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Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the major cause of hearing impairment in children. miR-210 plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases, however, its role in OME is unknown. In this study, the miR-210 level in serum and middle ear effusion of is significantly down-regulated in serum, middle ear effusion from OME patients (100 cases) compared with healthy volunteers (50 cases). The expression of miR-210 is closely related to inflammatory factors and bone conduction disorder in patients with OME. In the in vitro study，the miR-210 level is significantly reduced in culture supernatant of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs). miR-210 overexpression inhibited the LPS-induced in inflammatory cytokines production, cell viability reduction and cell apoptosis. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that HIF-1a was a target gene of miR-210. The biological effects of miR-210 on cell viability, cell apoptosis and inflammation cytokines in LPS-induced HMEECs were reversed by HIF-1a overexpression. Furthermore, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased by miR-210 mediated HIF-1a in LPS-induced HMEECs. This study suggested that miR-210 may play a role in OME. Further studies are warranted to assess miR-210 as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of OME.

Chinese kale is an original Chinese vegetable of the Cruciferae family. To select suitable parents for hybrid breeding, we thoroughly analyzed the genetic diversity of Chinese kale. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity across 21 Chinese kale accessions from AVRDC and Guangzhou in China. A total of 104 bands were detected by 11 RAPD primers, of which 66 (63.5%) were polymorphic, and 229 polymorphic bands (68.4%) were observed in 335 bands amplified by 17 SRAP primer combinations. The dendrogram showed the grouping of the 21 accessions into 4 main clusters based on RAPD data, and into 6 clusters based on SRAP and combined data (RAPD + SRAP). The clustering of accessions based on SRAP data was consistent with petal colors. The Mantel test indicated a poor fit for the RAPD and SRAP data (r = 0.16). These results have an important implication for Chinese kale germplasm characterization and improvement.

Fruit tree bagging technology is a fruit protection technology that can reduce the amount of pesticides and reduce pests and diseases. However, the current fruit tree bagging is generally done manually, with low production efficiency, high labor intensity, and long bagging cycle. In order to solve these problems, a new type of fruit tree bagging machine was designed to assist manual work and improve production efficiency. The design fully considers the growth characteristics of different fruits. The fruit bag commonly used in the market is used as a model, and the spatial layout of the bagging machine is adjusted according to the steps and actions of the artificial bagging and the design of each functional unit and size. In order to improve the production efficiency of fruit farmers and reduce labor intensity.

A practical and simple synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles was developed via an iodine-catalyzed tandem oxidative cyclization. A wide range of common commercial aromatic aldehydes can be used as reaction substrates, which displayed excellent functional group compatibility in this reaction.

Nano copper oxide has been found to be a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the C–O cross-coupling of phenols with aryl halides under ligand-free conditions. With DMSO as solvent, Cs2CO3 and KOH are suitable bases for the cross-coupling reactions with phenyl iodides and bromides, respectively. Diaryl ethers with different substituted groups can be synthesized in moderate-to-good yields. The catalyst can be recycled at least five times without obvious loss in catalytic activity.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)

The preparation of new sulfonamide ligands derived from L-tartaric acid and camphor sulfonyl chloride are described. The employment in the titanium tetraisopropoxide-promoted enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to ketones has been studied. The best enantiomeric excess is up to 99% with 7 mol% catalyst loading at room temperature.

A new chiral ligand derived from natural tartaric acid was synthesized and was applied to the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehyde and ketones. Moderate to good enantioselectivities were obtained in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to ketones with 10% mol catalyst loading at room temperature.

A variety of camphor sulfonamide ligands were synthesized and employed in the addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. The influences of substitution patterns, electronic property, reaction substrates, reaction solvents and temperature were studied. After optimization, the best reaction condition was determined and applied to this addition reaction, giving the corresponding products in high yields with up to 83% ee.

A new sulfonamide ligand based on l -tartaric acid was synthesized and was employed as a chiral ligand in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes, giving rise to the best enantiomeric excess up to 83% with 5 mol % of catalyst loading. Moreover, the addition of diethylzinc to ketones can also be achieved with good to excellent enantioselectivities by employing 7 mol % of the catalyst under mild conditions.

The resistance of wild Vitis germplasm, including Chinese and American wild Vitis and Vitis vinifera cultivars, to powdery mildew (Uncinula necator Burr.) was evaluated for two consecutive years under natural conditions. Most of the Chinese and North American species displayed a resistant phenotype, whereas all of the European species were highly susceptible. The Alachua and Conquistador accessions of Vitis rotundifolia species, which originated in North America, were immune to the disease, while Baihe-35-1, one of the accessions of Vitis pseudoreticulata, showed the strongest resistance among all Chinese accessions evaluated. Three rapid amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, OPW02-1756, OPO11-964, and OPY13-661, were obtained after screening 520 random primers among various germplasm, and these markers were found to be associated with powdery mildew resistance in Baihe-35-1 and in some Chinese species, but not in any European species. Analysis of F₁ and F₂ progenies of a cross between resistant Baihe-35-1 and susceptible Carignane (V. vinifera) revealed that the three RAPD markers were linked to the powdery resistant trait in Baihe-35-1 plants. Potential applications of the identified RAPD markers for gene mapping, marker-assisted selection, and breeding were investigated in 168 F₂ progenies of the same cross. Characterization of the resistant phenotype of the selected F₂ seedlings for breeding a new disease-resistant grape cultivar is in progress.

An efficient and simple protocol for the synthesis of o-hydroxyarylketones has been developed. The reaction proceeds smoothly with catalytic amounts of copper catalyst under air atmosphere without ligands. This study indicates that the o-hydroxy plays an important role in the oxidation of alcohol to the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

A facile and efficient synthesis of pyrroles from readily available amino acids is described. The key step in the method is an aza-Wacker oxidative cyclization catalyzed by palladium(II)/Cu(OTf)2. A series of pyrroles were obtained by this method under mild conditions.

With the rapid economic and social development of China, the attention to environment is higher and higher by common people. To analyses central government’s attention level, projects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in 1999 ~ 2011 were analyzed from project quantity distribution, fund distribution, subject distribution, units and departments distribution. All the data were collected by search function on ISIS. The results show that: the number of projects funded and funding improved steadily; in the subject, units and departments in terms of uneven distribution, showed strong dispersion; for a long period of time, the question will always be researching focus.

A metal-free decarboxylative cyclization from natural α-amino acids was developed and applied in the preparation of pyridine derivatives. By virtue of this method, a series of pyridines containing the moiety of natural α-amino acids can be synthesized efficiently from the corresponding natural α-amino acids.

Different kinds of metal-DNA nanohybrids are synthesized from cheap natural DNA on a large scale. These air-stable M-DNA nanohybrids maintain the advantages of both DNA and the metal nanoparticles, which exhibit reversible solubility and high catalytic activities. Moreover, the M-DNA nanohybrids could be easily reused for several cycles.

The reaction of aminobenzophenones (I) with benzylic amines (II) in the presence of a new heterogeneous catalyst based on CuO nanoparticles and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant leads to the desired quinazolines (III) (28 examples) in moderate to high yields.

A wide range of bis-, tri- and tetrasubstituted quinazolines is prepared in mostly good yields.

Different kinds of metal-DNA nanohybrids are synthesized from cheap natural DNA on a large scale. These air-stable M-DNA nanohybrids maintain the advantages of both DNA and the metal nanoparticles, which exhibit reversible solubility and high catalytic activities. Moreover, the M-DNA nanohybrids could be easily reused for several cycles.

A highly efficient synthesis of polysubstituted oxazoles was developed via a copper-catalyzed tandem oxidative cyclization. The desired products can be obtained from readily available starting materials under mild conditions. This is an attractive alternative method for the synthesis of oxazole derivatives.

A series of quinazolines were synthesized from 2-aminobenzophenones and benzylic amines in good to excellent yields by employing a new heterogeneous catalyst based on the copper oxide nanoparticles supported on kaolin.

A facile and novel approach to the synthesis of 2-phenylquinazolines was developed via a tandem reaction following sp(3) C-H functionalization. Twenty-five examples of 2-phenylquinazolines were obtained from easily available 2-aminobenzophenones and benzylic amines with good to excellent yields.

Iodine–pyridine–tert-butylhydroperoxide is developed as a green and efficient catalytic system for the oxidation of benzylic methylenes to ketones and primary amines to nitriles. The reaction conditions are quite mild and environmentally benign, no transition metals, organic solvents or hazard reagents being needed. The oxidation of benzylic methylenes gave the corresponding ketones in excellent yields with complete chemoselectivity, while the oxidation of primary amines was complete in several minutes, affording various nitriles in moderate to good yields.

A highly efficient synthesis of polysubstituted oxazoles was developed via a copper-catalyzed tandem oxidative cyclization. The desired products can be obtained from readily available starting materials under mild conditions. This is an attractive alternative method for the synthesis of oxazole derivatives.

The preparation of new sulfonamide ligands derived from L-tartaric acid and camphor sulfonyl chloride are described. The employment in the titanium tetraisopropoxide-promoted enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to ketones has been studied. The best enantiomeric excess is up to 99% with 7 mol% catalyst loading at room temperature.

A facile and efficient synthesis of pyrroles from readily available amino acids is described. The key step in the method is an aza-Wacker oxidative cyclization catalyzed by palladium(II)/Cu(OTf)2. A series of pyrroles were obtained by this method under mild conditions.

A metal-free decarboxylative cyclization from natural α-amino acids was developed and applied in the preparation of pyridine derivatives. By virtue of this method, a series of pyridines containing the moiety of natural α-amino acids can be synthesized efficiently from the corresponding natural α-amino acids.

Iodine–pyridine–tert-butylhydroperoxide is developed as a green and efficient catalytic system for the oxidation of benzylic methylenes to ketones and primary amines to nitriles. The reaction conditions are quite mild and environmentally benign, no transition metals, organic solvents or hazard reagents being needed. The oxidation of benzylic methylenes gave the corresponding ketones in excellent yields with complete chemoselectivity, while the oxidation of primary amines was complete in several minutes, affording various nitriles in moderate to good yields.

Based on hydrologic data and diversion structure arrangement of Gongguoqiao hydropower station during construction, the hydraulic model on diversion structures is built according to similarity principle. Then the hydraulic characteristic and its flow model were studied by hydraulic model test. Hydraulic characteristic and flow pattern for the diversion tunnel and dam gap combined discharge were studied subsequently in this paper. The study results show that half pressure flow state is formed in the diversion tunnel when quantity of flow is greater than 3500m3/s. That submerged flow is formed exactly in the inlet of diversion tunnel when quantity of flow is 5000m3/s. Three aeration segments are formed in the top of diversion tunnel when quantity of flow is greater than 6580m3/s. The study results also show non-interpenetrated turbulence is formed intermittently in the right bank of inlet for diversion tunnel when quantity of flow is greater than 7710m3/s, and the flow over the upstream cofferdam is near the submerged hydraulic jump.