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1. Modelling of Pharyngeal Laryngeal Effectiveness (Eph-L)

Author: National Research Agency, France, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Laboratoire parole et langage, and Swallis Medical
Published: 2023

2. Erasure-correcting vs. erasure-detecting codes for the full-duplex binary erasure relay channel

Author: Supélec Sciences des Systèmes - EA4454 (E3S) ; SUPELEC, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS) ; Université de Cergy Pontoise - ENSEA - CNRS, Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT) ; CNRS - Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I - Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II - Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) - Toulouse III - Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT - Université Toulouse I (UT1) Capitole, Ivashkina, Marina, Andriyanova, Iryna, Poulliat, Charly, Piantanida, Pablo, Supélec Sciences des Systèmes - EA4454 (E3S) ; SUPELEC, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS) ; Université de Cergy Pontoise - ENSEA - CNRS, Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT) ; CNRS - Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I - Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II - Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) - Toulouse III - Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT - Université Toulouse I (UT1) Capitole, Ivashkina, Marina, Andriyanova, Iryna, Poulliat, Charly, and Piantanida, Pablo
Abstract: International audience, In this paper, the asymptotic iterative performance of block-Markov, sparse-graph codes over the binary erasure relay channel is investigated. Note that the full-duplex relay channel is a particular case of the considered model. We obtain two interesting results: a) the block-Markov structure does not improve the asymptotic performance of good erasure-correcting sparse-graph codes; b) under certain conditions, it does however improve the asymptotic performance of good erasure-detecting (i.e. bad erasure-correcting) sparse-graph codes.

3. Performances Analysis of a System of Localization by Angle of Arrival UWB Radio

Author: Salick Diagne, Abdou Karim Farota, Thierry Val, Ognadon Assogba, Bouya Diop, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis - UGB (SENEGAL), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal (UGB), Réseaux, Mobiles, Embarqués, Sans fil, Satellites (IRIT-RMESS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Computer science, Real-time computing, Système d'exploitation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Réseaux et télécommunications, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Signal, Set (abstract data type), [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], UWB, Architectures Matérielles, Angle of arrival, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, PDoA, 021103 operations research, Observational error, Bandwidth (signal processing), 020206 networking & telecommunications, Systèmes embarqués, Angle of Arrival (AoA), Localization, Temporal resolution, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, [INFO.INFO-OS]Computer Science [cs]/Operating Systems [cs.OS], Actuator
Abstract: International audience; The increasingly widespread use of sensor and actuator networks and in general of the Internet of Things (IoT) in several areas of precision, imposes upon localization systems that can often equip them with a robust and more precise localization. It is in this sense that UWB technology has proved to be one of the most powerful communication technologies for these localization systems; thanks, in particular to the bandwidth occupied instantaneously by the signal allowing a very fine temporal resolution. Constructors have set up localization kits based on various technologies. These kits facilitate in a way the work of localization of users. In this paper, we present results on the performance study of the Decawave PDoA Kit. This Kit uses the PDoA (Phase Difference of Arrival) to determine the Angle of Arrival (AoA) parameter with UWB technology. This study is in context of localization by AoA for an application to protect agricultural crops against grain-eating birds. The results of the study show overall AoA measurement errors around 10 degrees in an ideal environment.
Published: 2020

4. On Iterative Solution of the Extended Normal Equations

Author: Xavier Vasseur, Henri Calandra, Serge Gratton, Elisa Riccietti, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Total (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), TOTAL-Scientific and Technical Center Jean Féger (CSTJF), TOTAL FINA ELF, Algorithmes Parallèles et Optimisation (IRIT-APO), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Département d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Complexes (DISC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), and ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019)
Subjects: Linear system, Linear systems, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Conjugate gradient method, Special class, Mathématiques générales, 01 natural sciences, 010101 applied mathematics, Combinatorics, Matrix (mathematics), [MATH.MATH-GM]Mathematics [math]/General Mathematics [math.GM], Forward error, Least squares problems, 0101 mathematics, Analysis, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; Given a full-rank matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ ($m\geq n$), we consider a special class of linear systems $A^T\! Ax=A^T\! b+c$ with $x, c \in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ and $b \in \mathbb{R}^{m}$, which we refer to as the extended normal equations. The occurrence of $c$ gives rise to a problem with a different conditioning from the standard normal equations and prevents direct application of standard methods for least squares. Hence, we seek more insights on theoretical and practical aspects of the solution of such problems. We propose an explicit formula for the structured condition number, which allows us to compute a more accurate estimate of the forward error than the standard one used for generic linear systems, which does not take into account the structure of the perturbations. The relevance of our estimate is shown on a set of synthetic test problems. Then, we propose a new iterative solution method that, as in the case of normal equations, takes advantage of the structure of the system to avoid unstable computations such as forming $A^T\! A$ explicitly. Numerical experiments highlight the increased robustness and accuracy of the proposed method compared to standard iterative methods. It is also found that the new method can compare to standard direct methods in terms of solution accuracy.
Published: 2020

5. A variational marginalized particle filter for jump Markov nonlinear systems with unknown transition probabilities

Author: Jean-Yves Tourneret, Cheng Cheng, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (CHINA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Posterior probability, Markov process, 02 engineering and technology, Bayesian inference, Conjugate prior, Jump Markov nonlinear systems, symbols.namesake, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Applied mathematics, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mathematics, Markov chain, State vector, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Extended factorized approximation, Nonlinear system, Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing, symbols, Marginalized particle filter, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Particle filter, Variational inference, Software
Abstract: International audience; This paper studies a new variational marginalized particle filter for jointly estimating the state and the system mode parameters of jump Markov nonlinear systems. Contrary to the Markovian assumption usu- ally considered to model the evolution of the system modes, we introduce conjugate prior distributions for the system mode parameters. The joint posterior distribution of the state and system mode parame- ters is then marginalized with respect to the mode variables. The remaining state vector is sampled us- ing a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm, and the mode parameters are sampled using variational Bayesian inference. In order to obtain analytical solutions for the different variational distributions, we use an extended factorized approximation simplifying the variational distributions. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of the proposed approach with the state-of-the-art for a modified nonlinear benchmark model and maneuvering target tracking scenarios.
Published: 2021

6. Energy and Expenditure Aware Data Replication Strategy

Author: Morgan Seguela, Riad Mokadem, Jean-Marc Pierson, Optimisation Dynamique de Requêtes Réparties à grande échelle (IRIT-PYRAMIDE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Système d’exploitation, systèmes répartis, de l’intergiciel à l’architecture (IRIT-SEPIA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, and Séguéla, Morgan
Subjects: Data replication, Computer science, Cloud computing, Provider expenditure, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-DB] Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Consommation énergétique, Réplication de données, Violation de SLA, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Distributed database, business.industry, Dépense du fournisseur, Information technology, Energy consumption, Environmental economics, SLA violation, Replication (computing), [INFO.INFO-PF]Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF], Scale (social sciences), Carbon footprint, business, Cloud, Efficient energy use
Abstract: Energy saving is a major challenge for Information Technology (IT) companies that aim to reduce their carbon footprint while providing large scale cloud services. These companies often rely on data replication technique in order to satisfy tenant's objectives, e.g., performance, especially with the increasing volume of data distributed throughout the world. In this paper, we propose a static and multi objective data replication strategy (E2ARS) that aims to reduce both energy consumption and expenditure of the provider. E2ARS leverages on cloud heterogeneity and energy efficient technologies. We first compare different policies of our strategy, from only taking energy consumption into account to only taking expenditure into account. Unsurprisingly, the more you want to reduce the energy consumption, the less you replicate. Then, we compare E2ARS with strategies from the literature. E2ARS reduces both energy consumption and expenditure where those strategies satisfy only one of the two objectives., La consommation énergétique est un défi majeur pour les sociétés d'informatique qui cherchent à réduire leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre tout en fournissant des services cloud à large échelle.Ces sociétés s'appuient souvent sur la réplication de données pour satisfaire les objectifs des locataires, comme la performance, surtout avec une augmentation du volume de données distribuées autour du monde.Dans ce rapport, nous proposons une stratégie statique de réplication de données qui est multiobjectif (E2ARS) qui cherche à diminuer à la fois la consommation énergétique et la dépense pour le fournisseur. E2ARS s'appuie sur l'hétérogénéité dans le cloud et des technologies d'efficacité énergétique.Dans un premier temps, nous comparerons les différentes politiques de notre stratégie, d'uniquement prendre en compte la consommation énergétique à uniquement prendre en compte la dépense.Les résultats montrent qu'au plus l'utilisateur veut réduire la consommation énergétique, moins la stratégie va répliquer.Puis, nous comparons E2ARS avec des stratégies venant de la littérature.E2ARS réduit la consommation énergétique et la dépense alors que d'autres stratégies réduisent uniquement l'un ou l'autre des objectifs.
Published: 2021

7. Effects of oral and oropharyngeal cancer on speech intelligibility using acoustic analysis: Systematic review

Author: Julien Pinquier, Renée Speyer, Timothy Pommée, Mathieu Balaguer, Virginie Woisard, Jérôme Farinas, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), University of Oslo (NORWAY), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Équipe Structuration, Analyse et MOdélisation de documents Vidéo et Audio (IRIT-SAMoVA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Unité de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Octogone-Lordat (Octogone-Lordat), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Faculty of Educational Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: ANR‐18‐CE45‐0008, Hospitals of Toulouse, PNRIA, ANR-18-CE45-0008,RUGBI,Recherche d'unités linguistiques pertinentes pour améliorer la mesure de l'intelligibilité de la parole altérée par des troubles de production pathologique(2018), European Project: 766287, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Speech recognition, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Functional impact, Intelligibility (communication), behavioral disciplines and activities, Speech Acoustics, Machine Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Speech Production Measurement, Vowel, Perception, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Humans, Speech, Head and neck cancer, speech, intelligibility, acoustics, head and neck cancer, oncology, Cancer, media_common, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Spectral moments, business.industry, Speech Intelligibility, Informatique et langage, Acoustics, 030206 dentistry, 3. Good health, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, Systematic review, Oncology, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Speech disorder, medicine.symptom, Nasalance, business, Intelligibility, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract: Background The development of automatic tools based on acoustic analysis allows to overcome the limitations of perceptual assessment for patients with head and neck cancer. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of literature describing the effects of oral and oropharyngeal cancer on speech intelligibility using acoustic analysis. Methods Two databases (PubMed and Embase) were surveyed. The selection process, according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) statement, led to a final set of 22 articles. Results Nasalance is studied mainly in oropharyngeal patients. The vowels are mostly studied using formant analysis and vowel space area, the consonants by means of spectral moments with specific parameters according to their phonetic characteristic. Machine learning methods allow classifying “intelligible” or “unintelligible” speech for T3 or T4 tumors. Conclusions The development of comprehensive models combining different acoustic measures would allow a better consideration of the functional impact of the speech disorder.
Published: 2019

8. Toward classroom experiences inclusive of students with disabilities

Author: Marcos Serrano, Christophe Jouffrais, Anja Thieme, Emeline Brulé, Oussama Metatla, Cynthia L. Bennett, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Telecom ParisTech (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of Bristol (UNITED KINGDOM), Microsoft (USA), University of Washington (USA), Institut Interdisciplinaire de l'Innovation - i3 (Palaiseau, France), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Télécom Paris (FRANCE), University of Bristol [Bristol], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Washington [Seattle], Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Image & Pervasive Access Lab (IPAL), National University of Singapore (NUS)-MATHEMATIQUES, SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION (UJF)-Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institute for Infocomm Research - I²R [Singapore], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Digital content, Computer programming, 02 engineering and technology, Learning environments, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Assistive technology, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mathematics education, Educational content, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050107 human factors, business.industry, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, 020207 software engineering, Teaching assistant, Braille, Apprentissage, Human-Computer Interaction, Students with disabilities, Spatial learning, Psychology, business, Meaning (linguistics)
Abstract: International audience; More than ever, digital content and tools are being introduced and accepted in diverse educational contexts, offering opportunities for innovation and for making learning processes more encompassing, engaging, and collaborative. Multimodal tools fostering tactile, auditory, and spatial learning promise increased access for students with vision impairments (VI). Yet many existing popular classroom technologies, such as Scratch for learning computer programming, rely heavily on visual content and interactions. In practice, this means that students with VI continue to rely on screen readers, magnifiers, and braille displays to access and engage with educational materials, while also leveraging frequent support from a teaching assistant or the use of specialized tools. Although these are all important mechanisms to make educational content more accessible, they are inherently designed to be used by VI learners alone, often leaving the person isolated and excluded from learning activities with other students; meaning that accessible and assistive technology (AT) cannot alone foster connection among students with various abilities [1].In this article, we outline three areas of research and debate that we identified during the CHI 2018 workshop on the design of inclusive educational classroom technology for people with VI [2].
Published: 2018

9. Passive mitigation for magnetic coupling between HV power line and aerial pipeline using PSO algorithms optimization

Author: Rabah Djekidel, Pierre Spiteri, Sid Ahmed Bessedik, Djillali Mahi, Université Amar Telidji - Laghouat, Traitement et Compréhension d’Images (IRIT-TCI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université Amar Telidji - Laghouat (ALGERIA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), 020209 energy, Pipeline (computing), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Faraday's law, 02 engineering and technology, Aerial pipelines, 7. Clean energy, Traitement des images, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Carson's formula, Physics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Overhead power line, Particle swarm optimization, High voltage, Induced voltage, Inductive coupling, Electromagnetic induction, Power (physics), HV power line, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Electromagnetic shielding, Algorithm
Abstract: International audience; This paper proposes a methodology based on Faraday's electromagnetic induction law (EMF) for evaluating the induced voltage produced by high voltage power line on an aerial metallic pipeline located parallel in its immediate vicinity under normal operating condition. It also describes the procedure of the induced voltage mitigation using the passive loop technique combined with the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). The presence of a pipeline in the vicinity of an overhead power line strongly disturbs the mapping of the magnetic induction produced by this power line. The mitigation efficiency is significantly improved by optimizing the position of the loop conductors, by increasing the number of loops and the use of a shielding magnetic material of high relative permeability. The obtained simulation result is compared with that obtained by the Carson's formulas. A good agreement was obtained.
Published: 2018

10. On a unifying product form framework for redundancy models

Author: Ina Maria Verloop, Tejas Bodas, Urtzi Ayesta, Basque Foundation for Science ( Ikerbasque ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Équipe Services et Architectures pour Réseaux Avancés ( LAAS-SARA ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), IKERBASQUE (SPAIN), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Universidad del País Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea - EHU (SPAIN), Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes - LAAS (Toulouse, France), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Réseaux, Mobiles, Embarqués, Sans fil, Satellites (IRIT-RMESS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Services et Architectures pour Réseaux Avancés (LAAS-SARA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)
Subjects: Exponential distribution, Redundancy-d, Computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, Generalization, Système d'exploitation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Réseaux et télécommunications, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Combinatorics, 010104 statistics & probability, Redundancy (information theory), Architectures Matérielles, Server, Cancel-on-start, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Redundancy (engineering), 0101 mathematics, Queue, [ INFO.INFO-RO ] Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Mathematics, 020203 distributed computing, 021103 operations research, Stationary distribution, business.industry, Product-form distribution, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Queueing system, Systèmes embarqués, [ INFO.INFO-PF ] Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF], [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [INFO.INFO-PF]Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF], Hardware and Architecture, Independence assumption, Modeling and Simulation, Product (mathematics), Closed-form expression, business, [ MATH.MATH-PR ] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Software, Computer network
Abstract: In this paper, we present a unifying analysis for redundancy systems with cancel-on-start ( c . o . s . ) and cancel-on-complete ( c . o . c . ) with exponentially distributed service requirements. With c . o . s . ( c . o . c . ) all redundant copies are removed as soon as one of the copies starts (completes) service. As a consequence, c . o . s . does not waste any computing resources, as opposed to c . o . c . We show that the c . o . s . model is equivalent to a queueing system with multi-type jobs and servers, which was analyzed in Visschers et al., (2012), and show that c . o . c . (under the assumption of i.i.d. copies) can be analyzed by a generalization of Visschers et al., (2012) where state-dependent departure rates are permitted. This allows us to show that the stationary distribution for both the c . o . c . and c . o . s . models has a product form. We give a detailed first-time analysis for c . o . s and derive a closed form expression for important metrics like mean number of jobs in the system, and probability of waiting. We also note that the c . o . s . model is equivalent to Join-Shortest-Work queue with power of d (JSW( d )). In the latter, an incoming job is dispatched to the server with smallest workload among d randomly chosen ones. Thus, all our results apply mutatis-mutandis to JSW( d ). Comparing the performance of c . o . s . with that of c . o . c . with i.i.d. copies gives the unexpected conclusion (since c . o . s . does not waste any resources) that c . o . s . is worse in terms of mean number of jobs. As part of ancillary results, we illustrate that this is primarily due to the assumption of i.i.d. copies in case of c . o . c . (together with exponentially distributed requirements) and that such assumptions might lead to conclusions that are qualitatively different from that observed in practice.
Published: 2018

11. Hypersphere fitting from noisy data using an EM algorithm

Author: Barbara Pilastre, Julien Lesouple, Yoann Altmann, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Télécommunications Spatiales et Aéronautiques - Telecommunications for Space ant Aeronautics (TéSA), Laboratoire de recherche coopératif dans les télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques (TESA), Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Royal Academy of Engineering under the Research Fellowship scheme RF201617/16/31, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Heriot-Watt University (UNITED KINGDOM), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Noise measurement, Applied Mathematics, Hypersphere fitting, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Statistical model, 02 engineering and technology, Hypersphere, Expected value, Maximum likelihood estimation, Expectation-maximization algorithm, von Mises-Fisher distribution, Distribution (mathematics), [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Signal Processing, Expectation–maximization algorithm, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, A priori and a posteriori, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Von Mises–Fisher distribution, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; This letter studies a new expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to solve the problem of circle, sphere and more generally hypersphere fitting. This algorithm relies on the introduction of random latent vectors having a priori independent von Mises-Fisher distributions defined on the hypersphere. This statistical model leads to a complete data likelihood whose expected value, conditioned on the observed data, has a Von Mises-Fisher distribution. As a result, the inference problem can be solved with a simple EM algorithm. The performance of the resulting hypersphere fitting algorithm is evaluated for circle and sphere fitting.
Published: 2021

12. Constrained Bundle Adjustment Applied to Wing 3D Reconstruction with Mechanical Limitations

Author: Adrian Basarab, Quentin Demoulin, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Francois Lefebvre-Albaret, Denis Kouame, Airbus [France], CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Télécommunications Spatiales et Aéronautiques - Telecommunications for Space ant Aeronautics (TéSA), Laboratoire de recherche coopératif dans les télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques (TESA), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Wing, Computer science, 3D reconstruction, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Bundle adjustment, 02 engineering and technology, Video processing, Three-dimensional image, Mechanical limits, Optimization underconstraints, Photogrammetry, 0203 mechanical engineering, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Control theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Wing deformations, Traitement du signal et de l'image, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing
Abstract: International audience; Aircraft certification procedures require the estimation ofwing deformation, which is a very challenging problem inphotogrammetry applications. Indeed, in real flight condi-tions with varying environment, 3D reconstruction is stronglydegraded. To cope with this issue, we propose to introduceprior knowledge about the wing mechanical limits in thephotogrammetry reconstruction method. These mechanicallimits are expressed as appropriate regularizations that areincluded into the classical bundle adjustment step. The pro-posed approach is evaluated using data acquired on a realaircraft yielding promising results.
Published: 2020

13. Hyperspectral unmixing with spectral variability using adaptive bundles and double sparsity

Author: Nicolas Dobigeon, Tatsumi Uezato, Mathieu Fauvel, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Electrotechnique, d'Electronique, d'Informatique, d'Hydraulique et de Télécommunications (ENSEEIHT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), European Union (EU), MapInvPlnt Project, MUESLI IDEX ATS Project, Toulouse INP, ANR-15-NMED-0002,MapInvPint,Monitoring the Water Hyacinth Using ASTER Imagery(2015), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Electrotechnique, d'Electronique, d'Informatique, d'Hydraulique et de Télécommunications ( ENSEEIHT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Endmember, Hyperspectral imaging, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, FOS: Physical sciences, Machine Learning (stat.ML), 02 engineering and technology, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Spectral line, Image (mathematics), Statistics::Machine Learning, Endmember variability, Statistics - Machine Learning, Component (UML), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Sparse unmixing, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Spectral signature, Pixel, business.industry, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), Informatique et langage, Pattern recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Apprentissage, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Artificial intelligence, business, Spectral unmixing, Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an]
Abstract: International audience; Spectral variability is one of the major issue when conducting hyperspectral unmixing. Within a given image composed of some elementary materials (herein referred to as endmember classes), the spectral signature characterizing these classes may spatially vary due to intrinsic component fluctuations or external factors (illumination). These redundant multiple endmember spectra within each class adversely affect the performance of unmixing methods. This paper proposes a mixing model that explicitly incorporates a hierarchical structure of redundant multiple spectra representing each class. The proposed method is designed to promote sparsity on the selection of both spectra and classes within each pixel. The resulting unmixing algorithm is able to adaptively recover several bundles of endmember spectra associated with each class and robustly estimate abundances. In addition, its flexibility allows a variable number of classes to be present within each pixel of the hyperspectral image to be unmixed. The proposed method is compared with other state-of-the-art unmixing methods that incorporate sparsity using both simulated and real hyperspectral data. The results show that the proposed method can successfully determine the variable number of classes present within each class and estimate the corresponding class abundances.
Published: 2020

14. On high-order multilevel optimization strategies

Author: Serge Gratton, Henri Calandra, Elisa Riccietti, Xavier Vasseur, Total E&P, Algorithmes Parallèles et Optimisation (IRIT-APO), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Gratton, Serge, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Total (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Multilevel methods, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 02 engineering and technology, Global convergence, Complexity estimation, 01 natural sciences, Mathematics::Numerical Analysis, Theoretical Computer Science, Nonlinear programming, Multilevel optimization, Tensor methods, FOS: Mathematics, High-order optimization model, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 0101 mathematics, High order, Computer Science::Operating Systems, Mathematics, 021103 operations research, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Taylor models, [MATH.MATH-NA] Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Nonlinear optimization, Optimization methods, Error bound, Minification, Recherche opérationnelle, Software, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract: SIAM: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics; International audience; We propose a new family of multilevel methods for unconstrained minimization. The resulting strategies are multilevel extensions of high-order optimization methods based on q-order Taylor models (with q ≥ 1) that have been recently proposed in the literature. The use of high-order models, while decreasing the worst-case complexity bound, makes these methods computationally more expensive. Hence, to counteract this effect, we propose a multilevel strategy that exploits a hierarchy of problems of decreasing dimension, still approximating the original one, to reduce the global cost of the step computation. A theoretical analysis of the family of methods is proposed. Specifically, local and global convergence results are proved and a complexity bound to reach first order stationary points is also derived. A multilevel version of the well known adaptive method based on cubic regularization (ARC, corresponding to q = 2 in our setting) has been implemented. Numerical experiments clearly highlight the relevance of the new multilevel approach leading to considerable computational savings in terms of floating point operations compared to the classical one-level strategy.
Published: 2020

15. Mu-suppression detection in motor imagery electroencephalographic signals using the generalized extreme value distribution

Author: Hadj Batatia, arlos D'Giano, Antonio Quintero-Rincón, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia - FLENI (ARGENTINA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia [Buenos Aires] (FLENI), FLENI, Traitement et Compréhension d’Images (IRIT-TCI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, Maximum likelihood, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Linear classifier, Probability density function, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Electroencephalography, Statistics - Applications, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Motor imagery, Statistics - Machine Learning, medicine, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Applications (stat.AP), Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, medicine.diagnostic_test, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, business.industry, Spectral density, Statistical model, Pattern recognition, Support vector machine, Brain-computer inter-face, 030104 developmental biology, Generalized extreme value distribution, Mu-suppression, Artificial intelligence, Generalized extreme value, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: This paper deals with the detection of mu-suppression from electroencephalographic (EEG) signals in brain-computer interface (BCI). For this purpose, an efficient algorithm is proposed based on a statistical model and a linear classifier. Precisely, the generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) is proposed to represent the power spectrum density of the EEG signal in the central motor cortex. The associated three parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Based on these parameters, a simple and efficient linear classifier was designed to classify three types of events: imagery, movement, and resting. Preliminary results show that the proposed statistical model can be used in order to detect precisely the mu-suppression and distinguish different EEG events, with very good classification accuracy., 10 pages, 6 Figures, 4 tables
Published: 2020

16. Classification de relations pour l'intelligence économique et concurrentielle

Author: Khaldi, Hadjer, Abdaoui, Amine, Benamara, Farah, Sigel, Grégoire, Aussenac-Gilles, Nathalie, MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Geotrend, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Benzitoun, Christophe, Braud, Chloé, Huber, Laurine, Langlois, David, Ouni, Slim, Pogodalla, Sylvain, Schneider, Stéphane, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (irit) & Geotrend, and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (irit)
Subjects: Linguistic resources, Relation économique, [INFO.INFO-CL] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Ressource linguistique, Classification de relation, Relation classification, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Business relation
Abstract: Relation extraction aims at identifying semantic relations that may hold between entities in raw text. This task has been widely studied in the litterature focusing either on extracting generic relations like hyperonymy or domain-dependent relations like those linking genes and proteins. In this paper, we aim at extracting business relations between two organizations from web textual contents. In particular, we propose BIZREL, the first French annotated dataset for business relations as well as a supervised approach based on several neural architectures to classify these relations. Our results are encouraging and constitute a first step towards economic and competitive intelligence from French texts., L’extraction de relations reliant des entités par des liens sémantiques à partir de texte a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux visant à extraire des relations génériques comme l’hyperonymie ou spécifiques comme des relations entre gènes et protéines. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux relations économiques entre deux entités nommées de type organisation à partir de textes issus du web. Ce type de relation, encore peu étudié dans la littérature, a pour but l’identification des liens entre les acteurs d’un secteur d’activité afin d’analyser leurs écosystèmes économiques. Nous présentons B IZ R EL, le premier corpus français annoté en relations économiques, ainsi qu’une approche supervisée à base de différentes architectures neuronales pour la classification de ces relations. L’évaluation de ces modèles montre des résultats très encourageants, ce qui est un premier pas vers l’intelligence économique et concurrentielle à partir de textes pour le français.
Published: 2020

17. Priority-based data collection for UAV-aided Mobile Sensor Network

Author: Riadh Dhaou, Tianyi Liu, Song Liu, Xiaoyan Ma, Rahim Kacimi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Tongji University (CHINA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), CLESTHIA - Langage, systèmes, discours - EA 7345 (CLESTHIA), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Central China Normal University [Wuhan, China], Temps Réel dans les Réseaux et Systèmes (IRIT-T2RS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Réseaux, Mobiles, Embarqués, Sans fil, Satellites (IRIT-RMESS), and Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, Dynamic network analysis, Computer science, Real-time computing, Système d'exploitation, Réseaux et télécommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Network topology, lcsh:Chemical technology, Biochemistry, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Article, Analytical Chemistry, Scheduling (computing), [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Architectures Matérielles, Collision-free, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mobile nodes, lcsh:TP1-1185, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Data collection, Data Collection, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Systèmes embarqués, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Wireless sensor networks, Wireless sensor network, Multiple unmanned aerial vehicles
Abstract: International audience; In this work, we study data collection in multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 1 aided mobile wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The network topology is changing due to the 2 mobility of the UAVs and the sensor nodes, the design of efficient data collection protocols 3 is a major concern. We address such high dynamic network and propose two mechanisms: 4 prioritized-based contact-duration frame selection mechanism (called PCdFS mechanism), and 5 prioritized-based multiple contact-duration frame selection mechanism (called PMCdFS mechanism) 6 to build collision-free scheduling and balance the nodes between the multi-UAV respectively. Based 7 on the two mechanisms, we proposed a Balance algorithm to conduct the collision-free communication 8 between the mobile nodes and the multi-UAVs. Two key design ideas for Balance algorithm are: (a) 9 no need of higher priority for those nodes that have lower transmission rate between them and the 10 UAV and (b) improve the communication opportunity for those nodes that have shorter contact 11 duration with the UAVs. We demonstrate the performance of proposed algorithms through extensive 12 simulations, and real experiments. These experiments using 15 mobile nodes at a path with 10 13 intersections and 1 island, presents that the network fairness is efficiently enhanced. We also confirm 14 the applicability of proposed algorithms in a challenging and realistic scenario through numerous 15 experiments on a path in Tongji campus in Shanghai, China. 16
Published: 2020

18. Decidability of deterministic process equivalence for finitary deduction systems

Author: Fabián Romero, Yannick Chevalier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Logique, Interaction, Langue et Calcul (IRIT-LILaC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), LabEx CIMI 'Centre International de Mathématiques et d’Informatique' : Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse - IMT et Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT, Masoud, Daneshtalab and Leporati, Francesco and Mikael, and Sjödin
Subjects: Theoretical computer science, formal methods, Computer science, Reachability problem, Parameterized complexity, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Cryptographic protocols, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Finitary, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computer Science::Symbolic Computation, Equivalence (formal languages), Computer Science::Cryptography and Security, pri- vacy analysis, Index Terms-Cryptographic protocols, Formal methods, Cryptographic protocol, 16. Peace & justice, Decidability, Privacy analysis, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Cryptographie et sécurité, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, The Symbolic
Abstract: International audience; Deciding privacy-type properties of deterministic cryptographic protocols such as anonymity and strong secrecy can be reduced to deciding the symbolic equivalence of processes, where each process is described by a set of possible symbolic traces. This equivalence is parameterized by a deduction system that describes which actions and observations an intruder can perform on a running system. We present in this paper a notion of finitary deduction systems. For this class of deduction system, we first reduce the problem of the equivalence of processes with no disequations to the resolution of reachability problem on each symbolic trace of one process, and then testing whether each solution found is solution of a related trace in the other process. We then extend this reduction to the case of generic deterministic finite processes in which symbolic traces may contain disequalities.
Published: 2020

19. Flows in Agro-food Networks (FAN): an agent-based model to simulate local agricultural material flows

Author: Sylvain Pellerin, Benoit Gaudou, Graham K. MacDonald, Thomas Nesme, Hugo Fernandez-Mena, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - CIHEAM (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Montpellier SupAgro (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro (FRANCE), Université de Bordeaux (FRANCE), Université McGill (CANADA), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère - ISPA (Villenave d'Ornon, France), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Bordeaux Sciences Agro (University of Bordeaux), INRA, Division of Environment and Agronomy, Labex COTE (University of Bordeaux, France), Agreenium consortium, ANR-10-EQPX-0017,CASD,Développement et construction d'un Centre d'Accès Sécurisé Distant aux données confidentielles (CASD) pour la recherche française en sciences sociales et en économie.(2010), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Agent-based model, Resource (biology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Circular economy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Biomass and nutrient flows, Material exchanges, Production (economics), Agro-food networks, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Etudes de l'environnement, 2. Zero hunger, Upstream (petroleum industry), business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Environmental economics, Modélisation et simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Food processing, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Environnement et Société, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Agro-food networks are characterized by complex material exchanges among farms, processors, consumers, and waste managers involved in fertilization, food, feed and bioenergy production. Better coordination of material exchanges at the local scale can facilitate more efficient resource use. Here, we present a new agent-based model, “Flows in Agro-food Networks” (FAN), which simulates the processing and exchange of fertilizers, feed, food and wastes among farms and multiple upstream or downstream partners (feed and fertilizer suppliers, food industries, waste processors, and anaerobic digesters) in small farming regions. FAN includes a series of environmental indicators that can be used to assess alternative scenarios in terms of ecosystem services, nutrient cycling, and resource autonomy. We use a French case study to demonstrate FAN’s dynamics and to explore the sensitivity of key parameters. We show a strong influence of spatial distance between agents, their disposition to exchange, and their preference for specific materials on local agro-food network simulations. FAN is powerful theoretical tool to explore and assess opportunities for a circular economy in small farming regions and to unravel interactions between recycling, environmental performance and food production.
Published: 2020

20. Forward and backward feature selection for query performance prediction

Author: Radu Tudor Ionescu, Sébastien Déjean, Zia Ullah, Josiane Mothe, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of Bucharest (ROMANIA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bucharest (UniBuc), Systèmes d’Informations Généralisées (IRIT-SIG), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer science, Inference, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Feature selection, 02 engineering and technology, QPP, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Machine Learning (cs.LG), Computer Science - Information Retrieval, Statistics - Machine Learning, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Performance prediction, Information retrieval, Relevance (information retrieval), Linear regression, Query performance prediction, Interpretation (logic), business.industry, AIC criterion, Recherche d'information, 020207 software engineering, 16. Peace & justice, Task (computing), Predictive model, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], Selective model, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
Abstract: The goal of query performance prediction (QPP) is to automatically estimate the effectiveness of a search result for any given query, without relevance judgements. Post-retrieval features have been shown to be more effective for this task while being more expensive to compute than pre-retrieval features. Combining multiple post-retrieval features is even more effective, but state-of-the-art QPP methods are impossible to interpret because of the black-box nature of the employed machine learning models. However, interpretation is useful for understanding the predictive model and providing more answers about its behavior. Moreover, combining many post-retrieval features is not applicable to real-world cases, since the query running time is of utter importance. In this paper, we investigate a new framework for feature selection in which the trained model explains well the prediction. We introduce a step-wise (forward and backward) model selection approach where different subsets of query features are used to fit different models from which the system selects the best one. We evaluate our approach on four TREC collections using standard QPP features. We also develop two QPP features to address the issue of query-drift in the query feedback setting. We found that: (1) our model based on a limited number of selected features is as good as more complex models for QPP and better than non-selective models; (2) our model is more efficient than complex models during inference time since it requires fewer features; (3) the predictive model is readable and understandable; and (4) one of our new QPP features is consistently selected across different collections, proving its usefulness., Accepted at SAC 2020
Published: 2020

21. Outlier detection in multivariate functional data based on a geometric aggregation

Author: Lejeune, Clément, Mothe, Josiane, Teste, Olivier, Systèmes d’Informations Généralisées (IRIT-SIG), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre hospitalier [Valenciennes, Nord], Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], Multivariate functional data, Outlier detection, Recherche d'information, Curvature functional data, Multivariate time series, Geometric feature extraction
Abstract: International audience; The increasing ubiquity of multivariate functional data (MFD) requires methods that can properly detect outliers within such data, where a sample corresponds to $p>1$ parameters observed with respect to (w.r.t) a continuous variable (extit{e.g.} time). We improve the outlier detection in MFD by adopting a geometric view on the data space while combining the new data representation with state-of-the-art outlier detection algorithms. The geometric representation of MFD as paths in the $p$-dimensional Euclidean space enables to implicitly take into account the correlation w.r.t the continuous variable between the parameters. We experimentally show that our method is robust to various rates of outliers in the training set when fitting the outlier detection model and can detect outliers which are not detected by standard algorithms.
Published: 2020

22. ALCOVE

Author: Bernard Oriola, Frédéric Rayar, Christophe Jouffrais, Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Cherchons Pour Voir (CPV), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut des Jeunes Aveugles [Toulouse] (IJA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Image & Pervasive Access Lab (IPAL), Institute for Infocomm Research - I²R [Singapore]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR)-MATHEMATIQUES, SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION (UJF)-National University of Singapore (NUS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université de Tours (FRANCE), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Activities of daily living, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Internet privacy, Visual impairment, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Comics, Page layout, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, Presentation, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Recreation, media_common, Evaluation methods, business.industry, Reading mode, 4. Education, 16. Peace & justice, Accessibility design, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, [INFO.INFO-ET]Computer Science [cs]/Emerging Technologies [cs.ET], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Accessible comics, Low vision people, medicine.symptom, business, Mobile device, Alcove
Abstract: International audience; Low vision is a visual impairment that affects one's capacity to perform daily activities, among others, reading. Since difficulty to access printed materials is an obstacle to education, employment and social activities, adaptations of these material is often required, such as the usage of large print or audio transcriptions. The advent of digital documents, on computers and mobile devices, has enhanced the accessibility of text for people with low vision; however, there is still a lack of supply regarding accessible books for recreation reading. In this work, we study how an accessible reader can impact reader's engagement with comics, for both children and adults. We summarise the results of online surveys that have been conducted about the current usage of comics by reader with low vision and how professional attempt to provide them. This led to the design of ALCOVE, an accessible comic reader for people with low vision. We report the results of a user study with 11 participants with low vision, that examined both the usefulness of the proposed comic reader and the reading presentation mode. Results show that the participants found our application easy and very convenient to use.
Published: 2020

23. Optimization and Analysis of Deep Unfolding Based Double Loop Turbo Equalizers

Author: Sahin, Serdar, Cipriano, Antonio, Poulliat, Charly, Thales Is Business One [Paris], THALES, Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Thales (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Deep unfolding, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Iterative equalization, Inter-symbol interference, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Expectation propagation, Computer Science::Information Theory
Abstract: National audience; This paper investigates the use of hybrid model-and-data-based deep learning on a recently proposed doubly-iterative turbo equalizer for handling inter-symbol interference (ISI) channel with single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE). The receiver is obtained through a message-passing-based approximate Bayesian inference technique, known as expectation propagation (EP). Although this turbo-equalizer has been shown to behave asymptotically like maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection, finite-length numerical results suffer from drawbacks due to simplifying assumptions used during the modelling. Such limitations are partially mitigated by tuning heuristic hyper-parameters through robust learning algorithms. In this article, this strategy is further investigated with discussion on optimized parameters and with the use of an alternative loss function for training, or by adding further capabilities to adapt learned parameters to the channel state information.
Published: 2020

24. Adaptive Coded Aperture Design by Motion Estimation using Convolutional Sparse Coding in Compressive Spectral Video Sensing

Author: Henry Arguello, C. Noriega-Wandurraga, Adrian Basarab, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Nelson Diaz, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Universidad Industrial de Santander - UIS (COLOMBIA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] (UIS), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Adaptive imaging, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Convolutional sparse coding, Iterative reconstruction, Spectral bands, Motion estimation, Convolution, Data cube, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Convolutional code, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Computer vision, Compressive spectral video, Artificial intelligence, Coded aperture, business, Neural coding, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: International audience; This paper proposes a new motion estimation method based on convolutional sparse coding to adaptively design the colored-coded apertures in static and dynamic spectral videos. The motion in a spectral video is estimated from a low-resolution reconstruction of the datacube by training a convolutional dictionary per spectral band and solving a minimization problem. Simulations show improvements in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (of up to 2 dB) of the reconstructed videos by using the proposed approach, compared with state-of-art non-adaptive coded apertures.
Published: 2020

25. A Unified Deep Framework for Joint 3D Pose Estimation and Action Recognition from a Single RGB Camera

Author: Houssam Salmane, Sergio A. Velastin, Pablo Zegers, Louahdi Khoudour, Huy Hieu Pham, Alain Crouzil, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Banco Santander, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Aparnix (CHILE), Centre d'études et d'expertise sur les risques, l'environnement, la mobilité et l'aménagement - CEREMA (FRANCE), Queen Mary University of London - QMUL (UNITED KINGDOM), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid - UC3M (SPAIN), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Vingroup Big Data lnstitute (VinBDI), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Clay AIR R&D Center, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Zebra Technologies Corp, and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] (UC3M)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), 3D pose estimation, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Chemical technology, Biochemistry, Article, Analytical Chemistry, deep learning, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, lcsh:TP1-1185, Computer vision, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Human action recognition, Instrumentation, Pose, Informática, Monocular, Artificial neural network, Pixel, business.industry, Deep learning, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 020207 software engineering, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, human action recognition, RGB sensors, RGB color model, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: We present a deep learning-based multitask framework for joint 3D human pose estimation and action recognition from RGB sensors using simple cameras. The approach proceeds along two stages. In the first, a real-time 2D pose detector is run to determine the precise pixel location of important keypoints of the human body. A two-stream deep neural network is then designed and trained to map detected 2D keypoints into 3D poses. In the second stage, the Efficient Neural Architecture Search (ENAS) algorithm is deployed to find an optimal network architecture that is used for modeling the spatio-temporal evolution of the estimated 3D poses via an image-based intermediate representation and performing action recognition. Experiments on Human3.6M, MSR Action3D and SBU Kinect Interaction datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed method on the targeted tasks. Moreover, we show that the method requires a low computational budget for training and inference. In particular, the experimental results show that by using a monocular RGB sensor, we can develop a 3D pose estimation and human action recognition approach that reaches the performance of RGB-depth sensors. This opens up many opportunities for leveraging RGB cameras (which are much cheaper than depth cameras and extensively deployed in private and public places) to build intelligent recognition systems. Sergio A. Velastin is grateful for funding received from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstrationunder grant agreement N 600371, el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (COFUND2013-51509) el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (CEI-15-17) and Banco Santander.
Published: 2020

26. Iterative Decision Feedback Equalization Using Online Prediction

Author: Serdar Sahin, Antonio Maria Cipriano, Charly Poulliat, Marie-Laure Boucheret, Thales (France), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Thales (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP), Decision feedback equalizers, Performance prediction, Inter-symbol interference, Réseaux et télécommunications, Performance et fiabilité, Expectation propagation, Semi-analytical receiver abstraction, Turbo equalization, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-PF]Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF], FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, lcsh:TK1-9971
Abstract: In this article, a new category of soft-input soft-output (SISO) minimum-mean square error (MMSE) finite-impulse response (FIR) decision feedback equalizers (DFEs) with iteration-wise static filters (i.e. iteration variant) is investigated. It has been recently shown that SISO MMSE DFE with dynamic filters (i.e. time-varying) reaches very attractive operating points for high-data rate applications, when compared to alternative turbo-equalizers of the same category, thanks to sequential estimation of data symbols [1]. However the dependence of filters on the feedback incurs high amount of latency and computational costs, hence SISO MMSE DFEs with static filters provide an attractive alternative for computational complexity-performance trade-off. However, the latter category of receivers faces a fundamental design issue on the estimation of the decision feedback reliability for filter computation. To address this issue, a novel approach to decision feedback reliability estimation through online prediction is proposed and applied for SISO FIR DFE with either a posteriori probability (APP) or expectation propagation (EP) based soft feedback. This novel method for filter computation is shown to improve detection performance compared to previously known alternative methods, and finite-length and asymptotic analysis show that DFE with static filters still remains well-suited for high-spectral efficiency applications., 8 pages, 9 figures, paper submitted to IEEE
Published: 2020

27. Time minimal saturation of a pair of spins and application in magnetic resonance imaging

Author: Jérémy Rouot, Thibaut Verron, Bernard Bonnard, Olivier Cots, Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Mathematics for Control, Transport and Applications (McTAO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Algorithmes Parallèles et Optimisation (IRIT-APO), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), EPF [Troyes], Johannes Kepler University Linz [Linz] (JKU), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( IMB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mathematics for Control, Transport and Applications ( McTAO ), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée ( CRISAM ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Johannes Kepler University Linz [linz] ( JKU ), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [ MATH.MATH-OC ] Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], 0209 industrial biotechnology, Control and Optimization, 35L65, 35L45, 90B20, Computer science, Computation, 02 engineering and technology, Geometric optimal control, Shooting and continuation techniques, 01 natural sciences, Gröbner basis, Continuation, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Software, medicine, Applied mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 0101 mathematics, Saturation (magnetic), Spins, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Moment optimization, Applied Mathematics, Direct method, 010102 general mathematics, Magnetic resonance imaging, Contrast imaging in NMR, business
Abstract: In this article, we analyze the time minimal control for the saturation of a pair of spins of the same species but with inhomogeneities of the applied RF-magnetic field, in relation with the contrast problem in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We make a complete analysis based on geometric control to classify the optimal syntheses in the single spin case to pave the road to analyze the case of two spins. The Bocop software is used to determine local minimizers for physical test cases and Linear Matrix Inequalities approach is applied to estimate the global optimal value and validate the previous computations. This is complemented by numerical computations combining shooting and continuation methods implemented in the HamPath software to analyze the structure of the time minimal solution with respect to the set of parameters of the species. Symbolic computations techniques are used to handle the singularity analysis.
Published: 2020

28. Joint frequency domain channel estimation and equalization based on expectation propagation for single carrier transmissions

Author: Serdar Sahin, Charly Poulliat, Antonio Maria Cipriano, Marie-Laure Boucheret, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Thales (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), THALES, Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: Computer science, Detector, Fast Fourier transform, Equalization (audio), 020206 networking & telecommunications, Probability density function, 02 engineering and technology, Expectation propagation, Turbo equalization, Single antenna interference cancellation, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Message passing, Frequency domain, Expectation–maximization algorithm, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Algorithm, joint channel estimation and detection, Communication channel, Block (data storage)
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, a novel category of expectation propagation (EP) based frequency domain (FD) semi-blind receivers are proposed for single-carrier block transmissions. A recently proposed EP-based framework for deriving double-loop turbo detectors is extended to handle joint data-aided channel estimation along with EP-based soft interference cancellation (IC). When addressing this problem in a message passing framework, an unconventional probability density function prevent us from establishing analytical update functions for estimating data and channel estimates. This is solved with variational inference methods, such as mean-field (MF), expectation maximization (EM) or EP, using a three-loop receiver structure with flexible performance-complexity trade-off, thanks to fast Fourier transform (FFT) based processing.
Published: 2020

29. Outlier detection at the parcel-level in wheat and rapeseed crops using multispectral and SAR time series

Author: Florian Mouret, Denis Kouame, Mohanad Albughdadi, Sylvie Duthoit, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Guillaume Rieu, CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, TerraNIS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), TerraNIS (FRANCE), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Synthetic aperture radar, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Multispectral image, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Anomaly detection, 02 engineering and technology, Isolation forest, Unsupervised learning, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Machine Learning (cs.LG), vigor, Statistics - Machine Learning, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, unsupervised, Preprocessor, crop monitoring, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, isolation forest, anomaly detection, heterogeneity, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), Vegetation, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Crop monitoring, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Outlier, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: International audience; This paper studies the detection of anomalous crop development at the parcel-level based on an unsupervised outlier detection technique. The experimental validation is conducted on rapeseed and wheat parcels located in Beauce (France). The proposed methodology consists of four sequential steps: (1) preprocessing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multispectral images acquired using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites, (2) extraction of SAR and multispectral pixel-level features, (3) computation of parcel-level features using zonal statistics and (4) outlier detection. The different types of anomalies that can affect the studied crops are analyzed and described. The different factors that can influence the outlier detection results are investigated with a particular attention devoted to the synergy between Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. Overall, the best performance is obtained when using jointly a selection of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 features with the isolation forest algorithm. The selected features are co-polarized (VV) and cross-polarized (VH) backscattering coefficients for Sentinel-1 and five Vegetation Indexes for Sentinel-2 (among us, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and two variants of the Normalized Difference Water). When using these features with an outlier ratio of 10%, the percentage of detected true positives (i.e., crop anomalies) is equal to 94.1% for rapeseed parcels and 95.5% for wheat parcels.
Published: 2020
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30. A Rao-Blackwellized particle filter with variational inference for state estimation with measurement model uncertainties

Author: Jean-Yves Tourneret, Cheng Cheng, Xiaodong Lu, Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Télécommunications Spatiales et Aéronautiques - Telecommunications for Space ant Aeronautics (TéSA), Laboratoire de recherche coopératif dans les télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques (TESA), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (CHINA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: General Computer Science, Computer science, Rao-blackwellized particle filter, Posterior probability, Inference, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Bayesian inference, Joint state and parameter estimation, Conjugate prior, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, General Materials Science, Auxiliary particle filter, State-space models, Estimation theory, General Engineering, Probabilistic logic, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Nonlinear system, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Particle filter, Variational inference, Algorithm, lcsh:TK1-9971, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; This paper develops a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter with variational inference for jointly estimating state and time-varying parameters in non-linear state-space models (SSM) with non-Gaussian measurement noise. Depending on the availability of the conjugate prior for the unknown parameters, the joint posterior distribution of the state and unknown parameters is approximated by using an auxiliary particle filter with a probabilistic changepoint model. The distribution of the SSM parameters conditionally on each particle is then updated by using variational Bayesian inference. Experiments are first conducted on a modified nonlinear benchmark model to compare the performance of the proposed approach with other state-of-the-art approaches. Finally, in the context of GNSS multipath mitigation, the proposed approach is evaluated based on data obtained from a measurement campaign conducted in a street urban canyon.
Published: 2020

31. EEG-Based Hypo-vigilance Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network

Author: Siwar Chaabene, Amal Boudaya, Bassem Bouaziz, Lotfi Chaari, Anita Hökelmann, Achraf Ammar, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Digital Research Center of Sfax (TUNISIA), Otto Von Guericke Universität Magdeburg - OVGU (GERMANY), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Multimedia, InfoRmation systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion de Sfax (FSEG Sfax), Université de Sfax - University of Sfax-Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Centre de Recherche en Numérique de Sfax (CRNS), Traitement et Compréhension d’Images (IRIT-TCI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Otto-von-Guericke University [Magdeburg] (OVGU)
Subjects: Research areas, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Headset, 02 engineering and technology, Electroencephalography, Convolutional neural network, Article, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Traitement du signal et de l'image, EEG, media_common, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Biomedical signal, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Pattern recognition, Eeg classification, Hypo-vigilance detection, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, CNN, Vigilance (psychology)
Abstract: National audience; Hypo-vigilance detection is becoming an important active research areas in the biomedical signal processing field. For this purpose, electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most common modalities in drowsiness and awakeness detection. In this context, we propose a new EEG classification method for detecting fatigue state. Our method makes use of a and awakeness detection. In this context, we propose a new EEG classification method for detecting fatigue state. Our method makes use of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture. We define an experimental protocol using the Emotiv EPOC+ headset. After that, we evaluate our proposed method on a recorded and annotated dataset. The reported results demonstrate high detection accuracy (93%) and indicate that the proposed method is an efficient alternative for hypo-vigilance detection as compared with other methods.
Published: 2020

32. On a multilevel Levenberg–Marquardt method for the training of artificial neural networks and its application to the solution of partial differential equations

Author: Elisa Riccietti, Xavier Vasseur, Serge Gratton, Henri Calandra, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Total (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), TOTAL-Scientific and Technical Center Jean Féger (CSTJF), TOTAL FINA ELF, Algorithmes Parallèles et Optimisation (IRIT-APO), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Département d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Complexes (DISC), and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)
Subjects: Algebraic multigrid method, Artificial neural network, Control and Optimization, Computer Science::Neural and Evolutionary Computation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 02 engineering and technology, Multilevel optimization method, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], Physics::Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, 01 natural sciences, Quadratic equation, Computer Science::Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Mathématique discrète, Levenberg–Marquardt method, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, 021103 operations research, Partial differential equation, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Training (meteorology), Function (mathematics), Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, Artificial intelligence, business, Software
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we propose a new multilevel Levenberg–Marquardt optimizer for the training of artificial neural networks with quadratic loss function. This setting allows us to get further insight into the potential of multilevel optimization methods. Indeed, when the least squares problem arises from the training of artificial neural networks,the variables subject to optimization are not related by any geometrical constraints and the standard interpolation and restriction operators cannot be employed any longer. A heuristic, inspired by algebraic multigrid methods, is then proposed to construct the multilevel transfer operators. We test the new optimizer on an important application: the approximate solution of partial differential equations by means of artificial neural networks. The learning problem is formulated as a least squares problem, choosing the nonlinear residual of the equation as a loss function, whereas the multilevel method is employed as a training method. Numerical experiments show encouraging results related to the efficiency of the new multilevel optimization method compared to the corresponding one-level procedure in this context.
Published: 2020

33. A Sleep Monitoring Method with EEG Signals

Author: Yessrine Abichou, Lotfi Chaari, Siwar Chaabene, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Digital Research Center of Sfax (TUNISIA), Université de Sfax (TUNISIA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Centre de Recherche en Numérique de Sfax (CRNS), Traitement et Compréhension d’Images (IRIT-TCI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, SVM, Nerve Diseases, 02 engineering and technology, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Signal classification, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Traitement du signal et de l'image, EEG, Modality (human–computer interaction), medicine.diagnostic_test, Sleep monitoring, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, medicine.disease, Sleep in non-human animals, 3. Good health, Signal classifcation, PPPM, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Personalized medicine, business, Sleep disorders prediction
Abstract: National audience; Diagnosis of sleep disorders is still a challenging issue for a large number of nerve diseases. In this sense, EEG is a powerful tool due to its non-invasive and real-time catacteristics. This modality is being more and more used for diagnosis such as for epilepsy. It is also becoming widely used for many redictive, Preventive and Personalized Medicine (PPPM) applications.To understand sleep disorders, we propose a method to classify EEG signals in order to detect abnormal behaviours that could refect a specificmodification of the sleep pattern. Our method consists of extracting the characteristics based on temporal and spectral analyses with different descriptors. A classifcation is then performed based on these features. Validation on a public available database show promizing results withhigh accuracy levels.
Published: 2020

34. Using smart offices to predict occupational stress

Author: Ane Alberdi, Adrian Basarab, Asier Aztiria, Diane J. Cook, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Washington State University (WSU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Mondragon Unibertsitatea (SPAIN), University of Washington (USA), Washington State University - WSU (USA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Smart office, Physiology, Computer science, Applied psychology, Human Factors and Ergonomics, 02 engineering and technology, Stress, Interface homme-machine, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Task (project management), 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Behavior, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Behavioral pattern, Workload, Intelligence artificielle, Automatic assessment, Mental health, Turnover, 8. Economic growth, Presenteeism, Absenteeism, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Occupational stress
Abstract: International audience; Occupational stress is increasingly present in our society. Usually, it is detected too late, resulting in physical and mental health problems for the worker, as well as economic losses for the companies due to the consequent absenteeism, presenteeism, reduced motivation or staff turnover. Therefore, the development of early stress detection systems that allow individuals to take timely action and prevent irreversible damage is required. To address this need, we investigate a method to analyze changes in physiological and behavioral patterns using unobtrusively and ubiquitously gathered smart office data. The goal of this paper is to build models that predict self-assessed stress and mental workload scores, as well as models that predict workload conditions based on physiological and behavior data. Regression models were built for the prediction of the self-reported stress and mental workload scores from data based on real office work settings. Similarly, classification models were employed to detect workload conditions and change in these conditions. Specific algorithms to deal with class-imbalance (SMOTEBoost and RUSBoost) were also tested. Results confirm the predictability of behavioral changes for stress and mental workload levels, as well as for change in workload conditions. Results also suggest that computer-use patterns together with body posture and movements are the best predictors for this purpose. Moreover, the importance of self-reported scores' standardization and the suitability of the NASA Task Load Index test for workload assessment is noticed. This work contributes significantly towards the development of an unobtrusive and ubiquitous early stress detection system in smart office environments, whose implementation in the industrial environment would make a great beneficial impact on workers’ health status and on the economy of companies.
Published: 2018

35. Improved Identity Management with Verifiable Credentials and FIDO

Author: Rémi Venant, Samer Wazan, Romain Laborde, David W. Chadwick, Arnaud Oglaza, Manreet Nijjar, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), University of Kent (UNITED KINGDOM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université Nantes Angers Le Mans - UNAM (FRANCE), Zayed University - ZU (UNITED ARAB EMIRATES), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), University of Kent [Canterbury], Service IntEgration and netwoRk Administration (IRIT-SIERA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Mans (LIUM), Le Mans Université (UM), Zayed University, and Barts Health NHS Trust [London, UK]
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Decentralized control, Authorzation, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Système d'exploitation, Réseaux et télécommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Fingerprint recognition, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Identity management, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Architectures Matérielles, 020204 information systems, Management of Technology and Innovation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Strong authentication, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Protocol (object-oriented programming), Password, Patient monitoring, Authentication, QA76.76, Identity management systems, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Systèmes embarqués, 3. Good health, Mobile handsets, Mobile phone, Medical devices, Verifiable secret sharing, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, [INFO.INFO-OS]Computer Science [cs]/Operating Systems [cs.OS], W3C, Law, computer, Biomedical monitoring
Abstract: International audience; We describe how FIDO and W3C VCs can overcome the problems of existing identity management systems. We describe our conceptual model and architecture, and the protocol we used by extending FIDO's UAF in order to provide both strong authentication and strong authorization. We built a pilot implementation for U.K. NHS patients to validate our implementation. Patients were able to use a mobile phone with a fingerprint reader to access restricted NHS sites in order to make and cancel appointments and order repeat prescription drugs. Our initial user trials with 10 U.K. NHS patients found the system to be easy to use, and fingerprints to be preferable to using usernames and passwords for authentication.
Published: 2019

36. Leveraging utilization as performance metric for CDN enabled energy efficient internet of things

Author: Saiful Islam, Mohsen Guizani, Hasan Ali Khattak, Jean-Marc Pierson, Ikram Ud Din, Mansour Zuair, Ahmad Almogren, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology - CIIT (PAKISTAN), Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (PAKISTAN), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), King Saud University - KSU (SAUDI ARABIA), Qatar University (QATAR), University of Haripur (PAKISTAN), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (Pakistan), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology [Islamabad] (CIIT), Système d’exploitation, systèmes répartis, de l’intergiciel à l’architecture (IRIT-SEPIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), and Qatar University
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Computer science, Dynamic energy, Système d'exploitation, Réseaux et télécommunications, CDN utility, CDN utilization, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Architectures Matérielles, Server, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Authentication, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Condensed Matter Physics, Systèmes embarqués, 0104 chemical sciences, Content distribution, Metric (mathematics), CDN Security, Content Distribution Networks, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, [INFO.INFO-OS]Computer Science [cs]/Operating Systems [cs.OS], business, Internet of Things, Performance metric, Confidentiality, Efficient energy use, Computer network
Abstract: The exponential increase in the Internet of Things (IoT) has drastically augmented the need for computing and storage resources. IoT devices generate massive data that requires to be efficiently stored and disseminated for further processing and decision making. Given this, Content Distribution Networks (CDN) play a vital role to store and serve contents through geographically distributed surrogate servers in an IoT environment. Thanks to the explosive rise in IoT devices, CDN installations are also significantly increasing, hence, consuming a substantial amount of energy. The dynamic energy consumption of CDN resources is proportional to their utilization. Therefore, it is very crucial to design and develop utilization aware policies and strategies for sustainable content distribution. In the literature, different approaches have been proposed to improve the CDN performance by improving CDN utility in terms of security, authentication, and confidentiality, etc. Whereas, these works largely neglect the efficient utilization of CDN resources. In this perspective, this paper investigates the fact that CDN utility does not reflect the utilization of CDN resources. For this purpose, a comprehensive analysis is performed by comparing both metrics - CDN utility and CDN utilization, under various CDN scenarios. The results show that CDN utilization exhibits lower values even if the CDN utility is showing promising results. Hence, we recommend to consider utilization as a major metric to evaluate the performance of a CDN policy. - 2019 Elsevier Ltd The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research,King Saud University for funding through Vice Deanship of Scien-tific Research Chairs. Scopus
Published: 2019

37. An Axially Variant Kernel Imaging Model Applied to Ultrasound Image Reconstruction

Author: Sergiy A. Vorobyov, Denis Kouame, Mihai I. Florea, Adrian Basarab, Aalto University, CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Aalto University (FINLAND), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP), Image formation, Forward model, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Deconvolution, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Imaging, Convolution, Axially varying, Matrix-free, Ultrasound, Point-spread function, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Boundary value problem, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Invariant (mathematics), 010301 acoustics, Circulant matrix, ta213, Ultrasonic imaging, Applied Mathematics, 92C55, Computational modeling, Inverse problem, Modélisation et simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Kernel, Kernel (image processing), Image reconstruction, Signal Processing, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Algorithm
Abstract: International audience; Existing ultrasound deconvolution approaches unrealistically assume, primarily for computational reasons, that the convolution model relies on a spatially invariant kernel and circulant boundary conditions. We discard both restrictions and introduce an image formation model applicable to ultrasound imaging and deconvolution based on an axially varying kernel, which accounts for arbitrary boundary conditions. Our model has the same computational complexity as the one employing spatially invariant convolution and has negligible memory requirements. To accommodate the state-of-the-art deconvolution approaches when applied to a variety of inverse problem formulations, we also provide an equally efficient adjoint expression for our model. Simulation results confirm the tractability of our model for the deconvolution of large images. Moreover, in terms of accuracy metrics, the quality of reconstruction using our model is superior to that obtained using spatially invariant convolution.
Published: 2018

38. Energy monitoring as an essential building block towards sustainable ultrascale systems

Author: Jorge G. Barbosa, Manuel F. Dolz, Marcos Dias De Assuncao, Helen D. Karatza, Ivona Brandic, Jean-Marc Pierson, Georges Da Costa, Francisco Almeida, Ilias Mavridis, Vicente Blanco, Ariel Oleksiak, Anne C. Elster, Anne-Cécile Orgerie, Laurent Lefèvre, Mateusz Jarus, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Algorithms and Software Architectures for Distributed and HPC Platforms (AVALON), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), Departamento de matematica aplicada [Porto] (LIACC), Universidade do Porto, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Système d’exploitation, systèmes répartis, de l’intergiciel à l’architecture (IRIT-SEPIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] (UC3M), Department of Electronic Systems [Trondheim] (IES NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center (PSNC), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Poznan University of Technology (PUT), Design and Implementation of Autonomous Distributed Systems (MYRIADS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Nesus European COST Action IC1305European Commission under contract 288701 through the project CoolEmAlFrench Fonds national pour la Societe Numerique (FSN) XLCloudGrid5000FWF through project Y 904 START-Program 2015, Grid5000, Avalon, Myriads, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Faculdade de Engenharia, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GREECE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rennes - INSA (FRANCE), Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU (NORWAY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center - PSNC (POLAND), Université de Bretagne Sud - UBS (FRANCE), Universität Wien (AUSTRIA), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid - UC3M (SPAIN), Universidad de La Laguna - ULL (SPAIN), Universidade do Porto - UP (PORTUGAL), Université de Rennes 1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires - IRISA (Rennes, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Universidad de La Laguna ( ULL ), Algorithms and Software Architectures for Distributed and HPC Platforms ( AVALON ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme ( LIP ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme ( LIP ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Departamento de matematica aplicada [Porto] ( LIACC ), University of Porto, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] ( TU WIEN ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid], Department of Electronics and Telecommunications [Norwegian University of Science and Technology], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center ( PSNC ), Poznan University of Technology, Design and Implementation of Autonomous Distributed Systems ( MYRIADS ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE ( IRISA_D1 ), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: Ultra large-scale systems, Monitoring, General Computer Science, Computer science, [ INFO.INFO-NI ] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 020209 energy, energy-efficiency, Big data, Ultra-large-scale systems, Système d'exploitation, Réseaux et télécommunications, Engenharia electrotécnica, electrónica e informática [Ciências da engenharia e tecnologias], 02 engineering and technology, Bottleneck, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [ INFO.INFO-DC ] Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Architectures Matérielles, Computer engineering, Electrical engineering, Electronic engineering, Information engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, energy-awareness, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Simulation, Block (data storage), Energy-efficiency, business.industry, Information and Computer Science, Systèmes embarqués, Electrical engineering, Electronic engineering, Information engineering [Engineering and technology], monitoring, Engenharia de computadores, Engenharia electrotécnica, electrónica e informática, Risk analysis (engineering), Information technology management, Sustainability, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], business, Energy-awareness, Efficient energy use
Abstract: International audience; An Ultrascale System (USS) joins parallel and distributed computing systems that will be two to three orders of magnitude larger than today's infrastructure regarding scale, performance, the number of components and their complexity. For such systems to become a reality, however, advances must be made in High Performance Computing (HPC), large-scale distributed systems, and big data solutions, also tackling challenges such as improving the energy efficiency of the IT infrastructure. Monitoring the power consumed by underlying IT resources is essential towards optimising the manner IT resources are used and hence improve the sustainability of such systems. Nevertheless, monitoring the energy consumed by USSs is a challenging endeavour as the system can comprise thousands of heterogeneous server resources spanning multiple data centres. Moreover, the amount of monitoring data, its gathering, and processing , should never become a bottleneck nor profoundly impact the energy efficiency of the overall system. This work surveys state of the art on energy monitoring of large-scale systems and methodologies for monitoring the power consumed by large systems and discusses some of the challenges to be addressed towards monitoring and improving the energy efficiency of USSs. Next, we present efforts made on designing monitoring solutions. Finally, we discuss potential gaps in existing solutions when tackling emerging large-scale monitoring scenarios and present some directions for future research on the topic.
Published: 2018

39. Normal Integration: A Survey

Author: Yvain Quéau, Jean-Denis Durou, Jean-François Aujol, Real Expression Artificial Life (IRIT-REVA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Technische Universität München - TUM (GERMANY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Statistics and Probability, Mathematical optimization, Gradient field, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Integration, Boundary (topology), integration, 02 engineering and technology, Classification of discontinuities, normal field, Image (mathematics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Boundary value problem, Mathematics, 3D-reconstruction, Applied Mathematics, 3D reconstruction, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 020207 software engineering, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Condensed Matter Physics, Photometric stereo, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Modeling and Simulation, Graph (abstract data type), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Normal field, gradient field, Geometry and Topology, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Focus (optics), [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithm
Abstract: International audience; The need for efficient normal integration methods is driven by several computer vision tasks such as shape-from-shading, photometric stereo, deflectometry. In the first part of this survey, we select the most important properties that one may expect from a normal integration method, based on a thorough study of two pioneering works by Horn and rooks (Comput Vis Graph Image Process 33(2): 174-208, 1986) and Frankot and Chellappa (IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 10(4): 439-451, 1988). Apart from accuracy, an integration method should at least be fast and robust to a noisy normal field. In addition, it should be able to handle several types of boundary condition, including the case of a free boundary and a reconstruction domain of any shape, i.e., which is not necessarily rectangular. It is also much appreciated that a minimum number of parameters have to be tuned, or even no parameter at all. Finally, it should preserve the depth discontinuities. In the second part of this survey, we review most of the existing methods in view of this analysis and conclude that none of them satisfies all of the required properties. This work is complemented by a companion paper entitled Variational Methods for Normal Integration, in which we focus on the problem of normal integration in the presence of depth discontinuities, a problem which occurs as soon as there are occlusions.
Published: 2017

40. A dedicated approach for model composition traceability

Author: Bernard Coulette, Adil Anwar, Mahmoud Nassar, Youness Laghouaouta, Université Mohammed V, Smart Modeling for softw@re Research and Technology (IRIT-SM@RT), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université Mohammed V-Rabat - UM5 (MOROCCO), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Traceability, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], 02 engineering and technology, Tracing, Interface homme-machine, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Architectures Matérielles, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Génie logiciel, Quality (business), Relevance (information retrieval), [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Software system, Model composition, media_common, computer.programming_language, business.industry, 020207 software engineering, Modélisation et simulation, Systèmes embarqués, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Model traceability, Graph transformations, Computer Science Applications, NFR framework, Scalability, Cryptographie et sécurité, Systems engineering, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Model-driven architecture, Software engineering, business, Aspect-oriented modeling, computer, Software, Information Systems
Abstract: International audience; Context: Software systems are often too complex to be expressed by a single model. Recognizing this, the Model Driven Engineering (MDE) proposes multi-modeling approaches to allow developers to describe a system from different perspectives. In this context, model composition has become important since the combination of those partial representations is inevitable. Nevertheless, no approach has been defined for keeping track of the composition effects, and this operation has been overshadowed by model transformations. Objective: This paper presents a traceability approach dedicated to the composition of models. Two aspects of quality are considered: producing relevant traces; and dealing with scalability. Method: The composition of softgoal trees has been selected to motivate the need for tracing the composition of models and to illustrate our approach. The base principle is to augment the specification of the composition with the behavior needed to generate the expected composed model accompanied with a trace model. This latter includes traces of the execution details. For that, traceability is considered as a crosscutting concern and encapsulated in an aspect. As part of the proposal, an Eclipse plug-in has been implemented as a tool support. Besides, a comparative experiment has been conducted to assess the traces relevance. We also used the regression method to validate the scalability of the tool support. Results: Our experiments show that the proposed approach allows generating relevant traces. In addition, the obtained results reveal that tracing a growing number of elements causes an acceptable increase of response time.Conclusion: This paper presents a traceability approach dedicated to the composition of models and its application to softgoal trees. The experiment results reveal that our proposal considers the composition specificities for producing valuable traceability information while supporting scalability.
Published: 2017

41. Using inconsistency measures for estimating reliability

Author: Jean-Marc Thévenin, Laurence Cholvy, Laurent Perrussel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Toulouse], ONERA, Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Preferences elicitation, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Inconsistency, computer.software_genre, Theoretical Computer Science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Artificial Intelligence, LOGIC, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Quality (business), [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], 030212 general & internal medicine, Set (psychology), Reliability (statistics), media_common, Mathematics, Logique en informatique, Representation theorem, Applied Mathematics, Preorder, Informatique et langage, Intelligence artificielle, Apprentissage, INCONSISTENCY, INFORMATIONS SOURCES, Risk analysis (engineering), Ranking, Logic - Reliability assessment, RELIABILITY, Key (cryptography), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, computer, Software
Abstract: International audience; Any decision taken by an agent requires some knowledge of its environment. Communication with other agents is a key issue for assessing the overall quality of its own knowledge. This assessment is a challenge itself as the agent may receive information from unknown agents. The aim of this paper is to propose a framework for assessing the reliability of unknown agents based on communication. We assume that information is represented through logical statements and logical inconsistency is the underlying notion of reliability assessment. In our context, assessing consists of ranking the agents and representing reliability through a total preorder.The overall communication set is first evaluated with the help of inconsistency measures. Next, the measures are used for assessing the contribution of each agent to the overall inconsistency of the communication set. After stating the postulates specifying the expected properties of the reliability preorder, we show through a representation theorem how these postulates and the contribution of the agent are interwoven. We also detail how the properties of the inconsistency measures influence the properties of the contribution assessment. Finally we describe how to aggregate different reliability preorders, each of them may be based on different inconsistency measures.; Cet article présente une méthode pour calculer la fiabilité relative de sources d'informations. En se basant sur les degrés d'inconsistance des informations rapportées par les agents, on définit la contribution de chaque agent dans l'inconsistance. Après avoir listé des postulats spécifiant les propriétés attendues d'un pré-ordre de fiabilité, on établit un théorème de représentation qui relie les postulats à cette fonction de contribution. Enfin, on décrit comment agréger différents pré-ordres de fiabilité.
Published: 2017

42. Spatio-temporal thermal-aware scheduling for homogeneous high-performance computing datacenters

Author: Patricia Stolf, Hongyang Sun, Jean-Marc Pierson, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Optimisation des ressources : modèles, algorithmes et ordonnancement (ROMA), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Système d’exploitation, systèmes répartis, de l’intergiciel à l’architecture (IRIT-SEPIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), ANR-10-LABX-0070,MILYON,Community of mathematics and fundamental computer science in Lyon(2010), European Project: 288701,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-7,COOLEMALL(2011), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon - ENS de Lyon (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Distributed computing, Système d'exploitation, Réseaux et télécommunications, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 02 engineering and technology, Scheduling (computing), Spatio-temporal correlation, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Architectures Matérielles, Server, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Resource management, DVFS, Frequency scaling, HPC datacenters, 020203 distributed computing, Makespan, Job shop scheduling, Heuristic, Energy consumption, Thermal model, Supercomputer, Systèmes embarqués, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Hardware and Architecture, Homogeneous, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Software, Thermal-aware scheduling
Abstract: Datacenters have become an important part of todays computing infrastructure. Recent studies have shown the increasing importance of thermal considerations to achieve effective resource management. In this paper, we study thermal-aware scheduling for homogeneous high-performance computing (HPC) datacenters under a thermal model that captures both spatial and temporal correlations of the temperature evolution. We propose an online scheduling heuristic to minimize the makespan for a set of HPC applications subject to a thermal constraint. The heuristic leverages the novel notion of thermal-aware load to perform both job assignment and thermal management. To respect the temperature constraint, which is governed by a complex spatio-temporal thermal correlation, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is used to regulate the job executions during runtime while dynamically balancing the loads of the servers to improve makespan. Extensive simulations are conducted based on an experimentally validated datacenter configuration and realistic parameter settings. The results show improved performance of the proposed heuristic compared to existing solutions in the literature, and demonstrate the importance of both spatial and temporal considerations. In contrast to some scheduling problems, where DVFS introduces performanceenergy tradeoffs, our findings reveal the benefit of applying DVFS with both performance and energy gains in the context of spatio-temporal thermal-aware scheduling. Thermal model capturing both spatial and temporal temperature correlations in datacenters.Formulation of a spatio-temporal thermal-aware scheduling problem for HPC applications.Scheduling heuristic using thermal-aware load for job assignment and thermal management.Simulations to show the effectiveness of heuristic under a wide range of parameters.
Published: 2017

43. Making the field of computing more inclusive

Author: John \\'Scooter\\' Morris, Tovi Grossman, Jonathan Lazar, Gerrit C. van der Veer, Jennifer Mankoff, Elizabeth F. Churchill, Philippe Palanque, Towson University [Towson, MD, United States], University of Maryland System, Google Inc., Autodesk Research, University of Twente [Netherlands], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Open University of the Netherlands [Heerlen], Dalian Maritime University, Luxun Academy of Fine Arts - LAFA (Shenyang, Chine), Luxun Academy of Fine Arts (Shenyang) (LAFA), Interactive Critical Systems (IRIT-ICS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Dalian Maritime University - DMU (CHINA), Google Inc. (USA), Luxun Academy of Fine Arts - LAFA (CHINA), Open Universiteit - OU (NETHERLANDS), University of California, San Francisco - UCSF (USA), University of Twente (NETHERLANDS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( VU ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of California [San Francisco] ( UCSF ), Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] ( CMU ), Software and Sustainability (S2), Network Institute, Software & Services, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], [ INFO.INFO-MO ] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, SDG 16 - Peace, General Computer Science, Computer science, [ INFO.INFO-CR ] Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], [ INFO.INFO-SE ] Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], Interface homme-machine, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Lead (geology), [ INFO.INFO-HC ] Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Human–computer interaction, Architectures Matérielles, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Génie logiciel, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [ INFO.INFO-ES ] Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], 050107 human factors, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, Field (Bourdieu), 05 social sciences, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Modélisation et simulation, Accessibility, Systèmes embarqués, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Justice and Strong Institutions, Emerging technologies, Human-centered computing, Cryptographie et sécurité, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, [ INFO.INFO-AR ] Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR]
Abstract: People with disabilities are a potential source of ideas and additional membership for professional computing organizations. Including people with disabilities in the decision-making processes of professional computing organizations ensures the most important barriers are addressed first. SIGCHI is one of ACM's largest special interest groups, with approximately 3,500 members as of 2016. SIGCHI has three goals, underscore the importance of stakeholder engagement; offer broad suggestions for how large SIGs can improve the inclusiveness of physical events and digital content; and underscore that addressing physical and digital accessibility is an ongoing process that takes time, with involvement of many stakeholders. These stakeholders must work together to drive the creation of acceptable and accepted guidelines and resources, find individuals with expertise to work in an advisory capacity, and find volunteers to implement effective strategies and provide feedback regarding the policies and guidelines in action. SIGCHI's hope is that SIGCHI will be a community that is perceived as welcoming for all researchers and practitioners with disabilities. Large SIGs, when they educate others about digital and physical accessibility, can have significant influence on the conference locations they rent and the universities and companies that employ their members. ACM has a leading role to play by ensuring all SIGs strive to be inclusive and by thus being a role model for other professional associations. The best way to handle such responsibility would ultimately be to ensure there are professional staff supporting and centralizing the most vital accessibility needs and accessibility is included in contractual relationships.
Published: 2017

44. Fast and accurate surface normal integration on non-rectangular domains

Author: Ali Sharifi Boroujerdi, Yvain Quéau, Martin Bähr, Michael Breuß, Jean-Denis Durou, Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Real Expression Artificial Life (IRIT-REVA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg - BTU (GERMANY), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Mathematical optimization, Photometric stereo, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Fast marching method, 68U10, Preconditioning, 02 engineering and technology, Conjugate gradient method, lcsh:QA75.5-76.95, Computational science, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Poisson integration, Traitement des images, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Robustness (computer science), preconditioning, FOS: Mathematics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Conjugate residual method, Traitement du signal et de l'image, 3D reconstruction, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle, fast marching method, Mathematics, Computer Science - Numerical Analysis, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 020207 software engineering, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Krylov subspace, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Solver, Intelligence artificielle, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Surface normal integration, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], conjugate gradient method, Krylov subspace methods, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science, surface normal integration
Abstract: The integration of surface normals for the purpose of computing the shape of a surface in 3D space is a classic problem in computer vision. However, even nowadays it is still a challenging task to devise a method that combines the flexibility to work on non-trivial computational domains with high accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency. By uniting a classic approach for surface normal integration with modern computational techniques we construct a solver that fulfils these requirements. Building upon the Poisson integration model we propose to use an iterative Krylov subspace solver as a core step in tackling the task. While such a method can be very efficient, it may only show its full potential when combined with a suitable numerical preconditioning and a problem-specific initialisation. We perform a thorough numerical study in order to identify an appropriate preconditioner for our purpose. To address the issue of a suitable initialisation we propose to compute this initial state via a recently developed fast marching integrator. Detailed numerical experiments illuminate the benefits of this novel combination. In addition, we show on real-world photometric stereo datasets that the developed numerical framework is flexible enough to tackle modern computer vision applications.
Published: 2017

45. Binarisation for Valued Constraint Satisfaction Problems

Author: Peter Jeavons, Robert Powell, Stanislav Zivny, David Cohen, Andrei Krokhin, Martin C. Cooper, University of London [London], Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), University of Oxford [Oxford], Durham University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Durham University (UNITED KINGDOM), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of London (UNITED KINGDOM), University of Oxford (UNITED KINGDOM), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Fractional polymorphisms, Reduction (recursion theory), Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM), Computational complexity theory, General Mathematics, Binary number, 0102 computer and information sciences, Computational Complexity (cs.CC), Computer Science::Computational Complexity, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Combinatorics, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Discrete optimization, 0101 mathematics, Constraint satisfaction problem, Mathematics, Logique en informatique, Discrete mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Valued constraint satisfaction problems, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Informatique et langage, Digraph, Intelligence artificielle, Apprentissage, 08A70, 68Q25, Constraint (information theory), Computer Science - Computational Complexity, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Homomorphism, Polymorphisms, Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics
Abstract: We study methods for transforming valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSPs) to binary VCSPs. First, we show that the standard dual encoding preserves many aspects of the algebraic properties that capture the computational complexity of VCSPs. Second, we extend the reduction of CSPs to binary CSPs described by Bulin et al. [LMCS'15] to VCSPs. This reduction establishes that VCSPs over a fixed valued constraint language are polynomial-time equivalent to Minimum-Cost Homomorphism Problems over a fixed digraph., Subsumes 1507.01776
Published: 2017

46. Towards proxemic mobile collocated interactions

Author: Marcos Serrano, Andrés Lucero, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Aalto University (FINLAND), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Aalto University, Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Design, Department of Media, Aalto-yliopisto, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, Handheld Devices, Internet privacy, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Co-Located Interaction, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Multi-user, Interface homme-machine, Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC), In-The-Wild Study, Proxemics, Dinner table, Multi-User, Tourist attraction, Multi device, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Multi-Device, 050107 human factors, H.5.m, business.industry, 05 social sciences, 020207 software engineering, ta6132, Collaboration, Human-Computer Interaction, Collocation, business, Mobile collocated interactions, Mobile device
Abstract: Research on mobile collocated interactions has been exploring situations where collocated users engage in collaborative activities using their personal mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets), thus going from personal/individual toward shared/multiuser experiences and interactions. The proliferation of ever-smaller computers that can be worn on our wrists (e.g., Apple Watch) and other parts of the body (e.g., Google Glass), have expanded the possibilities and increased the complexity of interaction in what we term mobile collocated situations. Research on F-formations (or facing formations) has been conducted in traditional settings (e.g., home, office, parties) where the context and the presence of physical elements (e.g., furniture) can strongly influence the way people socially interact with each other. While we may be aware of how people arrange themselves spatially and interact with each other at a dinner table, in a classroom, or at a waiting room in a hospital, there are other less-structured, dynamic, and larger-scale spaces that present different types of challenges and opportunities for technology to enrich how people experience these (semi-) public spaces. In this article, the authors explore proxemic mobile collocated interactions by looking at F-formations in the wild. They discuss recent efforts to observe how people socially interact in dynamic, unstructured, non-traditional settings. The authors also report the results of exploratory F-formation observations conducted in the wild (i.e., tourist attraction)., Comment: 10 pages
Published: 2017

47. Estimating Missing Environmental Information by Contextual Data Cooperation

Author: Marie-Pierre Gleizes, Valérie Camps, Davide Andrea Guastella, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Università degli studi di Palermo (ITALY), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Smart city, Computer science, Cooperative multi-agent systems, 02 engineering and technology, Energy consumption, Système multi-agents, Complex network, 7. Clean energy, Data science, Contextual design, 13. Climate action, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], 020204 information systems, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Smart environment, Missing information estimation
Abstract: International audience; The quality of life of users and energy consumption could be optimized by a complex network of sensors. Nevertheless, smart environments depend on their size, so it is expensive to provide enough sensors at low cost to monitor each part of the environment. We propose a cooperative multi-agent solution to estimate missing environmental information in smart environment when no sensors are available. We evaluated our proposal on a real dataset and compared the results to standard state-of-the-art solutions.
Published: 2019

48. Study on epileptic seizure detection in EEG signals using largest Lyapunov exponents and logistic regression

Author: Quintero Rincón, Antonio, Flugelman, Máximo, Prendes, Jorge, D'Giano, Carlos, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia - FLENI (ARGENTINA), Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires - ITBA (ARGENTINA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia [Buenos Aires] (FLENI), FLENI, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Traitement et Compréhension d’Images (IRIT-TCI)
Subjects: Filter Banks, Epilepsy, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Largest Lyapunov exponents, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Logistic Regression, ICA, EEG, Wavelets, Imagerie médicale
Abstract: National audience; Seizure detection plays a central role in most aspects of epilepsy care. Understanding the complex epileptic signals system is a typical problem in electroencephalographic (EEG) signal processing. This problem requires different analysis to reveal the underlying behavior of EEG signals. An example of this is the non-linear dynamic: mathematical tools applied to biomedical problems with the purpose of extracting features or quantifying EEG data. In this work, we studied epileptic seizure detection independently in each brain rhythms from a multilevel 1D wavelet decomposition followed by the independent component analysis (ICA) representation of multivariate EEG signals. Next, the largest Lyapunov exponents (LLE) and their scaling given by its ± standard deviation are estimated in order to obtain the vectors to be used during the training and classification stage. With this information, a logistic regression classification is proposed with the aim of discriminating between seizure and non-seizure. Preliminary experiments with 99 epileptic events suggest that the proposed methodology is a powerful tool for detecting seizures in epileptic signals in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.
Published: 2019

49. A Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method for multi-criteria decision-making problems

Author: Morteza Yazdani, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Pascale Zaraté, Zenonas Turskis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Universidad Loyola (SPAIN), Vilnius Gediminas Technical University - VGTU (LITHUANIA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
Subjects: Flexibility (engineering), Mathematical optimization, Measure (data warehouse), Théorie de l'information, Computer science, Process (engineering), Supply chain, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management Science and Operations Research, Multiple-criteria decision analysis, 01 natural sciences, General Business, Management and Accounting, Gestion et management, Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), Ranking, [INFO.INFO-IT]Computer Science [cs]/Information Theory [cs.IT], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Multiplication, Sensitivity (control systems), Combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the advantage of a combinatory methodology presented in this study. The paper suggests that the comparison with results of previously developed methods is in high agreement.Design/methodology/approachThis paper introduces a combined compromise decision-making algorithm with the aid of some aggregation strategies. The authors have considered a distance measure, which originates from grey relational coefficient and targets to enhance the flexibility of the results. Hence, the weight of the alternatives is placed in the decision-making process with three equations. In the final stage, an aggregated multiplication rule is employed to release the ranking of the alternatives and end the decision process.FindingsThe authors described a real case of choosing logistics and transportation companies in France from a supply chain project. Some comparisons such as sensitivity analysis approach and comparing to other studies and methods provided to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.Originality/valueThe algorithm has a unique structure among MCDM methods which is presented for the first time in this paper.
Published: 2019

50. 3D Node Deployment Strategies Prediction in Wireless Sensors Network

Author: Nejah Nasri, Thierry Val, Sami Mnasri, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax - ENIS (TUNISIA), Université de Sfax (TUNISIA), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Réseaux, Mobiles, Embarqués, Sans fil, Satellites (IRIT-RMESS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Optimization, Node deployment, Coverage, Computer science, Distributed computing, Système d'exploitation, 02 engineering and technology, Design objective, Indoor Environments, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Wireless, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Focus (computing), Connectivity, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Ranging, 15. Life on land, Systèmes embarqués, Variety (cybernetics), Energy consumption, Software deployment, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, [INFO.INFO-OS]Computer Science [cs]/Operating Systems [cs.OS], Wireless Sensor Networks, business, Wireless sensor network
Abstract: International audience; 3D Deployment represents a fundamental role in setting up an efficient wireless sensor network (WSNs) and IoT network. In general, WSN are widely used in a variety of applications ranging from monitoring a smart house to monitoring forest fires with parachuted sensors. In this paper, we focus on planned 3D deployment, which the sensor nodes must be accurately positioned at predetermined locations to optimize one or more design objectives under some given constraints. The purpose of planned deployment is to determine the type, number, and locations of nodes to optimize coverage, connectivity and network lifetime. There have been a large number of studies, which proposed algorithms for solving the premeditated 3D deployment problem. The objective of this paper is twofold. The first one is to present the complexity of 3D deployment and then detail the types of sensors, objectives, applications and recent research that concerns the strategy used to solve this problem. The second one is to present a comparative survey between recent optimization approaches used to resolve the deployment problem in WSN. Based on our extensive review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of each proposed solutions and compare them in terms of the WSN design factors.
Published: 2019

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