Search

This research examines how a firm's cloud storage implementation affects different types of security breaches in both the short- and long-term. Building on the attention-based view, we find that cloud storage implementation positively relates to a firm's external breaches and accidental internal breaches in the short-term. However, the positive relationship between cloud storage implementation and external breaches diminishes over time and becomes insignificant long-term. Our results demonstrate a long-term security advantage of cloud storage in reducing accidental internal breaches. We did not find a significant association between cloud storage and malicious internal breaches. Findings highlight the need for firms to direct limited resources to different security risks in the short- and long-term of cloud storage implementation over time. This research contributes to our understanding of cloud storage's security implications and explicitly theorizes the role of attention in firm IT security management. We contribute to the attention-based view by contextualizing the theory to IT security. We highlight temporal dynamics through distinct attentional mechanisms, including selective attention, attentional flexibility, and attentional vigilance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the information security management research involving fear appeals is guided by either protection motivation theory or the extended parallel processing model. Over time, extant research has extended these theories, as well as their derivative theories, in a variety of ways, leading to several theoretical and empirical inconsistencies. The large body of fragmented, and sometimes conflicting, research has muddied the broader understanding of what drives protection- and defensive motivation. We provide guidance to the security discourse by offering the first study in the literature to employ two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling (TSSEM), which combines covariance-based structural equation modeling and meta-analysis. Information systems (IS) researchers have traditionally used meta-analysis for structural equation modeling for such purposes—an approach that has several serious statistical flaws. Using 341 systematically selected empirical security articles (representing 383 unique studies) and TSSEM, we pool a large series of five datasets to test six models, from which we examine the effects of constructs and paths in the security fear-appeals literature. We compare and test six versions of models inspired by issues in the broader fear-appeals literature. We confirm the importance of both the threat- and coping-appraisal processes; establish the central role of fear and that it has greater importance than threat; show that efficacy is a stronger predictor of protection motivation than is threat; demonstrate that response costs as currently measured are ineffective but that maladaptive rewards have a strong negative effect on protection motivation and a positive effect on defensive motivation; and provide evidence that dual models of danger control and fear control should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors explore the issue of safeguarding personal data, particularly its identifying components, in the context of the Internet. Doxing, a criminal act involving the unauthorized collection of information and its public dissemination without the owner's consent, has gained significant traction on social media platforms, where identifying information can be quickly spread and misused against individuals. Large language models (artificial intelligence) are integrated into many software programs designed to protect personal data. However, in light of large-scale data breaches, the authors raise concerns about the liability of entities or individuals who fail to adequately secure such data, especially when cyber incidents are linked to the use of AL The rapid advancement and widespread use of artificial intelligence contribute to these growing concerns. In 2023, the emergence of several language models facilitated both the manipulation and aggregation of data, exacerbating the problem. The authors express serious concerns about ensuring user privacy and information security in a landscape increasingly shaped by open-source intelligence and the further exploitation of such data. In an era where personal data has become a highly valuable commodity, protecting it has become a priority for governments worldwide. In light of this, the authors aim to examine and synthesize international legal approaches to safeguarding the right to privacy and regulating the protection of personal (identifying) information on the Internet. The study relies on general scientific methods of inquiry, including comparative analysis and modelling. The authors conclude that cyberattacks, the theft of personal data, the increasing use of open-source intelligence, the penetration of digital identification technologies into all socio-economic processes, and the proliferation of the Internet of Things pose real threats to individual privacy and the security of identifying information as a critical component of personal data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the modem capabilities of certain types of forensic examinations in combating crimes that encroach on the information security of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the need to protect the information structure of the state, which is designed to ensure security and, as a result, stability and stability of the main spheres of life, in particular, state and military administration, economy, science, as well as public consciousness from dangerous destabilizing and destructive informational influences. It is emphasized that the dissemination of destructive materials poses a threat to the national interests of Ukraine, as it can provoke significant social conflicts in the economic, political, religious and other spheres of public life, as well as encroach on the constitutional order, territorial integrity and independence of the state, and the national consciousness of its population. It is noted separately that the text and non-verbal components of extremist materials are the main subject of research and the main source of evidence in criminal proceedings about crimes against the information security of Ukraine. A forensic linguist determines whether a specific text actually contains exhortations and what their content is, their direction, what their nature is and what audience they are intended for, etc. In addition, determining the semantic direction of the disputed text is a preliminary and mandatory condition for the legal assessment of the act as illegal and this provides grounds for conducting a pre-trial investigation. Interpretation and interpretation of the meaning of an oral statement or a written text requires the mandatory involvement of special linguistic knowledge not only in cases of using manipulative techniques of speech influence on the audience, but also to identify propaganda reflected by the audience, calls to commit certain actions, threats and incitement, justification or substantiation of the need to carry out illegal activity. The opinion is expressed that before the experts involved in the pre-trial investigation, the question arises not only of establishing the content of the text, but also its direction, the used specific means of influencing the reader or the audience with the aim of inciting certain illegal actions that harm the interests of the state. That is, issues of psychological influence are resolved by publicizing appeals using speech media. The article draws attention to the expediency of a comprehensive psycho-linguistic study of communication objects. It is emphasized that in the psycholinguistic examination it is necessary to form questions to the expert in such a way that it reflects the linguistic and psychological aspects of those phenomena which in law have a name that is conveyed in verbal form and in a certain way. It is noted separately that the expert opinion of both linguistic and psycho-linguistic expertise should in no case contain a legal assessment, which can be exercised only by the pre-trial investigation body, the defense and the court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the identification of priority directions for ensuring information sovereignty of Ukraine. The publication proves that the information sovereignty of the state should be talked about only under the condition of creating opportunities to ensure it, which should include: the creation of a comprehensive normative and legal regulation of the concept of «information sovereignty», directions of its provision (legislative definition and provision of strategic directions for the development and protection of the national information space, determination of norms, principles and limits of activities of foreign and international entities in the national information space of Ukraine); powers of relevant bodies and their coordination and interaction; participation in the creation and development of international law norms with a view to integration into the global information space, in particular, the activation of Ukraine's participation in the discussion and resolution of issues of the functioning and development of the global information space, because only under such conditions will its national interests in the aspect of ensuring information sovereignty be taken into account. An important aspect of ensuring Ukraine's information sovereignty is solving the problems of reintegration of Ukraine's information space through the formation of a state focused on democratic values and promoting its image as a civilized European country; citizen education and formation of national and civic identity, formation of a political nation on the basis of basic democratic values; unification of society by a national idea. In order to implement the mentioned initiatives, it is considered necessary to implement several vectors - information aimed at forming a sense of unity in the minds of citizens; legal, the purpose of which is to overcome gaps in national information legislation, to reconcile conflicts; public, aimed at the development of a broad public dialogue on the problems of forming the information model of the state, educational - aimed at forming a system of media literacy and media culture, security, aimed at forming the foundations of national information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes current issues in protecting the information security of enterprises, which is an integral part of modern business activities. Emphasizing the importance of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information assets, the authors highlight the need to implement comprehensive measures aimed at neutralizing both internal and external threats. By utilizing modern methods of encryption, authentication, and access management, enterprises are capable of integrating information security into their overall business strategy, ensuring its resilience. Focusing on the importance of personnel training, the researchers recommend employing enhanced monitoring mechanisms to timely detect threats, thereby maintaining business stability and competitiveness in the contemporary information landscape. Effective information security of business activities requires the implementation of comprehensive mechanisms that cover both legal and technical aspects. One of the main elements of such a system is the legal framework. Modern laws and regulations create a legal framework for the protection of information data. Information cooperation between business entities, government agencies and international organizations is one of the main components of the information security system. Cooperation between these entities allows for timely detection and neutralization of threats. It is necessary to develop mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of information security measures. Modern businesses need tools that allow them to respond quickly to threats and adapt to new challenges. Solving these unresolved issues is important for creating a reliable system of ensuring information security of business activities in the mod ern information environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the current risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in processing personal data (PD), particularly about individuals' privacy and confidentiality rights. The paper identifies and examines specific areas of artificial intelligence data processing and discusses how modern trends and threats to data protection impact the development of a robust regulatory framework for managing such technologies. The analysis of Ukraine's digital transformation journey and specific cases of privacy rights violations through artificial intelligence globally has highlighted unauthorized access to data and insufficient preventive measures for information protection. These issues have been found to harm information security and economic stability. Despite this, there has been a notable trend on online platforms to label content created with the assistance of artificial intelligence. The paper delves into the legal nature of artificial intelligence and the need for an interdisciplinary approach involving both legal mechanisms and technological tools due to the complexity of the data it uses. Furthermore, artificial intelligence is shown to play a crucial role in updating legal regimes, particularly in information security, personal data protection, and individual privacy. Given this, the main shortcomings of the national legislation on the protection of PD have been considered. The national strategy for regulating artificial intelligence has been analyzed, and ways of solving key problems in these fields have been proposed. A separate point was noted in the draft laws on protecting personal data in Ukraine and how they align with European data protection standards in the context of developing artificial intelligence. Also, for comparison, strategies for developing artificial intelligence through the prism of international experience are presented, and European legislation on data protection (General Data Protection Regulation) and the EU Act on AI are processed to identify the main points of their relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with theoretical approaches to the concept and essence of underage subjects of information relations in the context of legal communication. The article aims to provide a systemic analysis of the legal framework for minors' information security and formulate a comprehensive approach to its development in the context of the digital transformation of society. The object is social relations aimed at legal support of information security of minors. The subject of the study is a set of legal acts of Ukraine and international legal acts regulating public relations in the field of ensuring the information security of minors when using information technologies. The study is based on a comprehensive approach to the model of legal support for the information security of minors, taking into account their special status, based on an interdisciplinary approach. The systemic analysis expands the understanding of the peculiarities of subjects and objects of information relations related to the legal provision of information security of minors, and the conceptual and categorical apparatus in this area. The legal provisions relating to the information security of minors as subjects of information law are homogeneous in nature. They are widely used by various branches of law. It is noted that the system of information rights of minors should contain an element of development and formation of minors in the modern digital space and should consider a minor as a person who has reached a certain level of digital maturity. The second important element of the system of information rights is the right to use secure information technologies in the educational process, based on the right to secure information interaction, expressed in the absence of destructive influence as an element of care for children's information and psychological safety. It creates a sub-institution of information security of a minor as a component of the institution of legal support for the information security of a person. It expands theoretical and informational concepts regarding the content of the specific features of information rights of minors as independent subjects of information relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of key aspects that arise in connection with the digitalization of the economy and the growth of electronic commerce. The impact of technology on business models, legal regulation of electronic transactions, protection of consumer rights and cyber security issues are investigated. The article emphasizes that digitization opens new opportunities for business, in particular through the implementation of digital platforms, omnichannel strategies and process automation. Digital platforms such as Amazon and Alibaba are becoming important tools for business globalization as they facilitate access to international markets, reduce the need for physical infrastructure, and enable the integration of business processe s. The legal regulation of electronic transactions and contracts has been studied. It is noted that the development of e-commerce requires legal certainty, regarding electronic signatures, electronic documents and digital identifiers. There are differences in approaches to these issues in different countries, which creates challenges for cross-border trade. In Ukraine, this issue is regulated by the Law «On electronic identification and electronic trust services», which meets EU standards, particularly the eIDAS Regulation. Challenges related to the protection of consumer rights in the digital economy are analyzed. Consumers face new risks such as privacy breaches and fraud in the online environment. International standards, such as GDPR, ensure a high level of personal data protection, while Ukrainian legislation needs further harmonization with international norms to increase the level of consumer rights protection. The policy of cyber security in the field of implementation of legal relations in electronic commerce was studied. Data protection, cybercrime prevention and information security are becoming key challenges for national governments and international organizations. It is important to implement international standards, such as PCI DSS, which guarantee the security of payment card data during their processing and storage. The fact that digitalization, on the one hand, requires adaptation of legal regulation to new conditions, but on the other hand, creates new opportunities for improving legal mechanisms, is summarized. Studying these aspects allows for a deeper understanding of how to adapt legal systems to further the development of e-commerce and ensure a balance between innovation and the protection of the rights of participants in the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the activities of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine in the context of ensuring national interests and information security of the state. In the third year of the full-scale, combined with a hybrid component, the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the issue of information sovereignty becomes a critical element of the country's overall security. Attention is focused on the role of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine as a key body responsible for the formation and implementation of state policy in the fields of culture, information policy, and national heritage. The article analyzes the organizational and legal foundations of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine, its functions and tasks. Special attention is paid to the legal and regulatory aspects of the functioning of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine, its evolution, as well as interaction with other state authorities, in particular the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, and the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting. Since the Constitution of Ukraine does not provide for a specific department responsible for information security, the functions of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine are regulated by secondary legislation and specific laws, such as the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine" and the Law of Ukraine "On Media". The study emphasizes that the Information Security Strategy of Ukraine, approved in 2021, defines key threats and tasks in the field of information sovereignty. It also lays the foundation for coordinated actions of all subjects of state policy in countering destructive informational influences. The significance of the Information Security Strategy as an important regulatory document defining the basics of protection against external and internal threats is outlined. The Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine, among other tasks, forms and publishes a list of persons who pose threats to national security. The problem of separation of powers in the field of information security is analyzed. At the same time, it is emphasized that information security remains one of the key priorities of national security, particularly in the context of countering disinformation and other negative informational influences. It is emphasized that strengthening cooperation between authorities and civil society is key to ensuring a stable information space and forming a favorable environment for the protection of Ukraine's national interests. The results of the study are aimed at finding ways to increase the effectiveness of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine in the context of countering modern threats and ensuring information sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, among other new technologies, have attracted the attention and interest of practitioners and researchers in cognitive cybersecurity regarding the use of AI technologies to protect digital as well as analogue systems. This mixed-method study explores the main determinants of cognitive cybersecurity adoption at the individual level. We propose an integrated model with unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model in combination with trust, word-of-mouth, information security awareness, and habit. We empirically examine the hypotheses using a survey of 267 people from southern Europe. The results obtained from the use of structural equation modelling show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and word-of-mouth affect behavioural intention. The behavioural intention and word-of-mouth influences use behaviour. The results were triangulated with field interviews, which supported the findings. This study offers a valuable contribution to software-selling companies that are at the moment, or will in the future be, interested and/or involved in developing cognitive cybersecurity software to be used at an individual level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoresistive sensors are indispensable in applications such as healthcare monitoring, artificial intelligence, and advanced communication systems. However, achieving wearable sensors that offer both high sensitivity and a wide linear range remains a significant challenge. Here, an all‐carbon piezoresistive sensor is presented, named, featuring high biocompatibility, chemical stability, environmental sustainability, and a straightforward fabrication process. This sensor, integrating a double‐sided pyramidal carbon aerogel (DPA) as the sensing layer, a silicone frame as the elastic support (ES), and superhydrophobic graphene‐coated nylon fabric as the breathable conductive substrate (BCS), was named as DPA‐ES@BCS. Finite element analysis confirms that the synergistic interaction between the DPA and silicone frame enhances the sensor's sensitivity while extending its linear range. This multiscale design achieves an exceptional sensitivity of 37.3 kPa−1, a broad linear detection ranges from 0 to 1.4 MPa, and outstanding stability over 30 000 cycles. Additionally, the high‐performance wearable sensor is well‐suited for real‐time physiological signal monitoring and demonstrates exceptional capability in voice recognition, accurately distinguishing words using machine learning algorithms. Moreover, the DPA‐ES@BCS sensor array shows great potential for enhancing information security through dual‐factor authentication. This approach not only advances the piezoresistive performance of all‐carbon sensors but also provides a strong foundation for developing next‐generation sensor technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper focuses on the adoption of multi‐perspective theory to study teachers' attitudes and intentions towards using intelligent mixed reality (MR) devices for classroom behaviour analysis. The research model integrates TRI (Technology Readiness Index), IDT (Innovation Diffusion Theory), ECM (Expectation Confirmation Theory) and TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) model. The variable of insecurity is considered to address the concerns regarding information security in the use of artificial intelligence in education. The study identifies that innovation and relative advantage significantly and positively influence teachers' attitudes towards using intelligent MR devices. PeoU (perceived ease of use), however, does not have a significant impact on attitudes, suggesting that teachers prioritize the benefits of enhancing teaching quality over the complexity of the devices. PU (perceived usefulness) emerges as a key variable for teachers' adoption of intelligent MR devices, prompting the need for attention from designers and manufacturers. Regression analysis reveals that gender does not influence the use of new technology, while teachers with more teaching experience and those working in remote areas express greater receptiveness towards utilizing new technology. The paper recognizes the potential of intelligent teaching devices to address educational challenges and promote equity in remote areas by providing auxiliary tools for teachers to improve teaching efficiency and quality. Teacher training and technical support are emphasized as crucial factors for effective use of artificial intelligence teaching devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in synthesis and sequencing techniques have made deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) a promising alternative for next-generation digital storage. As it approaches practical application, ensuring the security of DNA-stored information has become a critical problem. Deniable encryption allows the decryption of different information from the same ciphertext, ensuring that the "plausible" fake information can be provided when users are coerced to reveal the real information. In this paper, we propose a deniable encryption method that uniquely leverages DNA noise channels. Specifically, true and fake messages are encrypted by two similar modulation carriers and subsequently obfuscated by inherent errors. Experiment results demonstrate that our method not only can conceal true information among fake ones indistinguishably, but also allow both the coercive adversary and the legitimate receiver to decrypt the intended information accurately. Further security analysis validates the resistance of our method against various typical attacks. Compared with conventional DNA cryptography methods based on complex biological operations, our method offers superior practicality and reliability, positioning it as an ideal solution for data encryption in future large-scale DNA storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms suffer security‐interdependent risks while applying network technology, causing severe customer churn. This paper studies the security and price decisions of security‐interdependent firms that face security‐sensitivity consumers. We show that one firm's product price increases (decreases) with the other's security efforts under positive (negative) interdependence. Firms can overinvest or underinvest in security due to security interdependence. Two mechanisms are proposed to solve this distortion. In the Reward mechanism, the firms reward (penalize) the other under the positive (negative) interdependence. In the Outsourcing mechanism, the security service providers raise (reduce) the compensations with consumer sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid organic-inorganic molecular ferroelectrics have emerged as promising materials for multifunctional piezoelectric devices. However, they present challenges in practical applications because of their inherent brittleness and poor ductility. Herein, we present a flexible mechano-optical dual-responsive molecular ferroelectric composite by incorporating trimethylchloromethyl ammonium (TMCM)-MnCl3 into styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) matrix. The SEBS/TMCM-MnCl3 exhibits excellent stretchable mechanical properties (tensile strain >1300%, thickness of 30 μm), piezoelectricity, and photoluminescence, enabling advanced visual-tactile- fused anticounterfeiting and encryption applications. Anticounterfeiting and antitampering tags are developed to judge whether the valued items are true or tampered with based on pattern recognition and piezoelectric response, respectively. Additionally, high-security password keyboards featuring triple-layer encryption are designed, offering more password combinations (524,288 times greater than those of traditional password devices relying solely on digital encryption) and enhanced security reliability against cracking attempts. This work can inspire designs of multifunctional optoelectronic materials and enable visual-tactile- fused intelligent applications in human-machine interfaces, information security, and advanced robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoiding the second leakage and boosting the complexity of confidential information have been two key directions in the development of the field of information security. However, it still remains formidable challenges to combine these two strategies in a single luminescent material. Here, it has integrated multiple‐node time‐gated information encryption and self‐erased decryption data with transient imaging feature for enormously enhancing the information security protection based on the dynamic assembling/disassembling process of luminescence copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). Multiple CuNCs‐based assemblies for the information encryption are controlled after introducing metal ions (Zn2+ and Al3+) and ammonia, which gives rise to the tremendously fluorescence improvement of CuNCs through aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect. These assemblies can be disassembled upon adding a chelator agent (EDTA) in concomitant with fluorescence vanishing behavior. Their decomposition rates heavily depend on the type of metal ions, ammonia concentration, and EDTA concentration. Based on the dynamic disassembling process, time‐dependent multi‐node information is encrypted. The real information can be read observed only once at the correct “time key” and then automatically self‐destructed within dozens of minutes. This study provides new insights into designing advanced information security protection against the risk of the second leakage and deciphering data of confidential information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunable orthogonal full‐color luminescence has emerged as a new class of smart luminescence phenomenon with wide applications ranging from photonics to biomedicine. However, the current research is focused on complex multilayer core‐shell nanostructures (e.g., 5–8 shell layers) with a single upconversion mode, greatly limiting their synthesis and practical application. Herein, this work proposes a simple core‐shell structure to integrate upconversion and downshifting dual‐mode luminescence based on Gd3+‐mediated interfacial energy transfer and Ce3+‐assisted cross relaxation. This design is able to suppress cross‐talk of multiple emissions and simplify the sample structure by removing the conventionally required intermediate isolation layer. Importantly, it further enables the arbitrarily controllable multicolor output at a single nanoparticle level by adopting the tri‐channel selective excitation wavelengths (980/808/254 nm), greatly expanding the conventional red‐green‐blue (RGB) color gamut. Moreover, the use of these nanoparticles promotes the information security level and the complexity of anti‐counterfeiting modes by adopting a pre‐set logic Morse information encryption and decryption strategy. These results provide effective guidance for the rational nanostructure design of novel orthogonal trichromatic emissive materials for a variety of frontier applications such as advanced anticounterfeiting and information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the legal support for electronic document management in Ukraine. It is determined that the introduction of innovative transformations in Ukraine in the context of information technology development involves the use of modern forms and methods of work based on electronic information exchange. Numerous forms and methods that have been used for decades in the field of information and communication relations for information processing have proven to be unjustified and ineffective in the new social and information and innovative realities. Electronic document management has replaced paper document management. The study found that the electronic document management system in Ukraine is undergoing a long path of development and formation. The introduction of electronic document management contributes to the digital modernization of Ukraine. The availability of reformed legislation is important for carrying out qualitative changes, which generates legal certainty of the status of subjects of the process of significant transformations. The electronic form of documents provides the necessary level of information security for participants in legal relations, since the exchange of documents occurs in encrypted form using a qualified electronic signature. It has been established that there is a saving of human and material resources that were previously used for printing, sending and storing documents. Remote advantages provide mobility and convenience of document transfer via electronic document management platforms or e-mail. The implementation of this document management system allows creating electronic archives for more efficient document storage. It has been established that the main effect of introducing electronic document management is resource-based. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the risks of introducing electronic document management by both state and local government bodies a nd business entities. The state of electronic document management in Ukraine in the field of public administration has been analyzed and ways of its further development have been identified. It has been established that the legal support for electronic document management requires further development, updating, balance, harmonization with international legal norms and standards. Implementation of high-quality legal, institutional, organizational, and managerial transformations in the sphere of public administration in the context of European integration requirements based on the recognition of a person as the highest social value is an urgent vital necessity, which will contribute to the development of Ukraine as a competitive state with a strong economy and advanced technologi es. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Optical chaos is an attractive topic due to its unique dynamics and has been widely investigated in external‐cavity lasers. While chaotic behavior is hindered by undesired periodicity from external feedback. Although a self‐chaotic micro‐laser based on nonlinear interaction of internal modes can eliminate the periodicity, the inevitable characteristic frequency related to well‐defined cavity limits the improvement of chaotic performance. By virtue of the inherent randomness, disordered optical system can naturally avoid characteristic frequency and is deemed an ideal platform for generating self‐chaos. Here, the dynamical evolution process of self‐chaos in disordered optical system is observed, and self‐chaotic behavior can be flexibly manipulated by altering the interaction strength among random modes. Simultaneously, by adopting Erbium‐Raman hybrid gain, chaotic bandwidth can be synergistically enhanced to 38 GHz, which is successfully employed for higher‐speed true random bits generation and a scheme of local information encryption with higher‐quality. This work paves the way for investigating complex chaotic dynamics in disordered systems and showcases great potentialities within information security applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article emphasises that in the context of a full-scale war and economic crisis, protection of Ukraine's leading industries becomes one of the state's priority tasks. Not only the economic independence of the country, but also its defence capability depends on the preservation and development of these industries. The article identifies the leading industries of Ukraine that require priority protection. The main risks and threats to these industries are analysed. A set of priority measures to protect the leading industries has been developed, including financial support, tax and customs benefits, state guarantees, creation of a favourable investment climate, technology modernisation and innovation, and protection of intellectual property. The implementation of the proposed measures will definitely contribute to strengthening the country's economic security and, accordingly, its defence capability. It is emphasised that in the context of globalisation and competition in international markets, it is extremely important to ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of key production sectors, including energy, machine building, and heavy industry. National priorities in this area should include the development and implementation of effective protection strategies, modernisation of the technological base, improvement of product quality, creation of a favourable investment climate and ener gy security. The author suggests that analysis of innovation trends, study of international experience and introduction of advanced technologies are key aspects of development and protection of leading industries. An effective system of intellectual property protection, implementation of effective cybersecurity and information security measures, and support of state programmes for the development of production capacities contribute to strengthening the protection of import ant sectors of the economy. The author concludes that studying and analysing the problems of protecting Ukraine's leading industries and developing national priorities in this regard are important tasks for ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of the country's economy in the current conditions of geopolitical and economic challenges, as well as for the post-war reconstruc tion of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Displaying the same data in different optical modes has improved both storage capacity and information security. However, it always requires either sophisticated chemistry or expensive experimental setup to build a dual‐mode or even multi‐mode anti‐counterfeiting system. Here, a rewritable dual‐mode pattern is designed, based on the second‐generation Donor‐acceptor Stenhouse adducts decorated polyethylene glycol crystal. Uniform square crystals are obtained through a simple process of controlled solvent evaporation. Complex pattern such as words can be written on the crystals with the help of microregional irradiation. It endows the high‐resolution of the pattern that only the area exposed to light goes through the discoloration and fluorescence change. The great reversibility and fatigue resistance of the photochromism enable the crystals to be repeatedly utilized, making them qualified candidates as high‐level anti‐counterfeiting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn4+-activated luminescent materials exhibit high color purity red light emission, but their limited water resistance hinders practical applications. In this study, citric and oxalic acids are innovatively employed for surface modification, resulting in luminescent materials with enhanced water resistance while preserving their luminescent intensity. This enhancement provides a prerequisite for their application in anti-counterfeiting films and aqueous fluorescent inks. Furthermore, the potential for optical information storage is successfully demonstrated by utilizing the photochromic fluorescent properties of polyvinyl alcohol films deposited on oxalic acid-modified K 2 SiF 6 :Mn4+. Exploiting the 3 ms day time difference between equivalently and non-equivalently doped Mn4+ fluoride, a millisecond information encryption mode is proposed by combining oxalic acid-modified K 2 SiF 6 :Mn4+ (long decay time, τ = 8.99 ms) and K 3 AlF 6 :Mn4+ (short decay time, τ = 5.31 ms). This mode can be effectively decoded using digital cameras and editing software, achieving high-level anti-counterfeiting capabilities. This work advances the application of highly efficient Mn4+-activated red phosphors in the realm of information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global focus on electromagnetic interference and pollution is undeniable. To counter these challenges, high-performance microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs), typically composed of dielectric and magnetic components, offer effective solutions by ensuring favorable impedance matching. Leveraging these MAMs has proven beneficial across various sectors, including 5G technology, information security, energy harvesting, diminished radar cross-section, and advancements in military applications. We successfully synthesized composites of La 1.5 Sr 0.5 NiO 4 (LSNO) and SrFe 12 O 19 (SrM) composites through ball milling and heat treatment. With the escalation of SrM weight percentage in the composites, noticeable alteration in structural, morphological, and static magnetic characteristics was ensured. Moreover, the amalgamation of these components bolstered the EM properties, consequently yielding exceptional microwave absorption capabilities in the composites. The composites with 40, 60, and 80 wt% of SrM (named S4, S6, and S8) exhibited excellent microwave absorption performance with an absorption rate of over 99.9 % for a thin thickness. The S4 and S8 composites attained reflection loss (RL) values of −34.75 dB and −36.93 dB, with 2.0 and 1.6 mm thicknesses, respectively. Meanwhile, the S6 composite achieved an RL value of −44.24 dB with a thickness of 1.9 mm. These composites' outstanding microwave absorption performance can be attributed to their significant magnetic loss, remarkable dielectric loss, and synergistic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional (1D) Y 2 Zr 2 O 7 :Er/Yb tube-in-tube nanostructures were prepared via a simple electrospinning technique with a single nozzle. The diameter of the outer tube of the Y 2 Zr 2 O 7 :Er/Yb tube-in-tube nanostructures is 190–170 nm, the thickness of the outer wall is 22–20 nm, the diameter of the inner tube is 120–100 nm, and the wall thickness of the inner tube is 17–14 nm. The optical properties of the Y 2 Zr 2 O 7 :Er/Yb tube-in-tube nanostructures, including the up-conversion and downshifting luminescence spectra, temperature sensitivity, and thermochromic properties, were studied in detail. Under 980 nm excitation, two weak green emissions at 528 nm and 550 nm, as well as a strong red emission at 650 nm of Er ions, are presented. When excited at 378 nm, the Er ions exhibit strong green emission at 545 nm, two weak red emission peaks at 650 and 680 nm, and near-infrared emission peaks at 1400–1600 nm. With increasing environmental temperature, the luminescence color of the 1D Y 2 Zr 2 O 7 :Er/Yb tube-in-tube nanostructures exhibited a transition from "orange→yellow→ green" when excited at 980 nm. For the 1D Y 2 Zr 2 O 7 :xEr/yYb tube-in-tube nanostructures (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03; y = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15), the maximum values of S r are 2.3 % K−1 under 980 nm excitation and 2.1%K−1 under 378 nm excitation within the temperature range of 303–723 K. This work develops integrated multifunctional optical materials and provides an alternative approach for the fabrication of nanoscale smart platforms, advanced displays, and applications in information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of Information and communication technology not only has positive impacts but also unveils opportunities for data and information security threats. In recent years, many researchers have worked on developing methods to enhance data security, particularly through data hiding techniques aimed at safeguarding communications by concealing their existence. With the same objective in mind, this study introduces a novel method for Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) based on a combination of difference expansion (DE) and a modulus function. Our method enables the embedding of 3-bit data into 2-bit Least Significant Bit (LSB) difference values of pixel pairs formed in rectangular blocks. Based on the experimental results, the payload capacity of our method can reach 0.3953 bpp with a PSNR of 53.5900 dB on common images and 0.5764 bpp with a PSNR of 52.9234 dB on medical images. Our method consistently achieves high payload capacity with good visual quality, and our method surpasses previous approaches in terms of performance, payload capacity, and visual quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine regarding everyone’s right to information. Attention is focused on information that is collected by state authorities, local self-government bodies, institutions and organizations, and which is not a state or other secret protected by the Law of Ukraine «On Information» and which every person has the right to familiarize himself with. Separate attention is focused on confidential information (information with limited access). One of the types of confidential information is medical information, which, on the one hand, in special cases provided for by the Fundamentals of the Health Care Legislation of Ukraine, can be disclosed to family members or a legal representative of the patient, and on the other hand, in accordance with the decision of the European Court of Human Rights person in the case of «M.K. against Ukraine» confirmation by a doctor of a patient’s illness to a member of his family, even if he learned about it from the patient himself, is an interference by the state in a person’s right to private life, and in the case of infectious diseases, it is qualified as not carried out «in accordance with the law». Attention is focused on the fact that such situations arise more and more when military personnel undergo medical examinations and that there are prohibitive norms of a special law that forbid the disclosure of medical information regarding a certain list of diseases of a military personnel to his employer (military unit), commander, family members of the military personnel. Regarding the confidentiality of information and about a person who holds a position related to the performance of the functions of the state, local self-government bodies, and about members of his family, the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine are established: absolutely in each specific case it is determined whether information about a person belongs to confidential; there are guarantees of protection of the rights of the above-mentioned persons, and additional legal burdens, and therefore the state is called upon to ensure a balance of public and private interest. The article also draws attention to the fact that even under martial law conditions, control (direct; indirect) by institutions of public power is prohibited both in terms of content and dissemination of information, even if the state pursues such a goal as protecting the information space from what is considered harmful by the state information that is not necessary for society. The practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on this issue is established. Attention is focused on the fact that censorship cannot be used in Ukraine to protect the information field of the state even in war conditions - it is prohibited in part 3 of Art. 15 of the Constitution of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the research methodology of the basics of information security. A special place is given to the selection of methodological research tools. This selection was made on the basis of the exclusive importance of the field of information provision in interaction with other directions of state building and national security. At the same time, we note that the raised issue has an interdisciplinary nature due to its inherent legal and structural nature: legal, economic (technological), and moral and psychological components. Under such conditions, the philosophical-dialectical method is extremely important in view of its epistemological nature, which will contribute to the derivation of the author’s conclusions and judgments, which will be characterized by consistency and continuity. The conducted analysis made it possible to reveal that the current summary in terms of understanding the role and significance of the methodological component for the results of our research is the following: from the point of view of the methodology of legal science, the paradigm of information security has a complex structure, which is formed by the elements: law enforcement methodology, the legislation of Ukraine, the systematics of legal norms, explanations of the legal norm, the procedure for implementing the provisions of the law, the legal policy of the state in the field of information security, media culture and media ethics in the application of legislation that regulates the issue of complete access of citizens to sources of information, tactical and strategic directions of activities of entities ensuring security in the use of information, the effectiveness of the application of legislation, law-enforcement examination of departmental regulations regulating relations in the field of information security. Attention is drawn to the fact that any of the listed structural elements of a complete complex of information security can serve as the object of a separate scientific study. The above studies revealed that the selected methodological tools for solving the task of our scientific intelligence will contribute to the professional research of the in-depth component processes of the implementation of measures in the areas of protection of the information space of Ukraine. The application of methodological techniques will allow us to more fully and comprehensively reveal the role of the information security institute in the development of our ideas about the system of measures to ensure the information hygiene of the Ukrainian media, public-legal and private-legal intellectual space, to identify new aspects in its structure and elemental composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effectiveness of human-centric cybersecurity largely depends on end-users' adherence to security and privacy behaviors. Understanding and predicting variations in the adoption of these safeguards is crucial for both theoretical advancement and practical application. While existing frameworks are often adapted from health science literature, there is potential to enhance these models by incorporating criminological constructs relevant to online victimization. This study introduce rational choice theory of thoughtfully reflective decision-making (TRDM) into the information security domain. TRDM suggests that variations in cognitive decision-making capabilities influence behavioral outcomes, particularly in the context of security and privacy practices. Methods: The study employed a field experiment to test the applicability of TRDM in predicting end-users' engagement in security and privacy behaviors. Participants were exposed to security-related warnings, with the hypothesis that thoughtfully reflective decision-makers would be more likely to adopt robust protective behaviors. Data was collected on participants' responses to these security warnings, as well as their overall adherence to privacy and security practices. Results: The findings support the theoretical framework: individuals exhibiting thoughtfully reflective decision-making tendencies demonstrated a higher likelihood of engaging in privacy and security behaviors. Specifically, participants with higher TRDM scores were more likely to adopt protective behaviors when warned of the consequences of non-compliance. These results indicate that cognitive decision-making capabilities significantly influence the likelihood of engaging in cybersecurity practices. Discussion: The study challenges the prevailing one-size-fits-all approach to cybersecurity by highlighting the importance of individual differences in cognitive decision-making. Thoughtfully reflective decision-makers are better equipped to adopt preventive security measures, suggesting the need for more tailored interventions in cybersecurity education and risk assessment. This research contributes to the development of sophisticated risk assessment tools aimed at mitigating vulnerabilities and reducing users' susceptibility to digital threats. Incorporating TRDM into information security models provides a more nuanced understanding of user behavior, offering insights into how cognitive processes influence cybersecurity adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying the orthogonal principle for distinguishable second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) emissions has brought new dimensions for ratio fluorescence imaging (RFI) detection and information encryption, deepening the tissue detection depth and improving signal‐to‐noise ratio and information security. However, the orthogonal NIR‐II emissions underlying these advanced optical applications have been reported only in heterogeneous structures and mixtures, limiting their practicality and potential impact. Herein, NIR‐I‐activated orthogonal NIR‐IIb/c (1530/1825 nm) emissions nanoparticles (ONNPs) are developed by spatially separated doping of Tm3+ and Er3+ emitter upon switching 808 and 980 nm excitations. RFI techniques and orthogonal NIR‐II emission ONNPs are used to demonstrate vessel depth detection based on wavelength‐dependent optical attenuation properties in tissue. The superiority of the optical coding and encoding process in a 4 × 1 binary matrix is demonstrated for anticounterfeiting and decryption imaging of quick‐response (QR) code for information storage. The research progress of this NIR‐II orthogonal emissions probe will drive the development of biomedical sensing, imaging safety, and future biophotonics technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDrawing upon the attitude theory, this study theorizes that commitment affects loafing behaviors and ISP compliance. Further, drawing upon the transfer theory, this study adopts the concepts of loafing and commitment transfer in order to explore whether social loafing will enhance employee cyberloafing and whether organizational commitment can enhance ISP commitment, both of which, in turn, influence ISP compliance intention. This study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze survey data collected in July 2023 from 361 Taiwanese individuals affiliated with organizations or companies. The results show that social loafing has a strong positive effect on cyberloafing, which, in turn, has a strong negative effect on ISP compliance intention. Organizational commitment has a strong positive effect on ISP commitment, which, in turn, has a strong positive effect on ISP compliance intention. In addition, distortion of consequences moderates the relationship between social loafing and cyberloafing. Advantageous comparison moderates the relationship between cyberloafing and ISP compliance intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non‐local imaging characteristics of computational ghost imaging (CGI) make it widely used in the field of information security. However, the information processing method based on traditional CGI has some problems in the process of multi‐image encryption, such as low efficiency and unsatisfactory reconstruction quality. Therefore, this article proposes to use wavelet transform and singular value decomposition technology to help computational ghost imaging to efficiently complete the coding and encryption of multiple images, and use alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) in the process of image restoration to carry out high‐quality reconstruction of the original encrypted image. The results show that the scheme has good reconstruction effect, strong security and robustness even at a low sampling rate. It provides some reference for digital watermarking technology and cryptography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chiral supramolecular liquid crystal based on a pillararene mesogen was constructed. The regulation of liquid crystal behavior was achieved through the host–guest interactions between the pillararene-based mesogen and a tetraphenylethylene-containing guest. In addition, this supramolecular liquid crystal system, showing pH-responsive fluorescence emission character, was applied as an information encryption material capable of storing multiple levels of distinct information, thereby enriching the application of liquid crystal materials in the field of information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated, secure software development is an important digitalization task, solved with the DevSecOps approach. An important part of the DevSecOps approach is continuous risk assessment, which is necessary to identify and evaluate risk factors. Combining the development cycle with continuous risk assessment creates software development and operation synergies and minimizes vulnerabilities. The article presents the main methods of deploying web applications and ways to increase information security at all stages of product development. It also compares different types of infrastructures and cloud computing providers and analyzes modern tools used to automate processes. The cloud cluster was deployed using Terraform and the Jenkins pipeline, written in the Groovy programming language, which checks program code for vulnerabilities and allows you to fix violations at the earliest stages of developing secure web applications. The developed cluster implements the proposed algorithm for automated risk assessment based on the calculation (modeling) of cloud infrastructure threats and vulnerabilities, which operates in real-time, periodically collecting all information and adjusting the system according to the risk and applied controls. The algorithm for calculating risk and losses is based on statistical data and FAIR information risk assessment methodology. The risk value obtained using the proposed method is quantitative, which allows more efficient forecasting of information security costs in software development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolving landscape of cyber threats necessitates continuous advancements in defensive strategies. This paper explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) as an emerging tool to enhance cybersecurity. While AI holds widespread applications across information technology, its integration within cybersecurity remains a recent development. We offer a comprehensive review of current AI applications in this domain, focusing particularly on their preventative capabilities against prevalent threats like phishing, social engineering, ransomware, and malware. To illustrate these concepts, the paper presents a case study showcasing a specific AI application in a cybersecurity context. This case study addresses a critical gap in securing communication within resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) networks using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. We discussed the advantages and limitations of employing PN sequence encryption for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For information security, entity and relation extraction can be applied in sensitive information protection, data leakage detection, and other aspects. The current approaches to entity relation extraction not only ignore the relevance and dependency between name entity recognition and relation extraction but also may result in the cumulative propagation of errors. To solve this problem, it is proposed that an end-to-end joint entity and relation extraction model based on the Attention mechanism and Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to simultaneously extract named entities and their relationships. The model includes three parts: the detection of entity span, the construction of an entity relation weighted graph, and the inference of entity relation type. Firstly, the detection of entity spans is viewed as a sequence labeling problem, and a multi-feature fusion approach for word embedding representation is designed to calculate all entity spans in a sentence to form an entity span matrix. Secondly, the entity span matrix is employed in the Multi-Head Attention mechanism for constructing the weighted adjacency matrix of the entity relation graph. Finally, for the inference of entity relation type, considering the interaction between entities and relations, the entity span matrix and relation connection matrix are simultaneously fed into the GCN for integrated extraction of entities and relations. Our model is evaluated on the public NYT dataset, attaining a precision of 66.4%, a recall of 63.1%, and an F1 score of 64.7% for joint entity and relation extraction, significantly outperforming other approaches. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed model is helpful for inferring entities and relations, considering the interaction between entities and relations through the Attention mechanism and GCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers and drivers of digitalization in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, the study aimed to identify the key factors influencing the adoption and implementation of digital technologies in SMEs, understand the challenges faced by these organizations in their digital transformation journey. In this study, a fuzzy logic methodology was employed to assess the digitalization process of 4531 SMEs. Additionally, an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to determine the weights of the dimensions in the fuzzy analysis. This allowed for a more accurate and precise assessment of the digitalization levels in SMEs. Furthermore, statistical analysis techniques were utilized to analyze the data and draw meaningful conclusions. The study revealed that insufficient financial resources, high investment costs, resistance from workers, a shortage of well-qualified staff, lack of knowledge about technology providers, high IT security requirements, the absence of a digital transformation-oriented business culture, and the application of fuzzy logic as a methodology were the key findings in the digitalization process of SMEs. These findings highlight the complex challenges faced by SMEs and emphasize the need to address these barriers to facilitate successful digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber‐based photochromic wearables have attracted growing attention in sustainable photo‐patterning information displays, information security encryption, and optical data recording/storage. Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is one of the key photochromic materials that possesses good photochromic performance, nevertheless, it faces considerable challenges in preparing photochromic textiles with stable, scalable, and long color‐retention properties. In this work, a new kind of fiber‐based photochromic wearables is designed and developed by combining cotton fabric with a MoO3‐based self‐adhesive polymer network and long chain silyl group. The prepared photochromic wearable has exhibited excellent fatigue resistance and favorable reversibility (> 40 cycles), rapid light response (reach color saturation with a UV dose of 60 kJ m−2), outstanding color retention capability (> 90 days), and desirable biocompatibility (cell viability > 100%). In addition, the prepared photochromic textiles could maintain a fast light response and excellent color retention even after experiencing repeated washing (20 cycles). Moreover, the photo‐patterning photochromic wearables are verified by resisting the deterioration of acid solution, alkali solution, and sweat (pH 2.0–9.0) as well as keeping clear patterns under sunlight irradiation. As a demonstration of the application, fiber‐based photochromic wearables are made and employed for the sustainable applications of rewritable photo‐patterning and information security encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of current legislation, available scientific, journalistic and methodological sources, the article clarifies the content of the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in Ukraine. It is proposed that the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security should be understood as a set of legislative, executive and judicial authorities, state, public and other organizations and associations, and citizens who may participate in administrative and legal support of information security in accordance with the legislation regulating relations in the field of information security. It is established that the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security includes a wide range of structures of both state and non-state affiliation. The first group (state entities) is represented by the State represented by the President of Ukraine, legislative, executive and judicial bodies, which, having different competencies in the field of administrative and legal support of information security, perform key tasks and functions in it. The second group (non-state actors) can be divided into two subgroups. The first one includes society represented by legal entities, namely, commercial companies and non-governmental organizations (educational institutions, research institutes, research and analytical centers, etc.) The second group includes individuals (citizens) who may be directly involved in ensuring information security, represented by specialists, experts, information security consultants, etc. It is proposed to: include all non-state actors in the mechanism for implementing the goals and objectives of the Information Security Strategy; make the widest possible use of the capabilities of non-state actors in this area, and therefore intensify the involvement of citizens, public associations, organizations, etc. in solving the problem of information security; create an Interagency Commission on Information Security within the structure of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern organizations have migrated from localized physical offices to work-from-home environments. This surge in remote work culture has exponentially increased the demand for and usage of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), which permit remote employees to access corporate offices effectively. However, the technology raises concerns, including security threats, latency, throughput, and scalability, among others. These newer-generation threats are more complex and frequent, which makes the legacy approach to security ineffective. This research paper gives an overview of contemporary technologies used across enterprises, including the VPNs, Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA), proxy servers, Secure Shell (SSH) tunnels, the software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN), and Secure Access Service Edge (SASE). This paper also presents a comprehensive cybersecurity framework named Zero Trust VPN (ZT-VPN), which is a VPN solution based on Zero Trust principles. The proposed framework aims to enhance IT security and privacy for modern enterprises in remote work environments and address concerns of latency, throughput, scalability, and security. Finally, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework in various enterprise scenarios, highlighting its ability to prevent data leaks, manage access permissions, and provide seamless security transitions. The findings underscore the importance of adopting ZT-VPN to fortify cybersecurity frameworks, offering an effective protection tool against contemporary cyber threats. This research serves as a valuable reference for organizations aiming to enhance their security posture in an increasingly hostile threat landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime industry is constantly evolving and posing new challenges, especially with increasing digitalization, which has raised concerns about cyber-attacks on maritime supply chain agents. Although scholars have proposed various methods and classification models to counter these cyber threats, a comprehensive cyber-attack taxonomy for maritime supply chain actors based on a systematic literature review is still lacking. This review aims to provide a clear picture of common cyber-attacks and develop a taxonomy for their categorization. In addition, it outlines best practices derived from academic research in maritime cybersecurity using PRISMA principles for a systematic literature review, which identified 110 relevant journal papers. This study highlights that distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and malware are top concerns for all maritime supply chain stakeholders. In particular, shipping companies are urged to prioritize defenses against hijacking, spoofing, and jamming. The report identifies 18 practices to combat cyber-attacks, categorized into information security management solutions, information security policies, and cybersecurity awareness and training. Finally, this paper explores how emerging technologies can address cyber-attacks in the maritime supply chain network (MSCN). While Industry 4.0 technologies are highlighted as significant trends in the literature, this study aims to equip MSCN stakeholders with the knowledge to effectively leverage a broader range of emerging technologies. In doing so, it provides forward-looking solutions to prevent and mitigate cyber-attacks, emphasizing that Industry 4.0 is part of a larger landscape of technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of quantum computing technology, existing public key cryptographic systems face severe challenges. This article first discusses the basic principles and applications of public key cryptography, explaining the important role of these systems in modern information security. It then analyzes the threat of quantum computers, particularly the powerful potential of future quantum computing in solving specific complex mathematical problems, which may render widely used public key cryptographic systems such as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) vulnerable. Against this backdrop, the article introduces the development of post-quantum cryptography, explaining the process of the US government promoting the standardization of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms and the mathematical tools used by these post-quantum cryptographic systems to effectively defend against quantum computer attacks. Finally, it explores the current status and challenges of post-quantum cryptography migration and its applications, emphasizing the need for collaboration among government, businesses, and academia to develop transition plans and strategies to ensure effective information security protection before the quantum computing threat truly manifests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum communication provides a secure way of distributing keys against the eavesdropping or attacks from quantum computers. Its applications range from finance and electronic commerce to the protection of personal information. In this article, we describe the essential elements of quantum communication as well as the current status and challenges of developing quantum communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 on production and trade in Pakistan. The paper finds that Pakistan's outbreak preparedness and response has been a success story, but there are still some gaps that need to be addressed in order to better prepare for future crises. We recommend that the policy makers: conduct frequent structured dialogues with small firms to better understand the type and magnitude of unanticipated costs that increase during health crises; regularly source information to determine if the design of fiscal support is benefiting the beneficiaries; convene dialogues with businesses (which should include labour groups) to address the stringency of temporary trade measures; support smaller firms for adoption of online technologies; expedite the implementation of e-commerce policy, information security policy, and personal data protection law; and cut down business and trade costs during crisis through a more liberal tariff policy and rationalization of regulatory burden on firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have garnered increasing attention due to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties. In recent years, femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing shows to be an effective way of inducing localized crystallization of PeQDs inside glass matrix while remaining their structural stability and optical performance. This article reviews the research progress on fs laser irradiation‐induced nucleation/growth of PeQDs in glass and discusses the latest advancements in the use of the technology for optical data storage, micrometer‐scale light‐emitting diode (LED), information security protection, and other related fields. It offers novel insights and perspectives for exploring new functionality and device application of fs laser‐printed PeQDs glass composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security literacy can be viewed as being different, at different levels of management. This paper presents and explains a security literacy model from a managerial level perspective and how different security literacy methods (awareness, training, education) supports the model of the different information security needs of strategic (why), tactical (how), and operational (what) management. The model was developed from academic literature content. The model suggests that security goes beyond technical knowledge and instead involves critically thinking about what to do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues its pervasive influence and digital technologies increasingly weave into the fabric of daily lives, the imperative for robust security measures becomes paramount to mitigate the escalating risks to the digital landscape. Traditional anti‐counterfeiting technologies, while capable to some extent, are constrained by factors such as material toxicity, low‐security efficacy, and intricate fabrication process. Mechanoluminescent materials have shown great potential in the areas of anti‐counterfeiting and security. Here, a multicolor mechanoluminescent (ML) material (lanthanide doped Ca2B2O5) synthesized by solid‐phase reaction is reported for the first time at a relatively lower temperature of 750 °C. The ML devices are obtained by embedding ML materials into polydimethylsiloxane elastomer, allowing for stress visualization with colors ranging from blue and green to orange and red. Through elaborate co‐doping, successive and accurate stress visualizations are realized. Finally, security labels based on the lanthanide ions doped Ca2B2O5 are prepared and also demonstrated to safeguard valuable packages. This work provides a novel multicolor ML material and pioneers its use in security labels, offering a universal solution for multicolor display, information security, dynamic anti‐counterfeiting, and other potential applications within the realm of IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]