Search

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of cortisol, estrogen, and nicotine on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions at the level of normal oral mucosa keratinocyte cells. Methods In this in vitro study, keratinocytes were derived from rat oral cavity and cultured. Stressors were applied, including three groups, group 1: estrogen to simulate the postmenopausal state; group 2: cortisol to simulate psychological stress situation; group 3: nicotine to simulate smoking state. To determine the exact nature of keratinocyte cells, two surface markers, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 14 were examined using the flow cytometry method. Then, the immunocytochemistry technique with three repetitions in each group was used to evaluate the HSP70 expression before and after applying the stressor. Results HSP70 expressions in the three stressor groups (estrogen, cortisol, and nicotine) were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.0001). The HSPs expression difference between cortisol and nicotine was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Based on the results of MTT analysis, the mean cell viability of oral mucosal keratinocytes in all three intervention groups decreased compared to the control group. In the cortisol and nicotine groups, cell death was significantly higher than in the control group. In the estrogen group, cell death was significantly lower than in the nicotine group (p > 0.05). Conclusions The specific concentrations of cortisol, estrogen, and nicotine as stressors can effectively reduce the expression of HSP70 in normal oral mucosal keratinocytes. These phenomena can be effective in cell viability and the development of oral lichen planus.

Harsh photothermal temperatures (> 50 °C) caused heating damage to the normal tissues and induced thermal resistance in cancer cells, which significantly limited the safety and efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) in cancer treatment. Mild hyperthermia (< 42 °C) combined with chemotherapy might solve this issue. Herein, a novel transition metal dichalcogenides nanostructure, namely, Bi2Se3/MoSe2 nanosaucers (BMNSs), was designed to produce mild photo-hyperthermia (mPTT) and combined with chemotherapy to improve the overall antitumor efficacy. The BMNSs were constituted by Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanoplates and enclosed with MoSe2 nanosheets evenly. While the MoSe2 moiety endowed the nanoplatform with excellent photothermal efficacy, the Bi2Se3 substrates provided large specific surface area to anchor more doxorubicin (DOX) molecules as chemotherapeutic agent. Under the stimuli of mPTT/tumor acidic microenvironment, the tumor-specific drug release and the enhanced chemotherapy could be realized, showing impressive therapeutic outcomes against 4T1 cells. The synergetic therapeutic mechanism might be attributed to the mPTT induced cell membrane permeability, and interestingly, the expression of heat shock proteins 70 was not elevated obviously after the synergetic therapy, thus to avoid the tumor thermal resistance and further improve the therapeutic effect. The in vivo anti-tumoral performance of the BMNSs was further studied and complete tumor eradication was achieved without any recurrence and biotoxicity. Not only demonstrating a paradigm of high therapeutic efficacy of mild hyperthermia and synergistic chemotherapy for precise cancer therapy, our findings proved that the cancer therapeutic effect can be improved with minimal side effects through exquisite designing of the microstructures and the physiochemical properties of the nanoplatform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMany studies have shown that diabetes is often closely related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occurrence and metastasis. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone related to diabetes complications. This study aims to investigate the role of Hsp70 in OSCC in expression of invadopodia-associated proteins.MethodsThe expressions and correlation of HSP70, Hif1α, MMP2, MMP14, and cortactin were examined using bioinformatics analysis and verified by OSCC tissue microarrays. Assay in vitro was performed to analyze cell migration capacity after treatment with or without the HSP70 inhibitor.ResultsThe expressions of invadopodia-associated proteins were enhanced in OSCC tissues compared with paracarcinoma tissues and partially correlated with HSP70. Inhibiting HSP70 significantly decreased the cell viability, proliferation, and migration of OSCC cells.ConclusionsHSP70 may be involved in invadopodia-associated proteins in OSCC cells, which provides a promising method for treatment of OSCC metastasis.

Introduction: According to previous studies, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) plays a role in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation. Given that no study has been performed in the field of dentistry in this regard, the present research aimed to identify the effect of HSP70 on moderate to severe generalized chronic periodontitis with the increase of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways. Materials and Methods: This pilot study was performed on 50 subjects with moderate to severe chronic generalized periodontitis and 50 subjects with healthy periodontitis who were candidates for crown lengthening (CL) surgery. The subjects were selected based on the inclusion criteria from the patients who referred to the Gingival Surgery Department in a Private Dental Center, Tabriz, Iran. Tissue samples were obtained from the patients during pocket depth reduction surgery (for the experimental group) and CL surgery (for the control group). Macrophage inflammatory cells were extracted from tissue samples and the cells were stimulated by HSP70 as a timer; subsequently, the level of TLR4 in macrophage cells was examined. Results of the study were reported using descriptive statistical methods, such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency percentage. Repeated measures analysis was used to compare the expression of TLR4 in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB) and MAPK pathways at different hours. Moreover, ANOVA analysis of covariance was used to compare this rate between these two pathways at different times. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 17) and a p < /em>-value of Results: Based on the results, there was a significant relationship between TLR4 and HSP70 (p < /em>

We examined association between HSPA1B (+1267A/G, rs1061581), TNF-α (–308G/A, rs1800629), and S100B (C/T, rs9722) genes polymorphisms and chronic mercury poisoning (CMP). PCR-RFLP analysis was used to examine a cohort consisting of 128 workers who were chronically exposed to mercury vapor; workers were distributed into two groups. The group 1 was made up of workers with long working experience who didn’t have CMP (n = 46), the group 2 included patients with long-term CMP period (n = 82). In addition, we estimated frequencies of rs1061581genotypes in 298 practically healthy men from regional sub-population (group 3). HSPA1B (+1267A/G) polymorphic variant was established to have more frequent carriage of both minor G allele (р = 0.003) and a rare GG homozygote (р = 0.005) in the group 2 against the group 1. 23.2 % patients from the group 2 turned out to have GG genotype and CMP was diagnosed in 95 % people who had it. We didn’t detect any differences in genotypes distribution among people from the examined occupational cohort (groups 1 and 2) against the group 3. GG-HSP1AB (+1267A/G) homozygous genotype was shown to be associated with CMP risks (OR = 13.57, p < 0.0001, recessive model). Haplotype G–G (rs1061581–rs1800629) carriers were established to run 2.6 higher risks of CMP occurrence (р = 0.0098), and there was a significant linkage disequilibrium D' = 0.459 (р = 0.0004) between a pair of the abovementioned polymorphic loci. These data indicate that there is genetic interaction between HSPA1B (+1267A/G) and TNF-α (–308G/A) loci in the examined cohort. Overall, these results indicate that carriers of GG-HSPA1B (+1267A/G) genotype run high predictive risks of CMP occurrence.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cortisol, estrogen, and nicotine on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions at the level of normal oral mucosa keratinocyte cells. Methods: In this in vitro study, keratinocytes were derived from rat oral cavity and cultured. Stressors were applied, including three groups, group 1: estrogen to simulate the postmenopausal state; group 2: cortisol to simulate psychological stress situation; group 3: nicotine to simulate smoking state. To determine the exact nature of keratinocyte cells, two surface markers, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 14 were examined using the flow cytometry method. Then, the immunocytochemistry technique with three repetitions in each group was used to evaluate the HSP70 expression before and after applying the stressor. Results: HSP70 expressions in the three stressor groups (estrogen, cortisol, and nicotine) were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.0001). The HSPs expression difference between cortisol and nicotine was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Based on the results of MTT analysis, the mean cell viability of oral mucosal keratinocytes in all three intervention groups decreased compared to the control group. In the cortisol and nicotine groups, cell death was significantly higher than in the control group. In the estrogen group, cell death was significantly lower than in the nicotine group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The specific concentrations of cortisol, estrogen, and nicotine as stressors can effectively reduce the expression of HSP70 in normal oral mucosal keratinocytes. These phenomena can be effective in cell viability and the development of oral lichen planus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The mortality rate from complications of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is high and exceeds the mortality rate from relapse of leukaemia. Ultrahigh expression of HSP 70 is associated with treatment resistance and is an adverse clinical outcome in ALL in children. The objective of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of the level of HSP 70 in the blood serum of children with ALL. Material and methods. 46 children with ALL were studied. Before the start of treatment, the level of HSP 70 in the blood serum has been studied (n = 46). In case of appearance of complications during the conduction of the remission induction, the HSP 70 has been restudied in blood serum (n = 29). Results. HSP 70 is significantly increased in children with ALL. A significant decrease in HSP 70 in the blood serum of patients with induction therapy was revealed compared with the initial level of this protein (p

Introduction: Heat shock proteins are biomarkers regulating the degree of differention and aggressiveness in oral carcinogenesis. The study was carried out to evaluate the expression of HSP 70 in histological grades of epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Methodology: A sample of 40, which included 10 (Normal), 15 (epithelial dysplasia) and 15 (oral squamous cell carcinoma) were selected. The biopsy samples were stained using H and E staining and HSP 70 IHC. Results: There was a statistical significant difference in expression of HSP 70 between normal oral mucosal tissue, leukoplakia and OSCC. Discussion and Conclusion: This study concludes the critical role of HSP70 as an oncogene in the development of oral cancer. HSP70 inhibition is, therefore a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.

In the winter of south China, low water temperatures resulted in a large‐scale mortality of tilapia, which is a tropical fish and sensitive to cold. How can we solute the problem? The growth performance, antioxidation and gene expression of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles in cold freshwater were investigated by feeding various dietary vitamin E (VE) or/and alanyl‐glutamine dipeptide (AGD) supplementation. Seven groups of the juveniles in triplicate were reared in tanks, with 120 L volume and 38 fish each tank, using exposed, filtered and aerated tap‐water. One group of the juveniles was reared in 28°C (normal water temperature control and marked as D0′) and another six groups of the juveniles in 18°C (cold water, one marked as cold water control, D0, and five marked as D1–D5). The GIFT tilapia juveniles were fed twice daily using one of six specific diets: control diet (D0′, D0) without additive; diets 1 to 5 were added different doses of VE or/and AGD based on per kg of dried feed. Diet 1 (D1) was added VE 100 IU alone; diet 2 (D2) AGD 10 g only; diet 3 (D3) VE 100 IU and AGD 10 g; diet 4 (D4) VE 50 IU and AGD 5 g; diet 5 (D5) VE 25 IU and AGD 2.5 g. The GIFT tilapia juveniles were reared for 12 weeks and sampled randomly for analysis in week 0 and 12. The following parameters in the serum, muscle and liver of the juveniles were determined: the expression of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) genes, survival rate (SR), relative weight gain (RWG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), GPX, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), glutathione/glutathione oxidized (GSH/GSSG) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC). The above‐mentioned parameters in the serum, muscle and liver of the D0 juveniles (18°C control) were lower significantly (p <.05) than those of the D0′ juveniles (28°C control). However, the above‐mentioned parameters were considerably promoted by feeding various additional dietary VE or/and AGD, in which the highest HSP70, PPARα and GPX gene expression, SR, RWG, SGR, PER, antioxidases, GSH/GSSG and T‐AOC were found in the liver, muscle and serum of the juveniles fed D3 and differed significantly from those of the juveniles fed other diets, respectively. In concluded, D3, with additional VE 100 IU and AGD 10 g per kg of dried feed, was the optimum diet for juvenile GIFT tilapia in 18°C freshwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Heat shock proteins are biomarkers regulating the degree of differention and aggressiveness in oral carcinogenesis. The study was carried out to evaluate the expression of HSP 70 in histological grades of epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Methodology: A sample of 40, which included 10 (Normal), 15 (epithelial dysplasia) and 15 (oral squamous cell carcinoma) were selected. The biopsy samples were stained using H and E staining and HSP 70 IHC. Results: There was a statistical significant difference in expression of HSP 70 between normal oral mucosal tissue, leukoplakia and OSCC. Discussion and Conclusion: This study concludes the critical role of HSP70 as an oncogene in the development of oral cancer. HSP70 inhibition is, therefore a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or strength training (ST) on inflammatory, oxidative stress (OS) and glycemic parameters in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients.Methods: After a 4-week control period, volunteers were randomly assigned to 10-week HIIT, ST or ST + HIIT protocol, performed 3×/week. Blood biochemistry, anthropometric, strength and cardiopulmonary fitness variables were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed via generalized estimating equations (GEE), with Bonferroni post hoc analysis.Results: ST, HIIT and ST + HIIT improved glycemic (HbA1c and fasting glucose) and antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities), but not plasma inflammatory (C-reactive protein, TNF-α and IL-10) or OS markers (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and oxLDL) levels. Noteworthy, interventions reduced soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products levels. However, intracellular heat shock protein 70 content increased only after HIIT. While daily insulin dosage decreased only in the ST + HIIT group, all training models induced anthropometric and functional benefits.Conclusions: Similar benefits afforded by ST, HIIT or ST + HIIT in T1DM people are associated with enhanced antioxidant systems and glucose-related parameter, even in a few weeks. From a practical clinical perspective, the performance of ST + HIIT may be advised for additional benefits regarding insulin dosage reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat shock proteins 70 have triggered a remarkable large body of research in various fishes; however, no genome-wide identification and expression analysis has been performed on the Hsp70 gene family of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris. In this study, we identified 20 Hsp70 genes within the genome of B. pectinirostris and provided insights into their response to high environmental ammonia (HEA) stress. Positive selection on stress response genes and expansion of hspa1a and hspa1a-like genes might be related to terrestrial adaptations in this species. The expression patterns of the Hsp70 gene family in the gill and liver of B. pectinirostris under HEA stress were studied by examining transcriptome data. The results showed that most Hsp70 genes were downregulated after high concentration ammonia exposure. The downregulation may be related to the hypoxic condition of the tissues.

Studying the strategies of improving abiotic stress tolerance is quite imperative and research under this field will increase our understanding of response mechanisms to abiotic stress such as heat. The Hsp70 is an essential regulator of protein having the tendency to maintain internal cell stability like proper folding protein and breakdown of unfolded proteins. Hsp70 holds together protein substrates to help in movement, regulation, and prevent aggregation under physical and or chemical pressure. However, this review reports the molecular mechanism of heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) action and its structural and functional analysis, research progress on the interaction of Hsp70 with other proteins and their interaction mechanisms as well as the involvement of Hsp70 in abiotic stress responses as an adaptive defense mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may affect biochemical and physiological processes in living organisms, thus impairing fitness related traits and influencing their populations. This imposes the need for providing early-warning signals of pollution. Our study aimed to examine changes in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the concentration of heat shock proteins (Hsp70) in homogenates of brain tissues of fifth instar gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar L.) larvae, exposed to the ubiquitous PAH, fluoranthene, supplemented to the rearing diet. Significantly increased activity of AChE in larvae fed on the diets with high fluoranthene concentrations suggests the necessity for elucidation of the role of AChE in these insects when exposed to PAH pollution. Significant induction of Hsp70 in gypsy moth larvae reared on the diets containing low fluoranthene concentrations, indicate that changes in the level of Hsp70 might be useful as an indicator of pollution in this widespread forest species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of industry has caused widespread pollution in the environment, which has a negative impact on living organisms. Spiders belong to the group of animals that can exist in these anthropogenically changed areas. This is probably due to the development of tolerance mechanisms in these organisms. The impact of long-term pollution on the development of the pre-adaptation to various stress factors in spiders is unknown. In this paper, we show that living in polluted areas affects the modulation of the response to other stress factors through changes in the Hsp70 level. We observed a positive reaction to heat shock in all of the experimental groups, which was expressed by an increase in Hsp70 synthesis compared to the control. The analysis of the protein level, which was a manifestation of the pre-adaptation, was dependent on the degree of pollution on the study sites, the sexes and the type of bioassay that was performed. Our results demonstrate the reaction of spiders living in contaminated areas to the presence of additional stressors. We anticipate our results will be another voice in the discussion on the use of Hsp70 as a stress biomarker in environmental biomonitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the brain protection mechanism of ulinastatin in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods:cortical cells of SD rat were isolated and cultured. HSP70 gene of some nerve cells was silenced by siRNA. Cortical cells were subjected to the oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery of oxygen-glucose, which simulated in vitro ischemia reperfusion injury, and pretreated with ulinastatin. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells, and western-blotting was employed to measure the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, HSP70, JNK, and p-JNK. Results: Compared with that of the control group, the apoptosis rate of cortical cells of the model group was significantly increased(P<0.05), and the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were upregulated obviously(P<0.01), but the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly decreased(P<0.05), the protein expression of HSP70 presented no significant changes. The apoptosis rate of cortical cells of ulinastatin pretreated group was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the protein expression of Bax was downregulated remarkablely compared with the model group(P<0.05), and the ratio of them become upregulated gradually(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the protein expression of HSP70 was significantly upregulated(P<0.05), and the protein expression of JNK presented no significant changes, while the protein expression of p-JNK was remarkablely downregulated(P<0.05). The protective effect of ulinastatin on cortical cells of cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats disappeared after HSP70 knockout, and the effect of ulinastatin on the protein expression of above genes present no significant changes. Conclusion: Protective effect of ulinastatin on cortical cells of cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats may be associated with the upregulation of HSP70 and the downregulation of p-JNK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate differences in HSPA8 polymorphisms between first-episode psychotic (FEP) schizophrenic patients and healthy participants after adjustment for temperamental personality traits. Main methods: This study included fifty drug-naive schizophrenic patients with an FEP and fifty healthy participants who served as controls. Genotyping of HSPA8 polymorphisms was performed in patients and healthy subjects as well. Personality characteristics were assessed using the standardized Greek version of the Alternative Five-Factor Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). Key findings: Our results showed that FEP patients presented a polymorphism differentiation related to the HSPA8 gene (rs1136141), and a higher frequency of T carriers compared to healthy controls was observed. The HSP8A polymorphism and the levels of Neuroticism as measured by the Alternative Five-Factor ZKPQ were the variables most closely and independently associated with FEP in multiple logistic regression analysis, and the odds of being assessed with a FEP was 2.8 times greater in T carriers compared to non-carriers. Significance: Present findings indicate a role of HSP8A in FEP and underline the importance of including personality traits in the study of the factors associated with the development of schizophrenia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Changes in ultrastructure and induction of Heat Shock Proteins 70 have been studied in Conocephalum conicum (Marchantiales) collected in different urban and country sites in Italy. These results were compared to the effects in vitro of exposition to different heavy metals for several days. At urban sites, cellular ultrastructure was modified, and heavy metals could be observed accumulating in cell walls. Simultaneously, a strong increment in Hsp70 was detected, compared with results observed on control specimens. When C. conicum was exposed to heavy metals in vitro, comparable effects as in polluted sites were observed: Cd and Pb accumulated mostly within parenchyma and, within cells, were absorbed to cell walls or concentrated in vacuoles. Moreover, severe alterations were observed in organelles. Concomitantly, a progressive accumulation of Hsp70 was detected following heavy metals exposition. These effects are discussed in order to describe the dose and time-dependent response to heavy metal stress in C. conicum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Many studies have shown that diabetes is often closely related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occurrence and metastasis. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone related to diabetes complications. This study aims to investigate the role of Hsp70 in OSCC in expression of invadopodia-associated proteins., Methods: The expressions and correlation of HSP70, Hif1α, MMP2, MMP14, and cortactin were examined using bioinformatics analysis and verified by OSCC tissue microarrays. Assay in vitro was performed to analyze cell migration capacity after treatment with or without the HSP70 inhibitor., Results: The expressions of invadopodia-associated proteins were enhanced in OSCC tissues compared with paracarcinoma tissues and partially correlated with HSP70. Inhibiting HSP70 significantly decreased the cell viability, proliferation, and migration of OSCC cells., Conclusions: HSP70 may be involved in invadopodia-associated proteins in OSCC cells, which provides a promising method for treatment of OSCC metastasis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Ding, Zhang, Yang, Wu, Su and Wang.)

Abstract: In developing insects, the peak level of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) initiates a decrease in cyclin expression, which subsequently triggers an arrest of cellular proliferation and the start of differentiation, finally culminating in the moult. We investigated the impact of cold-exposure (4°C) and recovery (26°C) on the cell cycle activity of the Plodia interpunctella Lepidoptera cell line IAL-PID2 and on the expression of B-type cyclin (PcycB), ecdysone receptor (B1-isoform; PiEcR-B1), and Hsc70 (PiHsc70) mRNA. Cold-exposure significantly reduced expression of these mRNAs, while their levels increased to above control values during subsequent recovery at the normal growth temperature. When cold-exposed cells were returned to 26°C, cell cycle activity restarted, but apoptosis was strongly increased. The presence of 20E appeared to increase this apoptotic phenomenon. This result is consistent with the described protective role of 20E against a variety of stressors and with the capacity of 20E to induce cell death in different situations. Here, we illustrate for the first time a connection between 20E treatment and Hsc70 expression during cold-exposure and subsequent recovery in insect cells. Combined with the 20E-induced apoptotic response, our results suggest that regulation of Hsc70 expression by 20E could act in synergy with the control of apoptotic cell death in order to optimize the survival of specific cell populations after a period of cold-exposure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Localization of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and metallothioneins (MTs) was investigated in a marine bivalve (Crassostrea gigas) by immunohistochemical methods. Differential protein expression was demonstrated in digestive gland, gonad and gills, using a polyclonal antibody against C. gigas proteins. Application of this technique showed the cellular and tissue immunolabelling specificity of the two proteins. HSPs and MTs were localized in the epithelium of the digestive gland and gills in contact with the palleal compartment. For the first time, localization of MTs was observed in mature gametes of bivalve molluscs. Our results establish a basis for the use of immmunodetection techniques to study the tissue-specific localization of stress proteins in marine bivalves exposed to metal stress. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Simple Summary: Heat shock proteins 70 is a family of proteins, which were expressed in response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors. The development of genomic resources and transcriptome sequences makes it practical to conduct a systematic analysis of these genes. In this study, exhaustive searches of all genomic resources for Boleophthalmus pectinirostris Hsp70 genes were performed and their responses to high environmental ammonia stress were investigated. Besides, selection test was implemented on those duplicated genes, and the phylogenetic tree, gene structure, and motif analysis were also constructed to assign names of them. The result showed that there were 20 Hsp70 genes within the genome of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, and some sites in the duplicated genes may experience positive selection, and most of Hsp70 genes were downregulated after exposure to high concentration ammonia. The present results of this study can be used as a reference for further biological studies on mudskippers. Heat shock proteins 70 have triggered a remarkable large body of research in various fishes; however, no genome-wide identification and expression analysis has been performed on the Hsp70 gene family of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris. In this study, we identified 20 Hsp70 genes within the genome of B. pectinirostris and provided insights into their response to high environmental ammonia (HEA) stress. Positive selection on stress response genes and expansion of hspa1a and hspa1a-like genes might be related to terrestrial adaptations in this species. The expression patterns of the Hsp70 gene family in the gill and liver of B. pectinirostris under HEA stress were studied by examining transcriptome data. The results showed that most Hsp70 genes were downregulated after high concentration ammonia exposure. The downregulation may be related to the hypoxic condition of the tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Microbial involvement in colorectal cancer (CRC) is now well established. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) is the main products of anaerobic microbial fermentation in the large intestine and affects colonic health. SCFA mainly produced as microbial metabolites, acetate, propionate, and butyrate acids. Several in vitro studies showed that butyrate induce expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 that has function in the beginning of apoptosis., Aim: The aim of this study was investigating the differences level SCFA and HSP 70 expression in CRC compared with non-CRC patients., Material and Methods: The study consists of 14 patients diagnosed with CRC and 14 non-CRC patients. Stool sample were analyzed for SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate acids) with gas chromatography and the result is given as μg/mL and the protein expression of HSP70 was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and haematoxylin-eosin staining to determine the morphological changes in colon tissue., Results: We found that CRC patients had lower level of acetate, propionate and butyrate acids than non-CRC. Whereas in CRC patients, the mean concentration of acetate was 8,55 μg/mL, propionate was 5,61 μg/mL and butyrate acids were 3,79 μg/mL respectively (all P < 0.05). And among the samples of patients with colorectal cancer was obtained the highest expression of HSP-70., Conclusions: Short chain fatty acids were indirectly contributed in the role of pathogenesis in CRC despite another factor could affect for this disease.

Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), which has been identified as an endogenous cardioprotective factor, possesses potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood yet. In this study, we investigated the effects of HSF1-regulated RelA, a subunit of NFκB on cardiomyocyte death. Cultured cardiomyocytes were transfected with HSF1 plasmid before the treatment of TNFα. Cell death ratio was determined by cell staining. Additionally, the expression of RelA in the cytoplasm and cytonucleus as well as its subcellular location was detected, and the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) in the cardiomyocytes was also examined. Not only did TNFα remarkably enhanced cardiac cell death, but also elevated the expressions of intracellular RelA and elicited its translocation. Overexpression of HSF1 effectively attenuated cell death induced by TNFα. Although HSF1 didn't significantly inhibit the intracellular activation of RelA induced by TNFα at an early stage, HSF1 decreased the levels of RelA and the translocation of RelA in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus at late stage. Besides, the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 was significantly increased when HSF1 was overexpressed. These results suggested that HSF1 attenuated cardiomyocyte death via inhibiting activation of RelA as well as preventing its translocation from the cytoplasm to the cytonucleus, which was partially associated with HSP70 and HSP90 up-regulated by HSF1 overexpression., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)