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1,361 results on '"Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF)"'

1. High permittivity processed SrTiO3 for metamaterials applications at terahertz frequencies

Author: Eric Akmansoy, Jean-François Roux, Jean-Pierre Ganne, Cyrielle Dupas, Aloyse Degiron, Matthieu Baillergeau, Thierry Chartier, Simon Marcellin, Juliette Mangeney, Sophie Guillemet-Fritsch, Pierre-Marie Geffroy, IRCER - Axe 1 : procédés céramiques (IRCER-AXE1), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Université de Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Thales (FRANCE), Université de Limoges - UNILIM (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris (FRANCE), Université de Savoie Mont Blanc - USMB (FRANCE), Université Paris-Sud 11 (FRANCE), Institut d’Électronique Fondamentale - IEF (Paris, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Permittivity, Materials science, Terahertz radiation, Matériaux, lcsh:Medicine, Sintering, Spark plasma sintering, 02 engineering and technology, Terahertz frequencies, Low frequency, 01 natural sciences, Metamaterial, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Ceramic, lcsh:Science, 010306 general physics, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Optoelectronics, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, business, Single crystal
Abstract: High permittivity SrTiO3 for the realization of all-dielectric metamaterials operating at terahertz frequencies was fabricated. A comparison of different processing methods demonstrates that Spark Plasma Sintering is the most effective sintering process to yield high density ceramic with high permittivity. We compare this sintering process with two other processes. The fabricated samples are characterized in the low frequency and in the terahertz frequency ranges. Their relative permittivities are compared with that of a reference SrTiO3 single crystal. The permittivity of the sample fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering is as high as that of the single crystal. The role of the signal-to-noise ratio in the measurements at terahertz frequency is detailed.
Published: 2018

2. Mid-IR integrated cavity based on Ge-rich graded SiGe waveguides with lateral Bragg grating

Author: Qiankun Liu, Joan Manel Ramirez, Vladyslav Vakarin, Jacopo Frigerio, Andrea Ballabio, Xavier Le Roux, Carlos Alonso-Ramos, Laurent Vivien, Giovanni Isella, Delphine Marris-Morini, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 639107,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,INsPIRE(2015), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] ( C2N ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Project : 639107,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,INsPIRE ( 2015 ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: germanium, midinfrared, silicon photonics, Silicon photonics, Materials science, silicon photonics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Sensing applications, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, germanium, chemistry, Fiber Bragg grating, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, [ SPI.OPTI ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, midinfrared, business
Abstract: International audience; We report the design of a Bragg-mirror based Fabry-Perot cavity integrated on SiGe waveguides working at 7.25 µm. The demonstration of such resonant structures will be a major step forward for sensing applications in mid-infrared.
Published: 2018

3. Magnetoplasmonic nanograting geometry enables optical nonreciprocity sign control

Author: J. Ben Youssef, Kamil Postava, Mathias Vanwolleghem, Jaromír Pištora, François Vaurette, Lukáš Halagačka, Beatrice Dagens, Technical University of Ostrava [Ostrava] (VSB), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Photonique THz - IEMN (PHOTONIQ THz - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN (CMNF-IEMN), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund in the IT4Innovations national supercomputing center -path to exascale project, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001791 within the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by the French RENATECH network and by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (Project 18-22102S)., Renatech Network, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Photonique THz - IEMN [PHOTONIQUE THz - IEMN], Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN [CMNF - IEMN], Laboratoire de magnétisme de Bretagne [LMB], Institut d'électronique fondamentale [IEF], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Laboratoire de magnétisme de Bretagne (LMB), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Nanotechnology Centre, Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photonique THz - IEMN (PHOTONIQUE THz - IEMN), Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN (CMNF - IEMN), and École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: Kerr effect, Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Grating, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Wavelength, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Reflection (mathematics), Optics, Ellipsometry, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Mueller calculus, 0210 nano-technology, business, Phase conjugation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate a disruptive approach to control magnetooptical nonreciprocal effects. It has been known that the combination of a magneto-optically (MO) active substrate and extraordinary transmission (EOT) effects through deep-subwavelength nanoslits of a noble metal grating, leads to giant enhancements of the magnitude of the MO effects that would normally be obtained on just the bar substrate. This was demonstrated both in the transmission configuration, where the OET is directly observed, as well as in reflection configuration, where an increase of a transmitted power results in a decrease in reflected power. We show here that even more than just an enhancement, the MO effects can also undergo a sign reversal by achieving a hybridization of the different types of resonances at play in these EOT nanogratings. By tuning the geometrical profile of the grating's slits, one can engineer - for a fixed wavelength and fixed magnetization - the transverse MO Kerr effect (TMOKE) reflectivity of such a magnetoplasmonic system to be enhanced, extinguished or inversely enhanced. We have fabricated gold gratings with varying nanoslit widths on a Bi-substituted gadolinium iron garnet and experimentally confirmed such a behavior using a customized magneto-optic Mueller matrix ellipsometer. This demonstration allows new design paradigms for integrated nonreciprocal circuits and biochemical sensors with increased sensitivity and reduced footprint. Web of Science 26 24 31566 31554
Published: 2018

4. Origins of spectral broadening of incoherent waves: Catastrophic process of coherence degradation

Author: Antonio Picozzi, Alexandre Kudlinski, Benno Rumpf, Pierre Suret, Gang Xu, Adrien Fusaro, Josselin Garnier, Stéphane Randoux, Guy Millot, Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique ( CMAP ), École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Matériaux, Procédés et Technologie des Composites, Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique ( GeM ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 ( PhLAM ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Spectronomie Moléculaire ( SMIL ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( LICB ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'Université de Bourgogne (LPUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale [IEF], Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux [SISYPHE], Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 [PhLAM], Laboratoire de Physique de l'Université de Bourgogne [LPUB], Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [ICB], Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS), Wake, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, Optics, [ MATH.MATH-AP ] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 0103 physical sciences, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons, Computational physics, Supercontinuum, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], symbols, business, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), [ MATH.MATH-PR ] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Doppler broadening, Coherence (physics)
Abstract: We revisit the mechanisms underlying the process of spectral broadening of incoherent optical waves propagating in nonlinear media on the basis of nonequilibrium thermodynamic considerations. A simple analysis reveals that a prerequisite for the existence of a significant spectral broadening of the waves is that the linear part of the energy (Hamiltonian) has different contributions of opposite signs. It turns out that, at variance with the expected soliton turbulence scenario, an increase of the amount of disorder (incoherence) in the system does not require the generation of a coherent soliton structure. We illustrate the idea by considering the propagation of two wave components in an optical fiber with opposite dispersion coefficients. A wave turbulence approach of the problem reveals that the increase of kinetic energy in one component is offset by the negative reduction in the other component, so that the waves exhibit, as a general rule, a virtually unlimited spectral broadening. More precisely, a self-similar solution of the kinetic equations reveals that the spectra of the incoherent waves tend to relax toward a homogeneous distribution in the wake of a front that propagates in frequency space with a decelerating velocity. We discuss this catastrophic process of spectral broadening in the light of different important phenomena, in particular supercontinuum generation, soliton turbulence, wave condensation, and the runaway motion of mechanical systems composed of positive and negative masses.
Published: 2017

5. Nonlinear Properties of Ge-rich Si1-xGexMaterials with Different Ge Concentrations

Author: Serna, Samuel, Vakarin, Vladyslav, Ramirez, Joan-Manel, Frigerio, Jacopo, Ballabio, Andrea, Le Roux, Xavier, Vivien, Laurent, Isella, Giovanni, Cassan, Eric, Dubreuil, Nicolas, Marris-Morini, Delphine, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Manolia, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), L-NESS, TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Politecn Milan, L NESS, Dipartimento Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy, Laboratoire Charles Fabry ( LCF ), Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] ( C2N ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:R, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Silicon photonics, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, [ SPI.OPTI ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, lcsh:Science, Non linear optics, Article, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Silicon photonics is a large volume and large scale integration platform for applications from long-haul optical telecommunications to intra-chip interconnects. Extension to the mid-IR wavelength range is now largely investigated, mainly driven by absorption spectroscopy applications. Germanium (Ge) is particularly compelling as it has a broad transparency window up to 15 µm and a much higher third-order nonlinear coefficient than silicon which is very promising for the demonstration of efficient non-linear optics based active devices. Si1−xGex alloys have been recently studied due to their ability to fine-tune the bandgap and refractive index. The material nonlinearities are very sensitive to any modification of the energy bands, so Si1−xGex alloys are particularly interesting for nonlinear device engineering. We report on the first third order nonlinear experimental characterization of Ge-rich Si1−xGex waveguides, with Ge concentrations x ranging from 0.7 to 0.9. The characterization performed at 1580 nm is compared with theoretical models and a discussion about the prediction of the nonlinear properties in the mid-IR is introduced. These results will provide helpful insights to assist the design of nonlinear integrated optical based devices in both the near- and mid-IR wavelength ranges.
Published: 2017

6. Hybrid surface plasmon modes in metallic nanostructures: Complete numerical analysis and application to biosensing (orale)

Author: Sarkar , Mitradeep, Bryche , Jean-François, Gillibert , Raymond, Moreau , Julien, Besbes , Mondher, Olivéro , Aurore, Barbillon , Gregory, Bartenlian , Bernard, Lamy De La Chapelle , Marc, Canva , Michael, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Biophotonique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry ( LCF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques ( CSPBAT ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), HORIBA Scientific [France], Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Lasers, Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes ( LN2 ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon ( CPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2 ), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

7. Silicon photonics : generation of entangled photon pairs

Author: Traetta , M., Bentivegna , M., Kaiser , F., Aktas , D., Zhang , W., Ramos , C. Alonso, Bin-Ngah , L.A., Mazeas , F., Lunghi , T., Roux , X. Le, Cassan , E., Marris-Morini , D., Vivien , L., Labonté , Laurent, Tanzilli , Sébastien, Laboratoire de physique de la matière condensée ( LPMC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ), Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione [Bologna] ( DISI ), Università di Bologna [Bologna] ( UNIBO ), Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique de la matière condensée (LPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione [Bologna] (DISI), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [ PHYS.QPHY ] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], TheoryofComputation_GENERAL
Abstract: International audience; We will discuss a novel entangled photon pair source based on an on-chip silicon ring resonator, enabling the distribution of wavelength multiplexed quantum information in standard telecommunication channels. This source opens the route towards out-of-the laboratory quantum cryptography systems showing augmented bit rates.
Published: 2016

8. Plasmonic Enhancement by a Continuous Gold Underlayer: Application to SERS Sensing

Author: Jean-François Bryche, Philippe Gogol, Grégory Barbillon, Marc Lamy de la Chapelle, Michael Canva, Bernard Bartenlian, Raymond Gillibert, Julien Moreau, Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Biophotonique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HORIBA Europe Research Center [Palaiseau] (Horiba), HORIBA Scientific [France], Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2 ), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-12-NANO-0016,PIRANEX,Instriumentation bimodale pour la détection et l'identification de biomolécules par imagerie plasmonique et spectroscopie Raman amplifiées par nanostructuration(2012), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Charles Fabry ( LCF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques ( CSPBAT ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), HORIBA Europe Research Center [Palaiseau] ( Horiba ), Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes ( LN2 ), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon ( CPE ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), and ANR-12-NANO-0016,PIRANEX,Instriumentation bimodale pour la détection et l'identification de biomolécules par imagerie plasmonique et spectroscopie Raman amplifiées par nanostructuration ( 2012 )
Subjects: Nanostructure, Materials science, Biophysics, SPR, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, symbols.namesake, Surface plasmon resonance, Plasmon, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], SERS, Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Wavelength, Biosensors, symbols, Plasmonics, 0210 nano-technology, Biosensor, Raman scattering, Order of magnitude, Excitation, Biotechnology, Nanostructuration
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we report on an improved enhancement of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. Such improvement is obtained by using a continuous gold film (underlayer), which is added below an array of gold nanostructures. Two types of nanostructures were studied to validate our results: regular disk arrays with two diameters (110 and 210 nm) and lines with a width of 110 nm, all on a gold film of 30 nm thick. A supplementary gain of one order of magnitude on the SERS enhancement factor (EF) was experimentally demonstrated for several excitation wavelengths: 633, 660, and 785 nm. With such SERS substrates, EFs of 10 7 are observed for thiophenol detection. This opens the way towards routine and reliable detection of molecules at low concentration.
Published: 2016

9. Density effect of gold nanodisks on the SERS intensity for a highly sensitive detection of chemical molecules

Author: Michael Canva, Jean-François Bryche, Grégory Barbillon, Marc Lamy de la Chapelle, Bernard Bartenlian, Abdelhanin Aassime, Frédéric Hamouda, Anne-Lise Coutrot, Mitradeep Sarkar, Julien Moreau, Raymond Gillibert, Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Biophotonique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry ( LCF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques ( CSPBAT ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), HORIBA Scientific [France], Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes ( LN2 ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon ( CPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon, ANR-12-NANO-0016,PIRANEX,Instriumentation bimodale pour la détection et l'identification de biomolécules par imagerie plasmonique et spectroscopie Raman amplifiées par nanostructuration ( 2012 ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2 ), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and ANR-12-NANO-0016,PIRANEX,Instriumentation bimodale pour la détection et l'identification de biomolécules par imagerie plasmonique et spectroscopie Raman amplifiées par nanostructuration(2012)
Subjects: Reproducibility, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Nanostructure, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Mechanical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Nanoparticle, Substrate (chemistry), 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, symbols.namesake, Mechanics of Materials, symbols, Molecule, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Raman scattering, Intensity (heat transfer), Electron-beam lithography
Abstract: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a sensitive and widely used as spectroscopic technique for chemical and biological structure analysis. One of the keys to increase the sensitivity of SERS sensors is to use nanoparticles/nanostructures. Here, we report on the density effect of gold nanodisks on SERS intensity for a highly sensitive detection of chemical molecules. Various densities of gold nanodisks with a height of 30 nm on gold/glass substrate were fabricated by electron beam lithography in order to have a good uniformity and reproducibility. The evolution of the enhancement factor (EF) with nanodisk density was quantified and compared to numerical calculations. An EF as high as $$2.6 \times 10^{7}$$ was measured for the nanodisk with a diameter of 110 nm and a periodicity of 150 nm which corresponds to the highest density (42.2 %).
Published: 2015

10. Recent developments in the manipulation of magnetic domain walls in CoFeB–MgO wires for applications to high-density nonvolatile memories

Author: Pham , Van Tuong, Marty , Williams, Marty , Matthieu, Marty , Jean-Philippe, Zahnd , Gilles, Pham , T., Marty , Alain, Laczkowski , L, Savero Torres , T, Beigne , C., Vergnaud , C., Jamet , M., Attané , A, Ravelosona , D., Diez , L. Herrera, Zhao , W., Kläui , M., Ockert , B., Mantovan , R., Lamperti , A., Baldi , L., Jacques , V., Vila , Laurent, Cowburn , R., SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants ( SPINTEC ), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie ( INAC ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), SC2G - Semi-conducteurs à large bande interdite, Institut Néel ( NEEL ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés ( LISBP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Systèmes interfaciaux à l'echelle nanometrique ( SIEN ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut für Physik [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz ( JGU ), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides ( LPS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Singulus technology AG, Laboratorio MDM (IMM-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Materials science, Spintronics, Magnetic domain, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 02 engineering and technology, magnetic domain walls, magnetic anisotropy, mass storage, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Engineering physics, Magnetic field, Domain wall (magnetism), Semiconductor, CMOS, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Computer data storage, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ PHYS.COND ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: The recent discovery that magnetic domain walls can be moved under a small current without any magnetic field opens a perspective for a paradigm shift in mass storage design. However, several fundamental questions must be answered before the technology can be considered feasible. This review covers the current understanding of domain wall (DW) propagation in CoFeB–MgO structures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. These films exhibit a very low density of pinning centers and can be integrated in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions, making them very promising for manipulating multiple domain walls in ultra-high-density spintronic devices. Several important issues are addressed: the physics of magnetic field, current and electric field driven domain wall motion, the characterization of the pinning potential on the nanoscale, the demonstration of artificial storing pinning sites, and the evaluation of domain wall propagation for logic and memory design integrated into complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
Published: 2015

11. Design, development and applications of etched multilayers for soft X-ray spectroscopy

Author: Rabah Benbalagh, Karine Le Guen, Jean-René Coudevylle, Philippe Jonnard, Jean-Michel André, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement ( LCPMR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Materials science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Grating, 01 natural sciences, Optics, Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, Etching, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Spectral resolution, Spectroscopy, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Characterization (materials science), Wavelength, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [ SPI.NANO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: An etched multilayer, a 2D structure fabricated by etching a periodic multilayer according to the pattern of a laminar grating, is applied in the soft X-ray range to improve the spectral resolution of wavelength dispersive spectrometers. The present article gathers all the successive stages of the development of such a device optimized to analyze the characteristic emission of light elements: design, structural and optical characterization and applications to X-ray spectroscopy. The evolution of the shape of the C Kα emission band of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), as a function of the angle between the emission direction and the (0 0 0 1) planes, is measured. These results, compared to those with a grating, demonstrate that the achieved spectral resolution enables disentangling σ → 1s and π → 1s transitions within the C K emission band.
Published: 2017

12. Near- and Far-Field Effects on the Plasmon Coupling in Gold Nanoparticle Arrays

Author: Bruno Palpant, Edmond Cambril, Xiaoli Wang, Philippe Gogol, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire ( LPQM ), École normale supérieure - Cachan ( ENS Cachan ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris ( INSP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures ( LPN ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Materials science, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Physics::Optics, Near and far field, 02 engineering and technology, Discrete dipole approximation, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, NANOSTRUCTURES, MOLECULES, Optics, DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION, NANORODS, SPHERICAL NANOPARTICLES, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Surface plasmon resonance, Plasmon, business.industry, CLUSTER, OPTICAL-PROPERTIES, RESONANCE, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ray, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Wavelength, General Energy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING, 0210 nano-technology, business, PARTICLE, Electron-beam lithography, Localized surface plasmon
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the plasmon coupling between metal nanoparticles under light irradiation remains a challenging issue for optimizing plasmonic devices for chemical and biological sensing. Here, the optical properties of dense spatially ordered two-dimensional arrays of 50 nm gold nanoparticles are investigated in this aim. Microspectrophotometry experiments are carried out on square arrays and parallel chains, elaborated by electron beam lithography, having different periodicities ranging from 80 to 170 nm. The wavelength, width, and amplitude of the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are quantitatively monitored as a function of both the incident light polarization and the interparticle distance. The experimental findings are then compared with calculations based on the discrete dipole approximation. They match remarkably well these numerical results, not only for the spectral location and the width of the SPR but also for the absolute value of the extinction cross section of the nanoparticles that is linked with the local field enhancement. The variation of the SPR band characteristics as a function of the periodicity of the arrays is investigated in terms of near field and far field coupling effects by discussing the topography of the field amplitude and phase in the arrays Moreover, in order to highlight the influence of phase retardation and radiative effects on the plasmon coupling, the optical properties of equivalent arrays scaled by 1/10, which can be qualitatively described by electrostatic dipolar interactions, are also studied by numerical calculations The discrepancies then observed between the two scales are interpreted. The contributions of the radiative and nonradiative dampings to the width and magnitude of the plasmon resonance are also investigated.
Published: 2012

13. Wearable antennas for firefighters

Author: Silva Pimenta, M., Mantash, M., Ferrero, Fabien, Ribero, Jean-Marc, Collarday, S., Tarot, A.-C., De Lustrac, A., Ratajczak, Ph., Sayegrih, K., Laboratoire d'Electronique, Antennes et Télécommunications ( LEAT ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Orange Labs [La Turbie], France Télécom, CREMANT, Laboratoire d'Electronique, Antennes et Télécommunications (LEAT), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [ SPI.ELEC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2012

14. Hyperspectral optical near-field imaging: Looking graded photonic crystals and photonic metamaterials in color

Author: Xavier Le Roux, Benoit Cluzel, Jean Dellinger, Frédérique de Fornel, K. Van Do, Eric Cassan, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB)
Subjects: FREQUENCIES, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Near-field optics, Plane wave, Metamaterial, Hyperspectral imaging, 02 engineering and technology, Hamiltonian optics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Photonic metamaterial, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Optics, LIGHT, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), Optoelectronics, SPACE, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, SILICON, Photonic crystal
Abstract: International audience; Using a scanning near-field optical microscope operating with a hyperspectral detection scheme, we report the direct observation of the mirage effect within an on-chip integrated artificial material made of a two dimensional graded photonic crystal. The light rainbow due to the material dispersion is quantified experimentally and quantitatively compared to three dimensional plane wave assisted Hamiltonian optics predictions of light propagation.
Published: 2012

15. Soil microbial diversity in grasslands and its importance for grassland functioning and services

Author: X. Le Roux, Sylvie Recous, Eléonore Attard, Gilles Lemaire, Abad Chabbi, John G. Hodgson, Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons ( AGRO-LRM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Agrosystèmes et impacts environnementaux carbone-azote (Agro-Impact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CABI, Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), ProdInra, Migration, Gilles Lemaire, John Hodgson, Abad Chabbi, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, grassland soils, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, molecular genetics techniques, Grassland, Ecosystem services, Carbon cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, microbial flora, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, natural sciences, Nitrogen cycle, 030304 developmental biology, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Soil health, 0303 health sciences, geography, Genetic diversity, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology, Agroforestry, grasslands, food and beverages, Soil classification, genetic diversity, 15. Life on land, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, soil types, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystem services
Abstract: cited By 3; International audience; This book contains 28 chapters with emphasis on the interactive nature of the relationships between the soil, plant, animal and environmental components of grassland systems, both natural and managed. It analyses the present knowledge and the future trends of research for combining the classical view of grasslands, as a resource for secure feeding of an increasing human population, with the more recent perspective of the contribution of grasslands to the mitigation of environmental impacts and biodiversity erosion as consequences of human society activities. The chapters are organized within five sections dealing with the different functions and the main ecosystem services expected from grasslands: (i) domestic herbivore feeding and animal production; (ii) the regulation of biogeochemical cycles and its consequences for the environment; (iii) dynamics of biodiversity hosted by grasslands; (iv) integration of grasslands within sustainable animal production systems; and (v) interactions of grassland areas with other land use systems at the landscape level.
Published: 2011

16. Soil environmental conditions rather than denitrifier abundance and diversity drive potential denitrification after changes in land uses

Author: Attard, E, Recous, S, Chabbi, A, De Berranger, C, Guillaumaud, N, Labreuche, J, Philippot, L, Schmid, B, Le Roux, X, University of Zurich, Le Roux, X, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UEFE, INRA Lusignan, UR 0004 Unité de Recherche Écophysiologie des Plantes Fourragères, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Environnement et Agronomie (E.A.)-Unité de Recherche Écophysiologie des Plantes Fourragères (UEPF), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement (MSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), UMR179 Seqbio, Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons ( AGRO-LRM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Environnement et Agronomie ( E.A. ) -Unité de Recherche Écophysiologie des Plantes Fourragères ( UEPF ), Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement ( MSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agrosystèmes et impacts environnementaux carbone-azote (Agro-Impact), Unité Expérimentale Fourrages et Environnement de Lusignan (UEFE), Unité de recherche d'Écophysiologie des Plantes Fourragères (UEPF), French Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), ECCO-PNBC, INRA, and Region Poitou-Charentes
Subjects: N2O emissions, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], carbon, 2306 Global and Planetary Change, temporary grasslan, use change, soil microbial ecology, 2300 General Environmental Science, land, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, soil organic, no tillage, 2304 Environmental Chemistry, soil C and N dynamics, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 2303 Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biodiversity
Abstract: cited By 96; International audience; no abstract
Published: 2011

17. An a-contrario approach for sub-pixel change detection in satellite imagery

Author: Lionel Moisan, A. Robin, S. Le Hégarat-Mascle, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, significance test, Artificial Intelligence, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, [ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Satellite imagery, Computer vision, Image sensor, Time series, change detection, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, mixture model, Contextual image classification, Pixel, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, a-contrario modeling, image series, Models, Theoretical, Image Enhancement, Mixture model, Subpixel rendering, Computational Theory and Mathematics, sub-pixel, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, Algorithms, Software, Change detection
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents a new method for unsupervised sub-pixel change detection using image series. The method is based on the definition of a probabilistic criterion capable of assessing the level of coherence of an image series relatively to a reference classification with a finer resolution. In opposition to approaches based on an a priori model of the data, the model developed here is based on the rejection of a non-structured model --- called a-contrario model --- by the observation of structured data. This coherence measure is the core of a stochastic algorithm which selects automatically the image subdomain representing the most likely changes. A theoretical analysis of this model is led to predict its performances, in particular regarding the contrast level of the image as well as the number of change pixels in the image. Numerical simulations are also presented, that confirm the high robustness of the method and its capacity to detect changes impacting more than 25% of a considered pixel under average conditions. An application to land-cover change detection is then provided using time series of satellite images.
Published: 2010

18. GaSb coupled cavities laser diodes with a photonic crystal intra-cavity mirror

Author: Moumdji, Souad, Bonnefont, Sophie, Gauthier-Lafaye, Olivier, Lozes-Dupuy, Françoise, Vicet, Aurore, Rouillard, Yves, Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Équipe Photonique ( LAAS-PHOTO ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes ( IES ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes (IES), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Composants à Nanostructure pour le moyen infrarouge (NANOMIR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [ SPI.TRON ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2008

19. Unsupervised Subpixelic Classification Using Coarse-Resolution Time Series and Structural Information

Author: S. Le Hégarat-Mascle, Lionel Moisan, A. Robin, Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, 01 natural sciences, Bayes' theorem, [ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing, Maximum a posteriori estimation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Time series, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pixel, Contextual image classification, business.industry, Pattern recognition, Function (mathematics), 15. Life on land, Mixture model, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Simulated annealing, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, a new method is presented for a subpixelic land cover classification using both high-resolution structural information and coarse-resolution (CR) temporal information. To that aim, the linear mixture model is used for pixel disaggregation. It enables us to describe a CR time series in terms of the mixture of classes that are represented within each pixel. Then, the Bayes' rule and the maximum a posteriori criterion lead to the definition of an energy function whose minimum corresponds to the researched optimal classification. A theoretical analysis of the labeling errors that may be obtained using this energy function is provided, raising the main parameters for labeling performance. The optimal classification is computed by combining linear regressions and simulated annealing, leading to an unsupervised algorithm. The method is validated with numerical results obtained on two different agricultural scenes (i.e., the Danubian plain and the Coet Dan watershed).
Published: 2008

20. An Unsupervised Approach for Subpixelic Land-Cover Change Detection

Author: Lionel Moisan, S. Le Hégarat-Mascle, A. Robin, Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Stochastic process, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Probabilistic logic, 02 engineering and technology, Missing data, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing, A priori and a posteriori, Coherence (signal processing), Time series, Image resolution, Change detection, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we present a new method for subpixelic land-cover change detection using coarse resolution time series, as they offer a high time-repetitiveness of acquisition. Changes are detected by analyzing the coherence between a coarse resolution time series and a high resolution classification as a description of the land-cover state at the date of reference. To that aim, an a contrario model is derived, leading to the definition of a probabilistic coherence criterion free of parameter and free of any a priori information. This measure is the core of a stochastic algorithm that selects automatically the image sub-domain representing the most likely changes. Some particular problems related to the use of time series are discussed, such as the potential high variability of a time series or the problem of missing data. Some experiments are then presented on pseudo-actual data, showing a good performance for change detection and a high robustness to the considered resolution ratio (between the high resolution classification and the coarse resolution time series).
Published: 2007

21. A multiscale multitemporal land cover classification method using a Bayesian approach

Author: Lionel Moisan, S. Mascle-Le Hégarat, A. Robin, Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Pixel, Computer science, Vegetation, Land cover, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Mixture model, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing, 0103 physical sciences, Statistics, Spatial analysis, Image resolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; As vegetation time evolution is one of the most relevant information to discriminate the different land cover types, land cover classification requires both temporal and spatial information. Due to the physical properties of remote sensors, this temporal information can only be derived from coarse resolution sensors such as MERIS (300 × 300 m² pixel size) or SPOT/VGT (1 km² pixel size). In this paper, we propose to use jointly high and coarse spatial resolution to perform an efficient high resolution land cover classification. The method is based on Bayesian theory and on the linear mixture model permitting, through a simulated annealing algorithm, to perform a high resolution classification from a coarse resolution time series.
Published: 2005

22. Land cover classification from coarse resolution time series

Author: Amandine Robin, sylvie le hégarat-mascle, Lionel Moisan, Hervé Poilvé, Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infoterra France, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), INFOTERRA, Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, and Moisan, Lionel
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing
Abstract: International audience; Land cover classification requires both temporal and spatial information. Indeed, vegetation temporal evolution is necessary to discriminate the different land cover types. This information can be derived from coarse resolution sensors such as MERIS (300 × 300 m² pixel size), or SPOT/VGT (1 km² pixel size), whereas high resolution images, such as SPOT4/HRV ones (20×20 m² pixel size), contain the required spatial information. In this paper, a new method is proposed to perform an efficient land cover classification using these two kinds of remote sensing data. This method is based on Bayesian theory and on the linear mixture model permitting, through a simulated annealing algorithm, to perform a high resolution classification from a coarse resolution time series.
Published: 2005

23. Approche a contrario pour la détection de changements à partir d'images satellite basse résolution

Author: Amandine Robin, Lionel Moisan, sylvie le hégarat-mascle, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Moisan, Lionel
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing
Abstract: National audience; Nous considérons le problème du suivi de végétation et de la détection de changements à partir de séquences d'images satellite présentant une forte répétitivité temporelle mais une faible résolution spatiale. Nous dérivons un critère probabiliste a contrario mesurant la cohérence entre la séquence d'images "basse résolution" et un état antérieur de référence (classification). La mesure ainsi obtenue est au cœur d'un algorithme stochastique qui sélectionne automatiquement les zones contenant les changements apparus au cours de la période étudiée. Le principe de cette approche est validé d'un point de vue théorique : nous montrons que tout changement, aussi local soit-il, peut être détecté pour peu que le niveau de contraste de l'image soit suffisament élevé. Enfin, nous présentons des expériences sur données simulées, qui affichent des performances prometteuses en vue d'une future application à des données réelles.
Published: 2005

24. Questioning some paradigms of signal processing via concrete examples

Author: Fliess, Michel, Mboup, Mamadou, Mounier, Hugues, Sira-Ramirez, Hebertt, Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Algebra for Digital Identification and Estimation (ALIEN), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centrale Lille-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - UFR de Mathématiques et Informatique (UPD5 Mathématiques Informatique), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), H. Sira-Ramirez, G. Silva-Navarro, École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] ( LIX ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ), Algebra for Digital Identification and Estimation ( ALIEN ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Ecole Centrale de Lille-École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - UFR de Mathématiques et Informatique ( UPD5 Mathématiques Informatique ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional ( CINVESTAV ), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [ INFO.INFO-IR ] Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], [ MATH.MATH-CA ] Mathematics [math]/Classical Analysis and ODEs [math.CA], ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.3: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL, [MATH.MATH-OA]Mathematics [math]/Operator Algebras [math.OA], [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], noncommutative algebra, ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.4: INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, [MATH.MATH-CA]Mathematics [math]/Classical Analysis and ODEs [math.CA], Differential algebra, [ MATH.MATH-OA ] Mathematics [math]/Operator Algebras [math.OA], signal processing, [ PHYS.MECA.ACOU ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], ACM : H.: Information Systems/H.3: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL, [MATH.MATH-RA]Mathematics [math]/Rings and Algebras [math.RA], [INFO.INFO-CE]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science [cs.CE], structured perturbations, chirps, ACM : H.: Information Systems/H.4: INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, operational calculus, identifiability, demodulation, [ MATH.MATH-RA ] Mathematics [math]/Rings and Algebras [math.RA], [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], detection of abrupt changes, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], [ PHYS.MPHY ] Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], [ INFO.INFO-CE ] Computer Science [cs]/Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science [cs.CE]
Abstract: This paper was presented in November 2003 in Mexico City. It gives an overview of recent on-line and non-asymptotic estimation techniques in signal processing, which do not necessitate any precise statistical knowledge of the noises. Several concrete examples with their computer simulations are discussed.
Published: 2003

25. High piezoelectricity in epitaxial BiFeO3 microcantilevers

Author: S. Matzen, S. Gable, N. Lequet, S. Yousfi, K. Rani, T. Maroutian, G. Agnus, H. Bouyanfif, P. Lecoeur, Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces (LCSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou] (UMMTO), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée - UR UPJV 2081 (LPMC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), and ANR-18-CE09-0026,UP-DOWN,Photostriction Ultra-rapide dans les Domaines, Parois et Nanostructures Ferroélectriques(2018)
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: The large switchable ferroelectric polarization and lead-free composition of BiFeO3 make it a promising candidate as an active material in numerous applications, in particular, in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) when BiFeO3 is integrated in a thin film form on a silicon substrate. Here, 200-nm-thick Mn-doped BiFeO3 thin films have been epitaxially grown on a SrRuO3/SrTiO3/Si substrate and patterned into microcantilevers as prototype device structures for piezoelectric actuation. The devices demonstrate excellent ferroelectric response with a remanent polarization of 55 μC/cm2. The epitaxial BiFeO3 MEMS exhibit very high piezoelectric response with transverse piezoelectric coefficient d31 reaching 83 pm/V. The BiFeO3 cantilevers show larger electromechanical performance (the ratio of curvature/electric field) than that of state-of-art piezoelectric cantilevers, including well-known PZT (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) and the hyper-active PMN–PT (Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3). In addition, the piezoelectricity in BiFeO3 MEMS is found to depend on the ferroelectric polarization direction, which could originate from the flexoelectric effect and be exploited to further enhance the electromechanical performance of the devices. These results could potentially lead to a replacement of lead-based piezoelectrics by BiFeO3 in many microdevices.
Published: 2022

26. X-ray multilayer monochromator with enhanced performance

Author: Françoise Bridou, Christian Remond, Frank Delmotte, René Laval, Alain Raynal, Rabah Benbalagh, G. Soullié, Gwénaelle Julié, R. Barchewitz, Michel Fialin, Jean-Michel André, Alain Bosseboeuf, Marie-Françoise Ravet, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique (LURE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-MENRT-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement ( LCPMR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique ( LCFIO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'électronique fondamentale ( IEF ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), DAM Île-de-France ( DAM/DIF ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique ( LURE ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -MENRT-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), X-ray optics, Grating, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Photon counting, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Business and International Management, Thin film, Reactive-ion etching, Photolithography, business, Diffraction grating, Monochromator
Abstract: International audience; An x-ray multilayer monochromator with improved resolution and a low specular background is presented. The monochromator consists of a lamellar multilayer amplitude grating with appropriate parameters used at the zeroth diffraction order. The device is fabricated by means of combining deposition of thin films on a nanometer scale, UV lithography, and reactive ion etching. The performance of this new monochromator at photon energies near 1500 eV is shown.
Published: 2002

27. Compact Modeling of Perpendicular-Magnetic-Anisotropy Double-Barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junction With Enhanced Thermal Stability Recording Structure

Author: Zhizhong Zhang, Dafiné Ravelosona, Jacques-Olivier Klein, Yue Zhang, Zhenyi Zheng, Weisheng Zhao, Kun Zhang, Guanda Wang, Jinkai Wang, Youguang Zhang, Department of Math and Computer Science, Center of Network, Henan Police College, EAST CHINA UNIVERSITY, KEY LAB, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fert Beijing Institute and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and Beihang University (BUAA)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Adder, Materials science, business.industry, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Spin-transfer torque, Double barrier, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Tunnel magnetoresistance, CMOS, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Thermal stability, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: As the basic storage unit of spin transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM), the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) has been extensively studied in recent years. Lowering the critical switching current and improving the data retention are two crucial pathways to optimize the performance of STT-MRAM. However, the conventional MTJ can merely achieve both. In this paper, we present a physics-based compact model of Ta/CoFeB/MgO PMA double-barrier MTJ (DMTJ) with enhanced thermal stability recording structure. Combination of double-barrier and synthetic double-free layers can heighten the STT effect and enhance the thermal stability simultaneously. A larger STT switching efficiency, compared with conventional MTJ, can thus be realized. The modeling results show great agreement with experimental results. A 1-bit magnetic full adder (MFA) based on DMTJ, as a hybrid logic-in-memory circuit example, has been designed and simulated to validate its functionality. This SPICE-compatible compact model will be useful for high-performance hybrid MTJ/CMOS circuit and system designs.
Published: 2019

28. Diffraction-less propagation beyond the sub-wavelength regime: a new type of nanophotonic waveguide

Author: Elena Durán-Valdeiglesias, Dorian Oser, Delphine Marris-Morini, Diego Perez-Galacho, Daniel Benedikovic, Xavier Le Roux, Carlos Alonso-Ramos, Sébastien Tanzilli, Jianhao Zhang, Vladyslav Vakarin, Eric Cassan, Florent Mazeas, Laurent Vivien, Pavel Cheben, Laurent Labonté, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Nice (UMR 7010 CNRS-UNS), Institut Non Linéaire de Nice (INLN)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), PHOTONIQUE (XLIM-PHOTONIQUE), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut Non Linéaire de Nice (INLN), and Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Diffraction, Nanophotonics, Physics::Optics, lcsh:Medicine, Degrees of freedom (mechanics), Grating, 7. Clean energy, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, lcsh:Science, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Silicon photonics, business.industry, lcsh:R, Metamaterial, 030104 developmental biology, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, lcsh:Q, Photonics, business, Waveguide, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Sub-wavelength grating (SWG) metamaterials have garnered a great interest for their singular capability to shape the propagation of light. However, practical SWG implementations are limited by fabrication constraints, such as minimum feature size. Here, we present a new nanophotonic waveguide grating concept that exploits phase-matching engineering to suppress diffraction effects for a period three times larger than those with SWG approaches. This long-period grating not only facilitates fabrication, but also enables a new diffraction-less regime with additional degrees of freedom to control light propagation. More specifically, the proposed phase-matching engineering enables selective diffraction suppression, providing new tools to shape propagation in the grating. We harness this flexible diffraction control to yield single-mode propagation in, otherwise, highly multimode waveguides, and to implement Bragg filters that combine highly-diffractive and diffraction-less regions to dramatically increase light rejection. Capitalizing on this new concept, we experimentally demonstrate a Si membrane Bragg filter with record rejection value exceeding 60 dB. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed long-period grating for the engineering of diffraction in nanophotonic waveguides and pave the way for the development of a new generation of high-performance Si photonics devices. Silicon photonics is widely recognized as an enabling technology for next generation optical interconnects, holding the promise of providing ultra-compact and low power consumption opto-electronic transceivers, fabricated at large volumes leveraging existing CMOS facilities 1. Driven by the impressive technological development over the recent years, silicon photonics is expanding its frontiers towards new applications beyond datacom 2. These include, among others, chemical and biological sensing 3 , radio-over-fiber 4 , spectroscopy 5 , and quantum cryptography 6. In this very diverse ecosystem, combining demanding optical interconnects with disruptive new applications , sub-wavelength grating (SWG) engineering has gained momentum due to its unmatched flexibility in controlling the propagation of light in nanophotonic devices 7,8. SWG metamaterial waveguides rely on periodic silicon patterning, with a structural period shorter than half the wavelength, to synthesize refractive index and chromatic dispersion that can, in principle, be engineered at will 9,10. Unlike photonic crystals that rely on resonant light confinement 11 , SWG waveguides operate well below the bandgap, guiding light by (synthetic) refractive index difference. This way, they provide flexible control over modal confinement, birefringence and dispersion, non-achievable in conventional waveguide arrangements, alongside with low propagation loss and remarkably wide spectral bandwidth 9,10,12,13. These key advantages allowed the demonstration of several SWG-based devices
Published: 2019

29. AlN Etching under ICP Cl2/BCl3/Ar Plasma Mixture: Experimental Characterization and Plasma Kinetic Model

Author: Alexandre Shen, Abdou Djouadi, Delphine Néel, Dalila Make, M. Rammal, Ahmed Rhallabi, Equipe Radiocom, Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU)-IUT-Saida, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, and Université de Nantes (UN)
Subjects: Electron density, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, BCL3, 02 engineering and technology, Plasma, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Electronegativity, Mechanics of Materials, Etching (microfabrication), [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, Thin film, Reactive-ion etching, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: AlN etching with chloride plasmas is studied. The experimental results show that the etching of AlN under a low pressure Cl2/Ar plasma mixture in moderate DC bias is not possible. The addition of BCl3 gas to Cl2/Ar mixture allows the etching of AlN materials. However the obtained properties of etched AlN is still not in conformity with the technological specification especially for the condition which the etched AlN must be kept only along the sidewall of the InP laser cavity and be removed elsewhere (selective etching). To know more about the effect of the BCl3 addition to the Cl2/Ar plasma mixture, global model of BCl3/Cl2/Ar is developed to quantify the neutral and ion densities as well as the electron density and temperature. The simulation results show that the electron density and low pressure linearly varies with the RF power. The negative ion density decreases with the percentage of BCl3 leading to the diminution of the electronegativity which is represented by negative ion to electron density ratio. The simulation shows that the positive ion to atomic chlorine flux ratio increases with the %BCl3. Such parameters could play an important role in the ion neutral synergy during the etching process.
Published: 2019

30. Optical Magnetometry of Single Biocompatible Micromagnets for Quantitative Magnetogenetic and Magnetomechanical Assays

Author: Loïc Toraille, Elie Balloul, Emilie Secret, Jean-Michel Siaugue, Louise Bonnemay, N. Vernier, Cornelia Monzel, Koceila Aizel, Loïc Rondin, Jean-François Roch, T. Debuisschert, Stanislas Rohart, Mathieu Coppey, Chiara Vicario, Joao Sampaio, Maxime Dahan, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie [Institut Curie] (PCC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PHysicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Physico-Chimie-Curie (PCC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES [France], Nano Optique et Spectroscopy (NOOS), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), THALES, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Kerr effect, Materials science, Nitrogen, Magnetometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Magnetometry, Biocompatible Materials, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, symbols.namesake, law, Stokes' law, 0103 physical sciences, Microscopy, Humans, General Materials Science, Particle Size, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Lasers, Mechanical Engineering, Optical Devices, Equipment Design, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic susceptibility, Biomechanical Phenomena, Magnetic field, Magnetic Fields, Ferromagnetism, Magnets, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], symbols, Nanoparticles, Optoelectronics, Magnetic nanoparticles, Diamond, 0210 nano-technology, business, HeLa Cells
Abstract: The mechanical manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles is a powerful approach to probing and actuating biological processes in living systems. Implementing this technique in high-throughput assays can be achieved using biocompatible micromagnet arrays. However, the magnetic properties of these arrays are usually indirectly inferred from simulations or Stokes drag measurements, leaving unresolved questions about the actual profile of the magnetic fields at the micrometer scale and the exact magnetic forces that are applied. Here, we exploit the magnetic field sensitivity of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond to map the 3D stray magnetic field produced by a single soft ferromagnetic microstructure. By combining this wide-field optical magnetometry technique with magneto-optic Kerr effect microscopy, we fully analyze the properties of the micromagnets, including their magnetization saturation and their size-dependent magnetic susceptibility. We further show that the high magnetic field gradients produced by the micromagnets, greater than 10
Published: 2018

31. Cantilever magnetoelectric PZT/Tb–Fe–Co resonators for magnetic sensing applications

Author: Guillaume Agnus, Sylvia Matzen, N. T. Ngoc, Philippe Lecoeur, Thomas Maroutian, D.T. Huong Giang, Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces (LCSI), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Materials science, Fabrication, Cantilever, QC1-999, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Resonator, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Thin film, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Physics, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Piezoelectricity, Magnetic field, Capacitor, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Layer (electronics), TP248.13-248.65, Biotechnology
Abstract: Magnetoelectric material-based cantilever resonators have been considered as a promising solution for magnetic sensing applications. However, most applications focus on bulk piezoelectric (e.g., PZT) laminated composites, which put a critical limit for miniaturizing into micrometer-sized devices. This work aims at demonstrating the potential of a micro-resonator approach with lower power consumption and smaller size. It reports on the fabrication and characterization of a resonant cantilever based on a freestanding multi-ferroic PZT/Tb–Fe–Co thin film multilayer, where the magnetic signal is sensed by measuring the shift of the device resonant frequency. The Tb–Fe–Co layer acts as a magnetic field sensing layer, while the PZT thin film integrated in the capacitor geometry acts as a micro-transducer to obtain an electrical signal. For a magnetic field less than 0.2 T, a sensitivity as high as 487 Hz/T is measured for the sensor under a vacuum environment. While the sensor design has to be further optimized to improve the performance, it is promising as a micro-magnetoelectric sensor for magnetic field sensing.
Published: 2021

32. Strain-induced electro-optical effect in silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators

Author: Lafforgue, Christian, Berciano, Mathias, Deniel, Lucas, Marcaud, Guillaume, Le Roux, Xavier, Alonso-Ramos, Carlos, Benedikovic, Daniel, Ruiz-Caridad, Alicia, Crozat, Paul, Marris-Morini, Delphine, Cassan, Eric, Vivien, Laurent, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF)
Subjects: modulation, nonlinear optics, Silicon photonics, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Pockels effect
Abstract: International audience; Due to the strong evolution of data transmission worldwide, silicon photonics needs to provide low power consuming and ultra-fast modulators. Pockels effect is known to answer both these demands. However, silicon is a centrosymmetric crystal, which makes it inadequate to use Pockels effect. Nonetheless, by straining a silicon waveguide, it is possible to unlock second order nonlinear optics effects, enabling electro-optic modulation through Pockels effect. In our work, we experimentally demonstrated a high-speed strain-induced Pockels effect based electro-optic modulation in a Mach-Zehnder silicon modulator. We also present a complete analysis of Pockels, Kerr, and free carriers effects.
Published: 2020

33. Silicon-germanium p-i-n photodiodes with double heterojunction: high-speed operation at 10 Gbps and beyond

Author: Benedikovic, Daniel, Virot, Léopold, Aubin, Guy, Hartmann, Jean-Michel, Amar, Farah, Szelag, Bertrand, Le Roux, Xavier, Alonso-Ramos, Carlos, Crozat, Paul, Cassan, Eric, Marris-Morini, Delphine, Baudot, Charles, Boeuf, Frédéric, Fédéli, Jean-Marc, Kopp, Christophe, Vivien, Laurent, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), European Project: 647342,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,POPSTAR(2015), Benedikovic, Daniel, and Low power consumption silicon optoelectronics based on strain and refractive index engineering - POPSTAR - - H20202015-10-01 - 2020-10-01 - 647342 - VALID
Subjects: [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, germanium photodiodes, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, silicon-on-insulator platform, high-speed optical communications, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics
Abstract: International audience; We present recent results on high-speed waveguide p-in photodetectors with lateral hetero-structured Silicon-Germanium-Silicon (Si-Ge-Si) junctions monolithically integrated on Silicon-on-Insulator substrates. Optical photodetectors leverage a unique integration strategy, combining butt-waveguide-coupling and lateral Si-Ge-Si p-in hetero-junctions. Fabrication is then easier, more robust and fully compatible with available Si-foundry processes. Under a low-voltage operation, 1 µm wide devices have dark currents of at most 150 nA, high responsivity of 1.2 A/W, and-3dB cutoff frequency of 12 GHz. Furthermore, an errorless detection is experimentally achieved for a conventional 10 Gbps data rate, with power sensitivity down to-13.9 dBm with a bit-error-rate (BER) of 10-9. Moreover, under avalanche operation, a 0.8 µm wide p-in diode offers attractive improvements in opto-electrical performances. In particular, initial results show that device responsivity is enhanced from 0.42 A/W up to 2.79 A/W thanks to an avalanche multiplication gain of 6.7. The cutoff frequency remains larger than 17 GHz with a gain of 10.6, resulting in a gain-bandwidth product greater than 180 GHz. These promising results also yield error-free communication at 10-9 with 28 Gbps signal, providing power sensitivities down to-12.7 dBm at 10-9 BER. These results make hetero-structured p-in photodetectors appealing choice for high-bit-rate systems in integrated silicon nanophotonics.
Published: 2020

34. ALD of ZnO:Ti: Growth Mechanism and Application as an Efficient Transparent Conductive Oxide in Silicon Nanowire Solar Cells

Author: Nathanaelle Schneider, Frédérique Donsanti, Shan-Ting Zhang, Tiphaine Mathieu-Pennober, Damien Coutancier, Simone Bernardini, Olivier Fournier, Martin Foldyna, Maria Tchernycheva, Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (UMR) (IPVF), École polytechnique (X)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], UFR des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion (UR), EDF (EDF), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique des interfaces et des couches minces [Palaiseau] (LPICM), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Atomic layer deposition, Crystallinity, Etching (microfabrication), [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Thin film, Metrics & More Article Recommendations atomic layer deposition, QCM studies, Transparent conducting film, ZnO:Ti, business.industry, Quartz crystal microbalance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Indium tin oxide, chemistry, TCO, silicon nanowire solar cells, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Titanium, n-type
Abstract: International audience; In the quest for the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO), Ti-doped zinc oxide (TZO) films have been synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and applied as an n-type transparent conductive oxide (TCO). TZO thin films were obtained from titanium (IV) i-propoxide (TTIP), diethyl zinc, and water by introducing TiO 2 growth cycle in a ZnO matrix. Process parameters such as the order of precursor introduction, the cycle ratio, and the film thickness were optimized. The as-deposited films were analyzed for their surface morphology, elemental stoichiometry, optoelectronic properties, and crystallinity using a variety of characterization techniques. The growth mechanism was investigated for the first time by in situ quartz crystal microbalance measurements. It evidenced different insertion modes of titanium depending on the precursor introduction, as well as the etching of Zn−Et surface groups by TTIP. Resistivity as low as 1.2 × 10 −3 Ω cm and transmittance >80% in the visible range were obtained for 72-nm-thick films. Finally, the first application of ALD-TZO as TCO was reported. TZO films were successfully implemented as top electrodes in silicon nanowire solar cells. The unique properties of TZO combined with conformal coverage realized by the ALD technique make it possible for the cell to show almost flat external quantum efficiency (EQE) response, surpassing the bell-like EQE curve seen in devices with a sputtered ITO top electrode.
Published: 2020

35. Strain induced Pockels effect in silicon for electro-optic modulation

Author: Eric Cassan, P. Crozat, Delphine Marris-Morini, Xavier Le Roux, Laurent Vivien, Alicia Ruiz-Caridad, Guillaume Marcaud, Vladyslav Vakarin, Christian Lafforgue, Carlos Alonso-Ramos, Mathias Berciano, Lucas Deniel, Daniel Benedikovic, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF)
Subjects: Silicon photonics, Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, Strained silicon, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Pockels effect, 010309 optics, Semiconductor, Optical modulator, chemistry, Modulation, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, electro-optic modulation
Abstract: International audience; The strong evolution of silicon photonics towards very low power consumption circuits leads to the development of new strategies for photonic devices, especially for power-hungry components such as optical modulators. One strategy is to use Pockels effect in Si waveguides. However, bulk Si is a centrosymmetric semiconductor, which cannot exhibit any second order optical nonlinearities. Nonetheless, under a strain gradient, generated by depositing a stressed layer on Si waveguides, this restriction vanishes. In our work, we experimentally demonstrated a Pockels effect based electro-optic modulation at high frequency (> 5GHz) using a strained silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator.
Published: 2020

36. Silicon chip-integrated fiber couplers with sub-decibel loss

Author: Daivid Fowler, Delphine Marris-Morini, Eric Cassan, Pavel Cheben, Frederic Boeuf, Sylvain Guerber, Charles Baudot, Diego Perez-Galacho, Daniel Benedikovic, Carlos Alonso-Ramos, Vladyslav Vakarin, Xavier Le Roux, Cecilia Dupre, Bertrand Szelag, Laurent Vivien, Guillaume Marcaud, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Marcoussis] (C2N), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), and European Project: 647342,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,POPSTAR(2015)
Subjects: Optical fiber, Materials science, Nanophotonics, Silicon on insulator, 02 engineering and technology, Integrated circuit, 01 natural sciences, Waveguide (optics), sub-wavelength grating metamaterials, law.invention, optical design, 010309 optics, deep-ultraviolet lithography, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Stepper, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, fiber-chip optical interface, Silicon photonics, silicon photonics, business.industry, fiber couplers, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology, silicon, diffraction gratings, waveguides, surface grating couplers, metamaterials, immersion lithography, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, nanophotonics, Photonics, business
Abstract: Silicon nanophotonics represents a scalable route to deploy complex optical integrated circuits for multifold applications, markets, and end-users. Most recently, applications such as optical communications and interconnects, sensing, as well as quantum-based technologies, among others, present additional opportunities for integrated silicon nanophotonics to expand its frontiers from laboratories to industrial product development. Within a wide set of functionalities that silicon nanophotonic chips can afford, the availability of low-loss optical input/output interfaces has been regarded as a major practical obstacle that hampers long-term success of integrated photonic platforms. Indeed, fiber-chip interfaces based on diffraction gratings are an attractive solution to resonantly couple the light between planar waveguide circuits and standard single-mode optical fibers. Surface grating couplers provide much more alignment tolerance in fiber attach compared with most conventional edge-coupled alternatives, while retaining the much-needed control of the fiber placement on the chip surface and wafer-level-test capability that the in-plane convertors lack. Here, we report on our recent advances in the development of high-performance fiber-chip grating couplers that exploit the blazing effect. This is achieved with well-established dual-etch processing in interleaved teeth-trench arrangements or using L-shaped grating-teeth-profile geometries. The first demonstration of the L-shaped-based grating coupler yielded a coupling loss of -2.7 dB, seamlessly fabricated into a 300-mm foundry manufacturing process using 193-nm deep-ultraviolet stepper lithography. Moreover, silicon metamaterial L-shaped fiber couplers may promote robust sub-decibel coupling of light, reaching a simulated coupling loss of -0.25 dB, while featuring device layouts (>120 nm) compatible with lithographic technologies in silicon semiconductor foundries., SPIE OPTO 2020 - Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits XXII, February 3-6, 2020, San Francisco, California, Series: Proceedings of SPIE
Published: 2020

37. 28 Gbps silicon-germanium hetero-structure avalanche photodetectors (Contributed paper)

Author: Benedikovic, Daniel, Virot, Léopold, Aubin, Guy, Hartmann, Jean-Michel, Amar, Farah, Szelag, Bertrand, Le Roux, Xavier, Alonso-Ramos, Carlos, Crozat, Paul, Cassan, Eric, Marris-Morini, Delphine, Baudot, Charles, Boeuf, Frédéric, Fédéli, Jean-Marc, Kopp, Christophe, Vivien, Laurent, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Project: 647342,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,POPSTAR(2015)
Subjects: avalanche mode operation, optical photodetectors, germanium, silicon photonics, pin mode operation, gain-bandwidth product, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology, high-speed links, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, impact ionization, gain, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics
Abstract: International audience; Owing to its low-cost, high-yield, and dense integration ability, silicon nanophotonics is a good candidate to tackle the needs of exponentially growing communications in data centers, high-performance computers, and cloud services. Moreover, a number of nanophotonic functions are now available on a single chip, as they take advantages of silicon-foundry process maturity and epitaxial germanium integration. Optical photodetectors are key building blocks in the library of group-IV components and their performances are quite successful nowadays. In particular, silicon-germanium waveguide-integrated photodetectors are fixing new standards for next generation of on-chip interconnects in terms of compactness, speed, power consumption and cost. Indeed, conventional pin photodetectors yield good responsivities (~1 A/W in a 1.5 µm wavelength range), high bandwidths (~50 GHz), and dark currents well below 1 µA. Despite recent advances, their optical power sensitivities remain rather modest and speeds are limited to 25 Gbps only, however. Compensating for the insufficient photodetector sensitivity requires higher transmitter output powers and therefore higher energy consumption. Additional energy savings can be obtained by eliminating receiver electronics. Alternatively, an appealing approach is to exploit device structures with an internal multiplication gain to lower even more the power budget and improve energy efficiency of chip-based optical links. In this work, we report on waveguide-integrated photodetectors with lateral silicon-germanium-silicon heterojunctions. Here, we present avalanche photodetectors fabricated on 200-mm silicon-on-insulator wafers using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible processes. Devices operate in the low-gain-regime to facilitate high-speed link operations at 1.55 µm wavelengths. An error-free signal detection was achieved at 28 Gbps, with power sensitivity of-11 dBm for 10-9 bit-error-rate, which is a relevant link rate for emerging chip-scale optical interconnects.
Published: 2020

38. Thermodynamics of animal locomotion

Author: Ch. Goupil, Eric Herbert, Ph. Lecoeur, V. Bels, Henni Ouerdane, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED (UMR_8236)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Russian Quantum Center, Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Cost of transport, Computer science, General Physics and Astronomy, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer Science::Robotics, Oxygen Consumption, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Energy transformation, Animals, Horses, Physics - Biological Physics, 010306 general physics, Gait, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Operating point, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Muscles, Frame (networking), Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), Thermodynamics, Constant (mathematics), Locomotion
Abstract: Muscles are biological actuators extensively studied in the frame of Hill's classic empirical model as isolated biomechanical entities, which hardly applies to a living organism subjected to physiological and environmental constraints. Here we elucidate the overarching principle of a \emph{living} muscle action for locomotion, considering it from the thermodynamic viewpoint as an assembly of actuators (muscle units) connected in parallel, operating via chemical-to-mechanical energy conversion under mixed (potential and flux) boundary conditions. Introducing the energy cost of effort, $COE_-$, as the generalization of the well-known oxygen cost of transport, $COT$, in the frame of our compact locally linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics model, we analyze oxygen consumption measurement data from a documented experiment on energy cost management and optimization by horses moving at three different gaits. Horses adapt to a particular gait by mobilizing a nearly constant number of muscle units minimizing waste production per unit distance covered; this number significantly changes during transition between gaits. The mechanical function of the animal is therefore determined both by its own thermodynamic characteristics and by the metabolic operating point of the locomotor system.
Published: 2020
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39. Magnetic field frustration of the metal-insulator transition in V 2 O 3

Author: Trastoy, J., Camjayi, A., del Valle, J., Kalcheim, Y., Crocombette, J.-P., Gilbert, D. A., Borchers, J. A., Villegas, J. E., Ravelosona, D., Rozenberg, M. J., Schuller, Ivan K., Unité mixte de physique CNRS/Thales (UMPhy CNRS/THALES), THALES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UCSD Department of physics (UCSD), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

40. Identifier les pratiques d’étude des étudiants de première année de licence scientifique pour mieux les accompagner

Author: Marie-Joëlle Ramage, Isabelle BOURNAUD, Herve Mathias, Didactique des Sciences d'Orsay (DidaScO), Etudes sur les sciences et les techniques (EST), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Didactique des sciences d'Orsay (DIDASCO), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

41. Erbium-doped yttria-stabilised zirconia thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition for photonic applications

Author: Frederic Boeuf, Alicia Ruiz-Caridad, Laurent Vivien, Christian Lafforgue, Vladyslav Vakarin, Eric Cassan, Jianhao Zhang, Guillaume Marcaud, Stéphane Collin, Charles Baudot, Philippe Lecoeur, Guillaume Agnus, Ludovic Largeau, Carlos Alonso-Ramos, Delphine Marris-Morini, Thomas Maroutian, Sylvia Matzen, Elena Durán-Valdeiglesias, Sylvain Guerber, Sebastien Cremer, J. M Ramirez, Stephane Monfray, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces (LCSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Pulsed laser deposition, Erbium, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Photoluminescence excitation, Thin film, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Yttria-stabilized zirconia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Optical amplifier, business.industry, Photonic integrated circuit, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: On-chip optical amplifiers operating at telecom wavelengths are crucial elements for signal recovering and routing in photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we present the optical and structural properties of Er-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films for the implementation of on-chip optical amplifiers in hybrid multifunctional photonic platforms. Photoluminescence excitation measurements have revealed strong luminescence at 1530 nm under 960 nm wavelength pumping, with lifetime values around 2 ms and a strong Er3++–Er3+ interaction for Er3+ doping concentrations beyond 1.5 atomic percentage (at%). This work contributes to establish the solid foundations for a class of Er-doped on-chip amplifiers using the robust and stable YSZ host matrix.
Published: 2020

42. Broadband supercontinuum generation in nitrogen-rich silicon nitride waveguides using a 300 mm industrial platform

Author: Carlos Alonso-Ramos, Delphine Marris-Morini, Xavier Le Roux, Charles Baudot, Stephane Monfray, Eric Cassan, Sylvain Guerber, J. M Ramirez, Laurent Vivien, Christian Lafforgue, Guillaume Marcaud, Sebastien Cremer, Frederic Boeuf, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), and STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES)
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Nonlinear optics, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Supercontinuum, 010309 optics, Wavelength, chemistry.chemical_compound, CMOS, Silicon nitride, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: International audience; We report supercontinuum generation in nitrogen-rich (N-rich) silicon nitride waveguides fabricated through back-end complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible processes on a 300 mm platform. By pumping in the anomalous dispersion regime at a wavelength of 1200 nm, two-octave spanning spectra covering the visible and near-infrared ranges, including the O band, were obtained. Numerical calculations showed that the nonlinear index of N-rich silicon nitride is within the same order of magnitude as that of stoichiometric silicon nitride, despite the lower silicon content. N-rich silicon nitride then appears to be a promising candidate for nonlinear devices compatible with back-end CMOS processes.
Published: 2020

43. Fast linear electro-optic effect in a centrosymmetric semiconductor

Author: Laurent Vivien, Delphine Marris-Morini, P. Crozat, Daniel Benedikovic, Xavier Le Roux, Carlos Alonso Ramos, Mathias Berciano, Pedro Damas, Diego Pérez Galacho, Eric Cassan, Guillaume Marcaud, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Telecommunication and Multimedia Applications (iTEAM) (iTEAM Insitute), and Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
Subjects: Materials science, Electro-optic effect, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Optical communication, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, lcsh:Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, Silicon photonics, business.industry, Nonlinear optics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pockels effect, lcsh:QC1-999, Semiconductor, chemistry, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Silicon photonics, considered as a major photonic platform for optical communications in data centers, is today also developed for others applications including quantum photonics and sensing. Advanced silicon functionalities based on optical nonlinearities are then required. As the presence of inversion symmetry in the Si crystal structure prevents the exploitation of second-order optical nonlinearities, the generation of strain gradients in Si by a stressed material can be considered. However, due to the semiconductor nature of silicon with the presence of carriers, no clear evidence of second-order nonlinearities have been reported yet. Here we report an experimental demonstration of high-speed Pockels effect in silicon waveguides at 1550 nm. Additionally, a theoretical model is developed to describe its frequency behavior. A second-order nonlinear susceptibility $$\chi _{xxy}^{(2)}$$ χ x x y ( 2 ) of −1.8 ± 0.2 pm V−1 is then experimentally determined. These results pave the way for the development of fast linear electro-optic effect for advanced silicon photonics devices.
Published: 2018

44. Crystalline, Phononic, and Electronic Properties of Heterostructured Polytypic Ge Nanowires by Raman Spectroscopy

Author: Giulia Di Iorio, Riccardo Rurali, Michele Amato, Claudia Fasolato, Laetitia Vincent, Doriane Djomani, Vincent Paillard, Charles Renard, Ilaria Zardo, Marta De Luca, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Nano-Optique et Nanomatériaux pour l'optique (CEMES-NeO), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), IEF, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Théorie, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Hétérostructures pour Applications Optroniques (HAO), Alcatel-Thales III-V Lab-THALES Research & Technology, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE03-0001,DELTA,Les deltas sous l'impact du changement global(2017), Swiss National Science Foundation, Sapienza Università di Roma, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Université Paris-Saclay, and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France)
Subjects: Nanostructure, Materials science, Phonon, phonons, Nanowire, Bioengineering, electronic band alignment, 02 engineering and technology, allotrope, 01 natural sciences, Crystal, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Allotrope, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nanowires, business.industry, Heterostructure, nanowires, Raman spectroscopy, Mechanical Engineering, Heterojunction, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 3. Good health, Brillouin zone, symbols, Phonons, Optoelectronics, Direct and indirect band gaps, Electronic band alignment, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Semiconducting nanowires (NWs) offer the unprecedented opportunity to host different crystal phases in a nanostructure, which enables the formation of polytypic heterostructures where the material composition is unchanged. This characteristic boosts the potential of polytypic heterostructured NWs for optoelectronic and phononic applications. In this work, we investigate cubic Ge NWs where small (∼20 nm) hexagonal domains are formed due to a strain-induced phase transformation. By combining a nondestructive optical technique (Raman spectroscopy) with density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, we assess the phonon properties of hexagonal Ge, determine the crystal phase variations along the NW axis, and, quite remarkably, reconstruct the relative orientation of the two polytypes. Moreover, we provide information on the electronic band alignment of the heterostructure at points of the Brillouin zone different from the one (Γ) where the direct band gap recombination in hexagonal Ge takes place. We demonstrate the versatility of Raman spectroscopy and show that it can be used to determine the main crystalline, phononic, and electronic properties of the most challenging type of heterostructure (a polytypic, nanoscale heterostructure with constant material composition). The general procedure that we establish can be applied to several types of heterostructures., I.Z. acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation research grant (Project Grant No. 200021_165784). C.F. acknowledges financial support from Sapienza University scholarship “Borsa di Perfezionamento all’Estero 2017–2018”. R.R. acknowledges financial support by the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) under grant FEDER-MAT2017-90024-P and the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence Program under Grant SEV-2015-0496 and by the Generalitat de Catalunya under grants no. 2017 SGR 1506. L.V. acknowledges financial support from the IDEX Paris-Saclay (ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02). This work was partly supported by the ANR HEXSIGE project (ANR-17-CE030-0014-01) of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche. R.R. and M.A. thank Giacomo Giorgi and Thanayut Kaewmaraya for useful discussions.
Published: 2018

45. Circuits intégrés photoniques silicium

Author: F. Bœuf, Carlos Alonso-Ramos, Bertrand Szelag, Laurent Vivien, Charles Baudot, Eric Cassan, Delphine Marris-Morini, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic
Abstract: International audience; Photoniques 93 L e silicium (Si) est l'un des ma-tériaux qui ont radicalement changé le monde scientifique, technologique et sociétal à partir de l'invention du transistor en 1947. L'extraordinaire évolution vers la miniaturisation des transistors et l'augmentation de leur nombre pour la réalisation de circuits intégrés et fonctions complexes ont conduit au développement de l'industrie de la mi-croélectronique et de ses multiples applications résultantes. Cette évolution a principalement suivi la « loi de Moore », énoncée par Gordon Moore en 1965, prévoyant une augmentation exponen-tielle du nombre de transistors par puce tous les 18 mois. Depuis cette époque, le silicium est le matériau le plus utilisé de l'industrie des semi-conducteurs pour des raisons physiques et technologiques (qualité de son oxyde, la silice, et de l'in-terface avec son oxyde, propriétés méca-niques et thermiques) et économiques (large accès à la matière première, le si-licium ; retour sur investissement des infrastructures rapidement atteint). Cependant, depuis quelques années, les progrès fulgurants de l'électro-nique silicium atteignent des limites, en particulier en termes de puissance consommée bien trop élevée dans une ère où l'impact énergétique est une prio-rité majeure, et de bande passante pour laquelle les débits visés pour répondre à la demande croissante devient trop faible. En effet, les nombreuses inter-connexions électriques nécessaires aux transferts de données au sein des puces électroniques sont une source majeure de dissipation de puissance. Pour pallier ces limitations, les interconnexions optiques, consistant à miniaturiser des liens optiques complets en vue de vé-hiculer des signaux rapides sur puce, sont considérées depuis une vingtaine d'années comme une solution alternative intéressante au tout-électronique. Afin de conserver la compatibilité avec les technologies de la microélec-tronique (essentiellement CMOS), l'utilisation du silicium pour la pho-tonique a rapidement été considérée comme la voie principale à explorer, laissant de côté des solutions telles que l'intégration totalement hybride de composants optoélectroniques à base de semiconducteurs III/V déjà dé-veloppées pour le domaine des télécoms par fibres optiques. L'évolution vers la photonique Si a été notamment per-mise grâce à l'émergence de substrats polyvalents en silicium sur isolant (SOI) et aux propriétés optiques intéressantes du silicium offrant une large fenêtre de transparence pour des longueurs d'onde allant de 1,1 μm à 7 μm [2]. En outre, les substrats SOI donnent accès à un fort contraste d'indice de réfraction entre celui du silicium Si (n Si ≈ 3,47 vers λ = 1,55 μm) et celui de la silice SiO 2 (n SiO2 ≈ 1,45), permettant le développe-ment de composants compacts adap-tés à une forte densité d'intégration des composants optiques. En dépit de ces atouts, le silicium présente plusieurs inconvénients in-trinsèques pour la photonique, à sa-voir principalement une structure de bandes électroniques indirecte et une maille cristalline centrosymétrique. Ces propriétés conduisent à une très faible efficacité du processus d'émission de photons (pour la réalisation de sources), et à l'absence d'effet électro-optique li-néaire (Pockels) couramment exploité dans les systèmes de communications modernes avec le niobate de lithium ou les matériaux semiconducteurs III/V pour la réalisation de modulateurs élec-tro-optiques rapides. Si l'on y ajoute sa transparence dans le proche infrarouge, empêchant la réalisation de photodé-tecteurs dans cette gamme de lon-gueurs d'onde, il est ainsi notable que le silicium en lui-même ne présente que peu de propriétés favorables à la réali-sation des trois fonctions essentielles : source/modulation/détection d'un lien optique intégré. Malgré tout, les efforts de recherche des centres académiques et industriels déployés pour étendre CIRCUITS INTÉGRÉS photoniques silicium La photonique silicium suit la devise : « plus petit, moins cher, plus rapide », comme la microélectronique plusieurs années auparavant, en exploitant une intégration à très grande échelle des composants et circuits intégrés de plus en plus complexes. L'incroyable évolution des systèmes communicants avec en particulier le déploiement des réseaux Internet et mobiles, des objets connectés et des capteurs a fait émerger la photonique silicium pour répondre à ces nouveaux enjeux majeurs. article publié sous les conditions définies par la licence Creative Commons attribution License CC-BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), qui autorise sans restrictions l'utilisation, la diffusion, et la reproduction sur quelque support que ce soit, sous réserve de citation correcte de la publication originale.
Published: 2018

46. Ultra-high on-chip optical gain in erbium-based hybrid slot waveguides

Author: Rönn, John, Zhang, Weiwei, Autere, Anton, Leroux, Xavier, Pakarinen, Lasse, Alonso-Ramos, Carlos, Säynätjoki, Antti, Lipsanen, Harri, Vivien, Laurent, Cassan, Eric, Sun, Zhipei, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aalto University, Zhipei Sun Group, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Department of Applied Physics, and Aalto-yliopisto
Subjects: Science, STRIP, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, NM, Article, LASERS, Hardware_GENERAL, AMPLIFIERS, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, SILICON, PHOTONICS
Abstract: Efficient and reliable on-chip optical amplifiers and light sources would enable versatile integration of various active functionalities on the silicon platform. Although lasing on silicon has been demonstrated with semiconductors by using methods such as wafer bonding or molecular beam epitaxy, cost-effective mass production methods for CMOS-compatible active devices are still lacking. Here, we report ultra-high on-chip optical gain in erbium-based hybrid slot waveguides with a monolithic, CMOS-compatible and scalable atomic-layer deposition process. The unique layer-by-layer nature of atomic-layer deposition enables atomic scale engineering of the gain layer properties and straightforward integration with silicon integrated waveguides. We demonstrate up to 20.1 ± 7.31 dB/cm and at least 52.4 ± 13.8 dB/cm net modal and material gain per unit length, respectively, the highest performance achieved from erbium-based planar waveguides integrated on silicon. Our results show significant advances towards efficient on-chip amplification, opening a route to large-scale integration of various active functionalities on silicon., Realizing efficient on-chip amplification in silicon is challenging due to either non-compatible integration or small gain per unit length of the amplifier material. Here, the authors report ultra-high on-chip optical gain in erbium-based hybrid silicon nitride slot waveguides with a monolithic, CMOS-compatible and scalable atomic-layer deposition process.
Published: 2019

47. Evidential framework for Error Correcting Output Code classification

Author: Le Hégarat-Mascle, S., Lachaize, Marie, Hégarat-Mascle, Sylvie Le, Aldea, Emanuel, Maitrot, Aude, Reynaud, Roger, Systèmes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie (SATIE), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Veolia France, SYSNAV, Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Computer science, Hyperspectral imaging, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Multiclass classification, Artificial Intelligence, Control and Systems Engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Error correcting, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The Error Correcting Output Codes offer a proper matrix framework to model the decomposition of a multiclass classification problem into simpler subproblems. How to perform the decomposition to best fit the data while using a small number of classifiers has been a research hotspot, as well as the decoding part, which deals with the subproblem combination. In this work, we propose an evidential unified framework that handles both the coding and decoding steps. Using the Belief Function Theory, we propose an efficient modelling, where each dichotomizer in the ECOC strategy is considered as an independent information source. This framework allows us to easily model the refutation information provided by sparse dichotomizers and also to derive measures to detect tricky samples for which additional dichotomizers could be needed to ensure decisions. Our approach was tested on hyperspectral data used to classify nine different types of material. According to the results obtained, our approach allows us to achieve top performance using compact ECOC while presenting a high level of modularity.
Published: 2018

48. Magnetic domain wall motion in SrRuO3 thin films

Author: Zahradník, Martin, Uhlířová, Klára, Maroutian, Thomas, Kurij, Georg, Agnus, Guillaume, Veis, Martin, Lecoeur, Philippe, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, lcsh:TA401-492, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], equipment and supplies, human activities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Influence of substrate miscut on magnetization dynamics in SrRuO$_3$ (SRO) thin films was studied. Two films were grown on SrTiO$_3$ substrates with high ($\sim1^{\circ}$) and low ($\sim0.1^{\circ}$) miscut angles, respectively. As expected, high miscut angle leads to suppression of multi-variant growth. By means of SQUID magnetometry, comparable relaxation effects were observed in both the multi-variant and the nearly single-variant sample. Differences in the magnetization reversal process were revealed by magnetic force microscopy. It showed that the multi-variant growth leads to higher density of defects acting as pinning or nucleation sites for magnetic domains, which consequently results in deterioration of magnetic properties. It was demonstrated that the use of high miscut substrate is important for fabrication of high quality SRO thin films with low density of crystallographic defects and excellent magnetic properties., Comment: 9 pages plus graphical abstract and highlights
Published: 2019

49. Optical wireless link between a nanoscale antenna and a transducing rectenna

Author: Dasgupta, Arindam, Mennemanteuil, Marie-Maxime, Buret, Mickaël, Cazier, Nicolas, Colas-Des-Francs, Gerard, Bouhelier, Alexandre, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Applied Physics, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Article, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, lcsh:Q, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Initiated as a cable-replacement solution, short-range wireless power transfer has rapidly become ubiquitous in the development of modern high-data throughput networking in centimeter to meter accessibility range. Wireless technology is now penetrating a higher level of system integration for chip-to-chip and on-chip radiofrequency interconnects. However, standard CMOS integrated millimeter-wave antennas have typical size commensurable with the operating wavelength, and are thus an unrealistic solution for downsizing transmitters and receivers to the micrometer and nanometer scale. Herein, we demonstrate a light-in and electrical signal-out, on-chip wireless near-infrared link between a 220 nm optical antenna and a sub-nanometer rectifying antenna converting the transmitted optical energy into direct electrical current. The co-integration of subwavelength optical functional devices with electronic transduction offers a disruptive solution to interface photons and electrons at the nanoscale for on-chip wireless optical interconnects., Integrating optical and electrical components for communication systems is challenging due to the differences of scale. The authors have developed an on-chip light-to-electrical wireless link between a nanoantenna and an optical rectifier, envisioned as a solution for future integrated wireless interconnects.
Published: 2018

50. Neural-like computing with populations of superparamagnetic basis functions

Author: Mizrahi, Alice, Hirtzlin, Tifenn, Fukushima, Akio, Kubota, Hitoshi, Yuasa, Shinji, Grollier, Julie, Querlioz, Damien, Unité mixte de physique CNRS/Thales (UMPhy CNRS/THALES), THALES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'électronique fondamentale (IEF), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Article, Emerging Technologies (cs.ET), FOS: Biological sciences, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC), lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN
Abstract: In neuroscience, population coding theory demonstrates that neural assemblies can achieve fault-tolerant information processing. Mapped to nanoelectronics, this strategy could allow for reliable computing with scaled-down, noisy, imperfect devices. Doing so requires that the population components form a set of basis functions in terms of their response functions to inputs, offering a physical substrate for calculating. For this purpose, the responses of the nanodevices should be non-linear, and each tuned to different values of the input. These strong requirements have prevented a demonstration of population coding with nanodevices. Here, we show that nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions can be assembled to meet these requirements. We demonstrate experimentally that a population of nine junctions can implement a basis set of functions, providing the data to achieve, for example, the generation of cursive letters. We design hybrid magnetic-CMOS systems based on interlinked populations of junctions and show that they can learn to realize non-linear variability-resilient transformations with a low imprint area and low power., 5 figures
Published: 2018

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