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1. Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect in the 500-square-degree SPTpol Survey

Author: L. E. Bleem, M. Klein, T. M. C. Abbot, P. A. R. Ade, M. Aguena, O. Alves, A.J. Anderson, F. Andrade-Oliveira, B. Ansarinejad, M. Archipley, M. L. N. Ashby, J. E. Austermann, D. Bacon, J. A. Beall, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, S. Bocquet, D. Brooks, D. L. Burke, M. Calzadilla, J. E. Carlstrom, A. Carnero Rosell, J. Carretero, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, H. C. Chiang, T-L. Chou, R. Citron, C. Corbett Moran, M. Costanzi, M. Constanzi, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, L. N. da Costa, T. de Haan, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, M. A. Dobbs, P. Doel, W. Everett, I. Ferrero, B. Flaugher, B. Floyd, D. Friedel, J. Frieman, J. Gallicchio, J. Garc'ia-Bellido, M. Gatti, E. M. George, G. Giannini, S. Grandis, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, N. Gupta, G. Gutierrez, N. W. Halverson, S. R. Hinton, G. P. Holder, D. L. Hollowood, W. L. Holzapfel, K. Honscheid, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, J. Mena-Fernández, D. J. James, F. Kéruzoré, L. Knox, K. Kuehn, O. Lahav, A. T. Lee, S. Lee, D. Li, A. Lowitz, J. L. Marshal, M. McDonald, J. J. McMahon, F. Menanteau, S. S. Meyer, R. Miquel, J. J. Mohr, J. Montgomery, J. Myles, T. Natoli, J. P. Nibarger, G. I. Noble, V. Novosad, R. L. C. Ogando, S. Padin, S. Patil, M. E. S. Pereira, A. Pieres, A. A. Plazas Malag'on, C. Pryke, C. L. Reichardt, M. Rodr'iguez-Monroy, A. K. Romer, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, L. Salvati, E. Sanchez, A. Saro, K. K. Schaffer, T. Schrabback, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, M. Smith, T. Somboonpanyakul, B. Stalder, A. A. Stark, E. Suchyta, M. E. C. Swanson, G. Tarle, C. To, C. Tucker, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, M. Vincenzi, G. Wang, J. Weller, N. Whitehorn, P. Wiseman, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, J. A. Zebrowski, and Y. Zhang
Subjects: Astronomy, QB1-991, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Published: 2024
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2. Testing the ΛCDM Cosmological Model with Forthcoming Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background with SPT-3G

Author: K. Prabhu, S. Raghunathan, M. Millea, G. P. Lynch, P. A. R. Ade, E. Anderes, A. J. Anderson, B. Ansarinejad, M. Archipley, L. Balkenhol, K. Benabed, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, F. R. Bouchet, L. Bryant, E. Camphuis, J. E. Carlstrom, T. W. Cecil, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, P. M. Chichura, A. Chokshi, T.-L. Chou, A. Coerver, T. M. Crawford, A. Cukierman, C. Daley, T. de Haan, K. R. Dibert, M. A. Dobbs, A. Doussot, D. Dutcher, W. Everett, C. Feng, K. R. Ferguson, K. Fichman, A. Foster, S. Galli, A. E. Gambrel, R. W. Gardner, F. Ge, N. Goeckner-Wald, R. Gualtieri, F. Guidi, S. Guns, N. W. Halverson, E. Hivon, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. C. Hood, A. Hryciuk, N. Huang, F. Kéruzoré, L. Knox, M. Korman, K. Kornoelje, C.-L. Kuo, A. T. Lee, K. Levy, A. E. Lowitz, C. Lu, A. Maniyar, F. Menanteau, J. Montgomery, Y. Nakato, T. Natoli, G. I. Noble, V. Novosad, Y. Omori, S. Padin, Z. Pan, P. Paschos, K. A. Phadke, A. W. Pollak, W. Quan, M. Rahimi, A. Rahlin, C. L. Reichardt, M. Rouble, J. E. Ruhl, E. Schiappucci, G. Smecher, J. A. Sobrin, A. A. Stark, J. Stephen, A. Suzuki, C. Tandoi, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, C. Trendafilova, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, A. Vitrier, J. D. Vieira, Y. Wan, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, M. R. Young, and J. A. Zebrowski
Subjects: Cosmic microwave background radiation, Cosmological parameters, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We forecast constraints on cosmological parameters enabled by three surveys conducted with SPT-3G, the third-generation camera on the South Pole Telescope. The surveys cover separate regions of 1500, 2650, and 6000 deg ^2 to different depths, in total observing 25% of the sky. These regions will be measured to white noise levels of roughly 2.5, 9, and $12\ \mu {\rm{K}}$ -armin, respectively, in cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature units at 150 GHz by the end of 2024. The survey also includes measurements at 95 and 220 GHz, which have noise levels a factor of ∼1.2 and 3.5 times higher than 150 GHz, respectively, with each band having a polarization noise level $\sim \sqrt{2}$ times higher than the temperature noise. We use a novel approach to obtain the covariance matrices for jointly and optimally estimated gravitational lensing potential band powers and unlensed CMB temperature and polarization band powers. We demonstrate the ability to test the ΛCDM model via the consistency of cosmological parameters constrained independently from SPT-3G and Planck data, and consider the improvement in constraints on ΛCDM extension parameters from a joint analysis of SPT-3G and Planck data. The ΛCDM cosmological parameters are typically constrained with uncertainties up to ∼2 times smaller with SPT-3G data, compared to Planck, with the two data sets measuring significantly different angular scales and polarization levels, providing additional tests of the standard cosmological model.
Published: 2024
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3. Flaring Stars in a Nontargeted Millimeter-wave Survey with SPT-3G

Author: C. Tandoi, S. Guns, A. Foster, P. A. R. Ade, A. J. Anderson, B. Ansarinejad, M. Archipley, L. Balkenhol, K. Benabed, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, F. R. Bouchet, L. Bryant, E. Camphuis, J. E. Carlstrom, T. W. Cecil, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, P. M. Chichura, T.-L. Chou, A. Coerver, T. M. Crawford, A. Cukierman, C. Daley, T. de Haan, K. R. Dibert, M. A. Dobbs, A. Doussot, D. Dutcher, W. Everett, C. Feng, K. R. Ferguson, K. Fichman, S. Galli, A. E. Gambrel, R. W. Gardner, F. Ge, N. Goeckner-Wald, R. Gualtieri, F. Guidi, N. W. Halverson, E. Hivon, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. C. Hood, N. Huang, F. Kéruzoré, L. Knox, M. Korman, K. Kornoelje, C.-L. Kuo, A. T. Lee, K. Levy, A. E. Lowitz, C. Lu, A. Maniyar, F. Menanteau, M. Millea, J. Montgomery, Y. Moon, Y. Nakato, T. Natoli, G. I. Noble, V. Novosad, Y. Omori, S. Padin, Z. Pan, P. Paschos, K. A. Phadke, K. Prabhu, Z. Qu, W. Quan, M. Rahimi, A. Rahlin, C. L. Reichardt, C. Reuter, M. Rouble, J. E. Ruhl, E. Schiappucci, G. Smecher, J. A. Sobrin, A. A. Stark, J. Stephen, A. Suzuki, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, C. Trendafilova, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, J. D. Vieira, Y. Wan, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, M. R. Young, and J. A. Zebrowski
Subjects: Millimeter astronomy, Transient detection, Transient sources, Flare stars, Stellar flares, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We present a flare star catalog from 4 yr of nontargeted millimeter-wave survey data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). The data were taken with the SPT-3G camera and cover a 1500 deg ^2 region of the sky from 20 ^h 40 ^m 0 ^s to 3 ^h 20 ^m 0 ^s in right ascension and from −42° to −70° in declination. This region was observed on a nearly daily cadence from 2019 to 2022 and chosen to avoid the plane of the galaxy. A short-duration transient search of this survey yields 111 flaring events from 66 stars, increasing the number of both flaring events and detected flare stars by an order of magnitude from the previous SPT-3G data release. We provide cross-matching to Gaia DR3, as well as matches to X-ray point sources found in the second ROSAT all-sky survey. We have detected flaring stars across the main sequence, from early-type A stars to M dwarfs, as well as a large population of evolved stars. These stars are mostly nearby, spanning 10–1000 pc in distance. Most of the flare spectral indices are constant or gently rising as a function of frequency at 95/150/220 GHz. The timescale of these events can range from minutes to hours, and the peak ν L _ν luminosities range from 10 ^27 to 10 ^31 erg s ^−1 in the SPT-3G frequency bands.
Published: 2024
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4. Simultaneous Millimeter-wave, Gamma-Ray, and Optical Monitoring of the Blazar PKS 2326-502 during a Flaring State

Author: J. C. Hood II, A. Simpson, A. McDaniel, A. Foster, P. A. R. Ade, M. Ajello, A. J. Anderson, J. E. Austermann, J. A. Beall, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, H. C. Chiang, T-L. Chou, R. Citron, C. Corbett Moran, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. Everett, J. Gallicchio, E. M. George, N. Gupta, N. W. Halverson, G. C. Hilton, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, L. Knox, A. T. Lee, D. Li, A. Lowitz, G. Madejski, M. Malkan, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, J. Montgomery, T. Natoli, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, Y. Omori, S. Padin, S. Patil, C. Pryke, C. L. Reichardt, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, K. K. Schaffer, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, A. A. Stark, C. Tucker, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, J. A. Zebrowski, and L. Zhang
Subjects: Active galactic nuclei, Blazars, Millimeter astronomy, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Including millimeter-wave data in multiwavelength studies of the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) can provide insights into AGN physics that are not easily accessible at other wavelengths. We demonstrate in this work the potential of cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescopes to provide long-term, high-cadence millimeter-wave AGN monitoring over large fractions of sky. We report on a pilot study using data from the SPTpol instrument on the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which was designed to observe the CMB at arcminute and larger angular scales. Between 2013 and 2016, SPTpol was used primarily to observe a single 500 deg ^2 field, covering the entire field several times per day with detectors sensitive to radiation in bands centered at 95 and 150 GHz. We use SPT 150 GHz observations to create AGN light curves, and we compare these millimeter-wave light curves to those at other wavelengths, in particular γ -ray and optical. In this Letter, we focus on a single source, PKS 2326-502, which has extensive, day-timescale monitoring data in gamma-ray, optical, and now millimeter-wave between 2013 and 2016. We find PKS 2326-502 to be in a flaring state in the first 2 yr of this monitoring, and we present a search for evidence of correlated variability between millimeter-wave, optical R- band, and γ -ray observations. This pilot study is paving the way for AGN monitoring with current and upcoming CMB experiments such as SPT-3G, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4, including multiwavelength studies with facilities such as Vera C. Rubin Observatories Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Published: 2023
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5. A demonstration of improved constraints on primordial gravitational waves with delensing

Author: P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, A. J. Anderson, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva, D. Barkats, R. Basu Thakur, J. A. Beall, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, C. A. Bischoff, L. E. Bleem, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, J. R. Cheshire, H. C. Chiang, T-L. Chou, R. Citron, J. Connors, C. Corbett Moran, J. Cornelison, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, M. Crumrine, A. Cukierman, T. de Haan, M. Dierickx, M. A. Dobbs, L. Duband, W. Everett, S. Fatigoni, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, J. Gallicchio, E. M. George, T. St. Germaine, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. C. Goldfinger, J. Grayson, N. Gupta, G. Hall, M. Halpern, N. W. Halverson, S. Harrison, S. Henderson, J. W. Henning, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, L. Knox, J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, K. Lau, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, D. Li, A. Lowitz, A. Manzotti, J. J. McMahon, K. G. Megerian, S. S. Meyer, M. Millea, L. M. Mocanu, L. Moncelsi, J. Montgomery, A. Nadolski, T. Namikawa, T. Natoli, C. B. Netterfield, H. T. Nguyen, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, R. O’Brient, R. W. Ogburn, Y. Omori, S. Padin, S. Palladino, S. Patil, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, C. L. Reichardt, C. D. Reintsema, S. Richter, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, K. K. Schaffer, A. Schillaci, B. L. Schmitt, R. Schwarz, C. D. Sheehy, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, A. Soliman, A. A. Stark, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Umiltà, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, G. Wang, A. C. Weber, N. Whitehorn, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, V. Yefremenko, K. W. Yoon, E. Young, C. Yu, L. Zeng, and C. Zhang
Published: 2021
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6. A Constraint on Primordial B-modes from the First Flight of the Spider Balloon-borne Telescope

Author: P. A. R. Ade, M. Amiri, S. J. Benton, A. S. Bergman, R. Bihary, J. J. Bock, J. R. Bond, J. A. Bonetti, S. A. Bryan, H. C. Chiang, C. R. Contaldi, O. Doré, A. J. Duivenvoorden, H. K. Eriksen, M. Farhang, J. P. Filippini, A. A. Fraisse, K. Freese, M. Galloway, A. E. Gambrel, N. N. Gandilo, K. Ganga, R. Gualtieri, J. E. Gudmundsson, M. Halpern, J. Hartley, M. Hasselfield, G. Hilton, W. Holmes, V. V. Hristov, Z. Huang, K. D. Irwin, W. C. Jones, A. Karakci, C. L. Kuo, Z. D. Kermish, J. S.-Y. Leung, S. Li, D. S. Y. Mak, P. V. Mason, K. Megerian, L. Moncelsi, T. A. Morford, J. M. Nagy, C. B. Netterfield, M. Nolta, R. O’Brient, B. Osherson, I. L. Padilla, B. Racine, A. S. Rahlin, C. Reintsema, J. E. Ruhl, M. C. Runyan, T. M. Ruud, J. A. Shariff, E. C. Shaw, C. Shiu, J. D. Soler, X. Song, A. Trangsrud, C. Tucker, R. S. Tucker, A. D. Turner, J. F. van der List, A. C. Weber, I. K. Wehus, S. Wen, D. V. Wiebe, and E. Y. Young
Published: 2022
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7. In-Flight Gain Monitoring of SPIDER’s Transition-Edge Sensor Arrays

Author: J. P. Filippini, A. E. Gambrel, A. S. Rahlin, E. Y. Young, P. A. R. Ade, M. Amiri, S. J. Benton, A. S. Bergman, R. Bihary, J. J. Bock, J. R. Bond, J. A. Bonetti, S. A. Bryan, H. C. Chiang, C. R. Contaldi, O. Doré, A. J. Duivenvoorden, H. K. Eriksen, M. Farhang, A. A. Fraisse, K. Freese, M. Galloway, N. N. Gandilo, K. Ganga, R. Gualtieri, J. E. Gudmundsson, M. Halpern, J. Hartley, M. Hasselfield, G. Hilton, W. Holmes, V. V. Hristov, Z. Huang, K. D. Irwin, W. C. Jones, A. Karakci, C. L. Kuo, Z. D. Kermish, J. S.- Y. Leung, S. Li, D. S. Y. Mak, P. V. Mason, K. Megerian, L. Moncelsi, T. A. Morford, J. M. Nagy, C. B. Netterfield, M. Nolta, R. O’Brient, B. Osherson, I. L. Padilla, B. Racine, C. Reintsema, J. E. Ruhl, M. C. Runyan, T. M. Ruud, J. A. Shariff, E. C. Shaw, C. Shiu, J. D. Soler, X. Song, A. Trangsrud, C. Tucker, R. S. Tucker, A. D. Turner, J. F. van der List, A. C. Weber, I. K. Wehus, S. Wen, D. V. Wiebe, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Transition edge sensor, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cosmic microwave background
Abstract: Experiments deploying large arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs) often require a robust method to monitor gain variations with minimal loss of observing time. We propose a sensitive and non-intrusive method for monitoring variations in TES responsivity using small square waves applied to the TES bias. We construct an estimator for a TES's small-signal power response from its electrical response that is exact in the limit of strong electrothermal feedback. We discuss the application and validation of this method using flight data from SPIDER, a balloon-borne telescope that observes the polarization of the cosmic microwave background with more than 2000 TESs. This method may prove useful for future balloon- and space-based instruments, where observing time and ground control bandwidth are limited., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures; Proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors (LTD19); Minor updates to match published version
Published: 2022

8. The SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey

Author: L. E. Bleem, S. Bocquet, B. Stalder, M. D. Gladders, P. A. R. Ade, S. W. Allen, A. J. Anderson, J. Annis, M. L. N. Ashby, J. E. Austermann, S. Avila, J. S. Avva, M. Bayliss, J. A. Beall, K. Bechtol, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, E. Bertin, F. Bianchini, C. Blake, M. Brodwin, D. Brooks, E. Buckley-Geer, D. L. Burke, J. E. Carlstrom, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, C. L. Chang, H. C. Chiang, R. Citron, C. Corbett Moran, M. Costanzi, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, L. N. da Costa, T. de Haan, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, H. T. Diehl, J. P. Dietrich, M. A. Dobbs, T. F. Eifler, W. Everett, B. Flaugher, B. Floyd, J. Frieman, J. Gallicchio, J. García-Bellido, E. M. George, D. W. Gerdes, A. Gilbert, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, J. Gschwend, N. Gupta, G. Gutierrez, N. W. Halverson, N. Harrington, J. W. Henning, C. Heymans, G. P. Holder, D. L. Hollowood, W. L. Holzapfel, K. Honscheid, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, D. J. James, T. Jeltema, S. Joudaki, G. Khullar, M. Klein, L. Knox, N. Kuropatkin, A. T. Lee, D. Li, C. Lidman, A. Lowitz, N. MacCrann, G. Mahler, M. A. G. Maia, J. L. Marshall, M. McDonald, J. J. McMahon, P. Melchior, F. Menanteau, S. S. Meyer, R. Miquel, L. M. Mocanu, J. J. Mohr, J. Montgomery, A. Nadolski, T. Natoli, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, S. Padin, A. Palmese, D. Parkinson, S. Patil, F. Paz-Chinchón, A. A. Plazas, C. Pryke, N. S. Ramachandra, C. L. Reichardt, J. D. Remolina González, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, J. E. Ruhl, E. S. Rykoff, B. R. Saliwanchik, E. Sanchez, A. Saro, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, T. Schrabback, S. Serrano, K. Sharon, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, M. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, A. A. Stark, K. T. Story, E. Suchyta, G. Tarle, C. Tucker, K. Vanderlinde, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, J. Weller, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, and Y. Zhang
Published: 2020
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9. Galaxy Clusters Selected via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect in the SPTpol 100-square-degree Survey

Author: N. Huang, L. E. Bleem, B. Stalder, P. A. R. Ade, S. W. Allen, A. J. Anderson, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva, J. A. Beall, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, S. Bocquet, M. Brodwin, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, H. C. Chiang, R. Citron, C. Corbett Moran, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. Everett, B. Floyd, J. Gallicchio, E. M. George, A. Gilbert, M. D. Gladders, S. Guns, N. Gupta, N. W. Halverson, N. Harrington, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. D. Hrubes, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, G. Khullar, L. Knox, A. T. Lee, D. Li, A. Lowitz, M. McDonald, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, L. M. Mocanu, J. Montgomery, A. Nadolski, T. Natoli, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, S. Padin, S. Patil, C. Pryke, C. L. Reichardt, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, A. Saro, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, K. Sharon, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, A. A. Stark, K. T. Story, C. Tucker, K. Vanderlinde, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, and V. Yefremenko
Published: 2020
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10. Improving Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Cluster Number Counts with CMB-cluster-lensing Data: Results from the SPT-SZ Survey and Forecasts for the Future

Author: P. S. Chaubal, C. L. Reichardt, N. Gupta, B. Ansarinejad, K. Aylor, L. Balkenhol, E. J. Baxter, F. Bianchini, B. A. Benson, L. E. Bleem, S. Bocquet, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. B. Everett, B. Floyd, E. M. George, N. W. Halverson, W. L. Holzapfel, J. D. Hrubes, L. Knox, A. T. Lee, D. Luong-Van, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, L. M. Mocanu, J. J. Mohr, T. Natoli, S. Padin, C. Pryke, J. E. Ruhl, F. Ruppin, L. Salvati, A. Saro, K. K. Schaffer, E. Shirokoff, Z. Staniszewski, A. A. Stark, J. D. Vieira, R. Williamson, Chaubal, P. S., Reichardt, C. L., Gupta, N., Ansarinejad, B., Aylor, K., Balkenhol, L., Baxter, E. J., Bianchini, F., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Bocquet, S., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., de Haan, T., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W. B., Floyd, B., George, E. M., Halverson, N. W., Holzapfel, W. L., Hrubes, J. D., Knox, L., Lee, A. T., Luong-Van, D., Mcmahon, J. J., Meyer, S. S., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Natoli, T., Padin, S., Pryke, C., Ruhl, J. E., Ruppin, F., Salvati, L., Saro, A., Schaffer, K. K., Shirokoff, E., Staniszewski, Z., Stark, A. A., Vieira, J. D., and Williamson, R.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We show the improvement to cosmological constraints from galaxy cluster surveys with the addition of CMB-cluster lensing data. We explore the cosmological implications of adding mass information from the 3.1$\sigma$ detection of gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by galaxy clusters to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) selected galaxy cluster sample from the 2500 deg$^2$ SPT-SZ survey and targeted optical and X-ray followup data. In the $\Lambda$CDM model, the combination of the cluster sample with the Planck power spectrum measurements prefers $\sigma_8 \left(\Omega_m/0.3 \right)^{0.5} = 0.831 \pm 0.020$. Adding the cluster data reduces the uncertainty on this quantity by a factor of 1.4, which is unchanged whether or not the 3.1$\sigma$ CMB-cluster lensing measurement is included. We then forecast the impact of CMB-cluster lensing measurements with future cluster catalogs. Adding CMB-cluster lensing measurements to the SZ cluster catalog of the on-going SPT-3G survey is expected to improve the expected constraint on the dark energy equation of state $w$ by a factor of 1.3 to $\sigma(w) = 0.19$. We find the largest improvements from CMB-cluster lensing measurements to be for $\sigma_8$, where adding CMB-cluster lensing data to the cluster number counts reduces the expected uncertainty on $\sigma_8$ by factors of 2.4 and 3.6 for SPT-3G and CMB-S4 respectively., Comment: Comments are welcome
Published: 2022

11. Hemispherical variance anomaly and reionization optical depth

Author: Johanna Nagy, Glenn D. Starkman, J. E. Ruhl, C. Barth Netterfield, Craig J. Copi, and Márcio O'Dwyer
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Ecliptic, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Asymmetry, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, Planck, Reionization, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: CMB full-sky temperature data show a hemispherical asymmetry in power nearly aligned with the Ecliptic. In real space, this anomaly can be quantified by the temperature variance in the northern and southern Ecliptic hemispheres, with the north displaying an anomalously low variance while the south appears consistent with expectations from the best-fitting theory, LCDM. While this is a well-established result in temperature, the low signal-to-noise ratio in current polarization data prevents a similar comparison. Even though temperature and polarization are correlated, polarization realizations constrained by temperature data show that the lack of variance is not expected to be present in polarization data. Therefore, a natural way of testing whether the temperature result is a fluke is to measure the variance of CMB polarization components. In anticipation of future CMB experiments that will allow for high-precision large-scale polarization measurements, we study how variance of polarization depends on LCDM parameters' uncertainties by forecasting polarization maps with Planck's MCMC chains. We find that, unlike temperature variance, polarization variance is noticeably sensitive to present uncertainties in cosmological parameters. This comes mainly from the current poor constraints on the reionization optical depth, tau, and the fact that tau drives variance at low multipoles. In this work we show how the variance of polarization maps generically depends on the cosmological parameters. We demonstrate how the improvement in the tau measurement seen between Planck's two latest data releases results in a tighter constraint on polarization variance expectations. Finally, we consider even smaller uncertainties on tau and how more precise measurements of tau can drive the expectation for polarization variance in a hemisphere close to that of the cosmic-variance-limited distribution.
Published: 2020

12. On-Sky Performance of the SPT-3G Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout

Author: J. A. Sobrin, Thomas Cecil, E. V. Denison, S. S. Meyer, Kent D. Irwin, Peter A. R. Ade, W. L. Holzapfel, K. T. Story, K. Vanderlinde, A. E. Lowitz, V. Novosad, Donna Kubik, Aled Jones, John E. Carlstrom, G. I. Noble, Lincoln Bryant, Jason W. Henning, T. de Haan, Ki Won Yoon, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Nathan Whitehorn, Zeeshan Ahmed, T. Natoli, N. L. Harrington, Gene C. Hilton, Robert Gardner, Amy N. Bender, Carole Tucker, Jason Gallicchio, E. M. Leitch, C. L. Chang, A. E. Gambrel, W. B. Everett, A. Foster, Adrian T. Lee, D. Howe, D. Dutcher, Antony A. Stark, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, J. E. Ruhl, J. Stephen, Trupti Khaire, D. Riebel, Bradford Benson, J. F. Cliche, Joshua Montgomery, H. M. Cho, Ari Cukierman, Graeme Smecher, Z. Pan, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Matt Dobbs, K. R. Ferguson, Faustin Carter, Andrew Nadolski, Junjia Ding, Adam Anderson, M. R. Young, N. W. Halverson, Leila R. Vale, Oliver Jeong, Chao-Lin Kuo, Keith L. Thompson, John Groh, Karen Byrum, John E. Pearson, P. Paschos, N. Huang, A. Gilbert, J. Fu, A. M. Kofman, Jessica Avva, R. Guyser, Stephen Padin, C. M. Posada, Steve Kuhlmann, Joaquin Vieira, S. Guns, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, W. Quan, Erik Shirokoff, Peter S. Barry, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, H. T. Nguyen, M. Korman, and J. T. Sayre
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Noise (electronics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), White noise, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Frequency domain, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Voltage
Abstract: Frequency-domain multiplexing (fMux) is an established technique for the readout of large arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each TES in a multiplexing module has a unique AC voltage bias that is selected by a resonant filter. This scheme enables the operation and readout of multiple bolometers on a single pair of wires, reducing thermal loading onto sub-Kelvin stages. The current receiver on the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, uses a 68x fMux system to operate its large-format camera of $\sim$16,000 TES bolometers. We present here the successful implementation and performance of the SPT-3G readout as measured on-sky. Characterization of the noise reveals a median pair-differenced 1/f knee frequency of 33 mHz, indicating that low-frequency noise in the readout will not limit SPT-3G's measurements of sky power on large angular scales. Measurements also show that the median readout white noise level in each of the SPT-3G observing bands is below the expectation for photon noise, demonstrating that SPT-3G is operating in the photon-noise-dominated regime., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics: LTD18 Special Edition
Published: 2019

13. Optimal Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing Reconstruction and Parameter Estimation with SPTpol Data

Author: M. Millea, C. M. Daley, T-L. Chou, E. Anderes, P. A. R. Ade, A. J. Anderson, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva, J. A. Beall, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, H. C. Chiang, R. Citron, C. Corbett Moran, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. Everett, J. Gallicchio, E. M. George, N. Goeckner-Wald, S. Guns, N. Gupta, N. W. Halverson, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, L. Knox, A. T. Lee, D. Li, A. Lowitz, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, L. M. Mocanu, J. Montgomery, T. Natoli, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, Y. Omori, S. Padin, S. Patil, C. Pryke, C. L. Reichardt, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, K. K. Schaffer, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, A. A. Stark, B. Thorne, C. Tucker, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, and V. Yefremenko
Subjects: 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract: We perform the first simultaneous Bayesian parameter inference and optimal reconstruction of the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), using 100 deg2 of polarization observations from the SPTpol receiver on the South Pole Telescope. These data reach noise levels as low as 5.8 μK arcmin in polarization, which are low enough that the typically used quadratic estimator (QE) technique for analyzing CMB lensing is significantly suboptimal. Conversely, the Bayesian procedure extracts all lensing information from the data and is optimal at any noise level. We infer the amplitude of the gravitational lensing potential to be A ϕ = 0.949 ± 0.122 using the Bayesian pipeline, consistent with our QE pipeline result, but with 17% smaller error bars. The Bayesian analysis also provides a simple way to account for systematic uncertainties, performing a similar job as frequentist “bias hardening” or linear bias correction, and reducing the systematic uncertainty on A ϕ due to polarization calibration from almost half of the statistical error to effectively zero. Finally, we jointly constrain A ϕ along with A L, the amplitude of lensing-like effects on the CMB power spectra, demonstrating that the Bayesian method can be used to easily infer parameters both from an optimal lensing reconstruction and from the delensed CMB, while exactly accounting for the correlation between the two. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the Bayesian approach on real data, and pave the way for future analysis of deep CMB polarization measurements with SPT-3G, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4, where improvements relative to the QE can reach 1.5 times tighter constraints on A ϕ and seven times lower effective lensing reconstruction noise.
Published: 2021

14. Shocks in the Stacked Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Profiles of Clusters II: Measurements from SPT-SZ + Planck Compton-y Map

Author: D Anbajagane, C Chang, B Jain, S Adhikari, E J Baxter, B A Benson, L E Bleem, S Bocquet, M S Calzadilla, J E Carlstrom, C L Chang, R Chown, T M Crawford, A T Crites, W Cui, T de Haan, L Di Mascolo, M A Dobbs, W B Everett, E M George, S Grandis, N W Halverson, G P Holder, W L Holzapfel, J D Hrubes, A T Lee, D Luong-Van, M A McDonald, J J McMahon, S S Meyer, M Millea, L M Mocanu, J J Mohr, T Natoli, Y Omori, S Padin, C Pryke, C L Reichardt, J E Ruhl, A Saro, K K Schaffer, E Shirokoff, Z Staniszewski, A A Stark, J D Vieira, R Williamson, Anbajagane, D., Chang, C., Jain, B., Adhikari, S., Baxter, E. J., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Bocquet, S., Calzadilla, M. S., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Chown, R., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., Cui, W., De Haan, T., Di Mascolo, L., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W. B., George, E. M., Grandis, S., Halverson, N. W., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hrubes, J. D., Lee, A. T., Luong-Van, D., Mcdonald, M. A., Mcmahon, J. J., Meyer, S. S., Millea, M., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Natoli, T., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Saro, A., Schaffer, K. K., Shirokoff, E., Staniszewski, Z., Stark, A. A., Vieira, J. D., and Williamson, R.
Subjects: Galaxies clusters intracluster medium, Large-scale structure of Universe, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Space and Planetary Science, clusters: intracluster medium [galaxies], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, large-scale structure of Universe, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We search for the signature of cosmological shocks in stacked gas pressure profiles of galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). Specifically, we stack the latest Compton-y maps from the 2500 deg^2 SPT-SZ survey on the locations of clusters identified in that same dataset. The sample contains 516 clusters with mean mass = 1e14.9 msol and redshift = 0.55. We analyze in parallel a set of zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations from The Three Hundred project. The SPT-SZ data show two features: (i) a pressure deficit at R/R200m = $1.08 \pm 0.09$, measured at $3.1\sigma$ significance and not observed in the simulations, and; (ii) a sharp decrease in pressure at R/R200m = $4.58 \pm 1.24$ at $2.0\sigma$ significance. The pressure deficit is qualitatively consistent with a shock-induced thermal non-equilibrium between electrons and ions, and the second feature is consistent with accretion shocks seen in previous studies. We split the cluster sample by redshift and mass, and find both features exist in all cases. There are also no significant differences in features along and across the cluster major axis, whose orientation roughly points towards filamentary structure. As a consistency test, we also analyze clusters from the Planck and Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter surveys and find quantitatively similar features in the pressure profiles. Finally, we compare the accretion shock radius (Rsh_acc) with existing measurements of the splashback radius (Rsp) for SPT-SZ and constrain the lower limit of the ratio, Rsh_acc/Rsp > $2.16 \pm 0.59$., Comment: [v1]: 8 Figures, 16 Pages in Main text. [v2]: Added text to discussion. Version accepted in MNRAS
Published: 2021

15. Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope

Author: P. M. Chichura, A. Foster, C. Patel, N. Ossa-Jaen, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, A. J. Anderson, M. Archipley, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva, L. Balkenhol, P. S. Barry, R. Basu Thakur, J. A. Beall, K. Benabed, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, F. R. Bouchet, L. Bryant, K. Byrum, J. E. Carlstrom, F. W. Carter, T. W. Cecil, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, G. Chen, H. C. Chiang, H.-M. Cho, T-L. Chou, R. Citron, J.-F. Cliche, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, A. Cukierman, C. M. Daley, E. V. Denison, K. Dibert, J. Ding, M. A. Dobbs, D. Dutcher, W. Everett, C. Feng, K. R. Ferguson, J. Fu, S. Galli, J. Gallicchio, A. E. Gambrel, R. W. Gardner, E. M. George, N. Goeckner-Wald, R. Gualtieri, S. Guns, N. Gupta, R. Guyser, T. de Haan, N. W. Halverson, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, N. L. Harrington, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, E. Hivon, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. C. Hood, D. Howe, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, O. B. Jeong, M. Jonas, A. Jones, T. S. Khaire, L. Knox, A. M. Kofman, M. Korman, D. L. Kubik, S. Kuhlmann, C.-L. Kuo, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, D. Li, A. Lowitz, C. Lu, D. P. Marrone, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, D. Michalik, M. Millea, L. M. Mocanu, J. Montgomery, C. Corbett Moran, A. Nadolski, T. Natoli, H. Nguyen, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, Y. Omori, S. Padin, Z. Pan, P. Paschos, S. Patil, J. Pearson, K. A. Phadke, C. M. Posada, K. Prabhu, C. Pryke, W. Quan, A. Rahlin, C. L. Reichardt, D. Riebel, B. Riedel, M. Rouble, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, E. Schiappucci, E. Shirokoff, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, J. A. Sobrin, A. Springmann, A. A. Stark, J. Stephen, K. T. Story, A. Suzuki, C. Tandoi, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, L. R. Vale, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, K. W. Yoon, and M. R. Young
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the first measurements of asteroids in millimeter wavelength (mm) data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which is used primarily to study the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We analyze maps of two $\sim270$ deg$^2$ sky regions near the ecliptic plane, each observed with the SPTpol camera $\sim100$ times over one month. We subtract the mean of all maps of a given field, removing static sky signal, and then average the mean-subtracted maps at known asteroid locations. We detect three asteroids$\text{ -- }$(324) Bamberga, (13) Egeria, and (22) Kalliope$\text{ -- }$with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 11.2, 10.4, and 6.1, respectively, at 2.0 mm (150 GHz); we also detect (324) Bamberga with S/N of 4.1 at 3.2 mm (95 GHz). We place constraints on these asteroids' effective emissivities, brightness temperatures, and light curve modulation amplitude. Our flux density measurements of (324) Bamberga and (13) Egeria roughly agree with predictions, while our measurements of (22) Kalliope suggest lower flux, corresponding to effective emissivities of $0.66 \pm 0.11$ at 2.0 mm and $, 21 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2022

16. Measurements of the E -mode polarization and temperature- E -mode correlation of the CMB from SPT-3G 2018 data

Author: Faustin Carter, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, J. C. Hood, A. T. Lee, M. Millea, Erik Shirokoff, Oliver Jeong, N. W. Halverson, Thomas Cecil, John E. Pearson, G. I. Noble, John E. Carlstrom, E. V. Denison, B. Thorne, K. Prabhu, C. L. Kuo, François R. Bouchet, M. Korman, Federico Bianchini, K. Dibert, S. Padin, Ethan Anderes, Neil Goeckner-Wald, D. Riebel, J. E. Ruhl, Jason W. Henning, Nikhel Gupta, N. Huang, M. Rouble, M. Jonas, RB Thakur, K. L. Thompson, J. T. Sayre, C. Tucker, A. A. Stark, A. Lowitz, M. A. Dobbs, N. L. Harrington, Z. Pan, Karen Byrum, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, C. Lu, Srinivasan Raghunathan, B. Riedel, C. L. Chang, A. Cukierman, Andreas Bender, Z. Ahmed, K. Aylor, E. M. Leitch, Alexandra S. Rahlin, S. Guns, J. A. Sobrin, K. W. Yoon, D. Howe, P. Chaubal, Young, Graeme Smecher, C. Umilta, J. F. Cliche, T. de Haan, Silvia Galli, H. Nguyen, Lloyd Knox, T. Natoli, K. Vanderlinde, T. M. Crawford, J. Fu, P. Paschos, S. S. Meyer, Christian L. Reichardt, H-M. Cho, L. R. Vale, A. Foster, K. T. Story, Karim Benabed, E. Hivon, E. Schiappucci, Anthony P. Jones, Andrew Nadolski, Lindsey Bleem, Jessica Avva, Peter S. Barry, L. Balkenhol, Bradford Benson, Yefremenko, R. Guyser, R. Gualtieri, C. M. Posada, Chang Feng, G. P. Holder, A. M. Kofman, Daniel Michalik, Novosad, J. D. Vieira, C. Daley, Gensheng Wang, W. L. Holzapfel, W. Quan, K. R. Ferguson, Adam Anderson, Gang Chen, Nathan Whitehorn, Robert Gardner, M. Archipley, Y. Omori, A. Suzuki, Lincoln Bryant, D. Dutcher, T.-L. Chou, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, J. Stephen, A. E. Gambrel, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. K. Wu, Donna Kubik, P. A. R. Ade, and W. B. Everett
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmic microwave background, Spectral density, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Gravitational lens, South Pole Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Planck, Multipole expansion, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: We present measurements of the $E$-mode ($EE$) polarization power spectrum and temperature-$E$-mode ($TE$) cross-power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background using data collected by SPT-3G, the latest instrument installed on the South Pole Telescope. This analysis uses observations of a 1500 deg$^2$ region at 95, 150, and 220 GHz taken over a four month period in 2018. We report binned values of the $EE$ and $TE$ power spectra over the angular multipole range $300 \le \ell < 3000$, using the multifrequency data to construct six semi-independent estimates of each power spectrum and their minimum-variance combination. These measurements improve upon the previous results of SPTpol across the multipole ranges $300 \le \ell \le 1400$ for $EE$ and $300 \le \ell \le 1700$ for $TE$, resulting in constraints on cosmological parameters comparable to those from other current leading ground-based experiments. We find that the SPT-3G dataset is well-fit by a $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model with parameter constraints consistent with those from Planck and SPTpol data. From SPT-3G data alone, we find $H_0 = 68.8 \pm 1.5 \mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ and $\sigma_8 = 0.789 \pm 0.016$, with a gravitational lensing amplitude consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM prediction ($A_L = 0.98 \pm 0.12$). We combine the SPT-3G and the Planck datasets and obtain joint constraints on the $\Lambda$CDM model. The volume of the 68% confidence region in six-dimensional $\Lambda$CDM parameter space is reduced by a factor of 1.5 compared to Planck-only constraints, with only slight shifts in central values. We note that the results presented here are obtained from data collected during just half of a typical observing season with only part of the focal plane operable, and that the active detector count has since nearly doubled for observations made with SPT-3G after 2018.
Published: 2021

17. The Design and Integrated Performance of SPT-3G

Author: J. A. Sobrin, A. J. Anderson, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, D. Dutcher, A. Foster, N. Goeckner-Wald, J. Montgomery, A. Nadolski, A. Rahlin, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, E. Anderes, M. Archipley, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva, K. Aylor, L. Balkenhol, P. S. Barry, R. Basu Thakur, K. Benabed, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, F. R. Bouchet, L. Bryant, K. Byrum, J. E. Carlstrom, F. W. Carter, T. W. Cecil, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, G. Chen, H.-M. Cho, T.-L. Chou, J.-F. Cliche, T. M. Crawford, A. Cukierman, C. Daley, T. de Haan, E. V. Denison, K. Dibert, J. Ding, M. A. Dobbs, W. Everett, C. Feng, K. R. Ferguson, J. Fu, S. Galli, A. E. Gambrel, R. W. Gardner, R. Gualtieri, S. Guns, N. Gupta, R. Guyser, N. W. Halverson, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, N. L. Harrington, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, E. Hivon, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. C. Hood, D. Howe, N. Huang, K. D. Irwin, O. B. Jeong, M. Jonas, A. Jones, T. S. Khaire, L. Knox, A. M. Kofman, M. Korman, D. L. Kubik, S. Kuhlmann, C.-L. Kuo, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, A. E. Lowitz, C. Lu, S. S. Meyer, D. Michalik, M. Millea, T. Natoli, H. Nguyen, G. I. Noble, V. Novosad, Y. Omori, S. Padin, Z. Pan, P. Paschos, J. Pearson, C. M. Posada, K. Prabhu, W. Quan, C. L. Reichardt, D. Riebel, B. Riedel, M. Rouble, J. E. Ruhl, B. Saliwanchik, J. T. Sayre, E. Schiappucci, E. Shirokoff, G. Smecher, A. A. Stark, J. Stephen, K. T. Story, A. Suzuki, C. Tandoi, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, L. R. Vale, K. Vanderlinde, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, K. W. Yoon, M. R. Young, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and SPT-3G
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 7. Clean energy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: SPT-3G is the third survey receiver operating on the South Pole Telescope dedicated to high-resolution observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Sensitive measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB provide a powerful dataset for constraining cosmology. Additionally, CMB surveys with arcminute-scale resolution are capable of detecting galaxy clusters, millimeter-wave bright galaxies, and a variety of transient phenomena. The SPT-3G instrument provides a significant improvement in mapping speed over its predecessors, SPT-SZ and SPTpol. The broadband optics design of the instrument achieves a 430 mm diameter image plane across observing bands of 95 GHz, 150 GHz, and 220 GHz, with 1.2 arcmin FWHM beam response at 150 GHz. In the receiver, this image plane is populated with 2690 dual-polarization, tri-chroic pixels (~16000 detectors) read out using a 68X digital frequency-domain multiplexing readout system. In 2018, SPT-3G began a multiyear survey of 1500 deg$^{2}$ of the southern sky. We summarize the unique optical, cryogenic, detector, and readout technologies employed in SPT-3G, and we report on the integrated performance of the instrument., Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS
Published: 2021

18. Performance of Al–Mn Transition-Edge Sensor Bolometers in SPT-3G

Author: M. Korman, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, J. E. Ruhl, H. M. Cho, Ari Cukierman, V. Novosad, Donna Kubik, C. L. Chang, A. E. Gambrel, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Matt Dobbs, K. Vanderlinde, Keith L. Thompson, D. Howe, M. R. Young, Karen Byrum, Thomas Cecil, R. Basu Thakur, Erik Shirokoff, P. Paschos, Aled Jones, Peter A. R. Ade, Zeeshan Ahmed, Amy N. Bender, Ki Won Yoon, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, K. T. Story, A. E. Lowitz, H. T. Nguyen, D. Dutcher, Antony A. Stark, J. A. Sobrin, J. Stephen, Jason Gallicchio, Lincoln Bryant, Jason W. Henning, J. T. Sayre, S. S. Meyer, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Nathan Whitehorn, John E. Pearson, Peter S. Barry, N. L. Harrington, T. Natoli, Andrew Nadolski, Jessica Avva, G. I. Noble, Carole Tucker, R. Guyser, Stephen Padin, Trupti Khaire, N. Huang, A. Foster, Joshua Montgomery, A. Gilbert, C. M. Posada, Bradford Benson, Robert Gardner, J. F. Cliche, Steve Kuhlmann, Gene C. Hilton, Joaquin Vieira, Chao-Lin Kuo, S. Guns, Graeme Smecher, W. B. Everett, N. W. Halverson, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, John Groh, J. Fu, E. V. Denison, W. Quan, A. M. Kofman, M. Jonas, Leila R. Vale, Adrian T. Lee, Aritoki Suzuki, Faustin Carter, Junjia Ding, John E. Carlstrom, T. de Haan, E. M. Leitch, D. Riebel, Oliver Jeong, Z. Pan, K. R. Ferguson, and Adam Anderson
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Wafer, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract: SPT-3G is a polarization-sensitive receiver, installed on the South Pole Telescope, that measures the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from degree to arcminute scales. The receiver consists of ten 150~mm-diameter detector wafers, containing a total of 16,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers observing at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. During the 2018-2019 austral summer, one of these detector wafers was replaced by a new wafer fabricated with Al-Mn TESs instead of the Ti/Au design originally deployed for SPT-3G. We present the results of in-lab characterization and on-sky performance of this Al-Mn wafer, including electrical and thermal properties, optical efficiency measurements, and noise-equivalent temperature. In addition, we discuss and account for several calibration-related systematic errors that affect measurements made using frequency-domain multiplexing readout electronics., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics: LTD18 Special Edition
Published: 2019

19. Fractional polarization of extragalactic sources in the 500 deg2 SPTpol survey

Author: C. Sievers, J. T. Sayre, A. E. Lowitz, Jeff McMahon, Christian L. Reichardt, C. Corbett Moran, John E. Carlstrom, K. K. Schaffer, T. de Haan, V. G. Yefremenko, D. Luong-Van, Eric R. Switzer, Robert I. Citron, Dale Li, V. Novosad, Chihway Chang, A. T. Crites, Jessica Avva, C. Pryke, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. K. Wu, Johannes Hubmayr, R. Williamson, M. Archipley, Elizabeth George, N. Huang, John P. Nibarger, K. Vanderlinde, W. L. Holzapfel, A. A. Stark, J. D. Hrubes, Andrew Nadolski, H. C. Chiang, T. Natoli, T. Veach, Gene C. Hilton, Nikhel Gupta, W. B. Everett, G. I. Noble, Federico Bianchini, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, Peter A. R. Ade, S. S. Meyer, Lindsey Bleem, J. E. Ruhl, K. T. Story, Joseph J. Mohr, S. Patil, Chang Feng, M. A. Dobbs, G. P. Holder, Jason Gallicchio, Nathan Whitehorn, Jason W. Henning, Zhen Hou, L. Zhang, N. W. Halverson, N. L. Harrington, Joshua Montgomery, Erik Shirokoff, J. A. Beall, Benjamin Saliwanchik, Bradford Benson, Z. K. Staniszewski, Carole Tucker, Jason E. Austermann, Graeme Smecher, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, L. M. Mocanu, Daniel P. Marrone, S. Padin, Gensheng Wang, Andreas Bender, Joaquin Vieira, and T. M. Crawford
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Space and Planetary Science, Linear polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Full sample, Fractional polarization
Abstract: Author(s): Gupta, N; Reichardt, CL; Ade, PAR; Anderson, AJ; Archipley, M; Austermann, JE; Avva, JS; Beall, JA; Bender, AN; Benson, BA; Bianchini, F; Bleem, LE; Carlstrom, JE; Chang, CL; Chiang, HC; Citron, R; Corbett Moran, C; Crawford, TM; Crites, AT; de Haan, T; Dobbs, MA; Everett, W; Feng, C; Gallicchio, J; George, EM; Gilbert, A; Halverson, NW; Harrington, N; Henning, JW; Hilton, GC; Holder, GP; Holzapfel, WL; Hou, Z; Hrubes, JD; Huang, N; Hubmayr, J; Irwin, KD; Knox, L; Lee, AT; Li, D; Lowitz, A; Luong-Van, D; Marrone, DP; McMahon, JJ; Meyer, SS; Mocanu, LM; Mohr, JJ; Montgomery, J; Nadolski, A; Natoli, T; Nibarger, JP; Noble, GI; Novosad, V; Padin, S; Patil, S; Pryke, C; Ruhl, JE; Saliwanchik, BR; Sayre, JT; Schaffer, KK; Shirokoff, E; Sievers, C; Smecher, G; Staniszewski, Z; Stark, AA; Story, KT; Switzer, ER; Tucker, C; Vanderlinde, K; Veach, T; Vieira, JD; Wang, G; Whitehorn, N; Williamson, R; Wu, WLK; Yefremenko, V; Zhang, L | Abstract: We study the polarization properties of extragalactic sources at 95 and 150 GHz in the SPTpol 500 deg2 survey. We estimate the polarized power by stacking maps at known source positions, and correct for noise bias by subtracting the mean polarized power at random positions in the maps. We show that the method is unbiased using a set of simulated maps with similar noise properties to the real SPTpol maps. We find a flux-weighted mean-squared polarization fraction 〈p2〉= [8.9 ± 1.1] × 10−4 at 95 GHz and [6.9 ± 1.1] × 10−4 at 150 GHz for the full sample. This is consistent with the values obtained for a subsample of active galactic nuclei. For dusty sources, we find 95 per cent upper limits of 〈p2〉95 l 16.9 × 10−3 and 〈p2〉150 l 2.6 × 10−3. We find no evidence that the polarization fraction depends on the source flux or observing frequency. The 1σ upper limit on measured mean-squared polarization fraction at 150 GHz implies that extragalactic foregrounds will be subdominant to the CMB E and B mode polarization power spectra out to at least l ≲ 5700 (l ≲ 4700) and l ≲ 5300 (l ≲ 3600), respectively, at 95 (150) GHz.
Published: 2019

20. Combining Planck and SPT cluster catalogs: cosmological analysis and impact on Planck scaling relation calibration

Author: L. Salvati, A. Saro, S. Bocquet, M. Costanzi, B. Ansarinejad, B. A. Benson, L. E. Bleem, M. S. Calzadilla, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, R. Chown, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. B. Everett, B. Floyd, S. Grandis, E. M. George, N. W. Halverson, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. D. Hrubes, A. T. Lee, D. Luong-Van, M. McDonald, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, M. Millea, L. M. Mocanu, J. J. Mohr, T. Natoli, Y. Omori, S. Padin, C. Pryke, C. L. Reichardt, J. E. Ruhl, F. Ruppin, K. K. Schaffer, T. Schrabback, E. Shirokoff, Z. Staniszewski, A. A. Stark, J. D. Vieira, R. Williamson, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Salvati, L., Saro, A., Bocquet, S., Costanzi, M., Ansarinejad, B., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Calzadilla, M. S., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Chown, R., Crites, A. T., de Haan, T., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W. B., Floyd, B., Grandis, S., George, E. M., Halverson, N. W., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hrubes, J. D., Lee, A. T., Luong-Van, D., Mcdonald, M., Mcmahon, J. J., Meyer, S. S., Millea, M., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Natoli, T., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Ruppin, F., Schaffer, K. K., Schrabback, T., Shirokoff, E., Staniszewski, Z., Stark, A. A., Vieira, J. D., and Williamson, R.
Subjects: cluster of galaxies, cosmology, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cluster of galaxie, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We provide the first combined cosmological analysis of South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Planck cluster catalogs. The aim is to provide an independent calibration for Planck scaling relations, exploiting the cosmological constraining power of the SPT-SZ cluster catalog and its dedicated weak lensing (WL) and X-ray follow-up observations. We build a new version of the Planck cluster likelihood. In the $\nu \Lambda$CDM scenario, focusing on the mass slope and mass bias of Planck scaling relations, we find $\alpha_{\text{SZ}} = 1.49_{-0.10}^{+0.07}$ and $(1-b)_{\text{SZ}} = 0.69_{-0.14}^{+0.07}$ respectively. The results for the mass slope show a $\sim 4 \, \sigma$ departure from the self-similar evolution, $\alpha_{\text{SZ}} \sim 1.8$. This shift is mainly driven by the matter density value preferred by SPT data, $\Omega_m = 0.30 \pm 0.03$, lower than the one obtained by Planck data alone, $\Omega_m = 0.37_{-0.06}^{+0.02}$. The mass bias constraints are consistent both with outcomes of hydrodynamical simulations and external WL calibrations, $(1-b) \sim 0.8$, and with results required by the Planck cosmic microwave background cosmology, $(1-b) \sim 0.6$. From this analysis, we obtain a new catalog of Planck cluster masses $M_{500}$. We estimate the ratio between the published Planck $M_{\text{SZ}}$ masses and our derived masses $M_{500}$, as a "measured mass bias", $(1-b)_M$. We analyse the mass, redshift and detection noise dependence of $(1-b)_M$, finding an increasing trend towards high redshift and low mass. These results mimic the effect of departure from self-similarity in cluster evolution, showing different dependencies for the low-mass high-mass, low-z high-z regimes., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, the catalogs can be found at http://pole.uchicago.edu/public/data/sptplanck_cluster
Published: 2021
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21. A Simulation-Based Method for Correcting Mode Coupling in CMB Angular Power Spectra

Author: J. S.-Y. Leung, J. Hartley, J. M. Nagy, C. B. Netterfield, J. A. Shariff, P. A. R. Ade, M. Amiri, S. J. Benton, A. S. Bergman, R. Bihary, J. J. Bock, J. R. Bond, J. A. Bonetti, S. A. Bryan, H. C. Chiang, C. R. Contaldi, O. Doré, A. J. Duivenvoorden, H. K. Eriksen, M. Farhang, J. P. Filippini, A. A. Fraisse, K. Freese, M. Galloway, A. E. Gambrel, N. N. Gandilo, K. Ganga, R. Gualtieri, J. E. Gudmundsson, M. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, G. Hilton, W. Holmes, V. V. Hristov, Z. Huang, K. D. Irwin, W. C. Jones, A. Karakci, C. L. Kuo, Z. D. Kermish, S. Li, D. S. Y. Mak, P. V. Mason, K. Megerian, L. Moncelsi, T. A. Morford, M. Nolta, R. O’Brient, B. Osherson, I. L. Padilla, B. Racine, A. S. Rahlin, C. Reintsema, J. E. Ruhl, M. C. Runyan, T. M. Ruud, E. C. Shaw, C. Shiu, J. D. Soler, X. Song, A. Trangsrud, C. Tucker, R. S. Tucker, A. D. Turner, J. F. van der List, A. C. Weber, I. K. Wehus, S. Wen, D. V. Wiebe, E. Y. Young, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Modern CMB analysis pipelines regularly employ complex time-domain filters, beam models, masking, and other techniques during the production of sky maps and their corresponding angular power spectra. However, these processes can generate couplings between multipoles from the same spectrum and from different spectra, in addition to the typical power attenuation. Within the context of pseudo-$C_\ell$ based, MASTER-style analyses, the net effect of the time-domain filtering is commonly approximated by a multiplicative transfer function, $F_{\ell}$, that can fail to capture mode mixing and is dependent on the spectrum of the signal. To address these shortcomings, we have developed a simulation-based spectral correction approach that constructs a two-dimensional transfer matrix, $J_{\ell\ell'}$, which contains information about mode mixing in addition to mode attenuation. We demonstrate the application of this approach on data from the first flight of the SPIDER balloon-borne CMB experiment., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures; updated to match published version
Published: 2021
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22. Design and pre-flight performance of SPIDER 280 GHz receivers

Author: Jeffrey P. Filippini, Ingunn Kathrine Wehus, P. A. R. Ade, Peter Mason, Zigmund Kermish, Carlo R. Contaldi, X. Song, M. Galloway, Aurelien A. Fraisse, K. Ganga, I. L. Padilla, J. F. van der List, J. R. Bond, A. E. Gambrel, D. V. Wiebe, Michael R. Vissers, L. M. Fissel, Joel N. Ullom, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Dan Becker, A. D. Turner, S. Akers, Steven J. Benton, Matthew Hasselfield, R. Gualtieri, Marzieh Farhang, J. J. Bock, S. Li, A. Trangsrud, M. R. Nolta, E. Y. Young, A. S. Bergman, O. Doré, Shyang Wen, M. C. Runyan, J. E. Ruhl, Warren Holmes, J. A. Beall, Calvin B. Netterfield, C. Tucker, H. C. Chiang, Carl D. Reintsema, A. C. Weber, C. Shiu, R. S. Tucker, Mandana Amiri, R. S. Domagalski, Susan Redmond, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Kent D. Irwin, K. G. Megerian, J. Austermann, Antoine Kahn, Johannes Hubmayr, J. M. Nagy, Sean Bryan, J. Hartley, Arpi Grigorian, W. C. Jones, Jon E. Gudmundsson, Shannon M. Duff, Natalie N. Gandilo, L. J. Romualdez, Viktor Hristov, Mark Halpern, R. Nie, Katherine Freese, A. Lennox, Gene C. Hilton, H. Thommesen, B. Osherson, E. C. Shaw, J. S.-Y. Leung, Jamil A. Shariff, H. K. Eriksen, Zhi-Feng Huang, T. A. Morford, Juan D. Soler, L. M. Mocanu, C. L. Kuo, Alexandra S. Rahlin, J. Van Lanen, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong
Subjects: scientific ballooning, cosmic microwave background, cosmological model, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, scientific instrumentation, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, B-mode: primordial, law.invention, Telescope, law, optical, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Remote sensing, media_common, Spider, polarization, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, millimeter wave instrumentation, Polarization (waves), transition-edge sensor, SPIDER, experimental equipment, Wide area, B-mode, Sky, astro-ph.CO, galaxy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmology, performance, Dust emission, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, experimental results, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: In this work we describe upgrades to the Spider balloon-borne telescope in preparation for its second flight, currently planned for December 2021. The Spider instrument is optimized to search for a primordial B-mode polarization signature in the cosmic microwave background at degree angular scales. During its first flight in 2015, Spider mapped ~10% of the sky at 95 and 150 GHz. The payload for the second Antarctic flight will incorporate three new 280 GHz receivers alongside three refurbished 95- and 150 GHz receivers from Spider's first flight. In this work we discuss the design and characterization of these new receivers, which employ over 1500 feedhorn-coupled transition-edge sensors. We describe pre-flight laboratory measurements of detector properties, and the optical performance of completed receivers. These receivers will map a wide area of the sky at 280 GHz, providing new information on polarized Galactic dust emission that will help to separate it from the cosmological signal., 13 pages, 8 figures; as published in the conference proceedings for SPIE Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X (2020)
Published: 2020

23. Searching for anisotropic cosmic birefringence with polarization data from SPTpol

Author: Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, Jason W. Henning, A. A. Stark, J. D. Hrubes, Jeff McMahon, N. W. Halverson, Andreas Bender, T. M. Crawford, T.-L. Chou, L. Balkenhol, C. Sievers, Gensheng Wang, W. L. K. Wu, John E. Carlstrom, E. J. Baxter, W. B. Everett, Joshua Montgomery, Christian L. Reichardt, Marius Millea, A. E. Lowitz, V. G. Yefremenko, C. Pryke, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, Dale Li, Joaquin Vieira, K. Vanderlinde, Gene C. Hilton, L. M. Mocanu, Jason Gallicchio, Y. Omori, K. K. Schaffer, Peter A. R. Ade, S. Patil, A. T. Crites, Jason E. Austermann, K. T. Story, S. S. Meyer, C. Corbett Moran, Valentine Novosad, T. de Haan, Jessica Avva, Graeme Smecher, P. Chaubal, J. E. Ruhl, A. J. Gilbert, Benjamin Saliwanchik, Gilbert Holder, Adam Anderson, M. A. Dobbs, A. Manzotti, S. Padin, Nathan Whitehorn, N. Huang, H. C. Chiang, Nikhel Gupta, Carole Tucker, G. I. Noble, Federico Bianchini, G. Simard, John P. Nibarger, Andrew Nadolski, J. A. Beall, Robert I. Citron, T. Natoli, Lindsey Bleem, Elizabeth George, T. Veach, Johannes Hubmayr, C. L. Chang, Bradford Benson, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and SPT
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, anisotropy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, temperature: fluctuation, polarization: rotation, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, inflation, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, birefringence, Chern-Simons term, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, coupling constant, magnetic field: primordial, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, correlation: higher-order, Spectral density, Polarization (waves), Cosmology, cosmic background radiation: temperature, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Amplitude, South Pole Telescope, 13. Climate action, Sky, power spectrum: angular dependence, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a search for anisotropic cosmic birefringence in 500 deg$^2$ of southern sky observed at 150 GHz with the SPTpol camera on the South Pole Telescope. We reconstruct a map of cosmic polarization rotation anisotropies using higher-order correlations between the observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) $E$ and $B$ fields. We then measure the angular power spectrum of this map, which is found to be consistent with zero. The non-detection is translated into an upper limit on the amplitude of the scale-invariant cosmic rotation power spectrum, $L(L+1)C_L^{\alpha\alpha}/2\pi < 0.10 \times 10^{-4}$ rad$^2$ (0.033 deg$^2$, 95% C.L.). This upper limit can be used to place constraints on the strength of primordial magnetic fields, $B_{1 \rm Mpc} < 17 {\rm nG} $ (95% C.L.), and on the coupling constant of the Chern-Simons electromagnetic term $g_{a\gamma} < 4.0 \times 10^{-2}/H_I $ (95% C.L.), where $H_I$ is the inflationary Hubble scale. For the first time, we also cross-correlate the CMB temperature fluctuations with the reconstructed rotation angle map, a signal expected to be non-vanishing in certain theoretical scenarios, and find no detectable signal. We perform a suite of systematics and consistency checks and find no evidence for contamination., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures - new subsection on non-Gaussian foregrounds, conclusions unchanged - updated to match published version on PRD
Published: 2020

24. Measurements of B -mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background from 500 square degrees of SPTpol data

Author: W. B. Everett, Jason Gallicchio, S. Patil, Lindsey Bleem, G. P. Holder, K. Vanderlinde, P. Chaubal, Jeff McMahon, S. S. Meyer, Gensheng Wang, C. L. Chang, C. Sievers, J. D. Hrubes, T. de Haan, Elizabeth George, Kent D. Irwin, Jason W. Henning, L. M. Mocanu, W. L. Holzapfel, Robert I. Citron, A. T. Crites, N. W. Halverson, Christian L. Reichardt, Jason E. Austermann, John P. Nibarger, Andrew Nadolski, Joaquin Vieira, T. Natoli, Bradford Benson, Graeme Smecher, W. L. K. Wu, C. Corbett Moran, Matt Dobbs, Jessica Avva, N. L. Harrington, T. M. Crawford, Gene C. Hilton, Stephen Padin, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, Dale Li, H. C. Chiang, John E. Carlstrom, J. E. Ruhl, Amy N. Bender, C. Tucker, K. K. Schaffer, N. Huang, A. E. Lowitz, Valentine Novosad, Antony A. Stark, J. T. Sayre, Johannes Hubmayr, T. Veach, J. A. Beall, G. I. Noble, Adrian T. Lee, Federico Bianchini, Lloyd Knox, Nikhel Gupta, Benjamin Saliwanchik, V. G. Yefremenko, C. Pryke, Joshua Montgomery, Peter A. R. Ade, and Nathan Whitehorn
Subjects: Physics, Quantum Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Molecular, Spectral density, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Atomic, Nuclear & Particles Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle and Plasma Physics, South Pole Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, astro-ph.CO, Nuclear, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report a B-mode power spectrum measurement from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization anisotropy observations made using the SPTpol instrument on the South Pole Telescope. This work uses 500 deg$^2$ of SPTpol data, a five-fold increase over the last SPTpol B-mode release. As a result, the bandpower uncertainties have been reduced by more than a factor of two, and the measurement extends to lower multipoles: $52 < \ell < 2301$. Data from both 95 and 150 GHz are used, allowing for three cross-spectra: 95 GHz x 95 GHz, 95 GHz x 150 GHz, and 150 GHz x 150 GHz. B-mode power is detected at very high significance; we find $P(BB < 0) = 5.8 \times 10^{-71}$, corresponding to a $18.1 ��$ detection of power. An upper limit is set on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r < 0.44$ at 95% confidence (the expected $1 ��$ constraint on $r$ given the measurement uncertainties is 0.22). We find the measured B-mode power is consistent with the Planck best-fit $��$CDM model predictions. Scaling the predicted lensing B-mode power in this model by a factor Alens, the data prefer Alens = $1.17 \pm 0.13$. These data are currently the most precise measurements of B-mode power at $\ell > 320$., 16 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to PRD
Published: 2020

25. Millimeter-wave Point Sources from the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ Survey: Catalog and Population Statistics

Author: L. M. Mocanu, Daniel P. Marrone, John E. Carlstrom, K. T. Story, S. S. Meyer, Manuel Aravena, Z. K. Staniszewski, Scott Chapman, M. Archipley, W. L. Holzapfel, Erik Shirokoff, C. L. Chang, Christian L. Reichardt, L. Zhang, B. Stalder, Lindsey Bleem, R. Williamson, W. B. Everett, T. de Haan, J. D. Hrubes, Jeff McMahon, A. T. Crites, Axel Weiß, Eric R. Switzer, T. Natoli, Joaquin Vieira, Antony A. Stark, K. Vanderlinde, A. C. Mangian, S. Padin, K. K. Schaffer, D. Luong-Van, Cassie Reuter, J. E. Ruhl, Joseph J. Mohr, T. M. Crawford, M. A. Dobbs, J. T. Sayre, Justin Spilker, N. W. Halverson, Jason E. Austermann, N. L. Harrington, Bradford Benson, Elizabeth George, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, C. Pryke, and Gilbert Holder
Subjects: Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, Strong gravitational lensing, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Submillimetre astronomy, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, Stars, South Pole Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a catalog of emissive point sources detected in the SPT-SZ survey, a contiguous 2530-square-degree area surveyed with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) from 2008 - 2011 in three bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. The catalog contains 4845 sources measured at a significance of 4.5 sigma or greater in at least one band, corresponding to detections above approximately 9.8, 5.8, and 20.4 mJy in 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. Spectral behavior in the SPT bands is used for source classification into two populations based on the underlying physical mechanisms of compact, emissive sources that are bright at millimeter wavelengths: synchrotron radiation from active galactic nuclei and thermal emission from dust. The latter population includes a component of high-redshift sources often referred to as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). In the relatively bright flux ranges probed by the survey, these sources are expected to be magnified by strong gravitational lensing. The survey also contains sources consistent with protoclusters, groups of dusty galaxies at high redshift undergoing collapse. We cross-match the SPT-SZ catalog with external catalogs at radio, infrared, and X-ray wavelengths and identify available redshift information. The catalog splits into 3980 synchrotron-dominated and 865 dust-dominated sources and we determine a list of 506 SMGs. Ten sources in the catalog are identified as stars. We calculate number counts for the full catalog, and synchrotron and dusty components, using a bootstrap method and compare our measured counts with models. This paper represents the third and final catalog of point sources in the SPT-SZ survey., 43 pages, 19 figures, 7 tables. Submitted to AAS Journals 03/05/2020. 03/23/2020 co-author affiliation and acknowledgments updated
Published: 2020

26. The SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey

Author: Shahab Joudaki, M. Costanzi, Matt Dobbs, C. L. Chang, Carole Tucker, E. Bertin, Dale Li, Michael McDonald, A. E. Lowitz, T. M. Crawford, Mark Brodwin, W. B. Everett, A. Roodman, N. W. Halverson, J. Carretero, Santiago Serrano, G. Khullar, Elizabeth George, Adam Anderson, M. Smith, James A. Beall, C. Sievers, Nathan Whitehorn, Valentine Novosad, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Devon L. Hollowood, Volodymyr Yefremenko, C. Pryke, D. Gruen, Nesar Ramachandra, Gensheng Wang, Antonella Palmese, Steven W. Allen, John P. Nibarger, T. Veach, J. D. Hrubes, A. K. Romer, Ramon Miquel, H. T. Diehl, G. I. Noble, W. L. K. Wu, Niall MacCrann, Juan Garcia-Bellido, L. N. da Costa, Christian L. Reichardt, Federico Bianchini, B. Flaugher, Jason E. Austermann, A. A. Plazas, Jason Gallicchio, K. Honscheid, Santiago Avila, Joshua Montgomery, Amy N. Bender, N. L. Harrington, Robert A. Gruendl, Matthias Klein, A. T. Crites, Sebastian Bocquet, S. Patil, L. M. Mocanu, John E. Carlstrom, A. Carnero Rosell, Peter A. R. Ade, B. Stalder, Tesla E. Jeltema, T. de Haan, E. Buckley-Geer, K. K. Schaffer, K. T. Story, Jeff McMahon, J. Gschwend, Shantanu Desai, Benjamin Floyd, Keith Bechtol, Bradford Benson, Catherine Heymans, Jason W. Henning, Antony A. Stark, Joaquin Vieira, Graeme Smecher, Robert I. Citron, M. L. N. Ashby, Lloyd Knox, M. A. G. Maia, A. Saro, J. P. Dietrich, Chris Blake, T. Natoli, N. P. Kuropatkin, James Annis, J. T. Sayre, Michael D. Gladders, J. L. Marshall, C. Corbett Moran, Keith Vanderlinde, Joseph J. Mohr, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, Jochen Weller, Jessica Avva, David Parkinson, Johannes Hubmayr, Stephen Padin, Joshua A. Frieman, Felipe Menanteau, Gregory Tarle, Tim Schrabback, Matthew B. Bayliss, Eli S. Rykoff, D. L. Burke, E. J. Sanchez, G. Gutierrez, Lindsey Bleem, N. Huang, A. Gilbert, H. C. Chiang, Yanxi Zhang, Tim Eifler, J. D. Remolina González, Benjamin Saliwanchik, F. Paz-Chinchón, Adrian T. Lee, D. W. Gerdes, D. H. Brooks, S. S. Meyer, G. P. Holder, Guillaume Mahler, M. Carrasco Kind, J. E. Ruhl, J. De Vicente, E. Suchyta, Nikhel Gupta, David James, C. Lidman, Keren Sharon, A. Nadolski, Peter Melchior, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPT, DES, Bleem, L. E., Bocquet, S., Stalder, B., Gladders, M. D., Ade, P. A. R., Allen, S. W., Anderson, A. J., Annis, J., Ashby, M. L. N., Austermann, J. E., Avila, S., Avva, J. S., Bayliss, M., Beall, J. A., Bechtol, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bertin, E., Bianchini, F., Blake, C., Brodwin, Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carlstrom, J. E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Citron, R., Moran, C. Corbett, Costanzi, M., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., da Costa, L. N., de Haan, T., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dobbs, M. A., Eifler, T. F., Everett, W., Flaugher, B., Floyd, B., Frieman, J., Gallicchio, J., García-Bellido, J., George, E. M., Gerdes, D. W., Gilbert, A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., Halverson, N. W., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Heymans, C., Holder, G. P., Hollowood, D. L., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Joudaki, S., Khullar, G., Klein, M., Knox, L., Kuropatkin, N., Lee, A. T., Li, D., Lidman, C., Lowitz, A., Maccrann, N., Mahler, G., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Mcdonald, M., Mcmahon, J. J., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Meyer, S. S., Miquel, R., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Palmese, A., Parkinson, D., Patil, S., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Pryke, C., Ramachandra, N. S., Reichardt, C. L., Remolina González, J. D., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Ruhl, J. E., Rykoff, E. S., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sanchez, E., Saro, A., Sayre, J. T., Schaffer, K. K., Schrabback, T., Serrano, S., Sharon, K., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Weller, J., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Zhang, Y., National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), University of Illinois, University of Chicago, Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional das Fundaçôes Estaduais de Amparo à Pesquisa (Brasil), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Argonne National Laboratory (US), Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Max Planck Society, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany), Australian Research Council, Australian Astronomical Observatory, California Institute of Technology, and Generalitat de Catalunya
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Strong gravitational lensing, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Galaxy, Cosmology, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, Large-scale structure of the universe, 0103 physical sciences, astro-ph.CO, Cluster (physics), Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Galaxy clusters, Cluster sampling, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Full author list: L. E. Bleem, S. Bocquet, B. Stalder, M. D. Gladders, P. A. R. Ade, S. W. Allen, A. J. Anderson, J. Annis, M. L. N. Ashby, J. E. Austermann, S. Avila, J. S. Avva, M. Bayliss, J. A. Beall, K. Bechtol, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, E. Bertin, F. Bianchini, C. Blake, M. Brodwin, D. Brooks, E. Buckley-Geer, D. L. Burke, J. E. Carlstrom, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, C. L. Chang, H. C. Chiang, R. Citron, C. Corbett Moran, M. Costanzi, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, L. N. da Costa, T. de Haan, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, H. T. Diehl, J. P. Dietrich, M. A. Dobbs, T. F. Eifler, W. Everett, B. Flaugher, B. Floyd, J. Frieman, J. Gallicchio, J. García-Bellido, E. M. George, D. W. Gerdes, A. Gilbert, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, J. Gschwend, N. Gupta, G. Gutierrez, N. W. Halverson, N. Harrington, J. W. Henning, C. Heymans, G. P. Holder, D. L. Hollowood, W. L. Holzapfel, K. Honscheid, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, D. J. James, T. Jeltema, S. Joudaki, G. Khullar, M. Klein, L. Knox, N. Kuropatkin, A. T. Lee, D. Li, C. Lidman, A. Lowitz, N. MacCrann, G. Mahler, M. A. G. Maia, J. L. Marshall, M. McDonald, J. J. McMahon, P. Melchior, F. Menanteau, S. S. Meyer, R. Miquel, L. M. Mocanu, J. J. Mohr, J. Montgomery, A. Nadolski, T. Natoli, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, S. Padin, A. Palmese, D. Parkinson, S. Patil, F. Paz-Chinchón, A. A. Plazas, C. Pryke, N. S. Ramachandra, C. L. Reichardt, J. D. Remolina González, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, J. E. Ruhl, E. S. Rykoff, B. R. Saliwanchik, E. Sanchez, A. Saro, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, T. Schrabback, S. Serrano, K. Sharon, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, M. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, A. A. Stark, K. T. Story, E. Suchyta, G. Tarle, C. Tucker, K. Vanderlinde, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, J. Weller, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, and Y. Zhang, We describe the observations and resultant galaxy cluster catalog from the 2770 deg2 SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey (SPT-ECS). Clusters are identified via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and confirmed with a combination of archival and targeted follow-up data, making particular use of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). With incomplete follow-up we have confirmed as clusters 244 of 266 candidates at a detection significance ξ ≥ 5 and an additional 204 systems at 4 < ξ < 5. The confirmed sample has a median mass of M500c ~ 4.4 ¿ 1014 M☉ h70 -1 and a median redshift of z = 0.49, and we have identified 44 strong gravitational lenses in the sample thus far. Radio data are used to characterize contamination to the SZ signal; the median contamination for confirmed clusters is predicted to be ∼1% of the SZ signal at the ξ > 4 threshold, and 10% of their measured SZ flux. We associate SZ-selected clusters, from both SPT-ECS and the SPT-SZ survey, with clusters from the DES redMaPPer sample, and we find an offset distribution between the SZ center and central galaxy in general agreement with previous work, though with a larger fraction of clusters with significant offsets. Adopting a fixed Planck-like cosmology, we measure the optical richness-SZ mass (l - M) relation and find it to be 28% shallower than that from a weak-lensing analysis of the DES data-a difference significant at the 4σ level-with the relations intersecting at λ = 60. The SPT-ECS cluster sample will be particularly useful for studying the evolution of massive clusters and, in combination with DES lensing observations and the SPT-SZ cluster sample, will be an important component of future cosmological analyses., This work was performed in the context of the South Pole Telescope scientific program. SPT is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant PLR-1248097. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant GBMF 947 to the University of Chicago. This work is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. PISCO observations are supported by NSF AST-1814719. Work at Argonne National Lab is supported by UChicago Argonne LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357. We also acknowledge support from the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials. M.G. and L.B. acknowledge partial support from HST-GO-15307.001. B.B. is supported by the Fermi Research Alliance LLC under contract No. De-AC02- 07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The CU Boulder group acknowledges support from NSF AST-0956135. The McGill authors acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and the Fonds de Recherche du Québec Nature et technologies. The UCLA authors acknowledge support from NSF AST-1716965 and CSSI-1835865. The Stanford/SLAC group acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. A.S. is supported by the ERC-StG “ClustersXCosmo” grant agreement 716762 and by the FARE-MIUR grant “ClustersXEuclid” R165SBKTMA. C.H. acknowledges support from the Max Planck Society and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, in the framework of the Max Planck-Humboldt Research Award endowed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, in addition to support from the European Research Council under grant No. 647112. S.J. acknowledges support from the Beecroft Trust and ERC 693024. T.S. acknowledges support from the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) provided through DLR under projects 50 OR 1610 and 50 OR 1803, as well as support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, under project SCHR 1400/3-1. The Melbourne authors acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects scheme (DP150103208). The 2dFLenS survey is based on data acquired through the Australian Astronomical Observatory, under program A/2014B/008. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at The Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, the Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo InterAmerican Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007- 2013), including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen’s University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation grant No. AST1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Published: 2020

27. A Demonstration of Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves with Delensing

Author: Roger O'Brient, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, T. Natoli, Kent D. Irwin, A. E. Lowitz, N. Huang, Y. Omori, Victor Buza, Robert I. Citron, S. A. Kernasovskiy, W. L. Holzapfel, Ahmed Soliman, Jeff McMahon, C. Corbett Moran, P. A. R. Ade, Lingzhen Zeng, S. Henderson, W. B. Everett, J. D. Hrubes, Jessica Avva, C. Yu, Calvin B. Netterfield, Lorenzo Moncelsi, J. R. Cheshire, Jason W. Henning, J. A. Grayson, S. Patil, K. K. Schaffer, Elizabeth George, Abigail G. Vieregg, Denis Barkats, V. G. Yefremenko, Jason E. Austermann, N. W. Halverson, A. Cukierman, H. Boenish, B. L. Schmitt, Marion Dierickx, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, Joaquin Vieira, E. Young, G. Hall, Stefan Richter, C. Sievers, Toshiya Namikawa, Graeme Smecher, C. Umilta, D. V. Wiebe, S. Fliescher, T.-L. Chou, H. C. Chiang, Johannes Hubmayr, H. Yang, C. D. Sheehy, Chao-Lin Kuo, Mark Halpern, Christian L. Reichardt, Marius Millea, Joshua Montgomery, S. Kefeli, J. Cornelison, J. J. Bock, Bryan Steinbach, Howard Hui, Gensheng Wang, Andreas Bender, Neil Goeckner-Wald, J. E. Ruhl, Dale Li, C. Tucker, K. G. Megerian, T. M. Crawford, M. A. Dobbs, Mandana Amiri, V. Novosad, R. Schwarz, S. Fatigoni, S. R. Hildebrandt, S. Padin, John E. Carlstrom, E. Bullock, Chao Zhang, T. de Haan, D. C. Goldfinger, John P. Nibarger, Andrew Nadolski, J. Willmert, Carl D. Reintsema, Gene C. Hilton, N. Whitehorn, B. Racine, H. T. Nguyen, A. A. Stark, E. M. Leitch, Alessandro Schillaci, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, T. Veach, R. Basu Thakur, K. L. Thompson, T. Prouve, A. T. Crites, C. Pryke, C. L. Wong, C. L. Chang, J. Kang, Adam Anderson, Grant Teply, Benjamin Saliwanchik, A. Wandui, Gilbert Holder, A. Manzotti, A. C. Weber, G. I. Noble, Federico Bianchini, Nikhel Gupta, Jeffrey P. Filippini, R. V. Sudiwala, Adrian T. Lee, Bradford Benson, Lloyd Knox, W. L. K. Wu, Colin A. Bischoff, S. S. Meyer, Jason Gallicchio, T. St. Germaine, S. Palladino, L. Duband, J. E. Tolan, Zeeshan Ahmed, L. M. Mocanu, Jake Connors, Kei May Lau, Sarah M. Harrison, Lindsey Bleem, R. W. Ogburn, J. A. Beall, Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPTpol, BICEP/Keck, BICEP, and Keck
Subjects: data analysis method, satellite: Planck, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, cosmic background radiation: polarization, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, cosmic rays, gravitation: lens, statistical analysis, Cosmic infrared background, 0103 physical sciences, Experiments in gravity, Sample variance, Planck, numerical calculations, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, polarization, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation: primordial, BICEP, South Pole Telescope, Gravitational lens, B-mode, infrared, symbols, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, derived from measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization $B$-modes with "delensing," whereby the uncertainty on $r$ contributed by the sample variance of the gravitational lensing $B$-modes is reduced by cross-correlating against a lensing $B$-mode template. This template is constructed by combining an estimate of the polarized CMB with a tracer of the projected large-scale structure. The large-scale-structure tracer used is a map of the cosmic infrared background derived from Planck satellite data, while the polarized CMB map comes from a combination of South Pole Telescope, BICEP/Keck, and Planck data. We expand the BICEP/Keck likelihood analysis framework to accept a lensing template and apply it to the BICEP/Keck data set collected through 2014 using the same parametric foreground modelling as in the previous analysis. From simulations, we find that the uncertainty on $r$ is reduced by $\sim10\%$, from $��(r)$= 0.024 to 0.022, which can be compared with a $\sim26\%$ reduction obtained when using a perfect lensing template. Applying the technique to the real data, the constraint on $r$ is improved from $r_{0.05} < 0.090$ to $r_{0.05} < 0.082$ (95\% C.L.). This is the first demonstration of improvement in an $r$ constraint through delensing., 23 pages, 11 figures; match published version
Published: 2020
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28. An Improved Measurement of the Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies from the SPT-SZ + SPTpol Surveys

Author: T. Veach, Gensheng Wang, Gene C. Hilton, Valentyn Novosad, Jason Gallicchio, Jason E. Austermann, L. M. Mocanu, P. A. R. Ade, Graeme Smecher, A. E. Lowitz, S. Padin, Nikhel Gupta, Robert I. Citron, Johannes Hubmayr, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, Nathan Whitehorn, C. Corbett Moran, W. L. K. Wu, J. D. Hrubes, Dale Li, John P. Nibarger, A. Nadolski, Volodymyr Yefremenko, S. S. Meyer, Elizabeth George, Jessica Avva, Adam Anderson, Benjamin Saliwanchik, Gilbert Holder, C. Pryke, N. W. Halverson, T. L. Chou, S. Patil, N. Huang, J. T. Sayre, A. Gilbert, A. T. Crites, Carole Tucker, James A. Beall, Adrian T. Lee, R. Williamson, Erik Shirokoff, Joaquin Vieira, Joshua Montgomery, Jason W. Henning, Amy N. Bender, J. E. Ruhl, Keith Vanderlinde, Y. Omori, T. M. Crawford, H. C. Chiang, K. K. Schaffer, Helmuth Spieler, Eric J. Baxter, Lindsey Bleem, Jeff McMahon, Antony A. Stark, John E. Carlstrom, M. A. Dobbs, P. Chaubal, G. I. Noble, Federico Bianchini, T. de Haan, Z. K. Staniszewski, C. Sievers, Christian L. Reichardt, Lloyd Knox, Joseph J. Mohr, T. Natoli, Daniel M. Luong-Van, Bradford Benson, N. L. Harrington, C. L. Chang, Marius Millea, J. Mehl, and W. B. Everett
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Radio galaxy, Cosmic microwave background, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, South Pole Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Cosmic infrared background, 0103 physical sciences, Multipole expansion, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Reionization, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We report new measurements of millimeter-wave power spectra in the angular multipole range $2000 \le \ell \le 11,000$ (angular scales $5^\prime \gtrsim \theta \gtrsim 1^\prime$). By adding 95 and 150\,GHz data from the low-noise 500 deg$^2$ SPTpol survey to the SPT-SZ three-frequency 2540 deg$^2$ survey, we substantially reduce the uncertainties in these bands. These power spectra include contributions from the primary cosmic microwave background, cosmic infrared background, radio galaxies, and thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects. The data favor a thermal SZ (tSZ) power at 143\,GHz of $D^{\rm tSZ}_{3000} = 3.42 \pm 0.54~ \mu {\rm K}^2$ and a kinematic SZ (kSZ) power of $D^{\rm kSZ}_{3000} = 3.0 \pm 1.0~ \mu {\rm K}^2$. This is the first measurement of kSZ power at $\ge 3\,\sigma$. We study the implications of the measured kSZ power for the epoch of reionization, finding the duration of reionization to be $\Delta z_{re} = 1.0^{+1.6}_{-0.7}$ ($\Delta z_{re}< 4.1$ at 95% confidence), when combined with our previously published tSZ bispectrum measurement., Comment: Submitted to ApJ, 16 pages. (revised portions of the introduction and description of bandpower estimation)
Published: 2020
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29. Galaxy Clusters Selected via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect in the SPTpol 100-square-degree Survey

Author: Elizabeth George, A. T. Crites, T. Veach, Amy N. Bender, G. I. Noble, Federico Bianchini, Matt Dobbs, Mark Brodwin, W. B. Everett, N. L. Harrington, S. S. Meyer, K. K. Schaffer, A. E. Lowitz, John E. Carlstrom, Jason E. Austermann, C. L. Chang, T. de Haan, T. M. Crawford, L. M. Mocanu, Lindsey Bleem, Michael McDonald, Dale Li, Joshua Montgomery, Jeff McMahon, Gensheng Wang, Jason Gallicchio, Nathan Whitehorn, Valentine Novosad, Keren Sharon, Graeme Smecher, S. Patil, Michael D. Gladders, Johannes Hubmayr, Robert I. Citron, J. D. Hrubes, Jason W. Henning, A. Saro, Nikhel Gupta, Adrian T. Lee, Adam Anderson, G. Khullar, Benjamin Floyd, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Joaquin Vieira, S. Guns, Steven W. Allen, W. L. K. Wu, J. E. Ruhl, John P. Nibarger, Antony A. Stark, C. Sievers, N. W. Halverson, J. T. Sayre, B. Stalder, Christian L. Reichardt, Kent D. Irwin, Peter A. R. Ade, A. Nadolski, C. Corbett Moran, K. T. Story, K. Vanderlinde, W. L. Holzapfel, Bradford Benson, Sebastian Bocquet, N. Huang, Jessica Avva, A. Gilbert, Stephen Padin, Lloyd Knox, T. Natoli, Gene C. Hilton, James A. Beall, C. Pryke, H. C. Chiang, Carole Tucker, Benjamin Saliwanchik, Gilbert Holder, Huang, N., Bleem, L. E., Stalder, B., Ade, P. A. R., Allen, S. W., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bocquet, S., Brodwin, M., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Citron, R., Moran, C. Corbett, Crawford, T. M., Crite, A., T., Haan, T. de, Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Floyd, B., Gallicchio, J., George, E. M., Gilbert, A., Gladders, M. D., Guns, S., Gupta, N., Halverson, N. W., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hrubes, J. D., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Khullar, G., Knox, L., Lee, A. T., Li, D., Lowitz, A., Mcdonald, M., Mcmahon, J. J., Meyer, S. S., Mocanu, L. M., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Patil, S., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Saro, A., Sayre, J. T., Schaffer, K. K., Sharon, K., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., and Yefremenko, V.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect, 01 natural sciences, Square (algebra), 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Galaxy, Square degree, South Pole Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a catalog of galaxy cluster candidates detected in 100 square degrees surveyed with the SPTpol receiver on the South Pole Telescope. The catalog contains 89 candidates detected with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 4.6. The candidates are selected using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect at 95 and 150 GHz. Using both space- and ground-based optical and infrared telescopes, we have confirmed 81 candidates as galaxy clusters. We use these follow-up images and archival images to estimate photometric redshifts for 66 galaxy clusters and spectroscopic observations to obtain redshifts for 13 systems. An additional 2 galaxy clusters are confirmed using the overdensity of near-infrared galaxies only, and are presented without redshifts. We find that 15 candidates (18% of the total sample) are at redshift of $z \geq 1.0$, with a maximum confirmed redshift of $z_{\rm{max}} = 1.38 \pm 0.10$. We expect this catalog to contain every galaxy cluster with $M_{500c} > 2.6 \times 10^{14} M_\odot h^{-1}_{70}$ and $z > 0.25$ in the survey area. The mass threshold is approximately constant above $z = 0.25$, and the complete catalog has a median mass of approximately $ M_{500c} = 2.7 \times 10^{14} M_\odot h^{-1}_{70}$. Compared to previous SPT works, the increased depth of the millimeter-wave data (11.2 and 6.5 $��$K-arcmin at 95 and 150 GHz, respectively) makes it possible to find more galaxy clusters at high redshift and lower mass., 21 pages, 7 figures, associated data available at http://pole.uchicago.edu/public/data/sptsz-clusters. V2 was accepted to the AJ, and includes minor changes requested by the reviewer
Published: 2020
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30. Neutrino Physics from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure

Author: K N Abazajian, K Arnold, J Austermann, B A Benson, C Bischoff, J Bock, J R Bond, J Borrill, E Calabrese, J E Carlstrom, C S Carvalho, C L Chang, H C Chiang, S Church, A Cooray, T M Crawford, K S Dawson, S Das, M J Devlin, M Dobbs, S Dodelson, O Dore, J Dunkley, J Errard, A Fraisse, J Gallicchio, N W Halverson, S Hanany, S R Hildebrandt, A Hincks, R Hlozek, G Holder, W L Holzapfel, K Honscheid, W Hu, J Hubmayr, K Irwin, W C Jones, M Kamionkowski, B Keating, R Keisler, L Knox, E Komatsu, J Kovac, C L Kuo, C Lawrence, A T Lee, E Leitch, E Linder, P Lubin, J McMahon, A Miller, L Newburgh, M D Niemack, H Nguyen, H T Nguyen, L Page, C Pryke, C L Reichardt, J E Ruhl, N Sehgal, U Seljak, J Sievers, E Silverstein, A Slosar, K M Smith, D Spergel, S T Staggs, A Stark, R Stompor, A G Vieregg, G Wang, S Watson, E J Wollack, W L K Wu, K W Yoon, and O Zahn
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: This is a report on the status and prospects of the quantification of neutrino properties through the cosmological neutrino background for the Cosmic Frontier of the Division of Particles and Fields Community Summer Study long-term planning exercise. Experiments planned and underway are prepared to study the cosmological neutrino background in detail via its influence on distance-redshift relations and the growth of structure. The program for the next decade described in this document, including upcoming spectroscopic galaxy surveys eBOSS and DESI and a new Stage-IV CMB polarization experiment CMB-S4, will achieve sigma (sigma*mass(sub v)= 16 meV and sigma (Effective number of neutrino species) = 0.020. Such a mass measurement will produce a high significance detection of non-zero sigma*mass(sub v), whose lower bound derived from atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillation data is about 58 meV. If neutrinos have a minimal normal mass hierarchy, this measurement will definitively rule out the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy, shedding light on one of the most puzzling aspects of the Standard Model of particle physics - the origin of mass. This precise a measurement of Neff will allow for high sensitivity to any light and dark degrees of freedom produced in the big bang and a precision test of the standard cosmological model prediction that the effective number of neutrino species = 3.046.
Published: 2014
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31. Inflation Physics from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure

Author: K N Abazajian, K Arnold, J Austermann, B A Benson, C Bischoff, J Bock, J R Bond, J Borrill, I Buder, D L Burke, E Calabrese, J E Carlstrom, C S Carvalho, C L Chang, H C Chiang, S Church, A Cooray, T M Crawford, B P Crill, K S Dawson, S Das, M J Devline, M Dobbs, S Dodelson, O Dore, J Dunkley, J L Feng, A Fraisse, J Gallicchio, S B Giddings, D Green, N W Halverson, S Hannany, D Hanson, S R Hildebrant, A Hincks, R Hlozek, G Holder, W L Holzapfel, K Honscheid, G Horowitz, W Hu, J Hubmayr, K Irwin, M Jackson, W C Jones, R Kallosh, M Kamionkowski, B Keating, R Keisler, W Kinney, L Knox, E Komatsu, J Kovac, C L Kuo, A Kusaka, C Lawrence, A T Lee, E Leitch, A Linde, E Linder, P Lubin, J Maldacena, E Martinec, J McMahon, A Miller, V Mukhanov, L Newburgh, M D Niemack, H Nguyen, H T Nguyen, L Page, C Pryke, C L Reichardt, J E Ruhl, N Sehgal, U Seljak, L Senatore, J Sievers, E Silverstein, A Slosar, K M Smith, D Spergel, S T Staggs, A Stark, R Stompor, A G Vieregg, G Wang, S Watson, E J Wollack, W L K Wu, K W Yoon, O Zahn, and M Zaldarriaga
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: Fluctuations in the intensity and polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the large-scale distribution of matter in the universe each contain clues about the nature of the earliest moments of time. The next generation of CMB and large-scale structure (LSS) experiments are poised to test the leading paradigm for these earliest moments-the theory of cosmic inflation-and to detect the imprints of the inflationary epoch, thereby dramatically increasing our understanding of fundamental physics and the early universe. A future CMB experiment with sufficient angular resolution and frequency coverage that surveys at least 1% of the sky to a depth of 1 uK-arcmin can deliver a constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio that will either result in a 5 sigma measurement of the energy scale of inflation or rule out all large-field inflation models, even in the presence of foregrounds and the gravitational lensing B-mode signal. LSS experiments, particularly spectroscopic surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, will complement the CMB effort by improving current constraints on running of the spectral index by up to a factor of four, improving constraints on curvature by a factor of ten, and providing non-Gaussianity constraints that are competitive with the current CMB bounds.
Published: 2014
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32. CMB/kSZ and Compton-y Maps from 2500 deg2 of SPT-SZ and Planck Survey Data

Author: L. E. Bleem, T. M. Crawford, B. Ansarinejad, B. A. Benson, S. Bocquet, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, R. Chown, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. B. Everett, E. M. George, R. Gualtieri, N. W. Halverson, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. D. Hrubes, L. Knox, A. T. Lee, D. Luong-Van, D. P. Marrone, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, M. Millea, L. M. Mocanu, J. J. Mohr, T. Natoli, Y. Omori, S. Padin, C. Pryke, S. Raghunathan, C. L. Reichardt, J. E. Ruhl, K. K. Schaffer, E. Shirokoff, Z. Staniszewski, A. A. Stark, J. D. Vieira, and R. Williamson
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract: We present component-separated maps of the primary cosmic microwave background/kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) amplitude and the thermal SZ Compton-y parameter, created using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Planck satellite. These maps, which cover the ∼2500 deg2 of the southern sky imaged by the SPT-SZ survey, represent a significant improvement over previous such products available in this region by virtue of their higher angular resolution ( 1 .′ 25 for our highest-resolution Compton-y maps) and lower noise at small angular scales. In this work we detail the construction of these maps using linear combination techniques, including our method for limiting the correlation of our lowest-noise Compton-y map products with the cosmic infrared background. We perform a range of validation tests on these data products to test our sky modeling and combination algorithms, and we find good performance in all of these tests. Recognizing the potential utility of these data products for a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological analyses, including studies of the gas properties of galaxies, groups, and clusters, we make these products publicly available at http://pole.uchicago.edu/public/data/sptsz_ymap and on the NASA/LAMBDA website.
Published: 2022

33. Impact of Electrical Contacts Design and Materials on the Stability of Ti Superconducting Transition Shape

Author: Volodymyr Yefremenko, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, A. Cukierman, Stephen S. Meyer, Peter A. R. Ade, Zeeshan Ahmed, K. T. Story, Nathan Whitehorn, Faustin Carter, W. B. Everett, Erik Shirokoff, H. Nguyen, Junjia Ding, G. I. Noble, Gene C. Hilton, Jason E. Austermann, Graeme Smecher, Q. Y. Tang, Carole Tucker, Ralu Divan, M. Korman, A. M. Kofman, Alexandra S. Rahlin, J. A. Sobrin, Adam Anderson, Andrew Nadolski, I. Shirley, N. Huang, A. Gilbert, N. L. Harrington, Amy N. Bender, Ki Won Yoon, D. Dutcher, Antony A. Stark, John E. Carlstrom, Michelle Jonas, Angelina H. Harke-Hosemann, C. S. Miller, N. W. Halverson, Oliver Jeong, Matt Dobbs, Bradford Benson, Z. Pan, A. E. Lowitz, C. L. Chang, Valentine Novosad, Adrian T. Lee, Jean Francois Cliche, Daniel Michalik, K. Vanderlinde, Gensheng Wang, Keith L. Thompson, Jason W. Henning, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, Donna Kubik, Tijmen de Haan, C. M. Posada, Steve Kuhlmann, Joaquin Vieira, John E. Pearson, Aritoki Suzuki, Thomas Cecil, J. T. Sayre, Liliana Stan, Jessica Avva, Stephen Padin, E. V. Denison, T. Natoli, J. E. Ruhl, Leila R. Vale, Robitan Basu Thakur, L. J. Saunders, A. Foster, Chao-Lin Kuo, John Groh, R. N. Gannon, and M. R. Young
Subjects: Superconductivity, Reproducibility, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Scanning electron microscope, Bolometer, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical contacts, law.invention, Differential interference contrast microscopy, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Diffusion (business), Transition edge sensor, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The South Pole Telescope SPT-3G camera utilizes Ti/Au transition edge sensors (TESs). A key requirement for these sensors is reproducibility and long-term stability of the superconducting (SC) transitions. Here, we discuss the impact of electrical contacts design and materials on the shape of the SC transitions. Using scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and optical differential interference contrast microscopy, we observed the presence of unexpected defects of morphological nature on the titanium surface and their evolution in time in proximity to Nb contacts. We found direct correlation between the variations of the morphology and the SC transition shape. Experiments with different diffusion barriers between TES and Nb leads were performed to clarify the origin of this problem. We have demonstrated that the reproducibility of superconducting transitions can be significantly improved by preventing diffusion processes in the TES–leads contact areas.
Published: 2018

34. Thermal Links and Microstrip Transmission Lines in SPT-3G Bolometers

Author: Peter A. R. Ade, Faustin Carter, K. T. Story, J. S. Avva, Thomas Cecil, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, K. Vanderlinde, G. I. Noble, W. B. Everett, A. Cukierman, Q. Y. Tang, E. V. Denison, A. E. Lowitz, V. G. Yefremenko, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, Carole Tucker, K. L. Thompson, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, N. W. Halverson, John E. Carlstrom, Amy N. Bender, J. A. Sobrin, Z. Pan, N. L. Harrington, Jason W. Henning, T. Natoli, Jason E. Austermann, S. S. Meyer, Kent D. Irwin, N. Whitehorn, D. Dutcher, Ralu Divan, Bradford Benson, K. W. Yoon, Graeme Smecher, A. Foster, Donna Kubik, J. F. Cliche, C. L. Kuo, Adrian T. Lee, Valentine Novosad, Andrew Nadolski, Zeeshan Ahmed, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, T. de Haan, M. Jonas, A. J. Gilbert, A. A. Stark, W. Holzapfel, Adam Anderson, J. E. Ruhl, John E. Pearson, Leila R. Vale, C. S. Miller, M. A. Dobbs, N. Huang, J. C. Groh, Aritoki Suzuki, H. Nguyen, L. J. Saunders, C. M. Posada, A. M. Kofman, I. Shirley, Daniel Michalik, O. B. Jeong, Gensheng Wang, Joaquin Vieira, Liliana Stan, Erik Shirokoff, Stephen Padin, M. Korman, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, and J. T. Sayre
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Microstrip, Computer Science::Other, law.invention, South Pole Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Dissipation factor, General Materials Science, Transition edge sensor, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract: In this work, we have measured the properties of membrane-suspended bolometer thermal links and microstrip transmission lines in the transition-edge sensor arrays for the third-generation camera for South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G). A promising technique for controlling the end point of the release etch that defines the thermal link has been developed. We have also evaluated the microstrip loss in our detectors by measuring the optical efficiency of detectors with different lengths of microstrip line. The loss tangent is sufficiently low for the use in multi-chronic pixels for cosmic microwave background instruments like SPT-3G.
Published: 2018

35. Design and Assembly of SPT-3G Cold Readout Hardware

Author: Amy N. Bender, A. Cukierman, D. Dutcher, E. V. Denison, V. G. Yefremenko, C. M. Posada, W. B. Everett, Trupti Khaire, John E. Carlstrom, K. L. Thompson, Joaquin Vieira, Q. Y. Tang, Carole Tucker, Joshua Montgomery, A. E. Lowitz, Z. Pan, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Jason E. Austermann, K. W. Yoon, Graeme Smecher, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, Valentine Novosad, J. E. Ruhl, Faustin Carter, Leila R. Vale, Y. Hori, K. M. Rotermund, K. Vanderlinde, M. A. Dobbs, Peter A. R. Ade, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, K. T. Story, Oliver Jeong, J. F. Cliche, Kent D. Irwin, Gene C. Hilton, W. L. Holzapfel, M. Korman, A. A. Stark, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, Donna Kubik, John E. Pearson, Kaori Hattori, T. Natoli, Gensheng Wang, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, John Groh, A. J. Gilbert, Jason W. Henning, Tucker Elleflot, C. L. Kuo, A. Foster, Adam Anderson, Zeeshan Ahmed, Thomas Cecil, N. W. Halverson, T. de Haan, L. J. Saunders, J. A. Sobrin, H. Nguyen, Jessica Avva, Nathan Whitehorn, S. S. Meyer, Stephen Padin, Masaya Hasegawa, H. Nishino, A. M. Kofman, I. Shirley, Andrew Nadolski, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, G. I. Noble, Aaron Lee, Erik Shirokoff, N. Huang, J. T. Sayre, D. Barron, N. L. Harrington, and Bradford Benson
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Resonator, Upgrade, Thermal conductivity, South Pole Telescope, Planar, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, business, Electrical impedance, Stripline
Abstract: The third-generation upgrade to the receiver on the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, was installed at the South Pole during the 2016–2017 austral summer to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background. Increasing the number of detectors by a factor of 10 to ∼16,000 \ud ∼16,000\ud required the multiplexing factor to increase to 68 and the bandwidth of the frequency-division readout electronics to span 1.6–5.2 MHz. This increase necessitates low-thermal conductance, low-inductance cryogenic wiring. Our cold readout system consists of planar thin-film aluminum inductive–capacitive resonators, wired in series with the detectors, summed together, and connected to 4K SQUIDs by 10−μm \ud 10−μm\ud -thick niobium–titanium (NbTi) broadside-coupled striplines. Here, we present an overview of the cold readout electronics for SPT-3G, including assembly details and characterization of electrical and thermal properties of the system. We report, for the NbTi striplines, values of R≤10 −4 Ω \ud R≤10−4Ω\ud , L=21±1 nH \ud L=21±1 nH\ud , and C=1.47±.02 nF \ud C=1.47±.02 nF\ud . Additionally, the striplines’ thermal conductivity is described by kA=6.0±0.3 T 0.92±0.04 μW mm K −1 \ud kA=6.0±0.3 T0.92±0.04 μW mm K−1\ud . Finally, we provide projections for cross talk induced by parasitic impedances from the stripline and find that the median value of percentage cross talk from leakage current is 0.22 and 0.09% \ud 0.09%\ud from wiring impedance.
Published: 2018

36. Fabrication of Detector Arrays for the SPT-3G Receiver

Author: N. W. Halverson, K. Vanderlinde, J. E. Ruhl, Leila R. Vale, C. L. Kuo, M. A. Dobbs, K. L. Thompson, Zeeshan Ahmed, Z. Pan, T. Natoli, Aaron Lee, Peter A. R. Ade, C. M. Posada, Bradford Benson, Jason W. Henning, E. V. Denison, A. Foster, A. E. Lowitz, K. T. Story, Amy N. Bender, V. G. Yefremenko, A. Cukierman, D. Dutcher, T. de Haan, Thomas Cecil, Joaquin Vieira, G. I. Noble, Jason E. Austermann, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, Kent D. Irwin, J. F. Cliche, Valentine Novosad, W. L. Holzapfel, K. W. Yoon, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, A. J. Gilbert, Andrew Nadolski, Adam Anderson, N. Huang, Donna Kubik, Graeme Smecher, W. B. Everett, Nathan Whitehorn, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, John Groh, N. L. Harrington, Q. Y. Tang, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, J. A. Sobrin, Trupti Khaire, Liliana Stan, S. S. Meyer, Carole Tucker, J. T. Sayre, Joshua Montgomery, Erik Shirokoff, Jessica Avva, I. Shirley, C. S. Miller, Stephen Padin, M. Korman, H. Nguyen, A. M. Kofman, Ralu Divan, L. J. Saunders, John E. Pearson, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, A. A. Stark, John E. Carlstrom, Oliver Jeong, Faustin Carter, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, and Gene C. Hilton
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Radio spectrum, law.invention, Cardinal point, Optics, South Pole Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Antenna (radio), 010306 general physics, business
Abstract: The South Pole Telescope third-generation (SPT-3G) receiver was installed during the austral summer of 2016–2017. It is designed to measure the cosmic microwave background across three frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. The SPT-3G receiver has ten focal plane modules, each with 269 pixels. Each pixel features a broadband sinuous antenna coupled to a niobium microstrip transmission line. In-line filters define the desired band-passes before the signal is coupled to six bolometers with Ti/Au/Ti/Au transition edge sensors (three bands × \ud ×\ud two polarizations). In total, the SPT-3G receiver is composed of 16,000 detectors, which are read out using a 68× \ud ×\ud frequency-domain multiplexing scheme. In this paper, we present the process employed in fabricating the detector arrays.
Published: 2018

37. Constraints on Cosmological Parameters from the 500 deg$^2$ SPTpol Lensing Power Spectrum

Author: Elizabeth George, J. D. Hrubes, A. E. Lowitz, Y. Omori, K. Vanderlinde, G. I. Noble, N. W. Halverson, S. S. Meyer, Valentine Novosad, Federico Bianchini, Gensheng Wang, Dale Li, G. P. Holder, J. T. Sayre, C. L. Chang, Jason W. Henning, J. A. Beall, V. G. Yefremenko, T. Natoli, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, L. M. Mocanu, C. Corbett Moran, Matt Dobbs, J. E. Ruhl, Carole Tucker, J. Hubmayr, Jessica Avva, Amy N. Bender, J. E. Austermann, K. T. Story, N. Huang, T. M. Crawford, Stephen Padin, Benjamin Saliwanchik, K. K. Schaffer, G. Simard, Graeme Smecher, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, H. C. Chiang, J. D. Vieira, Jeff McMahon, Robert I. Citron, W. L. K. Wu, W. L. Holzapfel, Nathan Whitehorn, Todd J. Veach, Bradford Benson, Nikhel Gupta, M. Millea, Joshua Montgomery, C. Pryke, C. Sievers, Christian L. Reichardt, N. L. Harrington, Kent D. Irwin, P. A. R. Ade, W. B. Everett, S. Patil, Jason Gallicchio, John E. Carlstrom, A. T. Crites, A. A. Stark, Lindsey Bleem, P. Chaubal, A. Manzotti, Gene C. Hilton, T. de Haan, John P. Nibarger, Andrew Nadolski, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and SPT
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Omega, Atomic, Physical Chemistry, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Sigma, Spectral density, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, astro-ph.CO, Baryon acoustic oscillations, Neutrino, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present cosmological constraints based on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing potential power spectrum measurement from the recent 500 deg$^2$ SPTpol survey, the most precise CMB lensing measurement from the ground to date. We fit a flat $\Lambda$CDM model to the reconstructed lensing power spectrum alone and in addition with other data sets: baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) as well as primary CMB spectra from Planck and SPTpol. The cosmological constraints based on SPTpol and Planck lensing band powers are in good agreement when analysed alone and in combination with Planck full-sky primary CMB data. With weak priors on the baryon density and other parameters, the CMB lensing data alone provide a 4\% constraint on $\sigma_8\Omega_m^{0.25} = 0.0593 \pm 0.025$.. Jointly fitting with BAO data, we find $\sigma_8=0.779 \pm 0.023$, $\Omega_m = 0.368^{+0.032}_{-0.037}$, and $H_0 = 72.0^{+2.1}_{-2.5}\,\text{km}\,\text{s}^{-1}\,\text{Mpc}^{-1} $, up to $2\,\sigma$ away from the central values preferred by Planck lensing + BAO. However, we recover good agreement between SPTpol and Planck when restricting the analysis to similar scales. We also consider single-parameter extensions to the flat $\Lambda$CDM model. The SPTpol lensing spectrum constrains the spatial curvature to be $\Omega_K = -0.0007 \pm 0.0025$ and the sum of the neutrino masses to be $\sum m_{\nu} < 0.23$ eV at 95\% C.L. (with Planck primary CMB and BAO data), in good agreement with the Planck lensing results. With the differences in the $S/N$ of the lensing modes and the angular scales covered in the lensing spectra, this analysis represents an important independent check on the full-sky Planck lensing measurement., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, updated to match the version published on ApJ
Published: 2019

38. A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing Potential and Power Spectrum from 500 deg2 of SPTpol Temperature and Polarization Data

Author: T. de Haan, John E. Carlstrom, W. L. K. Wu, Todd J. Veach, K. Vanderlinde, Benjamin Saliwanchik, John P. Nibarger, Andrew Nadolski, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, J. E. Ruhl, L. M. Mocanu, Carole Tucker, C. Sievers, S. S. Meyer, Peter A. R. Ade, Graeme Smecher, Jeff McMahon, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, K. T. Story, Jason W. Henning, C. Pryke, Antony A. Stark, J. E. Austermann, A. E. Lowitz, A. T. Crites, Y. Omori, N. L. Harrington, Bradford Benson, T. Natoli, Zhen Hou, W. B. Everett, Nathan Whitehorn, C. Corbett Moran, Valentine Novosad, M. Millea, J. A. Beall, Elizabeth George, C. L. Chang, Nikhel Gupta, S. Patil, C. L. Reichardt, G. I. Noble, J. T. Sayre, Federico Bianchini, A. Manzotti, Matt Dobbs, Lindsey Bleem, V. G. Yefremenko, Jessica Avva, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, G. P. Holder, T. M. Crawford, Stephen Padin, Gensheng Wang, Joshua Montgomery, N. W. Halverson, Joaquin Vieira, J. D. Hrubes, Amy N. Bender, K. K. Schaffer, Jason Gallicchio, J. Hubmayr, Robert I. Citron, Dale Li, N. Huang, G. Simard, H. C. Chiang, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: cosmological model, data analysis method, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), satellite: Planck, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cosmic microwave background, cosmic background radiation [cosmology], multipole, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, power spectrum, Atomic, Physical Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Particle and Plasma Physics, statistical analysis, gravitation: lens, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Planck, numerical calculations, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Molecular, Estimator, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 3. Good health, cosmic background radiation: temperature, South Pole Telescope, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.CO, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, large-scale structure of the universe, Multipole expansion, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract: We present a measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing potential using 500 deg$^2$ of 150 GHz data from the SPTpol receiver on the South Pole Telescope. The lensing potential is reconstructed with signal-to-noise per mode greater than unity at lensing multipoles $L \lesssim 250$, using a quadratic estimator on a combination of CMB temperature and polarization maps. We report measurements of the lensing potential power spectrum in the multipole range of $100< L < 2000$ from sets of temperature-only, polarization-only, and minimum-variance estimators. We measure the lensing amplitude by taking the ratio of the measured spectrum to the expected spectrum from the best-fit $\Lambda$CDM model to the $\textit{Planck}$ 2015 TT+lowP+lensing dataset. For the minimum-variance estimator, we find $A_{\rm{MV}} = 0.944 \pm 0.058{\rm (Stat.)}\pm0.025{\rm (Sys.)}$; restricting to only polarization data, we find $A_{\rm{POL}} = 0.906 \pm 0.090 {\rm (Stat.)} \pm 0.040 {\rm (Sys.)}$. Considering statistical uncertainties alone, this is the most precise polarization-only lensing amplitude constraint to date (10.1 $\sigma$), and is more precise than our temperature-only constraint. We perform null tests and consistency checks and find no evidence for significant contamination., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures; updated to match published version
Published: 2019

39. CMB-S4 Decadal Survey APC White Paper

Author: Shaul Hanany, Georges Obied, J. Colin Hill, Thomas Cecil, Keith L. Thompson, Adam Anderson, Michael L. Brown, Doug Johnstone, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Erminia Calabrese, Howard Hui, Haruki Nishino, Sara M. Simon, James Kerby, Theodore Kisner, K. T. Story, Moritz Münchmeyer, Aritoki Suzuki, Joseph J. Mohr, Adrian T. Lee, Bradley R. Johnson, Sanah Bhimani, W. C. Jones, A. E. Lowitz, Nathan Whitehorn, Valentine Novosad, Marcelo A. Alvarez, Anze Slosar, Kam Arnold, Kevork N. Abazajian, Mustafa A. Amin, Evan Grohs, Abigail G. Vieregg, Siavash Yasini, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Julien Carron, Ritoban Basu Thakur, Jean-Baptiste Melin, Shawn W. Henderson, Asantha Cooray, Chris Stoughton, Peter Timbie, Matteo Bonato, Ki Won Yoon, Blakesley Burkhart, Salman Habib, T. Natoli, Jacques Delabrouille, Carlo Baccigalupi, Victor Guarino, Steven W. Allen, Kathy Bailey, Aurelien A. Fraisse, Osamu Tajima, Silvia Galli, Denis Barkats, Antony Lewis, Ari Cukierman, Johannes Hubmayr, Marilena LoVerde, Erik Shirokoff, G. P. Holder, James G. Bartlett, James Yeck, Dale Li, N. W. Halverson, Graeme E. Addison, Adam Mantz, Matthieu Tristram, Laura Newburgh, Sarah Shandera, Alessandro Schillaci, Lindsey Bleem, Raphael Flauger, Marcel Schmittfull, S. Pandey, Kent D. Irwin, N. Kurita, Gregory S. Tucker, Matthew Hasselfield, Reijo Keskitalo, Levon Pogosian, Rachel S. Somerville, C. D. Sheehy, Srini Rajagopalan, Jesse Treu, Giuseppe Puglisi, Eric J. Baxter, John M Kovac, Emmanuel Schaan, Marcel Demarteau, Akito Kusaka, Suzanne T. Staggs, Kirit Karkare, Josquin Errard, Thomas Essinger-Hileman, Anne Lähteenmäki, Mattia Negrello, Toshiya Namikawa, Zhilei Xu, Mark Halpern, Simone Ferraro, Edo Berger, François R. Bouchet, Zeeshan Ahmed, Frederick Matsuda, Joseph Eimer, Alexandra S. Rahlin, W. L. Kimmy Wu, Giulio Fabbian, Chao-Lin Kuo, Christian L. Reichardt, Marius Millea, Stephen Padin, A. T. Crites, Joel Meyers, William Edwards, R. Gualtieri, Jason W. Henning, Arthur Kosowsky, Edward J. Wollack, W. L. Holzapfel, Michael D. Niemack, John E. Carlstrom, Rachel Bean, Cora Dvorkin, Ely D. Kovetz, David Alonso, Nicholas Battaglia, Sean Bryan, Gianfranco De Zotti, Anthony Challinor, Graca Rocha, Federico Nati, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Katrin Heitmann, Eric V. Linder, Antony A. Stark, Martin Nordby, Grant Teply, Benjamin Saliwanchik, Peter Adshead, P. Daniel Meerburg, Victoria Calafut, Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine, M.E. Huffer, Chris Bebek, Lloyd Knox, Masashi Hazumi, Eleonora Di Valentino, Natalie A. Roe, Nicholas Galitzki, Masaya Hasegawa, Sarah Kernovsky, Victor Buza, Darcy Barron, C. Pryke, Tijmen de Haan, Tony Mroczkowski, Vera Gluscevic, Andrea Zonca, Daniel Green, Kimberly K. Boddy, Srinivasan Raghunathan, Jeff McMahon, J. E. Ruhl, Steve Kuhlmann, Blake D. Sherwin, Joaquin Vieira, Peter S. Barry, Daisuke Nagai, Karen Byrum, Neelima Sehgal, Murdock Gilchriese, Marco Raveri, M. Tomasi, Douglas Scott, James J. Bock, Martin White, Chang Feng, Ken Ganga, Martina Gerbino, Suvodip Mukherjee, Radek Stompor, Gensheng Wang, B. Racine, Mark Reichanadter, Paul O'Connor, Alexander van Engelen, Kevin M. Huffenberger, Maria Salatino, Kathleen Harrington, Nobuhiko Katayama, Bradford Benson, Daniel Grin, Colin A. Bischoff, Charles R. Lawrence, Mark Vogelsberger, Shannon M. Duff, Scott Watson, Sebastian Bocquet, C. Umiltà, Andrei V. Frolov, C. L. Chang, Johanna Nagy, J. Richard Bond, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, B. Flaugher, Robert R. Caldwell, Mark J. Devlin, Renée Hlozek, Anirban Roy, Elena Pierpaoli, Amy N. Bender, Bruce Partridge, E. Y. Young, Matt Dobbs, Julian Borrill, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Yuji Chinone, Mathieu Remazeilles, T. M. Crawford, Jon E. Gudmundsson, Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cho, and Gunther Haller
Subjects: White paper, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Environmental science, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Project plan, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract: We provide an overview of the science case, instrument configuration and project plan for the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4, for consideration by the 2020 Decadal Survey.
Published: 2019

40. Particle response of antenna-coupled TES arrays: results from SPIDER and the lab

Author: Johanna Nagy, Steven J. Benton, W. A. Holmes, Carlo R. Contaldi, Gene C. Hilton, Jeffrey P. Filippini, D. V. Wiebe, Amy Trangsrud, A. S. Rahlin, J. E. Ruhl, Marcus Runyan, Calvin B. Netterfield, J. J. Bock, E. Young, E. C. Shaw, A. D. Turner, Carole Tucker, J. Fu, Sean Bryan, J. Hartley, O. Doré, H. C. Chiang, R. S. Tucker, Mandana Amiri, Kent D. Irwin, Natalie N. Gandilo, T. A. Morford, Carl D. Reintsema, Peter Mason, A. C. Weber, Jon E. Gudmundsson, A. E. Gambrel, Aurelien A. Fraisse, B. Osherson, R. Gualtieri, K. G. Megerian, W. C. Jones, Matthew Hasselfield, Jamil A. Shariff, Mark Halpern, Viktor Hristov, R. V. Gramillano, I. L. Padilla, Juan D. Soler, Peter A. R. Ade, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Zigmund Kermish, J. R. Bond, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112))
Subjects: General Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Bolometer, Transition-edge sensor, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic microwave background, 0204 Condensed Matter Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Space exploration, Physics, Applied, 0203 Classical Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Planck, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Spider, Science & Technology, 0105 Mathematical Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Glitch, Physics, Condensed Matter, Physical Sciences, symbols, Antenna (radio), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Future mm-wave and sub-mm space missions will employ large arrays of multiplexed Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers. Such instruments must contend with the high flux of cosmic rays beyond our atmosphere that induce "glitches" in bolometer data, which posed a challenge to data analysis from the Planck bolometers. Future instruments will face the additional challenges of shared substrate wafers and multiplexed readout wiring. In this work we explore the susceptibility of modern TES arrays to the cosmic ray environment of space using two data sets: the 2015 long-duration balloon flight of the SPIDER cosmic microwave background polarimeter, and a laboratory exposure of SPIDER flight hardware to radioactive sources. We find manageable glitch rates and short glitch durations, leading to minimal effect on SPIDER analysis. We constrain energy propagation within the substrate through a study of multi-detector coincidences, and give a preliminary look at pulse shapes in laboratory data., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors
Published: 2019

41. A Detection of CMB-Cluster Lensing using Polarization Data from SPTpol

Author: Benjamin Saliwanchik, C. L. Chang, V. G. Yefremenko, Sebastian Bocquet, C. Corbett Moran, Devon L. Hollowood, J. A. Beall, N. Huang, Jessica Avva, A. E. Lowitz, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, Peter A. R. Ade, Nikhel Gupta, J. E. Ruhl, Yanxi Zhang, Pablo Fosalba, Stephen Padin, Marcelle Soares-Santos, J. D. Hrubes, G. Gutierrez, Elizabeth George, Tesla E. Jeltema, Joseph J. Mohr, K. Vanderlinde, Gene C. Hilton, A. Roodman, Tommaso Giannantonio, K. T. Story, Valentine Novosad, Srinivasan Raghunathan, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, H. C. Chiang, Robert I. Citron, Bradford Benson, Gensheng Wang, Jason Gallicchio, N. W. Halverson, Antony A. Stark, Chang Feng, T. Natoli, G. P. Holder, T. Veach, A. A. Plazas, M. Costanzi, C. Sievers, Shantanu Desai, Michael Schubnell, Jason W. Henning, D. L. Burke, Dale Li, Carole Tucker, Mathew Smith, Christian L. Reichardt, B. Flaugher, Jason E. Austermann, Ramon Miquel, S. S. Meyer, M. A. G. Maia, N. L. Harrington, John E. Carlstrom, Matt Dobbs, Peter Melchior, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, L. M. Mocanu, G. I. Noble, Joaquin Vieira, Federico Bianchini, Graeme Smecher, J. P. Dietrich, Nathan Whitehorn, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Juan Garcia-Bellido, T. McClintock, N. Kuropatkin, Eduardo Rozo, J. De Vicente, T. M. Crawford, Peter Doel, J. T. Sayre, T. N. Varga, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, Amy N. Bender, L. N. da Costa, A. K. Romer, H. T. Diehl, Felipe Menanteau, David Bacon, W. L. K. Wu, J. Carretero, K. K. Schaffer, Jennifer L. Marshall, M. Carrasco Kind, Joshua Montgomery, Johannes Hubmayr, Gregory Tarle, J. Gschwend, Joshua A. Frieman, David Rapetti, A. J. Gilbert, S. Serrano, Adam Anderson, Enrique Gaztanaga, Jeff McMahon, K. Honscheid, Eli S. Rykoff, Eric J. Baxter, Vinu Vikram, R. L. C. Ogando, Marcos Lima, T. de Haan, V. Scarpine, S. Patil, John P. Nibarger, Andrew Nadolski, A. Carnero Rosell, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, Ofer Lahav, S. Everett, C. Pryke, Lindsey Bleem, F. J. Castander, E. J. Sanchez, Santiago Avila, A. T. Crites, Raghunathan, S., Patil, S., Baxter, E., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Crawford, T. M., Holder, G. P., Mcclintock, T., Reichardt, C. L., Varga, T. N., Whitehorn, N., Ade, P. A. R., Allam, S., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avila, S., Avva, J. S., Bacon, D., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Bianchini, F., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carlstrom, J. E., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Citron, R., Costanzi, M., Crites, A. T., Da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dobbs, M. A., Doel, P., Everett, S., Evrard, A. E., Feng, C., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gallicchio, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., George, E. M., Giannantonio, T., Gilbert, A., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., De Haan, T., Halverson, N. W., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hollowood, D. L., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Jeltema, T., Kind, M. C., Knox, L., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lee, A. T., Li, D., Lima, M., Lowitz, A., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Mcmahon, J. J., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Meyer, S. S., Miquel, R., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Montgomery, J., Moran, C. C., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Ogando, R. L. C., Padin, S., Plazas, A. A., Pryke, C., Rapetti, D., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosell, A. C., Rozo, E., Ruhl, J. E., Rykoff, E. S., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sanchez, E., Sayre, J. T., Scarpine, V., Schaffer, K. K., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Veach, T., De Vicente, J., Vieira, J. D., Vikram, V., Wang, G., W. L. K., Wu, Yefremenko, V., and Zhang, Y.
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic microwave background Gravitational lenses Galaxy Clusters, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, RCUK, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Gravitational lens, 0103 physical sciences, astro-ph.CO, Dark energy, Cluster (physics), 010306 general physics, STFC, Galaxy cluster, Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the first detection of gravitational lensing due to galaxy clusters using only the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The lensing signal is obtained using a new estimator that extracts the lensing dipole signature from stacked images formed by rotating the cluster-centered Stokes $Q/U$ map cutouts along the direction of the locally measured background CMB polarization gradient. Using data from the SPTpol 500 deg$^{2}$ survey at the locations of roughly 18,000 clusters with richness $\lambda \ge 10$ from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year-3 full galaxy cluster catalog, we detect lensing at $4.8\sigma$. The mean stacked mass of the selected sample is found to be $(1.43 \pm 0.4)\ \times 10^{14}\ {\rm M_{\odot}}$ which is in good agreement with optical weak lensing based estimates using DES data and CMB-lensing based estimates using SPTpol temperature data. This measurement is a key first step for cluster cosmology with future low-noise CMB surveys, like CMB-S4, for which CMB polarization will be the primary channel for cluster lensing measurements., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; typos fixed; accepted for publication in PRL
Published: 2019

42. Consistency of cosmic microwave background temperature measurements in three frequency bands in the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey

Author: John E. Carlstrom, Daniel M. Luong-Van, T. de Haan, Bradford Benson, K. T. Story, Joseph J. Mohr, J. T. Sayre, R. Chown, T. M. Crawford, Adrian T. Lee, Z. K. Staniszewski, N. W. Halverson, W. B. Everett, W. L. Holzapfel, N. L. Harrington, Jason W. Henning, C. L. Chang, Marius Millea, C. Pryke, M. A. Dobbs, K. Aylor, Jeff McMahon, J. D. Hrubes, Lindsey Bleem, R. Williamson, Christian L. Reichardt, Y. Omori, Lloyd Knox, A. T. Crites, J. E. Ruhl, Erik Shirokoff, Joaquin Vieira, Elizabeth George, Keith Vanderlinde, S. S. Meyer, Stephen Padin, Zhen Hou, G. P. Holder, T. Natoli, H-M. Cho, K. K. Schaffer, L. M. Mocanu, Daniel P. Marrone, W. L. K. Wu, and Antony A. Stark
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Temperature measurement, Radio spectrum, South Pole Telescope, Consistency (statistics), Sky, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Noise (radio), media_common, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an internal consistency test of South Pole Telescope (SPT) measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropy using three-band data from the SPT-SZ survey. These measurements are made from observations of ~2500 deg^2 of sky in three frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. We combine the information from these three bands into six semi-independent estimates of the CMB power spectrum (three single-frequency power spectra and three cross-frequency spectra) over the multipole range 650 < l < 3000. We subtract an estimate of foreground power from each power spectrum and evaluate the consistency among the resulting CMB-only spectra. We determine that the six foreground-cleaned power spectra are consistent with the null hypothesis, in which the six cleaned spectra contain only CMB power and noise. A fit of the data to this model results in a chi-squared value of 236.3 for 235 degrees of freedom, and the probability to exceed this chi-squared value is 46%., 21 pages, 4 figures, current version matches version published in JCAP
Published: 2019

43. Design and Bolometer Characterization of the SPT-3G First-year Focal Plane

Author: Volodymyr Yefremenko, Thomas Cecil, A. E. Lowitz, Jason W. Henning, Ki Won Yoon, Nathan Whitehorn, Valentine Novosad, W. B. Everett, A. M. Kofman, Peter A. R. Ade, K. T. Story, Jason E. Austermann, T. Natoli, M. Korman, Graeme Smecher, Kent D. Irwin, A. Cukierman, N. W. Halverson, W. L. Holzapfel, A. Foster, Donna Kubik, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, Trupti Khaire, H. T. Nguyen, Joshua Montgomery, Q. Y. Tang, Gene C. Hilton, Chao-Lin Kuo, Carole Tucker, J. T. Sayre, N. Huang, Faustin Carter, Erik Shirokoff, A. Gilbert, C. L. Chang, Junjia Ding, J. E. Ruhl, John Groh, Daniel Michalik, Zeeshan Ahmed, Adam Anderson, Gensheng Wang, M. A. Dobbs, Leila R. Vale, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Lauren J. Saunders, Z. Pan, R. Basu Thakur, Amy N. Bender, J. A. Sobrin, C. M. Posada, Steve Kuhlmann, Joaquin Vieira, S. S. Meyer, Aaron Lee, D. Dutcher, I. Shirley, E. V. Denison, Jessica Avva, Keith Vanderlinde, Stephen Padin, John E. Carlstrom, G. I. Noble, John E. Pearson, T. de Haan, R. N. Gannon, Bradford Benson, J. F. Cliche, M. R. Young, Keith L. Thompson, M. Jonas, A. Nadolski, Aritoki Suzuki, N. L. Harrington, Antony A. Stark, and Oliver Jeong
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010302 applied physics, Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Bolometer, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cardinal point, South Pole Telescope, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: During the austral summer of 2016-17, the third-generation camera, SPT-3G, was installed on the South Pole Telescope, increasing the detector count in the focal plane by an order of magnitude relative to the previous generation. Designed to map the polarization of the cosmic microwave background, SPT-3G contains ten 6-in-hexagonal modules of detectors, each with 269 trichroic and dual-polarization pixels, read out using 68x frequency-domain multiplexing. Here we discuss design, assembly, and layout of the modules, as well as early performance characterization of the first-year array, including yield and detector properties., Conference proceeding for Low Temperature Detectors 2017. Accepted for publication: 27 August 2018
Published: 2019

44. Mass calibration of optically selected DES clusters using a measurement of CMB-cluster lensing with SPTpol data

Author: John E. Carlstrom, D. L. Burke, A. E. Evrard, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Bertin, T. L. Chou, J. Hubmayr, D. Rapetti, G. Gutierrez, Robert I. Citron, M. E.C. Swanson, Jeff McMahon, J. Gschwend, Flavia Sobreira, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, Jason W. Henning, S. Serrano, N. L. Harrington, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, K. Honscheid, Joaquin Vieira, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, Daniel Gruen, A. A. Plazas, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Yanxi Zhang, Michael Schubnell, Peter Melchior, T. de Haan, Tianjun Li, J. Carretero, Peter A. R. Ade, Bradford Benson, Amy N. Bender, B. Flaugher, K. T. Story, C. L. Davis, V. Scarpine, L. E. Bleem, Srinivasan Raghunathan, H. C. Chiang, Keith Bechtol, Christian L. Reichardt, K. K. Schaffer, Felipe Menanteau, Valentine Novosad, Graeme Smecher, Ramon Miquel, P. Doel, Gregory Tarle, T. Jeltema, C. L. Chang, David J. James, J. P. Dietrich, Benjamin Saliwanchik, R. C. Smith, W. G. Hartley, Federico Bianchini, Gensheng Wang, Ben Hoyle, Gilbert Holder, Nathan Whitehorn, D. L. Hollowood, Pablo Fosalba, John P. Nibarger, Andrew Nadolski, Gene C. Hilton, K. Vanderlinde, David Brooks, Elizabeth George, M. A. G. Maia, C. J. Miller, A. K. Romer, Jason Gallicchio, T. Natoli, T. M. Crawford, E. J. Baxter, A. Carnero Rosell, J. E. Ruhl, Carole Tucker, Enrique Gaztanaga, Joshua Montgomery, H-M. Cho, N. W. Halverson, András Kovács, J. De Vicente, A. G. Kim, E. Suchyta, Antony A. Stark, M. A. Dobbs, Salcedo Romero de Ávila, C. Pryke, Stephen Padin, Marcos Lima, J. A. Beall, S. S. Meyer, M. Carrasco Kind, Nikhel Gupta, T. McClintock, N. Kuropatkin, J. T. Sayre, T. N. Varga, L. N. da Costa, E. Rozo, J. Annis, J. E. Austermann, Joshua A. Frieman, Z. Hou, Kyler Kuehn, Jennifer L. Marshall, Daniel Thomas, Marcelle Soares-Santos, W. B. Everett, S. Patil, Carlos E. Cunha, A. T. Crites, S. Desai, T. F. Eifler, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, Kent D. Irwin, Lindsey Bleem, L. M. Mocanu, H. T. Diehl, W. L. K. Wu, W. L. Holzapfel, Gary Bernstein, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), gravitational lensing: weak, weak [gravitational lensing], 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), clusters: general [galaxies], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Galaxy cluster, QC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, RCUK, Estimator, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: clusters: general, astro-ph.CO, Dark energy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We use cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps from the 500 deg$^{2}$ SPTpol survey to measure the stacked lensing convergence of galaxy clusters from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year-3 redMaPPer (RM) cluster catalog. The lensing signal is extracted through a modified quadratic estimator designed to be unbiased by the thermal Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich (tSZ) effect. The modified estimator uses a tSZ-free map, constructed from the SPTpol 95 and 150 GHz datasets, to estimate the background CMB gradient. For lensing reconstruction, we employ two versions of the RM catalog: a flux-limited sample containing 4003 clusters and a volume-limited sample with 1741 clusters. We detect lensing at a significance of 8.7$\sigma$(6.7$\sigma$) with the flux(volume)-limited sample. By modeling the reconstructed convergence using the Navarro-Frenk-White profile, we find the average lensing masses to be $M_{200m}$ = ($1.62^{+0.32}_{-0.25}$ [stat.] $\pm$ 0.04 [sys.]) and ($1.28^{+0.14}_{-0.18}$ [stat.] $\pm$ 0.03 [sys.]) $\times\ 10^{14}\ M_{\odot}$ for the volume- and flux-limited samples respectively. The systematic error budget is much smaller than the statistical uncertainty and is dominated by the uncertainties in the RM cluster centroids. We use the volume-limited sample to calibrate the normalization of the mass-richness scaling relation, and find a result consistent with the galaxy weak-lensing measurements from DES (Mcclintock et al. 2018)., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, published in ApJ
Published: 2019

45. Cosmological lensing ratios with DES Y1, SPT and Planck

Author: M. A. G. Maia, Shantanu Desai, C. L. Chang, J. D. Hrubes, J. De Vicente, Erik Shirokoff, Antony A. Stark, A. Alarcon, H. T. Diehl, Erin Sheldon, David Brooks, David Bacon, M. E. C. Swanson, Andrina Nicola, Alistair R. Walker, Markus Rau, Marcelle Soares-Santos, T. Natoli, N. W. Halverson, Niall MacCrann, Y. Omori, J. E. Ruhl, Flavia Sobreira, David J. James, H-M. Cho, Pablo Fosalba, K. Vanderlinde, Marcos Lima, Kyler Kuehn, Ben Hoyle, Joseph J. Mohr, M. A. Dobbs, E. Suchyta, E. M. Leitch, O. Friedrich, M. Smith, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, Daniel Gruen, Vinu Vikram, August E. Evrard, Jennifer L. Marshall, Filipe B. Abdalla, M. Gatti, Richard G. Kron, J. Prat, J. P. Dietrich, Juan Garcia-Bellido, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, S. S. Meyer, Peter Melchior, R. Cawthon, K. T. Story, N. L. Harrington, Robert A. Gruendl, G. Gutierrez, C. Pryke, B. Flaugher, L. M. Mocanu, G. Simard, D. W. Gerdes, Tesla E. Jeltema, G. P. Holder, Daniel Thomas, Bhuvnesh Jain, Michael Troxel, Christian L. Reichardt, J. Carretero, Matt J. Jarvis, T. de Haan, Z. Hou, P. Vielzeuf, Bradford Benson, Tim Eifler, V. Scarpine, T. M. Crawford, J. Annis, C. J. Miller, Daniel P. Marrone, E. Bertin, R. Williamson, C. Davis, N. Kuropatkin, J. T. Sayre, M. Carrasco Kind, L. N. da Costa, R. Chown, A. Pujol, Ofer Lahav, K. Aylor, K. K. Schaffer, J. Gschwend, Gary Bernstein, A. K. Romer, D. Luong-Van, W. B. Everett, Enrique Gaztanaga, Elisabeth Krause, Ramon Miquel, P. Doel, S. Serrano, Jochen Weller, W. L. Holzapfel, C. Sánchez, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, Scott Dodelson, Santiago Avila, Chihway Chang, Carlos E. Cunha, A. T. Crites, Joe Zuntz, B. Mawdsley, Lindsey Bleem, A. Manzotti, Z. K. Staniszewski, W. G. Hartley, S. Samuroff, T. Shin, Stephen Padin, A. Roodman, Tommaso Giannantonio, Felipe Menanteau, A. A. Plazas, Oliver Zahn, Gregory Tarle, Joaquin Vieira, Eli S. Rykoff, D. L. Burke, John E. Carlstrom, Eric J. Baxter, Jeff McMahon, K. Honscheid, Elizabeth George, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, and SPT
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, gravitational lensing: weak, 0103 physical sciences, LENTES GRAVITACIONAIS, Planck, cosmological parameters, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Photometric redshift, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Matter power spectrum, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, South Pole Telescope, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, cosmology: observations, Dark energy, symbols, astro-ph.CO, large-scale structure of Universe, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Correlations between tracers of the matter density field and gravitational lensing are sensitive to the evolution of the matter power spectrum and the expansion rate across cosmic time. Appropriately defined ratios of such correlation functions, on the other hand, depend only on the angular diameter distances to the tracer objects and to the gravitational lensing source planes. Because of their simple cosmological dependence, such ratios can exploit available signal-to-noise down to small angular scales, even where directly modeling the correlation functions is difficult. We present a measurement of lensing ratios using galaxy position and lensing data from the Dark Energy Survey, and CMB lensing data from the South Pole Telescope and Planck, obtaining the highest precision lensing ratio measurements to date. Relative to the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model, we find a best fit lensing ratio amplitude of $A = 1.1 \pm 0.1$. We use the ratio measurements to generate cosmological constraints, focusing on the curvature parameter. We demonstrate that photometrically selected galaxies can be used to measure lensing ratios, and argue that future lensing ratio measurements with data from a combination of LSST and Stage-4 CMB experiments can be used to place interesting cosmological constraints, even after considering the systematic uncertainties associated with photometric redshift and galaxy shear estimation., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2019

46. Broadband, millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for large-format, cryogenic aluminum oxide optics

Author: N. Huang, W. L. Holzapfel, W. B. Everett, Jason Gallicchio, Z. Ahmed, A. E. Gambrel, Marion Dierickx, J. A. Sobrin, Jason W. Henning, T. de Haan, S. S. Meyer, A. Suzuki, Joaquin Vieira, D. Dutcher, S. Guns, K. W. Yoon, J. Stephen, Graeme Smecher, K. Vanderlinde, Andrew Nadolski, Aled Jones, Lincoln Bryant, Valentine Novosad, J. C. Groh, D. Howe, C. M. Po sada, H. Nguyen, J. Fu, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, T. Natoli, Faustin Carter, L. Florez, John M Kovac, A. Foster, J. T. Sayre, Thomas Cecil, Erik Shirokoff, A. Lowitz, Antony A. Stark, P. Paschos, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, C. L. Kuo, Kent D. Irwin, J. E. Ruhl, A. M. Kofman, Daniel Michalik, K. R. Ferguson, C. Tucker, J. Cheshire, Adam Anderson, M. R. Young, Grace E. Chesmore, Gensheng Wang, M. Korman, Donna Kubik, V. G. Yefremenko, W. Quan, S. Padin, J. F. Cliche, Jeff McMahon, John E. Pearson, J. Meier, Jessica Avva, A. Cukierman, R. Guyser, Andreas Bender, G. I. Noble, M. Jonas, C. Tandoi, N. W. Halverson, Peter A. R. Ade, R. J. Harris, K. T. Story, Bradford Benson, Nathan Whitehorn, N. L. Harrington, Joshua Montgomery, D. Riebel, K. L. Thompson, Z. Pan, Oliver Jeong, Robert Gardner, John E. Carlstrom, J. Farwick, Adrian T. Lee, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, and Chihway Chang
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Fabrication, Oxide, FOS: Physical sciences, Dielectric, Substrate (electronics), Lenslet, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Transmittance, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry, engineering, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Refractive index
Abstract: We present two prescriptions for broadband (~77 - 252 GHz), millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for cryogenic, sintered polycrystalline aluminum oxide optics: one for large-format (700 mm diameter) planar and plano-convex elements, the other for densely packed arrays of quasi-optical elements, in our case 5 mm diameter half-spheres (called "lenslets"). The coatings comprise three layers of commercially-available, polytetrafluoroethylene-based, dielectric sheet material. The lenslet coating is molded to fit the 150 mm diameter arrays directly while the large-diameter lenses are coated using a tiled approach. We review the fabrication processes for both prescriptions then discuss laboratory measurements of their transmittance and reflectance. In addition, we present the inferred refractive indices and loss tangents for the coating materials and the aluminum oxide substrate. We find that at 150 GHz and 300 K the large-format coating sample achieves (97 +/- 2)% transmittance and the lenslet coating sample achieves (94 +/- 3)% transmittance., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures; submitted 05 Dec 2019, accepted 26 Feb 2020
Published: 2019
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47. 280 GHz Focal Plane Unit Design and Characterization for the Spider-2 Suborbital Polarimeter

Author: Gene C. Hilton, J. Austermann, A. E. Gambrel, W. Holmes, A. S. Bergman, Peter A. R. Ade, Lorenzo Moncelsi, R. S. Domagalski, C. Shiu, Ingunn Kathrine Wehus, L. J. Romualdez, Viktor Hristov, A. C. Weber, S. Li, Matthew Hasselfield, Laura M. Fissel, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Carl D. Reintsema, Jon E. Gudmundsson, M. Galloway, Kent D. Irwin, Marzieh Farhang, Marcus Runyan, Calvin B. Netterfield, Arpi Grigorian, W. C. Jones, Anthony D. Turner, S. Akers, H. C. Chiang, B. Racine, Carole Tucker, T. M. Ruud, Zhiqi Huang, R. Gualtieri, Donald V. Wiebe, Johanna Nagy, Susan Redmond, B. Osherson, J. F. van der List, A. Khan, James A. Beall, K. G. Megerian, Amy Trangsrud, Joel N. Ullom, S. Wen, Sean Bryan, J. Hartley, Jamil A. Shariff, Michael R. Vissers, Zigmund Kermish, Natalie N. Gandilo, P. V. Mason, Ivan L. Padilla, Adri Duivenvoorden, Johannes Hubmayr, Mark Halpern, E. C. Shaw, Ken Ganga, A. A. Fraisse, Steven J. Benton, H. K. Eriksen, Michael R. Nolta, T. A. Morford, Shannon M. Duff, Katherine Freese, Juan D. Soler, J. R. Bond, Carlo R. Contaldi, Chao-Lin Kuo, James J. Bock, J. E. Ruhl, R. S. Tucker, Mandana Amiri, X. Song, E. Y. Young, Daniel T. Becker, O. Doré, Alexandra S. Rahlin, J. Van Lanen, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), SPIDER, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and Science and Technology Facilities Council
Subjects: Transition-edge sensors, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Scientific ballooning, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Magnetic shielding, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Detector packaging, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimeter, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cardinal point, Amplitude, Electromagnetic shielding, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: International audience; We describe the construction and characterization of the 280 GHz bolometric focal plane units (FPUs) to be deployed on the second flight of the balloon-borne Spider instrument. These FPUs are vital to Spider’s primary science goal of detecting or placing an upper limit on the amplitude of the primordial gravitational wave signature in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by constraining the B-mode contamination in the CMB from Galactic dust emission. Each 280 GHz focal plane contains a $16 \times 16$ grid of corrugated silicon feedhorns coupled to an array of aluminum–manganese transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers fabricated on 150 mm diameter substrates. In total, the three 280 GHz FPUs contain 1530 polarization-sensitive bolometers (765 spatial pixels) optimized for the low loading environment in flight and read out by time-division SQUID multiplexing. In this paper, we describe the mechanical, thermal, and magnetic shielding architecture of the focal planes and present cryogenic measurements which characterize yield and the uniformity of several bolometer parameters. The assembled FPUs have high yields, with one array as high as 95% including defects from wiring and readout. We demonstrate high uniformity in device parameters, finding the median saturation power for each TES array to be $\sim $ 3 pW at 300 mK with a less than 6% variation across each array at $1\sigma $ . These focal planes will be deployed alongside the 95 and 150 GHz telescopes in the Spider-2 instrument, slated to fly from McMurdo Station in Antarctica in December 2018.
Published: 2018

48. Tuning SPT-3G transition-edge-sensor electrical properties with a four-ayer Ti–Au–Ti–Au thin-film stack

Author: T. de Haan, A. Cukierman, P. A. R. Ade, Daniel Michalik, W. B. Everett, Gensheng Wang, Trupti Khaire, C. L. Kuo, Joshua Montgomery, Andrew Nadolski, Zeeshan Ahmed, Amy N. Bender, V. Kutepova, C. S. Miller, Q. Y. Tang, K. T. Story, N. L. Harrington, Liliana Stan, D. Dutcher, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, John E. Pearson, Jessica Avva, Carole Tucker, Bradford Benson, Erik Shirokoff, Stephen Padin, N. W. Halverson, Nathan Whitehorn, Kent D. Irwin, C. M. Posada, W. L. Holzapfel, J. F. Cliche, Aaron Lee, Joaquin Vieira, J. A. Sobrin, Donna Kubik, H. Nguyen, Jason E. Austermann, S. S. Meyer, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, A. E. Lowitz, I. Shirley, J. T. Sayre, L. J. Saunders, K. W. Yoon, A. M. Kofman, Graeme Smecher, N. Huang, G. I. Noble, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, M. Korman, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, K. Vanderlinde, Jason W. Henning, R. N. Gannon, M. R. Young, John E. Carlstrom, Oliver Jeong, A. A. Stark, Thomas Cecil, T. Natoli, A. Foster, V. Novosad, John Groh, J. E. Ruhl, Leila R. Vale, M. A. Dobbs, K. L. Thompson, Z. Pan, Faustin Carter, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, E. V. Denison, V. G. Yefremenko, and Ralu Divan
Subjects: Superconductivity, Materials science, business.industry, Transition temperature, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Stack (abstract data type), 0103 physical sciences, Proximity effect (audio), Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Thin film, Transition edge sensor, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: We have developed superconducting Ti transition-edge sensors with Au protection layers on the top and bottom for the South Pole Telescope’s third-generation receiver (a cosmic microwave background polarimeter, due to be upgraded this austral summer of 2017/2018). The base Au layer (deposited on a thin Ti glue layer) isolates the Ti from any substrate effects; the top Au layer protects the Ti from oxidation during processing and subsequent use of the sensors. We control the transition temperature and normal resistance of the sensors by varying the sensor width and the relative thicknesses of the Ti and Au layers. The transition temperature is roughly six times more sensitive to the thickness of the base Au layer than to that of the top Au layer. The normal resistance is inversely proportional to sensor width for any given film configuration. For widths greater than five micrometers, the critical temperature is independent of width.
Published: 2018

49. SPT-3G: a multichroic receiver for the South Pole Telescope

Author: N. Kuklev, H. M. Cho, Faustin Carter, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, E. V. Denison, N. Huang, V. G. Yefremenko, Christian L. Reichardt, Peter S. Barry, K. L. Thompson, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Z. Pan, Gilbert Holder, A. A. Stark, N. W. Halverson, T. de Haan, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, Kent D. Irwin, N. L. Harrington, John Groh, W. L. Holzapfel, Q. Y. Tang, Jessica Avva, A. Cukierman, John E. Carlstrom, Donna Kubik, T. Natoli, A. E. Lowitz, John E. Pearson, Stephen Padin, Bradford Benson, J. E. Ruhl, Jason W. Henning, W. B. Everett, Carole Tucker, Leila R. Vale, A. Foster, Daniel Michalik, Thomas Cecil, Gensheng Wang, Jason E. Austermann, Valentine Novosad, J. A. Sobrin, K. W. Yoon, Oliver Jeong, H. Nguyen, Graeme Smecher, Lindsey Bleem, Amy N. Bender, S. S. Meyer, R. N. Gannon, Karen Byrum, L. J. Saunders, J. F. Cliche, D. Dutcher, C. M. Posada, M. R. Young, K. Vanderlinde, I. Shirley, Steve Kuhlmann, Matt Dobbs, Joaquin Vieira, Lloyd Knox, G. I. Noble, A. M. Kofman, C. L. Kuo, T. M. Crawford, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, Zeeshan Ahmed, Peter A. R. Ade, K. T. Story, Nathan Whitehorn, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, J. T. Sayre, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, E. M. Leitch, M. Korman, Erik Shirokoff, Aaron Lee, and Andrew Nadolski
Subjects: Physics, Gravitational wave, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Gravitational lens, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster
Abstract: A new receiver for the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, was deployed in early 2017 to map the cosmic microwave background at 95, 150, and 220 GHz with ∼ \ud ∼\ud 16,000 detectors, 10 times more than its predecessor SPTpol. The increase in detector count is made possible by lenslet-coupled trichroic polarization-sensitive pixels fabricated at Argonne National Laboratory, new 68× \ud ×\ud frequency-domain multiplexing readout electronics, and a higher-throughput optical design. The enhanced sensitivity of SPT-3G will enable a wide range of results including constraints on primordial B-mode polarization, measurements of gravitational lensing of the CMB, and a galaxy cluster survey. Here we present an overview of the instrument and its science objectives, highlighting its measured performance and plans for the upcoming 2018 observing season.
Published: 2018

50. Particle Physics with the Cosmic Microwave Background with SPT-3G

Author: A. Cukierman, M. A. Dobbs, Thomas Cecil, Aaron Lee, W. L. K. Wu, P. A. R. Ade, Trupti Khaire, J. A. Sobrin, Joshua Montgomery, Jason Gallicchio, S. S. Meyer, Zeeshan Ahmed, S. Padin, Robert Gardner, Amy N. Bender, G. P. Holder, Keith L. Thompson, A. E. Gambrel, Faustin Carter, J. E. Ruhl, D. Dutcher, Junjia Ding, Kent D. Irwin, T. M. Crawford, J. Stephen, Ki Won Yoon, T. Natoli, Carole Tucker, K. T. Story, M. R. Young, K. R. Ferguson, A. E. Lowitz, Jason W. Henning, A. Foster, Aled Jones, Volodymyr Yefremenko, John E. Pearson, Adam Anderson, Graeme Smecher, Antony A. Stark, Nathan Whitehorn, Lincoln Bryant, N. W. Halverson, G. I. Noble, W. L. Holzapfel, Oliver Jeong, John E. Carlstrom, T. de Haan, P. Paschos, V. Novosad, Donna Kubik, N. Huang, Srinivasan Raghunathan, D. Riebel, Z. Pan, Sebastian Bocquet, W. B. Everett, Chao-Lin Kuo, Christian L. Reichardt, John Groh, Lloyd Knox, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, M. Jonas, A. Nadolski, Aritoki Suzuki, W. Quan, Jessica Avva, C. M. Posada, Erik Shirokoff, Steve Kuhlmann, Joaquin Vieira, S. Guns, J. T. Sayre, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, Keith Vanderlinde, H. T. Nguyen, M. Korman, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Scott Dodelson, R. Basu Thakur, C. L. Chang, D. Howe, Lindsey Bleem, K. Aylor, A. M. Kofman, Bradford Benson, and N. L. Harrington
Subjects: Physics, History, Sterile neutrino, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Universe, Computer Science Applications, Education, Relativistic particle, South Pole Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, Angular resolution, Neutrino, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: The cosmic microwave background (CMB) encodes information about the content and evolution of the universe. The presence of light, weakly interacting particles impacts the expansion history of the early universe, which alters the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB. In this way, current measurements of the CMB place interesting constraints on the neutrino energy density and mass, as well as on the abundance of other possible light relativistic particle species. We present the status of an on-going 1500 sq. deg. survey with the SPT-3G receiver, a new mm-wavelength camera on the 10-m diameter South Pole Telescope (SPT). The SPT-3G camera consists of 16,000 superconducting transition edge sensors, a 10x increase over the previous generation camera, which allows it to map the CMB with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and angular resolution. We highlight projected constraints on the abundance of sterile neutrinos and the sum of the neutrino masses for the SPT-3G survey, which could help determine the neutrino mass hierarchy., 6 pages, 2 figures, TAUP 2019
Published: 2020

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