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1. Gastroesophageal reflux GWAS identifies risk loci that also associate with subsequent severe esophageal diseases

Author

Jue-Sheng Ong, René Thieme, Janusz Jankowski, Jiyuan An, Anne C. Böhmer, Stuart MacGregor, David C. Whiteman, Johannes Schumacher, Claire Palles, Rachel E. Neale, Matthew Law, Puya Gharahkhani, Ines Gockel, John Lai, Catherine M. Olsen, Xikun Han, Beacon, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Tom L. Vaughan, Gharahkhani, Puya [0000-0002-4203-5952], Law, Matthew H [0000-0002-4303-8821], Ong, Jue-Sheng [0000-0002-6062-710X], Han, Xikun [0000-0002-3823-7308], Olsen, Catherine M [0000-0003-4483-1888], Böhmer, Anne C [0000-0002-5716-786X], Fitzgerald, Rebecca C [0000-0002-3434-3568], MacGregor, Stuart [0000-0001-6731-8142], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Esophageal Diseases, Genome-wide association studies, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gastroenterology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, Esophagus, Risk factor, lcsh:Science, Cancer genetics, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Esophageal disease, Oesophageal cancer, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, humanities, digestive system diseases, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Genetic Loci, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Gastroesophageal Reflux, GERD, Adenocarcinoma, lcsh:Q, Female, business, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by gastric acid entering the esophagus. GERD has high prevalence and is the major risk factor for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). We conduct a large GERD GWAS meta-analysis (80,265 cases, 305,011 controls), identifying 25 independent genome-wide significant loci for GERD. Several of the implicated genes are existing or putative drug targets. Loci discovery is greatest with a broad GERD definition (including cases defined by self-report or medication data). Further, 91% of the GERD risk-increasing alleles also increase BE and/or EA risk, greatly expanding gene discovery for these traits. Our results map genes for GERD and related traits and uncover potential new drug targets for these conditions., Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a major risk factor for Barret’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Here, An et al. report 25 genetic loci for GERD, many of which associate with BE and EA or with other traits such as BMI.

Published
2019

2. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 127 open-angle glaucoma loci with consistent effect across ancestries

Author

Gharahkhani, Puya, Jorgenson, Eric, Hysi, Pirro, Khawaja, Anthony P, Pendergrass, Sarah, Han, Xikun, Ong, Jue Sheng, Hewitt, Alex W, Segrè, Ayellet V, Rouhana, John M, Hamel, Andrew R, Igo, Robert P, Choquet, Helene, Qassim, Ayub, Josyula, Navya S, Cooke Bailey, Jessica N, Bonnemaijer, Pieter WM, Iglesias, Adriana, Siggs, Owen M, Young, Terri L, Vitart, Veronique, Thiadens, Alberta AHJ, Karjalainen, Juha, Uebe, Steffen, Melles, Ronald B, Nair, K Saidas, Luben, Robert, Simcoe, Mark, Amersinghe, Nishani, Cree, Angela J, Hohn, Rene, Poplawski, Alicia, Chen, Li Jia, Rong, Shi-Song, Aung, Tin, Vithana, Eranga Nishanthie, NEIGHBORHOOD consortium, ANZRAG consortium, Biobank Japan project, FinnGen study, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, GIGA study group, 23 and Me Research Team, Tamiya, Gen, Shiga, Yukihiro, Yamamoto, Masayuki, Nakazawa, Toru, Currant, Hannah, Birney, Ewan, Wang, Xin, Auton, Adam, Lupton, Michelle K, Martin, Nicholas G, Ashaye, Adeyinka, Olawoye, Olusola, Williams, Susan E, Akafo, Stephen, Ramsay, Michele, Hashimoto, Kazuki, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Akiyama, Masato, Momozawa, Yukihide, Foster, Paul J, Khaw, Peng T, Morgan, James E, Strouthidis, Nicholas G, Kraft, Peter, Kang, Jae H, Pang, Chi Pui, Pasutto, Francesca, Mitchell, Paul, Lotery, Andrew J, Palotie, Aarno, van Duijn, Cornelia, Haines, Jonathan L, Hammond, Chris, Pasquale, Louis R, Klaver, Caroline CW, Hauser, Michael, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Mackey, David A, Kubo, Michiaki, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Craig, Jamie E, MacGregor, Stuart, Wiggs, Janey L, Epidemiology, Ophthalmology, Clinical Genetics, Gharahkhani, Puya [0000-0002-4203-5952], Jorgenson, Eric [0000-0002-5829-8191], Hysi, Pirro [0000-0001-5752-2510], Khawaja, Anthony P [0000-0001-6802-8585], Han, Xikun [0000-0002-3823-7308], Ong, Jue Sheng [0000-0002-6062-710X], Hewitt, Alex W [0000-0002-5123-5999], Rouhana, John M [0000-0002-8599-0271], Igo, Robert P [0000-0002-0024-1993], Choquet, Helene [0000-0001-9839-8667], Josyula, Navya S [0000-0003-2782-8812], Cooke Bailey, Jessica N [0000-0002-4001-8702], Bonnemaijer, Pieter WM [0000-0001-5154-6765], Iglesias, Adriana [0000-0001-5532-764X], Siggs, Owen M [0000-0003-2840-4851], Young, Terri L [0000-0001-6994-9941], Vitart, Veronique [0000-0002-4991-3797], Thiadens, Alberta AHJ [0000-0002-4911-9462], Luben, Robert [0000-0002-5088-6343], Simcoe, Mark [0000-0003-2432-0810], Cree, Angela J [0000-0002-1987-8900], Poplawski, Alicia [0000-0003-2527-0763], Rong, Shi-Song [0000-0001-8352-6363], Vithana, Eranga Nishanthie [0000-0002-8898-0095], Yamamoto, Masayuki [0000-0002-9073-9436], Currant, Hannah [0000-0003-2764-6787], Birney, Ewan [0000-0001-8314-8497], Wang, Xin [0000-0001-7242-357X], Martin, Nicholas G [0000-0003-4069-8020], Olawoye, Olusola [0000-0003-2357-8924], Williams, Susan E [0000-0002-4479-8638], Ramsay, Michele [0000-0002-4156-4801], Kamatani, Yoichiro [0000-0001-8748-5597], Foster, Paul J [0000-0002-4755-177X], Khaw, Peng T [0000-0002-8087-2268], Kraft, Peter [0000-0002-4472-8103], Kang, Jae H [0000-0003-4812-0557], Pasutto, Francesca [0000-0002-0026-5362], Lotery, Andrew J [0000-0001-5541-4305], Haines, Jonathan L [0000-0002-4351-4728], Hammond, Chris [0000-0002-3227-2620], Pasquale, Louis R [0000-0002-5835-3496], Klaver, Caroline CW [0000-0002-2355-5258], Khor, Chiea Chuen [0000-0002-1128-4729], Cheng, Ching-Yu [0000-0003-0655-885X], MacGregor, Stuart [0000-0001-6731-8142], Wiggs, Janey L [0000-0003-1890-3278], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, HUSLAB, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Aging, genetic structures, General Physics and Astronomy, Glaucoma, PROTEIN, Genome-wide association study, Neurodegenerative, Genome, ANNOTATION, Genome-wide association studies, Sensory disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 12], 0302 clinical medicine, Polymorphism (computer science), Genotype, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, ANZRAG consortium, Aetiology, GENE-EXPRESSION, Genetics, HUMAN-DISEASES, RISK, Multidisciplinary, and Me Research Team, Single Nucleotide, ASSOCIATION, GIGA study group, Biobank Japan project, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, Open-Angle, Meta-analysis, NEIGHBORHOOD consortium, Optic nerve diseases, Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Open angle glaucoma, Science, European Continental Ancestry Group, FinnGen study, Biology, GENOTYPE IMPUTATION, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, Article, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, 3125 Otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, Polymorphism, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Genetic association, MUTATIONS, Human Genome, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, sense organs, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), is a heritable common cause of blindness world-wide. To identify risk loci, we conduct a large multi-ethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on a total of 34,179 cases and 349,321 controls, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and confirming 83 loci that were previously known. The majority of loci have broadly consistent effects across European, Asian and African ancestries. Cross-ancestry data improve fine-mapping of causal variants for several loci. Integration of multiple lines of genetic evidence support the functional relevance of the identified POAG risk loci and highlight potential contributions of several genes to POAG pathogenesis, including SVEP1, RERE, VCAM1, ZNF638, CLIC5, SLC2A12, YAP1, MXRA5, and SMAD6. Several drug compounds targeting POAG risk genes may be potential glaucoma therapeutic candidates., Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is highly heritable, yet not well understood from a genetic perspective. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 34,179 POAG cases, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and mapping effects across multiple ethnicities.

Published
2021

3. A comprehensive re-assessment of the association between vitamin D and cancer susceptibility using Mendelian randomization

Author

Ong, Jue-Sheng, Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C., Han, Xikun, An, Jiyuan, Liyanage, Upekha, Dusingize, Jean-Cluade, Schumacher, Johannes, Gockel, Ines, Böhmer, Anne, Jankowski, Janusz, Palles, Claire, O’Mara, Tracy, Spurdle, Amanda, Law, Matthew H., Iles, Mark M., Pharoah, Paul, Berchuck, Andrew, Zheng, Wei, Thrift, Aaron P., Olsen, Catherine, Neale, Rachel E., Gharahkhani, Puya, Webb, Penelope M., MacGregor, Stuart, Fitzgerald, Rebecca, Buas, Matt, Gammon, Marilie D., Corley, Douglas A., Shaheen, Nicholas J., Hardie, Laura J., Bird, Nigel C., Reid, Brian J., Chow, Wong-Ho, Risch, Harvey A., Ye, Weimin, Liu, Geoffrey, Romero, Yvonne, Bernstein, Leslie, Wu, Anna H., Whiteman, David E., Vaughan, Thomas, Agee, M., Alipanahi, B., Auton, A., Bell, R. K., Bryc, K., Elson, S. L., Fontanillas, P., Furlotte, N. A., Hinds, D. A., Huber, K. E., Kleinman, A., Litterman, N. K., McIntyre, M. H., Mountain, J. L., Noblin, E. S., Northover, C. A. M., Pitts, S. J., Sathirapongsasuti, J. Fah, Sazonova, O. V., Shelton, J. F., Shringarpure, S., Tian, C., Tung, J. Y., Vacic, V., Wilson, C. H., Ong, Jue-Sheng [0000-0002-6062-710X], Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C. [0000-0003-3714-8386], Han, Xikun [0000-0002-3823-7308], Gockel, Ines [0000-0001-7423-713X], Böhmer, Anne [0000-0002-5716-786X], O’Mara, Tracy [0000-0002-5436-3232], Spurdle, Amanda [0000-0003-1337-7897], Law, Matthew H. [0000-0002-4303-8821], Iles, Mark M. [0000-0002-2603-6509], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], Zheng, Wei [0000-0003-1226-070X], Thrift, Aaron P. [0000-0002-0084-5308], Olsen, Catherine [0000-0003-4483-1888], Gharahkhani, Puya [0000-0002-4203-5952], Webb, Penelope M. [0000-0003-0733-5930], MacGregor, Stuart [0000-0001-6731-8142], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
631/67/68, 45/43, article, 692/699/67/2195, 692/4028/67/2324
Abstract

Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cancer have typically adopted a handful of variants and found no relationship between 25(OH)D and cancer; however, issues of horizontal pleiotropy cannot be reliably addressed. Using a larger set of variants associated with 25(OH)D (74 SNPs, up from 6 previously), we perform a unified MR analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and ten cancers. Our findings are broadly consistent with previous MR studies indicating no relationship, apart from ovarian cancers (OR 0.89; 95% C.I: 0.82 to 0.96 per 1 SD change in 25(OH)D concentration) and basal cell carcinoma (OR 1.16; 95% C.I.: 1.04 to 1.28). However, after adjustment for pigmentation related variables in a multivariable MR framework, the BCC findings were attenuated. Here we report that lower 25(OH)D is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for most cancers, with our study providing more precise confidence intervals than previously possible.

Published
2021
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4. A comprehensive re-assessment of the association between vitamin D and cancer susceptibility using Mendelian randomization

Author

Upekha E Liyanage, Amanda B. Spurdle, K. E. Huber, Anna H. Wu, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, Douglas A. Corley, C. Tian, Anne Böhmer, David A. Hinds, A. Auton, Xikun Han, Matt Buas, M. Agee, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Puya Gharahkhani, Yvonne Romero, S. L. Elson, Ines Gockel, Johannes Schumacher, Leslie Bernstein, Nigel C. Bird, Thomas L. Vaughan, E. S. Noblin, P. Fontanillas, Laura J. Hardie, Brian J. Reid, V. Vacic, M. H. McIntyre, Jiyuan An, Andrew Berchuck, Claire Palles, Weimin Ye, K. Bryc, S. J. Pitts, Jue-Sheng Ong, Geoffrey Liu, R. K. Bell, Rachel E. Neale, Marilie D. Gammon, J. L. Mountain, C. A. M. Northover, Catherine M. Olsen, C. H. Wilson, Janusz Jankowski, Matthew Law, A. Kleinman, Suzanne C. Dixon-Suen, J. Y. Tung, Aaron P. Thrift, Wong-Ho Chow, Paul Pharoah, Jean-Cluade Dusingize, Suyash Shringarpure, Mark M. Iles, Wei Zheng, N. A. Furlotte, Penelope M. Webb, B. Alipanahi, O. V. Sazonova, Stuart MacGregor, David Whiteman, J. F. Shelton, Harvey A. Risch, N. K. Litterman, Tracy A. O'Mara, Nicholas J. Shaheen, Ong, Jue-Sheng [0000-0002-6062-710X], Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C [0000-0003-3714-8386], Han, Xikun [0000-0002-3823-7308], Gockel, Ines [0000-0001-7423-713X], Böhmer, Anne [0000-0002-5716-786X], O'Mara, Tracy [0000-0002-5436-3232], Spurdle, Amanda [0000-0003-1337-7897], Law, Matthew H [0000-0002-4303-8821], Iles, Mark M [0000-0002-2603-6509], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], Zheng, Wei [0000-0003-1226-070X], Thrift, Aaron P [0000-0002-0084-5308], Olsen, Catherine [0000-0003-4483-1888], Gharahkhani, Puya [0000-0002-4203-5952], Webb, Penelope M [0000-0003-0733-5930], MacGregor, Stuart [0000-0001-6731-8142], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Sunburn, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Cancer prevention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer epidemiology, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Neoplasms, Mendelian randomization, Vitamin D and neurology, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Vitamin D, Child, Cancer genetics, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Pigmentation, Case-control study, Cancer, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, business
Abstract

Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cancer have typically adopted a handful of variants and found no relationship between 25(OH)D and cancer; however, issues of horizontal pleiotropy cannot be reliably addressed. Using a larger set of variants associated with 25(OH)D (74 SNPs, up from 6 previously), we perform a unified MR analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and ten cancers. Our findings are broadly consistent with previous MR studies indicating no relationship, apart from ovarian cancers (OR 0.89; 95% C.I: 0.82 to 0.96 per 1 SD change in 25(OH)D concentration) and basal cell carcinoma (OR 1.16; 95% C.I.: 1.04 to 1.28). However, after adjustment for pigmentation related variables in a multivariable MR framework, the BCC findings were attenuated. Here we report that lower 25(OH)D is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for most cancers, with our study providing more precise confidence intervals than previously possible., Studies of the genetic association between vitamin D and cancer risk have typically been underpowered. Here the authors analyse this using Mendelian Randomisation with more than 70 vitamin D variants obtained from the UK Biobank and large-scale data from various consortia, confirming null associations between vitamin D and most cancers.

Published
2020

5. Gastroesophageal reflux GWAS identifies risk loci that also associate with subsequent severe esophageal diseases

Author

An, Jiyuan, Gharahkhani, Puya, Law, Matthew H., Ong, Jue-Sheng, Han, Xikun, Olsen, Catherine M., Neale, Rachel E., Lai, John, Vaughan, Tom L., Gockel, Ines, Thieme, René, Böhmer, Anne C., Jankowski, Janusz, Fitzgerald, Rebecca C., Schumacher, Johannes, Palles, Claire, Whiteman, David C., MacGregor, Stuart, Gammon, Marilie D., Corley, Douglas A., Shaheen, Nicholas J., Bird, Nigel C., Hardie, Laura J., Murray, Liam J., Reid, Brian J., Chow, Wong-Ho, Risch, Harvey A., Ye, Weimin, Liu, Geoffrey, Romero, Yvonne, Bernstein, Leslie, Wu, Anna H., Agee, M., Alipanahi, B., Auton, A., Bell, R. K., Bryc, K., Elson, S. L., Fontanillas, P., Furlotte, N. A., Hinds, D. A., Huber, K. E., Kleinman, A., Litterman, N. K., McIntyre, M. H., Mountain, J. L., Noblin, E. S., Northover, C. A. M., Pitts, S. J., Sathirapongsasuti, J. Fah, Sazonova, O. V., Shelton, J. F., Shringarpure, S., Tian, C., Tung, J. Y., Vacic, V., Wilson, C. H., Gharahkhani, Puya [0000-0002-4203-5952], Law, Matthew H. [0000-0002-4303-8821], Ong, Jue-Sheng [0000-0002-6062-710X], Han, Xikun [0000-0002-3823-7308], Olsen, Catherine M. [0000-0003-4483-1888], Böhmer, Anne C. [0000-0002-5716-786X], Fitzgerald, Rebecca C. [0000-0002-3434-3568], MacGregor, Stuart [0000-0001-6731-8142], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
631/67/1504/1477, 631/208/205/2138, 45/43, article, 38/39, 631/208/68, 692/699/1503/1476/196, health care economics and organizations, humanities, digestive system diseases
Abstract

Funder: The Swedish Esophageal Cancer Study was funded by grants (R01 CA57947-03) from the National Cancer Institute he California Tobacco Related Research Program (3RT-0122; and; 10RT-0251) Marit Peterson Fund for Melanoma Research. CIDR is supported by contract HHSN268200782096C, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by gastric acid entering the esophagus. GERD has high prevalence and is the major risk factor for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). We conduct a large GERD GWAS meta-analysis (80,265 cases, 305,011 controls), identifying 25 independent genome-wide significant loci for GERD. Several of the implicated genes are existing or putative drug targets. Loci discovery is greatest with a broad GERD definition (including cases defined by self-report or medication data). Further, 91% of the GERD risk-increasing alleles also increase BE and/or EA risk, greatly expanding gene discovery for these traits. Our results map genes for GERD and related traits and uncover potential new drug targets for these conditions.

Published
2019

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