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Objective: To describe serum levels of calcium, copper, selenium, magnesium, iron and zinc and evaluate their relationship with maternal socio-demographic characteristics and dietary variables in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Method: Cross-sectional study with 1279 participants from the INMA cohorts. Results: The concentrations of the elements analyzed were within the normal range. Associations with higher levels of these metals were found for calcium with white meat intake (p = 0.026), for cop-per with excess body weight (p < 0.01), low social class (p = 0.03) and being multipara (p < 0.01), for magnesium with being over 35 years old (p = 0.001), high social class (p = 0.044), primiparous status (p = 0.002) and low daily intake of bread (p = 0.009) and legumes (p = 0.020); for zinc with university edu-cation (p = 0.039) and residence in Gipuzkoa (p < 0.01), and for selenium with residence in Valencia (p < 0.01), university education (p = 0.001), vitamin B6 supplementation (p = 0.006), fish intake (> 71 g/day) (p = 0.014) and having been born in Spain (p = 0.001). Further, lower iron levels were associated with being overweight (p = 0.021) or obese (p < 0.001) and vitamin B12 supplementation (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Our results suggest that trace elements in the analyzed cohorts are adequate for this stage of pregnancy. The variability in these elements is mainly linked to socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. This study is part of the INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) project. It was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS-FEDER: 06/0867, 09/00090, 13/1944, 16/1288, 19/1338; Miguel Servet-FEDER: CP15/0025; Miguel Servet-FSE: MS15/0025) , by the Council of Gipuzkoa (DFG15/009) and by the Health Department of the Basque Government.

BACKGROUND: Iron plays an essential role in the process of neurotransmitter synthesis and neuron myelination. Iron deficiency impacts low cognitive performance, even involved in long-term effects even though iron deficiency has been overcome. Given the impact caused by iron deficiency, it is necessary to monitor the status of iron in the body. Diagnostic tests carried out so far use blood specimens taken with invasive method. This creates fear for the child because of the pain it causes. AIM: This study aims to obtain a non-invasive alternative diagnostic test in detecting iron deficiency in children using saliva as an examination specimen. METHODS: The design of this study was case control, with a sample of elementary school children aged 9–12 years and for women who had not experienced menstruation. The sample consisted of 40 people who were taken randomly and grouped into iron deficiency and normal. Determine the group of iron deficiency and normal was based on the results of an examination of serum iron levels. Next, saliva samples were taken to determine saliva iron levels. The characteristics of the sample data were obtained through a questionnaire, while the measurement of serum iron levels was carried out by the spectrophotometric method, and the measurement of saliva iron levels was carried out by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s test. RESULTS: Based on serum iron measurements, it was found that the mean serum iron levels in children with iron deficiency were lower than normal children (38.153 ± 8.99 q/dL vs. 79.198 ± 14.2219 q/dL), on the contrary, on examination of iron levels, it was found that in children with iron deficiency, saliva iron levels were higher than in normal children (5.745 ± 3.04 q/dL vs. 2,576 ± 1.43 q/dL). The correlation test results showed a significant negative correlation between serum iron levels and moderate iron levels (p = 0.000, r = –0.518). CONCLUSION: Saliva iron levels can be used as an alternative non-invasive diagnostic test to assess children’s iron status.

This study investigated the role of TMPRSS6 C > T polymorphism (TMPRP) on the effects of chronic aerobic training on main hematological parameters in male soccer referees, which is yet unknown. Two groups composed of total of 45 healthy male soccer referees and 42 sedentary were compared for hemogram, serum hepcidin, ferritin, and iron levels. TMPRP was determined from genomic DNA samples. Participants' physical and physiological (Yoyo endurance level-2 test) measurements were carried out. The athletic T carrier (Tc = TT + TC) group RBC count was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.01), whereas the athletic CC homozygous group serum iron and transferrin saturation (TS) were lower than the control depending on the TMPRP. The ferritin and iron values of the athletic Tc group were higher than of the athletic CC group (29.2% and 14.1%, respectively; p > 0.05) although the control Tc group RBC (p < 0.05) and iron (23.8%, p > 0.05) values were lower than the control CC due to genetic tendency. The training did not change hepcidin levels. These results suggest that the TMPRP can modify the endurance training effects on iron and TS levels and RBC count (in the CC and Tc groups) respectively. The CC group may be adversely affected for iron and TS from endurance trainings. It may be recommended that the training programs should be organized according to phenotype characteristics., Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, This study was supported by the Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with the project number18-SPR-001.

Objectives: Nutritional anemia is highly prevalent in lactating mothers. It is postulated that anemic pregnant women secrete less iron in their breast milk. This study was aimed to compare the iron levels in breast milk samples of anemic and non-anemic lactating pregnant women and to correlate breast milk iron levels with the hemoglobin (Hb) status of anemic and non-anemic mothers. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted on 120 pregnant women aged 20–30 years having a normal antenatal history. They were classified into non-anemic and anemic groups based on their Hb status; Group 1: Hb ≥11 g/dl and Group 2: Hb 7–10.9 g/dl, respectively. Results: Maternal blood Hb was significantly different between the groups (11.8 ± 0.6 vs. 10.2 ± 0.5 g/dL, P > 0.05). Breast milk iron levels did not vary significantly between the groups (938.8 ± 465.6 vs. 1084.8 ± 440.8 μg/dl). No correlation was observed between maternal Hb levels of anemic lactating mothers and breast milk iron status (r = 0.054, P = 0.424). Conclusion: Our research study validates the finding that maternal anemia did not affect breast milk iron concentration during the early post-natal period by showing the optimum iron levels in it. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding is the ideal nutrition for infants.

The aim of this study is to determine some paddy varieties resistant to iron toxicity. Two different nutrient solutions were applied in the form of iron sulphate (FeSO4.7H2O) (Fe concentrations of I) 45 µM Fe (sufficient Fe), II) 3.50 mM Fe (toxic Fe) to paddy cultivars grown in sand media. Among the paddy cultivars grown at toxic iron level (3.50 mM Fe), the closest paddy cultivars in terms of investigated traits were identified as Hamzadere and Edirne cultivars, while the furthest cultivars were identified as Biga incisi and Ronaldo cultivars. Present findings revealed that Biga incisi and Edirne paddy cultivars were tolerant to toxic iron levels and Ronaldo paddy cultivar was the most susceptible to iron toxicity. Biga incisi and Edirne paddy cultivars formed a group and the best traits of these cultivars designating iron toxicity were identified as iron ratio transported to shoot, tolerance index to toxic iron level, shoot total iron content and leaf relative peroxidase activity. According to biplot analysis, Ronaldo paddy cultivar formed a different group and the best traits of this cultivar at toxic iron level were identified as iron ratio remained in roots and root cold extractable Fe/Zn ratio.

The second wave of COVID-19 due to Delta (B.1.617.2) variant led to the rapid rise of total coronavirus and COVID-associated mucormycosis cases reported from India. Hence, the current perspective explores the possible causes of rapid upsurge in COVID-associated mucormycosis cases, which was accounted for over 70% of global cases. The five most probable factors associated with the increase of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients include diabetes mellitus, steroids overdose, high iron levels, immuno-suppression, combined with other possible factors such as unhygienic conditions, prolonged hospitalization, use of ventilators and leaky humidifiers in oxygen cylinders, creates an ideal environment for contracting mucormycosis. However, these cases could be brought down by disseminating simple preventive measures and creating awareness among the medical society and general public on this rare and deadly contagion of COVID-associated mucormycosis. The identification of the early symptoms will help to restrict the spread of lethal fungal diseases. Further, a collaborative team of surgeons, ophthalmologists, physicians, otolaryngologists specialists would be required in the hospital wards to proceed with quick surgeries on severely impacted patients., Graphical Abstract Image, graphical abstract

Longitudinal PD CSF samples were subjected to ICP-MS and the total amount of iron and other bioelements was quantified. Additionally, ferritin and protein biomarkers of neurodegeneration were measured. Over time, mean iron levels significantly increased while levels of ferritin decreased.

The quantity and quality of breast milk produced are affected by the food consumed by mothers daily. Judging from the geographical condition and aquatic resources, people in lowland (coastal) blood will consume more animal foods that come from the sea, such as fish, shellfish, and the like. People in the highlands will be more likely to consume food items derived from small livestock such as poultry and the like. This is thought to have an impact on the levels of Fe in breast milk (ASI), considering that the concentration in breast milk is influenced by the mother's diet. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional comparative design to see the differences in Fe levels in breast milk in breastfeeding mothers who live in the highlands and the lowlands. The sample used is the minimum sample for experimental research and questionnaires, namely 40 respondents for each region. To determine Fe levels, measurements were taken in the LLDIKTI X integrated laboratory using AAS. The FFQ questionnaire was used to determine the nutritional content. Data analysis used the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. The results of this study were that the iron intake in breastfeeding mothers was higher in the lowlands than mothers in the highlands so that there was a regional topographic relationship to iron levels in breastfeeding mothers with a p-value: 0.000.

Iron is a highly important metal ion cofactor within the human body, necessary for haemoglobin synthesis, and required by a wide range of enzymes for essential metabolic processes. Iron deficiency and overload both pose significant health concerns and are relatively common world-wide health hazards. Effective measurement of total iron stores is a primary tool for both identifying abnormal iron levels and tracking changes in clinical settings. Population based data is also essential for tracking nutritional trends. This review article provides an overview of the strengths and limitations associated with current techniques for diagnosing iron status, which sets a basis to discuss the potential of a new serum marker – ferritin-bound iron – and the improvement it could offer to iron assessment.

Iron plays an essential role in all living cells because of its unique chemical properties. It is also the most abundant trace element in mammals. However, when iron is present in excess or inappropriately located, it becomes toxic. Excess iron can become involved in free radical formation, resulting in oxidative stress and cellular damage. Iron chelators are used to treat serious pathological disorders associated with systemic iron overload. Hydroxypyridinones stand out for their outstanding chelation properties, including high selectivity for Fe3+ in the biological environment, ease of derivatization, and good biocompatibility. Herein, we overview the potential for multifunctional hydroxypyridinone-based chelators to be used as therapeutic agents against a wide range of diseases associated either with systemic or local elevated iron levels.

This study aims to determine the iron content of water wells in Dulalowo and Heledulaa, Gorontalo City. Ten well water samples were taken randomly from five different wells in each district. Water samples at each well consist of top, middle, and bottom water. Determination of iron level using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) at a wavelength of 248.33 nm. The results showed that the iron concentration of well water in Dulalowo was 0.030 (D1), 0.265 (D2), 0.224 (D3), 0.158 (D4), 0.149 ppm (D5). Meanwhile, iron levels in Heledulaa were 0.100 (H1), 0.039 (H2), 0.159 (H3), 0.198 (H4), and 0.235 ppm (H5). These results prove that the Fe content in the well water in the two districts is still fulfil the drinking water standard which is a maximum of 0.3 mg/L iron.

Early detection of individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is important to manage iron levels and prevent future organ damage. Although theHFE mutations that cause most cases of HH have been identified, their geographic distribution is highly variable, and their contribution to iron overload is not fully understood. All new registered blood donors at the Sahlgrenska University hospital between 1998 and 2015 were included in the study. Donors with signs of iron overload at baseline and subsequent follow-up testing were recommended genotyping of the HFE gene. Of the 50,493 donors that were included in the study, 950 (1.9%) had signs of iron overload on both test occasions. Of the 840 donors with iron overload that performed HFE genotyping, 117 were homozygous for C282Y, and 97 were compound heterozygotes. The prevalence of C282Y homozygosity was 0.23%. Iron overload screening effectively detects individuals at risk of carrying the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene and enables early treatment to prevent HH complications.

This study was done to determine the level of iron in selected indigenous vegetables (grown in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria) using colorimetric method. The six indigenous and three common ones selected for the study are; Basella alba (Amunututu), Ocimum gratissium (Efirin), Talinum fruticosum (Gbure), Amaranthus hybridus (Tete adayeba), Amaranthus hybridus (Tete olowojeja), Corchorus olitorius (Ewedu), Telfairia occidentalis (Ugwu), Celosia argentea (Soko) and finally Amaranthus hybridus (Tete). The vegetables were ashed and iron content of the vegetables was determined colorimetrically at 470 nm. The results showed that, amongst the indigenous vegetables the iron concentration ranged from 0.094 to 0.66 ppm with Amaranthus hybridus (Tete adayeba) and the Basella alba (Amunututu) recording the highest and lowest levels respectively. The common vegetables had iron levels ranging from 0.0304 to 0.703 ppm with Amaranthus hybridus (Tete) recording the lowest level and Telfairia occidentalis (Ugwu) recording the highest level respectively. The findings showed that the sampled indigenous vegetables are a good source of iron in diet.

Iron (Fe) levels in the dug well water of the community in Puspitaloka Residence Housing exceeded the quality standard so processing is needed to reduce the levels of iron contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences use of peanut's skin and sawdust absorbents to reduce levels of ferrous in dug well water. This study included pre-experimental research using the design of the one group pretest-posttest. The sampling technique was used in a purposive sampling method. Data analysis were Univariate and Bivariate analysis. Statistical tests used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and the Mann Whitney Test. The results showed a decrease in ferrous content using them. The presence of cellulose content in its had the potential to absorb iron. The results of the treatment the highest decrease, using peanut's shells absorbents occurred in the addition of 5 grams with a percentage of 54.41%. While the treatment using sawdust absorbent, occurred at the addition of 10 grams with a percentage of 84.43%. There was a difference the used of peanut's shells and sawdust absorbents to reduce iron levels in the water of the Puspitaloka Residence Housing dug well.

Latar belakang : Prevalensi anemia di Indonesia masih tinggi yaitu pada remaja putri sebesar 26,50%, wanita usia subur sebesar 26,9%, ibu hamil sebesar 40,1% dan balita sebesar 47,0%. Anemia dapat disebabkan karena kekurangan konsumsi makanan sumber zat besi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan perbaikan pangan dan gizi dengan meningkatkan konsumsi pangan yang memiliki kandungan zat besi. Produk nugget hati ayam kombinasi tempe dapat menjadi produk pangan olahan yang dapat dikonsumsi untuk meningkatkan asupan zat besi sebagai upaya pencegahan anemia. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya terima dan kadar zat besi nugget hati ayam kombinasi tempe. Metode : Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali pengulangan perlakuan, dua kali pengulangan analisis serta lima taraf perlakuan diantaranya perbandingan antara hati ayam dan tempe 10% : 90% (F1), 30% : 70% (F2), 50% : 50% (F3), 30% : 70% (F4) dan 90% : 10% (F5). Analisis data diuji menggunakan Kruskall Wallis dilanjutkan dengan Mann Whitney serta One Way Anova. Kadar zat besi dianalisis menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Daya terima produk dilakukan menggunakan uji hedonik. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan daya terima nugget dari berbagai rasio hati ayam dan tempe pada parameter warna (p = 0.000), aroma (p = 0.017), tekstur (p = 0.049) dan rasa (p = 0.000). Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar zat besi nugget dari berbagai rasio hati ayam dan tempe (p = 0.877). Simpulan : Terdapat perbedaan daya terima nugget dari berbagai rasio hati ayam dan tempe dan tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar zat besi nugget dari berbagai rasio hati ayam dan tempe. Berdasarkan hasil uji daya terima, diperoleh formula yang paling disukai diantaranya F3, F2 dan F4.

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) occurs when an individual has insufficient iron levels, which could be a consequence of malnutrition. This research aimed to study the level of awareness of IDA among the adult population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to explore the relationship between the level of awareness and different socio-demographic factors. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 adults living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during March to August 2020. Data were collected using an online self-administered pretested questionnaire via Google Forms. The generated link was randomly shared on social media. Results: It was revealed that 27.6% of the participants had good knowledge about IDA as evident by 75% or more correct answers of the questions. About half (51.3%) of the participants had heard of IDA, 64% correctly knew the causes, 31.3% correctly knew the clinical features, 56.9% believed that IDA could be prevented, while 46% believed that IDA could be treated, and 66.9% correctly knew the treatment options for IDA. An association was also found between the awareness of IDA and age, gender, marital status, educational level, nationality, and occupation. Conclusion: One-third of the participants had good awareness about IDA. Good awareness was associated with males, married, bachelor’s degree holders, Saudi nationals, and employed individuals.

International audience; Background and objectives: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is an essential regulator of vascular biology. In addition to the well-established role in angiogenesis, circulating VEGF levels were found elevated in severely anemic patients, pointing out that anemia might affect the progression of angiogenesis in malignant and benign diseases through the alteration of VEGF levels. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGFA and other loci were shown to explain more than 50% of its circulating levels. This study investigated the association of those ten VEGF-related SNPs with serum iron levels in a general Lebanese population free of chronic diseases (N = 460).Result: We found that the rs10738760 and the body mass index (BMI) were associated with decreased Iron levels (p = 0.002, and p < 0.001, respectively). When taken together, both variables, rs10738760 and BMI, interacted to reduce iron levels (p < 0.001). According to obesity status, the stratification revealed that the effect of rs10738760 was more pronounced in obese than non-obese individuals (p = 0.025). Conclusion: The intergenic SNP rs10738760 is associated with circulating iron levels, and this association depends on BMI status. Although of interest, these results need replication in larger populations from different ancestries.

The relation between Entamoeba histolytica and anemia has lately had much attention. The aim of this study was to determine the possible correlation between anemia and parasitic intestinal infection with E.histolytica in children from Baghdad-Iraq. This study was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 in different hospitals, primary health care centers, and primary schools. Eighty-one children participated in this study and their ages were between 1 and 12 years. The participants were divided into two groups based on their general microscopic stool examination. The first group was diagnosed as E.histolytica infected group (n=47), while no pathogens were detected in the stool samples of the second group which was considered as a healthy control (n=34). Blood samples were taken from all subjects and tested for haemoglobin level, serum ferritin, serum iron, total binding iron capacity (TBIC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Nutritional status was also evaluated for all children aged ≥5 years old. Results showed that the prevalence of anemia was higher in children infected with E.histolytica compared with the control subjects. Anemia was largely reported among children aged 1-3 years for both E.histolytica infected children and control subjects. The results also illustrated that both haemoglobin and iron levels were significantly (p˂0.05) lower in E.histolytica infected children compared with control subjects, while non-significant differences (p˃0.05) were observed in the level of ferritin between E.histolytica infected children and control subjects, although the ferritin was lower in E.hisolytica infected group. The results showed that both gender and age are significantly related to low serum iron levels in both infected and control groups. Significant relationshipswere also noticed between each of the anemia types and the nutritional status with the E.histolytca infection. Microcytic anemia as well as high records of severe malnutrition were observed in the majority of E. histolytica infected children These findings indicate that anemia is more expected to be present in children infected with E.histolytica. Therefore, efforts should be focused on health education of populations at high risk of both anemia and E.histolytica.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare progressive and lethal disease affecting pulmonary arteries and heart function. The disease may compromise the nutritional status of the patient, which impairs their physical performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients. Methods: Eighty-one blood samples from a prospective observational cohort study were analyzed for concentrations of micronutrients and inflammation-related factors. The samples consisted of newly diagnosed (treatment-naive) PAH and CTEPH patients and patients treated for 1.5 years according to ERS/ESC guidelines. Results: In the newly diagnosed group, 42% of PAH patients and 21% of CTEPH patients were iron deficient compared to 29% of PAH patients and 20% of CTEPH patients in the treatment group. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 42% of the newly diagnosed PAH patients, 71% of the newly diagnosed CTEPH patients, 68% of the treated PAH patients, and 70% of the treated CTEPH patients. Iron levels correlated with the 6 min walking distance (6MWD). Conclusions: Iron and vitamin D deficiencies are highly prevalent in PAH and CTEPH patients, underlining the need for monitoring their status. Studies evaluating the effects of supplementation strategies for iron and vitamin D are necessary.

Background The potential for iron deficiency is a known blood donor health concern and suggests the need to inform donors about the potential risks of low iron levels as well as strategies to address these risks. Study design and methods Frequent (n = 904) and young (n = 629) donors were randomly assigned within risk group to either a control (n = 548) or an intervention (n = 985) group. The control group answered questions at baseline and 6-month follow-up regarding their awareness of the risk of donation-related iron depletion and whether they were taking actions to address their iron status. The intervention group answered the same questions at baseline and follow-up, but after completing the baseline survey, they received information regarding their risk of iron depletion and behaviors they could adopt to mitigate this risk. Intervention group participants were also offered the opportunity to develop an action plan to help them supplement their iron intake. Results The intervention enhanced overall awareness of donation-related iron loss (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.171-1.864, p = .001), with no negative impact on retention. Reported iron health behaviors (iron supplementation, speaking with a doctor) showed significant increases when action planning was paired with the educational information. Conclusion These findings suggest that it is possible to increase awareness of donation-related risk for iron depletion without negatively influencing retention, and combining education with encouragement to develop an action plan may increase the likelihood of both retention and behavioral changes to promote healthy iron levels.

Background Hereditary hemochromatosis typically presents in adulthood with organ damage secondary to iron overload. In women, menstrual periods are a protective mechanism allowing for monthly loss of iron stores. Case We report the case of a female adolescent whose family history, clinical presentation, and laboratory investigation revealed a diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis and von Willebrand disease. For control of heavy menstrual bleeding, menstrual suppression was started with a subsequent increase of her ferritin levels. Summary and Conclusion No significant data exist regarding the management of women with hereditary hemochromatosis who require menstrual suppression. This case highlights the difficulty in balancing the need for hormonal menstrual suppression with its effect on treatment choices, monitoring, and managing iron levels.

This study aimed to check the association of essential and toxic elements in amniotic fluid (AF) with chromosomal abnormalities. A total of 156 pregnant Polish white Caucasian women between the age of 20 and 43 years participated in the study. AF samples were collected during routine diagnostic and treatment procedures in pregnant women. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the levels of various elements in AF. Genomic hybridization and cytogenic karyotype analysis were used. The results of the karyotype analysis indicated chromosomal abnormalities in 19 fetuses (over 12% of the total population) and it was mainly trisomy 21 (N=11), trisomy 18 (N=2), triploidy (N=2) and other chromosomal aberrations. It was found that a low concentration of manganese in AF was associated with chromosomal abnormalities in the foetus. High levels of iron and advanced age of the mother increased the risk of aneuploidy in the fetus. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Spearman correlation showed a strong correlation between essential and toxic elements in AF, especially in groups with chromosomal abnormalities. The results of this exploratory study indicate that the levels of essential and toxic elements in AF are associated with chromosomal abnormalities in the human fetus.

La donación de sangre es un procedimiento muy común en medicina, por eso tiene relevancia el estudio de las complicaciones frecuentes en los donantes y en especial las asociadas con la ferropenia. El procedimiento reporta beneficios tanto por la utilidad futura del producto como por los efectos favorables para la salud del donante; sin embargo, se han descrito complicaciones recurrentes derivadas tanto de la extracción de sangre total como de sus componentes por separado. En este artículo de revisión se encuentra la información relacionada con los factores de riesgo asociados con esta práctica y las principales complicaciones que pueden aparecer como es la depleción de hierro, con el fin de ilustrar al lector sobre los factores predisponentes en donantes iniciales y habituales. Se concluye que las reacciones más frecuentes son las vasovagales y algunas otras que pueden conllevar a síntomas indeseados, pero es la disminución de los niveles de hierro una de las complicaciones más alarmantes. Hay evidencia de factores como sexo, edad, nivel socioeconómico, dieta y tipo de sangre que favorecen la probabilidad de desarrollar complicaciones por deficiencia de hierro en los donantes.

Objectives Magnetic resonance (MR) R2 relaxometry is a safe, noninvasive diagnostic modality for the evaluation of iron levels in the contents of ovarian cysts. The study aims to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the two methods, R2 value and iron level, in diagnosing OMA patients in the validation set. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2013 to 2019. We investigated how R2 value was affected by iron-related compounds, antioxidants and bioelements in the cysts. Results The sensitivity and specificity of CF iron-based diagnosis of OMA was 96.6% and 95.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for R2 value in diagnosing OMA were 86.2% and 70.7%, respectively. The outcomes of the two tests were highly correlated (r = 0.758; P

Iron plays an important role in mammalian physiological processes. It is a critical component for the function of many proteins, including enzymes that require heme and iron-sulfur clusters. However, excess iron is also detrimental because of its ability to catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species. As a result, cellular and systemic iron levels are tightly regulated to prevent oxidative damage. Iron deficiency can lead to a number of pathological conditions, the most prominent being anemia. Iron deficiency should be corrected to improve adult patients' symptoms and to facilitate normal growth during fetal development and childhood. However, inappropriate use of intravenous iron in chronic conditions, such as cancer and heart failure, in the absence of clear iron deficiency can lead to unwanted side effects. Thus, this form of therapy should be reserved for certain patients who cannot tolerate oral iron and need rapid iron replenishment. Here, we will review cellular and systemic iron homeostasis and will discuss complications of iron deficiency.

The investigation was carried out to study in rabi 2019 to study the effect of Phosphorus and Iron on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The experiment consists of nine treatments replicated thrice laid out in Randomized Block Design. The treatment consisted of micronutrients viz. Phosphorus at 20 kg/ha, 40 kg/ha and 60 kg/ha and Iron 2 kg/ha, 4 kg/ha and 6 kg/ha whose effect is observed on Chickpea. Among the treatments it was observed that the treatment with application of 60 kg/ha Phosphorus + 6 kg/ha Iron was found to be the best treatment for obtaining growth and economics. Growth parameters such as plant height (70.71 cm), plant dry matter (24.49 g/plant) found to be maximum in treatment combination 60 kg/ha Phosphorus + 6 kg/ha Iron, crop growth rate (13.53 g/m2/day) and relative growth rate (0.021 g/g/day) found to be maximum in treatment combination 40 kg/ha Phosphorus + 2 kg/ha Iron. Economics viz., gross return (INR 128836.20/ha), net return (INR 82071.20), B:C ratio (1.75), was also recorded higher with the application of 60 kg/ha Phosphorus + 6 kg/ha Iron. Therefore, application of 60 kg/ha Phosphorus + 6 kg/ha Iron was more productive and economically feasible.

Although simultaneous supplementation with iron and folic acid is justified, the potential interactions between these micronutrients are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of oral iron and folic acid, administered together or separately, on iron concentration in tissues in rats with a deficiency of both these micronutrients. In the first stage of the experiment (28 days), 150 8-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group (C; n = 30) fed the standard diet and to a study group (n = 120) fed a diet deficit in iron and folate. The study group was then randomly divided to four groups: D group fed a deficit diet, FE group fed a deficit diet with iron gluconate, the FOL group fed a deficit diet with folate acid, and the FEFOL group fed a deficit diet with iron gluconate and folate acid. After 2, 10, and 21 days of supplementation, ten animals from each group were killed. Morphological parameters were measured in whole blood. Iron concentration was assayed in serum, liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, and kidneys. Folic acid supplementation more significantly decreased iron concentrations in the pancreas and spleen than in the D group after 10 and 21 days of supplementation. Moreover, the combination of iron with folic acid markedly decreased iron levels in the liver and spleen, in comparison with iron alone, after 10 and 21 days of the experiment. In conclusion, folic acid affects iron status in female rats deficient in these micronutrients in moderate and long-term supplementation.

BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized in part by the progressive accumulation of iron within the substantia nigra (SN); however, its spatial and temporal dynamics remain relatively poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate spatial patterns and temporal evolution of SN iron accumulation in PD. METHODS A total of 18 PD patients (mean disease duration = 6.2 years) receiving dopaminergic therapy and 16 healthy controls were scanned with 3T MRI at baseline and 3 years later using quantitative susceptibility mapping, an indirect marker of iron content. Iron was assessed separately in the posterior SN and anterior SN at the ventral and dorsal levels of the SN. The results were corrected for the false discovery rate. RESULTS A significant group effect was found for the ventral posterior SN (P

Iron is an essential element for human body, involved in important biochemical processes in the body, especially in biological oxidation. Misregulation of iron levels in the cell is concerned with serious diseases. Here, a novel two photon and turn on NIR-fluorescent probe based ICT for detection of Fe2+ is first reported. The probe exhibited brilliant selectivity and excellent sensitivity (DL = 4.5 μM), rapid response (15 min) and “naked-eye colorimetric sensor” for monitoring of Fe2+. More importantly, the probe was successfully applied to real-time monitor Fe2+ in living cell through two-photon microscopy fluorescence imaging with excitation 680 nm.

Iron is one of the most abundant transition elements and is indispensable for almost all organisms. While the ability of iron to participate in redox chemistry is an essential requirement for participation in a range of vital enzymatic reactions, this same feature of iron also makes it dangerous in the generation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. Given the high local oxygen tensions in the lung, the regulation of iron acquisition, utilization, and storage therefore becomes vitally important, perhaps more so than in any other biological system. Iron plays a critical role in the biology of essentially every cell type in the lung, and in particular, changes in iron levels have important ramifications on immune function and the local lung microenvironment. There is substantial evidence that cigarette smoke causes iron dysregulation, with the implication that iron may be the link between smoking and smoking-related lung diseases. A better understanding of the connection between cigarette smoke, iron, and respiratory diseases will help to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets.

Background and objectives: Most fixed orthodontic appliances are made of stainless steel and Nickel-Titanium alloys, which can release metal ions into the oral cavity. The present study aimed to determine the release of Nickel, Chromium and Iron ions into saliva of patients treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance. Subjects and methods: Saliva samples from 18 patients (9 males and 9 females) between 15-25 years were taken at three different time points, group A: before placement of the appliance directly (baseline), group B: one month after appliance placement, Group C: four months after appliance placement. The fixed appliance consists of 20 stainless steel brackets, 4 buccal tubes, and superelastic Nickel-Titanium archwires. Level of ions in salivary samples was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical EmissionSpectrometry. Ions recorded in parts per billion. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric tests (Friedman) and one way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Level of Nickel, Chromium and Iron ions in saliva were highest in group B and lowest in group A. on a pairwise comparison between different groups, it was statistically significant for all groups (< 0.05) except for Iron levels between group A and group C which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Nickel, Chromium and Iron levels in saliva were increased after the placement of fixed orthodontic appliance.

The hepcidin/ferroportin axis controls systemic iron homeostasis by regulating iron acquisition from the duodenum and reticuloendothelial system, respective sites of iron absorption and recycling. Ferroportin is also abundant in the kidney, where it has been implicated in tubular iron reabsorption. However, it remains unknown whether endogenous hepcidin regulates ferroportin-mediated iron reabsorption under physiological conditions, and whether such regulation is important for kidney and/or systemic iron homeostasis. To address these questions, we generated a novel mouse model with an inducible kidney-tubule specific knock-in of fpnC326Y, which encodes a hepcidin-resistant ferroportin termed FPNC326Y. Under conditions of normal iron availability, female mice harboring this allele had consistently decreased kidney iron but only transiently increased systemic iron indices. Under conditions of excess iron availability, male and female mice harboring this allele had milder kidney iron overload, but greater systemic iron overload relative to controls. Additionally, despite comparable systemic iron overload, kidney iron overload occurred in wild type mice fed an iron-loaded diet but not in hemochromatosis mice harboring a ubiquitous knock-in of fpnC326Y. Thus, our study demonstrates that endogenous hepcidin controls ferroportin-mediated tubular iron reabsorption under physiological conditions. It also shows that such control is important for both kidney and systemic iron homeostasis in the context of iron overload., Graphical abstract

The prevalence of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) was estimated to be 8-12 per 1000 live births. Around 77.8% and 87.2% of cyanotic and asyanotic CHD cases experienced decrease in iron levels in the blood respectively. Anemia in children with CHDs, especially with cyanosis and high hematocrit levels due to chronic hypoxia, were often underdiagnosed. The Mentzer index as a diagnostic tool for anemia was used to diagnose iron deficiency in children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHDs. This research was a cross-sectional study done in Haji Adam Malik hospital by using data from medical records. Among 110 samples, TOF and VSD were diagnosed the most in cyanotic and acyanotic CHDs respectively in children aged 1 – 5 years old. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte showed significant value (p

Background: Rice bean (Vigna umbellata L.) has recently been notified as a promising pulse crop. It is grown for green manure, green fodder and pulses. Potassium plays a major role in increasing the legume yield and yield components, besides provides tolerance to stress such as high-low temperature and drought. Similarly, iron is important for chlorophyll synthesis and is a key component of the nitrogenase enzyme, which is important for nitrogen fixation.Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2020 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P). India. Study the ‘‘Effect of potassium and iron levels on growth and yield of kharif Rice bean (Vigna umbellata L.)”. The present experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD).Result: The results revealed that the application of 20 kg K2O/ha + 15 kg Fe/ha recorded maximum plant height (111.17 cm), branches per plant (23.40), nodules per plant at 60 DAS (35.67), plant dry weight (41.33 g/plant), pods per plant (26.20), seeds per pod (7.93), seed yield (1.67 t/ha), stover yield (3.95 t/ha), harvest index (29.69%), net return (Rs 81,155.6/ha) and B: C ratio (2.43). It can be concluded that 20 kg K2O /ha + 15 kg Fe/ha was found more productive as well as economic for Rice bean.

Twenty years ago the discovery of hepcidin deeply changed our understanding of the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis. It is now clear that hepcidin orchestrates systemic iron levels by controlling the amount of iron exported into the bloodstream through ferroportin. Hepcidin expression is increased in situations where systemic iron levels should be reduced, such as in iron overload and infection. Conversely, hepcidin is repressed during iron deficiency, hypoxia or expanded erythropoiesis, to increase systemic iron availability and sustain erythropoiesis. In this review, we will focus on molecular mechanisms of hepcidin regulation and on the pathological consequences of their disruption.

Introduction: Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) has been referred to as a promising medium for detection of markers for periodontal disease activity. Analysis of GCF shows minute changes in biomarker levels well before the onset of clinical signs and symptoms; which helps to even predict a person’s predisposition towards periodontal disease occurrence. The elemental analysis of human blood serum is noteworthy in routine clinical practice as well as in medical research. Aim: This study was done to determine the changes in calcium and iron levels in GCF and serum in human subjects with normal periodontal health and those with disease. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March 2019 to December 2019. Eight study subjects (4 healthy subjects and 4 periodontitis cases) were selected from the patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics at Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. The subjects were chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and all patients were subjected to a clinical examination wherein the Probing Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded by a single examiner using William’s Periodontal probe. The GCF samples were collected by Capillary Tubing method. Blood was collected by venipuncture and centrifuged to provide serum samples. Dual viewing Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to estimate Calcium and Iron in GCF and serum. SPSS version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Mann Whitney U test was used for comparing the groups. p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum iron levels were significantly less in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects (p-value 0.043). GCF iron level (p-value 0.386), GCF calcium level (p-value 0.149) and serum calcium level (p-value 0.564) did not show any major variation among subjects with normal periodontal health and those with disease. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that iron and calcium are present in GCF and serum samples of healthy persons and patients with chronic periodontitis which can be detected using ICP-OES. A significant difference in serum iron levels between health and disease could indicate a patient’s predisposition towards developing periodontitis. Calcium levels in GCF and serum do not point towards periodontal disease activity.

The cystic fibrosis (CF) community seeks to explain heterogeneous outcomes of pulmonary exacerbation (PEX) treatment. Serum and sputum inflammatory mediators may identify people with CF (PwCF) at risk for suboptimal responses. However, lack of an established association between response phenotypes and these mediators limits clinical application. In this pilot study, we prospectively characterized treatment response phenotypes by assessing health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) during PEX. We also measured lung function and iron-related biochemical parameters in serum and sputum. We classified subjects as sustained symptom-responders (SRs) or non-sustained symptom-responders (NSRs) based on the absence or presence, respectively, of worsened symptom scores after initial improvement. We used linear mixed models (LMMs) to determine whether trends in lung function, hematologic, serum, and sputum indices of inflammation differed between response cohorts. In 20 PwCF, we identified 10 SRs and 10 NSRs with no significant differences in lung function at PEX onset and treatment durations. SRs had better model-predicted trends in lung function than NSRs during PEX. Non-linear trends in serum and sputum iron levels significantly differed between SRs and NSRs. In adults with cystic fibrosis, PEX treatment response phenotypes may be correlated with distinctive trends in serum and sputum iron concentrations.