103 results on '"Korving, L."'
Search Results
2. Zn induced surface modification of stable goethite nanoparticles for improved regenerative phosphate adsorption
- Author
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Belloni, C., Korving, L., Witkamp, G.J., Brück, E., and Dugulan, A.I.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effect of goethite doping using elements with different preferential oxidation states for improved reversible phosphate adsorption
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Belloni, C., Korving, L., Witkamp, G.J., Brück, E., and Dugulan, A.I.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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4. FeOOH and (Fe,Zn)OOH hybrid anion exchange adsorbents for phosphate recovery: A determination of Fe-phases and adsorption–desorption mechanisms
- Author
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Belloni, C., Korving, L., Witkamp, G.J., Brück, E., de Jager, P., and Dugulan, A.I.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Efficient formation of vivianite without anaerobic digester: Study in excess activated sludge
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Prot, T., Pannekoek, W., Belloni, C., Dugulan, A.I., Hendrikx, R., Korving, L., and van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Pilot-scale magnetic recovery of vivianite from digested sewage sludge
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Wijdeveld, W.K., Prot, T., Sudintas, G., Kuntke, P., Korving, L., and van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Vivianite scaling in wastewater treatment plants: Occurrence, formation mechanisms and mitigation solutions
- Author
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Prot, T., Korving, L., Dugulan, A.I., Goubitz, K., and van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Full-scale increased iron dosage to stimulate the formation of vivianite and its recovery from digested sewage sludge
- Author
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Prot, T., Wijdeveld, W., Eshun, L. Ekua, Dugulan, A.I., Goubitz, K., Korving, L., and Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Sulfide induced phosphate release from iron phosphates and its potential for phosphate recovery
- Author
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Wilfert, P., Meerdink, J., Degaga, B., Temmink, H., Korving, L., Witkamp, G.J., Goubitz, K., and van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Magnetic separation and characterization of vivianite from digested sewage sludge
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Prot, T., Nguyen, V.H., Wilfert, P., Dugulan, A.I., Goubitz, K., De Ridder, D.J., Korving, L., Rem, P., Bouderbala, A., Witkamp, G.J., and van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Vivianite as the main phosphate mineral in digested sewage sludge and its role for phosphate recovery
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Wilfert, P., Dugulan, A.I., Goubitz, K., Korving, L., Witkamp, G.J., and Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
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- 2018
- Full Text
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12. WITHDRAWN: FeOOH and (Fe,Zn)OOH hybrid anion exchange adsorbents for phosphate recovery: A determination of fe-phases and adsorption–desorption mechanisms
- Author
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Belloni, C., primary, Korving, L., additional, Witkamp, G.J., additional, Brück, E., additional, de Jager, P., additional, and Dugulan, A.I., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. PE Karakterisering waterschappen – voortgangsrapportage november 2023
- Author
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Korving, L. and Korving, L.
- Abstract
Jaarlijkse kopen de waterschappen circa 9 miljoen kg poly-elektrolyt (PE) in voor de indikking en eindontwatering van het zuiveringsslib dat vrijkomt bij de rioolwaterzuiveringen in Nederland. De kosten hiervan bedragen naar schatting 14 miljoen euro per jaar. De milieu-impact die samengaat met de productie van deze hulpstof is daarnaast significant en heeft een groot aandeel (typisch 10-15%) van de totale CO2-voetafdruk van een rioolwaterzuivering. De goede werking van dit PE is verder van belang om een goed ontwateringsresultaat te bereiken en daardoor de kosten voor slibafzet zoveel mogelijk te beperken. Helaas is de keuze van het PE type vaak een zaak van uitproberen en daarnaast is er weinig inzicht in eventuele variaties in de kwaliteit van het PE zoals dat door de waterschappen wordt ingekocht. Daarom is in 2016 en 2017 door STOWA onderzoek uitbesteed aan Wetsus, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen en Aiforo om een methode te ontwikkelen om de kwaliteit van het PE te kunnen meten. Deze studie liet zien dat een combinatie van element-analyse en viscositeitsbepaling aan deze wens kon voldoen. De Vereniging van Zuiveringsbeheerders heeft de resultaten van deze studie opgepakt en na een openbare aanbesteding juni 2019 het laboratorium Intertek opdracht gegeven deze meetmethode verder uit te werken en te operationaliseren. In de tweede helft van 2019 heeft Intertek de methode verder verbeterd en gereed gemaakt voor accreditatie, waarna de waterschappen vanaf januari 2020 op reguliere basis PE monsters zijn gaan aanleveren voor analyse. Inmiddels zijn er gedurende bijna 4 jaar monsters genomen en geanalyseerd met de ontwikkelde methode. Deze rapportage geeft een samenvatting van de ontwikkelingen, inzichten en resultaten die sindsdien zijn verkregen.
- Published
- 2023
14. FeOOH and (Fe,Zn)OOH hybrid anion exchange adsorbents for phosphate recovery: A determination of Fe-phases and adsorption–desorption mechanisms
- Author
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Belloni, C. (author), Korving, L. (author), Witkamp, G. J. (author), Brück, E.H. (author), de Jager, P. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Belloni, C. (author), Korving, L. (author), Witkamp, G. J. (author), Brück, E.H. (author), de Jager, P. (author), and Dugulan, A.I. (author)
- Abstract
Hybrid anion exchange adsorbents (HAIX) seem promising to prevent eutrophication and recover phosphate (P). HAIX consist of an anion exchange resin (AIX) backbone, promoting anion physisorption (outer-sphere complex), impregnated with iron (hydr)oxide nanoparticles (NPs), for selective P chemisorption (inner-sphere complex). In this work, for the first time, as far as we know, Zn-doped iron (hydr)oxide NPs were embedded in AIX, and the performances compared with conventional HAIX, both commercial and synthesized. Zn-doped HAIX displayed improved P adsorption performances. Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) revealed the goethite nature of the NPs, against the “amorphous hydrous ferric oxide” claimed in literature. The P adsorption comparisons, made in synthetic solution and real wastewater, underlined the crucial role of the NPs for selective P adsorption, while improving the understanding on the competition between physisorption and chemisorption. In pure P synthetic solutions, especially at high P concentrations, physisorption can “hide” chemisorption. This depends also on the anion form of the AIX, due to their higher affinity for multivalent anions, which affects HAIX adsorption selectivity and P desorption. In fact, a mild alkaline regeneration over three adsorption–desorption cycles revealed a complex interaction between the regenerant OH− and the adsorbed P. OH− molecules are consumed to transform phosphate speciation, causing (stronger) P re-adsorption and preventing desorption. Finally, Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed NPs agglomeration/growth after the three cycles plus final regeneration at pH 14. This study provides further understanding on the P adsorption–desorption mechanism in HAIX, drawing attention on the choice of experimental conditions for reliable performance assessment, and questioning HAIX consistent P removal and efficient P recovery in the long-term., RST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy, RID/TS/Instrumenten groep
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- 2023
- Full Text
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15. Vivianite as an important iron phosphate precipitate in sewage treatment plants
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Wilfert, P., Mandalidis, A., Dugulan, A.I., Goubitz, K., Korving, L., Temmink, H., Witkamp, G.J., and Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
- Published
- 2016
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16. Ionic strength of the liquid phase of different sludge streams in a wastewater treatment plant
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Prot, T.J.F. (author), Korving, L. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Prot, T.J.F. (author), Korving, L. (author), and van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)
- Abstract
In a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), several sludge streams exist and the composition of their liquid phase varies with time and place. For evaluating the potential for formation of precipitates and equilibria for weak acids/bases, the ionic strength and chemical composition need to be known. This information is often not available in literature, and even neglected in chemical model-based research. Based on a literature review, we proposed three ranges of concentration (low, typical and high) for the major constituents of the liquid phase of the different streams in a WWTP. The study also discusses the reasons for the concentration evolution, and the exceptional cases, to allow readers to consider the right range depending on their situation. The ionic strength of the different streams and the contribution of its constituents were calculated based on the ionic composition. The major contributors to the ionic strength for the wastewater-based streams (influent, effluent and mixed sludge) were Na+, Cl-, Mg2+ and Ca2+, representing 50-70% of the ionic strength. For digestate, NH4+ and HCO3- accounted for 65-75% of the ionic strength. Even though the ionic strength is recognized to impact several important wastewater treatment processes, its utilization in literature is not always adequate, which is discussed in this study., BT/Environmental Biotechnology
- Published
- 2022
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17. Efficient formation of vivianite without anaerobic digester: Study in excess activated sludge
- Author
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Prot, T.J.F. (author), Pannekoek, W. (author), Belloni, C. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Hendrikx, R.W.A. (author), Korving, L. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Prot, T.J.F. (author), Pannekoek, W. (author), Belloni, C. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Hendrikx, R.W.A. (author), Korving, L. (author), and van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)
- Abstract
It was recently discovered that vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O) could be magnetically extracted from digested activated sludge which opened a new route for phosphorus recovery (Wijdeveld et al. 2022). While its formation in digested sludge is regularly reported, it is not yet studied for fresh, undigested activated sludge. In particular, the extent to which vivianite could form during sludge storage is missing. The current research showed that iron reduction was completed after 2–4 days of anaerobic storage, and the vivianite appeared to form quickly from the pool of reduced iron made available. After sludge thickening at the wastewater treatment plant (30 h retention time), around 11% of the iron was vivianite. With subsequent 1–3 days of anaerobic storage, this fraction increased to 50–55%. After this storage, almost all the vivianite that could potentially form did form. This research concluded that efficient vivianite formation can be achieved without a sludge digester, showing phosphorus recovery potential from undigested sludge via vivianite recovery. Besides, the recovery of vivianite from undigested sludge presents advantages like the reduction of the sludge to dispose of and mitigation of the vivianite scaling formation., BT/Environmental Biotechnology, RST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy, Instrumenten groep, Team Amarante Bottger
- Published
- 2022
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18. Pilot-scale magnetic recovery of vivianite from digested sewage sludge
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Wijdeveld, W. K. (author), Prot, T.J.F. (author), Sudintas, G. (author), Kuntke, P. (author), Korving, L. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Wijdeveld, W. K. (author), Prot, T.J.F. (author), Sudintas, G. (author), Kuntke, P. (author), Korving, L. (author), and van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)
- Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential resource for food production and chemical industry. Phosphorus use has to become more sustainable and should include phosphorus recycling from secondary sources. About 20% of P ends up in sewage sludge, making this a substantial secondary P source. There is currently a technological gap to recover P from sludge locally at wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that remove P by dosing iron. Vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2•8(H2O)) is the main iron phosphate mineral that forms during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, provided that enough iron is present. Vivianite is paramagnetic and can be recovered using a magnetic separator. In this study, we have scaled up vivianite separation from lab-scale to bench- and pilot-scale. Bench-scale tests showed good separation of vivianite from digested sewage sludge and that a pulsation force is crucial for obtaining a concentrate with a high P grade. A pilot-scale magnetic separator (capacity 1.0 m3/h) was used to recover vivianite from digested sewage sludge at a WWTP. Recirculating and reprocessing sludge allows over 80% vivianite recovery within three passes. A concentrated P-product was produced with a vivianite content of up to 800 mg/g and a P content of 98 mg/g. P recovery is limited by the amount of P bound in vivianite and can be increased by increased iron dosing. With sufficient iron dosing, the vivianite content can be increased, and subsequently more P can be recovered. This would allow compliance with existing German legislation, which requires a P recovery larger than 50%., BT/Environmental Biotechnology
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- 2022
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19. Development of a Novel Vacuum Pyrolysis Reactor with Improved Heat Transfer Potential : Vacuum pyrolysis — Improved heat transfer
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Roy, C., Yang, J., Blanchette, D., Korving, L., De Caumia, B., Bridgwater, A. V., editor, and Boocock, D. G. B., editor
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- 1997
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20. Ionic strength of the liquid phase of different sludge streams in a wastewater treatment plant
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Prot, T., primary, Korving, L., additional, and Van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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21. Vivianite scaling in wastewater treatment plants: Occurrence, formation mechanisms and mitigation solutions
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Prot, T.J.F. (author), Korving, L. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Prot, T.J.F. (author), Korving, L. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), and van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)
- Abstract
The presence of soluble iron and phosphorus in wastewater sludge can lead to vivianite scaling. This problem is not often reported in literature, most likely due to the difficult identification and quantification of this mineral. It is usually present as a hard and blue deposit that can also be brown or black depending on its composition and location. From samples and information gathered in 14 wastewater treatment plants worldwide, it became clear that vivianite scaling is common and can cause operational issues. Vivianite scaling mainly occurred in 3 zones, for which formation hypotheses were discussed. Firstly, iron reduction seems to be the trigger for scaling in anaerobic zones like sludge pipes, mainly after sludge thickening. Secondly, pH increase was evaluated to be the major cause for the formation of a mixed scaling (a majority of oxidized vivianite with some iron hydroxides) around dewatering centrifuges of undigested sludge. Thirdly, the temperature dependence of vivianite solubility appears to be the driver for vivianite deposition in heat exchanger around mesophilic digesters (37 °C), while higher temperatures potentially aggravate the phenomenon, for instance in thermophilic digesters. Mitigation solutions like the use of buffer tanks or steam injections are discussed. Finally, best practices for safe mixing of sludges with each other are proposed, since poor admixing can contribute to scaling aggravation. The relevance of this study lays in the occurrence of ironphosphate scaling, while the use of iron coagulants will probably increase in the future to meet more stringent phosphorus discharge limits., BT/Environmental Biotechnology, Instrumenten groep, RST/Technici Pool
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- 2021
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22. PE Karakterisering waterschappen – tussentijdse resultaten na 1 jaar bemonsteringen
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Korving, L. and Korving, L.
- Abstract
Jaarlijkse kopen de waterschappen circa 9 miljoen kg poly-elektrolyt (PE) in voor de indikking en eindontwatering van het zuiveringsslib ter waarde van 14 miljoen euro per jaar. De milieu impact van dit PE verbruik is significant en bovendien helpt een goed ontwateringsresultaat om de afzetkosten voor het zuiveringsslib te beperken. Er is nog géén methode beschikbaar om de kwaliteit van een type PE te monitoren. De kwaliteit is van belang om continuïteit van de ontwateringsresultaten te borgen en daarmee de afzetkosten voor zuiveringsslib te beperken. Daarom is in 2016 en 2017 door STOWA onderzoek uitbesteed aan Wetsus, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen en Aiforo om een methode te ontwikkelen om de kwaliteit van het PE te kunnen meten. Deze studie liet zien dat een combinatie van element-analyse en viscositeitsbepaling aan deze wens kon voldoen. Na een openbare aanbesteding juni 2019 heeft het laboratorium Intertek opdracht gekregen van de Vereniging van Zuiveringsbeheerders om deze meetmethode verder uit te werken, gereed te maken voor accreditatie en te operationaliseren. Vanaf januari 2020 zijn de waterschappen op reguliere basis PE monsters gaan aanleveren voor analyse. Inmiddels zijn er gedurende een jaar meer dan 322 monsters aangeleverd door de waterschappen. Dit rapport geeft een tussentijdse analyse van de resultaten.
- Published
- 2021
23. Full-scale increased iron dosage to stimulate the formation of vivianite and its recovery from digested sewage sludge
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Prot, T.J.F. (author), Wijdeveld, W. (author), Eshun, L. Ekua (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), Korving, L. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Prot, T.J.F. (author), Wijdeveld, W. (author), Eshun, L. Ekua (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), Korving, L. (author), and van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)
- Abstract
The recovery of phosphorus from secondary sources like sewage sludge is essential in a world suffering from resources depletion. Recent studies have demonstrated that phosphorus can be magnetically recovered as vivianite (Fe(II)3(PO4)2∗8H2O) from the digested sludge (DS) of Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) dosing iron. To study the production of vivianite in digested sludge, the quantity of Fe dosed at the WWTP of Nieuwveer (The Netherlands) was increased (from 0.83 to 1.53 kg Fe/kg P in the influent), and the possible benefits for the functioning of the WWTP were evaluated. Higher Fe dosing is not only relevant for P-recovery, but also for maximal recovery of organics from influent for e.g. biogas production. The share of phosphorus present as vivianite in the DS increased from 20% to 50% after the increase in Fe dosing, making more phosphorus available for future magnetic recovery. This increase was directly proportional to the increase of Fe in DS, suggesting that vivianite could be favored not only thermodynamically, but also kinetically. Interestingly, analyses suggest that several types of vivianite are formed in the WWTP, and could differ in their purity, oxidation state or crystallinity. These differences could have an impact on the subsequent magnetic separation. Following the Fe dosing increase, P in the effluent and H2S in the biogas both decreased: 1.28 to 0.42 ppm for P and 26 to 8 ppm for H2S. No negative impact on the nitrogen removal, biogas production, COD removal or dewaterability was observed. Since quantification of vivianite in DS is complicated, previous studies were reviewed and we proposed a more accurate Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis and fitting for sludge samples. This study is important from a P recovery point of view, but also because iron addition can play a crucial role in future resource recovery wastewater facilities., BT/Environmental Biotechnology, Instrumenten groep, RST/Technici Pool
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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24. Sulfide induced phosphate release from iron phosphates and its potential for phosphate recovery
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Wilfert, P.K. (author), Meerdink, J. (author), Degaga, B. (author), Temmink, H. (author), Korving, L. (author), Witkamp, G.J. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Wilfert, P.K. (author), Meerdink, J. (author), Degaga, B. (author), Temmink, H. (author), Korving, L. (author), Witkamp, G.J. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), and van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)
- Abstract
Sulfide is frequently suggested as a tool to release and recover phosphate from iron phosphate rich waste streams, such as sewage sludge, although systematic studies on mechanisms and efficiencies are missing. Batch experiments were conducted with different synthetic iron phosphates (purchased Fe(III)P, Fe(III)P synthesized in the lab and vivianite, Fe(II)3(PO4)2*8H2O), various sewage sludges (with different molar Fe:P ratios) and sewage sludge ash. When sulfide was added to synthetic iron phosphates (molar Fe:S = 1), phosphate release was completed within 1 h with a maximum release of 92% (vivianite), 60% (purchased Fe(III)P) and 76% (synthesized Fe(III)P). In the latter experiment, rebinding of phosphate to Fe(II) decreased net phosphate release to 56%. Prior to the re-precipitation, phosphate release was very efficient (P released/S input) because it was driven by Fe(III) reduction and not by, more sulfide demanding, FeSx formation. This was confirmed in low dose sulfide experiments without significant FeSx formation. Phosphate release from vivianite was very efficient because sulfide reacts directly (1:1) with Fe(II) to form FeSx, without Fe(III) reduction. At the same time vivianite-Fe(II) is as efficient as Fe(III) in binding phosphate. From digested sewage sludge, sulfide dissolved maximally 30% of all phosphate, from the sludge with the highest iron content which was not as high as suggested in earlier studies. Sludge dewaterability (capillary suction test, 0.13 ± 0.015 g2(s2m4)−1) dropped significantly after sulfide addition (0.06 ± 0.004 g2(s2m4)−1). Insignificant net phosphate release (1.5%) was observed from sewage sludge ash. Overall, sulfide can be a useful tool to release and recover phosphate bound to iron from sewage sludge. Drawbacks -deterioration of the dewaterability and a net pho, BT/Environmental Biotechnology, RST/Technici Pool
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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25. Magnetic separation and characterization of vivianite from digested sewage sludge
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Prot, T.J.F. (author), Nguyen, V. H. (author), Wilfert, P.K. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), de Ridder, D.J. (author), Korving, L. (author), Rem, P.C. (author), Bouderbala, A. (author), Witkamp, G.J. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Prot, T.J.F. (author), Nguyen, V. H. (author), Wilfert, P.K. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), de Ridder, D.J. (author), Korving, L. (author), Rem, P.C. (author), Bouderbala, A. (author), Witkamp, G.J. (author), and van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)
- Abstract
To prevent eutrophication of surface water, phosphate needs to be removed from sewage. Iron (Fe) dosing is commonly used to achieve this goal either as the main strategy or in support of biological removal. Vivianite (Fe(II) 3 (PO 4 ) 2 * 8H 2 O) plays a crucial role in capturing the phosphate, and if enough iron is present in the sludge after anaerobic digestion, 70–90% of total phosphorus (P) can be bound in vivianite. Based on its paramagnetism and inspired by technologies used in the mining industry, a magnetic separation procedure has been developed. Two digested sludges from sewage treatment plants using Chemical Phosphorus Removal were processed with a lab-scale Jones magnetic separator with an emphasis on the characterization of the recovered vivianite and the P-rich caustic solution. The recovered fractions were analyzed with various analytical techniques (e.g., ICP-OES, TG-DSC-MS, XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy). The magnetic separation showed a concentration factor for phosphorus and iron of 2–3. The separated fractions consist of 52–62% of vivianite, 20% of organic matter, less than 10% of quartz and a small quantity of siderite. More than 80% of the P in the recovered vivianite mixture can be released and thus recovered via an alkaline treatment while the resulting iron oxide has the potential to be reused. Moreover, the trace elements in the P-rich caustic solution meet the future legislation for recovered phosphorus salts and are comparable to the usual content in Phosphate rock. The efficiency of the magnetic separation and the advantages of its implementation in WWTP are also discussed in this paper., Accepted Author Manuscript, BT/Environmental Biotechnology, Instrumenten groep, RST/Technici Pool, Sanitary Engineering, Resources & Recycling
- Published
- 2019
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26. New training to meet the global phosphorus challenge
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Reitzel, K, Bennett, WW, Berger, N, Brownlie, WJ, Bruun, S, Christensen, ML, Cordell, D, Van Dijk, K, Egemose, S, Eigner, H, Glud, RN, Grönfors, O, Hermann, L, Houot, S, Hupfer, M, Jacobs, B, Korving, L, Kjærgaard, C, Liimatainen, H, Van Loosdrecht, MCM, Macintosh, KA, Magid, J, Maia, F, Martin-Ortega, J, McGrath, J, Meulepas, R, Murry, M, Neset, TS, Neumann, G, Nielsen, UG, Nielsen, PH, O'Flaherty, V, Qu, H, Santner, J, Seufert, V, Spears, B, Stringer, LC, Stutter, M, Verburg, PH, Wilfert, P, Williams, PN, Metson, GS, Reitzel, K, Bennett, WW, Berger, N, Brownlie, WJ, Bruun, S, Christensen, ML, Cordell, D, Van Dijk, K, Egemose, S, Eigner, H, Glud, RN, Grönfors, O, Hermann, L, Houot, S, Hupfer, M, Jacobs, B, Korving, L, Kjærgaard, C, Liimatainen, H, Van Loosdrecht, MCM, Macintosh, KA, Magid, J, Maia, F, Martin-Ortega, J, McGrath, J, Meulepas, R, Murry, M, Neset, TS, Neumann, G, Nielsen, UG, Nielsen, PH, O'Flaherty, V, Qu, H, Santner, J, Seufert, V, Spears, B, Stringer, LC, Stutter, M, Verburg, PH, Wilfert, P, Williams, PN, and Metson, GS
- Published
- 2019
27. Phosphorus Recovery – A Voyage From Sewage Sludge To Johannes Vermeer
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Wilfert, P., primary, Korving, L., additional, and Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., additional
- Published
- 2018
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28. invloed van dosering van kationen en beluchting op slibontwatering
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Berkhof, D., Korving, L., Berkhof, D., and Korving, L.
- Abstract
Dit onderzoek ging over de invloed van toegevoegde kationen en beluchting op de ontwaterbaarheid van uitgegist zuiveringsslib. Labtesten werden gecombineerd met praktijktesten op de rwzi’s Nieuwgraaf, Beverwijk en Amsterdam West. Effecten bleken te verschillen van locatie tot locatie. Op rwzi Nieuwgraaf kan de toevoeging van ijzerzouten naar verwachting leiden tot een besparing van ca € 200.000,- per jaar. Op rwzi Amsterdam West bleek dat extra beluchting van slib voor verhoging van de struvietproductie, de positieve effecten van magnesium op de ontwaterbaarheid kan beperken. Op de locatie Beverwijk bleek er een optimum te zitten in de PE-dosering. Voorbij dit optimum leidt dosering van kationen juist tot hogere slibverwerkingskosten. Daarom is het belangrijk om op elke locatie verkennende lab- en praktijktests te doen om in te schatten wat het te verwachten effect is en welke dosering nodig is om een bepaald effect te bereiken. Locaties met een hoog PE verbruik komen als eerste in aanmerking voor verkennend onderzoek.
- Published
- 2017
29. Gasification of Sewage Sludge in Supercritical Water, Experimental Results from the Gasification of Dutch Sewage Sludge
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Boukis, N., Korving, L., Hauer, E., Herbig, S., and Sauer, J.
- Subjects
Biomass - Abstract
The process of the biomass gasification in supercritical water has been studied with several different wet biomasses. Sewage sludge was not studied intensively until now, despite the fact that sewage sludge is one of the most abounded waste biomass streams worldwide. This is mainly due to the fact that sewage sludge contains a high amount of inorganic components and there is danger of clogging the reaction system of a continuous flow high pressure high temperature apparatus during reaction. A new developed reaction system in a lab-scale plant enables the effective separation of solids and inorganic components previous to high temperature reaction zone. Main focus of the optimization is the quality of the residual water and the effective separation of the inorganic components of the biomass during the process. Separation of solids enables the recovery of phosphorous, an important topic., Proceedings of the 23rd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 1-4 June 2015, Vienna, Austria, pp. 83-87
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Vivianite as an important iron phosphate precipitate in sewage treatment plants
- Author
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Wilfert, P.K. (author), Mandalidis, A. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), Korving, L. (author), Temmink, H. (author), Witkamp, G.J. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Wilfert, P.K. (author), Mandalidis, A. (author), Dugulan, A.I. (author), Goubitz, K. (author), Korving, L. (author), Temmink, H. (author), Witkamp, G.J. (author), and van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)
- Abstract
Iron is an important element for modern sewage treatment, inter alia to remove phosphorus from sewage. However, phosphorus recovery from iron phosphorus containing sewage sludge, without incineration, is not yet economical. We believe, increasing the knowledge about iron-phosphorus speciation in sewage sludge can help to identify new routes for phosphorus recovery. Surplus and digested sludge of two sewage treatment plants was investigated. The plants relied either solely on iron based phosphorus removal or on biological phosphorus removal supported by iron dosing. Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that vivianite and pyrite were the dominating iron compounds in the surplus and anaerobically digested sludge solids in both plants. Mössbauer spectroscopy and XRD suggested that vivianite bound phosphorus made up between 10 and 30% (in the plant relying mainly on biological removal) and between 40 and 50% of total phosphorus (in the plant that relies on iron based phosphorus removal). Furthermore, Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that none of the samples contained a significant amount of Fe(III), even though aerated treatment stages existed and although besides Fe(II) also Fe(III) was dosed. We hypothesize that chemical/microbial Fe(III) reduction in the treatment lines is relatively quick and triggers vivianite formation. Once formed, vivianite may endure oxygenated treatment zones due to slow oxidation kinetics and due to oxygen diffusion limitations into sludge flocs. These results indicate that vivianite is the major iron phosphorus compound in sewage treatment plants with moderate iron dosing. We hypothesize that vivianite is dominating in most plants where iron is dosed for phosphorus removal which could offer new routes for phosphorus recovery., Accepted Author Manuscript, BT/Environmental Biotechnology, RST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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31. Water
- Author
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Buisman, C.J.N. and korving, L.
- Subjects
WIMEK ,Environmental Technology ,Milieutechnologie - Published
- 2014
32. Verwerking van mest en zuiveringsslib: kansen voor synergie
- Author
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korving, L., Verdoes, N., and de Wilt, J.
- Subjects
mestverwerking ,LR - Environment ,LR - Milieu ,biobased economy ,cooperation ,water treatment ,pyrolysis ,waterzuivering ,sludges ,manure treatment ,nitrogen ,innovations ,pyrolyse ,recovery ,terugwinning ,stikstof ,samenwerking ,phosphorus ,slib ,innovaties ,fosfor - Abstract
Bij de verwerking van menselijke en dierlijke mest kunnen meer nutriënten en energie worden teruggewonnen. Waterzuiveraars en mestverwerkers kunnen elkaar versterken door samen in onderzoek en praktijk te werken aan nieuwe verwerkingsmethoden.
- Published
- 2013
33. Williams’ Notie van Flow binnen Hedendaags RTL 4
- Author
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Korving, L., van Es, K.F. (Thesis Advisor), Korving, L., and van Es, K.F. (Thesis Advisor)
- Abstract
Om flow binnen hedendaagse primetime RTL 4 programmering aan te tonen is er een analyse uitgevoerd aan de hand van Raymond Williams’ analysemethode uit 1974. Ondanks technologische en culturele ontwikkelingen sinds de introductie van het concept flow door Williams is er nog steeds een planned flow binnen de RTL 4 primetime broadcasting te herkennen. Deze wordt bewerkstelligt door middel van verschillende strategieën en methodes die ook inspelen op deze verschillende ontwikkelingen.
- Published
- 2013
34. Polymeerverbruik slibontwatering fors toegenomen
- Author
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Korving, L., Nieuwlands, J., Uijterlinde, C.A., Korving, L., Nieuwlands, J., and Uijterlinde, C.A.
- Abstract
Water zuiverten is kostbaar. In 2009 bedroegen alleen al de operationele kosten voor het ontwateren van zuiveringsslib 43 miljoen euro, waarvan 40 procent werd besteed aan chemicaliën (polymeren), die de ontwatering verbeteren. STOWA onderzocht de trends in de ontwatering van het zuiveringsslib. Het polymeerverbruik blijkt fors toe te nemen, terwijl het ontwateringsresultaat gelijk blijft. Hoe kan dat?
- Published
- 2013
35. Forse toename polymeerverbruik slibontwatering
- Author
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Korving, L., Nieuwlands, J., Uijterlinde, C.A., Korving, L., Nieuwlands, J., and Uijterlinde, C.A.
- Abstract
Het ontwateren van zuiveringslib van rioolwaterzuiveringen is een belangrijke kostenpost. De operationele kosten voor het ontwateren van slib bedroegen 43 miljoen euro in 2009. Hiervan werd 18 miljoen euro uitgegeven aan de inkoop van chemicaliën voor de verbetering van de ontwatering. In opdracht van de STOWA is een onderzoek uitgevoerd naar trends in de ontwatering van het slib. Het onderzoek laat zien dat er vanaf 2008 sprake is van een forse toename van het polymeerverbruik terwijl het ontwateringsresultaat gelijk blijft.
- Published
- 2013
36. Zwavel in de rioolwaterzuivering
- Author
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Dekker, A., Oosterhuis, M., Korving, L., Rekswinkel, E., Dekker, A., Oosterhuis, M., Korving, L., and Rekswinkel, E.
- Abstract
STOWA heeft samen met Waterschap Regge en Dinkel, Hoogheemraadschap de Stichtse Rijnlanden en Slibverwerking Noord-Brabant (SNB) een onderzoek laten uitvoeren om inzicht te krijgen in de rol van zwavel in een rioolwaterzuivering. Deze studie had twee specifieke doelen. Ten eerste het verkennen van mogelijkheden voor het toepassen van denitrificatie op basis van zwavel en ten tweede vaststellen of het mogelijk is de aan zwavel gerelateerde kosten in de slibverwerkingsketen te verlagen. Uit metingen op rwzi Hengelo bleek dat zwavel hoofdzakelijk aanwezig is als sulfaat in het afvalwater en dat het grotendeels onveranderd door de zuivering gaat. Gereduceerd zwavel voor denitrificatie (sulfide of elementair zwavel) moet dus, in geconcentreerde vorm, van buiten de rwzi worden gehaald. Van de doorgerekende scenario’s blijkt het doseren van een sulfiderijke afvalstroom het meest kansrijk. Opvallend is dat uit de kostenanalyse van zwavelbehandeling in de slibverwerkingsketen blijkt dat ijzerdosering aan de slibgisting voor de verlaging van het sulfidegehalte van het biogas maar in een beperkt aantal gevallen de voordeligste keus is. Biogasbehandeling is in veel gevallen kosteneffectiever.
- Published
- 2011
37. Hergebruik fosfaat uit ijzerarm slib van rwzi's is kansrijk
- Author
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Reitsma, B., Geraats, B., Korving, L., Man, A. de, Reitsma, B., Geraats, B., Korving, L., and Man, A. de
- Abstract
In Nederland wordt circa de helft van het communale zuiveringsslib verbrand in speciale verbrandingsinstallatie's in Moerdijk (Slibverwerking Noord-Brabant) en Dordrecht (DRSH). Het overige slib wordt na droging of compostering meeverbrand in kolencentrales of cementovens. Fosfaat komt in de as terecht en wordt daarmee aan de natuurlijke kringloop onttrokken. Zowel in Nederland als in de rest van Europa wordt onderzoek verricht om het waardevolle fosfaat uit stedelijk afvalwater en/of zuiveringsslib terug te winnen. Slibverbrandingsas kan dienen als een vervanger van de normale fosfaatdelfstof als het ijzergehalte voldoende laag is. Slibverwerking Noord-Brabant (SNB) heeft in twee grootschalige proeven met beperkte investeringen as met een lager ijzergehalte geproduceerd die vervolgens door het internationale bedrijf Thermphos als grondstof voor de fosforproductie gebruikt wordt. SNB en STOWA hebben gezamenlijk de haalbaarheid van deze fosfaatroute in een bureaustudie in kaart gebracht
- Published
- 2008
38. Grootschalige recycling van fosfaat uit afvalwaterzuivering
- Author
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Korving, L., Schipper, W., Korving, L., and Schipper, W.
- Abstract
Slibverwerking Noord-Brabant (SNB) en Thermphos International BV voeren deze winter een grootschalige proef uit om na te gaan of rioolslibas een grondstof is voor de productie van fosfor. Voor deze proef zal SNB in een periode van vijf maanden 2000 ton speciale, ijzerarme as produceren die vervolgens ingezet wordt bij Thermphos als grondstof. Naar verwachting kan hiermee ca. 200 ton fosfor worden hergebruikt. De proef volgt op een eerdere, kleinere proef begin 2006 waarbij 350 ton speciale as werd geproduceerd. Tegelijk met deze proef onderzoeken SNB en de STOWA of het mogelijk is om het potentieel voor deze techniek nog te vergroten
- Published
- 2007
39. Reduction of nitrous oxide emission by a smaller air to fuel ratio in a large-scale sewage sludge fluidized bed combustor
- Author
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Korving, L. D., primary, Schilt, C., additional, and De Jong, W., additional
- Published
- 2010
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40. Acid leaching of vivianite separated from sewage sludge for recovering phosphorus and iron.
- Author
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Zhao Y, Korving L, Grönfors O, Prot T, Suopajärvi T, Luukkonen T, and Liimatainen H
- Subjects
- Oxalic Acid chemistry, Ferric Compounds chemistry, Sulfuric Acids chemistry, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Sewage chemistry, Phosphorus chemistry, Iron chemistry
- Abstract
This paper examines the acid leaching efficiencies of Fe and P from vivianite slurry (VS, Fe
3 (PO4 )2 ·8H2 O), which is magnetically separated from anaerobic digested sludge, and elaborates on Fe and P reuse routes. The characteristics and dissolution behavior of raw VS in hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, oxalic, and citric acids are investigated. Results reveal that the primary impurities in VS are organic matter, other phosphate compounds, and Mg present in the vivianite crystal structure. Hydrochloric and sulfuric acids could effectively extract P (90%) from VS at an optimal hydrogen-to-phosphorus (H⁺/P) ratio of 2.5, compared with sewage sludge ash (SSA) that normally needs an H⁺/P ratio greater than 3. Hence, VS can be employed as an alternative P resource following a similar recovery route used with SSA. However, in comparison to SSA, VS use can decrease acid consumption in P extraction and the requirement for the extensive purification of cationic impurities. Furthermore, oxalic acid effectively facilitates the separation of P and Fe in VS by precipitating Fe as insoluble ferrous oxalate in acidic conditions, leading to a high Fe recovery rate of 95%. The recovery and reuse of Fe through the oxalic acid route further improves the feasibility of VS as an alternate resource., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yudong Zhao, Outi Grönfors, Terhi Suopajärvi, Tero Luukkonen, Henrikki Liimatainen have patent METHOD FOR SEPARATING IRON AND PHOSPHORUS FROM AN IRON PHOSPHATE-BASED MATERIAL OBTAINABLE FROM A WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS pending to Kemira Oyj. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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41. Selection for amoxicillin-, doxycycline-, and enrofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli at concentrations lower than the ECOFF in broiler-derived cecal fermentations.
- Author
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Swinkels AF, Fischer EAJ, Korving L, Kusters NE, Wagenaar JA, and Zomer AL
- Subjects
- Animals, Fermentation, Enrofloxacin pharmacology, Escherichia coli drug effects, Escherichia coli genetics, Chickens microbiology, Amoxicillin pharmacology, Doxycycline pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Cecum microbiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
- Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging worldwide problem and a health threat for humans and animals. Antimicrobial usage in human and animal medicine or in agriculture results in selection for AMR. The selective concentration of antimicrobial compounds can be lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration and differs between environments, which can be a reason for bacterial resistance. Therefore, knowledge of the minimal selective concentration (MSC), under natural conditions, is essential to understand the selective window of bacteria when exposed to residual antimicrobials. In this study, we estimated the MSCs of three antimicrobials, amoxicillin, doxycycline, and enrofloxacin in a complex microbial community by conducting fermentation assays with cecal material derived from broilers. We examined the phenotypic resistance of Escherichia coli , resistome, and microbiome after 6 and 30 hours of fermenting in the presence of the antimicrobials of interest. The concentrations were estimated to be 10-100 times lower than the epidemiological cut-off values in E. coli for the respective antimicrobials as determined by EUCAST, resulting in an MSC between 0.08 and 0.8 mg/L for amoxicillin, 0.4 and 4 mg/L for doxycycline, and 0.0125 and 0.125 mg/L for enrofloxacin. Additionally, resistome analysis provided an MSC for doxycycline between 0.4 and 4 mg/L, but amoxicillin and enrofloxacin exposure did not induce a significant difference. Our findings indicate at which concentrations there is still selection for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This knowledge can be used to manage the risk of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance possibly affects human and animal health, as well as economic prosperity in the future. The rise of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a consequence of using antimicrobial compounds in humans and animals selecting for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Concentrations reached during treatment are known to be selective for resistant bacteria. However, at which concentrations residues are still selective is important, especially for antimicrobial compounds that remain in the environment at low concentrations. The data in this paper might inform decisions regarding guidelines and regulations for the use of specific antimicrobials. In this study, we are providing these minimal selective concentrations for amoxicillin, doxycycline, and enrofloxacin in complex environments., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
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42. Phosphorous speciation in EPS extracted from Aerobic Granular Sludge.
- Author
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Bahgat NT, Wilfert P, Eustace SJ, Korving L, and van Loosdrecht MCM
- Subjects
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Aerobiosis, Phosphorus, Sewage chemistry, Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix chemistry
- Abstract
Wastewater treatment technologies opened the door for recovery of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), presenting novel opportunities for use across diverse industrial sectors. Earlier studies showed that a significant amount of phosphorus (P) is recovered within extracted EPS. P recovered within the extracted EPS is an intrinsic part of the recovered material that potentially influences its properties. Understanding the P speciation in extracted EPS lays the foundation for leveraging the incorporated P in EPS to manipulate its properties and industrial applications. This study evaluated P speciation in EPS extracted from aerobic granular sludge (AGS). A fractionation lab protocol was established to consistently distinguish P species in extracted EPS liquid phase and polymer chains.
31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used as a complementary technique to provide additional information on P speciation and track changes in P species during the EPS extraction process. Findings showed the dominance of organic phosphorus and orthophosphates within EPS, besides other minor fractions. On average, 25% orthophosphates in the polymer liquid phase, 52% organic phosphorus (equal ratio of mono and diesters) covalently bound to the polymer chains, 16% non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) precipitates mainly FeP and AlP, and 7% pyrophosphates (6% in the liquid phase and 1% attached to the polymer chains) were identified. Polyphosphates were detected in initial AGS but hydrolyzed to orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, and possibly organic P (forming new esters) during the EPS extraction process. The knowledge created in this study is a step towards the goal of EPS engineering, manipulating P chemistry along the extraction process and enriching certain P species in EPS based on target properties and industrial applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
43. FePO 4 .2H 2 O recovery from acidic phosphate-rich waste streams.
- Author
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Bahgat NT, Siddiqui A, Wilfert P, Korving L, and van Loosdrecht MCM
- Subjects
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Wastewater chemistry, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Hydrogen Peroxide chemistry, Ferric Compounds chemistry, Chemical Precipitation, Phosphates chemistry, Phosphorus chemistry
- Abstract
Phosphorous not only needs to be removed to prevent eutrophication of wastewater effluent receiving surface water bodies, but it also has to be recovered as a scarce finite reserve. Phosphorus chemical precipitation as NH
4 MgPO4 ·6H2 O, Ca3 (PO4 )2 , or Fe3 (PO4 )2 ·8H2 O is the most common method of phosphorus recovery from phosphorus-rich streams. These minerals ideally form under neutral to alkaline pH conditions, making acidic streams problematic for their formation due to the need for pH adjustments. This study proposes FePO4 .2H2 O (strengite-like compounds) recovery from acidic streams due to its simplicity and high efficiency, while also avoiding the need for pH-adjusting chemicals. The effect of initial pH, temperature, Fe (III) dosing rates, and Fe (II) dosage under different oxidation conditions (pO2 = 0.2, 1, 1.5 bar, different H2 O2 dosing rates) on phosphorus recovery percentage and product settleability were evaluated in this study. The precipitates formed were analyzed using optical microscopy, SEM, XRD, SQUID, Raman, and ICP. Experiments showed that Fe (III) dosing achieved phosphorus recovery of over 95 % at an initial pH of 3 or higher, and the product exhibited poor settleability in all initial pH (1.5-5), and temperature (20-80 °C) tests. On the other hand, Fe (II) dosage instead of Fe (III) resulted in good product settleability but varying phosphorus recovery percentages depending on the oxidation conditions. The novelty of the study lies in revealing that the Fe (II) oxidation rate serves as a crucial process-design parameter, significantly enhancing product settleability without the requirement of carrier materials or crystallizers. The study proposes a novel strategy with controlled Fe2+ -H2 O2 dosing, identifying an Fe (II) oxidation rate of 4.7 × 10-4 mol/l/min as the optimal rate for achieving over 95 % total phosphorus recovery, along with excellent settleability with a volumetric index equal to only 8 ml/gP., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Comparison of dredging, lanthanum-modified bentonite, aluminium-modified zeolite, and FeCl 2 in controlling internal nutrient loading.
- Author
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Kang L, Haasler S, Mucci M, Korving L, Dugulan AI, Prot T, Waajen G, and Lürling M
- Subjects
- Bentonite, Aluminum, Lanthanum, Phosphorus, Lakes, Nutrients, Geologic Sediments, Eutrophication, Zeolites, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
The eutrophic Bouvigne pond (Breda, The Netherlands) regularly suffers from cyanobacterial blooms. To improve the water quality, the external nutrient loading and the nutrient release from the pond sediment have to be reduced. An enclosure experiment was performed in the pond between March 9 and July 29, 2020 to compare the efficiency of dredging, addition of the lanthanum-modified bentonite clay Phoslock® (LMB), the aluminum-modified zeolite Aqual-P™ (AMZ) and FeCl
2 to mitigate nutrient release from the sediment. The treatments improved water quality. Mean total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in water were 0.091, 0.058, 0.032, 0.031, and 0.030 mg P L-1 in controls, dredged, FeCl2 , LMB and AMZ treated enclosures, respectively. Mean filterable P (FP) concentrations were 0.056, 0.010, 0.009, 0.005, and 0.005 mg P L-1 in controls, dredged, FeCl2 , LMB and AMZ treatments, respectively. Total nitrogen (TN) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) were similar among treatments; lanthanum was elevated in LMB treatments, Fe and Cl in FeCl2 treatments, and Al and Cl in AMZ treatments. After 112 days, sediment was collected from each enclosure, and subsequent sequential P extraction revealed that the mobile P pool in the sediments had reduced by 71.4%, 60.2%, 38%, and 5.2% in dredged, AMZ, LMB, and FeCl2 treatments compared to the controls. A sediment core incubation laboratory experiment done simultaneously with the enclosure experiment revealed that FP fluxes were positive in controls and cores from the dredged area, while negative in LMB, AMZ and FeCl2 treated cores. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) release rate in LMB treated cores was 3.6 times higher than in controls. Overall, the applied in-lake treatments improved water quality in the enclosures. Based on this study, from effectiveness, application, stakeholders engagement, costs and environmental safety, LMB treatment would be the preferred option to reduce the internal nutrient loading of the Bouvigne pond, but additional arguments also have to be considered when preparing a restoration., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Integrated resource recovery from aerobic granular sludge plants.
- Author
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Bahgat NT, Wilfert P, Korving L, and van Loosdrecht M
- Subjects
- Bioreactors, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Methane, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Sewage chemistry, Wastewater
- Abstract
The study evaluated the combined phosphorus, nitrogen, methane, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) recovery from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment plants. About 30% of sludge organics are recovered as EPS and 25-30% as methane (≈260 ml methane/g VS) by integrating alkaline anaerobic digestion (AD). It was shown that 20% of excess sludge total phosphorus (TP) ends in the EPS. Further, 20-30% ends in an acidic liquid waste stream (≈600 mg PO
4 -P/L), and 15% in the AD centrate (≈800 mg PO4 -P/L) as ortho-phosphates in both streams and is recoverable via chemical precipitation. 30% of sludge total nitrogen (TN) is recovered as organic nitrogen in the EPS. Ammonium recovery from the alkaline high-temperature liquid stream is attractive, but it is not feasible for existing large-scale technologies because of low ammonium concentration. However, ammonium concentration in the AD centrate was calculated to be 2600 mg NH4 -N/L and ≈20% of TN, making it feasible for recovery. The methodology used in this study consisted of three main steps. The first step was to develop a laboratory protocol mimicking demonstration-scale EPS extraction conditions. The second step was to establish mass balances over the EPS extraction process on laboratory and demonstration scales within a full-scale AGS WWTP. Finally, the feasibility of resource recovery was evaluated based on concentrations, loads, and integration of existing technologies for resource recovery., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:, (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Biogenic iron oxides for phosphate removal.
- Author
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Buliauskaitė R, Wilfert P, Suresh Kumar P, de Vet WWJM, Witkamp GJ, Korving L, and van Loosdrecht MCM
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Ferric Compounds, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Iron, Oxides, Leptothrix, Phosphates
- Abstract
Biogenic iron oxides (BioFeO) formed by Leptothrix sp. and Gallionella sp. were compared with chemically formed iron oxides (ChFeO) for their suitability to remove and recover phosphate from solutions. The ChFeO used for comparison included a commercial iron-based adsorbent (GEH) and chemically oxidized iron precipitates from groundwater. Despite contrary observations in earlier studies, the batch experiments showed that BioFeO do not have superior phosphate adsorption capacities compared to ChFeO. However, it seems multiple mechanisms are involved in phosphate removal by BioFeO which make their overall phosphate removal capacity higher than that of ChFeO. The overall phosphate removal capacity of Leptothrix sp. deposits was 26.3 mg P/g d.s., which could be attributed to multiple mechanisms. This included adsorption on the solid phase (6.4 mg P/g d.s.) as well as removal via precipitation and/or adsorption onto suspended complexes released from the BioFeO of Leptothrix sp. (19.6 mg P/g d.s.). Only a very small part of phosphorus (0.3 mg P/g d.s.) was retained in the Leptothrix sp. sheats during bacterial growth. Deposits of Gallionella sp. had an overall phosphate removal capacity of 39.6 mg P/g d.s. Significant amounts of phosphate were apparently incorporated into the Gallionella sp. stalks during their growth (31.0 mg P/g d.s.) and only one-fifth of the total phosphate removal can be related to adsorption (8.6 mg P/g d.s.). Their overall ability to immobilize large quantities of phosphate from solutions indicates that BioFeO could play an important role in environmental and engineered systems for removal of contaminants.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. New Training to Meet the Global Phosphorus Challenge.
- Author
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Reitzel K, Bennett WW, Berger N, Brownlie WJ, Bruun S, Christensen ML, Cordell D, van Dijk K, Egemose S, Eigner H, Glud RN, Grönfors O, Hermann L, Houot S, Hupfer M, Jacobs B, Korving L, Kjærgaard C, Liimatainen H, Van Loosdrecht MCM, Macintosh KA, Magid J, Maia F, Martin-Ortega J, McGrath J, Meulepas R, Murry M, Neset TS, Neumann G, Nielsen UG, Nielsen PH, O'Flaherty V, Qu H, Santner J, Seufert V, Spears B, Stringer LC, Stutter M, Verburg PH, Wilfert P, Williams PN, and Metson GS
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources, Fertilizers, Phosphorus
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Adsorption as a technology to achieve ultra-low concentrations of phosphate: Research gaps and economic analysis.
- Author
-
Kumar PS, Korving L, van Loosdrecht MCM, and Witkamp GJ
- Abstract
Eutrophication and the resulting formation of harmful algal blooms (HAB) causes huge economic and environmental damages. Phosphorus (P) from sewage effluent and agricultural run-off has been identified as a major cause for eutrophication. Phosphorous concentrations greater than 100 μg P/L are usually considered high enough to cause eutrophication. The strictest regulations however aim to restrict the concentration below 10 μg P/L. Orthophosphate (or phosphate) is the bioavailable form of phosphorus. Adsorption is often suggested as technology to reduce phosphate to concentrations less than 100 and even 10 μg P/L with the advantages of a low-footprint, minimal waste generation and the option to recover the phosphate. Although many studies report on phosphate adsorption, there is insufficient information regarding parameters that are necessary to evaluate its application on a large scale. This review discusses the main parameters that affect the economics of phosphate adsorption and highlights the research gaps. A scenario and sensitivity analysis shows the importance of adsorbent regeneration and reuse. The cost of phosphate adsorption using reusable porous metal oxide is in the range of $ 100 to 200/Kg P for reducing the phosphate to ultra-low concentrations. Future research needs to focus on adsorption capacity at low phosphate concentrations, regeneration and reuse of both the adsorbent and the regeneration liquid.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Consistent production of high quality PHA using activated sludge harvested from full scale municipal wastewater treatment - PHARIO.
- Author
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Werker A, Bengtsson S, Korving L, Hjort M, Anterrieu S, Alexandersson T, Johansson P, Karlsson A, Karabegovic L, Magnusson P, Morgan-Sagastume F, Sijstermans L, Tietema M, Visser C, Wypkema E, van der Kooij Y, Deeke A, and Uijterlinde C
- Subjects
- Biomass, Bioreactors, Netherlands, Sewage, Wastewater, Polyhydroxyalkanoates chemistry, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods
- Abstract
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymers by mixed microbial cultures concurrent to wastewater treatment is a valorization route for residual organic material. This development has been at pilot scale since 2011 using industrial and municipal organic residuals. Previous experience was the basis for a PHA production demonstration project: PHARIO. PHARIO was centred on processing surplus activated sludge biomass from the Bath full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant in the Netherlands to produce PHA. Full-scale surplus activated sludge was fed to a pilot facility to produce PHA rich biomass using fermented volatile fatty acid (VFA) rich liquors from industry or primary sludge sources. A PHA rich biomass with on average 0.41 gPHA/gVSS was obtained with reproducible thermal properties and high thermal stability. A routine kilogram scale production was established over 10 months and the polymer material properties and market potential were evaluated. Surplus full-scale activated sludge, over four seasons of operations, was a reliable raw material to consistently and predictably produce commercial quality grades of PHA. Polymer type and properties were systematic functions of the mean co-polymer content. The mean co-polymer content was predictably determined by the fermented feedstock composition. PHARIO polymers were estimated to have a significantly lower environmental impact compared to currently available (bio)plastics.
- Published
- 2018
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50. Understanding and improving the reusability of phosphate adsorbents for wastewater effluent polishing.
- Author
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Suresh Kumar P, Ejerssa WW, Wegener CC, Korving L, Dugulan AI, Temmink H, van Loosdrecht MCM, and Witkamp GJ
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Calcium Carbonate, Eutrophication, Phosphates, Wastewater
- Abstract
Phosphate is a vital nutrient for life but its discharge from wastewater effluents can lead to eutrophication. Adsorption can be used as effluent polishing step to reduce phosphate to very low concentrations. Adsorbent reusability is an important parameter to make the adsorption process economically feasible. This implies that the adsorbent can be regenerated and used over several cycles without appreciable performance decline. In the current study, we have studied the phosphate adsorption and reusability of commercial iron oxide based adsorbents for wastewater effluent. Effects of adsorbent properties like particle size, surface area, type of iron oxide, and effects of some competing ions were determined. Moreover the effects of regeneration methods, which include an alkaline desorption step and an acid wash step, were studied. It was found that reducing the adsorbent particle size increased the phosphate adsorption of porous adsorbents significantly. Amongst all the other parameters, calcium had the greatest influence on phosphate adsorption and adsorbent reusability. Phosphate adsorption was enhanced by co-adsorption of calcium, but calcium formed surface precipitates such as calcium carbonate. These surface precipitates affected the adsorbent reusability and needed to be removed by implementing an acid wash step. The insights from this study are useful in designing optimal regeneration procedures and improving the lifetime of phosphate adsorbents used for wastewater effluent polishing., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
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