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1. Terahertz Spectroscopy Sheds Light on Real‐Time Exchange Kinetics Occurring through Plasma Membrane during Photodynamic Therapy Treatment

Author: Xiujun Zheng, Blandine Lordon, Anne‐Françoise Mingotaud, Patricia Vicendo, Rachel Brival, Isabelle Fourquaux, Laure Gibot, and Guilhem Gallot
Subjects: permeability, photodynamic therapy PDT, plasma membrane, polymers, self‐assembly, Science
Abstract: Abstract Methods to follow in real time complex processes occurring along living cell membranes such as cell permeabilization are rare. Here, the terahertz spectroscopy reveals early events in plasma membrane alteration generated during photodynamic therapy (PDT) protocol, events which are not observable in any other conventional biological techniques performed in parallel as comparison. Photodynamic process is examined in Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells using Pheophorbide (Pheo) photosensitizer alone or alternatively encapsulated in poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) micelles for drug delivery purpose. Terahertz spectroscopy (THz) reveals that plasma membrane permeabilization starts simultaneously with illumination and is stronger when photosensitizer is encapsulated. In parallel, the exchange of biological species is assessed. Over several hours, this conventional approach demonstrates significant differences between free and encapsulated Pheo, the latter leading to high penetration of propidium iodide, Na+ and Ca2+ ions, and a high level of leakage of K+, ATP, and lactate dehydrogenase. THz spectroscopy provides, in a single measurement, the relative number of defects per membrane surface created after PDT, which is not achieved by any other method, providing early, sensitive real‐time information. THz spectroscopy is therefore a promising technique and can be applied to any biological topic requiring the examination of short‐term plasma membrane permeabilization.
Published: 2023
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2. Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in a donkey – a case report

Author: Jevgenija Kondratjeva, Florie Julien, Céline Coutelier, Louis Humeau, Fabien Moog, Daniel Combarros, Isabelle Fourquaux, Charline Pressanti, Maxence Delverdier, Peter F. Moore, and Marie Christine Cadiergues
Subjects: Equus asinus, Donkey, Skin, Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Clonality test, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: Abstract Background Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma is a malignant tumour of the skin already reported in humans, dogs, cats, horses, and other species, but not previously in donkeys. The standard diagnosis is based on clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic data. Differentiation of malignant versus benign proliferation of lymphocytes is crucial; in ambiguous cases T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) molecular clonality should be tested. In the present paper, we report a case of mycosis fungoides diagnosed in a donkey whose diagnosis was based on clinical, histological and immunohistochemical aspects and a positive TRG clonality test. Case presentation A twenty-five-year-old donkey gelding was referred with a mildly pruritic, generalised and severe exfoliative dermatosis. Otherwise, the animal was clinically healthy, though mildly underweight. Dermatological examination revealed severe generalised alopecic and exfoliative dermatitis, occasionally eroded, with high number of large, thin, greyish scales. All mucocutaneous junctions except the hoofs were affected. Ectoparasites and dermatophytes were ruled out. The complete blood count and blood smear evaluation revealed mild normocytic normochromic anemia. The biochemistry panel showed mild hyperproteinemia with albumin within the normal range. Protein electrophoresis showed moderate polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Histological findings were characterised by interface dermatitis with massive exocytosis in the epidermis of a homogenous population of lymphoid cells showing atypia. Clusters of neoplastic cells were present within the epidermis forming Pautrier “microabscesses”. These findings are consistent with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed uniform labelling of the neoplastic cells for CD3, and lack of expression of CD20 (a B cell lineage associated marker). Molecular clonality PCR (PARR) was performed using equine TRG primers; this revealed a clonal rearrangement in a heavy polyclonal background. Transmission electronic microscopy showed multiple lymphocytes with convoluted or cerebriform nuclei. Conclusions This case report provides the first evidence of clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic features, electron microscopy findings and molecular analysis of a cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) in a donkey. Our observations suggest that cutaneous T-cell lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnoses of exfoliative dermatitis, even those progressing in a chronic pattern and/or with few or no pruritus.
Published: 2022
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3. Toxicity of Food-Grade TiO2 to Commensal Intestinal and Transient Food-Borne Bacteria: New Insights Using Nano-SIMS and Synchrotron UV Fluorescence Imaging

Author: Joanna M. Radziwill-Bienkowska, Pauline Talbot, Jasper B. J. Kamphuis, Véronique Robert, Christel Cartier, Isabelle Fourquaux, Esther Lentzen, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Frédéric Jamme, Matthieu Réfrégiers, Jacek K. Bardowski, Philippe Langella, Magdalena Kowalczyk, Eric Houdeau, Muriel Thomas, and Muriel Mercier-Bonin
Subjects: food-grade TiO2, bacterial toxicity, intestinal bacteria, food-borne bacteria, cellular and subcellular bioimaging, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used as a food additive (E171 in the EU) for its whitening and opacifying properties. However, a risk of intestinal barrier disruption, including dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, is increasingly suspected because of the presence of a nano-sized fraction in this additive. We hypothesized that food-grade E171 and Aeroxyde P25 (identical to the NM-105 OECD reference nanomaterial in the European Union Joint Research Centre) interact with both commensal intestinal bacteria and transient food-borne bacteria under non-UV-irradiated conditions. Based on differences in their physicochemical properties, we expect a difference in their respective effects. To test these hypotheses, we chose a panel of eight Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacterial strains, isolated from different biotopes and belonging to the species Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis (subsp. lactis and cremoris), Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus sakei. Bacterial cells were exposed to food-grade E171 vs. P25 in vitro and the interactions were explored with innovative (nano)imaging methods. The ability of bacteria to trap TiO2 was demonstrated using synchrotron UV fluorescence imaging with single cell resolution. Subsequent alterations in the growth profiles were shown, notably for the transient food-borne L. lactis and the commensal intestinal E. coli in contact with food-grade TiO2. However, for both species, the reduction in cell cultivability remained moderate, and the morphological and ultrastructural damages, observed with electron microscopy, were restricted to a small number of cells. E. coli exposed to food-grade TiO2 showed some internalization of TiO2 (7% of cells), observed with high-resolution nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry (Nano-SIMS) chemical imaging. Taken together, these data show that E171 may be trapped by commensal and transient food-borne bacteria within the gut. In return, it may induce some physiological alterations in the most sensitive species, with a putative impact on gut microbiota composition and functioning, especially after chronic exposure.
Published: 2018
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4. Spatial Localization and Binding of the Probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis to the Rat Intestinal Mucosa: Influence of Chronic Stress.

Author: Stéphanie Da Silva, Catherine Robbe-Masselot, Arthur Raymond, Myriam Mercade-Loubière, Christel Salvador-Cartier, Bélinda Ringot, Renaud Léonard, Isabelle Fourquaux, Afifa Ait-Belgnaoui, Pascal Loubière, Vassilia Théodorou, and Muriel Mercier-Bonin
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The present study aimed at detecting the exogenously applied probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis in rats, after exposure to IBS-like chronic stress, based on 4-day Water Avoidance Stress (WAS). The presence of L. farciminis in both ileal and colonic mucosal tissues was demonstrated by FISH and qPCR, with ileum as the preferential niche, as for the SFB population. A different spatial distribution of the probiotic was observed: in the ileum, bacteria were organized in micro-colonies more or less close to the epithelium whereas, in the colon, they were mainly visualized far away from the epithelium. When rats were submitted to WAS, the L. farciminis population substantially decreased in both intestinal regions, due to a stress-induced increase in colonic motility and defecation, rather than a modification of bacterial binding to the intestinal mucin Muc2.
Published: 2015
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5. Escherichia coli under Ionic Silver Stress: An Integrative Approach to Explore Transcriptional, Physiological and Biochemical Responses.

Author: Claire Saulou-Bérion, Ignacio Gonzalez, Brice Enjalbert, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Isabelle Fourquaux, Frédéric Jamme, Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, and Laurence Girbal
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: For a better understanding of the systemic effect of sub-lethal micromolar concentrations of ionic silver on Escherichia coli, we performed a multi-level characterization of cells under Ag+-mediated stress using an integrative biology approach combining physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic data. Physiological parameters, namely bacterial growth and survival after Ag+ exposure, were first quantified and related to the accumulation of intracellular silver, probed for the first time by nano secondary ion mass spectroscopy at sub-micrometer lateral resolution. Modifications in E. coli biochemical composition were evaluated under Ag+-mediated stress by in situ synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy and a comprehensive transcriptome response was also determined. Using multivariate statistics, correlations between the physiological parameters, the extracellular concentration of AgNO3 and the intracellular silver content, gene expression profiles and micro-spectroscopic data were investigated. We identified Ag+-dependent regulation of gene expression required for growth (e.g. transporter genes, transcriptional regulators, ribosomal proteins), for ionic silver transport and detoxification (e.g. copA, cueO, mgtA, nhaR) and for coping with various types of stress (dnaK, pspA, metA,R, oxidoreductase genes). The silver-induced shortening of the acyl chain of fatty acids, mostly encountered in cell membrane, was highlighted by microspectroscopy and correlated with the down-regulated expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport (fadL) and synthesis/modification of lipid A (lpxA and arnA). The increase in the disordered secondary structure of proteins in the presence of Ag+ was assessed through the conformational shift shown for amides I and II, and further correlated with the up-regulated expression of peptidase (hfq) and chaperone (dnaJ), and regulation of transpeptidase expression (ycfS and ycbB). Interestingly, as these transpeptidases act on the structural integrity of the cell wall, regulation of their expression may explain the morphological damage reported under Ag+-mediated stress. This result clearly demonstrates that the cell membrane is a key target of ionic silver.
Published: 2015
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6. Supplementary Fig. S3 from Microsomal antiestrogen-binding site ligands induce growth control and differentiation of human breast cancer cells through the modulation of cholesterol metabolism

Author: Sandrine Silvente-Poirot, Marc Poirot, Michel Record, Dominique Goudounèche, Isabelle Fourquaux, François Tercé, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Loubna Mhamdi, Nadia Boubekeur, Philippe de Medina, and Bruno Payré
Abstract: Supplementary Fig. S3 from Microsomal antiestrogen-binding site ligands induce growth control and differentiation of human breast cancer cells through the modulation of cholesterol metabolism
Published: 2023
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7. Data from Microsomal antiestrogen-binding site ligands induce growth control and differentiation of human breast cancer cells through the modulation of cholesterol metabolism

Author: Sandrine Silvente-Poirot, Marc Poirot, Michel Record, Dominique Goudounèche, Isabelle Fourquaux, François Tercé, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Loubna Mhamdi, Nadia Boubekeur, Philippe de Medina, and Bruno Payré
Abstract: The microsomal antiestrogen-binding site (AEBS) is a high-affinity membranous binding site for the antitumor drug tamoxifen that selectively binds diphenylmethane derivatives of tamoxifen such as PBPE and mediates their antiproliferative properties. The AEBS is a hetero-oligomeric complex consisting of 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ8-Δ7-isomerase and 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ7-reductase. High-affinity AEBS ligands inhibit these enzymes leading to the massive intracellular accumulation of zymostenol or 7-dehydrocholesterol (DHC), thus linking AEBS binding to the modulation of cholesterol metabolism and growth control. The aim of the present study was to gain more insight into the control of breast cancer cell growth by AEBS ligands. We report that PBPE and tamoxifen treatment induced differentiation in human breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7 as indicated by the arrest of cells in the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle, the increase in the cell volume, the accumulation and secretion of lipids, and a milk fat globule protein found in milk. These effects were observed with other AEBS ligands and with zymostenol and DHC. Vitamin E abrogates the induction of differentiation and reverses the control of cell growth produced by AEBS ligands, zymostenol, and DHC, showing the importance of the oxidative processes in this effect. AEBS ligands induced differentiation in estrogen receptor-negative mammary tumor cell lines SKBr-3 and MDA-MB-468 but with a lower efficiency than observed with MCF-7. Together, these data show that AEBS ligands exert an antiproliferative effect on mammary cancer cells by inducing cell differentiation and growth arrest and highlight the importance of cholesterol metabolism in these effects. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(12):3707–18]
Published: 2023
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8. Cold helium plasma jet does not stimulate collagen remodeling in a 3D human dermal substitute

Author: Laure Gibot, Aurélie Marches, Isabelle Fourquaux, Patricia Vicendo, Sara Gouarderes, Michel Simon, Nofel Merbahi, Interactions moléculaires et réactivité chimique et photochimique (IMRCP), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts (FERMAT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IDeAS - Interfaces Dynamiques et Assemblages Stimulables (IDeAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Plasmas Réactifs Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-PRHE), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), GDR HAPPYBIO, ANR-17-CE19-0013,WHEEL,Comment l'électricité stimule la cicatrisation : vers une thérapie plus performante des plaies(2017), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Merbahi, Nofel, Comment l'électricité stimule la cicatrisation : vers une thérapie plus performante des plaies - - WHEEL2017 - ANR-17-CE19-0013 - AAPG2017 - VALID, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Hôpital de Rangueil, and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul)
Subjects: matrix metalloproteinase, Plasma Gases, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Biophysics, Wound healing, Matrix metalloproteinase, cold atmospheric plasma, metalloproteinases MMPs, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, Hydroxyproline, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, Electrochemistry, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, Secretion, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Viability assay, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, wound healing ABBREVIATIONS: CAP, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, 030304 developmental biology, Skin, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Plasma Gases, ECM, Plasma-activated medium (PAM), MESH: Humans, MMP, Chemistry, plasma-activated medium, Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), General Medicine, In vitro, Cell biology, RONS, Oxidative stress, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, PAM, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering
Abstract: International audience; Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is an emerging physical approach displaying encouraging antitumor and wound healing effects both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we assessed the potential of direct CAP to remodel skin collagens using an original tissue-engineered human dermal substitute model rich in endogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) covered with 600 µl of culture medium and treated with CAP for 30 and 120 seconds. Our results indicated that Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species such as H2O2, NO3- and NO2- were produced in the medium during treatment. It appeared that in the CAP-treated dermal substitutes 1) cell viability was not altered, 2) pro-collagen I secretion was not modified over 48 h of culture after treatment, 3) global activity of matrix metalloproteinases was not modulated over 48 h after treatment, and 4) no change in hydroxyproline content was observed over 5 days after treatment. In order to confirm the efficiency of our device, we showed that the plasma-activated culture medium induced cell apoptosis and growth delay using a 3D human tumor spheroid model. In conclusion, no effect of direct CAP treatment was monitored on ECM production and degradation, indicating that CAP does not stimulate collagen remodeling at the tissue scale.
Published: 2022
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9. Uptake, fate, and gut toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in vitro

Author: Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Hervé Robert, N. Cabaton, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, C. Stoffels, Mathilde Leveque, Isabelle Fourquaux, E. Person, Vassilia Theodorou, Neuro-Gastroentérologie & Nutrition (ToxAlim-NGN), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Métabolisme et Xénobiotiques (ToxAlim-MeX), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Hôpital de Rangueil, and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, Toxicology, In vitro, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, Biochemistry, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Toxicity, Perfluorooctanoic acid, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

10. Pulsed Electric Fields Induce Extracellular Matrix Remodeling through Matrix Metalloproteinases Activation and Decreased Collagen Production

Author: Camille Ober, Isabelle Fourquaux, Alexander Golberg, Patricia Vicendo, Sara Gouarderes, Valérie Samouillan, Jany Dandurand, Laure Gibot, Layal Doumard, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Tel Aviv University (ISRAEL)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Tissue Engineering, Chemistry, Cell Biology, Dermatology, Matrix metalloproteinase, Fibrosis, Biochemistry, Matrix Metalloproteinases, Extracellular Matrix, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tissue engineering, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Electric field, Biophysics, Humans, Collagen, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Impairment of extracellular matrix remodeling is observed in the tumor microenvironment or fibrosis and results in excessive collagen production and/or decreased degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Thanks to their local application and transient effects, physical stimuli appear as attractive tools to remodel the extracellular matrix. We assessed the potential of pulsed electric field technology, classically applied to drug delivery, to induce collagen remodeling at the tissue scale. A sophisticated in vitro tissue-engineered human dermal substitute was used to show that microsecond and millisecond pulsed electric fields induced (i) a rapid modulation (4 hours after electrostimulation) of mRNA genes composing the matrisome, particularly a downregulation of procollagens and extracellular matrix maturation enzymes such as transglutaminase 2 and lysyl oxidase like; (ii) a transient decrease in procollagens production and hydroxyproline tissue content within a week after electrostimulation; (iii) a long-lasting ROS-dependent overactivation of matrix metalloproteinases for at least 48 hours; and (iv) a downregulation of TGFβ1. These observations underpin that pulsed electric fields, a technology already approved for clinical use combined with anticancer agents, are particularly promising to provide local and effective treatment of abnormal extracellular matrix.
Published: 2022
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11. Scanning electron microscopy of different vulval structures in a Mexican Haemonchus contortus isolate

Author: Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta, Hervé Hoste, C.A. Sandoval-Castro, Isabelle Fourquaux, and Cintli Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano
Subjects: Goat Diseases, General Veterinary, biology, Scanning electron microscope, Goats, Zoology, biology.organism_classification, Vulva, parasitic diseases, Critical point drying, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Animals, Parasite hosting, Female, Haemonchus, Parasitology, Haemonchiasis, Haemonchus contortus
Abstract: Haemonchus contortus is a parasite species that affects the health and production of grazing small ruminants in different parts of the world. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an important tool for the study of parasites' morphology and taxonomy as it generates images that appear 3D and are generally easier to interpret than optical microscopy images. This study used the SEM to describe the vulval types of adult H. contortus from a Mexican isolate. A total of 14 adult H. contortus females were obtained from two artificially infected goats. Females were fixed and processed by critical point drying and observed with SEM. A collection of SEM images was obtained from these parasites and those images were used to identify the structures previously described by optical microscopy studies. Two different types of vulval structures were described in this Mexican H. contortus isolate: Type 1 (vulval flap), Type 2 (epiptygma). An unusual vulval structure was reported in a single individual. The Type 1 included vulval flaps of different sizes and spatial dispositions, as well as one or more knobs in different positions around the vulva. The Type 2 shows differences in the epiptygma. The present study suggests that the Mexican H. contortus isolate used in donor animals possess intraspecific polymorphism in vulval structures.
Published: 2021
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12. Calcium delivery by electroporation induces in vitro cell Ddeath through mitochondrial dysfunction without DNA damages

Author: Marie-Pierre Rols, Isabelle Fourquaux, Audrey Montigny, H. Baaziz, Laure Gibot, Marc Audebert, Rols, Marie-Pierre, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Interactions moléculaires et réactivité chimique et photochimique (IMRCP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Métabolisme et Xénobiotiques (ToxAlim-MeX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts (FERMAT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IDeAS - Interfaces Dynamiques et Assemblages Stimulables (IDeAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Electrochemotherapy, Programmed cell death, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, chemistry.chemical_element, Médecine humaine et pathologie, spheroids, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Mitochondrion, Calcium, magnesium, Bleomycin, calcium electroporation, electrochemotherapy, genotoxicity, mitochondria, lcsh:RC254-282, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Cytotoxicity, Cisplatin, Electroporation, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Adolescent cancer survivors present increased risks of developing secondary malignancies due to cancer therapy. Electrochemotherapy is a promising anti-cancer approach that potentiates the cytotoxic effect of drugs by application of external electric field pulses. Clinicians proposed to associate electroporation and calcium. The current study aims to unravel the toxic mechanisms of calcium electroporation, in particular if calcium presents a genotoxic profile and if its cytotoxicity comes from the ion itself or from osmotic stress. Human dermal fibroblasts and colorectal HCT-116 cell line were treated by electrochemotherapy using bleomycin, cisplatin, calcium, or magnesium. Genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and caspases activities were assessed in cells grown on monolayers and tumor growth was assayed in tumor spheroids. Results in monolayers show that unlike cisplatin and bleomycin, calcium electroporation induces cell death without genotoxicity induction. Its cytotoxicity correlates with a dramatic fall in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP depletion. Opposite of magnesium, over seven days of calcium electroporation led to spheroid tumor growth regression. As non-genotoxic, calcium has a better safety profile than conventional anticancer drugs. Calcium is already authorized by different health authorities worldwide. Therefore, calcium electroporation should be a cancer treatment of choice due to the reduced potential of secondary malignancies.
Published: 2020
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13. Magnetic Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Nanochains as Photothermal Agents, Disrupting the Extracellular Matrix, and Eradicating Cancer Cells

Author: Anouchka Plan Sangnier, Muriel Golzio, Isabelle Fourquaux, Elena Griseti, Sebastjan Nemec, Marie-Pierre Rols, Slavko Kralj, Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi, Claire Wilhelm, Elisabeth Bellard, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), University of Ljubljana, Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC (UMR_7057)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: collagen, Cancer Research, Nanoparticle, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Matrix (biology), 010402 general chemistry, magnetic silica-coated iron oxide nanochains, 01 natural sciences, Article, Extracellular matrix, 3D cell culture, Cytotoxic T cell, cancer, Tumor microenvironment, Chemistry, cellular microenvironment, Photothermal therapy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, hyperthermia, photothermal treatment, 0104 chemical sciences, Oncology, Cancer cell, Biophysics, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, nanoparticles, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Cancerous cells and the tumor microenvironment are among key elements involved in cancer development, progression, and resistance to treatment. In order to tackle the cells and the extracellular matrix, we herein propose the use of a class of silica-coated iron oxide nanochains, which have superior magnetic responsiveness and can act as efficient photothermal agents. When internalized by different cancer cell lines and normal (non-cancerous) cells, the nanochains are not toxic, as assessed on 2D and 3D cell culture models. Yet, upon irradiation with near infrared light, the nanochains become efficient cytotoxic photothermal agents. Besides, not only do they generate hyperthermia, which effectively eradicates tumor cells in vitro, but they also locally melt the collagen matrix, as we evidence in real-time, using engineered cell sheets with self-secreted extracellular matrix. By simultaneously acting as physical (magnetic and photothermal) effectors and chemical delivery systems, the nanochain-based platforms offer original multimodal possibilities for prospective cancer treatment, affecting both the cells and the extracellular matrix.
Published: 2019
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14. Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats

Author: Carlos A. Sandoval-Castro, Hervé Hoste, Isabelle Fourquaux, Cintli Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano, Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, CCBA, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán-Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, C. Martinez-Ortiz-de-Montellano acknowledges receiving a scholarship from CONACYT, Mexico to undertake her PhD studies. The financial help of the Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT) and the Marie Curie Programme 'Healthy Hay' project as well as the collaboration project between Mexico and France (CONACYT PCP 229330) is much appreciated. We also thank the IEPAC project (FEDER Convention No. 31439 Programme INTERREG IV CARAIBES 2007-2013 - No. 41000140) for financial support., European Project: 36275,HEALTHYHAY, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary (miscellaneous), 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Lysiloma latisiliquum, 03 medical and health sciences, Polyphenol-rich plants, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Fodder, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Haemonchus contortus, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, Anthelmintic, Goat Diseases, biology, Plant Extracts, Goats, Onobrychis viciifolia, Ultrastructural changes, Polyphenols, food and beverages, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, Plant Leaves, Infectious Diseases, Nematode, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Schinopsis, Insect Science, Ultrastructure, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Female, Haemonchus, Haemonchiasis, medicine.drug, Research Article
Abstract: This study assessed the ultrastructural changes caused in adult Haemonchus contortus obtained from goats fed fodder based on polyphenol-rich plants Lysiloma latisiliquum or Onobrychis viciifolia or from goats drenched with quebracho extract, Schinopsis spp. The H. contortus were obtained from artificially infected goats used as models to investigate the anthelmintic effect of feeding or drenching with the polyphenol-rich materials. Nematode populations were exposed to polyphenol-rich plant materials by feeding host goats for 8 consecutive days (D28 to D35 post-infection) with (a) L. latisiliquum fodder at 800 g fresh basis/day, (b) O. viciifolia fodder offered ad libitum, and (c) drenched with a solution containing quebracho extract (90 g/day). Meanwhile, control H. contortus were obtained from goats fed polyphenol-free diets. The H. contortus specimens were recovered from the goats on D36 post-infection, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify ultrastructural changes. In vivo exposure to different polyphenol-rich plant materials caused vacuolization of the nematodes' intestinal, muscular and hypodermal cells. These alterations represent the first evidence of cell damage caused in H. contortus when hosts were fed or drenched with polyphenol-rich materials. Ultrastructural changes affecting several types of cells could explain modifications in worm motility and nutrition, eventually affecting H. contortus reproductive success. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of polyphenol-rich plants against H. contortus when given as nutraceuticals to goats.Étude ultrastructurale d’Haemonchus contortus adultes exposés in vivo à des matériaux riches en polyphénols chez les chèvres.Cette étude a examiné les lésions ultrastructurales provoquées chez les adultes d’Haemonchus contortus obtenus chez des chèvres alimentées par des fourrages riches en polyphénols, Lysiloma latisiliquum ou Onobrychis viciifolia, ou des chèvres recevant des extraits de quebracho, Schinopsis spp. Les H. contortus ont été obtenus à partir de chèvres artificiellement infestées pour vérifier les effets anthelminthiques de l’alimentation ou l’administration de ressources riches en polyphénols. Les populations de nématodes ont été exposées à des ressources végétales contenant des polyphénols chez des hôtes infestés recevant pendant 8 jours (J28 à J35 après infestation) : (a) un fourrage à base de L. latisiliquum (800 g/jour), (b) un fourrage à base de sainfoin (O. viciifolia) offert ad libitum, et (c) une solution d’extrait de quebracho (90 g/jour). Pendant ce temps, une population témoin d’H. contortus a été obtenue à partir de chèvres alimentées avec un régime à base de fourrages sans polyphénols. Des échantillons d’H. contortus ont été obtenus à partir des divers groupes de chèvres à J36 après infestation, et la microscopie électronique à transmission a été utilisée pour identifier les modifications ultrastructurales. L’exposition in vivo à différents matériaux végétaux riches en polyphénols chez l’hôte a provoqué chez les nématodes une vacuolisation des cellules intestinales, musculaires et hypodermiques. Ces altérations représentent la première preuve de lésions cellulaire provoquées chez H. contortus lorsque l’hôte reçoit des ressources riches en polyphénols. Les changements ultrastructuraux affectant divers types de cellules pourraient expliquer des modifications fonctionnelles de motilité et de nutrition des vers, et finalement modifier le succès reproducteur d’H. contortus. Cette étude contribue à la compréhension des mécanismes d’action des plantes contenant des polyphénols utilisées comme alicament contre H. contortus.
Published: 2019
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15. Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Plasma-Activated Liquids in a Three-Dimensional Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Model

Author: Isabelle Fourquaux, Laure Gibot, Marie-Pierre Rols, Muriel Golzio, Mohammed Yousfi, Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi, Nofel Merbahi, Elena Griseti, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Plasmas Réactifs Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-PRHE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cellular pathology, Plasma Gases, DNA damage, Electrochemotherapy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, lcsh:Medicine, Antineoplastic Agents, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Buffers, Article, Cell membrane, Cell delivery, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Spheroids, Cellular, medicine, Fluorescence microscope, Humans, Propidium iodide, lcsh:Science, Cell Proliferation, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Electroporation, lcsh:R, HCT116 Cells, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Cancer cell, Biophysics, lcsh:Q, Permeation and transport, Saline Solution, Colorectal Neoplasms, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Cold atmospheric plasma and more recently, plasma-activated liquids (culture media, water or buffered solutions previously exposed to plasma), are gathering momentum in cancer cells treatment. Nevertheless, in vitro tests show that this novel approach is sometimes less efficient than expected. We here evaluate the mechanisms of action of the plasma-activated PBS and suggest to use electropermeabilization (EP) in combination with the plasma-activated phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), in order to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of the plasma activated liquid. Human multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS), a three-dimensional cell model, which resembles small avascular tumors, was used to define the optimal treatment conditions for single and dual-mode treatments. MCTS growth, viability, and global morphological changes were assessed by live cell video-microscopy. In addition, the induction of caspases activation, the appearance of DNA damages, and cell membrane permeabilization, as well as the early modifications in the cellular ultrastructure, were examined by immunofluorescence, propidium iodide staining, confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Altogether, our results show that a combined treatment resulted in an earlier onset of DNA damage and caspases activation, which completely abolished MCTS growth. This report is a proof of concept study evidencing that electropermeabilization greatly potentiates the cytotoxic effect of plasma-activated PBS in vitro in a three-dimensional cancer cell model.
Published: 2019
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16. Pectin Demethylesterification Generates Platforms that Anchor Peroxidases to Remodel Plant Cell Wall Domains

Author: Philippe Ranocha, Vincent Burlat, Alain Jauneau, Isabelle Fourquaux, Aurélie Le Ru, Christophe Dunand, Yves Martinez, Edith Francoz, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique et Evolution des Parois cellulaires végétales, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Scaffold, food.ingredient, Pectin, Arabidopsis thaliana, plant cell wall domain, Arabidopsis, seed mucilage secretory cells, homogalacturonan methylesterification, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Domain (software engineering), Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, food, Cell Wall, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, class III peroxidase, FRET-FLIM immunofluorescence, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Physiological function, Molecular interactions, protein-polysaccharide interaction, biology, Arabidopsis Proteins, Plant Extracts, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Cell Biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, PRX36, Cell biology, Peroxidases, PMEI6, Mutation, Seeds, Pectins, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, pectin methylesterase inhibitor, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Plant cell walls are made of polysaccharidic-proteinaceous complex matrices. Molecular interactions governing their organization remain understudied. We take advantage of the highly dynamic cell walls of Arabidopsis seed mucilage secretory cells to propose a hierarchical multi-molecular interaction model within a cell wall domain. We show that the PECTINMETHYLESTERASE INHIBITOR6 activity creates a partially demethylesterified pectin pattern acting as a platform allowing positioning of PEROXIDASE36 in a remote primary cell wall domain during early development. This allows triggering the loosening of this domain during later development, in turn leading to proper physiological function upon mature seed imbibition and germination. We anticipate that this pioneer example of molecular scaffold within a cell wall domain is more widespread through other combinations of the individual molecular players all belonging to large multigenic families. These results highlight the role of cell wall polysaccharide-protein interactions in the organization of cell wall domains.
Published: 2019
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17. Toxicity of Food-Grade TiO2 to Commensal Intestinal and Transient Food-Borne Bacteria: New Insights Using Nano-SIMS and Synchrotron UV Fluorescence Imaging

Author: Isabelle Fourquaux, Jacek Bardowski, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Matthieu Réfrégiers, Frédéric Jamme, Eric Houdeau, Jasper B. J. Kamphuis, Muriel Thomas, Philippe Langella, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Esther Lentzen, Christel Cartier, Véronique Robert, Magdalena Kowalczyk, Pauline Talbot, Joanna M. Radziwill-Bienkowska, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Mercier-Bonin, Muriel, Endocrinologie & Toxicologie de la Barrière Intestinale (ToxAlim-ENTeRisk), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Neuro-Gastroentérologie & Nutrition (ToxAlim-NGN), INRA of the 'Nutrition, Chemical Food Safety and Consumer Behaviour' Division (AlimH priority program), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Streptococcus thermophilus, lcsh:QR1-502, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, 010501 environmental sciences, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, bacterial toxicity, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, food-grade TiO2, Escherichia coli, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, cellular and subcellular bioimaging, biology, Chemistry, Lactococcus lactis, technology, industry, and agriculture, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 13. Climate action, food-borne bacteria, intestinal bacteria, Dysbiosis, Bacteria
Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used as a food additive (E171 in the EU) for its whitening and opacifying properties. However, a risk of intestinal barrier disruption, including dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, is increasingly suspected because of the presence of a nano-sized fraction in this additive. We hypothesized that food-grade E171 and Aeroxyde P25 (identical to the NM-105 OECD reference nanomaterial in the European Union Joint Research Centre) interact with both commensal intestinal bacteria and transient food-borne bacteria under non-UV-irradiated conditions. Based on differences in their physicochemical properties, we expect a difference in their respective effects. To test these hypotheses, we chose a panel of eight Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacterial strains, isolated from different biotopes and belonging to the species Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis (subsp. lactis and cremoris), Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus sakei. Bacterial cells were exposed to food-grade E171 vs. P25 in vitro and the interactions were explored with innovative (nano)imaging methods. The ability of bacteria to trap TiO2 was demonstrated using synchrotron UV fluorescence imaging with single cell resolution. Subsequent alterations in the growth profiles were shown, notably for the transient food-borne L. lactis and the commensal intestinal E. coli in contact with food-grade TiO2. However, for both species, the reduction in cell cultivability remained moderate, and the morphological and ultrastructural damages, observed with electron microscopy, were restricted to a small number of cells. E. coli exposed to food-grade TiO2 showed some internalization of TiO2 (7% of cells), observed with high-resolution nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry (Nano-SIMS) chemical imaging. Taken together, these data show that E171 may be trapped by commensal and transient food-borne bacteria within the gut. In return, it may induce some physiological alterations in the most sensitive species, with a putative impact on gut microbiota composition and functioning, especially after chronic exposure.
Published: 2018
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18. Correlative microscopy combining secondary ion mass spectrometry and electron microscopy: Comparison of intensity-hue-saturation and Laplacian pyramid methods for image fusion

Author: Tom Wirtz, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Florian Vollnhals, Varda Lev-Ram, Birgit Schroeppel, Mark H. Ellisman, Udo Kraushaar, Isabelle Fourquaux, Santhana Eswara, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Neuro-Gastroentérologie & Nutrition (ToxAlim-NGN), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Department of pharmacology, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, University of California, and This work was funded by the National Research Fund Luxembourg (FNR) within the framework of the HELION project through grant C14/MS/8345352 and the C4HEALTH project through grant INTER/MERA/14/9822270. We thank Tom Deerinck and Eric Bushong of NCMIR for preparing samples from the isotopic-fed mouse brain samples and carrying out the high-resolution SEM imaging. NCMIR is supported by the US NIH P41GM103412 (to METE). The 15N-labeled mice were produced as part of work on an award from the US NIH to study long-lived molecules and memory mechanisms in the brain, NIH RO1 NS027177I
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Fusion, Image fusion, Chemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Analytical chemistry, Correlative microscopy, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Intensity hue saturation, law.invention, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, law, Laplacian pyramid, Electron microscope, 0210 nano-technology, Biological system
Abstract: International audience; Correlative microscopy combining various imaging modalities offers powerful insights into obtaining a comprehensive understanding of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena. In this article, we investigate two approaches for image fusion in the context of combining the inherently lower-resolution chemical images obtained using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with the high-resolution ultrastructural images obtained using electron microscopy (EM). We evaluate the image fusion methods with three different case studies selected to broadly represent the typical samples in life science research: (i) histology (unlabeled tissue), (ii) nanotoxicology, and (iii) metabolism (isotopically labeled tisue). We show that the intensity-hue-saturation fusion method often applied for EM-sharpening can result in serious image artifacts, especially in cases where different contrast mechanisms interplay. Here, we introduce and demonstrate Laplacian pyramid fusion as a powerful and more robust alternative method for image fusion. Both physical and technical aspects of correlative image overlay and image fusion specific to SIMS-based correlative microscopy are discussed in detail alongside the advantages, limitations, and the potential artifacts. Quantitative metrics to "evaluate the results of image fusion are also discussed.
Published: 2017
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19. Toxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles on a freshwater experimental trophic chain: A study in environmentally relevant conditions through the use of mesocosms

Author: David Baqué, Laurent Verneuil, Eric Pinelli, Florence Mouchet, Stéphanie Cadarsi, Isabelle Fourquaux, Agathe Bour, Marie Tella, Hugues Clivot, Mélanie Auffan, Eric Chauvet, Laury Gauthier, Jean-Marc Bonzom, Christophe Pagnout, Jérôme Silvestre, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix en Provence, France, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix-Marseille Université - AMU (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire - IRSN (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UPS (FRANCE), International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology - iCEINT (FRANCE), Université de Lorraine (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides - LECO (Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux - LIEC (Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France), Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie - CMEAB (Toulouse, france), Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de l'Environnement - CEREGE (Aix en Provence, France), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO), Service de Recherche et d'Expertise sur les Risques environnementaux (IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pleurodeles, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Biomedical Engineering, Microorganisms, Toxicology, Ecotoxicologie, Chironomidae, Mesocosm, Ecotoxicology, Ecotoxicity, Toxicologie, Trophic level, Chironomus riparius, biology, Consumer, ved/biology, Litter decomposition, Amphibian, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Toxicity, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology
Abstract: International audience; The toxicity of CeO2 NPs on an experimental freshwater ecosystem was studied in mesocosm, with a focus being placed on the higher trophic level, i.e. the carnivorous amphibian species Pleurodeles waltl. The system comprised species at three trophic levels: (i) bacteria, fungi and diatoms, (ii) Chironomus riparius larvae as primary consumers and (iii) Pleurodeles larvae as secondary consumers. NP contamination consisted of repeated additions of CeO2 NPs over 4 weeks, to obtain a final concentration of 1 mg/L. NPs were found to settle and accumulate in the sediment. No effects were observed on litter decomposition or associated fungal biomass. Changes in bacterial communities were observed from the third week of NP contamination. Morphological changes in CeO2 NPs were observed at the end of the experiment. No toxicity was recorded in chironomids, despite substantial NP accumulation (265.8±14.1mg Ce/kg). Mortality (35.3±6.8%) and a mean Ce concentration of 13.5±3.9mg/kg were reported for Pleurodeles. Parallel experiments were performed on Pleurodeles to determine toxicity pathways: no toxicity was observed by direct or dietary exposures, although Ce concentrations almost reached 100 mg/kg. In view of these results, various toxicity mechanisms are proposed and discussed. The toxicity observed on Pleurodeles in mesocosm may be indirect, due to microorganism’s interaction with CeO2 NPs, or NP dissolution could have occurred in mesocosm due to the structural complexity of the biological environment, resulting in toxicity to Pleurodeles. This study strongly supports the importance of ecotoxicological assessment of NPs under environmentally relevant conditions, using complex biological systems.
Published: 2016
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20. Ecotoxicology of Carbon Nanotubes Toward Amphibian Larvae

Author: Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, and Laury Gauthier
Published: 2016
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21. Toxicity of CeO₂ nanoparticles on a freshwater experimental trophic chain: A study in environmentally relevant conditions through the use of mesocosms

Author: Agathe, Bour, Florence, Mouchet, Stéphanie, Cadarsi, Jérôme, Silvestre, Laurent, Verneuil, David, Baqué, Eric, Chauvet, Jean-Marc, Bonzom, Christophe, Pagnout, Hugues, Clivot, Isabelle, Fourquaux, Marie, Tella, Mélanie, Auffan, Laury, Gauthier, and Eric, Pinelli
Subjects: Diatoms, Food Chain, Bacteria, Pleurodeles, Larva, Fungi, Animals, Nanoparticles, Fresh Water, Biomass, Cerium, Ecotoxicology, Chironomidae
Abstract: The toxicity of CeO2 NPs on an experimental freshwater ecosystem was studied in mesocosm, with a focus being placed on the higher trophic level, i.e. the carnivorous amphibian species Pleurodeles waltl. The system comprised species at three trophic levels: (i) bacteria, fungi and diatoms, (ii) Chironomus riparius larvae as primary consumers and (iii) Pleurodeles larvae as secondary consumers. NP contamination consisted of repeated additions of CeO2 NPs over 4 weeks, to obtain a final concentration of 1 mg/L. NPs were found to settle and accumulate in the sediment. No effects were observed on litter decomposition or associated fungal biomass. Changes in bacterial communities were observed from the third week of NP contamination. Morphological changes in CeO2 NPs were observed at the end of the experiment. No toxicity was recorded in chironomids, despite substantial NP accumulation (265.8 ± 14.1 mg Ce/kg). Mortality (35.3 ± 6.8%) and a mean Ce concentration of 13.5 ± 3.9 mg/kg were reported for Pleurodeles. Parallel experiments were performed on Pleurodeles to determine toxicity pathways: no toxicity was observed by direct or dietary exposures, although Ce concentrations almost reached 100 mg/kg. In view of these results, various toxicity mechanisms are proposed and discussed. The toxicity observed on Pleurodeles in mesocosm may be indirect, due to microorganism's interaction with CeO2 NPs, or NP dissolution could have occurred in mesocosm due to the structural complexity of the biological environment, resulting in toxicity to Pleurodeles. This study strongly supports the importance of ecotoxicological assessment of NPs under environmentally relevant conditions, using complex biological systems.
Published: 2015

22. Spatial localization and binding of the probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis to the rat intestinal mucosa: influence of chronic stress

Author: Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Vassilia Theodorou, Christel Salvador-Cartier, Afifa Ait-Belgnaoui, Pascal Loubière, Catherine Robbe-Masselot, Bélinda Ringot, Isabelle Fourquaux, Myriam Mercade-Loubière, Stéphanie Da Silva, Arthur Raymond, Renaud Léonard, Da Silva, Stéphanie, Robbe Masselot, Catherine, Théodorou, Vassilia, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE), Endocrinologie & Toxicologie de la Barrière Intestinale (ToxAlim-ENTeRisk), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université des Sciences et Technologies (Lille 1) (USTL), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lallemand S.A.S., Neuro-Gastroentérologie & Nutrition (ToxAlim-NGN), INRA (CEPIA Division), CNRS (INSIS Institute), Lallemand SA, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CNRS, Université de Lille, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés [LISBP], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF], ToxAlim [ToxAlim], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 [UGSF], and Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie [CMEAB]
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Mucin 2, localization, law.invention, Probiotic, Intestinal mucosa, law, Lactobacillus, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Chronic stress, rat, Intestinal Mucosa, lcsh:Science, muqueuse intestinale, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, probiotique, medicine.anatomical_structure, probiotic, Research Article, Protein Binding, Colon, Population, lactobacillus farciminis, Ileum, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, mucus, IBS, medicine, Gastroenterologi, Animals, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Rats, Wistar, education, 030304 developmental biology, Mucin-2, 030306 microbiology, animal model, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Epithelium, Rats, stress chronique, lcsh:Q, Stress, Psychological
Abstract: International audience; The present study aimed at detecting the exogenously applied probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis in rats, after exposure to IBS-like chronic stress, based on 4-day Water Avoidance Stress (WAS). The presence of L. farciminis in both ileal and colonic mucosal tissues was demonstrated by FISH and qPCR, with ileum as the preferential niche, as for the SFB population. A different spatial distribution of the probiotic was observed: in the ileum, bacteria were organized in micro-colonies more or less close to the epithelium whereas, in the colon, they were mainly visualized far away from the epithelium. When rats were submitted to WAS, the L. farciminis population substantially decreased in both intestinal regions, due to a stress-induced increase in colonic motility and defecation, rather than a modification of bacterial binding to the intestinal mucin Muc2.
Published: 2015
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23. Escherichia coli under Ionic Silver Stress: An Integrative Approach to Explore Transcriptional, Physiological and Biochemical Responses

Author: Frédéric Jamme, Isabelle Fourquaux, Claire Saulou-Bérion, Laurence Girbal, Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Ignacio González, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Brice Enjalbert, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Synchrotron SOLEIL, ANR-07-BLAN-0196,BIOPLEASURE,Plasma - surface engineering for biofilm prevention(2007), Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Girbal, Laurence
Subjects: Silver, Transcription, Genetic, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], lcsh:Medicine, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Cell membrane, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ribosomal protein, Stress, Physiological, E. Coli, Gene expression, medicine, Extracellular, lcsh:Science, Escherichia coli, 030304 developmental biology, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Escherichia coli K12, Ag nanoparticles, 030306 microbiology, Escherichia coli Proteins, lcsh:R, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Silver nitrate, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Biochemistry, Silver Nitrate, lcsh:Q, escherichia coli, Intracellular, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Research Article
Abstract: International audience; For a better understanding of the systemic effect of sub-lethal micromolar concentrations of ionic silver on Escherichia coli, we performed a multi-level characterization of cells under Ag +-mediated stress using an integrative biology approach combining physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic data. Physiological parameters, namely bacterial growth and survival after Ag + exposure, were first quantified and related to the accumulation of intracel-lular silver, probed for the first time by nano secondary ion mass spectroscopy at sub-micrometer lateral resolution. Modifications in E. coli biochemical composition were evaluated under Ag +-mediated stress by in situ synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared micro-spectroscopy and a comprehensive transcriptome response was also determined. Using multivariate statistics, correlations between the physiological parameters, the extracellular concentration of AgNO 3 and the intracellular silver content, gene expression profiles and micro-spectroscopic data were investigated. We identified Ag +-dependent regulation of gene expression required for growth (e.g. transporter genes, transcriptional regulators, ribo-somal proteins), for ionic silver transport and detoxification (e.g. copA, cueO, mgtA, nhaR) and for coping with various types of stress (dnaK, pspA, metA,R, oxidoreductase genes). The silver-induced shortening of the acyl chain of fatty acids, mostly encountered in cell membrane, was highlighted by microspectroscopy and correlated with the down-regulated expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport (fadL) and synthesis/modification of lipid A (lpxA and arnA). The increase in the disordered secondary structure of proteins in the presence of Ag + was assessed through the conformational shift shown for amides I and II, and further correlated with the up-regulated expression of peptidase (hfq) and chaperone (dnaJ), and regulation of transpeptidase expression (ycfS and ycbB). Interestingly, as these transpeptidases act on the structural integrity of the cell wall, regulation of their expression may explain the morphological damage reported under Ag+-mediated stress. This result clearly demonstrates that the cell membrane is a key target of ionic silver.
Published: 2015
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24. HIV-1 reprograms the migration of macrophages

Author: Oliver T. Fackler, Serge Benichou, Christel Vérollet, Paul Jolicoeur, Isabelle Fourquaux, Cassandre Kinnaer, Renaud Poincloux, Emilie M. Bonnaud, Andrea Imle, Brigitte Raynaud-Messina, Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini, and Shanti Souriant
Subjects: Genetically modified mouse, Podosome, Immunology, Cell, Motility, HIV Infections, Mice, Transgenic, Biochemistry, Cell Membrane Structures, Mice, Cell Movement, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Macrophage, Animals, Humans, nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Cells, Cultured, Kinase, business.industry, Macrophages, Mesenchymal stem cell, Cell Biology, Hematology, Cellular Reprogramming, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Host-Pathogen Interactions, HIV-1, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-hck, Signal transduction, business, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein
Abstract: Macrophages are motile leukocytes, targeted by HIV-1, thought to play a critical role in host dissemination of the virus. However, whether infection impacts their migration capacity remains unknown. We show that 2-dimensional migration and the 3-dimensional (3D) amoeboid migration mode of HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages were inhibited, whereas the 3D mesenchymal migration was enhanced. The viral protein Nef was necessary and sufficient for all HIV-1-mediated effects on migration. In Nef transgenic mice, tissue infiltration of macrophages was increased in a tumor model and in several tissues at steady state, suggesting a dominant role for mesenchymal migration in vivo. The mesenchymal motility involves matrix proteolysis and podosomes, cell structures constitutive of monocyte-derived cells. Focusing on the mechanisms used by HIV-1 Nef to control the mesenchymal migration, we show that the stability, size, and proteolytic function of podosomes are increased via the phagocyte-specific kinase Hck and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), 2 major regulators of podosomes. In conclusion, HIV-1 reprograms macrophage migration, which likely explains macrophage accumulation in several patient tissues, which is a key step for virus spreading and pathogenesis. Moreover, Nef points out podosomes and the Hck/WASP signaling pathway as good candidates to control tissue infiltration of macrophages, a detrimental phenomenon in several diseases.
Published: 2014

25. Protrusion force microscopy reveals oscillatory force generation and mechanosensing activity of human macrophage podosomes

Author: Patrick Delobelle, Christophe Thibault, Anaïs Bouissou, Stéphanie Balor, Anna Labernadie, Guillaume M. Charrière, Raphaël Voituriez, Isabelle Fourquaux, Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini, Amsha Proag, Christophe Vieu, Renaud Poincloux, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe NanoBioSystèmes (LAAS-NBS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'exploration fonctionnelle des génomes (IEFG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée (LPTMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Force generation, Materials science, Podosome, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], General Physics and Astronomy, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Molecular dynamics, Biological Clocks, Microscopy, medicine, Humans, Mechanotransduction, Cells, Cultured, Actin, Multidisciplinary, Macrophages, Stiffness, General Chemistry, Actins, Cell biology, Formvar, Podosomes, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Biophysics, Cell Surface Extensions, medicine.symptom
Abstract: International audience; Podosomes are adhesion structures formed in monocyte-derived cells. They are F-actin-rich columns perpendicular to the substrate surrounded by a ring of integrins. Here, to measure podosome protrusive forces, we designed an innovative experimental setup named protrusion force microscopy (PFM), which consists in measuring by atomic force microscopy the deformation induced by living cells onto a compliant Formvar sheet. By quantifying the heights of protrusions made by podosomes onto Formvar sheets, we estimate that a single podosome generates a protrusion force that increases with the stiffness of the substratum, which is a hallmark of mechanosensing activity. We show that the protrusive force generated at podosomes oscillates with a constant period and requires combined actomyosin contraction and actin polymerization. Finally, we elaborate a model to explain the mechanical and oscillatory activities of podosomes. Thus, PFM shows that podosomes are mechanosensing cell structures exerting a protrusive force.
Published: 2014
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26. Biocompatible polymer-assisted dispersion of multi walled carbon nanotubes in water, application to the investigation of their ecotoxicity using Xenopus laevis amphibian larvae

Author: Annie Perrault, Emmanuel Flahaut, Lucien Datas, Eric Pinelli, Floriane Bourdiol, Jean-Charles Boutonnet, Laury Gauthier, Christian Gancet, Florence Mouchet, Isabelle Fourquaux, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Materials science, Sonication, Matériaux, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Nanotechnology, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Carbon nanotube, medicine.disease_cause, law.invention, Xenopus laevis, Adsorption, Water column, law, medicine, General Materials Science, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Ecotoxicity, chemistry.chemical_classification, MWCNT, General Chemistry, Polymer, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Surface modification, Genotoxicity
Abstract: International audience; Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tend to readily agglomerate and settle down in water, while the adsorption of compounds present in natural aquatic media could enhance their dispersion and stabilization in the water column. We designed a new exposure protocol to compare the biological responses of Xenopus laevis larvae exposed in semi-static conditions to size-reduced agglomerates of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in suspension in the water column and/or to larger agglomerates. Suspensions were prepared using a combination of a non-covalent functionalization with a non-toxic polymer (either carboxymethylcellulose, CMC, or gum arabic, GA) and mechanical dispersion methods (mainly ultrasonication). The ingestion of agglomerates which have settled down was incriminated in the disruption of the intestinal transit and the assimilation of nutrients, leading to acute and chronic toxicities at the highest tested concentrations. Rise in mortality, decrease in the growth rate and induction of genotoxicity from low concentrations (1 mg/L in the presence of CMC) were evidenced in presence of suspended MWCNTs in the water column. The biological responses seemed to be modulated when GA, a potential antioxidant, was used. We hypothesized that MWCNTs should interfere mainly at the surface of the gills, acting as a potential respiratory toxicant and generally inducing indirect effects.
Published: 2013
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27. Membrane vesicles, nanopods and/or nanotubes produced by hyperthermophilic archaea of the genus Thermococcus

Author: Emilie Gauliard, Evelyne Marguet, Stephane le Blond du Plouy, Ikuo Matsui, Isabelle Fourquaux, Patrick Forterre, Marie Gaudin, Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] (IGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles (BMGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Archaeal Proteins, Biochemistry, Cell membrane, 03 medical and health sciences, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, medicine, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Nanotubes, biology, 030306 microbiology, Cell Membrane, Thermococcus gammatolerans, biology.organism_classification, Culture Media, Thermococcus, medicine.anatomical_structure, DNA, Archaeal, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Membrane protein, Biophysics, Cell envelope, Stomatin, Bacteria, Archaea
Abstract: International audience; Thermococcus species produce MVs (membrane vesicles) into their culture medium. These MVs are formed by a budding process from the cell envelope, similar to ectosome formation in eukaryotic cells. The major protein present in MVs of Thermococci is a peptide-binding receptor of the OppA (oligopeptide-binding protein A) family. In addition, some of them contain a homologue of stomatin, a universal membrane protein involved in vesiculation. MVs produced by Thermococcus species can recruit endogenous or exogenous plasmids and plasmid transfer through MVs has been demonstrated in Thermococcus kodakaraensis. MVs are frequently secreted in clusters surrounded by S-layer, producing either big protuberances (nanosphere) or tubular structures (nanotubes). Thermococcus gammatolerans and T. kodakaraensis produce nanotubes containing strings of MVs, resembling the recently described nanopods in bacteria, whereas Thermococcus sp. 5-4 produces filaments whose internal membrane is continuous. These nanotubes can bridge neighbouring cells, forming cellular networks somehow resembling nanotubes recently observed in Firmicutes. As suggested for bacteria, archaeal nanopods and/or nanotubes could be used to expand the metabolic sphere around cells and/or to promote intercellular communication.
Published: 2013
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28. Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy of Escherichia coli at single-cell scale under silver-induced stress conditions

Author: Claire Saulou, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Isabelle Fourquaux, Paul Dumas, Claude Maranges, Frédéric Jamme, Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet, Laurence Girbal, Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The authors gratefully acknowledge the 'BioPleasure' project of the Research National Agency (ANR-07-BLAN-0196-01) for funding., The research described in this paper was performed at the French national synchrotron facility SOLEIL (Gif-sur- Yvette, France), using the SMIS beamline (proposal no 20090556)., ANR-07-BLAN-0196,BIOPLEASURE,Plasma - surface engineering for biofilm prevention(2007), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
Subjects: In situ, Analytical chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Stress, Physiological, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, medicine, Escherichia coli, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Protein secondary structure, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ionic silver, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, Synchrotron FTIR-ATR microspectroscopy, Single-cell scale, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Antibacterial effect, Transmission electron microscopy, Attenuated total reflection, Ultrastructure, Biophysics, Silver Nitrate, Single-Cell Analysis, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Synchrotrons, Bacteria
Abstract: International audience; The present work was focused on elucidating biochemical changes in the model bacterium Escherichia coli exposed to ionic silver mediated stress, at a single-cell scale. In order to achieve this, in situ synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (sFTIR) microspectroscopy was performed, for the first time, on individual cells by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) combined with the use of zinc-selenide hemisphere for high spatial resolution. In a first part, the potential of the method was evaluated on bacteria subjected to a lethal 100 μM AgNO3 concentration for 2 h compared to untreated 100 % viable cells. Differences in cell composition were assessed for the C–H stretching and protein spectral regions, indicating that the inhibitory action was targeted against both fatty acids and proteins. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed morphological damages of the cell ultrastructure. The relevance of ATR-sFTIR microspectroscopy for highlighting the heterogeneity in Ag+-mediated effects within a given bacterial population was also pointed out. In a second part, cells were exposed to sub-lethal Ag+ concentrations (
Published: 2013
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29. Scanning electron microscopy of Haemonchus contortus exposed to tannin-rich plants under in vivo and in vitro conditions

Author: C. Martínez-Ortíz-de-Montellano, Isabelle Fourquaux, Carlos A. Sandoval-Castro, C. Arroyo-López, Hervé Hoste, Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Autonomous University of Campeche, Partenaires INRAE, CONACYT, Mexico, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Marie Curie Program 'Healthy Hay' project, and ECOS-Nord/CONACYT [M03-A03]
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Abomasum, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Onobrychis viciifolia, 0302 clinical medicine, Haemonchus contortus, ACACIA-CYANOPHYLLA, SAINFOIN HAY, GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE EGGS, SERICEA-LESPEDEZA HAY, 0303 health sciences, Gastrointestinal tract, Structural changes, LYSILOMA-LATISILIQUUM, Goats, Fabaceae, General Medicine, NATURAL DEWORMER, Infectious Diseases, CONDENSED TANNINS, Female, Haemonchus, Scanning electron microscopy, Cuticle, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Fodder, In vivo, Botany, parasitic diseases, Animals, Goat Diseases, Plant Extracts, fungi, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, Lysiloma latisiliquum, In vitro, ONOBRYCHIS-VICIIFOLIA EXTRACT, Dietary Supplements, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Parasitology, Haemonchiasis, COOPERIA-CURTICEI, Tannins, PARASITIC NEMATODES
Abstract: International audience; The structural changes induced in adult Haemonchus contortus after in vitro and in vivo contact with a tannin-rich (TR) plant, either tzalam (Lysiloma latisiliquum) or sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the worms used in the study were adult females. The Haemonchus adult worms were obtained from the abomasum of infected donor goats. Adult H. contortus were kept in contact with the extracts of TR plants for 24 h for the in vitro assays and were compared to worms maintained in PBS (control). For the in vivo studies, the adult H. contortus parasites were obtained from artificially infected goats. All the goats were fed a tannin-free diet until D27 post-infection when infection was patent. On D28 some goats were fed fodder of one of the TR plants for seven consecutive days. Thus, their H. contortus were in contact with TR fodder within the gastrointestinal tract. The control worms were obtained from goats fed only a tannin-free diet. In the in vitro assays and in vivo studies, the SEM observations revealed structural alterations in the worms after contact with TR plants when compared to the control worms (i.e.: longitudinal and transversal folds and thicker cuticular ridges, material aggregates around the buccal capsule and/or vulva or anus). The main changes concerned the cuticle and the buccal area. The structural changes found in the worms exposed to TR plants might affect their motility and nutrition with possible consequences on their reproduction, as suggested by previous in vivo trials. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013
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30. Electroresponsive Polymers

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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31. Electrostatic MEMS Microphones

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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32. Electron-Beam-Induced Decomposition and Growth

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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33. Electron-Beam-Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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34. Electrowetting

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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35. Ecotoxicity of Inorganic Nanoparticles: From Unicellular Organisms to Invertebrates

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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36. Electrokinetic Fluid Flow in Nanostructures

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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37. Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL)

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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38. Electrode–Organic Interface Physics

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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39. EC-STM

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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40. Effective Media

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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41. Exposure and Toxicity of Metal and Oxide Nanoparticles to Earthworms

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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42. Electric-Field-Assisted Deterministic Nanowire Assembly

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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43. Electron Transport in Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoribbons

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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44. Electron-Beam-Induced Deposition

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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45. Ecotoxicology of Carbon Nanotubes Toward Amphibian Larvae

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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46. e-Beam Lithography, EBL

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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47. Engineered Nanoparticles

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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48. Environmental Impact

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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49. Elasto-capillary Folding

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
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50. Electronic Contact Testing Cards

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Alain Thiéry, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Wafa Achouak, Antoine Thill, Armand Masion, Mark Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero, Florence Mouchet, Périne Landois, Floriane Bourdiol, Isabelle Fourquaux, Pascal Puech, Emmanuel Flahaut, Laury Gauthier, Malgorzata J. Rybak-Smith, Youngjun Song, Michael J. Heller, David Holmes, Benjamin L. J. Webb, Tao Sun, Theresa S. Mayer, Jeffrey S. Mayer, Christine D. Keating, Amitabha Ghosh, Ilya V. Pobelov, Chen Li, Thomas Wandlowski, Michael G. Helander, Zhibin Wang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Francesca Carpino, Larry R. Gibson, Dane A. Grismer, Paul W. Bohn, Nezih Pala, Mustafa Karabiyik, Alexandra Porter, Eva McGuire, Guoqiang Xie, Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Stephan Roche, Eduardo Cruz-Silva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Vincent Meunier, Michael J. Laudenslager, Wolfgang M. Sigmund, Neal A. Hall, CJ Kim, Guoxing Wang, Robert J. Greenberg, Chimaobi Mbanaso, Gregory Denbeaux, Claire Coutris, and Erik J. Joner
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

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