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The aim of the present study was to use different models that include body composition phenotypes for the evaluation of residual feed intake (RFI) in Nellore bulls of different ages. Phenotypic and genotypic data of bulls that had participated in feed efficiency tests of a commercial (COM) and an experimental (EXP) herd between 2007 and 2019 were used. The mean entry age in the two herds was 645 and 279 days, respectively. The phenotypes were evaluated: rib eye area (REA), backfat thickness (BFT), residual feed intake (RFI

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of selection for body growth and its association with carcass and meat quality traits in the red-winged tinamou. Two experimental groups were selected based on the selection index: selection group with a higher index (TinamouS) and commercial group with a lower index (TinamouC). Weight at 180 days and slaughter weight were significantly higher (p0.05) in the TinamouS group, as were hot carcass weight, skinless breast weight, wing weight, and thigh and drumstick weight. The meat quality traits or sensory attributes did not differ significantly (p0.05) between groups. A significant positive correlation (0.59; p0.05) was found between shear force and chewability and a significant negative correlation (- 0.59; p0.05) between aroma intensity and strange aroma. The present study suggests that the selection index promotes greater body growth and preserves meat quality and sensory traits in red-winged tinamou.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:47:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:36:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352020000501965.pdf: 236554 bytes, checksum: 52d0801d9c7092e39c8f585964ede92a (MD5) This study aimed to describe the main behaviors of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) expressed in a semi intensive production system in Brazil. The behavioral activities of two groups of peccaries allocated in two paddocks were assessed, totaling 17 adult animals and eventual pups in different developmental stages. The animals were visually observed using the ad libitum sampling and scan sample methods during the adaptation and experimental phases, respectively. The animals were evaluated in the morning, afternoon, and at night. The behavioral activities observed by ad libitum sampling comprised feeding, pool contact, moving, staying inside the handling area, resting, mud bathing, mutual rubbing, rubbing, aggression, sexual behavior, copulation, foraging, breastfeeding, sleeping, territorial marking, interactions, birthing, gnawing, and other behaviors. All behaviors observed by the ad libitum sampling method were confirmed in the experimental period by scan sample, except for territorial marking and birthing. The effects of time of day were statistically significant (p

We conducted a study to identify the fecal metabolite profle and its proximity to the ruminal metabolism of Nelore steers based on an untargeted metabolomic approach. Twenty-six Nelore were feedlot with same diet during 105 d. Feces and rumen fuid were collected before and at slaughter, respectively. The metabolomics analysis indicated 49 common polar metabolites in the rumen and feces. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate were the most abundant polar metabolites in both bio-samples. The rumen presented signifcantly higher concentrations of the polar compounds when compared to feces (P< 0.05); even though, fecal metabolites presented an accentuated representability of the ruminal fuid metabolites. All fatty acids present in the ruminal fuid were also observed in the feces, except for C20:2n6 and C20:4n6. The identifed metabolites ofer information on the main metabolic pathways (higher impact factor and P< 0.05), as synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies; the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolisms, the glycine, serine; and threonine metabolism and the pyruvate metabolism. The fndings reported herein on the close relationship between the ruminal fuid and feces metabolic profles may ofer new metabolic information, in addition to facilitating the sampling for metabolism investigation in animal production and health routines. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-13T15:00:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ComparativeUntargetedMetabolome.pdf: 1971534 bytes, checksum: 04cf77d8b820aee368be3ff254d22a28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Animal feeding is a critical factor in increasing producer profitability. Improving feed efficiency can help reduce feeding costs and reduce the environmental impact of beef production. Candidate genes previously identified for this trait in differential gene expression studies (e.g., case-control studies) have not examined continuous gene-phenotype variation, which is a limitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the expression of five candidate genes in the liver, measured by quantitative real-time PCR and feed-related traits. We adopted a linear mixed model to associate liver gene expression from 52 Nelore steers with the following production traits: average daily gain (ADG), body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), Kleiber index (KI), metabolic body weight (MBW), residual feed intake (RFI), and relative growth ratio (RGR). The total expression of the prune homolog 2 (PRUNE2) gene was significantly associated with DMI, FCR, FE, and RFI (P lt; 0.05). Furthermore, we have identified a new transcript of PRUNE2 (TCONS_00027692, GenBank MZ041267) that was inversely correlated with FCR and FE (P lt; 0.05), in contrast to the originally identified PRUNE2 transcript. The cytochrome P450 subfamily 2B (CYP2B6), early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) genes were not associated with any feed efficiency-related traits (P gt; 0.05). The findings reported herein suggest that PRUNE2 expression levels affects feed efficiency-related traits variation in Nelore steers.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:05:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-18 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) There is increasing evidence showing positive association between changes in oral microbiome and the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Alcohol- and nicotine-related products can induce microbial changes but are still unknown if these changes are related to cancerous lesion sites. In an attempt to understand how these changes can influence the OSCC development and maintenance, the aim of this study was to investigate the oral microbiome linked with OSCC as well as to identify functional signatures and associate them with healthy or precancerous and cancerous sites. Our group used data of oral microbiomes available in public repositories. The analysis included data of oral microbiomes from electronic cigarette users, alcohol consumers, and precancerous and OSCC samples. An R-based pipeline was used for taxonomic and functional prediction analysis. The Streptococcus spp. genus was the main class identified in the healthy group. Haemophilus spp. predominated in precancerous lesions. OSCC samples revealed a higher relative abundance compared with the other groups, represented by an increased proportion of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Haemophilus spp., and Campylobacter spp. Venn diagram analysis showed 52 genera exclusive of OSCC samples. Both precancerous and OSCC samples seemed to present a specific associated functional pattern. They were menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase pattern enhanced in the former and both 3 ',5 '-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (purine metabolism) and iron(III) transport system ATP-binding protein enhanced in the latter. We conclude that although precancerous and OSCC samples present some differences on microbial profile, both microbiomes act as iron chelators-like potentially contributing to tumor growth. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Dent, Prevent & Community Dent Dept, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Postgrad Program Clin Oncol Stem Cells & Cell The, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Reg Blood Ctr Ribeirao Preto, Natl Inst Sci & Technol Stem Cell & Cell Therapy, Ctr Cell Based Therapy CEPID FAPESP, Mol Genet & Bioinfonnat Lab MGBL, Rua Tenente Catao Roxo 2501, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirio Preto Med Sch, Dept Genet, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, Dept Entomol & Acarol, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Sch Engn, Dept Hydraul & Sanitat, BR-13563120 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil Inst Canc Res IPEC, BR-85015430 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil Univ Estadual Centro Oeste, Dept Med, BR-85015430 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Food & Nutr, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Dept Biochem & Immunol, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Paulista, Inst Hlth Sci, Undergrad Biol Sci, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Grad Program Bioinformat Profess & Technol Educ S, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Amapa, Dept Biol Sci & Hlth, Macapa, AP, Brazil Embrapa Southeast Livestock EMBRAPA, Sao Paulo, Brazil FARVET, Labs Invest & Desarrollo, Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru Univ San Martin de Porres, Ctr Invest Genet & Biol Mol CIGBM, Lima, Peru Para State Univ, Grad Program Parasit Biol Amazon, Belem, Para, Brazil Para State Univ, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Biomed Engn, Belem, Para, Brazil Fundacao Ctr Controle Oncol Estado Amazonas, Dept Educ & Res, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Univ Fed Goias, Inst Pathol Trop & Publ Hlth, Goiania, Go, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, Dept Oral Maxillofacial Surg & Periodontol, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, Sao Paulo, Brazil Blood Ctr Ribeirao Preto, Ctr Cell Based Therapy CEPID FAPESP, Mol Genet & Bioinformat Lab MGBL, Rua Tenente Catao Roxo 2501, BR-14051140 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Food & Nutr, Araraquara, SP, Brazil CNPq: 465539/2014-9 FAPESP: 2013/08135-2 FAPESP: 17/23205-8 FAPESP: 19/08528-0

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-30 This study describes the association between meat tenderness and abundance of soluble muscle proteins in Nellore bulls (Bos indicus) using a proteomic approach. We evaluated shear force (SF) of Longissimus thoracis muscle 24 h after slaughter and selected three experimental groups of animals with moderately tender (TE; SF = 3.9 ± 0.7 kg), moderately tough (TO; SF = 5.6 ± 0.7 kg) and very tough meat (TO+; SF = 7.9 ± 1.4 kg). Proteome was investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) in combination with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI–MS/MS). The metabolic proteins triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1) and phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), the structural protein profilin 1 (PFN1), and cytosol aminopeptidase (LAP3) were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the TE meat group when compared to the TO and TO+ groups. Actin structural proteins (ACTA1, ACTB, and ACTG1), the oxidative stress protein peroxiredoxin (PRDX6, PRDX2, PRDX1, and PARK7), heat shock protein isoforms, and co-chaperones (CDC37 and STIP1) were up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the TO and TO+ meat groups. In addition, we also identified proteins PFN1, LAP3, PRDX1, PRDX2, HSPD1, and ARHGDIA to be associated with beef tenderness. The results reported herein demonstrated that meat tenderness in Nellore cattle depends on the modulation and expression of a set of proteins involved in different biological pathways. Significance: The manuscript entitled “Application of proteomic to investigate the different degrees of meat tenderness in Nellore breed” describes a classical proteomics work using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), followed by mass spectrometry coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap (ESI-MS/MS) in order to understand the biochemical engineering involved in the process of meat tenderness. We evaluated shear force (SF) of Longissimus thoracis muscle samples of Nellore cattle (n = 90) and select three experimental groups of animals with moderately tender (TE; SF = 3.9 ± 0.7), moderately tough (TO; SF = 5.6 ± 0.7) and very tough meat (TO+; SF = 7.9 ± 1.4). The proteomic approach allowed observing that meat tenderness is influenced by structural proteins (ACTA1, ACTG1, ACTB, MYL1 and PFN1), co-chaperones (CDC37 and STIP1), heat shock proteins (HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSPD1, HSPA1L, HSPA1A and HSPB1), regulatory protein (ARHGDIA), metabolic proteins (TPI1 and PGM1) and oxidative stress proteins (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX6, PARK7). Our results suggest that meat tenderness in Nellore depends on the modulation and expression of a set of proteins involved in different biological pathways. São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), Jaboticabal Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A) Redox Biology Center Department of Biochemistry University of Nebraska Institute of Bioscience (IB) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) Botucatu São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), Jaboticabal Institute of Bioscience (IB) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) Botucatu

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:05:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 The objective was to investigate gene and protein expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in Nellore cattle slaughtered at different weights (BW) or degrees of meat tenderness. Ninety animals with initial BW 370 ± 37 kg, 24 months of age, were slaughtered after 95 days on feed. We evaluated shear force (SF), myofibrillar fragmentation index, ribeye area, backfat thickness, marbling, color, and cooking losses. Subsequently, 24 animals were selected and divided into four contrasting groups, in which light (BW = 504.58 ± 32.36 kg) versus heavy animals (BW = 604.83 ± 42.97 kg) and animals with tender (SF = 3.88 ± 0.57 kg) versus tough meat (SF = 7.95 ± 1.04 kg) were compared. The MYH7, MYH2 and MYH1 genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. The MyHC isoforms (MyHC-I, MyHC-IIa, and MyHC-IIx) were quantified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. We found lower expression of MYH2 and MYH1 genes in heavy compared to light animals and a higher amount of MyHC-I isoform in the tough meat group compared to the tender meat group. Protein expression of MyHC-IIa was higher in the tender meat group. A negative correlation was found of this protein and SF (tenderness), suggesting MyHC-IIa as a biomarker of meat quality. College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A) College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:15:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-07 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Among horses selected for speed, the racing line of Quarter Horses is characterized by high performance in sprint races, with these animals being considered the fastest horses in the world. However, few studies have investigated in more detail the polymorphisms and genes that act on this trait. The objective of this study was to analyze exomes and UTRs in regions previously associated with this trait by GWAS in Quarter Horse racehorses with contrasting maximum speed index (SImax), prospecting causal gene polymorphisms that are related to or are in strong linkage disequilibrium with racing performance. Genotypic and phenotypic records from 360 animals of the racing line of Quarter Horses, previously genotyped with an SNP chip to obtain individual genomic estimated breeding values for performance, were used for the formation and sequencing of two groups of animals with contrasting racing performance (20 animals with superior SImax and 20 with inferior SImax). Two rapid runs were performed using two pools of libraries containing 20 and 19 samples randomly chosen among the 40 samples with contrasting SIs. A total of 1203 variants (1105 SNPs and 93 InDels) were identified in 33 regions of interest obtained previously by GWAS. Twenty-nine of the polymorphisms (24 SNPs and 5 InDels) were considered to be important based on three different and independent approaches: SIFT scores classified as deleterious (< 0.05), degree of impact on the consensus region of each polymorphism, and different allele frequencies identified by Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.01) between the groups of horses with contrasting SImax. Thus, eight genes described as functional and positional candidates in previous studies (ABCG5, COL11A1, GEN1, SOCS3, MICAL1, SPTBN1, EPB41L3, and SHQ1) and nine new candidate genes (AKNA, ARMC2, FKBP15, LHX1, NOL10, TMEM192, ZFP37, FIG4, and HNRNPU), some of them with known function, were related to racing performance in Quarter Horses. Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition College of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Junior District Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition College of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Junior District Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: 2014/20207-1

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:33:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between oxidative damage to proteins (represented by protein carbonylation) and beef tenderness. Three experimental groups were selected by shear force (SF): tender (38.2 +/- 2.9 N), intermediate (51.9 +/- 6.8 N), and tough meat (74.5 +/- 7.8 N). Two-dimensional electrophoresis with hydrazide fluorophore derivatization was used. The structural proteins actin (ACTA1), myosin (MYL1 and MYL3), desmin (DES) and troponin T (TNNT1 and TNNT3), antioxidant proteins (PRDX1, PRDX2 and PARK7) and heat shock proteins (HSPB1, CRYAB and HSPB6) showed an increase in the oxidative damage in tender meat when compared to the intermediate and tough meat (P < .05). Decrease in oxidative damage of the metabolic enzymes (TPI1, GAPDH and ENO3) were observed in tender meat group (P < .05). The present results suggest that oxidation act on the proteins of different metabolic pathways and consequently affect meat tenderness in Angus crossbred cattle. Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Redox Biol Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Breeding & Nutr Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Breeding & Nutr Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: FAPESP 2015/13021-1 CAPES: CAPES 88881.134679/2016-01

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:10:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for weaning weight (WW) and udder score (US) of 186,151 Nellore animals raised in extensive systems. The (co)variance components and estimated breeding values (EBVs) were obtained by two-trait analyses using Bayesian inference. The maternal effect (ME) was expressed as the maternal additive genetic variance of the calf's weaning weight (WW). The direct heritabilities were 0.13 ± 0.012 and 0.23 ± 0.012 for WW and US, respectively. The maternal heritability was 0.11 ± 0.012 for WW. The genetic correlations between WW and US (0.48 ± 0.053), WW and ME (0.41 ± 0.067), and US and ME (0.31 ± 0.041) were positive and moderate. Cows with maternal udder scores (US_M) 3 and 4 showed higher EBVs for ME (2.58 ± 0.070 and 2.88 ± 0.214, respectively) and their progeny had higher EBVs for WW (4.58 ± 0.058 and 5.07 ± 0.168) and US (0.20 ± 0.001 and 0.26 ± 0.005). The genetic trends demonstrate genetic progress in the selection program over the years, with values of 0.19 kg and 0.01 points for WW and US, respectively. The genetic trend in ME was 0.04 kg for WW. In addition, a positive genetic correlation was observed between these traits, as well between the traits and ME, i.e., selection would result in positive genetic gains. The use of US_M may help improve body weight and udder quality in the progeny. Furthermore, the trends indicate that the selection adopted on the farms has been effective in promoting genetic progress. São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) Embrapa Southeast Livestock (EMBRAPA) Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ) São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of backfat thickness (BFT) on the meat quality of feedlot-finished Nellore bulls (Bos indicu s). Seventy-two animals were feedlot finished for about 100 days. For this study, 24 animals were sampled according to BFT in the longissimus thoracis muscle after slaughter: 12 animals with BFT up to 3.0 mm (class BFT-3) and 12 animals with BFT > 6.0 mm (class BFT-6). Chemical (myofibrillar fragmentation index, intramuscular fat content, and unsaturated and saturated fatty acids) and physical (cold carcass weight, rib eye area, and marbling score) characteristics of the meat were evaluated. Additionally, shear force and sensory characteristics (aroma, flavor, tenderness, chewiness, and juiciness) were analyzed. Marbling score and intramuscular fat content were considered low for the two BFT classes. The mean values of the characteristics studied did not differ (P>0.05) between BFT classes, except for fatty acids, with the observation of higher unsaturated fatty acid levels in the BFT-6 class. There was no difference (P>0.05) in sensory characteristics between BFT classes. The most consistent relationship was observed between the myofibrillar fragmentation index and tenderness, measured as shear force, in animals with greater BFT (BFT-6 class) compared to animals with lower BFT (BFT-3 class), suggesting possible tenderness problems in animals with a leaner carcass. The observation of a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in animals with greater BFT suggests an increase in the sensory perception of meat, especially flavor.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The objective of this study was to estimate allele frequencies of the g.98535683A>G:BTAU7 SNP in the CAST gene in different genetic groups of beef cattle produced in Brazil (Nellore and their crosses with Bos taurus), and to evaluate associations between this polymorphism and meat traits. Five hundred animals from six different genetic groups were genotyped and phenotyped for shear force (SF), myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), rib eye area, backfat thickness, and total lipids. Alleles A and G of the SNP were detected in all genetic groups and the frequency of A was higher than G. Significant association (P < 0.05) was observed between the polymorphism and meat tenderness (SF and MFI), in which genotype AA exhibited the best values. These results demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of the studied SNP in a Zebu breed and its potential application to the genetic improvement of meat tenderness in the Nellore breed (Bos indicus) and its crosses with Bos taurus. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zootecnia, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Melhoramento & Nutr Anim, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zootecnia, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Melhoramento & Nutr Anim, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: FAPESP 2009/16118-5 FAPESP: FAPESP 2015/13021-1

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:48:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-04-01 Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of expression of CAPN1, CAPN2, CAST, HSP90AA1, DNAJA1 and HSPB1 genes with meat tenderness in Nellore cattle. Three experimental groups were selected by shear force (SF): moderately tender (SF = 34.3 +/- 5.8 N), moderately tough (SF = 56.8 +/- 7.8 N), and very tough meat (SF = 80.4 +/- 15 N). Gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. Expression of the CAPN1, CAPN2, CAST and CAST1 genes did not differ between groups. Expression of the CAST2 was up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the moderately tough and very tough meat groups. Down-regulation of the HSP90AA1, DNAJA1 and HSPB1 genes (P < 0.05) was observed in the moderately tender meat group. The present results suggest that meat tenderness in Nellore cattle does not directly depend on the expression of the CAPN1 and CAPN2 genes, but is associated with the expression of other genes such as CAST2, HSP90AA1, DNAJA1 and HSPB1. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Zootecnia, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Francisco de Paula Santander Ocana, Fac Ciencias Agr & Ambiente, Dept Ciencias Pecuarias, Norte De Santander 546552, Colombia Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Morfol, Inst Biociencias, BR-18618689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Melhoramento & Nutr Anim, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Zootecnia, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Morfol, Inst Biociencias, BR-18618689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Melhoramento & Nutr Anim, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo: FAPESP 2015/13021-1

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Subcutaneous fat deposition measured as backfat thickness (BFT) increases protection for the bovine carcass during cooling, conferring to BFT an important characteristic for the meat industry. To study the influence of BFT on meat quality traits of Nellore bulls (Bos indicus), data from 1652 animals aged 20-24 months in feedlot finishing were used. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to characterise meat quality variables in longissimus thoracis muscle. Measurements comprised the rib eye area, BFT, marbling, shear force, myofibril fragmentation index, cooking losses, intramuscular lipid content and colour (lightness, yellowness, redness, chromaticity and hue). Considering BFT as a separation criterion, the K-means cluster analysis was applied to classify beef samples. The first four PC explained roughly 66% of total variability and meat colour (yellowness and chromaticity) was more effective to define the first PC. Tenderness or toughness (shear force and cooking losses) and fatness (BFT and intramuscular lipid content) were more effective to define the second and third PC, respectively. Three BFT groups were formed and projected in the gradient defined by PC 2 and PC 3. BFT means in the clusters were 10.82 ± 3.19 (I), 5.03 ± 1.01 (II) and 2.54 ± 0.63 (III) mm with 185, 947 and 520 animals in each group, respectively. The projection of I, II and III in the gradient allowed to distinguish fatness between beef samples and tenderness between I and III. Additionally, 57.32% of animals (Group II) were placed between the two previous groups. Beef samples with higher values of shear force and cooking losses (tough meat) showed lower BFT and myofibril fragmentation index values, possibly due to fibre shortening. PCA and K-means cluster analysis presented as interesting multivariate techniques to identify Nellore bulls regarding meat quality as some of the traits used in the study are difficult to measure. The three-cluster solution represented the main biological type of Nellore bulls finished on feedlot in Brazil showing that only 11.2% of beef samples (Cluster I) can be considered tender. This information can be useful for breeding programs of Nellore bulls. In this study, Cluster I shows optimal beef quality (SF ≤ 4.52 ± 1.17 kg) with better marbling level and less cooking losses. Nellore cattle producers should target BFT at least 5.00 mm to prevent fibre shortening. However, the only condition which provides optimal beef tenderness (i.e. shear force values lower than 4.9 kg) was found in Cluster I. The BFT does not seem to be a suitable characteristic for the selection of animals to improve tenderness due the weak relationship between BFT and shear force. Animal Nutrition and Growth Laboratory Department of Animal Science Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP) Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition College of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Access Route Paulo Donato Castellane Statistical and Agronomic Experimentation Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP) Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Rubião Junior District Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition College of Veterinary and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Access Route Paulo Donato Castellane Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Rubião Junior District

The data showed in this review exposes basic aspects that define organic foods and some factors that influence consumption by the population, ie, its production in the country and the motivations for the consumption of food produced in this system . This way of production, originated in the early decades in the 20th century, nowadays involves environmental, social and health aspects. Although the environment is a more evident aspect than other ones, economic output and potential beneficial to health are discussed further in this description about organic foods. Brazil, has excelled in the growth of this type of farming, however holds the 6th position in the world and 2nd producer in Latin America, with grains and vegetables being the main products, although the livestock reaches the largest area. The consumption of these products is primarily motivated by the perception of organic food as healthier than other kinds of food. However, there are no conclusive studies about better nutritional value, where nutrient concentrations are often unchanged. In contrast the presence of more phytochemicals compounds and reduced pesticides’ content in vegetables, and lipid profile in animal products can justify the health benefits of the products obtained from the organic production system.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of livestock production in organic and conventional management system in relation to the meat quality of Nellore male cattle ( Bos indicus ). Eight animals raised organically and 15 animals produced under conventional system finished in feedlot for 90 days were used. After slaughter, the carcasses were cooled within 24 to 48 hours, and two samples of the Longissimus thoracis were collected with approximately 2.54 cm thick between the 12 th to 13 th ribs of the left half of each animal. Chemical characteristics were evaluated, such as total lipids (TL) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI). Additionally, characteristics such as shear force (SF), rib eye area (REA), marbling index (MI), backfat thickness (BFT), centesimal composition, total losses (LT) and instrumental coloring were evaluated. The organic samples showed best results for instrumental color, the most important item considered at the time of purchase. The average shear force was lower for organic meat and is positively related with tenderness. Significant differences between the two groups can also be observed in the total lipid analysis, fat thickness and moisture content, which showed higher values than in the animals finished in feedlot. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/demetra.2015.14293

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar crescentes níveis de inclusão de extrato de erva-mate como aditivo na nutrição animal e seus efeitos na saúde, performance, nutrição e digestibilidade das dietas, metanogênese in vivo, diversidade do microbioma ruminal e qualidade de carne. Para realização deste trabalho, foram utilizados trinta e seis cordeiros machos não castrados e cruzados (Texel x Dorper x Santa Inês) com peso inicial médio de 23,77± 3,70 kg. Os animais foram divididos em nove grupos, os 4 animais de cada grupo tinham pesos similares, e foram sorteados aleatoriamente para um dos 4 tratamentos, que era composto de um controle e outros 3 tratamentos com níveis crescentes de inclusão de extrato de erva-mate (1, 2 e 4%). Os três primeiros dias, todos os animais receberam o tratamento controle, e no terceiro dia foram coletados liquido ruminal via sonda orogástrica e sangue para obtenção de valores iniciais, então começaram a receber o tratamento proposto. Pesagens periódicas foram realizadas para acompanhamento e diariamente era mensurado o consumo de matéria seca, sendo que um resíduo de 10% era desejado para caracterizar uma alimentação ad libtum. No 30° dia de confinamento, 24 dos 36 animais foram equipados com sacolas de coletas totais de fezes, que ficaram em adaptação por 3 dias e em coleta por 5 dias para o ensaio de digestibilidade aparente das dietas. No 39° dia os mesmos 24 animais foram equipados com os aparatos para mensuração de metano, utilizando a técnica do gás traçador SF6, foram 3 dias de adaptação aos equipamentos e 5 dias de coletas. Os animais permaneceram em confinamento por 53 dias, ao final deste período, uma última pesagem foi realizada e medidas de biometria corporal foram realizadas, coleta de liquido ruminal e sangue foram realizadas. Após 16h de jejum os animais foram abatido e mensurações de rendimento de carcaça e biometria de carcaça foram realizadas. Uma amostra de músculo Longissimus thoracis foi coletada e imediatamente armazenada em nitrogênio líquido após o abate para análise de metabolomica. Uma outra amostra, após 24h de refrigeração foi coletada e armazenada à vácuo para as análises de qualidade de carne. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados e os resultados foram analisados pelo SAS studio 15.1 pelo procedimento MIXED. Os resultados mostram que níveis moderados (até 2% de inclusão de extrato de erva-mate pode favorecer o sistema imune dos animais e o desempenho geral. Assim como aumentar a ingestão de matéria seca e digestibilidade de alguns nutrientes, como fibra total e FDN. Maior musculatura e menor capa de gordura foi observada nos animais que recebiam o extrato de mate, assim como redução das gorduras sanguíneas. Nenhum efeito sobre a emissão de metano por unidade de produção foi identificada e o extrato não causou mudança na alfa diversidade do microbioma ruminal. The objective of this study was to evaluate increasing levels of inclusion of yerba mate extract as an additive in animal nutrition and its effects on health, performance, nutrition and digestibility of diets, in vivo methanogenesis, ruminal microbiome and meat quality. Thirty six male uncastrated and crossbred lambs (Îlle de France x Dorper x Santa Inês) with initial weight of 23.77 ± 3.70 kg were used for this study. The animals were divided into nine groups, the 4 animals in each group had similar weights, and were randomly assigned into one of the 4 treatments, which consisted of a control and 3 other treatments with increasing levels of yerba mate extract inclusion (1, 2, and 4%). The first three days, all animals received the control treatment, and on the third day ruminal fluid was collected via orogastric tube and blood to obtain baseline values, then began to receive the proposed treatment. Periodic weighting procedures were performed for monitoring, and daily dry matter intake was measured, 10% residue was desired to characterize an ad libtum diet. On the 30th day of period, 24 of the 36 animals were equipped with total fecal collection bags, which were adapted for 3 days and collected for 5 days for the apparent digestibility of diets. On the 39th day, the same 24 animals were equipped with methane measuring devices, using the SF6 tracer gas technique, 3 days of adaptation to the equipment and 5 days of collection. The animals were kept for 53 days, at the end of this period, a last weighing was performed and body biometric measurements were performed, ruminal fluid and blood collection were performed. After 16h of fasting the animals were slaughtered and carcass yield and carcass biometrics measurements were performed. A Longissimus thoracis muscle sample was collected and immediately stored in liquid nitrogen after slaughter for metabolomic analysis. Another sample after 24h of refrigeration was collected and stored under vacuum for meat quality analysis. The experimental design was randomized blocks and the results were analyzed by SAS studio 15.1 by the MIXED procedure. Results show that moderate levels (up to 2% inclusion) of yerba mate extract may improve animal immune system and overall performance. As well as increasing dry matter intake and digestibility of some nutrients such as total fiber and NDF. Higher musculature and lower fat cover were observed in animals receiving mate extract, as well as reduction in blood fat. No effect on methane emission per unit of production was identified and the extract did not change the alpha diversity of the rumen microbiome.