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International audience; Depuis une cinquantaine d’années, progrès techniques, normes, et retours d’expérience ont permis d’élever très significativement le niveau de sécurité des organisations industrielles à risques. Cette amélioration a été suffisamment patente pour que l’on parle aujourd’hui de « systèmes ultra-sûrs ». Pourtant, des évènements récents, comme le naufrage de la plateforme pétrolière Deepwater Horizon, ou plus récemment l’explosion du Lac Mégantic, nous démontrent les limites de la sécurité de ces systèmes sociotechniques complexes. Chacun nouvel accident industriel majeur remet en cause le plan de maitrise des risques initial. Si aujourd’hui ces « big-ones » sont plus rares, leurs conséquences sont souvent beaucoup plus importantes. Ces constats sur les limites actuelles de la progression de la sécurité ne peuvent être satisfaisants. Nous nous intéressons ici au système de gestion de la sécurité (SGS). A l’interface entre manager intuitif, outil de gestion, risque, décision et responsabilité, le SGS est un outil central de la maitrise des risques industriel. Plus que déclencher la prise de décision d’anticipation, il doit la protéger et permettre l’adoption d’une posture de prudence, lorsque tous les signaux de risques démontrent la résistance du système. En outre, de nombreux documents sont aujourd’hui disponibles pour concevoir et mettre en œuvre un SGS. Face à cette boite à outil, le manager-décideur doit être soutenu dans son choix de modèle, afin de lui permettre de constituer un espace critique dans des écosystèmes décisionnels qui mêlent équivocité de la situation, contrainte de l’action, incertitude sur les effets, et responsabilité des conséquences.

International audience; Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the determinants of web‐based corporate reporting by French‐listed firms. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a literature review of the determinants of web‐based corporate disclosures and is both descriptive and explicative. It analyzes the use of the internet to disseminate corporate information and examines the extent of web‐based corporate disclosure by developing a set of disclosure indexes. To test the authors' hypotheses, an OLS regression framework was estimated on a sample of 529 French‐listed firms in 2005. Findings – Descriptive analysis shows that French firms are using the internet to disseminate existing rather than timely information. The results show that large‐sized firms, large‐audited firms, firms featuring a dispersed ownership structure, those that have issued bonds or equities and IT industry firms extensively used the web to disclose information to their shareholders. The results also show that voluntary disclosures are more suited for the internet than mandatory disclosures. Research limitations/implications – The study does not cover all information provided on web sites, particularly those about the impact of IFRS on companies' accounts. Practical implications – The findings are useful to both managers, wishing to meet actual and potential investors' informational needs and to investors wishing to invest in a richer informational environment and to better assess firm value. Originality/value – This paper provides a better understanding of the choice of the internet to release information in the French context, where internet corporate reporting is not standardized as in the USA and Canada.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to add to the understanding of the monitoring role of multiple large shareholders (MLS) by examining their impact on the informativeness of firms' earnings.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses regression models that relate earnings to stock returns for a sample of 402 French publicly traded firms covered during 2003‐2007.FindingsThe paper shows that earnings informativeness is significantly positively related to the owner's ultimate cash flow rights. Consistent with the alignment effect, stock ownership aligns management and shareholders interests which reduces managers' incentives to manipulate accounting information. It also finds that earnings informativeness is significantly negatively related to the excess control of the ultimate controlling shareholder. This result supports the entrenchment effect and suggests that controlling shareholders have greater incentives to obscure accounting figures when expropriation is likely. Finally, control contestability of the largest controlling shareholder mitigates information asymmetry problems thereby enhancing earnings informativeness.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings stress the importance of MLS in enhancing internal monitoring and mitigating agency costs. Because France is characterized by a weak legal system, highly concentrated ownership structures and excess control, the results provide valuable insights to mitigate extreme agency problems.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the literature on corporate governance and the quality of accounting information by investigating strategic interactions between various blockholders and their impact on earnings informativeness. The study complements prior studies on the monitoring role of MLS by demonstrating that both their presence and control size translate into significantly greater earnings informativeness.

More and more attention is paid nowadays to the human health concerns, associated with environmental problems arising from the fossil fuel use. The world scientific community offers new alternatives that, despite being more environmentally friendly, require an analysis of their potential environmental impacts. For example, biorefineries are becoming increasingly widespread nowadays offering a large gamma of bio-based products. However, it is necessary to take into account what potential effects such facility may have on the human health, depending on its geographical location since different territories may be more or less sensitive to its installation. Our study describes a new bioprocess implementation in terms of impact on human health through three countries: France, Belgium or China. In order to understand what territory can be more appropriate to the industrial process installation in terms of its effects on the human health, we propose to use the spatialized life-cycle analysis methodology.

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Entrepreneurial education (EE) has proliferated in recent years, however, while previous research has extensively analyzed the impact of EE on students’ entrepreneurial intentions (EI), studies tend to analyze EE as a monolithic concept without distinguishing between different types of academic activities and hence under examining how EE achieves its goals. To fill this gap in the literature, drawing on Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior and EE theory, we examine the relative effectiveness of different teaching models (supply, demand, and competence models) and specific academic activities in developing entrepreneurial intentions (EI). In particular, we focus on interdisciplinary activities (i.e., activities involving students from varying profiles and career fields), a type of academic activity that has been neglected by previous literature. We also explore potential differences in the effectiveness of these models depending on students’ educational stage and gender, factors which have also been overlooked by the literature. Using survey data from 859 business school students, a structural model, and partial least squares technique, we found differences in the impact of teaching models on students’ EI depending on activity characteristics, as well as student educational stage and gender. The results have important implications for educational practice and for public and private organizations interested in promoting entrepreneurship: i) the importance of autonomy, experiential learning, and exploratory learning in entrepreneurship-promotion activities, and ii) the convenience of tailoring these activities according to the gender, year of education, and academic field of the students.

This is the last version of the paper. Sorry for the delay.; International audience; Sustainable business models are promising strategies to combat environmental,social, and economic depletion. They produce several benefits from systemic relationships among multiple actors, however; they explicitly consider the environment and society as main stakeholders.Currently, research is focused on reveal how sustainable business models create sustainable values but not much has been said about the typologies of values produced. Conducting a case study methodology, we studied a venture serving poor people living in an environmental exhausted context. As a result, we found that the sustainable model produces forms of value that can extend the conventional sustainable value frameworks discussed in the literature. We believe our results show sustainable value facets not portrayed so far.

Research has shown a higher level of pro-environmental values and attitudes for women (vs. men), but discrepancies remain regarding pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs). Thus, women tend to adopt more PEBs than men in the private sphere, whereas no differences are observed in the public sphere. This paper aims to investigate whether women’s engagement in the public sphere is linked to social expectations. To address this issue, we tested messages based on social norms with 117 men and 124 women; their purpose was to engage the participants in PEBs in public sphere. Our results show a significant difference between men and women with the injunctive norm messages, but none with the control condition and descriptive social norm messages. These results validate our hypothesis that women engage in PEBs in the public sphere due to social expectations. We discuss this result using the literature on gender and PEBs and question the role of nudges using social norms; they may increase involvement, but they also increase feelings of guilt. We finally propose future research avenues and implications for citizens and non-profit organizations.

Business‐oriented environmental regulation is expected to have a fundamental role in mitigating the adverse effects of human activity on the natural environment. However, its effectiveness and efficiency are not well established. A systematic literature review reveals validity and reliability problems in the measurement of business‐oriented environmental regulation. From a sustainable development perspective, we develop a theoretical framework that aims to enhance the measurement and assessment of this kind of regulation. Our theoretical framework proposes that the goals of business‐oriented environmental regulation must articulate a measurement system in a 3 × 3 matrix: three measurement levels (stringency, response, and outcome—in this cause–effect order) and three sustainability dimensions (environmental, social, and economic—in this constraint order). For each cell, we propose a combination of objective and subjective indicators. This theoretical framework expands existing approaches to business‐oriented environmental regulation measurement by integrating a sustainable development perspective into a measurement framework in a structured theory‐driven manner. Not only will this measurement system be useful for improving environmental policy, but it will also allow companies to improve their business strategy and come closer to complying with environmental regulations in order to effectively contribute to solutions for current environmental problems and help achieve a sustainable development.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose both a retrospective and a prospective look at one of the most powerful concepts in marketing research: consumption experience. Design/methodology/approach A historical review of the development of the concept of consumption experience is conducted from its introduction 35 years ago by Holbrook and Hirschman’s (1982) seminal paper to the most recent advances, including the articles selected for this special issue. Findings First, the authors show that the introduction of the concept of consumer experience was a major (r)evolution on the theoretical, methodological and managerial levels. Second, the authors examine the theoretical risks associated with a biased conceptualization of the consumption experience. Third, the authors highlight future avenues for research on the consumption experience from both macro- (“zoom-out”) and micro-analytic (“zoom-in”) perspectives. Originality/value This paper offers a comprehensive view on one of the most disruptive concepts in marketing theory.

This special issue of the Journal of Strategic Marketing (JSM) is devoted to generations, and more particularly to how marketing researchers and managers may connect this concept to strategic and o...

International audience; Recent literature on open innovation (OI) highlights the need for studies regarding the factors that influence firms to switch from a closed to an OI strategy. At the same time, stakeholder literature points out the scarcity of knowledge regarding antecedent factors fostering collaboration with the firm's stakeholders and their engagement for higher value creation. To fill these gaps, we propose an analytical framework for implementing a strategic OI process through the development of stakeholder engagement. Our framework comprises 17 factors grouped in five levers: knowledge, collaboration, organizational, strategic, and financial. We empirically applied this framework to two industrial SMEs. A qualitative study was conducted based on semi-structured interviews with internal and external stakeholders of both firms. The results show that one company successfully implemented the OI process, while the other struggled to evolve from a traditionally closed innovation model to a more open model. Analyzing the results, we identified several aspects that could explain this difference. These aspects concern the OI activities performed by both firms, the combination of the five levers into a coherent OI approach, stakeholder engagement, and the characteristics of the CEOs. The current study contributes insights for theory and practice, especially as it proposes an original framework for developing a strategic OI process that integrates a stakeholder approach.

International audience; The literature dedicated to heritage experience and brand heritage defends the idea that it is a source of significant value creation for consumers and brands. By contrast, the aim of this article is to propose a more complete view of the consequences of the heritage strategy for brands and consumers by exploring how consumers perceive a brand heritage experience and by identifying potential resistances that may emerge during their visits. In consequence, this research examines the features of a brand heritage experience through extended case studies in two brand museums with narratives of 47 visitors. By unpacking a brand heritage experience, the study highlights its acceptance by a majority of visitors as a real heritage experience since they give scientific, authentic and aesthetic values to the industrial and commercial features of the brand. However, some visitors do not accept – partially or totally – the brand as part of the heritage corpus insofar as they exhibit scepticism or even reject the experience.

International audience; Market-level studies based on institutional theory have gained prominence in recent marketing research seeking to investigate legitimation dynamics. Although these studies have paid particular attention to how organizations build legitimacy in new markets, they have rarely explored legitimations strategies in mature markets, which mostly remain the prerogative of organizational theory. Such emphasis on new markets is thus limiting our understanding of legitimation dynamics in general and legitimacy maintenance in particular, especially since new and mature markets have different characteristics. When markets are well established, they tend to become the target of a growing number of contestations by actors seeking to introduce new societal issues. Once these issues have been institutionalized, organizations must address them to maintain their legitimacy. In this study, we investigate the discursive strategies used by the French carmakers when environmental considerations gained prominence between 2006 and 2008. In contrast to prior works in organizational theory which assume that organizations respond to institutional pressures in an undifferentiated way, our results show that organizations adopt differentiated legitimation strategies by adapting their discourse to their different stakeholders. Paradoxically, we find evidence of industry-wide isomorphism, where rather than developing idiosyncratic discourses, organizations adopt conventional discursive strategies.

This Special Issue's aim is to take stock of the existing research in marketing that refers to institutional theory and provide insights on how extending dialogue can further enrich marketing research as well as provide new insights for institutional theory. Reviewing the existing literature and the published articles in this Special Issue allows to isolate limitations and to point to four directions for future research.

International audience; The domains of Design and Business have provided useful and practical information for the complex problems faced at the BoP. Autonomous propositions of innovation and strategy were respectively developed by both areas of knowledge. Nowadays, they are converging on a new and interesting research topic called Sustainable Business Model. The aim of this article, through a narrative literature review, is to understand the evolution of PSS from two different but complementary approaches as well as to identify the topics that have permanently shaped the PSS research in search of sustainable value proposals for the BoP.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of classroom interdisciplinary diversity, a type of classroom diversity that has been under-examined by previous literature, on the formation of university students’ entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Design/methodology/approach Based on Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour and the interactionist model of creative behaviour by Woodman et al. (1993), this paper provides empirical evidence demonstrating that classroom interdisciplinary diversity is important in the formation of university students’ EI at early educational stages using a cross-sectional study design and survey data on first-year business school students and partial least squares analysis. Findings Classroom interdisciplinary diversity is important in the formation of university students’ EI through its positive impact on entrepreneurial perceived behavioural control (PBC) (self-efficacy), a key antecedent of EI. Practical implications The results have important implications for educational practice as well as for both public and private organisations willing to promote entrepreneurial activity, in particular, the positive effects of combining people with different profiles and career fields of interest on entrepreneurial PBC (self-efficacy). Originality/value This study contributes to the scant literature on early university experiences in entrepreneurship education and their influence on EI. It studies the impact of an under-examined dimension of diversity (classroom interdisciplinary diversity) on the formation of students’ EI.

This article proposes a proactive environmental strategy (PES) and eco-innovation as environmental dynamic capabilities and analyzes the relationship between these capabilities as well as their influence on performance in 126 hotels in Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on survey data, path analysis was used for hypothesis testing. The results show a positive and significant link between a PES and both eco-innovation and performance (organizational and environmental); eco-innovation shows a positive and significant link to environmental performance as well as a negative and significant link to organizational performance. Our research provides a better understanding of the use of environmental dynamic capabilities in value creation but also notes limitations and challenges in their implementation in the hotel industry.

Traditional retailers are facing the competition of new actors born in the internet world. Whereas those physical retailers try to expand online, the virtual operators recognize the need to develop a physical presence in the marketplace. Models of marketing channels are used to implement distribution strategies in physical stores, and the concept of multisided platform is now classically referred to for internet operations. How can those diverging theoretical frames be combined to help managers in their strategic decisions ?, Les distributeurs physiques sont confrontés à la concurrence d'acteurs issus du monde de l'internet. Tandis que les distributeurs physiques cherchent à développer leurs activités en ligne, les acteurs de l'internet ont perçu la nécessité de développer une présence physique sur leurs marchés. Les choix stratégiques des distributeurs historiques s'appuient sur les modèles théoriques du canal de distribution, tandis que les stratégies en ligne ont fait émerger la théorie des plates-formes multilatérales. Ces cadres théoriques différents peuvent-ils être rapprochés pour éclairer la prise de décision stratégique des managers ?

This study examines the effect of employee well-being on the corporate debt maturity structure of U.S. firms. It hypothesizes that a firm's degree of commitment to employee welfare affects its debt maturity structure. Using a sample of 19,347 firm-year observations over the period 1991–2014, we find evidence that firms with higher employee welfare scores prefer long-term debt over short-term debt. This relationship is more pronounced for firms operating in human-capital-intensive industries and firms with lower labor union-membership rate. Our findings are robust to endogeneity concerns and insensitive to the use of alternative regression methods, variable measurements, and sample compositions. This paper provides novel evidence on the role of employment policies and practices in explaining variations in debt maturity.

The bottom of the pyramid (BoP) consists of 1.4 billion people living less than 1.25 USD per day. Fulfilling unmet needs of BoP people involves the design of products as a main activity. Designing products for the BoP faces two main problems. First, there is a general lack of understanding of the needs of users and second, traditional design methods may be limited in addressing the BoP context. Frugal innovation is positioned as a very interesting approach with the potential to adequately respond to the design challenges of the products for the BoP. However, studies in engineering design based on frugal innovation are still limited. In response to these issues, through an analysis and review of the literature, an exploratory mapping of the proposals in frugal innovation and the characteristics of the BoP was conducted. On the basis of the results, this paper defines a set of eight frugal criteria design and an identification of three dimensions that characterize a BoP context and two roles of BoP people. Finally, an association of BoP dimensions and roles with the key criteria of frugal design is proposed.

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. The environment of industrial markets is highly institutionalized, and research has documented different types of institutional work conducted by firms. However, the way in which individuals within organizations perceive and conduct such work is not well-understood. In this paper, we adopt the “inhabited institutions” approach to study how business-to-business managers experience the institutional work conducted by their companies as a strategic orientation. In-depth interviews with 34 managers reveal that institutional orientation is composed of three dimensions: the key institutional customers concept, institutional embeddedness, and market legitimacy. In addition, our study uncovers the relationships among these dimensions. The article concludes with the theoretical implications of the research as well as with a discussion regarding how a culture of institutional work, i.e., institutional orientation, can be instrumental in enhancing the performance of BtoB firms.

International audience

This article adopts an institutional view to rethink consumer resistance. Two types of consumers who resist market domination are identified: “rebels” and “entryists.” Rebels are able to consume but do not want to and oppose all or part of the market, whereas entryists want to consume but are kept out of the market. These two categories of resistant consumers are regarded as institutional entrepreneurs because they attempt to shape established institutions. Rebels are game changers, their resistance aims at disrupting market and consumption practices while entryists are justiciaries, their resistance aims at empowering those who are left behind. Implications for marketing of this renewed vision of consumer resistance are discussed in this article.

The Base of the Pyramid (BoP) includes 46% of the world's population living on less than $ 5.5 per day. The countries at the top of the pyramid (TOP, developed countries) also have their own BoP populations. Responding to the unmet needs of the BoP involves product design as the core business of industries. Designing products for the BoP faces two main challenges. First, there is a general lack of understanding of user needs, and second, traditional industrial design methods may be limited in dealing with the BoP context. Frugal innovation is positioned as a very interesting approach with the potential to adequately respond to product design challenges for the BoP. However, design studies based on frugal innovation are still limited. In response to these problems, through an analysis and review of the literature, an exploratory study of frugal innovation proposals was carried out. Based on the results, this paper defines a set of eight frugal design criteria., La base de la pyramide (BoP) regroupe 46% de la population mondiale vivant avec moins de 5,5 USD par jour. Les pays situés au sommet de la pyramide (TOP, pays développés) ont également leurs propres populations BoP. Répondre aux besoins non satisfaits de la BoP implique la conception de produits comme activité principale des industries. La conception de produits pour le BoP est confrontée à deux problèmes principaux. Premièrement, il existe un manque général de compréhension des besoins des utilisateurs et, deuxièmement, les méthodes traditionnelles de conception industrielle peuvent être limitées pour traiter le contexte BoP. L'innovation frugale se positionne comme une approche très intéressante avec le potentiel de répondre adéquatement aux défis de conception des produits pour le BoP. Cependant, les études en conception basées sur l'innovation frugale sont encore limitées. En réponse à ces problèmes, à travers une analyse et une revue de la littérature, une étude exploratoire des propositions en innovation frugale a été réalisée. Sur la base des résultats, cet article définit un ensemble de huit critères frugaux de conception.

This article treats crowdfunding, a practice that helps firms fund new projects using online communities of consumers, as a specific case of co-production. Through the lens of principal–agent theory, the article examines the agency relationship in co-production through which a company delegates some parts of the production process to consumers, empowering them. More specifically, a qualitative study uncovers three issues in the agency relationship created by crowdfunding. The issues pertain to the funding source, approval of a project, and community management, and all represent sources of empowerment for consumers. The results thus expand the co-production model to cover earlier stages of the project life cycle (i.e. the funding step). In crowdfunding, consumers collectively determine whether the product will be launched on the market or not, thus suggesting the notion of inverted agency relationship with consumers having some ideas about products to put on the market as principals and companies giving shape to these ideas as agents.

International audience; While the role of the sales staff has been significantly reduced in the most recent point-of-sale format innovations, this article analyzes its role in the process of learning and adopting a Drive by customers. The qualitative study carried out shows that this process is fostered by the interaction between the employee and the customer. This interaction allows customers to develop their organizational socialization towards the Drive and thereby strengthen their relationship with the point-of-sale, even in this minimal interaction context. In other words the human factor remains fundamental when learning a retail business innovation, even when it incorporates an important digital aspect. Indeed, the analysis of the interviews conducted with 74 customers and non-customers shows that this interaction enables customers to develop their organizational socialization which contributes itself to the adoption of the new retailing format. Such results allow: (1) identifying the actions to be taken to promote the learning and the adoption of this sales format, and (2) more generally, highlighting the role of the staff in contact, in terms of the value creation strategy. In addition, they provide managers with food for thought, encouraging them to support customers in their learning efforts through concrete actions.; Alors que le rôle du personnel de vente a été sensiblement réduit dans les plus récentes innovations de format des points de vente, cet article analyse sa place dans le processus d’apprentissage et d’adoption d’un Drive par les clients. L’étude qualitative réalisée met en évidence que ce processus est favorisé par l’interaction entre l’employé et le client. Cette interaction permet au client de développer sa socialisation organisationnelle au Drive et par là-même de renforcer son lien avec le point de vente, même dans ce contexte d’interaction minimale. Autrement dit, le facteur humain reste fondamental lors de l’apprentissage d’une innovation commerciale, même lorsque celle-ci intègre une composante digitale importante. En effet, à partir de l’analyse des entretiens menés auprès de 74 clients et non clients, il ressort que cette interaction permet au client de développer sa socialisation organisationnelle, qui contribue elle-même à l’adoption du nouveau format. De tels résultats permettent : (1) d’identifier les actions à conduire pour favoriser l’apprentissage et l’adoption de ce format de vente, et (2) plus généralement de mettre en évidence le rôle du personnel en contact dans la stratégie de création de valeur. Ils apportent en outre aux managers des éléments de réflexion, les incitant à soutenir, par des actions concrètes, les clients dans leurs efforts d’apprentissage.

International audience; Customers’ adoption of a Drive: an inter-actionist approach through the organizational socialization and therole of the staff in contactWhile the role of the sales staff has been significantly reduced in the most recent point-of-sale format innovations, thisarticle analyzes its role in the process of learning and adopting a Drive by customers. The qualitative study carried outshows that this process is fostered by the interaction between the employee and the customer. This interaction allowscustomers to develop their organizational socialization towards the Drive and thereby strengthen their relationship withthe point-of-sale, even in this minimal interaction context. In other words the human factor remains fundamental whenlearning a retail business innovation, even when it incorporates an important digital aspect. Indeed, the analysis of theinterviews conducted with 74 customers and non-customers shows that this interaction enables customers to developtheir organizational socialization which contributes itself to the adoption of the new retailing format. Such results allow:(1) identifying the actions to be taken to promote the learning and the adoption of this sales format, and (2) more gene-rally, highlighting the role of the staff in contact, in terms of the value creation strategy. In addition, they provide mana-gers with food for thought, encouraging them to support customers in their learning efforts through concrete actions.; Alors que le rôle du personnel de vente a été sensiblement réduit dans les plus récentes innovations de format despoints de vente, cet article analyse sa place dans le processus d’apprentissage et d’adoption d’un Drive par les clients.L’étude qualitative réalisée met en évidence que ce processus est favorisé par l’interaction entre l’employé et leclient. Cette interaction permet au client de développer sa socialisation organisationnelle au Drive et par là-même derenforcer son lien avec le point de vente, même dans ce contexte d’interaction minimale. Autrement dit, le facteurhumain reste fondamental lors de l’apprentissage d’une innovation commerciale, même lorsque celle-ci intègreune composante digitale importante. En effet, à partir de l’analyse des entretiens menés auprès de 74 clients et nonclients, il ressort que cette interaction permet au client de développer sa socialisation organisationnelle, qui contribueelle-même à l’adoption du nouveau format. De tels résultats permettent : (1) d’identifier les actions à conduire pourfavoriser l’apprentissage et l’adoption de ce format de vente, et (2) plus généralement de mettre en évidence le rôledu personnel en contact dans la stratégie de création de valeur. Ils apportent en outre aux managers des éléments deréflexion, les incitant à soutenir, par des actions concrètes, les clients dans leurs efforts d’apprentissage.

Ecodesigning a product means reducing its environmental impacts throughout its life cycle. The severity or seriousness of an environmental impact depends in particular on where it occurs. This study proposes a seriousness indicator complementary to the impact indicator, via a spatialization approach, in order to provide new information for decision-making in design.

International audience; The paper investigates whether Southern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern markets under the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Malta, and Turkey) have become more financially integrated with the European stock market over time. The findings suggest that the Turkish equity market is moderately integrated with the European market, while the other economies exhibit weak financial integration with Europe, supporting the idea that the partnership appears to have no effect on enhancing inter-market linkages for these economies. Therefore, these markets would be good destinations for international investors seeking attractive investment opportunities to diversify their equity portfolios. Structural changes in the cross-market integration do exist, which may be considered as a guide for international equity portfolio diversification over different subperiods. In addition, there is evidence of an increasing trend in conditional correlations for Egypt and Turkey, to varying degrees, over time, notably during the post global financial crisis of 2007–2008, thus revealing herding behavior during this period. Overall, investors should be wary of the variation of equity market integration over time before engaging in an investment at the level of portfolio management and diversification. Policymakers must be aware of the remoteness of the current achievements of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership from the targets set in terms of financial development and economic growth.

International audience

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the consequences of the heritage experience in brand museums on the consumer–brand relationship. By highlighting its heritage within a museum, the brand proposes a specific experience that deserves attention because it is based on memory and communal identity, thus creating or strengthening a relationship with consumers. Design/methodology/approach Ethnographic case studies were conducted through direct observation and extensive interviews with 72 visitors at two brand museums, the Fallot Mustard Mill and the House of the Laughing Cow. Findings The results highlight the emergence/strengthening of the relationship between consumers and the brand through the development of intimacy with the brand and the emergence of supportive behaviors toward the brand in the form of commercial support, ambassadorship and volunteering. Research limitations/implications By characterizing and articulating the different relational consequences of visiting a brand museum, this research contributes to the literature dedicated to heritage experiences in consumption contexts and to the literature dedicated to consumer–brand relationships in servicescapes. Practical implications The study shows the necessity of grounding “heritage” in the physical setting of the brand museum to create a meaningful experience for visitors and, in turn, a deep relationship. Managers should treat brand museums as a relational tool in the marketing strategy of the brand and approach them from the perspective of long-term profitability. Originality/value While the literature has examined the spectacular and esthetic experiences brand museums offer, this study is the first to characterize the heritage experience and to document its consequences in terms of the consumer–brand relationship.

International audience; The aim of this paper is to observe how supreme courts use their discretionary power over their dockets to correct appellate courts’ decisions relative to their own interpretation of the law. There are two supreme courts in France, the Conseil d’État for the administrative branch, and the Cour de Cassation for the civil one. In both courts, at different dates though, a reform took place that gave them discretionary control over their dockets. Hence, a difference in the supreme courts’ decisions might be due to either different correction activities, selection strategies, or both. Accordingly, it is necessary to distinguish between them before drawing any conclusions about supreme courts’ behaviors. We develop an econometric approach to assess whether the correction activities are similar between supreme courts, and whether these activities are affected when the supreme courts can select cases. Using an original database of all environmental cases determined by the supreme courts between 1956 and 2010, we rely on a counterfactual approach to compare cases across the courts before and after the reforms. Our study concludes that correction activities do not differ across the courts as long as they are submitted to the same selection rule. We also find that the supreme courts use the possibility of selection to increase their pro-plaintiff correction activities in a way that affects the overall probability of success of plaintiffs and defendants.

International audience; The Resource-Advantage Theory of Competition states that a comparative advantage in resources leads to a competitive advantage in the marketplace. This research aims to expand this theory by including the role of innovation, particularly environmental innovation, as a moderating variable in the relationship between resources and competitive advantages. Empirical evidence of this moderating effect is obtained through factor and regression analyses with survey data collected from 130 small agricultural businesses located in Oaxaca, Mexico. This is a traditional sector in an emerging economy. Theoretical implications include the importance of environmental issues in competition as well as the applicability of this framework to the agricultural sector. Practical implications for small agricultural businesses are related to the effectiveness of environmental innovation in the enhancement of competitiveness through both cost reduction and value added.

International audience; The literature on empowerment in marketing has grown exponentially in the 2000s. This article provides a comprehensive review of the concept of consumer empowerment, which in prior research has given rise to a variety of work with sometimes contradictory theoretical frameworks. Consequently, research fragmentation on the one hand, and the lack of integrative framework uniting all facets of empowerment, on the other hand, justify this research. We carried out a review of more than 600 publications and books in various disciplines. As literature on consumer empowerment is traditionally published on Ebsco, this database was favored, then we've opened our study to other search engines (Elsevier, Web of Web of Science and Google Scholar).We conducted a research for articles with titles, keywords, or abstracts containing the terms "empowerment" and "consumer". From this research and identified references, we've selected 142 articles that we've studied in depth. Firstly, building on scholarly insights from multiple literature streams, this paper identifies three facets of empowerment (bestowing power, gaining power, and as a subjective state) and structures extant marketing research according to it. As a matter of fact, marketing literature related to consumer empowerment can be classified according to the three facets of empowerment: the literature on public policy and collaborative management practices illustrates the process of delegation of power by local authorities or companies to consumers, while the process of gaining power from the consumers' perspective focuses on resistance to market structures. Finally, empowerment as a subjective state, called « psychological empowerment », refers to the consumer « sense of empowerment » related to an extension of its resources and an easier access to information by Web 2.0. Secondly, an examination of foundational theories of power enables us to identify three models of power: the consumer sovereignty model, the cultural power model and the discursive power model. These three competing models deliver a different and complementary approach of the concept of empowerment and refer implicitly to the three facets of empowerment (bestowing power, gaining power, and power as a subjective state) discussed in this paper. Thirdly, linking the critical synthesis of empirical findings from marketing literature and theoretical approaches of power, we propose an integrated framework where future advancements on empowerment can be developed. This analysis reveals some limits associated with earlier research. We end by suggesting further directions of research to advance the theorization and empirical testing of empowerment.

International audience

This research conceptualizes revenue management as a specific strategic orientation—that is, the belief, and the processes that guide this belief, that revenue management leads to greater performance. As a first step, we propose REMANOR, a two-dimensional measure of revenue management orientation (RMO). Then, we investigate the impact of RMO on firm performance in the French hotel industry. The results show that RMO plays a mediating role in the relationship between market orientation and performance. The article also highlights the moderating role of customers' acceptance of revenue management practices on the RMO-performance relationship. The article concludes with the theoretical and managerial implications of the research.

International audience; Brand attachment shows significant effects on the adoption of behaviours in the profit domain. Surprisingly, however, this concept has not been tested in the non-profit context. Concepts such as brand image or brand personality have already been the subject of studies, but attachment to nonprofit brand remains a concept to be explored. This study proposes to fill this gap by testing the determinants and effects of attachment to the nonprofit brand on three pro-environmental behaviours. To this end, a study of 1160 supporters of an environmental NGO was carried out. This study leads to the identification of the formation of the concept of attachment to the nonprofit brand and the measurement of its effects. It also questions the effects of the concepts of nonprofit brand image and value orientations.

International audience

International audience

International audience; While the literature has mainly considered brand museums as communication tools or complex retail environments, this article analyses them through a heritage framework and suggests that brands can use heritage technologies of the arts for their own purposes. The case study of the brand museum of the Laughing Cow highlights the heritage technologies the brand uses to endorse two heritage roles: an inter-generational memory role based on the transmission of the brand's history and a community representation role through spaces and objects. As a consequence, this research sheds light on how brands can come to be accepted as heritage objects. By using heritage technologies within a museum, brands can capture heritage functions, and thus no longer fully rests in a market logic: the brand becomes a sacred and inalienable common good.

This research investigates the relevance of exchange norms in a business-to-consumer context and studies the impact of both relational and discrete norms on customer satisfaction in services. As existing scales focus only on relational norms and are mostly limited to business-to-business contexts, Study 1 ( n = 164) proposes measurement scales for seven exchanges norms adapted to a business-to-consumer context: Reciprocity, The Linking norms, Creation and restraint of power, Role integrity, Solidarity, Flexibility, and Effectuation of consent. Study 2 ( n = 295) tests the influence on these norms on customer satisfaction. The article demonstrates that exchange norms as a whole positively affect customer satisfaction and, more specifically, that relational norms explain satisfaction better than discrete norms. The findings also show that, contrary to customer relationship proneness, relationship duration moderates the link between exchange norms and customer satisfaction.

International audience; This paper investigates the short-term overreaction to specific events and whether stock prices are predictable in the Egyptian stock exchange (EGX). We find evidence of the short-term overreaction in the EGX. Losers (“bad news” portfolios) significantly outperform winners (“good news” portfolios) and investors can earn abnormal return by selling the winners and buying losers. Terrorist attacks have negative and significant abnormal returns for three days post event followed by price reversals on day four post event. Whereas, the tensions in the Middle East region have a negative and significant abnormal returns on event day followed by price reversals on day one post event. Moreover, the formation of a new government has no effect on the average abnormal returns post event in the EGX. The results also show that small firms tend to have greater price reversals compared to large firms. Overall, our results provide evidence of the leakage of information in the EGX.

Les sciences de gestion ont recemment eu recours a l’analyse de discours afin de rendre compte des strategies d’entreprises dans le faconnement des regles du jeu dans les industries revisitant ainsi les fondations epistemologiques de la strategie. La production est ainsi consideree comme une activite strategique et une action sur la realite. Cependant peu de travaux ont pris la methodologie de l’analyse de discours au serieux (Fairclough 2005). L’objet de ce travail consiste a montrer que combiner la dimension methodologique et la dimension epistemologique dans l’analyse des strategies discursives est de nature a enrichir notre comprehension de la strategie d’entreprise.

Pour apprehender la fidelite comportementale des acheteurs, les chercheurs l’observent aussi bien dans leurs achats effectifs, que dans les achats qu’ils reconnaissent avoir effectues. La communaute academique considere que la signification des construits de la fidelite comportementale est une et indivisible, et ne depend pas de la nature factuelle ou representationnelle des observables qu’on leur assigne (Watson et al. 2015). Les doutes exprimes a ce sujet, tant en marketing (De Wulf, Odekerken-Schroder et Van Kenhove, 2003 ; Ailawadi et al, 2014) qu’en psychologie (Corral-Verdugo et al., 1994 ; Corral-Verdugo, 1997 ; Schwarz et Oyserman, 2001), nous conduisent a mettre serieusement a l’epreuve ce presuppose intuitif. Les resultats obtenus invitent les chercheurs a revoir la convention d’unicite, qu’ils appliquent sans reserve aux construits de la fidelite comportementale. Ils livrent aussi aux managers d’utiles conseils, pour definir leurs strategies de fidelisation, et gerer leurs relations-clients.

International audience

International audience; In this article we examine the relationship between environmentalstrategy and competitive advantage using natural-resource-based theory. We did a transverse-cut quantitative analysis on a sample of 80 small mezcal (distilled alcoholic beverage made from agave angustifolia haw) businesses in Oaxaca, Mexico. We used structural equations modeling for hypothesis testing; our results reveal a direct and positive relationship between environmental strategy and future positioning, and between environmental strategy and business partnerships. This implies that environmental strategies implemented by the palenquero (the owner or manager of a mezcal business) can generate competitive advantages in future positioning and partnerships, which improve business productivity and help preserve the natural environment.