and release mechanism (GPRM), responsible for the injection of the TM into a geodesic trajectory, was widely tested on ground, with the limitations imposed by the 1-g environment. The experiments showed that the mechanism, working in its nominal conditions, is capable of releasing the TM into free-fall fulfilling the very strict constraint imposed on the TM residual velocity, in order to allow its capture on behalf of the electrostatic actuation. However, the first in-flight releases produced unexpected residual velocity components, for both the TMs. Moreover, all the residual velocity components were greater than maximum value set by the requirements. The main suspect is that unexpected contacts took place between the TM and the surroundings bodies. As a consequence, ad hoc manual release procedures had to be adopted for the few following injections performed during the nominal mission. These procedures still resulted in non compliant TM states which were captured only after impacts. However, such procedures seem not practicable for LISA, both for the limited repeatability of the system and for the unmanageable time lag of the telemetry/telecommand signals (about 4400 s). For this reason, at the end of the mission, the GPRM was deeply tested in-flight, performing a large number of releases, according to different strategies. The tests were carried out in order to understand the unexpected dynamics and limit its effects on the final injection. Some risk mitigation maneuvers have been tested aimed at minimizing the vibration of the system at the release and improving the alignment between the mechanism and the TM. However, no overall optimal release strategy to be implemented in LISA could be found, because the two GPRMs behaved differently., This work has been made possible by the LISA Pathfinder mission, which is part of the space-science programme of the European Space Agency.The French contribution has been supported by the CNES (Accord Specific de projet CNES 1316634/CNRS 103747), the CNRS, the Observatoire de Paris and the University Paris-Diderot.E. Plagnol and H. Inchauspé would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cité (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02).The Albert-Einstein-Institut acknowledges the support of the German Space Agency, DLR. The work is supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy based on a resolution of the German Bundestag (FKZ 50OQ0501 and FKZ 50OQ1601).The Italian contribution has been supported by Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare.The Spanish contribution has been supported by contracts AYA2010-15709 (MICINN), ESP2013-47637-P, and ESP2015-67234-P (MINECO).M. Nofrarias acknowledges support from Fundacion General CSIC (Programa ComFuturo).F. Rivas acknowledges an FPI contract (MINECO). The Swiss contribution acknowledges the support of the Swiss Space Office (SSO) via the PRODEX Programme of ESA. L. Ferraioli is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation.The UK groups wish to acknowledge support from the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA), the University of Glasgow, the University of Birmingham,Imperial College, and the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA). J. I. Thorpe and J. Slutsky acknowledge the support of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Published
2021

17. Capacitive sensing of test mass motion with nanometer precision over millimeter-wide sensing gaps for space-borne gravitational reference sensors

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, G. Auger, J. Baird, M. Bassan, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, N. Brandt, M. Caleno, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, R. De Rosa, L. Di Fiore, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, N. Dunbar, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, E. D. Fitzsimons, R. Flatscher, M. Freschi, C. García Marirrodriga, R. Gerndt, L. Gesa, F. Gibert, D. Giardini, R. Giusteri, A. Grado, C. Grimani, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, B. Johlander, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, J. A. Lobo, I. Lloro, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin-Porqueras, S. Madden, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, N. Meshksar, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, P. Prat, U. Ragnit, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, H. Rozemeijer, F. Rivas, G. Russano, P. Sarra, A. Schleicher, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, R. Stanga, T. J. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, C. Trenkel, M. Tröbs, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, P. J. Wass, D. Wealthy, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, A. Zambotti, C. Zanoni, T. Ziegler, and P. Zweifel

Published
2017
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18. Sub-Femto-gFree Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results

Author

M. Armano, H. Audley, G. Auger, J. T. Baird, M. Bassan, P. Binetruy, M. Born, D. Bortoluzzi, N. Brandt, M. Caleno, L. Carbone, A. Cavalleri, A. Cesarini, G. Ciani, G. Congedo, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, M. de Deus Silva, R. De Rosa, M. Diaz-Aguiló, L. Di Fiore, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, N. Dunbar, L. Ferraioli, V. Ferroni, W. Fichter, E. D. Fitzsimons, R. Flatscher, M. Freschi, A. F. García Marín, C. García Marirrodriga, R. Gerndt, L. Gesa, F. Gibert, D. Giardini, R. Giusteri, F. Guzmán, A. Grado, C. Grimani, A. Grynagier, J. Grzymisch, I. Harrison, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, H. Inchauspé, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, U. Johann, B. Johlander, N. Karnesis, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, C. J. Killow, J. A. Lobo, I. Lloro, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Mance, V. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, J. Martino, F. Martin-Porqueras, S. Madden, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, J. Mendes, L. Mendes, A. Monsky, D. Nicolodi, M. Nofrarias, S. Paczkowski, M. Perreur-Lloyd, A. Petiteau, P. Pivato, E. Plagnol, P. Prat, U. Ragnit, B. Raïs, J. Ramos-Castro, J. Reiche, D. I. Robertson, H. Rozemeijer, F. Rivas, G. Russano, J. Sanjuán, P. Sarra, A. Schleicher, D. Shaul, J. Slutsky, C. F. Sopuerta, R. Stanga, F. Steier, T. Sumner, D. Texier, J. I. Thorpe, C. Trenkel, M. Tröbs, H. B. Tu, D. Vetrugno, S. Vitale, V. Wand, G. Wanner, H. Ward, C. Warren, P. J. Wass, D. Wealthy, W. J. Weber, L. Wissel, A. Wittchen, A. Zambotti, C. Zanoni, T. Ziegler, and P. Zweifel

Published
2016
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20. Analysis of the accuracy of actuation electronics in the laser interferometer space antenna pathfinder

Author

N. Korsakova, Heather Audley, Gerhard Heinzel, Lluis Gesa, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Daniele Vetrugno, N. Cardines, S. Vitale, J. ten Pierick, Michele Armano, F. Martin-Porqueras, S. Paczkowski, B. Kaune, E. Castelli, José F. F. Mendes, M. Freschi, M. Hueller, N. Meshksar, J. Reiche, Luigi Ferraioli, P. Pivato, Rita Dolesi, Tamara Sumner, Nikolaos Karnesis, Peter Wass, A. M. Cruise, Ph. Jetzer, M. de Deus Silva, Antonella Cavalleri, J. Baird, E. D. Fitzsimons, Antoine Petiteau, Henri Inchauspe, J. P. López-Zaragoza, M.-S. Hartig, Paul McNamara, Ferran Gibert, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, I. Mateos, Oliver Jennrich, J. Martino, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Martin Hewitson, Karsten Danzmann, Daniel Hollington, W. J. Weber, Catia Grimani, L. Wissel, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, F. Rivas, Miquel Nofrarías, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Domenico Giardini, A. Wittchen, R. Giusteri, M. Born, James Ira Thorpe, Christian J. Killow, D. I. Robertson, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, G. Dixon, Peter Zweifel, Davor Mance, D. Texier, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, D. Hoyland, L. Martin-Polo, I. Harrison, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, European Space Agency, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Université, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación General CSIC, Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Space Office, UK Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Signal processing, Acoustics, Electrical properties and parameters, Analog-to-digital converter, Residual, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Electromagnetic radiation detectors, Computer Science::Robotics, Acceleration, law, Electrostatics, 0103 physical sciences, Waveform, Control equipment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Antenes i agrupacions d'antenes [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Spacecraft, business.industry, Field programmable gate array, Spacecrafts, Tractament del senyal, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Processament del senyal [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Control system, Gravitational force, Antennas (Electronics), Antenes (Electrònica), business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Voltage
Abstract

M. Armano et al., The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Pathfinder (LPF) main observable, labeled Δg, is the differential force per unit mass acting on the two test masses under free fall conditions after the contribution of all non-gravitational forces has been compensated. At low frequencies, the differential force is compensated by an applied electrostatic actuation force, which then must be subtracted from the measured acceleration to obtain Δg. Any inaccuracy in the actuation force contaminates the residual acceleration. This study investigates the accuracy of the electrostatic actuation system and its impact on the LPF main observable. It is shown that the inaccuracy is mainly caused by the rounding errors in the waveform processing and also by the random error caused by the analog to digital converter random noise in the control loop. Both errors are one order of magnitude smaller than the resolution of the commanded voltages. We developed a simulator based on the LPF design to compute the close-to-reality actuation voltages and, consequently, the resulting actuation forces. The simulator is applied during post-processing the LPF data., This work was supported by ETH Research Grant No. ETH-05 16-2, and it has been made possible by the LISA Pathfinder mission, which is part of the space-science program of the European Space Agency. The French contribution has been supported by the CNES (Accord Specific de Projet Grant No. CNES 1316634/CNRS 103747), the CNRS, the Observatoire de Paris, and University Paris-Diderot. E. Plagnol and H. Inchauspé would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cité (Grant Nos. ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). The Albert-Einstein-Institut acknowledges the support of the German Space Agency, DLR. The work is supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy based on a resolution of the German Bundestag (Grant Nos. FKZ 50OQ0501 and FKZ 50OQ1601). The Italian contribution has been supported by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. The Spanish contribution has been supported by Contract Nos. AYA2010-15709 (MICINN), ESP2013-47637-P, ESP2015-67234-P, and ESP2017-90084-P (MINECO). Support from AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya) contract 2017-SGR-1469 is also acknowledged. M. Nofrarias acknowledges support from Fundacion General CSIC (Programa ComFuturo). F. Rivas acknowledges an FPI contract from MINECO. The Swiss contribution acknowledges the support of the Swiss Space Office (SSO) via the PRODEX Programme of the ESA. L. Ferraioli is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The UK groups wish to acknowledge support from the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA), the University of Glasgow, the University of Birmingham, Imperial College, and the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA). J. I. Thorpe and J. Slutsky acknowledge the support of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). N. Korsakova would like to thank the support from the CNES Fellowship. The LISA Pathfinder collaboration would like to acknowledge Professor Pierre Binetruy (deceased 30 March 2017) and Professor José Alberto Lobo (deceased 30 September 2012) for their contribution to the LISA Pathfinder science.

Published
2020

21. Spacecraft and interplanetary contributions to the magnetic environment on-board LISA Pathfinder

Author

Daniele Vetrugno, L. Martin-Polo, Pierre Binétruy, J. Martino, C. Trenkel, P. Pivato, L. Liu, E. Castelli, F. Martin-Porqueras, Lluis Gesa, L. Wissel, D. Giardini, Gerhard Heinzel, R. Giusteri, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Ignacio Mateos, F. Rivas, N. Korsakova, Nikolaos Karnesis, L. Ferraioli, M. Born, D. Mance, J. Baird, James Ira Thorpe, Antoine Petiteau, Rita Dolesi, B. Kaune, Gudrun Wanner, W. J. Weber, Paul McNamara, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Juan Ramos-Castro, D. Texier, Christian J. Killow, Carlos F. Sopuerta, D. Hoyland, Michele Armano, Martin Hewitson, D. I. Robertson, J. Grzymisch, Daniele Telloni, Mauro Hueller, Daniel Hollington, Ph. Jetzer, H. Ward, Heather Audley, José F. F. Mendes, Daniele Bortoluzzi, A. M. Cruise, G. Dixon, E.D. Fitzsimons, Antonella Cavalleri, J. Reiche, M. Freschi, M.-S. Hartig, H. Inchauspe, P. Zweifel, L. Mendes, Karsten Danzmann, D. Wealthy, Ingo Diepholz, Miquel Nofrarías, Peter Wass, D. Roma-Dollase, J. A. Lobo, S. Paczkowski, Catia Grimani, M. de Deus Silva, Oliver Jennrich, A. Wittchen, Tamara Sumner, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, I. Harrison, S. Vitale, N. Meshksar, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Gravitational-wave observatory, magnetic moment, magnetic fields, 01 natural sciences, Interplanetary magnetic field, space vehicles: instruments, Física::Relativitat::Gravitació [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, magnetic field: fluctuation, susceptibility: magnetic, Physics, Magnetic moment, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, solar, Magnetic field, observatory, Solar wind, gravitational waves, SOLAR-WIND, Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, geodesic, noise, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, gravitational waves -magnetic fields -space vehicles: instruments, Gravitational waves, Ones gravitacionals, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), LISA, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, business.industry, gravitational radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space vehicles, stability, sensitivity, Magnetic susceptibility, Computational physics, Space and Planetary Science, Magnetic fields, Interplanetary spaceflight, business, Instruments
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder (LPF) has been a space-based mission designed to test new technologies that will be required for a gravitational wave observatory in space. Magnetically driven forces play a key role in the instrument sensitivity in the low-frequency regime (mHz and below), the measurement band of interest for a space-based observatory. The magnetic field can couple to the magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetic moment from the test masses and disturb them from their geodesic movement. LISA Pathfinder carried on-board a dedicated magnetic measurement subsystem with noise levels of 10 $ \rm nT \ Hz^{-1/2}$ from 1 Hz down to 1 mHz. In this paper we report on the magnetic measurements throughout LISA Pathfinder operations. We characterise the magnetic environment within the spacecraft, study the time evolution of the magnetic field and its stability down to 20 $\mu$Hz, where we measure values around 200 $ \rm nT \ Hz^{-1/2}$ and identify two different frequency regimes, one related to the interplanetary magnetic field and the other to the magnetic field originating inside the spacecraft. Finally, we characterise the non-stationary component of the fluctuations of the magnetic field below the mHz and relate them to the dynamics of the solar wind., Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures. MNRAS LaTeX style file version 3.0

Published
2020

22. LISA Pathfinder platform stability and drag-free performance

Author

N. Korsakova, Gerhard Heinzel, Michele Armano, Ian Harrison, M. Freschi, Henri Inchauspe, R. Giusteri, Ph. Jetzer, M. de Deus Silva, Domenico Giardini, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Rita Dolesi, J. Baird, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, W. J. Weber, Ferran Gibert, F. Martin-Porqueras, Daniele Vetrugno, E. D. Fitzsimons, F. Rivas, Peter Wass, S. Paczkowski, Jacob Slutsky, L. Martin-Polo, Valerio Ferroni, Luigi Ferraioli, D. Hoyland, L. Wissel, P. Zweifel, James Ira Thorpe, Oliver Jennrich, Antonella Cavalleri, Gudrun Wanner, M. Hueller, N. Meshksar, L. Mendes, P. Pivato, Juan Ramos-Castro, Karsten Danzmann, Davor Mance, J. Martino, A. M. Cruise, D. Bortoluzzi, Nikolaos Karnesis, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Miquel Nofrarías, José F. F. Mendes, Antoine Petiteau, D. Texier, Paul McNamara, M. Born, M. Hewitson, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Lluis Gesa, B. Kaune, Ingo Diepholz, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, Eric Plagnol, Víctor S. Martín, Catia Grimani, Ivan Lloro, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, D. I. Robertson, Daniel Hollington, S. Vitale, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, E. Castelli, J. A. Lobo, Christian J. Killow, G. Dixon, Pierre Binétruy, Heather Audley, Ignacio Mateos, LISA Pathfinder Collaboration, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), LISA Pathfinder, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Astrofísica, noise, Gravitational-wave observatory, Geodesic, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Star tracker, Gravitational waves, Physics, Particles & Fields, Attitude control, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Experiments in gravity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, LISA, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, stability, Pathfinder, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Physical Sciences, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmology, geodesic, performance
Abstract

The science operations of the LISA Pathfinder mission has demonstrated the feasibility of sub-femto-g free-fall of macroscopic test masses necessary to build a LISA-like gravitational wave observatory in space. While the main focus of interest, i.e. the optical axis or the $x$-axis, has been extensively studied, it is also of interest to evaluate the stability of the spacecraft with respect to all the other degrees of freedom. The current paper is dedicated to such a study, with a focus set on an exhaustive and quantitative evaluation of the imperfections and dynamical effects that impact the stability with respect to its local geodesic. A model of the complete closed-loop system provides a comprehensive understanding of each part of the in-loop coordinates spectra. As will be presented, this model gives very good agreements with LISA Pathfinder flight data. It allows one to identify the physical noise source at the origin and the physical phenomena underlying the couplings. From this, the performances of the stability of the spacecraft, with respect to its geodesic, are extracted as a function of frequency. Close to $1 mHz$, the stability of the spacecraft on the $X_{SC}$, $Y_{SC}$ and $Z_{SC}$ degrees of freedom is shown to be of the order of $5.0\ 10^{-15} m\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for X and $4.0 \ 10^{-14} m\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for Y and Z. For the angular degrees of freedom, the values are of the order $3\ 10^{-12} rad\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for $\Theta_{SC}$ and $3\ 10^{-13} rad\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for $H_{SC}$ and $\Phi_{SC}$., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures

Published
2019

23. Forbush decreases and <2 day GCR flux non-recurrent variations studied with LISA pathfinder

Author

N. Korsakova, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, D. Hoyland, Ian Harrison, Henri Inchauspe, Monica Laurenza, J. Grzymisch, Davor Mance, Ph. Jetzer, H. Ward, E. D. Fitzsimons, D. Texier, R. Giusteri, W. J. Weber, Gerhard Heinzel, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Ignacio Mateos, Lluis Gesa, Ivan Lloro, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Rita Dolesi, D. I. Robertson, Martin Hewitson, Domenico Giardini, Daniel Hollington, J. Martino, J. P. López-Zaragoza, B. Kaune, M. Hueller, Daniele Vetrugno, J. A. Lobo, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Ferran Gibert, R. Maarschalkerweerd, M. Born, Víctor S. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, James Ira Thorpe, P. Pivato, Luigi Ferraioli, A. Wittchen, Stefano Vitale, F. Rivas, M. Fabi, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, José F. F. Mendes, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Heather Audley, Peter Wass, Eric Plagnol, Ingo Diepholz, N. Finetti, Karsten Danzmann, Pierre Binétruy, L. Wissel, Antonella Cavalleri, Peter Zweifel, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, J. Reiche, Miquel Nofrarías, J. Baird, Michele Armano, M. Freschi, S. Paczkowski, A. M. Cruise, N. Karnesis, Simone Benella, Mattia Villani, F. Martin-Porqueras, N. Meshksar, Daniele Telloni, Oliver Jennrich, Karel Kudela, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, E. Castelli, M. de Deus Silva, Catia Grimani, Christian J. Killow, G. Dixon, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Ciències de la visió::Òptica física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, solar–terrestrial relations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Energies::Energia solar fotovoltaica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Flux, Astrophysics, Photovoltaic power generation, 01 natural sciences, 0305 Organic Chemistry, Heliosphere, Physics - Space Physics, Interferòmetres, instrumentation: interferometers, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar–terrestrial relations, Energia solar fotovoltaica, Physics, 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS, heliosphere [Sun], Sun, solar-terrestrial relations, interferometers, interplanetary medium, Sun: heliosphere [cosmic rays, instrumentation], COSMIC-RAY PROTON, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, SOLAR-WIND, Physical Sciences, Lagrangian point, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Interferometers [Instrumentation], cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, MODULATION, FIELD, Sun: heliosphere, Cosmic rays, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geomagnetic storm, SPECTRUM, Science & Technology, Interferometers, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Pathfinder, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Heliospheric current sheet, Interplanetary spaceflight, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Intensity (heat transfer), Interplanetary medium, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; Non-recurrent short-term variations of the galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) flux above 70 MeV n−1 were observed between 2016 February 18 and 2017 July 3 on board the European Space Agency LISA Pathfinder (LPF) mission orbiting around the Lagrange point L1 at 1.5 × 106 km from Earth. The energy dependence of three Forbush decreases is studied and reported here. A comparison of these observations with others carried out in space down to the energy of a few tens of MeV n−1 shows that the same GCR flux parameterization applies to events of different intensity during the main phase. FD observations in L1 with LPF and geomagnetic storm occurrence are also presented. Finally, the characteristics of GCR flux non-recurrent variations (peaks and depressions) of duration

Published
2019

24. LISA Pathfinder Performance Confirmed in an Open-Loop Configuration: Results from the Free-Fall Actuation Mode

Author

N. Korsakova, M. de Deus Silva, Lluis Gesa, Gerhard Heinzel, W. J. Weber, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, J. Grzymisch, James Ira Thorpe, Ph. Jetzer, Miquel Nofrarías, H. Ward, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, D. Hoyland, J. Baird, D. I. Robertson, Domenico Giardini, I. Harrison, Peter Zweifel, M. Born, Antoine Petiteau, Mauro Hueller, Rita Dolesi, Peter Wass, Oliver Jennrich, A. M. Cruise, Paul McNamara, J. Martino, Davor Mance, G. Dixon, Karsten Danzmann, J. Reiche, D. Texier, Ingo Diepholz, S. Vitale, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, L. Wissel, M. S. Hartig, Nikolaos Karnesis, Carlos F. Sopuerta, F. Rivas, R. Giusteri, E. D. Fitzsimons, Christian J. Killow, Daniele Vetrugno, Heather Audley, N. Meshksar, A. Wittchen, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Gudrun Wanner, Catia Grimani, Juan Ramos-Castro, B. Kaune, Michele Armano, Antonella Cavalleri, L. Martin-Polo, M. Freschi, P. Pivato, Pierre Binétruy, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, E. Castelli, José F. F. Mendes, M. Hewitson, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ignacio Mateos, Ferran Gibert, Luigi Ferraioli, Daniel Hollington, J. A. Lobo, S. Paczkowski, H. Inchauspe, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
General Physics, Physics, Multidisciplinary, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Actuation noise, Impulse (physics), Gravitation and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LISA Pathfinder, Article, Atomic physics, Gravitational waves, Física::Electromagnetisme::Radiació infraroja, visible i ultraviolada [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Physics - Space Physics, Ones gravitacionals, Control theory, Force calibration, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, Noise measurement, Gravitational wave, Noise measurements, article, Open-loop controller, noise measurement, Dominant factor, acceleration, Space physics, calibration, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Pathfinder, Mode of operations, Physical Sciences, Differential accelerations, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, Open-loop configuration, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Space probes, Quasistatic process
Abstract

We report on the results of the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) free-fall mode experiment, in which the control force needed to compensate the quasistatic differential force acting on two test masses is applied intermittently as a series of "impulse" forces lasting a few seconds and separated by roughly 350 s periods of true free fall. This represents an alternative to the normal LPF mode of operation in which this balancing force is applied continuously, with the advantage that the acceleration noise during free fall is measured in the absence of the actuation force, thus eliminating associated noise and force calibration errors. The differential acceleration noise measurement presented here with the free-fall mode agrees with noise measured with the continuous actuation scheme, representing an important and independent confirmation of the LPF result. An additional measurement with larger actuation forces also shows that the technique can be used to eliminate actuation noise when this is a dominant factor. © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

Published
2019

25. Novel methods to measure the gravitational constant in space

Author

J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, S. Paczkowski, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, J. A. Lobo, Luigi Ferraioli, L. Wissel, Domenico Giardini, F. Rivas, Gerhard Heinzel, W. J. Weber, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Carlos F. Sopuerta, B. Kaune, Gudrun Wanner, M. S. Hartig, N. Meshksar, Miquel Nofrarías, Juan Ramos-Castro, Víctor S. Martín, F. Martin-Porqueras, Daniele Vetrugno, M. de Deus Silva, Daniel Hollington, Davor Mance, Pierre Binétruy, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, A. M. Cruise, Ph. Jetzer, Lluis Gesa, D. Texier, E. Castelli, Christian J. Killow, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, James Ira Thorpe, R. Maarschalkerweerd, J. Baird, A. Wittchen, Antonella Cavalleri, P. Pivato, José F. F. Mendes, J. Reiche, D. Hoyland, E. D. Fitzsimons, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Nikolaos Karnesis, M. Born, N. Korsakova, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, R. Giusteri, Eric Plagnol, Karsten Danzmann, Catia Grimani, G. Dixon, S. Vitale, M. Hewitson, Ingo Diepholz, Peter Zweifel, Peter Wass, Rita Dolesi, L. Martin-Polo, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, D. I. Robertson, Michele Armano, M. Freschi, J. Martino, C. Trenkel, Ian Harrison, Henri Inchauspe, M. Hueller, Heather Audley, Oliver Jennrich, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), LISA Pathfinder, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Astrofísica, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General physics, Mechanics, Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), Cosmology, Laboratory studies of gravity, Gravitation, Gravitational constant, Acceleration, Pathfinder, cosmic rays, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Experiments in gravity, 010306 general physics, Suspension (vehicle), cosmology, Cosmology and astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; We present two novel methods, tested by LISA Pathfinder, to measure the gravitational constant G for the first time in space. Experiment 1 uses electrostatic suspension forces to measure a change in acceleration of a test mass due to a displaced source mass. Experiment 2 measures a change in relative acceleration between two test masses due to a slowly varying fuel tank mass. Experiment 1 gave a value of G=6.71±0.42(×10-11) m3 s-2 kg-1 and experiment 2 gave 6.15±0.35(×10-11) m3 s-2 kg-1, both consistent with each other to 1σ and with the CODATA 2014 recommended value of 6.67408±0.00031(×10-11) m3 s-2 kg-1 to 2σ. We outline several ideas to improve the results for a future experiment, and we suggest that a measurement in space would isolate many terrestrial issues that could be responsible for the inconsistencies between recent measurements.

Published
2019

26. Micrometeoroid Events in LISA Pathfinder

Author

Ignacio Mateos, St Drs Operations Team, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, D. Wealthy, H. Rozemeijer, J. A. Lobo, Gerhard Heinzel, Nicole Pagane, A. Zambotti, S. Paczkowski, Ivan Lloro, Ph. Jetzer, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, P. Prat, José F. F. Mendes, Daniele Bortoluzzi, N. Brandt, Nikolaos Karnesis, James Ira Thorpe, R. De Rosa, Michael Tröbs, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Michele Armano, L. Mendes, C. Zanoni, Davor Mance, J. O’Donnell, Daniele Vetrugno, B. Johlander, Lluis Gesa, G. Auger, Curt Cutler, John Ziemer, M. Freschi, Henri Inchauspe, A. Schleicher, F. Martin-Porqueras, M. Girard, M. Hewitson, D. Shaul, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Karsten Danzmann, T. J. Sumner, D. Texier, E. D. Fitzsimons, F. Rivas, Daniel Hollington, L. Liu, Oliver Jennrich, Miquel Nofrarías, P. Pivato, A. M. Cruise, W. J. Weber, R. Giusteri, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, John G. Baker, P. Sarra, Tobias Ziegler, N. Korsakova, Aniello Grado, Heather Audley, Peter Wass, Tyson Littenberg, Gudrun Wanner, Sophie Hourihane, Pierre Binétruy, Antonella Cavalleri, L. Di Fiore, R. Gerndt, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, S. Vitale, Christian J. Killow, B. Kaune, C. Trenkel, S. Madden, Diego Janches, Juan Ramos-Castro, D. Hoyland, C. Marrese-Reading, J. Reiche, Rita Dolesi, N. Dunbar, Catia Grimani, P. Barela, C. Dunn, C. García Marirrodriga, A. Wittchen, R. Flatscher, P. Maghami, U. Ragnit, I. Li, Ruggero Stanga, Mauro Hueller, Nate Demmons, S. Javidnia, Petr Pokorny, G. Dixon, J. P. López-Zaragoza, M. Born, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Ferran Gibert, J. Martino, J. Baird, Massimo Bassan, O. Hsu, Andrew Romero-Wolf, L. Wissel, Ingo Diepholz, M. de Deus Silva, Luigi Ferraioli, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Domenico Giardini, M. Caleno, D. I. Robertson, Peter Zweifel, J. Mehta, L. Martin-Polo, I. Harrison, Thorpe, J. I., Slutsky, J., Baker, J. G., Littenberg, T. B., Hourihane, S., Pagane, N., Pokorny, P., Janches, D., Armano, M., Audley, H., Auger, G., Baird, J., Bassan, M., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Brandt, N., Caleno, M., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., De Deus Silva, M., DE ROSA, Rosario, Di Fiore, L., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Dunbar, N., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Flatscher, R., Freschi, M., Garcia Marirrodriga, C., Gerndt, R., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grado, A., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspe, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martin, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Madden, S., Mateos, I., Mcnamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Prat, P., Ragnit, U., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rozemeijer, H., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Sarra, P., Schleicher, A., Shaul, D., Sopuerta, C. F., Stanga, R., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Trenkel, C., Trobs, M., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Wealthy, D., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zambotti, A., Zanoni, C., Ziegler, T., Zweifel, P., Barela, P., Cutler, C., Demmons, N., Dunn, C., Girard, M., Hsu, O., Javidnia, S., Li, I., Maghami, P., Marrese-Reading, C., Mehta, J., Romero-Wolf, A., Ziemer, J., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Astrofísica, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteors, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Planet, meteoroids, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Settore FIS/01, Physics, Sistema solar, education.field_of_study, Micrometeoroid, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Meteoroids, instrumentation: miscellaneous, meteorites, meteors, meteoroids, Asteroid, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, miscellaneous [Instrumentation], Solar system, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, meteorites, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, meteors, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Zodiacal light, Meteoroid, instrumentation: miscellaneou, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, miscellaneous, meteorites, meteors, meteoroids [instrumentation], Pathfinder, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Enginyeria electrònica::Instrumentació i mesura [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], ORBITS, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Meteorites
Abstract

The zodiacal dust complex, a population of dust and small particles that pervades the Solar System, provides important insight into the formation and dynamics of planets, comets, asteroids, and other bodies. Here we present a new set of data obtained using a novel technique: direct measurements of momentum transfer to a spacecraft from individual particle impacts. This technique is made possible by the extreme precision of the instruments flown on the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft, a technology demonstrator for a future space-based gravitational wave observatory that operated near the first Sun-Earth Lagrange point from early 2016 through Summer of 2017. Using a simple model of the impacts and knowledge of the control system, we show that it is possible to detect impacts and measure properties such as the transferred momentum (related to the particle's mass and velocity), direction of travel, and location of impact on the spacecraft. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic search for impacts during 4348 hours of Pathfinder data. We report a total of 54 candidates with momenta ranging from 0.2$\,\mu\textrm{Ns}$ to 230$\,\mu\textrm{Ns}$. We furthermore make a comparison of these candidates with models of micrometeoroid populations in the inner solar system including those resulting from Jupiter-family comets, Oort-cloud comets, Hailey-type comets, and Asteroids. We find that our measured population is consistent with a population dominated by Jupiter-family comets with some evidence for a smaller contribution from Hailey-type comets. This is in agreement with consensus models of the zodiacal dust complex in the momentum range sampled by LISA Pathfinder., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted in ApJ

Published
2019

27. LISA Pathfinder micronewton cold gas thrusters: In-flight characterization

Author

Nikolaos Karnesis, N. Korsakova, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Daniele Vetrugno, Davor Mance, S. Paczkowski, D. Texier, Henri Inchauspe, G. Dixon, Ivan Lloro, D. Hoyland, Luigi Ferraioli, M. de Deus Silva, P. Pivato, L. Wissel, Ignacio Mateos, J. Grzymisch, Ph. Jetzer, P. Zweifel, Antonella Cavalleri, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, N. Meshksar, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Peter Wass, E. Castelli, F. Rivas, E. D. Fitzsimons, Pierre Binétruy, Lluis Gesa, S. Vitale, Heather Audley, F. Martin-Porqueras, R. Giusteri, J. Martino, A. M. Cruise, Michele Armano, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. I. Robertson, A. Wittchen, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Daniel Hollington, Gudrun Wanner, Miquel Nofrarías, Juan Ramos-Castro, M. Freschi, Catia Grimani, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Christian J. Killow, J. Baird, M. Hueller, Oliver Jennrich, Rita Dolesi, M. Born, Eric Plagnol, Domenico Giardini, J. A. Lobo, James Ira Thorpe, Ingo Diepholz, José F. F. Mendes, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, M. Hewitson, W. J. Weber, L. Martin-Polo, H. Ward, I. Harrison, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Karsten Danzmann, Ferran Gibert, B. Kaune, Víctor S. Martín, Gerhard Heinzel, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), LISA Pathfinder, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Inertial frame of reference, Gravitational-wave observatory, noise: low, satellite, Propulsion, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Gravitational waves, cosmic rays, Ones gravitacionals, gas, 0103 physical sciences, Experiments in gravity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, Física::Relativitat::Gravitació [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 010306 general physics, accelerator: design, Physics, LISA, Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, electronics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, stability, Metrology, Pathfinder, Harmonics, Physics::Space Physics, control system, business, cosmology, performance, Space environment, ejection
Abstract

International audience; The LISA Pathfinder (LPF) mission has demonstrated the ability to limit and measure the fluctuations in acceleration between two free falling test masses down to sub-femto-g levels. One of the key elements to achieve such a level of residual acceleration is the drag free control. In this scheme the spacecraft is used as a shield against any external disturbances by adjusting its relative position to a reference test mass. The actuators used to move the spacecraft are cold gas micropropulsion thrusters. In this paper, we report in-flight characterization of these thrusters in term of noise and artefacts during science operations using all the metrology capabilities of LISA Pathfinder. Using the LISA Pathfinder test masses as an inertial reference frame, an average thruster noise of ∼0.17 μN/Hz is observed and decomposed into a common (coherent) and an uncorrelated component. The very low noise and stability of the onboard metrology system associated with the quietness of the space environment allowed the measurement of the thruster noise down to ∼20 μHz, more than an order of magnitude below any ground measurement. Spectral lines were observed around ∼1.5 mHz and its harmonics and around 55 and 70 mHz. They are associated with the cold gas system itself and possibly to a clock synchronization issue. The thruster noise-floor exhibits an excess of ∼70% compared to characterization that have been made on ground on a single unit and without the feeding system. However this small excess has no impact on the LPF mission performance and is compatible with the noise budget for the upcoming LISA gravitational wave observatory. Over the whole mission, nominal, and extension, the thrusters showed remarkable stability for both the science operations and the different maneuvers necessary to maintain LPF on its orbit around L1. It is therefore concluded that a similar cold gas system would be a viable propulsion system for the future LISA mission.

Published
2019

28. Temperature stability in the sub-milliHertz band with LISA Pathfinder

Author

Ferran Gibert, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Peter Zweifel, Daniele Vetrugno, F. Rivas, S. Vitale, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, A. Wittchen, P. Pivato, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Pierre Binétruy, Mauro Hueller, Gudrun Wanner, D. Hoyland, B. Kaune, C. Trenkel, Antoine Petiteau, Juan Ramos-Castro, Gerhard Heinzel, Daniel Hollington, G. Dixon, Paul McNamara, Ivan Lloro, R. Giusteri, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Davor Mance, Ph. Jetzer, M. Born, D. Texier, C. Mansanet, D. I. Robertson, Domenico Giardini, Antonella Cavalleri, Rita Dolesi, Ingo Diepholz, L. Martin-Polo, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, J. Martino, D. Wealthy, Karsten Danzmann, Peter Wass, Heather Audley, E. Castelli, L. Wissel, Luigi Ferraioli, J. Baird, Ignacio Mateos, Christian J. Killow, Michele Armano, N. Korsakova, I. Harrison, N. Meshksar, J. A. Lobo, M. Freschi, S. Paczkowski, E. D. Fitzsimons, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Nikolaos Karnesis, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, José F. F. Mendes, W. J. Weber, M. Hewitson, Oliver Jennrich, J. Reiche, Lluis Gesa, H. Inchauspé, Jose Sanjuan, James Ira Thorpe, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Catia Grimani, M. de Deus Silva, F. Martin-Porqueras, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, A. M. Cruise, Miquel Nofrarías, J. P. López-Zaragoza, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), LISA Pathfinder, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
detector: satellite, interferometer, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Low frequency, 01 natural sciences, Transfer function, Temperature measurement, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitational waves, temperature: fluctuation, Instruments [Space vehicles], Ones gravitacionals, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Física::Relativitat::Gravitació [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], space vehicles: instruments, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, LISA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, gravitational radiation, Time evolution, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gravitational radiation detector, Interferometry, frequency: low, Pathfinder, gravitational waves, gravitational waves – space vehicles: instruments, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], temperature: stability, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Aeronàutica i espai::Astronàutica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], business, Noise (radio)
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was a technology pioneering mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. In the low frequency regime (milli-Hertz and below), where space-based gravitational wave observatories will operate, temperature fluctuations play a crucial role since they can couple into the interferometric measurement and the test masses' free-fall accuracy in many ways. A dedicated temperature measurement subsystem, with noise levels in 10$\,\mu$K$\,$Hz$^{-1/2}$ down to $1\,$mHz was part of the diagnostics unit on board LPF. In this paper we report on the temperature measurements throughout mission operations, characterize the thermal environment, estimate transfer functions between different locations and report temperature stability (and its time evolution) at frequencies as low as 10$\,\mu$Hz, where typically values around $1\,$K$\,$Hz$^{-1/2}$ were measured., Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures. MNRAS LaTeX style file version 3.0

Published
2019

29. Precision charge control for isolated free-falling test masses: LISA pathfinder results

Author

J. Martino, Domenico Giardini, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Ian Harrison, S. Paczkowski, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Eric Plagnol, B. Kaune, Peter Wass, Henri Inchauspe, N. Korsakova, D. I. Robertson, Víctor S. Martín, J. Baird, Daniele Vetrugno, N. Meshskar, P. Sarra, Oliver Jennrich, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, Ph. Jetzer, E. Castelli, J. Grzymisch, Gerhard Heinzel, S. Vitale, D. Shaul, H. Ward, P. Pivato, F. Rivas, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, G. Santoruvo, Michele Armano, Catia Grimani, M. Hueller, D. Hoyland, G. Dixon, M. Freschi, Ignacio Mateos, Lluis Gesa, Karsten Danzmann, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Pierre Binétruy, Daniel Hollington, Nikolaos Karnesis, W. J. Weber, R. Maarschalkerweerd, M. de Deus Silva, F. Martin-Porqueras, P. Zweifel, Antonella Cavalleri, A. Wittchen, Gudrun Wanner, J. A. Lobo, Juan Ramos-Castro, James Ira Thorpe, Luigi Ferraioli, E. D. Fitzsimons, Heather Audley, R. Giusteri, M. Born, L. Wissel, Christian J. Killow, Markus Pfeil, Rita Dolesi, S. Waschke, L. Mendes, Ingo Diepholz, José F. F. Mendes, A. M. Cruise, M. Hewitson, D. Bortoluzzi, Miquel Nofrarías, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, L. Martin-Polo, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Davor Mance, D. Texier, Ivan Lloro, F. Mailland, C. Trenkel, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), LISA, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), LISA Pathfinder Collaboration, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, Gravitational wave detectors, Software, MATLAB, physics.ins-det, MISSION, computer.programming_language, Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, cosmic radiation, Physical Sciences, GEANT, charge: surface, Física::Relativitat [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], photoelectron, Experimental studies of gravity, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Electric charge, Charge, electric field: effect, Gravitational waves, cosmic rays, Ones gravitacionals, photon: irradiation, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Charge control, Experiments in gravity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, GEANT4, Science & Technology, charge: electric, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Charge (physics), FIELDS, charge: induced, Computational physics, Pathfinder, business, cosmology, computer
Abstract

International audience; The LISA Pathfinder charge management device was responsible for neutralizing the cosmic-ray-induced electric charge that inevitably accumulated on the free-falling test masses at the heart of the experiment. We present measurements made on ground and in flight that quantify the performance of this contactless discharge system which was based on photoemission under UV illumination. In addition, a two-part simulation is described that was developed alongside the hardware. Modeling of the absorbed UV light within the Pathfinder sensor was carried out with the Geant4 software toolkit and a separate Matlab charge transfer model calculated the net photocurrent between the test masses and surrounding housing in the presence of AC and DC electric fields. We confront the results of these models with observations and draw conclusions for the design of discharge systems for future experiments like LISA that will also employ free-falling test masses.

Published
2018

30. Calibrating the system dynamics of LISA Pathfinder

Author

J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, W. J. Weber, Christian J. Killow, Ignacio Mateos, M. de Deus Silva, S. Paczkowski, Pierre Binétruy, Eric Plagnol, J. Reiche, J. P. López-Zaragoza, N. Korsakova, Gerhard Heinzel, N. Meshksar, J. Martino, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, F. Rivas, Domenico Giardini, G. Dixon, Antonella Cavalleri, Ferran Gibert, Catia Grimani, Ian Harrison, T. J. Sumner, Oliver Jennrich, Henri Inchauspe, Antoine Petiteau, Gudrun Wanner, L. Liu, Paul McNamara, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Peter Zweifel, Juan Ramos-Castro, L. Martin-Polo, E. Castelli, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Lluis Gesa, J. Baird, Heather Audley, R. Maarschalkerweerd, José F. F. Mendes, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Daniele Vetrugno, A. Wittchen, M. Hueller, M. Hewitson, D. Hoyland, S. Vitale, A. M. Cruise, Nikolaos Karnesis, B. Kaune, P. Pivato, Davor Mance, D. Texier, D. I. Robertson, Luigi Ferraioli, M. Born, Víctor S. Martín, James Ira Thorpe, F. Martin-Porqueras, Ph. Jetzer, L. Wissel, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Karsten Danzmann, Miquel Nofrarías, Daniel Hollington, J. A. Lobo, Michele Armano, M. Freschi, Peter Wass, Ivan Lloro, R. Giusteri, Rita Dolesi, E. D. Fitzsimons, Ingo Diepholz, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
noise, detector: performance, detector: satellite, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Residual, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, INTERFEROMETRY, Acceleration, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), MISSION, Physics, LISA, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Noise (signal processing), business.industry, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, acceleration, stability, calibration, gravitational radiation detector, System dynamics, Pathfinder, Physical Sciences, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], readout, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was a European Space Agency mission with the aim to test key technologies for future space-borne gravitational-wave observatories like LISA. The main scientific goal of LPF was to demonstrate measurements of differential acceleration between free-falling test masses at the sub-femto-g level, and to understand the residual acceleration in terms of a physical model of stray forces, and displacement readout noise. A key step toward reaching the LPF goals was the correct calibration of the dynamics of LPF, which was a three-body system composed by two test-masses enclosed in a single spacecraft, and subject to control laws for system stability. In this work, we report on the calibration procedures adopted to calculate the residual differential stray force per unit mass acting on the two test-masses in their nominal positions. The physical parameters of the adopted dynamical model are presented, together with their role on LPF performance. The analysis and results of these experiments show that the dynamics of the system was accurately modeled and the dynamical parameters were stationary throughout the mission. Finally, the impact and importance of calibrating system dynamics for future space-based gravitational wave observatories is discussed.

Published
2018

31. Beyond the required LISA free-fall performance: new LISA Pathfinder results down to 20 μHz

Author

Daniele Vetrugno, Oliver Jennrich, P. Pivato, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Ph. Jetzer, Gerhard Heinzel, L. Martin-Polo, Miquel Nofrarías, Christian J. Killow, Pierre Binétruy, Antoine Petiteau, Ivan Lloro, N. Meshksar, Paul McNamara, E. D. Fitzsimons, Daniel Hollington, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Karsten Danzmann, R. Giusteri, Salvatore Vitale, Luigi Ferraioli, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, Lluis Gesa, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, J. A. Lobo, Rita Dolesi, E. Castelli, S. Paczkowski, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Peter Zweifel, B. Kaune, Mauro Hueller, Heather Audley, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Michele Armano, D. Hoyland, G. Dixon, A. Wittchen, M. Freschi, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, Peter Wass, José F. F. Mendes, Nikolaos Karnesis, Davor Mance, D. Texier, I. Harrison, D. I. Robertson, Ignacio Mateos, Antonella Cavalleri, M. Hewitson, Domenico Giardini, J. Martino, L. Wissel, N. Korsakova, J. Reiche, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, F. Rivas, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, M. Born, Ingo Diepholz, James Ira Thorpe, J. Baird, Henri Inchauspe, W. J. Weber, F. Martin-Porqueras, A. M. Cruise, M. de Deus Silva, Catia Grimani, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Astrofísica, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics, Noise figure, 01 natural sciences, 09 Engineering, LISA Pathfinder, pressure, benchmark, Noise performance, force: electrostatic, Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, Noise measurement, Brownian noise, Benchmarking, statistics, frequency, Physical Sciences, European Space Agency, Space probes, performance, General Physics, noise, perturbation, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Experimental benchmarks, calibration: electrostatic, Low frequency, Gravitational waves, Physics and Astronomy (all), Ones gravitacionals, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, noise: acceleration, 010306 general physics, 01 Mathematical Sciences, LISA, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Noise measurements, Física::Electromagnetisme::Ones electromagnètiques [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Low-frequency, Computational physics, Pathfinder, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Differential accelerations, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

In the months since the publication of the first results, the noise performance of LISA Pathfinder has improved because of reduced Brownian noise due to the continued decrease in pressure around the test masses, from a better correction of noninertial effects, and from a better calibration of the electrostatic force actuation. In addition, the availability of numerous long noise measurement runs, during which no perturbation is purposely applied to the test masses, has allowed the measurement of noise with good statistics down to 20 μHz. The Letter presents the measured differential acceleration noise figure, which is at (1.74±0.05) fm s−2/√Hz above 2 mHz and (6±1)×10 fm s−2/√Hz at 20 μHz, and discusses the physical sources for the measured noise. This performance provides an experimental benchmark demonstrating the ability to realize the low-frequency science potential of the LISA mission, recently selected by the European Space Agency., Physical Review Letters, 120 (6), ISSN:0031-9007, ISSN:1079-7114

Published
2018

32. Characteristics and Energy Dependence of Recurrent Galactic Cosmic-Ray Flux Depressions and of a Forbush Decrease with LISA Pathfinder

Author

C. Zenoni, Lluis Gesa, J. Martino, A. Zambotti, Gerhard Heinzel, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, I. Harrison, L. Martin-Polo, N. Korsakova, Stefano Vitale, Luis Mendes, J. A. Lobo, Marco Freschi, Nikolaos Karnesis, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, B. Kaune, D. Hoyland, Antoine Petiteau, L. Wissel, Daniele Bortoluzzi, Paul McNamara, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, Pierre Binétruy, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Catia Grimani, Antonella Cavalleri, Ignacio Mateos, Heather Audley, Daniele Vetrugno, Miquel Nofrarías, J. Baird, Massimo Bassan, Monica Laurenza, Davor Mance, M. Born, Federico Sabbatini, F. Martin-Porqueras, James Ira Thorpe, Michele Armano, A. M. Cruise, Philippe Jetzer, E. D. Fitzsimons, Christian J. Killow, Karsten Danzmann, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, J. Reiche, P. Pivato, D. I. Robertson, Henri Inchauspe, Ingo Diepholz, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, M. Fabi, M. de Deus Silva, Mauro Hueller, R. Giusteri, G. Dixon, Peter Wass, S. Paczkowski, N. Finetti, F. Rivas, Peter Zweifel, Rita Dolesi, Oliver Jennrich, Eric Plagnol, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Gudrun Wanner, Domenico Giardini, Juan Ramos-Castro, Vicente Martín, Daniel Hollington, Simone Benella, Daniele Telloni, Ivan Lloro, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, Damien Texier, Luigi Ferraioli, José F. F. Mendes, M. Hewitson, W. J. Weber, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Astrofísica, solar–terrestrial relations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0306 Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural), [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], interferometers [instrumentation], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0305 Organic Chemistry, 27-DAY VARIATION, Physics - Space Physics, Coronal mass ejection, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, cosmic rays, instrumentation: interferometers, interplanetary medium, solar-terrestrial relations, Sun: heliosphere, Sun: rotation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Sun rotation, Solar–terrestrial relations, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), heliosphere [Sun], Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Space physics, charged particle, solar, ELECTRONS, CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS, interferometers, Sun: rotation [cosmic rays, instrumentation], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, SOLAR-WIND, cosmic radiation: galaxy, Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Solar rotation, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, cosmic radiation: flux, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, HELIOSPHERIC MODULATION, Interplanetary medium, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, rotation [Sun], Astronomy & Astrophysics, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, Forbush decrease, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], instrumentation interferometers, SPACED DATA, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sun heliosphere, solar terrestrial relations, SPECTRUM, LISA, Science & Technology, cosmic radiation: energy spectrum, INTENSITY, POSITRONS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), cosmic rays, instrumentation interferometers, interplanetary medium, solar terrestrial relations, Sun heliosphere, Sun rotation, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, monitoring, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], charged particle: detector, Interplanetary spaceflight, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Heliosphere
Abstract

The final publication is available at IOS Press through http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa774 Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) energy spectra observed in the inner heliosphere are modulated by the solar activity, the solar polarity and structures of solar and interplanetary origin. A high counting rate particle detector (PD) aboard LISA Pathfinder, meant for subsystems diagnostics, was devoted to the measurement of GCR and solar energetic particle integral fluxes above 70 MeV n-1 up to 6500 counts s-1. PD data were gathered with a sampling time of 15 s. Characteristics and energy dependence of GCR flux recurrent depressions and of a Forbush decrease dated 2016 August 2 are reported here. The capability of interplanetary missions, carrying PDs for instrument performance purposes, in monitoring the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections is also discussed.

Published
2018

33. Experimental results from the ST7 mission on LISA Pathfinder

Author

S. Vitale, W. Warner, Lluis Gesa, J. Fernandez, Nikolaos Karnesis, M. Connally, R. Kolasinski, J. Martino, Thomas Randolph, Gerhard Heinzel, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, J. Gorelik, Eric Ehrbar, S. Rhodes, Ian Harrison, J. Wellman, J. A. Lobo, Thomas Roy, O. Hsu, A. Carmain, Oliver Jennrich, G. Dixon, M. Cherng, Charley Dunn, Henri Inchauspe, Ivan Lloro, D. Miller, F. Rivas, Luigi Ferraioli, L. Chen, D. Kern, L. Markley, Heather Audley, José F. F. Mendes, E. Dorantes, Gudrun Wanner, Peter Wass, S. Paczkowski, T. Le, Juan Ramos-Castro, R. Valencia, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, William E. Connolly, Pierre Binétruy, L. Wissel, H. Umfress, R. Parikh, D. Hoyland, T. J. Sumner, John R. Anderson, L. Liu, M. Hewitson, L. Mendes, E. Castelli, Vlad Hruby, Antonella Cavalleri, N. Korsakova, O. Liepack, Shahram Javidnia, Miquel Nofrarías, John J. Evans, Michele Armano, C. Kuo, M. Freschi, Daniel Hollington, Garth Franklin, Douglas J. Jackson, G. Aveni, K. Blackman, M. Hueller, Christian J. Killow, M. S. Anderson, J. P. López-Zaragoza, M. Born, Ingo Diepholz, S. Malik, N. Meshksar, Ryan Martin, S. Clark, Nate Demmons, Douglas Spence, Ferran Gibert, J. Stocky, W. Tolman, Ignacio Mateos, D. Conroy, Ira Thorpe, G. Plett, Phil Barela, A. Littlefield, Peter Willis, J. D’Agostino, M. Cooper, A. M. Cruise, D. Bortoluzzi, Catia Grimani, M. Duran, M. de Deus Silva, H. Shaw, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, E. D. Fitzsimons, Peter Zweifel, R. Giusteri, Ph. Jetzer, M. Knopp, T. Ramsey, D. I. Robertson, J. Mehta, Domenico Giardini, W. J. Weber, M. Girard, Rita Dolesi, L. Martin-Polo, Colleen Marrese-Reading, Karsten Danzmann, D. Bame, I. Li, Eric Plagnol, B. Kaune, Víctor S. Martín, C. Valerio, Andrew Romero-Wolf, D. Nguyen, J. Baird, Greg M. Anderson, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Peiman Maghami, Davor Mance, D. Texier, John Ziemer, J. Tallon, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, A. Ruiz, Carlos F. Sopuerta, J. O’Donnell, Daniele Vetrugno, Curt Cutler, J. Mennela, P. Pivato, Jurg Zwahlen, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ST7, LISA Pathfinder, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and ST7 Team

Subjects
detector: technology, Space technology, Gravitational-wave observatory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Thrust, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), Physics, Particles & Fields, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Experiments in gravity, thrust, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, noise: acceleration, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), activity report, Physics, LISA, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, density: spectral, business.industry, Payload, Noise spectral density, Pathfinder, Physical Sciences, control system, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmology, performance
Abstract

The Space Technology 7 Disturbance Reduction System (ST7-DRS) is a NASA technology demonstration payload that operated from January 2016 through July of 2017 on the European Space Agency's LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. The joint goal of the NASA and ESA missions was to validate key technologies for a future space-based gravitational wave observatory targeting the source-rich milliHertz band. The two primary components of ST7-DRS are a micropropulsion system based on colloidal micro-Newton thrusters (CMNTs) and a control system that simultaneously controls the attitude and position of the spacecraft and the two free-flying test masses (TMs). This paper presents our main experimental results and summarizes the overall the performance of the CMNTs and control laws. We find that the CMNT performance to be consistent with pre-flight predictions, with a measured system thrust noise on the order of $100\,\textrm{nN}/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ in the $1\,\textrm{mHz}\leq f \leq 30\,\textrm{mHz}$ band. The control system maintained the TM-spacecraft separation with an RMS error of less than 2$\,$nm and a noise spectral density of less than $3\,\textrm{nm}/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ in the same band. Thruster calibration measurements yield thrust values consistent with the performance model and ground-based thrust-stand measurements, to within a few percent. We also report a differential acceleration noise between the two test masses with a spectral density of roughly $3\,\textrm{fm}/\textrm{s}^2/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ in the $1\,\textrm{mHz}\leq f \leq 30\,\textrm{mHz}$ band, slightly less than twice as large as the best performance reported with the baseline LISA Pathfinder configuration and below the current requirements for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission.

Published
2018

34. Measuring the Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux with the LISA Pathfinder Radiation Monitor

Author

A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Ignacio Mateos, Ivan Lloro, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Peter Zweifel, Gerhard Heinzel, Miquel Nofrarías, Domenico Giardini, J. P. López-Zaragoza, A. Wittchen, Ferran Gibert, M. de Deus Silva, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Reiche, Peter Wass, A. M. Cruise, N. Finetti, Davor Mance, Mauro Hueller, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, D. Texier, Lluis Gesa, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, G. Dixon, Oliver Jennrich, Catia Grimani, E. Castelli, S. Vitale, Michele Armano, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Ph. Jetzer, Pierre Binétruy, M. Freschi, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Luigi Ferraioli, D. I. Robertson, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, E. Plagnol, James Ira Thorpe, Carlos F. Sopuerta, D. Hoyland, Karsten Danzmann, M. Born, L. Martin-Polo, Antonella Cavalleri, J. Grzymisch, Henri Inchauspe, Ingo Diepholz, V. Martín, J. Martino, Daniele Vetrugno, Nikolaos Karnesis, H. Ward, F. Rivas, L. Wissel, P. Pivato, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, I. Harrison, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, N. Meshskar, Christian J. Killow, José F. F. Mendes, M. Hewitson, W. J. Weber, R. Giusteri, Rita Dolesi, J. Baird, E. D. Fitzsimons, J. A. Lobo, S. Paczkowski, Daniel Hollington, Heather Audley, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Astrofísica, Pathfinder, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Charging, GCR, GEANT4, LISA, Radiation Monitor, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Astronomy, Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Physics::Space Physics, Heliospheric current sheet, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Noise (radio), astro-ph.IM
Abstract

© . This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Test mass charging caused by cosmic rays will be a significant source of acceleration noise for space-based gravitational wave detectors like LISA. Operating between December 2015 and July 2017, the technology demonstration mission LISA Pathfinder included a bespoke monitor to help characterise the relationship between test mass charging and the local radiation environment. The radiation monitor made in situ measurements of the cosmic ray flux while also providing information about its energy spectrum. We describe the monitor and present measurements which show a gradual 40% increase in count rate coinciding with the declining phase of the solar cycle. Modulations of up to 10% were also observed with periods of 13 and 26 days that are associated with co-rotating interaction regions and heliospheric current sheet crossings. These variations in the flux above the monitor detection threshold (¿˜¿70¿MeV) are shown to be coherent with measurements made by the IREM monitor on-board the Earth orbiting INTEGRAL spacecraft. Finally we use the measured deposited energy spectra, in combination with a GEANT4 model, to estimate the galactic cosmic ray differential energy spectrum over the course of the mission.

Published
2017

35. LISA Pathfinder closed-loop analysis: a model breakdown of the in-loop observables

Author

Ph. Jetzer, W. J. Weber, Lluis Gesa, Karsten Danzmann, Alexander Schleicher, F. Rivas, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, J. Grzymisch, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, D. Wealthy, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, H. Rozemeijer, D. Shaul, H. Ward, Eric Plagnol, Catia Grimani, Ian Harrison, Henri Inchauspe, Ignacio Mateos, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Domenico Giardini, A. Zambotti, Michael Troebs, C. Zanoni, P. Prat, R. De Rosa, Michele Armano, B. Kaune, A. Lobo, S. Madden, Antonella Cavalleri, M. Freschi, C. Garcia Marrirodriga, N. Dunbar, M. de Deus Silva, R. Gerndt, J. Baird, M. Bassan, J. Martino, L. Mendel, Daniele Vetrugno, L. Wissel, Pierre Binétruy, L. Di Fiore, J. P. López-Zaragoza, J. Reiche, Martin Hewitson, E. D. Fitzsimons, Oliver Jennrich, Daniel Hollington, Víctor S. Martín, Daniele Bortoluzzi, A. Cesarini, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, G. Russano, Ferran Gibert, Tobias Ziegler, P. Pivato, Gerard Auger, R. Giusteri, M. Caleno, N. Korsakova, Ingo Diepholz, Miquel Nofrarías, Ivan Lloro, M. Cruise, D. I. Robertson, Peter Zweifel, M. Hueller, Luigi Ferraioli, Ruggero Stanga, Tamara Sumner, R. Flatscher, Aniello Grado, Heather Audley, U. Ragnit, N. Karnesis, Rita Dolesi, José F. F. Mendes, Davor Mance, B. Johlander, D. Texier, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, M. Born, D. Hoyland, Peter Wass, James Ira Thorpe, L. Martin-Polo, F. Martin-Porqueras, C. Trenke, S. Paczkowski, P. Sarra, S. Vitale, N. Brandt, L. Liu, Christian J. Killow, Gerhard Heinzel, and LISA Pathfinder Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, History, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, Observable, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 09 Engineering, Computer Science Applications, Education, Loop (topology), Pathfinder, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Physical Sciences, 010306 general physics, Closed loop analysis
Abstract

This paper describes a methodology to analyze, in the frequency domain, the steady-state control performances of the LISA Pathfinder mission. In particular, it provides a technical framework to give a comprehensive understanding of the spectra of all the degrees of freedom by breaking them down into their various physical origins, hence bringing out the major contributions of the control residuals. A reconstruction of the measured in-loop output, extracted from a model of the closed-loop system, is shown as an instance to illustrate the potential of such a model breakdown of the data.

Published
2017

36. LISA Pathfinder: First steps to observing gravitational waves from space

Author

N. Karnesis, C. Garca Marrirodriga, Michele Armano, Ian Harrison, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, D. Hoyland, M. Freschi, Henri Inchauspe, M. Cruise, Daniele Vetrugno, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Gerhard Heinzel, F. Rivas, Lluis Gesa, Ignacio Mateos, P. Pivato, Ph. Jetzer, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, R. Gerndt, Peter Wass, Karsten Danzmann, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, S. Paczkowski, L. Liu, Carlos F. Sopuerta, R. Giusteri, P. Prat, N. Dunbar, Antonella Cavalleri, S. Vitale, L. Martin-Polo, J. Baird, U. Ragnit, Christian J. Killow, Domenico Giardini, M. de Deus Silva, Rita Dolesi, P. Sarra, H. Rozemeijer, Tobias Ziegler, R. De Rosa, J. Reiche, A. Zambotti, W. J. Weber, D. Shaul, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, M. Bassan, M. Hueller, J. Martino, E. D. Fitzsimons, Alexander Schleicher, R. Flatscher, Catia Grimani, F. Martin-Porqueras, Michael Troebs, Peter Zweifel, J. Grzymisch, M. Born, N. Korsakova, Aniello Grado, Heather Audley, H. Ward, Pierre Binétruy, James Ira Thorpe, L. Wissel, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, B. Johlander, Miquel Nofrarías, C. Zanoni, Eric Plagnol, Ruggero Stanga, Ingo Diepholz, A. Lobo, Martin Hewitson, Daniel Hollington, L. Di Fiore, Oliver Jennrich, M. Caleno, D. Wealthy, D. I. Robertson, C. Trenkel, Luigi Ferraioli, Tamara Sumner, Davor Mance, D. Texier, B. Kaune, S. Madden, Ivan Lloro, José F. F. Mendes, Víctor S. Martín, N. Brandt, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, Gerard Auger, and LISA Pathfinder Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, History, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, Gravitational wave, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astronomy, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), 09 Engineering, Computer Science Applications, Education, Pathfinder, Physical Sciences
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder, the European Space Agency's technology demonstrator mission for future spaceborne gravitational wave observatories, was launched on 3 December 2015, from the European space port of Kourou, French Guiana. After a short duration transfer to the final science orbit, the mission has been gathering science data since. This data has allowed the science community to validate the critical technologies and measurement principle for low frequency gravitational wave detection and thereby confirming the readiness to start the next generation gravitational wave observatories, such as LISA. This paper will briefly describe the mission, followed by a description of the science operations highlighting the performance achieved. Details of the various experiments performed during the nominal science operations phase can be found in accompanying papers in this volume.

Published
2017

37. Sub-Femto- g Free Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results

Author

R. Gerndt, F. Rivas, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Carbone, L. Mendes, Ph. Jetzer, Walter Fichter, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, D. Hoyland, Ulrich Johann, Gudrun Wanner, Miquel Nofrarías, Peter Wass, Juan Ramos-Castro, Pierre Binétruy, Ivan Lloro, Lluis Gesa, G. Auger, C. Trenkel, Stefano Vitale, James Ira Thorpe, Antoine Petiteau, A. Grynagier, Paul McNamara, A. F. García Marín, G. Congedo, Luigi Ferraioli, M. Born, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Karsten Danzmann, V Wand, C. Zanoni, A. Monsky, Ruggero Stanga, Ingo Diepholz, Carlos F. Sopuerta, F. Steier, A. Cesarini, José F. F. Mendes, Tobias Ziegler, N. Korsakova, G. Russano, F. Guzmán, H. Rozemeijer, M. Hewitson, A. Schleicher, B. Johlander, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Michele Armano, Daniel Hollington, Daniele Vetrugno, D. Wealthy, B. Kaune, S. Madden, P. Sarra, A. Zambotti, M. Diaz-Aguilo, Christian J. Killow, Peter Zweifel, Davor Mance, D. Shaul, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, M. Freschi, L. Di Fiore, Oliver Jennrich, Michael Tröbs, H. B. Tu, R. Flatscher, M. Caleno, D. I. Robertson, J. A. Lobo, S. Paczkowski, Ferran Gibert, L. Martin-Polo, P. Prat, I. Harrison, P. Pivato, Ignacio Mateos, C. García Marirrodriga, Mauro Hueller, D. Texier, A. Wittchen, U. Ragnit, Aniello Grado, Heather Audley, J Sanjuán, C. Warren, J. Reiche, B. Rais, Henri Inchauspe, G. Dixon, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Domenico Giardini, Daniele Nicolodi, N. Brandt, Nikolaos Karnesis, Giacomo Ciani, Antonella Cavalleri, J. Martino, R. Giusteri, L. Wissel, Rita Dolesi, J. Baird, Massimo Bassan, R. De Rosa, E. D. Fitzsimons, Gerhard Heinzel, W. J. Weber, A. M. Cruise, F. Martin-Porqueras, M. de Deus Silva, N. Dunbar, Catia Grimani, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, UK Space Agency, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Armano, M., Audley, H., Auger, G., Baird, J. T., Bassan, M., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Brandt, N., Caleno, M., Carbone, L., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Ciani, G., Congedo, G., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., De Deus Silva, M., DE ROSA, Rosario, Diaz Aguiló, M., Di Fiore, L., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Dunbar, N., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fichter, W., Fitzsimons, E. D., Flatscher, R., Freschi, M., García Marín, A. F., García Marirrodriga, C., Gerndt, R., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Guzmán, F., Grado, A., Grimani, C., Grynagier, A., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johann, U., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., López Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martin Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin Porqueras, F., Madden, S., Mateos, I., Mcnamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Monsky, A., Nicolodi, D., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Prat, P., Ragnit, U., Raïs, B., Ramos Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rozemeijer, H., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Sanjuán, J., Sarra, P., Schleicher, A., Shaul, D., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Stanga, R., Steier, F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Trenkel, C., Tröbs, M., Tu, H. B., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wand, V., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Warren, C., Wass, P. J., Wealthy, D., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zambotti, A., Zanoni, C., Ziegler, T., Zweifel, P., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
General Physics, Gravitational-wave observatory, detector: performance, Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), 09 Engineering, LISA Pathfinder, Gravitational waves, Acceleration, Physics and Astronomy (all), Square root, Ones gravitacionals, gas, 0103 physical sciences, Orders of magnitude (speed), interferometer: satellite, noise: acceleration, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 Mathematical Sciences, MISSION, Physics, LISA, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, density: spectral, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation, Spectral density, gravitational radiation detector: satellite, detector: sensitivity, gravitation, Physical Sciences, viscosity, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Brownian noise, readout, INTERFEROMETER
Abstract

We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2 +/- 0.1 fm s(exp -2)/square root of Hz, or (0.54 +/- 0.01) x 10(exp -15) g/square root of Hz, with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8 +/- 0.3) fm square root of Hz, about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f less than or equal to 0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s(exp -2)/square root of Hz down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.

Published
2016

38. Flip-Flop Upsets From Single-Event-Transients in 65 nm Clock Circuits

Author

Ethan H. Cannon, Kevin Stawiasz, David F. Heidel, M.S. Gordon, Kenneth P. Rodbell, and L. Wissel

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Chip, Upset, law.invention, Ion, Soft error, Atmospheric measurements, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Electronic engineering, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Event (particle physics), Flip-flop, Electronic circuit
Abstract

This paper describes upsets of 65 nm flip-flops caused by Single-Event-Transients in clock-tree circuits. The upset rate is predicted through modeling, and compared to upset rates measured on a 65 nm test chip with 15 MeV carbon ions and 148 MeV protons.

Published
2009

39. Design Implications of Single Event Transients in a Commercial 45 nm SOI Device Technology

Author

Philip J. Oldiges, Jonathan A. Pellish, A.J. Kleinosowski, Ethan H. Cannon, and L. Wissel

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, Event (relativity), Electrical engineering, Silicon on insulator, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Transient analysis, Soft error, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Single event upset, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Electronic circuit
Abstract

This paper presents modeling and measurements of single event transients in a commercial 45 nm SOI device technology. SETs in clock circuits and pass gates can cause upsets in circuit structures hardened against single event upsets.

Published
2008

40. Alpha-Particle, Carbon-Ion and Proton- Induced Flip-Flop Single-Event-Upsets in 65 nm Bulk Technology

Author

David F. Heidel, Kenneth P. Rodbell, M.S. Gordon, E.H. Cannon, and L. Wissel

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Proton, Nuclear Theory, chemistry.chemical_element, Alpha particle, Upset, Ion, Nuclear physics, Soft error, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Neutron, Spallation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nuclear Experiment, Carbon
Abstract

This paper presents upset rates of flip-flops in 65 nm commercial bulk technology predicted through modeling, and compares the predictions to upset rates measured with thorium foil, 15 MeV carbon ions, and 148 MeV protons. This paper demonstrates that 15 MeV carbon ions can be used to emulate the daughter products of neutron spallation reactions.

Published
2008

41. Circuit design and modeling for soft errors

Author

Ethan H. Cannon, Philip J. Oldiges, A. KleinOsowski, and L. Wissel

Subjects
Engineering, General Computer Science, business.industry, Circuit design, Product definition, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Semiconductor device, Product (mathematics), Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Static random-access memory, Circuit models, business, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Electronic circuit
Abstract

As semiconductor devices decrease in size, soft errors are becoming a major issue that must be addressed at all stages of product definition. Even before prototype silicon chips are available for measuring, modeling must be able to predict soft-error rates with reasonable accuracy. As the technology matures, circuit test sites are produced and experimentally tested to determine representative fail rates of critical SRAM and flip-flop circuits. Circuit models are then fit to these experimental results and further test-site and product circuits are designed and modeled as needed.

Published
2008

42. Generation of Bitumen Fumes Using Two Fume Generation Protocols and Comparison to Worker Industrial Hygiene Exposures

Author

Adam P. Redman, Linda V. Osborn, Anthony J. Kriech, Lisa A. Smith, Herbert L. Wissel, and Todd E. Dobbs

Subjects
Engineering, Waste management, Occupational hygiene, Asphalt, business.industry, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, technology, industry, and agriculture, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, business, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases, Animal skin
Abstract

This study had two fundamental goals. The first was to collect sufficient quantities of bitumen fumes used in both the roofing and paving industry in the United States to do detailed chemical and biological testing in preparation for a two-year animal skin painting study on select samples. These bitumen fumes need to be similar to the fumes to which workers in these industries are actually exposed. In this first phase, bitumen from four geographical regions of the United States were selected, which produced bitumen from four different major crude sources in roofing and four sources in paving. Each source was supplied to projects where workers were monitored for exposure. The industrial hygiene samples from workers were then tested for physical and chemical properties. These results were used to guide collection of fumes from each source using the vapor headspace of tanks containing each bitumen. Bitumen fumes were collected using the same protocol that the Fraunhofer Institute of Technology and Medicine e...

Published
2007

43. Evaluation of Worker Exposure to Asphalt Paving Fumes Using Traditional and Nontraditional Techniques

Author

Linda V. Osborn, Herbert L. Wissel, Anthony J. Kriech, Joseph T. Kurek, and Gary R. Blackburn

Subjects
Adult, chemistry.chemical_classification, Temperature, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental engineering, Reproducibility of Results, Sorption, Air Pollutants, Occupational, Mass spectrometry, Hydrocarbons, United States, Aerosol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrocarbon, chemistry, Occupational Exposure, Environmental chemistry, Carcinogens, Humans, Bioassay, Organic matter, Gas chromatography, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Benzene, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Forty-five workers at 11 paving sites across the United States were evaluated for exposure to paving asphalt (bitumen) fumes. Traditional measures of exposure such as total particulate matter (TPM) and benzene soluble matter (BSM) were monitored. In addition, total organic matter (TOM), which includes both the BSM residue and the more volatile components that pass through the filter and are collected on sorption material, was quantified and further characterized using a gas chromatography technique and a recently developed fluorescence test. The latter method, which indirectly estimates the content of four- to six-ring polycyclic aromatic compounds, is used as a predictor of carcinogenicity. The correlation between fluorescence emission intensity and carcinogenicity for 36 laboratory generated fume fractions, as measured in a mouse skin-painting bioassay, was then used to estimate the carcinogenic potential of worker monitoring samples. Emission levels, and therefore predicted carcinogenicity, for these samples were at least 17-fold below the value corresponding to a minimal carcinogenic effect. This result was consistent with more extensive chemical analysis (using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) of two of the samples, which showed the predominant constituents to be alkanes, monocycloparaffins, alkyl-benzenes, alkyl-naphthalenes, and alkyl-benzothiophenes. The geometric mean exposures for all worker studies were 0.21 mg/m3 (TPM), 0.06 mg/m3 (BSM), and 1.23 mg/m3 (TOM).

Published
2002

44. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Asphalt and in Corresponding Leachate Water

Author

Herbert L. Wissel, B. J. Sweeney, Anthony J. Kriech, Linda V. Osborn, and Joseph T. Kurek

Subjects
Pollutant, Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, Polymers and Plastics, Asphalt, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Emergency planning, Leachate, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Abstract

The environmental impact of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in asphalt (bitumen) materials is related to their availability for environmental transport and biouptake, rather than their total concentrations. This study examines six Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) paving asphalts and four commercial roofing asphalts. Three cleanup procedures for the neat asphalt samples are evaluated. This study reports on analyses for 29 PACs, including the EPA 16 priority pollutant PAHs and additional Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxins. These require reporting by the U.S. EPA under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) section 313. The analytical protocol for analysis of the higher molecular weight PACs by GC/MS is reported, with inclusion of GC/MS/MS verification of some of the detectable compounds. Additionally, each asphalt was taken through a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure following U.S. EPA method SW846-1311. Results of the paving and roofing asphalts and their corre...

Published
2002

45. Inhalation Study on Exposure to Bitumen Fumes: Formation of DNA Adducts in Various Rat Tissues Following Nose-only Inhalation

Author

Michel Lafontaine, Henk C. A. Brandt, Carole Genevois-charmeau, Hervé Nunge, Paul C. de groot, Stéphane Binet, Yves Morele, P. Bonnet, Marcel Castegnaro, Herbert L. Wissel, Liliane Garren, and Anthony J. Kriech

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Inhalation, Chemistry, education, Organic Chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases, Adduct, chemistry.chemical_compound, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Materials Chemistry, DNA Adduct Formation, Organic chemistry, DNA, Nose only inhalation
Abstract

During the hot application of bitumen containing materials, e.g., in hot paving or roofing, fumes are emitted that contain traces of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) including heterocyclic and/or substituted PACs. Previous studies of DNA adduct formation by bitumen and coal-tar fume condensates (BFCs and CTFCs, respectively) indicated that the genotoxic compounds responsible for DNA adduct formation in BFCs and CTFCs were of different nature. Moreover, it was suggested that the major adduct found in the lungs and also in skin and lymphocytes of BFC-treated rats might be usable as a marker of exposure to bitumen fumes.

Published
2001

46. Inhalation study on exposure to bitumen fumes Part 2: analytical results at two exposure levels

Author

Henk C. A. Brandt, P. C. De Groot, Marcel Castegnaro, Herbert L. Wissel, Michel Lafontaine, P. Bonnet, Anthony J. Kriech, Stéphane Binet, Hervé Nunge, and Yves Morele

Subjects
Inhalation exposure, chemistry.chemical_classification, Waste management, Inhalation, technology, industry, and agriculture, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Acenaphthene, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, General Medicine, Particulates, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Pyrene, Coal tar, Benzene, medicine.drug
Abstract

During the hot application of bitumen-containing materials, e.g. in road paving or roofing, fumes are emitted that contain traces of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Although worker's exposure to these fumes is low, it might lead to health problems. For studying DNA adduct formation as a consequence of inhalation of bitumen fumes we developed and validated an inhalation system (a dynamic fume generator plus a nose only inhalation chamber). This paper presents and discusses the analytical results from the different laboratories involved in this study on the fumes sampled in the inhalation chamber during three series of experiments where the animals were exposed to fumes at the 5 mg/m 3 and 50 mg/m 3 level, coming from bitumen heated at 200° C and, as a positive control, fumes from coal tar, heated to 110°C at the 5 mg/m 3 level. The following parameters were controlled: temperatures at different key places in the generator; humidity of the chamber; the bitumen or coal tar flow rate; and Total Particulate Matter (TPM). Analyses were performed for Benzene Soluble Matter (BSM), the EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixture and for a number of heteroatom-containing PACs. The data show that the coal tar fumes produced at 110 C were very volatile and that most of the differences in particulate matter found between the laboratories can be attributed to evaporative losses. The bitumen fumes boil 25-50 C higher and contain higher boiling compounds. A comparison is made between the PAC exposure profiles for bitumen experiments aimed at 5 and 50 mg/m 3 . Although the same molecules are found in both fumes their proportion is dramatically different. This effect is largest with the 2- and 3-ring PACs, the ratio of the concentrations found in the 50 mg/m 3 TPM concentration to that in the 5 mg/m 3 experiment gradually declines from 5500 for acenaphthene to 500 for pyrene, for the 5-ring PACs this ratio is 20-30. As function of their vapour pressure, the ratios of the concentrations of the hetero PACs follow the same trend as that of the 16 EPA PAHs and are of the same order of magnitude. In conclusion, for the compounds investigated, the equipment delivers a fume atmosphere in a reproducible manner. The 50 mg/m 3 bitumen fumes are not representatives of field fumes. The reason for these quantitative differences is unclear and further work would be needed to clarify this. Nevertheless it was felt that these fumes at 50 mg/m 3 might be a useful tool for qualitative detection of DNA adducts in an animal exposure study. © 2000 British Occupational Hygiene Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2000

47. Effects of Mode of Generation on the Composition of Asphalt Fumes

Author

Joseph T. Kurek, Anthony J. Kriech, and Herbert L. Wissel

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Asphalt, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Materials Chemistry, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

Asphalt is used as the binder (cement) in road paving, and in the manufacture and application of roofing materials. At the elevated temperatures used in these industries, asphalt emits fumes. Concerns about the possible presence of carcinogenic PACs in asphalt fumes prompted the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to sponsor two mouse skin-painting bioassays[1,2] of roofing asphalt fumes laboratory generated at 232° and 316°C. The studies showed that the whole fume condensates and two of five HPLC subfractions of the higher temperature fume were carcinogenic. The present investigation was designed to determine the extent to which NIOSH's mode of fume generation affected their composition, and hence biological activity. The results show that minor changes in generation mode produce marked differences in fume composition. Relative to field fumes, the laboratory-generated fumes were significantly enriched in higher molecular weight PACs associated with carcinogenicity in ani...

Published
1999

48. Laboratory Generation and Evaluation of Paving Asphalt Fumes

Author

Herbert L. Wissel, Joseph T. Kurek, Gary R. Blackburn, Anthony J. Kriech, and Linda V. Osborn

Subjects
Engineering, Road construction, Waste management, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, technology, industry, and agriculture, Testing equipment, Negative control, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases, law.invention, Ames test, Laboratory test, law, Asphalt, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Forensic engineering, Flame ionization detector, Gas chromatography, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

A novel laboratory asphalt fume generator was developed and validated against fumes collected on personnel monitors from field paving sites and above paving asphalt storage tanks. Once the apparatus was validated, fumes were generated from eight core Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) single crude asphalts, as well as from synthetically produced positive and negative control asphalts. The fumes were characterized using a number of analytical techniques, including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, UV/fluorescence, and a short-term bioassay called the modified Ames test. For comparison purposes, the same methods were applied to fume condensate preparations from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) animal skin-painting studies. On the basis of the chemical and biological tests, these SHRP asphalt fumes were found to have a lower carcinogenic potential than a NIOSH fume fraction found to be noncarcinogenic in the NIOSH studies.

Published
1999

49. Comparison of Field- and Laboratory-Generated Asphalt Fumes

Author

Linda V. Osborn, Herbert L. Wissel, Gary R. Blackburn, Bernard M. McCarthy, Anthony J. Kriech, and Joseph T. Kurek

Subjects
Engineering, Road construction, Waste management, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, technology, industry, and agriculture, Context (language use), Field tests, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases, Asphalt, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Forensic engineering, Carcinogenicity testing, business, Analysis method, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Studies conducted by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluated the carcinogenicity of fumes collected from a catalytically prepared roofing asphalt at 232°C and 316°C using a laboratory generator. The fume condensate from these studies was found to cause a carcinogenic response. However, the uniqueness of the roofing asphalt and the laboratory-generation method makes it difficult to assess the meaning of this study in the context of paving asphalt. Fumes from paving asphalt operations were compared compositionally with the fumes generated and used in the NIOSH animal studies. In addition, the impact of temperature on asphalt fume composition was examined. The results showed that fume composition is greatly affected by the conditions under which the fume is generated, the design of the laboratory fume generator having the most significant effect on the type of fume produced. Fumes collected at field paving sites bear little resemblance chemically to the roofing fume used in the animal study. Most important, the compounds most likely responsible for the carcinogenicity in the animal studies were not present in fumes found in the field paving sites studied.

Published
1999

50. Technology-migratable ASIC library design

Author

L. Wissel, Thomas R. Bednar, R. A. Piro, Douglas W. Stout, and Paul S. Zuchowski

Subjects
Library design, Engineering, General Computer Science, Application-specific integrated circuit, Computer architecture, business.industry, Systems engineering, IBM, business, Design methods, PATH (variable)
Abstract

A library strategy has been developed to enable IBM Microelectronics ASIC development to keep pace with rapid technology enhancements and to offer leading-edge performance to ASIC customers. Library elements are designed using migratable design rules to allow designs to be reused in future advanced technologies; and library contents, design methodology, test methodology, and packaging offerings for the ASICs also are consistent between current and future technologies. The benefit to the ASIC customer is an ASIC with a rich library of logic functions, arrays, and I/Os for today's designs, and with a ready migration path into future designs.

Published
1996

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