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Background: The use of sports supplements (SS) to improve sports performance is widespread in all types of athletes, however, the specific characteristics of mountain races may require the use of certain SS. Despite being a sport where the consumption of SS seems widespread, few studies have been conducted in this regard. The objective of this study is to analyze the pattern of SS consumption of mountain runners in relation to the degree of scientific evidence, sex, and level of competition. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study on the consumption and habitual use of SS of 357 federated mountain runners in Spain. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire. Results: From the total sample, 93.84% of the athletes stated that they consumed SS, with no differences observed based on the competitive level or in terms of sex; however, there were significant differences according to the competitive level in terms of the number of SS consumed, with consumption being greater at a higher competitive level (p = 0.009). The most consumed SS were sports bars (66.1%), sports drinks (60.5%), sports gels (52.9%), and caffeine (46.2%). Conclusions: The consumption of SS in mountain races is high, and the number of SS consumed is higher as the competition level increases. The four SS most consumed by the participants in this study were all included in category A in the classification of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), this category is the one with the greatest scientific evidence

Background: In the last few years endurance sports have experienced a great increase in the number of competitions and participants. Dietary-nutritional planning is key for performing well during such competitions. To date, there is no questionnaire expressly developed to be able to analyze the consumption of liquids, foods, and supplements, as well as gastrointestinal problems in these events. This study describes the development of the Nutritional Intake Questionnaire for Endurance Competitions (NIQEC). Methods: The study was composed in the following phases: (1) Bibliographic search for the most important nutrients, (2) focus groups (17 dietitian-nutritionists and 15 experienced athletes) and generation of items, (3) Delphi surveys, and (4) cognitive interviews. Results: After an initial shaping of the questionnaire with the items that emerged in the focus groups, their relevance was evaluated by means of the Delphi survey, which showed more than 80% approval for most items. Finally, the cognitive interviews indicated that the questionnaire was simple and complete for its purpose. The final NIQEC (n = 50 items) was divided in 5 sections: Demographic data; sports data; consumption of liquids, food and supplements before, during, and after the competition; gastrointestinal complaints, and dietary-nutritional planning for the competition. Conclusions: The NICEQ is a useful tool that allows collecting information from participants on sociodemographic factors and gastrointestinal complaints, and estimating the intake of liquid, food, and supplements, for endurance competitions.

Introduction: Women’s futsal is a sport of intermittent exertion. Female athletes need to comply with nutritional recommendations in order to perform adequately. The aim of this study is to describe the dietary intake and body composition of an elite university indoor football team. Methodology: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out on 14 semi-professional players from the University of Alicante. Body composition was calculated using the 4-component model with the equations of the Spanish Society of Sports Medicine. The food consumption habits were assessed using the food consumption frequency questionnaire of the Department of Public Health of the Miguel Hernández University. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software. All dependent variables had non-normal distributions and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (Rho) was calculated, the significance level being 0.05 and 0.01.Results: The mean body composition results observed were: 61.69 kg (7.71) kg, height: 1.64 (0.06) m, fat mass percentage 12.00 (3.08) % and muscle mass weight 22.03 (3.82) kg. The somatotypic classification of the sample was endo-mesomorphic. Regarding dietary intake. Dietary intake was generally below the recommendations of the Guide to Healthy Eating for Primary Care and Citizen Groups of the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC). Correlations were found between the consumption of some foods with anthropometric values such as meat and dairy consumption with higher muscle mass weight (kg).Conclusions: The dietary intake of female players is below the recommendations in most of the food groups. It is necessary to transmit to sportswomen the importance of carrying out adequate nutritional planning specific to their needs in order to maintain acceptable levels of performance as well as an adequate body composition for their sporting level., Introducción: El fútbol sala femenino es un deporte de esfuerzo intermitente. Las deportistas necesitan cumplir con las recomendaciones nutricionales para obtener un rendimiento adecuado. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la ingesta dietética y la composición corporal de un equipo de élite universitario de fútbol sala. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal realizado en 14 jugadoras semi-profesionales de fútbol sala. Se calculó la composición corporal mediante el modelo de 4 com-ponentes con las ecuaciones de la Sociedad Española de Medicina del Deporte. Para evaluar los hábitos de consumo alimentario se empleó el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo alimentario del departamento de Salud Pública de la Universidad Miguel Hernández. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS. Todas las variables dependientes tenían distribuciones no normales y se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (Rho), siendo el nivel de significancia esta-blecido de 0,05 y 0,01.Resultados: Los valores medios composición corporal observados fueron: 61,69 (7,71) kg, talla: 1,64 (0,06) m, porcentaje de masa grasa 12,00 (3,08) % y peso masa muscular 22,03 (3,82) kg. La clasificación somatotípica de la muestra fue endo-mesomorfo. Respecto a la ingesta dietética. La ingesta dietética se encontraba generalmente por debajo de las recomendaciones de la Guía de la Alimentación Saludable Para Atención Primaria y Colectivos Ciudadanos de Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC). Se encontraron correlaciones entre el consumo de algunos ali-mentos con los valores antropométricos como el consumo de carne y lácteos con un mayor peso de masa muscular (kg).Conclusiones: El consumo alimentario de las jugadoras está por debajo de las recomendaciones en la mayoría de los grupos alimentarios. Es necesario transmitir a las deportistas la importancia de realizar una planificación nutricional adecuada y específica para sus necesidades para poder mante

A día de hoy, existe bibliografía científica actualizada sobre las recomendaciones dietético-nutricionales relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivos durante competiciones en aguas abiertas, pero diferentes investigaciones reflejan que no se cumplen estas recomendaciones a través de la ingesta de líquidos, alimentos y suplementos deportivos por parte de las nadadoras y nadadores de aguas abiertas. Además, es escasa la investigación e información sobre el consumo de suplementos deportivos en este tipo de deportistas, ni de la evidencia científica de los suplementos consumidos por los mismos. Por ello, este informe pretende ser una guía de consulta práctica para las nadadoras y nadadores de aguas abiertas españoles sobre uso y recomendaciones de suplementos deportivos.

A día de hoy, existe bibliografía científica actualizada sobre las recomendaciones dietético-nutricionales relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivos durante la realización de un triatlón, pero diferentes investigaciones reflejan que no se cumplen estas recomendaciones a través de la ingesta de líquidos, alimentos y suplementos deportivos por parte de las y los triatletas. Además, es escasa la investigación e información sobre el consumo de suplementos deportivos en este tipo de deportistas, ni de la evidencia científica de los suplementos consumidos por los mismos. Por ello, este informe pretende ser una guía de consulta práctica para las y los triatletas españoles sobre uso y recomendaciones de suplementos deportivos.

A día de hoy, existe bibliografía científica actualizada sobre las recomendaciones dietético-nutricionales relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivos durante la disputa de carreras por montaña, pero diferentes investigaciones reflejan que no se cumplen estas recomendaciones a través de la ingesta de líquidos, alimentos y suplementos deportivos por parte de las corredoras y corredores por montaña. Además, es escasa la investigación e información sobre el consumo de suplementos deportivos en este tipo de deportistas, ni de la evidencia científica de los suplementos consumidos por los mismos. Por ello, este informe pretende ser una guía de consulta práctica para las corredoras y corredores por montaña españoles sobre uso y recomendaciones de suplementos deportivos.

Background: The use of sports supplements (SS) to improve sports performance is very common in athletes. In the case of triathletes, the physiological characteristics of the sport may require the use of certain SS. Although the consumption of SS is widespread in this sport, very few studies have investigated it thus far. The aim is to analyze the pattern of SS consumption by triathletes according to sex and the competitive level. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on the consumption and habitual use of SS of 232 Spanish-federated triathletes. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire. Results: Overall, 92.2% of the athletes consumed SS, but no significant differences were found in terms of competition level or sex. Yet, significant differences were found regarding the level of competition for total SS (p = 0.021), the total number of Group A supplements from the AIS classification (p = 0.012), and for the ergogenic aids (p = 0.003). The most-consumed SS were bars, sports drinks, sports gels, and caffeine (83.6%, 74.1%, 61.2%, and 46.6%, respectively). Conclusions: The consumption of SS by triathletes is high, and the number of SS consumed rises from the regional to the national and international levels. The four SS most consumed were included in category A of the AIS (greatest scientific evidence).

Background: The use of sports supplements (SS) to improve sports performance is widespread in all types of athletes, however, the specific characteristics of mountain races may require the use of certain SS. Despite being a sport where the consumption of SS seems widespread, few studies have been conducted in this regard. The objective of this study is to analyze the pattern of SS consumption of mountain runners in relation to the degree of scientific evidence, sex, and level of competition. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study on the consumption and habitual use of SS of 357 federated mountain runners in Spain. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire. Results: From the total sample, 93.84% of the athletes stated that they consumed SS, with no differences observed based on the competitive level or in terms of sex; however, there were significant differences according to the competitive level in terms of the number of SS consumed, with consumption being greater at a higher competitive level (p = 0.009). The most consumed SS were sports bars (66.1%), sports drinks (60.5%), sports gels (52.9%), and caffeine (46.2%). Conclusions: The consumption of SS in mountain races is high, and the number of SS consumed is higher as the competition level increases. The four SS most consumed by the participants in this study were all included in category A in the classification of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), this category is the one with the greatest scientific evidence.

The study of body dimensions and proportions through anthropometry is important for the identification of young talents in swimming. Anthropometric studies of swimmers in the Spanish population are scarce. The main objective of this study is the description of anthropometric profile in young swimmers, differentiated by sex and styles. 34 swimmers (19 boys and 15 girls) of national competitive level, aged between 14-17 years were analyzed. Measurements were taken by two accredited anthropometrists following the Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) anthropometric protocol. Body composition was calculated using the 4-component model and the Heath-Carter somatotype. The sample was differentiated between swimming strokes to examine possible differences between groups. Significant differences (p <0.05) were observed by sex in basic measurements, folds, perimeters and diameters, but no significant differences were observed by styles. The somatotype of the sample was balanced mesomorphic, being ectomesomorphic in boys and mesoendomorphic in girls, with values similar to those observed in the bibliography. Anthropometric assessment should be considered to monitor the development and detection of possible sports talents in swimming., El estudio de las dimensiones y proporciones corporales mediante la antropometría es importante para la identificación de jóvenes talentos en natación. Los estudios antropométricos de nadadores en población española son escasos. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es describir el perfil antropométrico en jóvenes nadadores, diferenciado por sexos y estilos. Se analizaron 34 nadadores (19 chicos y 15 chicas) de nivel competitivo nacional, con edades comprendidas entre 14-17 años. Dos antropometristas acreditados tomaron las medidas siguiendo el protocolo antropométrico de la Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Se calculó la composición corporal mediante el modelo de 4 componentes y el somatotipo según Heath-Carter. Se diferenció la muestra entre estilos de natación para examinar posibles diferencias entre grupos. Se observaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) por sexo en medidas básicas, pliegues, perímetros y diámetros, pero no se observan diferencias significativas por estilos. El somatotipo de la muestra fue mesomórfico balanceado, siendo ectomesomórfico en chicos y mesoendomórfico en chicas, siendo valores similares a los observados en la bibliografía. La valoración antropométrica debe ser considerada para monitorizar el desarrollo y detección de posibles talentos deportivos en natación.

Background: In any sport, it is of the utmost importance to identify variables capable of positively influencing scores. Futsal is a sport of intermittent high-intensity intervals that requires the athletes’ physical, technical, and tactical skills. There are no specific recommendations on anthropometry–body composition for this sport. The aim of this study was to describe the somatotype and the anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and somatotype of a group of Spanish elite female futsal players of the first-division league. Methods: Eighty-eight players (24 ± 4.94 years) from 14 teams of the first women’s division of the Spanish Futsal League were evaluated. Measurements were taken according to the anthropometric protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Body composition (BC) and somatotype were calculated according to the 4-component model and Heath-Carter, respectively. Results: Pivot and goalkeeper positions were most different from the rest. Both were the heaviest positions and presented the largest mesomorphic data (4.13 ± 1.29 and 3.67 ± 0.95), kg of bone mass (10.60 ± 1.00 and 10.37 ± 1.08), and kg of lean mass (29.80 ± 1.25 and 29.12 ± 2.12), for the pivot and goalkeeper, respectively. Conclusion: The evaluation and evolution of the somatotype and BC is an assessment tool that could be a useful guide for technical and medical staff.

ntroduction: sports supplements (SS) are widely used by all types of athletes to improve their performance. These SS are classified according to the ABCD system of the Australian Institute of Sports (AIS) from higher to lower scientific evidence. In mountain runners, their use could be necessary due to the physiological demands required by this sport. However, the literature on the use of SS by mountain runners is scarce. Objective: to analyze the pattern of SS consumption in mountain runners by studying differences according to sex and competitive level (regional vs national). Methodology: this was a descriptive and cross-sectional study on the consumption and use of SS by mountain runners participating in the Alcoy Solidarity Trail. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire based on content, applicability, structure, and presentation. This questionnaire was completed online by the athletes, who could fill it out voluntarily and at their convenience, as well as anonymously. Results: the results showed that 87.5 % of participants reported consuming SS, with no significant differences observed with respect to com- petitive level, although differences were found with respect to sex (92.7 % in men vs 70.6 % in women; p = 0.029), with a higher consumption found in men compared to women. The most consumed SS were sports bars (81.9 %), sports drinks (75.0 %), caffeine (48.6 %), magnesium (38.9 %), and electrolytes (27.8 %). Conclusions: among mountain runners consumption of SS is high, and 4 of the 5 most habitually consumed SS belong in the category of greater scientific evidence.

Background: Sports supplements (SS) are widely consumed by many types of athletes to improve their performance. These SS are classified according to their level of scientific evidence, by the ABCD system from the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). In open water swimming, their use may be necessary due to the physiological challenges posed by this sport discipline. However, there is currently little literature on the use of SS in open water swimmers. The aim of this work is to analyze the pattern of consumption of SS by open water swimmers, by studying the differences according to the competitive level (regional vs. national). Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study on the consumption and use of SS by federated open water swimmers in Spain in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. The data were collected through a validated questionnaire. Results: 79.5% of the participants consumed SS, with significant differences according to their level, being higher in athletes at the national level. The most-consumed SS by the swimmers studied were sports drinks, energy bars, caffeine, vitamin C, and vitamin D. Conclusions: It was observed that the consumption of SS in open water swimmers was high, and of the five most-consumed SS, four of them belonged to the category of greatest scientific evidence.

The study of body dimensions and proportions through anthropometry is important for the identification of young talents in swimming. Anthropometric studies of swimmers in the Spanish population are scarce. The main objective of this study is the description of anthropometric parameters and their relationship with sporting success in swimming, differentiated by sex and styles. 34 swimmers (19 boys and 15 girls) of national competitive level, aged between 14-17 years were analyzed. Measurements were taken by two accredited anthropometrists following the Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) anthropometric protocol. Body composition was calculated using the 4-component model and the Heath-Carter somatotype. The sample was differentiated between swimming strokes to examine possible differences between groups. Significant differences (p <0.05) were observed by sex in basic measurements, folds, perimeters and diameters, but no significant differences were observed by styles. The somatotype of the sample was balanced mesomorphic, being ectomesomorphic in boys and mesoendomorphic in girls, with values ​​similar to those observed in the bibliography. The anthropometric study at an early age could allow to identify possible talents in swimming, although it could not be confirmed that it is concrete to assign a certain style.

Background: Sports supplements (SS) are widely consumed by many types of athletes to improve their performance. These SS are classified according to their level of scientific evidence, by the ABCD system from the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). In open water swimming, their use may be necessary due to the physiological challenges posed by this sport discipline. However, there is currently little literature on the use of SS in open water swimmers. The aim of this work is to analyze the pattern of consumption of SS by open water swimmers, by studying the differences according to the competitive level (regional vs. national). Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study on the consumption and use of SS by federated open water swimmers in Spain in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. The data were collected through a validated questionnaire. Results: 79.5% of the participants consumed SS, with significant differences according to their level, being higher in athletes at the national level. The most-consumed SS by the swimmers studied were sports drinks, energy bars, caffeine, vitamin C, and vitamin D. Conclusions: It was observed that the consumption of SS in open water swimmers was high, and of the five most-consumed SS, four of them belonged to the category of greatest scientific evidence.

La técnica antropométrica es la herramienta utilizada para establecer la composición corporal de los individuos sanos o enfermos. Con el fin de asegurar la calidad y precisión, estas medidas se deben realizar en base a normas o protocolos estandarizados. Existen protocolos o directrices con recursos audiovisuales, pero siempre dirigidos a población deportista, convirtiéndose en una limitación a la hora de trasladar el aprendizaje y aplicación de la técnica antropométrica a otros grupos vulnerables, como son la población infantil y/o la población anciana. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es la elaboración de material audiovisual, incluyendo imágenes y vídeos cortos que recojan las técnicas precisas de medición antropométrica en grupos vulnerables para usarse posteriormente en la docencia del Grado en Nutrición Humana y Dietética. Los recursos audio visuales se subirán en formato libre a través de la herramienta Vértice de la Universidad de Alicante. Una vez disponible el material audiovisual se pasará un cuestionario elaborado y consensuado por los docentes que forman parte de la autoría de este trabajo, a un grupo reducido de alumnos matriculados en las asignaturas donde se imparten los contenidos teórico-prácticos relacionados con el tema de estudio, para la valoración de los recursos didácticos.

Introducción: El fútbol sala femenino es un deporte de esfuerzo intermitente. Las deportistas necesitan cumplir con las recomendaciones nutricionales para obtener un rendimiento adecuado. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la ingesta dietética y la composición corporal de un equipo de élite universitario de fútbol sala. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal realizado en 14 jugadoras semi-profesionales de fútbol sala. Se calculó la composición corporal mediante el modelo de 4 componentes con las ecuaciones de la Sociedad Española de Medicina del Deporte. Para evaluar los hábitos de consumo alimentario se empleó el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo alimentario del departamento de Salud Pública de la Universidad Miguel Hernández. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS. Todas las variables dependientes tenían distribuciones no normales y se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (Rho), siendo el nivel de significancia establecido de 0,05 y 0,01. Resultados: Los valores medios composición corporal observados fueron: 61,69 kg (7,71) kg, talla: 1,64 (0,06) m, porcentaje de masa grasa 12,00 (3,08) % y peso masa muscular 22,03 (3,82) Kg. La clasificación somatotípica de la muestra fue endo-mesomorfo. Respecto a la ingesta dietética. La ingesta dietética se encontraba generalmente por debajo de las recomendaciones de la Guía de la Alimentación Saludable Para Atención Primaria y Colectivos Ciudadanos de Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC). Se encontraron correlaciones entre el consumo de algunos alimentos con los valores antropométricos como el consumo de carne y lácteos con un mayor peso de masa muscular (kg). Conclusiones: El consumo alimentario de las jugadoras está por debajo de las recomendaciones en la mayoría de los grupos alimentarios. Es necesario transmitir a las deportistas la importancia de realizar una planificación nutricional adecuada y específica para sus necesidades para poder man, Introduction: Women's futsal is a sport of intermittent exertion. Female athletes need to comply with nutritional recommendations in order to perform adequately. The aim of this study is to describe the dietary intake and body composition of an elite university indoor football team. Methodology: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out on 14 semi-professional players from the University of Alicante. Body composition was calculated using the 4-component model with the equations of the Spanish Society of Sports Medicine. The food consumption habits were assessed using the food consumption frequency questionnaire of the Department of Public Health of the Miguel Hernández University. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software. All dependent variables had non-normal distributions and Spearman's correlation coefficient (Rho) was calculated, the significance level being 0.05 and 0.01. Results: The mean body composition results observed were: 61.69 kg (7.71) kg, height: 1.64 (0.06) m, fat mass percentage 12.00 (3.08) % and muscle mass weight 22.03 kg (3.82), the somatotypic classification of the sample was endo-mesomorphic. Regarding dietary intake. Dietary intake was generally below the recommendations of the Guide to Healthy Eating for Primary Care and Citizen Groups of the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC). Correlations were found between the consumption of some foods with anthropometric values such as meat and dairy consumption with higher muscle mass weight (kg). Conclusions: The dietary intake of female players is below the recommendations in most of the food groups. It is necessary to transmit to sportswomen the importance of carrying out adequate nutritional planning specific to their needs in order to maintain acceptable levels of performance as well as an adequate body composition for their sporting level.

Introduction: sports supplements (SS) are widely used by all types of athletes to improve their performance. These SS are classified according to the ABCD system of the Australian Institute of Sports (AIS) from higher to lower scientific evidence. In mountain runners, their use could be necessary due to the physiological demands required by this sport. However, the literature on the use of SS by mountain runners is scarce. Objective: to analyze the pattern of SS consumption in mountain runners by studying differences according to sex and competitive level (regional vs national). Methodology: this was a descriptive and cross-sectional study on the consumption and use of SS by mountain runners participating in the Alcoy Solidarity Trail. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire based on content, applicability, structure, and presentation. This questionnaire was completed online by the athletes, who could fill it out voluntarily and at their convenience, as well as anonymously. Results: the results showed that 87.5 % of participants reported consuming SS, with no significant differences observed with respect to competitive level, although differences were found with respect to sex (92.7 % in men vs 70.6 % in women; p = 0.029), with a higher consumption found in men compared to women. The most consumed SS were sports bars (81.9 %), sports drinks (75.0 %), caffeine (48.6 %), magnesium (38.9 %), and electrolytes (27.8 %). Conclusions: among mountain runners consumption of SS is high, and 4 of the 5 most habitually consumed SS belong in the category of greater scientific evidence., Introducción: los suplementos deportivos (SS) son muy utilizados por todo tipo de deportistas para mejorar su rendimiento. Estos SS se clasifican según el sistema ABCD del Australian Institute of Sports (AIS) de mayor a menor evidencia científica. En corredores de montaña, su uso podría ser necesario debido a las exigencias fisiológicas de este deporte. Sin embargo, la literatura sobre el uso de SS por corredores de montaña es escasa. Objetivo: analizar el patrón de consumo de SS en corredores de montaña, estudiando las diferencias según el sexo y el nivel competitivo (autonómico vs. nacional). Metodología: se trata de un estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre el consumo y uso de SS por parte de los corredores de montaña participantes en el Trail Solidario de Alcoy. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario validado en base al contenido, la aplicabilidad, la estructura y la presentación. El cuestionario fue completado de manera online por los atletas que pudieron rellenarlo voluntariamente y a conveniencia, y de manera anónima. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que el 87,5 % de los participantes reportaron consumir SS, no observándose diferencias significativas con respecto al nivel competitivo, aunque sí se encontraron diferencias con respecto al sexo (92,7 % en hombres y 70,6 % en mujeres; p = 0,029), donde los hombres tenían un mayor consumo en comparación con las mujeres. Los SS más consumidos fueron las barritas deportivas (81,9 %), las bebidas deportivas (75,0 %), la cafeína (48,6 %), el magnesio (38,9 %) y los electrólitos (27,8 %). Conclusiones: entre los corredores de montaña, el consumo de SS es alto y 4 de los 5 SS más consumidos pertenecen a la categoría de mayor evidencia científica.

Introducción: durante los últimos 20 años se ha producido un incremento en el número de pruebas de deportes de resistencia, así como en el de participantes en las mismas. Un plan nutricional adecuado es esencial para la realización satisfactoria de este tipo de pruebas, tanto en deportistas profesionales como en amateurs. Objetivos: el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar, evaluar y comparar con las recomendaciones científicas actuales el consumo de carbohidratos, agua y sodio por parte de los participantes de una prueba de carrera de montaña. Metodología: la competición realizada por los deportistas fue el “Medio Trail de Alcoy 2019” (Alcoy, España), con un recorrido de 30 km. Tras la realización de la prueba, los participantes rellenaron un cuestionario sobre el consumo de alimentos y bebidas realizado durante la misma, además de contestar a otras preguntas sobre hábitos nutricionales en general. En el estudio se incluyeron 11 participantes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: el resultado obtenido para la ingesta media de carbohidratos fue de 14,93 g/h, para la de sodio de 146,42 mg/h y para la de agua de 399,73 mL/h. El 27 % de los participantes acudía al dietista-nutricionista de manera habitual y ninguno de ellos reportó problemas del tracto gastrointestinal durante la prueba. Conclusiones: el consumo de carbohidratos y de sodio realizado por los participantes fue bajo con respecto a las recomendaciones científicas actuales; no obstante, el consumo de agua fue adecuado conforme a las mismas. Se aconseja a los deportistas de resistencia acudir a un dietista-nutricionista especializado para alcanzar un rendimiento óptimo en las competiciones., Introduction: there has been an increase in the number of endurance sports events during the last 20 years, as well as in the number of their participants. An adequate nutritional plan is essential for a satisfactory performance in this type of events, both in professional and amateur athletes. Objectives: the objective was to determine, evaluate, and compare with the current scientific recommendations the consumption of carbohydrates, water, and sodium by participants in a trail-running event. Methods: the competition completed by the athletes was the “Medio Trail de Alcoy 2019” (Alcoy, Spain), with a distance of 30 km. After completing the race, participants filled out a questionnaire about their food and drink consumption during the event, in addition to other questions about their nutritional habits in general. Eleven participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Results: the result obtained for average carbohydrate intake was 14.93 g/h, for sodium intake was 146.42 mg/h, and for water intake was 399.73 mL/h. In all, 27 % of participants visited a dietitian-nutritionist on a regular basis, and none reported gastrointestinal tract issues during the race. Conclusions: the carbohydrate and sodium consumption of participants was low as compared to current scientific recommendations; however, water consumption was adequate according to them. Our advice for endurance athletes is visit a specialized dietitian-nutritionist to achieve optimal performance in competitions.

Introducción: El uso de suplementos deportivos (SD) es muy común entre los atletas y durante los últimos años la prevalencia de su consumo ha ido aumentando. Sin embargo, no todos los SD proporcionan los beneficios que se busca cuando se decide consumir este tipo de sustancias. Es por ello que las entidades científicas han puesto su foco en la evaluación de SD y se han creado clasificaciones en función de la evidencia científica, como la que ha propuesto el Instituto Australiano del Deporte (AIS). Los remeros de élite realizan sesiones de entrenamiento centradas en el desarrollo de la capacidad aeróbica y anaeróbica por lo que la utilización de SD adecuados puede mejorar el rendimiento de estos deportistas. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de consumo de SD en remeros de élite universitarios y evaluar el grado de evidencia del SD consumido. Método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal en el que han participado 14 remeros del equipo de remo de la Universidad de Alicante. Se utilizó un cuestionario, previamente validado, para recoger los datos pertinentes al consumo de SD. Resultados: Los SD más consumidos fueron: cafeína (81%), proteína de suero (75%), creatina monohidrato (62,5%), barritas energéticas (56,3%), bebida isotónica (50%) y BCAA (43,7%). La finalidad principal de su uso fue para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo y solo un 33% estaba asesorado por un dietista-nutricionista. Conclusión: La mayoría de los SD utilizados por los remeros tienen respaldo científico. Por lo que sería interesante que se llevasen a cabo más investigaciones en esta población., Introduction: The use of sports supplements (SD) is very common among athletes. In recent years the prevalence of consumption has been increasing. However, not all SD provide the benefits that we are find when we deciding to use this type of substance. That is why scientific entities have been its focus in the evaluation of SD and classifications have been created for scientific evidence, as well as in the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). The elite rowers training activities focused on the development of aerobic and anaerobic capacity, so the use of suitable SD could improve the performance of these athletes. Objective: Determine the prevalence of SD consumption in university rowers and to evaluate the grade of evidence of SD consumption. Method: Descriptive and transversal study in which have participated 14 rowers that shape the University of Alicante’s rower team. A previously validated questionnaire was applied to collect the data about SD consumption. Results: The SD most consumed were: caffeine (81%), whey protein (75%), creatine monohydrate (62.5%), energy bars (56.3%), isotonic drink (50%) and BCAA (43, 7%). The main purpose of its use was to improve athletic performance, and only 33% were advised by a dietitian-nutritionist. Conclusion: Most SD that rowers used have scientific support. So, it would be interesting if more research were carried out in this population.

La nutrición deportiva es una de las facetas más importantes a tener en cuenta por el deportista, tanto para la optimización del rendimiento y la adecuada recuperación, como para conservar o mejorar su salud. Es por ello que se suele denominar a la nutrición deportiva como “el entrenamiento invisible”, junto a otros hábitos como el sueño, descanso, gestión del estrés, etc. Una de las claves en cualquier planificación nutricional, sea enfocada a deportistas o no, es conseguir la máxima adherencia a dicha planificación por parte del sujeto. Sin adherencia, cualquier planificación nutricional será un fracaso absoluto. Además, cuando hablamos de nutrición deportiva, tenemos que tener también en cuenta la facilidad de elaboración de recetas y la aplicabilidad práctica. Este ebook es una herramienta para dietistas-nutricionistas y deportistas que tiene la finalidad de garantizar la adecuada ingesta de nutrientes pre, intra y post entrenamiento/competición en el deportista.

Introducción: durante los últimos 20 años se ha producido un incremento en el número de pruebas de deportes de resistencia, así como en el de participantes en las mismas. Un plan nutricional adecuado es esencial para la realización satisfactoria de este tipo de pruebas, tanto en deportistas profesionales como en amateurs. Objetivos: el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar, evaluar y comparar con las recomendaciones científicas actuales el consumo de carbohidratos, agua y sodio por parte de los participantes de una prueba de carrera de montaña. Metodología: la competición realizada por los deportistas fue el “Medio Trail de Alcoy 2019” (Alcoy, España), con un recorrido de 30 km. Tras la realización de la prueba, los participantes rellenaron un cuestionario sobre el consumo de alimentos y bebidas realizado durante la misma, además de contestar a otras preguntas sobre hábitos nutricionales en general. En el estudio se incluyeron 11 participantes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: el resultado obtenido para la ingesta media de carbohidratos fue de 14,93 g/h, para la de sodio de 146,42 mg/h y para la de agua de 399,73 mL/h. El 27 % de los participantes acudía al dietista-nutricionista de manera habitual y ninguno de ellos reportó problemas del tracto gastrointestinal durante la prueba. Conclusiones: el consumo de carbohidratos y de sodio realizado por los participantes fue bajo con respecto a las recomendaciones científicas actuales; no obstante, el consumo de agua fue adecuado conforme a las mismas. Se aconseja a los deportistas de resistencia acudir a un dietista-nutricionista especializado para alcanzar un rendimiento óptimo en las competiciones., Introduction: there has been an increase in the number of endurance sports events during the last 20 years, as well as in the number of their participants. An adequate nutritional plan is essential for a satisfactory performance in this type of events, both in professional and amateur athletes. Objectives: the objective was to determine, evaluate, and compare with the current scientific recommendations the consumption of carbohydrates, water, and sodium by participants in a trail-running event. Methods: the competition completed by the athletes was the “Medio Trail de Alcoy 2019” (Alcoy, Spain), with a distance of 30 km. After completing the race, participants filled out a questionnaire about their food and drink consumption during the event, in addition to other questions about their nutritional habits in general. Eleven participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Results: the result obtained for average carbohydrate intake was 14.93 g/h, for sodium intake was 146.42 mg/h, and for water intake was 399.73 mL/h. In all, 27 % of participants visited a dietitian-nutritionist on a regular basis, and none reported gastrointestinal tract issues during the race. Conclusions: the carbohydrate and sodium consumption of participants was low as compared to current scientific recommendations; however, water consumption was adequate according to them. Our advice for endurance athletes is visit a specialized dietitian-nutritionist to achieve optimal performance in competitions.

Caffeine is a food supplement widely consumed by athletes, but it has not been established. So far, the veracity of their labeling in terms of the dosage and cause/effect relationship aimed at the consumer. The aim is to analyze the health claims and the dosage presented on the labeling of caffeine supplements and to evaluate if they follow the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and international criteria. A descriptive cross-sectional study of a sample of caffeine supplements was carried out. The search was done through the Amazon and Google Shopping web portals. In order to assess the adequacy of the health claims, the guidelines of reference established by European Food Safety Authority were compared to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Olympic Committee, and Australian Institute of Sport guidelines; in addition, recent systematic reviews were addressed. A review of labels of 42 caffeine supplements showed that, in less than 3% of the products were the health claims supported by the recommendations and by the labeled quantity of caffeine. The claims that fully complied the recommendations were, “improves or increases endurance performance”, “improves strength performance”, or “improves short-term performance”. In most cases, the recommended dosage was 200 mg/day for these products, which is the minimum for the caffeine effects to be declared. The rest of the health claims were not adequate or need to be modified. Most of the health claims identified indicated an unproven cause and effect, which constitutes consumer fraud, and so must be modified or eliminated.

ntroducción: El uso de suplementos deportivos (SD) es muy común entre los atletas y durante los últimos años la prevalencia de su consumo ha ido aumentando. Sin embargo, no todos los SD proporcionan los beneficios que se busca cuando se decide consumir este tipo de sustancias. Es por ello que las entidades científicas han puesto su foco en la evaluación de SD y se han creado clasificaciones en función de la evidencia científica, como la que ha propuesto el Instituto Australiano del Deporte (AIS). Los remeros de élite realizan sesiones de entrenamiento centradas en el desarrollo de la capacidad aeróbica y anaeróbica, así como entrenamientos defuerza, por lo que la utilización de SD adecuados puede mejorar el rendimiento de estos deportistas. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de consumo de SD en remeros de élite universitarios y evaluar el grado de evidencia del SD consumido. Método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal en el que han participado 14 remeros del equipo de remo de la Universidad de Alicante. Se utilizó un cuestionario, previamente validado, para recoger los datos pertinentes al consumo de SD. Resultados: Los SD más consumidos fueron: cafeína (81%), proteína de suero (75%), creatina monohidrato (62,5%), barritas energéticas (56,3%), bebida isotónica (50%) y BCAA (43,7%). La finalidad principal de su uso fue para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo y solo un 33% estaba asesorado por un dietista-nutricionista. Conclusión: La mayoría de los SD utilizados por los remeros tienen respaldo científico. Por lo que sería interesante que se llevasen a cabo más investigaciones en esta población., Introduction: The use of sports supplements (SD) is very common among athletes. In recent years the prevalence of consumption has been increasing. However, not all SD provide the benefits that we are find when we deciding to use this type of substance. That is why scientific entities have been its focus in the evaluation of SD and classifications have been created for scientific evidence, as well as in the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). The elite rowers training activities focused on the development of aerobic and anaerobic capacity and strength traininig, so the use of suitable SD could improve the performance of these athletes. Objective: Determine the prevalence of SD consumption in university rowers and to evaluate the grade of evidence of SD consumption. Method: Descriptive and transversal study in which have participated 14 rowers that shape the University of Alicante’s rower team. A previously validated questionnaire was applied to collect the data about SD consumption. Results: The SD most consumed were: caffeine (81%), whey protein (75%), creatine monohydrate (62.5%), energy bars (56.3%), isotonic drink (50%) and BCAA (43, 7%). The main purpose of its use was to improve athletic performance, and only 33% were advised by a dietitian-nutritionist. Conclusion: Most SD that rowers used have scientific support. So, it would be interesting if more research were carried out in this population., ntrodução: O uso de suplementos esportivos (DS) é muito comum entre atletas e nos últimos anos a prevalência de seu consumo vem aumentando. No entanto, nem todos os DSs fornecem os benefícios que se buscam ao decidir consumir esses tipos de substâncias. É por isso que as entidades científicas têm se voltado para a avaliação do DS e têm sido criadas classificações com base em evidências científicas, como a proposta pelo Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). Os remadores de elite realizam sessões de treinamento com foco no desenvolvimento da capacidade aeróbia e anaeróbia, além do treinamento de força, de forma que o uso de DS adequado pode melhorar o desempenho desses atletas. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência do consumo de DS em remadores universitários de elite e avaliar o grau de evidência do consumo de DS. Método: Estudo descritivo e transversal do qual participaram 14 remadores da equipe de remo da Universidade de Alicante. Um questionário previamente validado foi usado para coletar dados pertinentes ao consumo de SD. Resultados: Os DSs mais consumidos foram: cafeína (81%), proteína de soro de leite (75%), creatina monohidratada (62,5%), barras energéticas (56,3%), bebida isotônica (50%) e BCAA (43,7%). O principal objetivo de seu uso era melhorar o rendimento esportivo e apenas 33% foram orientados por nutricionista-nutricionista. Conclusão: A maioria dos DSs utilizados pelos remadores possuem respaldo científico. Portanto, seria interessante se mais pesquisas fossem realizadas nesta população