Author: "Itow, Y." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The XLZD collaboration is developing a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with an active mass of 60 to 80 t capable of probing the remaining WIMP-nucleon interaction parameter space down to the so-called neutrino fog. In this work we show that, based on the performance of currently operating detectors using the same technology and a realistic reduction of radioactivity in detector materials, such an experiment will also be able to competitively search for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe using a natural-abundance xenon target. XLZD can reach a 3$\sigma$ discovery potential half-life of 5.7$\times$10$^{27}$ yr (and a 90% CL exclusion of 1.3$\times$10$^{28}$ yr) with 10 years of data taking, corresponding to a Majorana mass range of 7.3-31.3 meV (4.8-20.5 meV). XLZD will thus exclude the inverted neutrino mass ordering parameter space and will start to probe the normal ordering region for most of the nuclear matrix elements commonly considered by the community., Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

2. The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for a next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. The detector will have an active liquid xenon target mass of 60-80 tonnes and is proposed by the XENON-LUX-ZEPLIN-DARWIN (XLZD) collaboration. The design is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology of the current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. A baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components are discussed. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3$\sigma$ evidence potential for the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as $3\times10^{-49}\rm cm^2$ (at 40 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass). The observatory is also projected to have a 3$\sigma$ observation potential of neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at a half-life of up to $5.7\times 10^{27}$ years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the atmosphere, sun, and galactic supernovae., Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024

3. Model-independent searches of new physics in DARWIN with a semi-supervised deep learning pipeline

Author: Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Balzer, M., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Giacomobono, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Kahlert, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, A., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qin, J., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stevens, A., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Utoyama, M., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wilson, M., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wu, V. H. S., Wüstling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present a novel deep learning pipeline to perform a model-independent, likelihood-free search for anomalous (i.e., non-background) events in the proposed next generation multi-ton scale liquid Xenon-based direct detection experiment, DARWIN. We train an anomaly detector comprising a variational autoencoder and a classifier on extensive, high-dimensional simulated detector response data and construct a one-dimensional anomaly score optimised to reject the background only hypothesis in the presence of an excess of non-background-like events. We benchmark the procedure with a sensitivity study that determines its power to reject the background-only hypothesis in the presence of an injected WIMP dark matter signal, outperforming the classical, likelihood-based background rejection test. We show that our neural networks learn relevant energy features of the events from low-level, high-dimensional detector outputs, without the need to compress this data into lower-dimensional observables, thus reducing computational effort and information loss. For the future, our approach lays the foundation for an efficient end-to-end pipeline that eliminates the need for many of the corrections and cuts that are traditionally part of the analysis chain, with the potential of achieving higher accuracy and significant reduction of analysis time., Comment: 10 Figures, 3 Tables, 23 Pages (incl. references)
Published: 2024

4. Search for proton decay via $p\rightarrow{e^+\eta}$ and $p\rightarrow{\mu^+\eta}$ with a 0.37 Mton-year exposure of Super-Kamiokande

Author: Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Taniuchi, N., Abe, K., Abe, S., Asaoka, Y., Bronner, C., Harada, M., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Pronost, G., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Mirabito, J., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Jang, M. C., Kim, J. Y., Lee, S. H., Lim, I. T., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Yang, B. S., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchêne, A., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Rogly, R., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Prouse, N. W., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Calabria, N. F., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Langella, A., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Feltre, M., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Périssé, L., Quilain, B., Fujisawa, C., Horiuchi, S., Kobayashi, M., Liu, Y. M., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Yrey, A. Portocarrero, Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Boschi, T., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Ramsden, R. M., Taani, M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Zhong, H., Feng, J., Feng, L., Han, S., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kawaue, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarrant, A., Wilking, M. J., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Yoshioka, Y., Lagoda, J., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Shi, W., Yanagisawa, C., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Ishizuka, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Jung, S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Stowell, P., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Lakshmi, S. M., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Lee, M. W., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Eguchi, A., Goto, S., Iwamoto, K., Mizuno, Y., Muro, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Jesús-Valls, C., Martens, K., Marti, Ll., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Matsumoto, R., Terada, K., Asaka, R., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Nakano, Y., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Wu, Y., Xu, B. D., Zhang, A. Q., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Sasaki, R., Shibayama, R., Shimamura, R., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A search for proton decay into $e^+/\mu^+$ and a $\eta$ meson has been performed using data from a 0.373 Mton$\cdot$year exposure (6050.3 live days) of Super-Kamiokande. Compared to previous searches this work introduces an improved model of the intranuclear $\eta$ interaction cross section, resulting in a factor of two reduction in uncertainties from this source and $\sim$10\% increase in signal efficiency. No significant data excess was found above the expected number of atmospheric neutrino background events resulting in no indication of proton decay into either mode. Lower limits on the proton partial lifetime of $1.4\times\mathrm{10^{34}~years}$ for $p\rightarrow e^+\eta$ and $7.3\times\mathrm{10^{33}~years}$ for $p\rightarrow \mu^+\eta$ at the 90$\%$ C.L. were set. These limits are around 1.5 times longer than our previous study and are the most stringent to date.
Published: 2024

5. First Search for Light Dark Matter in the Neutrino Fog with XENONnT

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Morabit, S. el, Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Szyszka, C., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We search for dark matter (DM) with a mass [3,12] $\mathrm{GeV} / c^2$ using an exposure of 3.51 $\mathrm{t} \times \mathrm{y}$ with the XENONnT experiment. We consider spin-independent, spin-dependent, momentum-dependent, mirror DM, and self-interacting DM with a light mediator coupling to Standard Model particles. Using a lowered energy threshold compared to the previous WIMP search, a blind analysis of [0.5, 5.0] $\mathrm{keV}$ nuclear recoil events reveals no significant signal excess over the background. XENONnT excludes spin-independent DM-nucleon cross sections $>2.5 \times 10^{-45} \mathrm{~cm}^2$ at $90 \%$ confidence level for 6 $\mathrm{GeV} / c^2$ DM. The solar ${ }^8 \mathrm{B}$ neutrino coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering background accounts for approximately half of the background in the signal region. In the considered mass range, the DM sensitivity approaches the 'neutrino fog', the limitation where neutrinos produce a signal that is indistinguishable from that of light DM-xenon nucleus scattering.
Published: 2024

6. XENONnT Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyoergy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: The XENONnT experiment, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, features a 5.9 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber surrounded by an instrumented neutron veto, all of which is housed within a muon veto water tank. Due to extensive shielding and advanced purification to mitigate natural radioactivity, an exceptionally low background level of (15.8 $\pm$ 1.3) events/(tonne$\cdot$year$\cdot$keV) in the (1, 30) keV region is reached in the inner part of the TPC. XENONnT is thus sensitive to a wide range of rare phenomena related to Dark Matter and Neutrino interactions, both within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, with a focus on the direct detection of Dark Matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). From May 2021 to December 2021, XENONnT accumulated data in rare-event search mode with a total exposure of one tonne $\cdot$ year. This paper provides a detailed description of the signal reconstruction methods, event selection procedure, and detector response calibration, as well as an overview of the detector performance in this time frame. This work establishes the foundational framework for the `blind analysis' methodology we are using when reporting XENONnT physics results., Comment: 27 pages, 23 figures
Published: 2024

7. First Measurement of Solar $^8$B Neutrinos via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with XENONnT

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar $^8$B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background, two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9\,t sensitive liquid xenon target. A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51\,t$\times$y resulted in 37 observed events above 0.5\,keV, with ($26.4^{+1.4}_{-1.3}$) events expected from backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical significance of 2.73\,$\sigma$. The measured $^8$B solar neutrino flux of $(4.7_{-2.3}^{+3.6})\times 10^6\,\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ is consistent with results from dedicated solar neutrino experiments. The measured neutrino flux-weighted CE$\nu$NS cross-section on Xe of $(1.1^{+0.8}_{-0.5})\times10^{-39}\,\mathrm{cm}^2$ is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.
Published: 2024

8. XENONnT WIMP Search: Signal & Background Modeling and Statistical Inference

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyoergy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENONnT experiment searches for weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter scattering off a xenon nucleus. In particular, XENONnT uses a dual-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9-tonne liquid xenon target, detecting both scintillation and ionization signals to reconstruct the energy, position, and type of recoil. A blind search for nuclear recoil WIMPs with an exposure of 1.1 tonne-years yielded no signal excess over background expectations, from which competitive exclusion limits were derived on WIMP-nucleon elastic scatter cross sections, for WIMP masses ranging from 6 GeV/$c^2$ up to the TeV/$c^2$ scale. This work details the modeling and statistical methods employed in this search. By means of calibration data, we model the detector response, which is then used to derive background and signal models. The construction and validation of these models is discussed, alongside additional purely data-driven backgrounds. We also describe the statistical inference framework, including the definition of the likelihood function and the construction of confidence intervals., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

9. First joint oscillation analysis of Super-Kamiokande atmospheric and T2K accelerator neutrino data

Author: Super-Kamiokande, collaborations, T2K, Abe, S., Abe, K., Akhlaq, N., Akutsu, R., Alarakia-Charles, H., Ali, A., Hakim, Y. I. Alj, Monsalve, S. Alonso, Amanai, S., Andreopoulos, C., Anthony, L. H. V., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Apte, K. A., Arai, T., Arihara, T., Arimoto, S., Asada, Y., Asaka, R., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Babu, N., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Bates, P., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Beauchêne, A., Berardi, V., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bhuiyan, N., Bian, J., Blanchet, A., Blondel, A., Bodur, B., Bolognesi, S., Bordoni, S., Boyd, S. B., Bravar, A., Bronner, C., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Burton, G. T., Caballero, J. A., Calabria, N. F., Cao, S., Carabadjac, D., Carter, A. J., Cartwright, S. L., Casado, M. P., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chakrani, J., Chalumeau, A., Chen, S., Cherdack, D., Choi, K., Chong, P. S., Chvirova, A., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cormier, F., Cudd, A., Dalmazzone, C., Daret, T., Dasgupta, P., Davis, C., Davydov, Yu. I., De Roeck, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Delogu, C. C., Densham, C., Dergacheva, A., Dharmapal, R., Di Lodovico, F., Lopez, G. Diaz, Dolan, S., Douqa, D., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Duffy, K. E., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dygnarowicz, K., D'ago, D., Edwards, R., Eguchi, A., Elias, J., Emery-Schrenk, S., Erofeev, G., Ershova, A., Eurin, G., Fannon, J. E. P., Fedorova, D., Fedotov, S., Feltre, M., Feng, J., Feng, L., Ferlewicz, D., Fernandez, P., Finch, A. J., Aguirre, G. A. Fiorentini, Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M. D., Patiño, J. M. Franco, Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fujisawa, C., Fujita, S., Fukuda, Y., Furui, Y., Gao, J., Gaur, R., Giampaolo, A., Giannessi, L., Giganti, C., Glagolev, V., Goldsack, A., Gonin, M., Rosa, J. González, Goodman, E. A. G., Gorin, A., Gorshanov, K., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Grassi, M., Griskevich, N. J., Guigue, M., Hadley, D., Haigh, J. T., Han, S., Harada, M., Harris, D. A., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Heitkamp, I., Henaff, D., Hill, J., Hino, Y., Hiraide, K., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Holin, A., Holvey, T., Van, N. T. Hong, Honjo, T., Horiuchi, S., Hosokawa, K., Hu, Z., Hu, J., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Iovine, N., Ishida, T., Ishino, H., Ishitsuka, M., Ishizuka, T., Ito, H., Itow, Y., Izmaylov, A., Izumiyama, S., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jang, M. C., Jang, J. S., Jenkins, S. J., Jesús-Valls, C., Ji, J. Y., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jonsson, P., Joshi, S., Jung, C. K., Jung, S., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Karpova, S., Kasetti, S. P., Kashiwagi, Y., Kasturi, V. S., Kataoka, Y., Katori, T., Kawamura, Y., Kawaue, M., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kim, S. B., King, S., Kiseeva, V., Kisiel, J., Kneale, L., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T., Kobayashi, M., Koch, L., Kodama, S., Kolupanova, M., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Koto, T., Kowalik, K., Kudenko, Y., Kudo, Y., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kurochka, V., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Kwon, E., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lachat, M., Lachner, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., LamersJames, M., Langella, A., Laporte, J. -F., Last, D., Latham, N., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Learned, J. G., Lee, Y., Lee, S. H., Silverio, D. Leon, Levorato, S., Lewis, S., Li, X., Li, W., Lin, C., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Liu, Y. M., Long, K. R., Longhin, A., Moreno, A. Lopez, Lu, X., Ludovici, L., Lux, T., Machado, L. N., Maekawa, Y., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Mahtani, K. K., Malek, M., Mandal, M., Manly, S., Marino, A. D., Martens, K., Marti, Ll., Martin, D. G. R., Martin, J. F., Martin, D., Martini, M., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matsumoto, R., Mattiazzi, M., Matveev, V., Mauger, C., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., McCauley, N., McElwee, J. M., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McKean, J., Mefodiev, A., Megias, G. D., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Menjo, H., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Migenda, J., Mijakowski, P., Miki, S., Miller, E., Minamino, A., Mine, S., Mineev, O., Mirabito, J., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moon, D. H., Mori, M., Moriyama, S., Morrison, P., Muñoz, A., Mueller, Th. A., Munford, D., Munteanu, L., Nagai, Y., Nagai, K., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. D., Nakamura, T., Nakanishi, F., Nakano, Y., Nakaya, T., Nakayama, S., Nakayoshi, K., Naseby, C. E. R., Ngoc, T. V., Nguyen, V. Q., Nguyen, D. T., Nicholson, M., Niewczas, K., Ninomiya, K., Nishijima, K., Nishimori, S., Nishimura, Y., Noguchi, Y., Nosek, T., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nugent, J. C., Odagawa, T., Okazaki, R., Okazawa, H., Okinaga, W., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Ommura, Y., Onda, N., Ospina, N., Osu, L., Oyama, Y., O'Flaherty, M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Périssé, L., Paganini, P., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Park, R. G., Parlone, J., Pasternak, J., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., de Perio, P., Pershey, D., Pfaff, M., Pickering, L., Pintaudi, G., Pistillo, C., Pointon, B. W., Popov, B., Yrey, A. Portocarrero, Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Prabhu, Y. S., Prasad, H., Pronost, G., Prouse, N. W., Pupilli, F., Quilain, B., Quyen, P. T., Raaf, J. L., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ramirez, M. A., Ramsden, R. M., Ratoff, P. N., Reh, M., Riccio, C., Richards, B., Rogly, R., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Roy, N., Rubbia, A., Russo, L., Rychter, A., Saenz, W., Sakai, S., Sakashita, K., Samani, S., Santos, A. D., Sato, Y., Sato, K., Schefke, T., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Seo, J. W., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shi, W., Shiba, H., Shibayama, R., Shigeta, N., Shima, S., Shimamura, R., Shimizu, K., Shinoki, M., Shiozawa, M., Shiraishi, Y., Shvartsman, A., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smy, M. B., Smyczek, D., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H. W., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Speers, A. J., Spina, R., Stroke, Y., Suslov, I. A., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sánchez, F., Tada, T., Tada, M., Tairafune, S., Takagi, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Takhistov, V., Takifuji, K., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, H. K., Tanigawa, H., Taniuchi, N., Tano, T., Tarrant, A., Tashiro, T., Teklu, A., Terada, K., Tereshchenko, V. V., Thamm, N., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Tomiya, T., Touramanis, C., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M. R., Vargas, D., Varghese, M., Vasseur, G., Villa, E., Vinning, W. G. S., Virginet, U., Vladisavljevic, T., Wachala, T., Wakabayashi, D., Wallace, H. T., Walsh, J. G., Walter, C. W., Wan, L., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Watanabe, E., Weber, A., Wendell, R. A., Wester, T., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, S. T., Wilson, J. R., Wood, K., Wret, C., Wu, Y., Xia, J., Xie, Z., Xu, B. D., Xu, Y. -H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T., Yamauchi, K., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yankelevich, A., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yershov, N., Yevarouskaya, U., Yokoyama, M., Yoo, J., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, S., Yoshimoto, Y., Yoshimura, N., Yoshioka, Y., Yu, M., Yu, I., Zaki, R., Zaldivar, B., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Zhang, J., Zhang, A. Q., Zhang, B., Zhao, X. Y., Zhong, H., Zhu, T., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., and Zsoldos, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Super-Kamiokande and T2K collaborations present a joint measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters from their atmospheric and beam neutrino data. It uses a common interaction model for events overlapping in neutrino energy and correlated detector systematic uncertainties between the two datasets, which are found to be compatible. Using 3244.4 days of atmospheric data and a beam exposure of $19.7(16.3) \times 10^{20}$ protons on target in (anti)neutrino mode, the analysis finds a 1.9$\sigma$ exclusion of CP-conservation (defined as $J_{CP}=0$) and a preference for the normal mass ordering., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

10. Development of a data overflow protection system for Super-Kamiokande to maximize data from nearby supernovae

Author: Mori, M., Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Jang, M. C., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchene, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Rogly, R., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Langella, A., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Perisse, L., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Edwards, R., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Ramsden, R. M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Zhong, H., Bronner, C., Feng, J., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kawaune, M., Kikawa, T., LiCheng, F., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarant, A., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Yoshioka, Y., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Shi, W., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Jung, S., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Eguchi, A., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Martens, K., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Valls, C. J., Xia, J., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., Flaherty, M. O', Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Neutrinos from very nearby supernovae, such as Betelgeuse, are expected to generate more than ten million events over 10\,s in Super-Kamokande (SK). At such large event rates, the buffers of the SK analog-to-digital conversion board (QBEE) will overflow, causing random loss of data that is critical for understanding the dynamics of the supernova explosion mechanism. In order to solve this problem, two new DAQ modules were developed to aid in the observation of very nearby supernovae. The first of these, the SN module, is designed to save only the number of hit PMTs during a supernova burst and the second, the Veto module, prescales the high rate neutrino events to prevent the QBEE from overflowing based on information from the SN module. In the event of a very nearby supernova, these modules allow SK to reconstruct the time evolution of the neutrino event rate from beginning to end using both QBEE and SN module data. This paper presents the development and testing of these modules together with an analysis of supernova-like data generated with a flashing laser diode. We demonstrate that the Veto module successfully prevents DAQ overflows for Betelgeuse-like supernovae as well as the long-term stability of the new modules. During normal running the Veto module is found to issue DAQ vetos a few times per month resulting in a total dead time less than 1\,ms, and does not influence ordinary operations. Additionally, using simulation data we find that supernovae closer than 800~pc will trigger Veto module resulting in a prescaling of the observed neutrino data., Comment: 28 pages, 18 figures. Submitted to PTEP
Published: 2024
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11. Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper details the first application of a software tagging algorithm to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid noble element time projection chambers, such as XENON1T and XENONnT. The convection velocity field in XENON1T was mapped out using $^{222}\text{Rn}$ and $^{218}\text{Po}$ events, and the root-mean-square convection speed was measured to be $0.30 \pm 0.01$ cm/s. Given this velocity field, $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background events can be tagged when they are followed by $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays, or preceded by $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays. This was achieved by evolving a point cloud in the direction of a measured convection velocity field, and searching for $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays or $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays within a volume defined by the point cloud. In XENON1T, this tagging system achieved a $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background reduction of $6.2^{+0.4}_{-0.9}\%$ with an exposure loss of $1.8\pm 0.2 \%$, despite the timescales of convection being smaller than the relevant decay times. We show that the performance can be improved in XENONnT, and that the performance of such a software-tagging approach can be expected to be further improved in a diffusion-limited scenario. Finally, a similar method might be useful to tag the cosmogenic $^{137}\text{Xe}$ background, which is relevant to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay., Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

12. Measurements of the charge ratio and polarization of cosmic-ray muons with the Super-Kamiokande detector

Author: Kitagawa, H., Tada, T., Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Jang, M. C., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchêne, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Rogly, R., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Prouse, N. W., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Calabria, N. F., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Langella, A., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Périssé, L., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Ramsden, R. M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Zhong, H., Feng, J., Feng, L., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kawaue, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarant, A., Wilking, M. J., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Yoshioka, Y., Lagoda, J., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Shi, W., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tano, T., Ishizuka, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Jung, S., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Lakshmi, S. M., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Eguchi, A., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Jesús-Valls, C., Martens, K., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Matsumoto, R., Terada, K., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of the charge ratio ($R$) and polarization ($P^{\mu}_{0}$) measurements using the decay electron events collected from 2008 September to 2022 June by the Super-Kamiokande detector. Because of its underground location and long operation, we performed high precision measurements by accumulating cosmic-ray muons. We measured the muon charge ratio to be $R=1.32 \pm 0.02$ $(\mathrm{stat.}{+}\mathrm{syst.})$ at $E_{\mu}\cos \theta_{\mathrm{Zenith}}=0.7^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$ $\mathrm{TeV}$, where $E_{\mu}$ is the muon energy and $\theta_{\mathrm{Zenith}}$ is the zenith angle of incoming cosmic-ray muons. This result is consistent with the Honda flux model while this suggests a tension with the $\pi K$ model of $1.9\sigma$. We also measured the muon polarization at the production location to be $P^{\mu}_{0}=0.52 \pm 0.02$ $(\mathrm{stat.}{+}\mathrm{syst.})$ at the muon momentum of $0.9^{+0.6}_{-0.1}$ $\mathrm{TeV}/c$ at the surface of the mountain; this also suggests a tension with the Honda flux model of $1.5\sigma$. This is the most precise measurement ever to experimentally determine the cosmic-ray muon polarization near $1~\mathrm{TeV}/c$. These measurement results are useful to improve the atmospheric neutrino simulations., Comment: 29 pages, 45 figures
Published: 2024
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13. Second gadolinium loading to Super-Kamiokande

Author: Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Tanaka, H., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Jang, M. C., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchene, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Rogly, R., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Prouse, N. W., Scott, M., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Calabria, N. F., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Langella, A., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Perisse, L., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Ramsden, R. M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Zhong, H., Feng, J., Feng, L., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kawaue, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarant, A., Wilking, M. J., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Yoshioka, Y., Lagoda, J., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Shi, W., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Ishizuka, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Jung, S., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Lakshmi, S. M., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Eguchi, A., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Jesus-Valls, C., Martens, K., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Matsumoto, R., Terada, K., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Suzuki, S., Scovell, P. R., Meehan, E., Bandac, I., Pena-Garay, C., Perez, J., Gileva, O., Lee, E. K., Leonard, D. S., Sakakieda, Y., Sakaguchi, A., Sueki, K., Takaku, Y., and Yamasaki, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The first loading of gadolinium (Gd) into Super-Kamiokande in 2020 was successful, and the neutron capture efficiency on Gd reached 50\%. To further increase the Gd neutron capture efficiency to 75\%, 26.1 tons of $\rm Gd_2(\rm SO_4)_3\cdot \rm 8H_2O$ was additionally loaded into Super-Kamiokande (SK) from May 31 to July 4, 2022. As the amount of loaded $\rm Gd_2(\rm SO_4)_3\cdot \rm 8H_2O$ was doubled compared to the first loading, the capacity of the powder dissolving system was doubled. We also developed new batches of gadolinium sulfate with even further reduced radioactive impurities. In addition, a more efficient screening method was devised and implemented to evaluate these new batches of $\rm Gd_2(\rm SO_4)_3\cdot \rm 8H_2O$. Following the second loading, the Gd concentration in SK was measured to be $333.5\pm2.5$ ppm via an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). From the mean neutron capture time constant of neutrons from an Am/Be calibration source, the Gd concentration was independently measured to be 332.7 $\pm$ 6.8(sys.) $\pm$ 1.1(stat.) ppm, consistent with the AAS result. Furthermore, during the loading the Gd concentration was monitored continually using the capture time constant of each spallation neutron produced by cosmic-ray muons,and the final neutron capture efficiency was shown to become 1.5 times higher than that of the first loaded phase, as expected., Comment: 34 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A
Published: 2024
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14. Performance of SK-Gd's Upgraded Real-time Supernova Monitoring System

Author: Kashiwagi, Y., Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Tanaka, H., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointn, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Jang, M. C., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchêne, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Rogly, R., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Prouse, N. W., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Langella, A., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Périssé, L., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Ramsden, R. M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Zhong, H., Feng, J., Feng, L., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kawaue, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarrant, A., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Yoshioka, Y., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Shi, W., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Ishizuka, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Jung, S., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Eguchi, A., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Jesús-Valls, C., Martens, K., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Matsumoto, R., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., and Suzuki, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Among multi-messenger observations of the next galactic core-collapse supernova, Super-Kamiokande (SK) plays a critical role in detecting the emitted supernova neutrinos, determining the direction to the supernova (SN), and notifying the astronomical community of these observations in advance of the optical signal. On 2022, SK has increased the gadolinium dissolved in its water target (SK-Gd) and has achieved a Gd concentration of 0.033%, resulting in enhanced neutron detection capability, which in turn enables more accurate determination of the supernova direction. Accordingly, SK-Gd's real-time supernova monitoring system (Abe te al. 2016b) has been upgraded. SK_SN Notice, a warning system that works together with this monitoring system, was released on December 13, 2021, and is available through GCN Notices (Barthelmy et al. 2000). When the monitoring system detects an SN-like burst of events, SK_SN Notice will automatically distribute an alarm with the reconstructed direction to the supernova candidate within a few minutes. In this paper, we present a systematic study of SK-Gd's response to a simulated galactic SN. Assuming a supernova situated at 10 kpc, neutrino fluxes from six supernova models are used to characterize SK-Gd's pointing accuracy using the same tools as the online monitoring system. The pointing accuracy is found to vary from 3-7$^\circ$ depending on the models. However, if the supernova is closer than 10 kpc, SK_SN Notice can issue an alarm with three-degree accuracy, which will benefit follow-up observations by optical telescopes with large fields of view., Comment: 38 pages, 29 figures, 6 tables
Published: 2024

15. The XENONnT Dark Matter Experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Balata, M., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cassese, F., Chiarini, A., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Corrieri, R., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Dadoun, O., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., De Fazio, B., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Disdier, J. M., Douillet, D., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Form, S., Front, D., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Gardner, R., Garroum, N., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guerzoni, M., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Huhmann, C., Iacovacci, M., Iaquaniello, G., Iven, L., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martella, P., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Mele, E., Messina, M., Michinelli, R., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Nisi, S., Oberlack, U., Orlandi, D., Othegraven, R., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Parlati, S., Paschos, P., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rynge, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Stephen, J., Stern, M., Stillwell, B. K., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Tatananni, D., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Westermann, J., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run., Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

16. Dark lens candidates from Gaia Data Release 3

Author: Kruszyńska, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Rybicki, K. A., Howil, K., Jabłońska, M., Kaczmarek, Z., Ihanec, N., Maskoliūnas, M., Bronikowski, M., Pylypenko, U., Udalski, A., Mróz, P., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Szymański, M. K., Soszyński, I., Pietrukowicz, P., Kozłowski, S., Ulaczyk, K., Iwanek, P., Wrona, M., Gromadzki, M., Mróz, M. J., Abe, F., Bando, K., Barry, R., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Fukui, A., Hamada, R., Hamada, S., Hamasaki, N., Hirao, Y., Silva, S. Ishitani, Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Matsubara, Y., Miyazaki, S., Muraki, Y., Nagai, T., Nunota, K., Olmschenk, G., Ranc, C., Rattenbury, N. J., Satoh, Y., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Vandorou, A., and Yama, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Gravitational microlensing is a phenomenon that allows us to observe dark remnants of stellar evolution even if they no longer emit electromagnetic radiation. In particular, it can be useful to observe solitary neutron stars or stellar-mass black holes, providing a unique window through which to understand stellar evolution. Obtaining direct mass measurements with this technique requires precise observations of both the change in brightness and the position of the microlensed star. The European Space Agency's Gaia satellite can provide both. Using publicly available data from different surveys, we analysed events published in the Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3) microlensing catalogue. Here we describe our selection of candidate dark lenses, where we suspect the lens is a white dwarf (WD), a neutron star (NS), a black hole (BH), or a mass-gap object, with a mass in a range between the heaviest NS and the least massive BH. We estimated the mass of the lenses using information obtained from the best-fitting microlensing models, the source star, the Galactic model and the expected distribution of the parameters. We found eleven candidates for dark remnants: one WDs, three NS, three mass-gap objects, and four BHs., Comment: Accepted to Astronomy&Astrophysics, 20 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables
Published: 2024

17. EUSO-SPB1 Mission and Science

Author: Collaboration, JEM-EUSO, Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Adams. Jr., J. H., Allard, D., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arnone, E., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Pernas, M. Ave, Bachmann, R., Bacholle, S., Bagheri, M., Bakiri, M., Baláz, J., Barghini, D., Bartocci, S., Battisti, M., Bayer, J., Beldjilali, B., Belenguer, T., Belkhalfa, N., Bellotti, R., Belov, A. A., Benmessai, K., Bertaina, M., Bertone, P. F., Biermann, P. L., Bisconti, F., Blaksley, C., Blanc, N., Blin-Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bolmgren, K., Bozzo, E., Briz, S., Bruno, A., Caballero, K. S., Cafagna, F., Cambié, G., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J. N., Capel, F., Caramete, A., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cellino, A., Černý, K., Chikawa, M., Chiritoi, G., Christl, M. J., Colalillo, R., Conti, L., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Creusot, A., Cummings, A., Gónzalez, A. de Castro, de la Taille, C., del Peral, L., Desiato, J., Damian, A. Diaz, Diesing, R., Dinaucourt, P., Djakonow, A., Djemil, T., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Fernández-González, S., Ferrarese, S., Filippatos, G., Finch, W., Fornaro, C., Fouka, M., Franceschi, A., Franchini, S., Fuglesang, C., Fujii, T., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., García-Ortega, E., Gardiol, D., Garipov, G. K., Gascón, E., Gazda, E., Genci, J., Golzio, A., Gorodetzky, P., Gregg, R., Green, A., Guarino, F., Guépin, C., Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Haungs, A., Heigbes, T., Carretero, J. Hernández, Hulett, L., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Isgrò, F., Itow, Y., Jammer, T., Jeong, S., Jochum, J., Joven, E., Judd, E. G., Jung, A., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kalli, S., Kaneko, I., Kasztelan, M., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kedadra, A., Khales, H., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, Jeong-Sook, Kim, Soon-Wook, Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kreykenbohm, I., Krizmanic, J. F., Królik, K., Kungel, V., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., Lahmar, H., Lakhdari, F., Licandro, J., Campano, L. López, Martínez, F. López, Mackovjak, S., Mahdi, M., Mandát, D., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, L., Marcos, J. L., Marszał, W., Martín, Y., Martinez, O., Mase, K., Mastafa, M., Matthews, J. N., Mebarki, N., Medina-Tanco, G., Menshikov, A., Merino, A., Mese, M., Meseguer, J., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Ríos, J. A. Morales de los, Nachtman, J. M., Nagataki, S., Naitamor, S., Napolitano, T., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Onel, Y., Osteria, G., Otte, A. N., Pagliaro, A., Painter, W., Panasyuk, M. I., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Pastircak, B., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pérez-Grande, I., Perfetto, F., Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pindado, S., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Plebaniak, Z., Pollini, A., Popescu, E. M., Prevete, R., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Przybylak, M., Puehlhofer, G., Putis, M., Reardon, P., Reno, M. H., Reyes, M., Ricci, M., Frías, M. D. Rodríguez, Matamala, O. F. Romero, Ronga, F., Sabau, M. D., Saccá, G., Sagawa, H., Sahnoune, Z., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Salazar, H., Sánchez, J. L., Balanzar, J. C. Sanchez, Santangelo, A., Sanz-Andrés, A., Saprykin, O. A., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Scagliola, A., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Schovánek, P., Scotti, V., Serra, M., Sharakin, S. A., Shimizu, H. M., Shinozaki, K., Soriano, J. F., Sotgiu, A., Stan, I., Strharský, I., Sugiyama, N., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Talai, M. C., Tameda, Y., Tenzer, C., Thomas, S. B., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L. G., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Turriziani, S., Uchihori, Y., Valdés-Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Venters, T. M., Vigorito, C., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watts. Jr., J., Muñoz, R. Weigand, Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Yamamoto, T., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zgura, I. S., Zotov, M. Yu., and Marchi, A. Zuccaro
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1 (EUSO-SPB1) was launched in 2017 April from Wanaka, New Zealand. The plan of this mission of opportunity on a NASA super pressure balloon test flight was to circle the southern hemisphere. The primary scientific goal was to make the first observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray extensive air showers (EASs) by looking down on the atmosphere with an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence telescope from suborbital altitude (33~km). After 12~days and 4~hours aloft, the flight was terminated prematurely in the Pacific Ocean. Before the flight, the instrument was tested extensively in the West Desert of Utah, USA, with UV point sources and lasers. The test results indicated that the instrument had sensitivity to EASs of approximately 3 EeV. Simulations of the telescope system, telescope on time, and realized flight trajectory predicted an observation of about 1 event assuming clear sky conditions. The effects of high clouds were estimated to reduce this value by approximately a factor of 2. A manual search and a machine-learning-based search did not find any EAS signals in these data. Here we review the EUSO-SPB1 instrument and flight and the EAS search., Comment: 18 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024
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18. Solar neutrino measurements using the full data period of Super-Kamiokande-IV

Author: Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Imaizumi, S., Iyogi, K., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Kato, Y., Kishimoto, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Mochizuki, T., Moriyama, S., Nagao, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okada, T., Okamoto, K., Orii, A., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, R., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Bravo-Berguno, D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Kachulis, C., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Stone, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Weatherly, P., Yankelevich, A., Ganezer, K. S., Hill, J., Jang, M. C., Kim, J. Y., Lee, S., Lim, I. T., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchene, A., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Imber, J., Mueller, Th. A., Paganini, P., Rogly, R., Quilain, B., Santos, A., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Matsuno, S., Iovine, N., Choi, K., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Litchfield, R. P., Prouse, N., Marin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Intonti, R. A., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., De Rosa, G., Langella, A., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Perisse, L., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Jakkapu, M., Kobayashi, T., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Boschi, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Di Lodovico, F., Migenda, J., Sedgwick, S. Molina, Ramsden, R. M., Taani, M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Abe, KE., Hasegawa, M., Isobe, Y., Kotsar, Y., Miyabe, H., Ozaki, H., Shiozawa, T., Sugimoto, T., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Zhong, H., Ashida, Y., Feng, J., Feng, L., Hayashino, T., Hirota, S., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Jiang, M., Kawaue, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakamura, KE., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Pritchard, A., Tarrant, A., Wilking, M. J., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Murase, M., Ninomiya, K., Niwa, T., Tsukada, M., Yoshioka, Y., Frankiewicz, K., Lagoda, J., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jiang, J., Jia, M., Jung, C. K., Palomino, J. L., Santucci, G., Shi, W., Vilela, C., Yanagisawa, C., Fukuda, D., Hagiwara, K., Harada, M., Hino, Y., Horai, T., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Nakanishi, F., Piplani, N., Sakai, S., Sakuda, M., Tada, T., Tano, T., Xu, C., Yamaguchi, R., Ishizuka, T., Kuno, Y., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Simpson, C., Wark, D., Holin, A. M., Nova, F., Jung, S., Yang, B., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Lakshmi, S. M., Choi, Y., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Tairahune, S., Nishijima, K., Eguchi, A., Iwamoto, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Ogawa, N., Shima, S., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., Calland, R. G., Fujita, S., Jesus-Valls, C., Junjie, X., Ming, T. K., de Perio, P., Martens, K., Murdoch, M., Vagins, M. R., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Matsumoto, R., Okajima, Y., Tanaka, M., Yoshida, T., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Ohta, K., Ommura, Y., Shinoki, M., Shigeta, N., Suganuma, T., Yamaguchi, K., Martin, J. F., Nantais, C. M., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Berkman, S., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Walker, J., Amanai, S., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Sasaki, R., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: An analysis of solar neutrino data from the fourth phase of Super-Kamiokande~(SK-IV) from October 2008 to May 2018 is performed and the results are presented. The observation time of the data set of SK-IV corresponds to $2970$~days and the total live time for all four phases is $5805$~days. For more precise solar neutrino measurements, several improvements are applied in this analysis: lowering the data acquisition threshold in May 2015, further reduction of the spallation background using neutron clustering events, precise energy reconstruction considering the time variation of the PMT gain. The observed number of solar neutrino events in $3.49$--$19.49$ MeV electron kinetic energy region during SK-IV is $65,443^{+390}_{-388}\,(\mathrm{stat.})\pm 925\,(\mathrm{syst.})$ events. Corresponding $\mathrm{^{8}B}$ solar neutrino flux is $(2.314 \pm 0.014\, \rm{(stat.)} \pm 0.040 \, \rm{(syst.)}) \times 10^{6}~\mathrm{cm^{-2}\,s^{-1}}$, assuming a pure electron-neutrino flavor component without neutrino oscillations. The flux combined with all SK phases up to SK-IV is $(2.336 \pm 0.011\, \rm{(stat.)} \pm 0.043 \, \rm{(syst.)}) \times 10^{6}~\mathrm{cm^{-2}\,s^{-1}}$. Based on the neutrino oscillation analysis from all solar experiments, including the SK $5805$~days data set, the best-fit neutrino oscillation parameters are $\rm{sin^{2} \theta_{12,\,solar}} = 0.306 \pm 0.013 $ and $\Delta m^{2}_{21,\,\mathrm{solar}} = (6.10^{+ 0.95}_{-0.81}) \times 10^{-5}~\rm{eV}^{2}$, with a deviation of about 1.5$\sigma$ from the $\Delta m^{2}_{21}$ parameter obtained by KamLAND. The best-fit neutrino oscillation parameters obtained from all solar experiments and KamLAND are $\sin^{2} \theta_{12,\,\mathrm{global}} = 0.307 \pm 0.012 $ and $\Delta m^{2}_{21,\,\mathrm{global}} = (7.50^{+ 0.19}_{-0.18}) \times 10^{-5}~\rm{eV}^{2}$., Comment: 47 pages, 61 figures
Published: 2023
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19. Atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis with neutron tagging and an expanded fiducial volume in Super-Kamiokande I-V

Author: Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Wester, T., Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Tanaka, H., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchene, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Prouse, N. W., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Langella, A., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Ramsden, R., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Zhong, H., Feng, J., Feng, L., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kawaue, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarrant, A., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Shi, W., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Ishizuka, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Holin, A., Nova, F., Samani, S., Wark, D., Jung, S., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Eguchi, A., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Martens, K., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Matsumoto, R., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., and Suzuki, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present a measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with the Super-Kamiokande detector using atmospheric neutrinos from the complete pure-water SK I-V (April 1996-July 2020) data set, including events from an expanded fiducial volume. The data set corresponds to 6511.3 live days and an exposure of 484.2 kiloton-years. Measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters $\Delta m^2_{32}$, $\sin^2\theta_{23}$, $\sin^2 \theta_{13}$, $\delta_{CP}$, and the preference for the neutrino mass ordering are presented with atmospheric neutrino data alone, and with constraints on $\sin^2 \theta_{13}$ from reactor neutrino experiments. Our analysis including constraints on $\sin^2 \theta_{13}$ favors the normal mass ordering at the 92.3% level., Comment: 24 pages, 18 figures
Published: 2023
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20. Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment

Author: Sakai, S., Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Tanaka, H., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Jang, M. C., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchene, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Prouse, N. W., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Calabria, N. F., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Langella, A., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Ramsden, R. M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Zhong, H., Takeuchi, Y., Feng, J., Feng, L., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kawaue, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarant, A., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Yoshioka, Y., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Shi, W., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Tada, T., Tano, T., Ishizuka, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Jung, S., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Eguchi, A., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Martens, K., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Matsumoto, R., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., and Suzuki, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day data set from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74 $\pm$ 0.22(stat.) $^{+0.85}_{-0.15}$ (syst.) $\times$ 10$^{-38}$ cm$^{2}$/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and find that the Binary Cascade model and the Liege Intranuclear Cascade model provide a somewhat better fit to the observed data than the Bertini Cascade model. Since the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen NCQE reactions are one of the main backgrounds in the search for diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), these new results will contribute to future studies - and the potential discovery - of the DSNB in SK., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2023

21. Search for Periodic Time Variations of the Solar $^8$B Neutrino Flux between 1996 and 2018 in Super-Kamiokande

Author: Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Tanaka, H., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Jang, M. C., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchene, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Prouse, N. W., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Langella, A., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Xie, Z., Ramsden, R. M., Zsoldos, S., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Zhong, H., Takeuchi, Y., Feng, J., Feng, L., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Kawaue, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarant, A., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Yoshioka, Y., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Shi, W., Harada, M., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Ishizuka, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Jung, S., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Eguchi, A., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Martens, K., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Matsumoto, R., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., Flaherty, M. O, Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., and Suzuki, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report a search for time variations of the solar $^8$B neutrino flux using 5804 live days of Super-Kamiokande data collected between May 31, 1996, and May 30, 2018. Super-Kamiokande measured the precise time of each solar neutrino interaction over 22 calendar years to search for solar neutrino flux modulations with unprecedented precision. Periodic modulations are searched for in a dataset comprising five-day interval solar neutrino flux measurements with a maximum likelihood method. We also applied the Lomb-Scargle method to this dataset to compare it with previous reports. The only significant modulation found is due to the elliptic orbit of the Earth around the Sun. The observed modulation is consistent with astronomical data: we measured an eccentricity of (1.53$\pm$0.35)\%, and a perihelion shift of ($-$1.5$\pm$13.5) days., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, and data file: "sksolartimevariation5804d.txt" (the data file updated with additional 3 columns -- R^2 correction, upper-error, lower-error)
Published: 2023

22. Measurement of the transverse single-spin asymmetry for forward neutron production in a wide $p_T$ range in polarized $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 510$ GeV

Author: Kim, M. H., Adriani, O., Berti, E., Bonechi, L., D'Alessandro, R., Goto, Y., Hong, B., Itow, Y., Kasahara, K., Kim, Y., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. H., Ljubicic, T., Menjo, H., Mitsuka, G., Nakagawa, I., Ogawa, A., Oh, S., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sato, K., Seidl, R., Tanida, K., Torii, S., and Tricomi, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Transverse single-spin asymmetries $A_{\textrm{N}}$ of forward neutrons at pseudorapidities larger than 6 had only been studied in the transverse momentum range of $p_{\textrm{T}} < 0.4$ GeV/$c$. The RHICf Collaboration has extended the previous measurements up to 1.0 GeV/$c$ in polarized $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}~=~510$GeV, using an electromagnetic calorimeter installed in the zero-degree area of the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The resulting $A_{\textrm{N}}$s increase in magnitude with $p_{\textrm{T}}$ in the high longitudinal momentum fraction $x_{\textrm{F}}$ range, but reach a plateau at lower $p_{\textrm{T}}$ for lower $x_{\textrm{F}}$. For low transverse momenta the $A_{\textrm{N}}$s show little $x_{\textrm{F}}$ dependence and level off from intermediate values. For higher transverse momenta the $A_{\textrm{N}}$s show also an indication to reach a plateau at increased magnitudes. The results are consistent with previous measurements at lower collision energies, suggesting no $\sqrt{s}$ dependence of the neutron asymmetries. A theoretical model based on the interference of $\pi$ and $a_1$ exchange between two protons could partially reproduce the current results, however an additional mechanism is necessary to describe the neutron $A_{\textrm{N}}$s over the whole kinematic region measured., Comment: Submitted to PRD
Published: 2023

23. Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., DÁndrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Šarčević, N., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to ${}^{83m}\mathrm{Kr}$ calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages.
Published: 2023
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24. The XENONnT dark matter experiment.

Author: Aprile, E, Aalbers, J, Abe, K, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Althueser, L, Andrieu, B, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J, Antochi, V, Antón Martin, D, Arneodo, F, Balata, M, Baudis, L, Baxter, A, Bazyk, M, Bellagamba, L, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brookes, E, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Bui, T, Cai, C, Cardoso, J, Cassese, F, Chiarini, A, Cichon, D, Cimental Chavez, A, Colijn, A, Conrad, J, Corrieri, R, Cuenca-García, J, Cussonneau, J, Dadoun, O, DAndrea, V, Decowski, M, De Fazio, B, Gangi, P, Diglio, S, Disdier, J, Douillet, D, Eitel, K, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, Ferella, A, Ferrari, C, Fischer, H, Flierman, M, Form, S, Front, D, Fulgione, W, Fuselli, C, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Rosso, A, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Gardner, R, Garroum, N, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Guan, H, Guerzoni, M, Guida, M, Hammann, R, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hoetzsch, L, Hood, N, Howlett, J, Huhmann, C, Iacovacci, M, Iaquaniello, G, Iven, L, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Joy, A, Kara, M, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Kuger, F, Landsman, H, Lang, R, Levinson, L, Li, I, Li, S, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Loizeau, J, Lombardi, F, and Long, J
Abstract: The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.
Published: 2024

25. Detection response of the active components of the SciBar Cosmic Ray Telescope at Sierra Negra

Author: Monterde-Andrade, F., González, L. X., Valdés-Galicia, J. F., Morales-Olivares, O. G., Sergeeva, M. A., Newton-Bosch, J., Ortiz, E., Hurtado, A., Taylor, R., Matsubara, Y., Sako, T., Itow, Y., Kawabata, T., Munakata, K., Kato, C., Hayashi, Y., Masuda, Y., Matsumoto, M., Takamaru, H., Shibata, S., Oshima, A., Koi, T., Kojima, H., Tsuchiya, H., Watanabe, K., Kozai, M., and Nakamura, Y.
Published: 2024
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26. Cosmogenic background simulations for the DARWIN observatory at different underground locations

Author: Adrover, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Breskin, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Garroum, N., Ghosh, S., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hasegawa, T., Hils, C., Higuera, A., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Jörg, F., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Loizeau, J., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Lopes, J. A. M., Marignetti, F., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Ostrovskiy, I., Paetsch, B., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Piotter, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., Silva, M. Rajado, García, D. Ramírez, Razeto, A., Sakamoto, S., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schulte, P., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Tan, P. L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C., Urquijo, P., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With 40t of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$), and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at four underground laboratories: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) and SNOLAB. We determine the production rates of unstable xenon isotopes and tritium due to muon-included neutron fluxes and muon-induced spallation. These are expected to represent the dominant contributions to cosmogenic backgrounds and thus the most relevant for site selection.
Published: 2023
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27. Search for events in XENON1T associated with Gravitational Waves

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antoń, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Carlos, D. G. Layos, Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M, Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C, Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We perform a blind search for particle signals in the XENON1T dark matter detector that occur close in time to gravitational wave signals in the LIGO and Virgo observatories. No particle signal is observed in the nuclear recoil, electronic recoil, CE$\nu$NS, and S2-only channels within $\pm$ 500 seconds of observations of the gravitational wave signals GW170104, GW170729, GW170817, GW170818, and GW170823. We use this null result to constrain mono-energetic neutrinos and Beyond Standard Model particles emitted in the closest coalescence GW170817, a binary neutron star merger. We set new upper limits on the fluence (time-integrated flux) of coincident neutrinos down to 17 keV at 90% confidence level. Furthermore, we constrain the product of coincident fluence and cross section of Beyond Standard Model particles to be less than $10^{-29}$ cm$^2$/cm$^2$ in the [5.5-210] keV energy range at 90% confidence level.
Published: 2023

28. Search for astrophysical electron antineutrinos in Super-Kamiokande with 0.01wt% gadolinium-loaded water

Author: Harada, M., Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchene, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Langella, A., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Feng, J., Feng, L., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarrant, A., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Martens, K., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Matsumoto, R., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., Flaherty, M. O, Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the first search result for the flux of astrophysical electron antineutrinos for energies O(10) MeV in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector. In June 2020, gadolinium was introduced to the ultra-pure water of the SK detector in order to detect neutrons more efficiently. In this new experimental phase, SK-Gd, we can search for electron antineutrinos via inverse beta decay with efficient background rejection and higher signal efficiency thanks to the high efficiency of the neutron tagging technique. In this paper, we report the result for the initial stage of SK-Gd with a $22.5\times552$ $\rm kton\cdot day$ exposure at 0.01% Gd mass concentration. No significant excess over the expected background in the observed events is found for the neutrino energies below 31.3 MeV. Thus, the flux upper limits are placed at the 90% confidence level. The limits and sensitivities are already comparable with the previous SK result with pure-water ($22.5 \times 2970 \rm kton\cdot day$) owing to the enhanced neutron tagging.
Published: 2023
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29. Searching for Heavy Dark Matter near the Planck Mass with XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Multiple viable theoretical models predict heavy dark matter particles with a mass close to the Planck mass, a range relatively unexplored by current experimental measurements. We use 219.4 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment to conduct a blind search for signals from Multiply-Interacting Massive Particles (MIMPs). Their unique track signature allows a targeted analysis with only 0.05 expected background events from muons. Following unblinding, we observe no signal candidate events. This work places strong constraints on spin-independent interactions of dark matter particles with a mass between 1$\times$10$^{12}\,$GeV/c$^2$ and 2$\times$10$^{17}\,$GeV/c$^2$. In addition, we present the first exclusion limits on spin-dependent MIMP-neutron and MIMP-proton cross-sections for dark matter particles with masses close to the Planck scale., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2023
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30. Detector signal characterization with a Bayesian network in XENONnT

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We developed a detector signal characterization model based on a Bayesian network trained on the waveform attributes generated by a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. By performing inference on the model, we produced a quantitative metric of signal characterization and demonstrate that this metric can be used to determine whether a detector signal is sourced from a scintillation or an ionization process. We describe the method and its performance on electronic-recoil (ER) data taken during the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. We demonstrate the first use of a Bayesian network in a waveform-based analysis of detector signals. This method resulted in a 3% increase in ER event-selection efficiency with a simultaneously effective rejection of events outside of the region of interest. The findings of this analysis are consistent with the previous analysis from XENONnT, namely a background-only fit of the ER data., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2023
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31. First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the first search for nuclear recoils from dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with the XENONnT experiment which is based on a two-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive liquid xenon mass of $5.9$ t. During the approximately 1.1 tonne-year exposure used for this search, the intrinsic $^{85}$Kr and $^{222}$Rn concentrations in the liquid target were reduced to unprecedentedly low levels, giving an electronic recoil background rate of $(15.8\pm1.3)~\mathrm{events}/(\mathrm{t\cdot y \cdot keV})$ in the region of interest. A blind analysis of nuclear recoil events with energies between $3.3$ keV and $60.5$ keV finds no significant excess. This leads to a minimum upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of $2.58\times 10^{-47}~\mathrm{cm}^2$ for a WIMP mass of $28~\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$ at $90\%$ confidence level. Limits for spin-dependent interactions are also provided. Both the limit and the sensitivity for the full range of WIMP masses analyzed here improve on previous results obtained with the XENON1T experiment for the same exposure., Comment: Limit points are included in the submission file
Published: 2023
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32. The Triggerless Data Acquisition System of the XENONnT Experiment

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rocchetti, A., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The XENONnT detector uses the latest and largest liquid xenon-based time projection chamber (TPC) operated by the XENON Collaboration, aimed at detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles and conducting other rare event searches. The XENONnT data acquisition (DAQ) system constitutes an upgraded and expanded version of the XENON1T DAQ system. For its operation, it relies predominantly on commercially available hardware accompanied by open-source and custom-developed software. The three constituent subsystems of the XENONnT detector, the TPC (main detector), muon veto, and the newly introduced neutron veto, are integrated into a single DAQ, and can be operated both independently and as a unified system. In total, the DAQ digitizes the signals of 698 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), of which 253 from the top PMT array of the TPC are digitized twice, at $\times10$ and $\times0.5$ gain. The DAQ for the most part is a triggerless system, reading out and storing every signal that exceeds the digitization thresholds. Custom-developed software is used to process the acquired data, making it available within $\mathcal{O}\left(10\text{ s}\right)$ for live data quality monitoring and online analyses. The entire system with all the three subsystems was successfully commissioned and has been operating continuously, comfortably withstanding readout rates that exceed $\sim500$ MB/s during calibration. Livetime during normal operation exceeds $99\%$ and is $\sim90\%$ during most high-rate calibrations. The combined DAQ system has collected more than 2 PB of both calibration and science data during the commissioning of XENONnT and the first science run.
Published: 2022
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33. Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water

Author: Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Shinoki, M., Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Lee, S. H., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchêne, A., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Langella, A., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Boschi, T., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Bronner, C., Feng, J., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarrant, A., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Yang, J. Y., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Iwamoto, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Yokoyama, M., Martens, K., de Perio, P., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive isotopes. Those are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale neutrinos and searches for rare events. Since 2020, gadolinium was introduced in the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium loading. The yield was found to be $(2.76 \pm 0.02\,\mathrm{(stat.) \pm 0.19\,\mathrm{(syst.)}}) \times 10^{-4}\,\mu^{-1} \mathrm{g^{-1} cm^{2}}$ at 259 GeV of average muon energy at the Super-Kamiokande detector., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2022

34. Low-energy Calibration of XENON1T with an Internal $^{37}$Ar Source

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., Zhu, T., Geppert, C., and Riemer, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal $^{37}$Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be (32.3$\pm$0.3) photons/keV and (40.6$\pm$0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is (68.0$^{+6.3}_{-3.7}$) electrons/keV. The $^{37}$Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83$\pm$0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that $^{37}$Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.
Published: 2022
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35. Direct dark matter searches with the full data set of XMASS-I

Author: XMASS Collaboration, Abe, K., Hiraide, K., Kato, N., Moriyama, S., Nakahata, M., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Yang, B. S., Kim, N. Y., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Itow, Y., Martens, K., Mason, A., Yamashita, M., Miuchi, K., Takeuchi, Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. K., Fukuda, Y., Ogawa, H., Ichimura, K., Kishimoto, Y., Nishijima, K., Fushimi, K., Xu, B. D., Kobayashi, K., and Nakamura, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Various WIMP dark matter searches using the full data set of XMASS-I, a single-phase liquid xenon detector, are reported in this paper. Stable XMASS-I data taking accumulated a total live time of 1590.9 days between November 20, 2013 and February 1, 2019 with an analysis threshold of ${\rm 1.0\,keV_{ee}}$. In the latter half of data taking a lower analysis threshold of ${\rm 0.5\,keV_{ee}}$ was also available through a new low threshold trigger. Searching for a WIMP signal in the detector's 97~kg fiducial volume yielded a limit on the WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section of ${\rm 1.4\times 10^{-44}\, cm^{2}}$ for a ${\rm 60\,GeV/c^{2}}$ WIMP at the 90$\%$ confidence level. We also searched for WIMP induced annual modulation signatures in the detector's whole target volume, containing 832~kg of liquid xenon. For nuclear recoils of a ${\rm 8\,GeV/c^{2}}$ WIMP this analysis yielded a 90\% CL cross section limit of ${\rm 2.3\times 10^{-42}\, cm^{2}}$. At a WIMP mass of ${\rm 0.5\, GeV/c^{2}}$ the Migdal effect and Bremsstrahlung signatures were evaluated and lead to 90\% CL cross section limits of ${\rm 1.4\times 10^{-35}\, cm^{2}}$ and ${\rm 1.1\times 10^{-33}\, cm^{2}}$ respectively.
Published: 2022
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36. Searching for neutrinos from solar flares across solar cycles 23 and 24 with the Super-Kamiokande detector

Author: Okamoto, K., Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, Y., Kataoka, Y., Kashiwagi, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nagao, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Shiba, H., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Xia, J., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Kim, J. Y., Lee, S. H., Lim, I. T., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchene, A., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Boschi, T., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Bronner, C., Feng, J., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarrant, A., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Vilela, C., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Nakanishi, F., Piplani, N., Sakai, S., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Yang, J. Y., Fannon, J. E. P., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Iwamoto, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Yokoyama, M., Martens, K., de Perio, P., Vagins, M. R., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Walker, J., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Sasaki, R., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: Neutrinos associated with solar flares (solar-flare neutrinos) provide information on particle acceleration mechanisms during the impulsive phase of solar flares. We searched using the Super-Kamiokande detector for neutrinos from solar flares that occurred during solar cycles $23$ and $24$, including the largest solar flare (X28.0) on November 4th, 2003. In order to minimize the background rate we searched for neutrino interactions within narrow time windows coincident with $\gamma$-rays and soft X-rays recorded by satellites. In addition, we performed the first attempt to search for solar-flare neutrinos from solar flares on the invisible side of the Sun by using the emission time of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). By selecting twenty powerful solar flares above X5.0 on the visible side and eight CMEs whose emission speed exceeds $2000$ $\mathrm{km \, s^{-1}}$ on the invisible side from 1996 to 2018, we found two (six) neutrino events coincident with solar flares occurring on the visible (invisible) side of the Sun, with a typical background rate of $0.10$ ($0.62$) events per flare in the MeV-GeV energy range. No significant solar-flare neutrino signal above the estimated background rate was observed. As a result we set the following upper limit on neutrino fluence at the Earth $\mathit{\Phi}<1.1\times10^{6}$ $\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ at the $90\%$ confidence level for the largest solar flare. The resulting fluence limits allow us to constrain some of the theoretical models for solar-flare neutrino emission., Comment: 36 pages, 18 figures, 9 tables (Figure 12 was replaced because it was incorrect in version 1.)
Published: 2022

37. Effective Field Theory and Inelastic Dark Matter Results from XENON1T

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: In this work, we expand on the XENON1T nuclear recoil searches to study the individual signals of dark matter interactions from operators up to dimension-eight in a Chiral Effective Field Theory (ChEFT) and a model of inelastic dark matter (iDM). We analyze data from two science runs of the XENON1T detector totaling 1\,tonne$\times$year exposure. For these analyses, we extended the region of interest from [4.9, 40.9]$\,$keV$_{\text{NR}}$ to [4.9, 54.4]$\,$keV$_{\text{NR}}$ to enhance our sensitivity for signals that peak at nonzero energies. We show that the data is consistent with the background-only hypothesis, with a small background over-fluctuation observed peaking between 20 and 50$\,$keV$_{\text{NR}}$, resulting in a maximum local discovery significance of 1.7\,$\sigma$ for the Vector$\otimes$Vector$_{\text{strange}}$ ($VV_s$) ChEFT channel for a dark matter particle of 70$\,$GeV/c$^2$, and $1.8\,\sigma$ for an iDM particle of 50$\,$GeV/c$^2$ with a mass splitting of 100$\,$keV/c$^2$. For each model, we report 90\,\% confidence level (CL) upper limits. We also report upper limits on three benchmark models of dark matter interaction using ChEFT where we investigate the effect of isospin-breaking interactions. We observe rate-driven cancellations in regions of the isospin-breaking couplings, leading to up to 6 orders of magnitude weaker upper limits with respect to the isospin-conserving case.
Published: 2022

38. An approximate likelihood for nuclear recoil searches with XENON1T data

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The XENON collaboration has published stringent limits on specific dark matter -nucleon recoil spectra from dark matter recoiling on the liquid xenon detector target. In this paper, we present an approximate likelihood for the XENON1T 1 tonne-year nuclear recoil search applicable to any nuclear recoil spectrum. Alongside this paper, we publish data and code to compute upper limits using the method we present. The approximate likelihood is constructed in bins of reconstructed energy, profiled along the signal expectation in each bin. This approach can be used to compute an approximate likelihood and therefore most statistical results for any nuclear recoil spectrum. Computing approximate results with this method is approximately three orders of magnitude faster than the likelihood used in the original publications of XENON1T, where limits were set for specific families of recoil spectra. Using this same method, we include toy Monte Carlo simulation-derived binwise likelihoods for the upcoming XENONnT experiment that can similarly be used to assess the sensitivity to arbitrary nuclear recoil signatures in its eventual 20 tonne-year exposure., Comment: Accepted by European Physical Journal C
Published: 2022
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39. Search for Cosmic-ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande

Author: Collaboration, The Super-Kamiokande, Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Xia, J., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Boschi, T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Bronner, C., Feng, J., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Nova, F., Yang, J. Y., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Iwamoto, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Taniuchi, N., Yokoyama, M., Martens, K., de Perio, P., Vagins, M. R., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report a search for cosmic-ray boosted dark matter with protons using the 0.37 megaton$\times$years data collected at Super-Kamiokande experiment during the 1996-2018 period (SKI-IV phase). We searched for an excess of proton recoils above the atmospheric neutrino background from the vicinity of the Galactic Center. No such excess is observed, and limits are calculated for two reference models of dark matter with either a constant interaction cross-section or through a scalar mediator. This is the first experimental search for boosted dark matter with hadrons using directional information. The results present the most stringent limits on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter and exclude the dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross-section between $10^{-33}\text{ cm}^{2}$ and $10^{-27}\text{ cm}^{2}$ for dark matter mass from 10 MeV/$c^2$ to 1 GeV/$c^2$., Comment: With 1-page appendix. A bug was found in July 2023. This version is updated to match the erratum
Published: 2022
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40. Neutron Tagging following Atmospheric Neutrino Events in a Water Cherenkov Detector

Author: Abe, K., Haga, Y., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Imaizumi, S., Iyogi, K., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kataoka, Y., Kato, Y., Kishimoto, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Mochizuki, T., Moriyama, S., Nagao, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, T., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Okada, T., Okamoto, K., Orii, A., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Tasaka, S., Tomura, T., Ueno, K., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Yokozawa, T., Han, S., Irvine, T., Kajita, T., Kametani, I., Kaneyuki, K., Lee, K. P., McLachlan, T., Okumura, K., Richard, E., Tashiro, T., Wang, R., Xia, J., Megias, G. D., Bravo-Berguño, D., Labarga, L., Zaldivar, B., Goldhaber, M., Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Gustafson, J., Kachulis, C., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Sussman, S., Wan, L., Wester, T., Pointon, B. W., Bian, J., Carminati, G., Elnimr, M., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Renshaw, A., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Weatherly, P., Ganezer, K. S., Hartfiel, B. L., Hill, J., Keig, W. E., Hong, N., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Park, R. G., Akiri, T., Bodur, B., Himmel, A., Li, Z., O'Sullivan, E., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Wongjirad, T., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Imber, J., Mueller, Th. A., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Choi, K., Learned, J. G., Matsuno, S., Smith, S. N., Amey, J., Anthony, L. H. V., Litchfield, R. P., Ma, W. Y., Marin, D., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Wascko, M. O., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Intonti, R. A., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., De Rosa, G., Machado, L. N., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Ospina, N., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Cao, S., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Ishii, T., Jakkapu, M., Kobayashi, T., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Boschi, T., Di Lodovico, F., Migenda, J., Sedgwick, S. Molina, Taani, M., Zsoldos, S., Abe, KE., Hasegawa, M., Isobe, Y., Kotsar, Y., Miyabe, H., Ozaki, H., Shiozawa, T., Sugimoto, T., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Ali, A., Ashida, Y., Bronner, C., Feng, J., Hayashino, T., Hiraki, T., Hirota, S., Huang, K., Jiang, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Murakami, A., Nakamura, KE., Nakaya, T., Patel, N. D., Suzuki, K., Takahashi, S., Tateishi, K., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Fernandez, P., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Pritchard, A., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Mitsuka, G., Murase, M., Muto, F., Niwa, T., Tsukada, T. Suzuki M., Frankiewicz, K., Mijakowski, P., Hignight, J., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Li, X., Palomino, J. L., Santucci, G., Vilela, C., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Fukuda, D., Hagiwara, K., Harada, M., Horai, T., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kayano, T., Kibayashi, A., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Mori, T., Nagata, H., Piplani, N., Sakai, S., Sakuda, M., Takahira, Y., Xu, C., Yamaguchi, R., Kuno, Y., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Goldsack, A., Samani, S., Simpson, C., Wark, D., Nova, F., Tacik, R., Yang, J. Y., Cole, A., Jenkins, S. J., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Choi, Y., Kim, S. B., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Ito, K., Nishijima, K., Calland, R. G., de Perio, P., Martens, K., Murdoch, M., Vagins, M. R., Koshiba, M., Totsuka, Y., Iwamoto, K., Nakajima, Y., Ogawa, N., Suda, Y., Yokoyama, M., Hamabe, D., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Okajima, Y., Tanaka, M., Yoshida, T., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Matsumoto, R., Ohta, K., Shinoki, M., Martin, J. F., Nantais, C. M., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, Y., Berkman, S., Tobayama, S., Connolly, K., Wilkes, R. J., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Hadley, D., Richards, B., Jamieson, B., Walker, J., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., and Sasaki, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data, identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218 \pm 9 \mu s.
Published: 2022
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41. Search for proton decay via $p\rightarrow \mu^+K^0$ in 0.37 megaton-years exposure of Super-Kamiokande

Author: Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Matsumoto, R., Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Xia, J., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Boschi, T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Bronner, C., Feng, J., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tsui, K. M., Tarrant, A., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jiang, M. Jia J., Jung, C. K., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Yang, J. Y., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Iwamoto, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Taniuchi, N., Yokoyama, M., Martens, K., de Perio, P., Vagins, M. R., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We searched for proton decay via $p\to\mu^+K^0$ in 0.37\,Mton$\cdot$years of data collected between 1996 and 2018 from the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov experiment. The selection criteria were defined separately for $K^0_S$ and $K^0_L$ channels. No significant event excess has been observed. As a result of this analysis, which extends the previous search by an additional 0.2\,Mton$\cdot$years of exposure and uses an improved event reconstruction, we set a lower limit of $3.6\times10^{33}$ years on the proton lifetime., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2022

42. Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Gardner, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Paschos, P., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Stephen, J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on a blinded analysis of low-energy electronic-recoil data from the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. Novel subsystems and the increased 5.9 tonne liquid xenon target reduced the background in the (1, 30) keV search region to $(15.8 \pm 1.3)$ events/(tonne$\times$year$\times$keV), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector and $\sim$5 times lower than in XENON1T. With an exposure of 1.16 tonne-years, we observe no excess above background and set stringent new limits on solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Data points are available in https://zenodo.org/record/7311940
Published: 2022
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43. Snowmass 2021 White Paper: Cosmogenic Dark Matter and Exotic Particle Searches in Neutrino Experiments

Author: Berger, J., Brailsford, D., Choi, K., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Cui, Y., Das, A., Dror, J. A., Habig, A., Itow, Y., Kearns, E., Kim, D., Park, J. -C., Petrillo, G., Rott, C., Sen, M., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -T., and Yu, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The signals from outer space and their detection have been playing an important role in particle physics, especially in discoveries of and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM); beyond the evidence of dark matter (DM), for example, the neutrinos produced from the dark matter annihilation is important for the indirect DM searches. Moreover, a wide range of new, well-motivated physics models and dark-sector scenarios have been proposed in the last decade, predicting cosmogenic signals complementary to those in the conventional direct detection of particle-like dark matter. Most notably, various mechanisms to produce (semi-)relativistic DM particles in the present universe (e.g. boosted dark matter) have been put forward, while being consistent with current observational and experimental constraints on DM. The resulting signals often have less intense and more energetic fluxes, to which underground, kiloton-scale neutrino detectors can be readily sensitive. In addition, the scattering of slow-moving DM can give rise to a sizable energy deposit if the underlying dark-sector model allows for a large mass difference between the initial and final state particles, and the neutrino experiments with large volume detectors are well suited for exploring these opportunities. This White Paper is devoted to discussing the scientific importance of the cosmogenic dark matter and exotic particle searches, not only overviewing the recent efforts in both the theory and the experiment communities but also providing future perspectives and directions on this research branch. A landscape of technologies used in neutrino detectors and their complementarity is discussed, and the current and developing analysis strategies are outlined., Comment: Add a reference to the snowmass white paper
Published: 2022

44. Search for supernova bursts in Super-Kamiokande IV

Author: collaboration, The Super-Kamiokande, Mori, M., Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Imaizumi, S., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nagao, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okada, T., Okamoto, K., Orii, A., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Tomiya, T., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Yoshida, S., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Wang, X., Xia, J., Megias, G. D., Bravo-Berguno, D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Zsoldos, S., Pointon, B. W., Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Stone, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, Hill, J., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Santos, A. D., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Fujisawa, C., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Ozaki, H., Shiozawa, T., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Kotsar, Y., Ashida, Y., Bronner, C., Feng, J., Hirota, S., Kikawa, T., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Niwa, T., Tsukada, M., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mijakowski, P., Zalipska, J., Mandal, M., Prabhu, Y. S., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Vilela, C., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Jia, M., Hagiwara, K., Harada, M., Horai, T., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Nakanishi, F., Piplani, N., Sakai, S., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Nova, F., Boschi, T., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Di Lodovico, F., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Yang, J. Y., Jenkins, S. J., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Iwamoto, K., Taniuchi, N., Yokoyama, M., Martens, K., de Perio, P., Vagins, M. R., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Yoshida, T., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Ohta, K., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., Flaherty, M. O', Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Walker, J., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sasaki, R., Sano, S., Suzuki, S., Wada, K., Cao, S., Ichikawa, A., Nakamura, K. D., and Tairafun, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Super-Kamiokande has been searching for neutrino bursts characteristic of core-collapse supernovae continuously, in real time, since the start of operations in 1996. The present work focuses on detecting more distant supernovae whose event rate may be too small to trigger in real time, but may be identified using an offline approach. The analysis of data collected from 2008 to 2018 found no evidence of distant supernovae bursts. This establishes an upper limit of 0.29 year$^{-1}$ on the rate of core-collapse supernovae out to 100 kpc at 90% C.L.. For supernovae that fail to explode and collapse directly to black holes the limit reaches to 300 kpc.
Published: 2022
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45. Pre-Supernova Alert System for Super-Kamiokande

Author: Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Machado, L. N., Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakano, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., de Perio, P., Martens, K., Vagins, M. R., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Xia, J., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Akutsu, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Prouse, N. W., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Hill, J., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Cao, S., Choi, K., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Pronost, G., Fujisawa, C., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Sasaki, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Jakkapu, M., Kobayashi, T., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Boschi, T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yaamoto, S., Bronner, C., Feng, J., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Harada, M., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Nova, F., Yang, J. Y., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Iwamoto, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Taniuchi, N., Yokoyama, M., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yonenaga, M., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: In 2020, the Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment moved to a new stage (SK-Gd) in which gadolinium (Gd) sulfate octahydrate was added to the water in the detector, enhancing the efficiency to detect thermal neutrons and consequently improving the sensitivity to low energy electron anti-neutrinos from inverse beta decay (IBD) interactions. SK-Gd has the potential to provide early alerts of incipient core-collapse supernovae through detection of electron anti-neutrinos from thermal and nuclear processes responsible for the cooling of massive stars before the gravitational collapse of their cores. These pre-supernova neutrinos emitted during the silicon burning phase can exceed the energy threshold for IBD reactions. We present the sensitivity of SK-Gd to pre-supernova stars and the techniques used for the development of a pre-supernova alarm based on the detection of these neutrinos in SK, as well as prospects for future SK-Gd phases with higher concentrations of Gd. For the current SK-Gd phase, high-confidence alerts for Betelgeuse could be issued up to nine hours in advance of the core-collapse itself., Comment: 20 pages
Published: 2022
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46. Search for neutrinoless quadruple beta decay of $^{136}$Xe in XMASS-I

Author: XMASS Collaboration, Abe, K., Hiraide, K., Ichimura, K., Kato, N., Kishimoto, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, M., Moriyama, S., Nakahata, M., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Suzuki, T., Takeda, A., Tasaka, S., Yamashita, M., Yang, B. S., Kim, N. Y., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ishii, R., Itow, Y., Kanzawa, K., Masuda, K., Martens, K., Mason, A., Suzuki, Y., Miuchi, K., Takeuchi, Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. K., Fukuda, Y., Ogawa, H., Nishijima, K., Fushimi, K., Xu, B. D., and Nakamura, S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A search for the neutrinoless quadruple beta decay of $^{136}$Xe was conducted with the liquid-xenon detector XMASS-I using $\rm 327\; kg \times 800.0 \; days$ of the exposure. The pulse shape discrimination based on the scintillation decay time constant which distinguishes $\gamma$-rays including the signal and $\beta$-rays was used to enhance the search sensitivity. No significant signal excess was observed from the energy spectrum fitting with precise background evaluation, and we set a lower limit of the half life of 3.7 $\times$ 10$^{24}$ years at 90$\%$ confidence level. This is the first experimental constraint of the neutrinoless quadruple beta decay of $^{136}$Xe.
Published: 2022
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47. Double-Weak Decays of $^{124}$Xe and $^{136}$Xe in the XENON1T and XENONnT Experiments

Author: Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present results on the search for double-electron capture ($2\nu\text{ECEC}$) of $^{124}$Xe and neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{136}$Xe in XENON1T. We consider captures from the K- up to the N-shell in the $2\nu\text{ECEC}$ signal model and measure a total half-life of $T_{1/2}^{2\nu\text{ECEC}}=(1.1\pm0.2_\text{stat}\pm0.1_\text{sys})\times 10^{22}\;\text{yr}$ with a $0.87\;\text{kg}\times\text{yr}$ isotope exposure. The statistical significance of the signal is $7.0\,\sigma$. We use XENON1T data with $36.16\;\text{kg}\times\text{yr}$ of $^{136}$Xe exposure to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$. We find no evidence of a signal and set a lower limit on the half-life of $T_{1/2}^{0\nu\beta\beta} > 1.2 \times 10^{24}\;\text{yr}\; \text{at}\; 90\,\%\;\text{CL}$. This is the best result from a dark matter detector without an enriched target to date. We also report projections on the sensitivity of XENONnT to $0\nu\beta\beta$. Assuming a $275\;\text{kg}\times\text{yr}$ $^{136}$Xe exposure, the expected sensitivity is $T_{1/2}^{0\nu\beta\beta} > 2.1 \times 10^{25}\;\text{yr}\; \text{at}\; 90\,\%\;\text{CL}$, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass range of $\langle m_{\beta\beta} \rangle < (0.19 - 0.59)\;\text{eV/c}^2$., Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, 9 tables, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Published: 2022
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48. Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing

Author: Specht, D., Poleski, R., Penny, M. T., Kerins, E., McDonald, I., Lee, Chung-Uk, Udalski, A., Bond, I. A., Shvartzvald, Y., Zang, Weicheng, Street, R. A., Hogg, D. W., Gaudi, B. S., Barclay, T., Barentsen, G., Howell, S. B., Mullally, F., Henderson, C. B., Bryson, S. T., Caldwell, D. A., Haas, M. R., Van Cleve, J. E., Larson, K., McCalmont, K., Peterson, C., Putnam, D., Ross, S., Packard, M., Reedy, L., Albrow, Michael D., Chung, Sun-Ju, Jung, Youn Kil, Gould, Andrew, Han, Cheongho, Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Shin, In-Gu, Yang, Hongjing, Yee, Jennifer C., Cha, Sang-Mok, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Szymański, M. K., Soszyński, I., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Kozlowski, Sz., Skowron, J., Mróz, P., Mao, Shude, Fouqué, Pascal, Zhu, Wei, Abe, F., Barry, R., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Fukui, A., Fujii, H., Hirao, Y., Itow, Y., Kirikawa, R., Kondo, I., Koshimoto, N., Matsubara, Y., Matsumoto, S., Miyazaki, S., Muraki, Y., Olmschenk, G., Ranc, C., Okamura, A., Rattenbury, N. J., Satoh, Y., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Silva, S. I., Toda, T., Tristram, P. J., Vandorou, A., Yama, H., Beichman, C., Bryden, G., and Novati, S. Calchi
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb, a densely sampled, planetary binary caustic-crossing microlensing event found from a blind search of data gathered from Campaign 9 of the Kepler K2 mission (K2C9). K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb is the first bound microlensing exoplanet discovered from space-based data. The event has caustic entry and exit points that are resolved in the K2C9 data, enabling the lens--source relative proper motion to be measured. We have fitted a binary microlens model to the Kepler data, and to simultaneous observations from multiple ground-based surveys. Whilst the ground-based data only sparsely sample the binary caustic, they provide a clear detection of parallax that allows us to break completely the microlensing mass--position--velocity degeneracy and measure the planet's mass directly. We find a host mass of $0.58\pm0.04 ~{\rm M}_\odot$ and a planetary mass of $1.1\pm0.1 ~{\rm M_J}$. The system lies at a distance of $5.2\pm0.2~$kpc from Earth towards the Galactic bulge, more than twice the distance of the previous most distant planet found by Kepler. The sky-projected separation of the planet from its host is found to be $4.2\pm0.3~$au which, for circular orbits, deprojects to a host separation $a = 4.4^{+1.9}_{-0.4}~$au and orbital period $P = 13^{+9}_{-2}~$yr. This makes K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb a close Jupiter analogue orbiting a low-mass host star. According to current planet formation models, this system is very close to the host mass threshold below which Jupiters are not expected to form. Upcoming space-based exoplanet microlensing surveys by NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and, possibly, ESA's Euclid mission, will provide demanding tests of current planet formation models., Comment: 18 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published: 2022
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49. Measurement of forward photon production cross-section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 510 GeV with RHICf detector

Author: Adriani, O., Berti, E., Bonechi, L., D'Alessandro, R., Goto, Y., Hong, B., Itow, Y., Kasahara, K., Lee, J. H., Ljubicic, T., Kim, M. H., Menjo, H., Nakagawa, I., Ogawa, A., Ohashi, K., Pak, R., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sato, K., Seidl, R., Tanida, K., Torii, S., and Tricomi, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This study reported the inclusive differential production cross-section of photons in six pseudorapidity regions: 6.1 < $\eta$ < 6.5, 6.5 < $\eta$ < 7.0, 7.0 < $\eta$ <7.5, 7.5 < $\eta$ <8.0, 8.0 < $\eta$ < 8.5, and $\eta$ > 8.5, measured through the RHICf experiment with pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 510 GeV conducted in June 2017. In addition, the cross-sections in the three regions of the $x_F$-$p_T$ phase space coverage that are same as those of the LHCf results at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 13 TeV were obtained and compared. Considering the uncertainties, the results were observed to be consistent with both the Feynman scaling law and the model predictions of EPOS-LHC, QGSJET-II-04, Sibyll 2.3d, and DPMjet-III 2019.1, although certain models exhibited weak collision energy dependencies., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022

50. Testing Non-Standard Interactions Between Solar Neutrinos and Quarks with Super-Kamiokande

Author: Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Weatherly, P., Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ikeda, M., Iyogi, K., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kataoka, Y., Kato, Y., Kishimoto, Y., Miki, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Mochizuki, T., Nakahata, M., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, S., Okada, T., Okamoto, K., Orii, A., Pronost, G., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Tasaka, S., Wang, X., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Kaneyuki, K., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Wang, R., Xia, J., Megias, G. D., Labarga, L., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Kachulis, C., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Sussman, S., Wan, L., Wester, T., Berkman, S., Tobayama, S., Bian, J., Elnimr, M., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Mine, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Ganezer, K. S., Hill, J., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Li, Z., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Giampaolo, A., Hedri, S. El, Imber, J., Mueller, Th. A., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Santos, A. D., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Matsuno, S., Cao, S., Amey, J., Anthony, L. H. V., Litchfield, R. P., Ma, W. Y., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Wascko, M. O., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Intonti, R. A., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ospina, N., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Jakkapu, M., Kobayashi, T., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Boschi, T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Zsoldos, S., Abe, KE., Hasegawa, M., Isobe, Y., Kotsar, Y., Miyabe, H., Ozaki, H., Sugimoto, T., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Ashida, Y., Feng, J., Hayashino, T., Hirota, S., Jiang, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Fernandez, P., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Pritchard, A., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Murase, M., Frankiewicz, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Li, X., Palomino, J. L., Santucci, G., Vilela, C., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Fukuda, D., Hagiwara, K., Harada, M., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Sakai, S., Sakuda, M., Takahira, Y., Xu, C., Kuno, Y., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Goldsack, A., Samani, S., Simpson, C., Wark, D., Sedgwick, S. Molina, Tacik, R., Nova, F., Yang, J. Y., Jenkins, S. J., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Choi, Y., Kim, S. B., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A., Nakamura, K. D., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Iwamoto, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Suda, Y., Taniuchi, N., Yokoyama, M., Martens, K., Murdoch, M., Vagins, M. R., Hamabe, D., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Okajima, Y., Yoshida, T., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yonenaga, M., Martin, J. F., Nantais, C. M., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., de Perio, P., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Giorgio, P., Marti, Ll., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Sasaki, R., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Non-Standard Interactions (NSI) between neutrinos and matter affect the neutrino flavor oscillations. Due to the high matter density in the core of the Sun, solar neutrinos are suited to probe these interactions. Using the $277$ kton-yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande to $^{8}$B solar neutrinos, we search for the presence of NSI. Our data favors the presence of NSI with down quarks at 1.8$\sigma$, and with up quarks at 1.6$\sigma$, with the best fit NSI parameters being ($\epsilon_{11}^{d},\epsilon_{12}^{d}$) = (-3.3, -3.1) for $d$-quarks and ($\epsilon_{11}^{u},\epsilon_{12}^{u}$) = (-2.5, -3.1) for $u$-quarks. After combining with data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory and Borexino, the significance increases by 0.1$\sigma$., Comment: Author: Pierce Weatherly 25 pages. To be submitted to Physical Review D
Published: 2022

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