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Psyrassa ebenina Linsley, 1935 (Fig. 91–94, 97–100) Psyrassa ebenina Linsley 1935a: 143; Blackwelder 1946: 567 (checklist); Franz 1954: 219 (distr.); Chemsak et al. 1980: 29 (distr.); Chemsak et al. 1992: 46 (cat.); Monné 1993: 11 (cat.); Monné and Giesbert 1994: 60 (checklist); Turnbow et al. 2003: 10 (distr.); Monné 2005: 241 (cat.); Toledo 2005: 29; Monné and Hovore 2006: 72 (checklist); Lingafelter et al. 2014: 56 (holotype); Bezark et al. 2019: 121 (distr.); Santos-Silva et al. 2019: 4 (key); Monné 2022: 422 (cat.). Remarks. Psyrassa ebenina was described from El Salvador. Currently, it is also known from Honduras and Guatemala (Suchitepéquez) (Monné 2022; Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2021). Herein, we record it (Fig. 91–94) for Baja Verapaz in Guatemala. Material examined. GUATEMALA, BAJA VERAPAZ (new department record): 3 km S Purulha, 1658 m, montane forest, 15°12.965′N 90°13.142′W, 1 male, 27–30.VI.2012, E. Fuller leg. (WHTC). Specimens examined through photographs: 1 female from Guatemala (Suchitepéquez) (LGBC); 2 males from El Salvador (Ahuachapan) (LGBC); 1 female from El Salvador (San Salvador) (EMEC); 2 specimens from Honduras (RCPC); 3 specimens from El Salvador (RCPC); holotype female from El Salvador (San Salvador) (USNM)., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, The multiform genus Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini): new species, new records, synonyms and transfers, pp. 1-26 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (953) on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7398949, {"references":["Linsley EG. 1935 a. Notes and descriptions of new or little known Neotropical Sphaerionini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Revista de Entomologia 5 (2): 139 - 149.","Blackwelder RE. 1946. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 4. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 185: 551 - 763.","Franz E. 1954. Cerambycidae (Ins., Col.) aus El Salvador. Senckenbergiana 34 (4 - 6): 213 - 229.","Chemsak JA, Linsley EG, Mankins JV. 1980. Records of some Cerambycidae from Honduras (Coleoptera). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 56 (1): 26 - 37.","Chemsak JA, Linsley EG, Noguera FA. 1992. Listados faunisticos de Mexico. II. Los Cerambycidae y Disteniidae de Norteamerica, Centroamerica y las Indias Occidentales (Coleoptera). Universidad Nacional Autonoma; Mexico City. 204 p.","Monne MA. 1993. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Part IV. Subfamily Cerambycinae: Tribe Elaphidionini. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia; Sao Paulo. 129 p.","Monne MA, Giesbert EF. 1994. Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books; Burbank, CA. 409 p.","Turnbow RH, Cave RD, Thomas MC. 2003. A list of Cerambycidae of Honduras, with additions of previously unrecorded species. Ceiba 44 (1): 1 - 43.","Monne MA. 2005. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Zootaxa 946: 1 - 765.","Toledo VH. 2005. Revision taxonomica del genero Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n. s.) 21 (3): 1 - 64.","Monne MA, Hovore FT. 2006. A Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. Bio Quip Publications; Rancho Dominguez, CA. 393 p.","Lingafelter SW, Nearns EH, Tavakilian GL, Monne MA, Biondi M. 2014. Longhorned woodboring beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae and Disteniidae) primary types of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press; Washington DC. 390 p.","Bezark LG, Zack RS, Monzon-Sierra J, Landolt PJ. 2019. Known and new records of Disteniidae and Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from Guatemala. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 95 (3 / 4): 117 - 125.","Santos-Silva A, Nascimento FEL, Drumont A, Kozlov AO. 2019. Descriptions, notes and new records in South American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 59 (e 20195915): 1 - 13.","Monne MA. 2022. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Available at https: // cerambycids. com / catalog / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)","Tavakilian GL, Chevillotte H. 2021. Titan: base de donnees internationales sur les Cerambycidae ou Longicornes. Available at http: // titan. gbif. fr / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)"]}

Psyrassa sonorensis García and Santos-Silva, new species (Fig. 68–73) Description. Holotype male. Head capsule (lighter ventrally), clypeus, and prothorax dark reddish-brown, with some areas darker; mandibles reddish-brown on basal 2/3, black on apical third; labrum dark reddish-brown on anterocentral region, with some areas darkened, and yellowish-brown on margins; ventral mouthparts mostly reddish-brown, except yellowish-brown palpomeres; antennae reddish-brown, gradually lighter toward apex.Elytra dark reddish-brown on basal quarter, reddish-brown on remaining surface, except posterior quarter slightly darker. Apices of mesoventral process orangish-brown. Legs reddish-brown. Abdominal ventrites 1–3 dark brown, except base reddish-brown, apex of ventrites 1–2 reddish-brown, and apex of ventrite 3 yellowish-brown; ventrite 4 dark reddish-brown, except reddish-brown base and yellowish-brown apex; ventrite 5 reddish-brown. Head. Frontal plate narrow, smooth, glabrous; remaining surface of frons coarsely, sparsely punctate, except rugose-punctate area between antennal tubercles and clypeus; punctures on central area with both short and long, decumbent yellowish-white seta; rugose-punctate area with short, decumbent, sparse yellowish-white setae. Area between antennal tubercles and middle of area between upper eye lobes, somewhat coarsely, sparsely punctate, except for smooth center, punctures with short, decumbent yellowish-white seta; remaining surface of vertex coarsely, abundantly punctate, punctures coarser close to prothorax, confluent laterally; part of punctures with short, decumbent yellowish-white seta, and area close to eyes with long, erect setae of same color interspersed. Antennal tubercles somewhat finely, sparsely punctate, except smooth apex; each puncture with short, decumbent yellowish-white seta. Area behind upper eye lobes coarsely, densely punctate, except smooth narrow area close to eye; some punctures with short, decumbent yellowish-white seta. Area behind lower eye lobes almost smooth close to eye, coarsely, abundantly punctate close to prothorax, punctures finer toward ventral surface; with short, sparse yellowish-white setae on punctate area, and both short and long, erect and sparse yellowishwhite setae close to lower region of eye. Genae short, with the anterior margin of lower eye lobe touching distal margin close to clypeus; finely rugose-punctate, except smooth apex, with short, decumbent, sparse yellowishwhite setae, except glabrous smooth area. Maxillary palpomere IV and labial palpomere III securiform. Median groove distinct from frontal plate to area between upper eye lobes. Wide central area of postclypeus coarsely, abundantly punctate; with sparse, decumbent yellowish-white setae, and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae on each side. Sides of postclypeus smooth, glabrous. Apical margin of postclypeus smooth. Posterocentral area of labrum finely, abundantly punctate, and remaining surface smooth; with short, bristly white setae on punctate area, except sides with a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae, and short, suberect, abundant yellowish-brown setae on anterocentral area. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on posterior 2/3, rugose-punctate, with long, erect, abundant yellowish setae on anterior third. Outer side of mandibles coarsely, densely punctate, except smooth apex, with decumbent, somewhat sparse yellowish-white setae and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed on punctate area, glabrous on smooth area. Upper eye lobes with three rows of ommatidia; distance between upper eye lobes 0.41 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.52 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 1.5 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at base of antennomere XI. Scape coarsely, abundantly punctate, except smooth apex (this area widened toward outer side of dorsal surface); some punctures with short, decumbent yellowish-white seta dorsally, laterally, and on basal half of ventral surface; with a few long, erect seta of same color dorsally and laterally, and long, erect seta of same color on posterior half of ventral surface. Pedicel and antennomeres III–XI with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument; pedicel and antennomeres III–X with long, erect pale yellow setae ventrally and apex of dorsal surface, erect setae gradually shorter and sparser toward antennomere X; antennomeres III–VI with distinct longitudinal carina dorsally; inner apex of antennomere III with spine 1.5 times pedicel length, with blunt apex; inner apex of antennomere IV with spine 0.7 times pedicel length, with acute apex; inner apex of antennomere V with spine 0.4 times pedicel length, with acute apex; inner apex of antennomeres VI–VII with spicule, shorter on VII. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III (excluding spine): scape = 0.67; pedicel = 0.29; IV = 0.79; V = 0.91; VI = 0.94; VII = 0.97; VIII = 0.91; IX = 0.85; X = 0.76; XI = 0.88. Thorax. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide; anterior and posterior constrictions well-marked, especially posterior one. Pronotum with four slightly distinct rounded gibbosities, one on each side of anterior and posterior thirds, another more distinct, elongated, located centrally on posterior half; coarsely, somewhat abundant punctate, except smooth central gibbosity and almost smooth on apex of posterolateral gibbosities; punctures with three types of erect yellowish setae, minute, short, or long, but a few punctures lacking seta. Sides of prothorax coarsely, abundantly punctate on wide central area, striate on posterior quarter, and striate-punctate on anterior quarter; with long, erect, abundant yellowish setae. Prosternum coarsely, slightly rugose on posterior 2/3, transversely striate-punctate close to anterior margin, and transversely striate, with a few punctures interspersed between the former two areas; posterior 2/3 with abundant grayish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, and long, erect yellowish setae interspersed; area close to anterior margin with bristly, both short and long yellowish-white setae, yellower laterally, and remaining anterior third almost glabrous. Prosternal process with grayish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly yellower toward apex; narrowest area 0.23 times procoxal width. Procoxal cavities distinctly opened posteriorly (Fig. 71). Mesoventrite, mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, metanepisternum, and sides of metaventrite and areas close to meso- and metacoxae with abundant grayish-white pubescence, partially obscuring integument on some areas, except glabrous area of mesanepisternum close to metaventrite; remaining surface of metaventrite with long, erect pale yellow setae, except glabrous area close to metathoracic discrimen; metaventrite coarsely, somewhat abundant punctate, except smooth area close to metathoracic discrimen. Scutellum with abundant yellowish-white pubescence. Elytra. Coarsely, abundantly punctate on anterior third, punctures gradually finer, sparser toward apex, especially on posterior quarter; some punctures with short or minute yellowish seta, and others with long, erect yellowish seta; elytral apex slightly obliquely truncate, with outer angle rounded, and sutural angle roundly projected. Legs. Femora coarsely rugose-punctate, especially toward apex, more transversely striate on inner lateral surface of profemora; with somewhat abundant yellowish setae, mostly short and decumbent basally, and long, erect on remaining surface; inner and outer apex of meso- and metafemora with rounded projection. Tibiae with abundant, long, erect yellow setae, sparser on basal third of protibia, and denser, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence on ventral surface of protibiae and posterior third of meso- and metatibiae. Metatarsomere I slightly shorter than II–III together. Abdomen. Ventrites somewhat finely, abundantly punctate; sides of ventrites 1–4 with dense grayish-white pubescence, gradually narrowed from base to apex, and remaining surface with sparse grayish-white pubescence and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed, except glabrous apex; ventrite 5 with abundant grayish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed, especially on posterior third. Apex of ventrite 5 widely emarginate centrally. Variation. Antennomere VII without spicule in one paratype; elytral apex straightly truncate; elytral sutural apex subacute. Dimensions in mm (holotype male/ paratypes male). Total length, 12.80/11.60–12.30; prothoracic length, 2.30/2.15–2.30; anterior prothoracic width, 1.60/1.40–1.60; posterior prothoracic width, 1.55/1.45–1.60; maximum prothoracic width, 1.85/1.65–1.80; humeral width, 2.45/2.30–2.50; elytral length, 8.65/7.95–8.35. Type material. Holotype male from MEXICO, SONORA: San Javier, 4.VII.2008, F.W. Skillman, O’Brien and Ribardo leg. (FSCA, formerly FWSC). Paratypes – 3 males, same data as holotype (2, FWSC; 1, MZSP, formerly FWSC). Etymology. The specific epithet “ sonorensis ” comes from the state of the type locality “ Sonora ” in Mexico. Remarks. Psyrassa sonorensis new species can be included in the alternative of couplet “17” from Toledo (2005). It differs from males of P.katsurae Chemsak and Noguera, 1995 (see photographs of the holotype on Bezark 2022) especially by the distance between lower eye lobes distinctly larger, in ventral view (Fig. 69), larger than half of the distance between outer margins of the eyes (distinctly shorter than half in males of P. katsurae); and from P. nigroaenea Bates, 1892 (see photograph on Bezark 2022; Fig. 65–67) it differs by the tibiae not contrasting in color with the femora (contrasting in P. nigroaenea), basal antennomeres reddish (dark brow to black in P. nigroaenea), and antennomere V with apical spine (Fig. 73) (absent in P. nigroaenea (Fig. 67))., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, The multiform genus Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini): new species, new records, synonyms and transfers, pp. 1-26 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (953) on pages 8-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7398949, {"references":["Toledo VH. 2005. Revision taxonomica del genero Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n. s.) 21 (3): 1 - 64.","Chemsak JA, Noguera FA. 1995. Annotated checklist of the Cerambycidae of the Estacion de Biologia Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico (Coleoptera), with descriptions of a new genera and species. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 89: 55 - 102.","Bezark LG. 2022. A Photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World. New World Cerambycidae Catalog. Available at http: // bezbycids. com / byciddb / wdefault. asp? w = n / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)"]}

Psyrassa wappesi García and Santos-Silva, new species (Fig. 58–64) Description. Holotype male. Head capsule, mandibles and prothorax black; posterocentral region of ventral surface of head brown; anteclypeus dark brown close to postclypeus, brownish on wide area close to labrum; labrum testaceous laterally, black centrally close to anteclypeus, reddish-brown anterocentrally; ventral mouthparts brown with dark brown areas interspersed posteriorly, yellowish-brown anteriorly, except palpi reddish with yellowish apex; antennae black basally, gradually light reddish-brown toward apex. Ventral surface of meso-and metathorax dark brown with blackish margins, and brown posterior area of mesoventrite and central area of metaventrite. Elytra mostly black, with sutural and epipleural regions more dark reddish-brown. Femora reddishbrown, except darker apical sides, base of mesofemora dark brown, and peduncle of metafemora dark brown basally, gradually reddish-brown toward club; tibiae blackish on basal half, gradually reddish-brown toward apex; tarsi mostly brown, darker on pro- and mesotarsi. Ventral surface of abdomen mostly dark reddish-brown with irregular blackish areas interspersed. Head. Frontal plate smooth, glabrous; remaining surface of frons nearly smooth centrally, coarsely punctate laterally; nearly all punctures with a short white seta. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes finely, sparsely punctate, each puncture with a short whitish seta, and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae close to eyes; dorsal area close to prothorax coarsely, abundantly punctate, punctures mostly transverse, with a few short yellowish-white seta. Antennal tubercles smooth, glabrous frontally and on apex, finely, sparsely punctate on remaining surface; each puncture with short white seta. Area behind eyes smooth on narrow area close to eye, coarsely, densely punctate on remaining surface behind upper eye lobe, transversely striate behind lower eye lobes, with a few fine punctures interspersed; area behind upper eye lobes with sparse, short, decumbent yellowish-brown setae, and a few long, erect setae of same color interspersed close to eye; area behind lower eye lobes glabrous, except a few short yellowish-white setae inferiorly. Genae short, with the anterior margin of lower eye lobe almost touching distal margin at middle; finely, sparsely punctate, with a few short, decumbent yellowishwhite setae, except smooth and glabrous apex. Maxillary palpomere IV and labial palpomere III securiform. Median groove distinct from clypeus to area between upper eye lobes. Wide central area of postclypeus coarsely, abundantly, shallowly punctate; with short, decumbent white setae, and one long, erect yellowish-brown seta on each side. Sides of postclypeus smooth, glabrous. Labrum finely, densely punctate on central area of posterior and anterior thirds, smooth on remaining surface; posterior punctate area with short white setae not obscuring integument, and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae laterally; anterior punctate area with abundant, somewhat long, bristly yellowish-brown setae; remaining surface glabrous. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on posterior third, somewhat transversely striate, glabrous on central third, transversely striate punctate, with sparse, both white and short, long and erect brownish setae on anterior third. Outer side of mandibles coarsely, densely punctate, except smooth apex, with decumbent, sparse yellowish-white setae and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed on punctate area, glabrous on smooth area. Upper eye lobes with four rows of ommatidia (three only at apex); distance between upper eye lobes 0.38 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.51 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 1.6 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at posterior quarter of antennomere X. Scape coarsely, abundantly punctate, except smooth apex of dorsal surface and upper region of the outer margin (this area projected toward anterior third laterally); nearly all punctures with short yellowish seta, and a few punctures with long, erect seta of the same color (erect setae more abundant ventrally). Pedicel and antennomeres III–XI with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, denser from IV; pedicel and antennomeres III–VII with long, erect, sparse yellow setae ventrally, gradually sparser toward VII; apex of antennomeres III–X with long, erect, sparse setae on dorsal apex; antennomere III weakly longitudinally carinate dorsally; antennomere IV weakly longitudinally carinate dorsally; remaining antennomeres not carinate dorsally; inner apex of antennomere III with spine 1.5 times pedicel length, with acute apex; inner apex of antennomere IV with spine distinctly shorter than pedicel, with acute apex; inner apex of antennomeres V–VI with spicule (shorter on VI). Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III (excluding spine): scape = 0.89; pedicel = 0.24; IV = 0.97; V = 1.13; VI = 1.16; VII = 1.21; VIII = 1.16; IX = 1.16; X = 1.03; XI = 1.21. Thorax. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide; anterior and posterior constrictions well-marked. Pronotum with three gibbosities, one on each side of anterior third, another less distinct, located centrally from after middle to near posterior constriction; punctation coarse and sparse, however absent centrally from apex of anterior third to apex of central gibbosity, and almost absent on anterolateral gibbosities; some punctures with minute white seta, and others with long, erect yellowish seta. Sides of prothorax coarsely, abundantly punctate on wide central area, obliquely striate-punctate on posterior quarter, and partially transversely striate on anterior quarter; with long, erect, somewhat abundant yellowish-brown setae on wide central area, almost absent on anterior and posterior quarters. Prosternum rugose, finely, abundant punctate on posterior half, transversely striate on anterior half, less so on center of this area; posterior half with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, forming irregular U-shaped band, and long, erect yellowish setae interspersed; remaining surface with a few short white setae, and a few long, erect yellowish setae laterally. Prosternal process with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument; narrowest area 0.25 times procoxal width. Procoxal cavities distinctly opened posteriorly. Mesoventrite with very sparse whitish pubescence centrally, dense laterally. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, metanepisternum, and sides of metaventrite with dense whitish pubescence partially obscuring integument; wide central area of metaventrite coarsely, sparsely punctate, except smooth area close to metathoracic discrimen, and long, erect yellowish seta on nearly all puncture. Scutellum with dense white pubescence. Elytra. Coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal half, punctures gradually finer, sparser toward apex on posterior half; distance between punctures on anterior half distinctly larger than diameter of a puncture, often more than three times; some punctures with long, erect yellow setae, and some punctures with minute yellowishwhite seta (more abundant on posterior third); apex widely concave, with outer and sutural angles triangularly projected (projection shorter on sutural angle). Legs. Femora finely, sparsely punctate on basal third, coarsely, abundantly punctate on remaining surface, punctures coarser and confluent on posterior third, especially on meso- and metafemora; with long, suberect yellow setae, more abundant on posterior 2/3 of meso- and metafemora, and yellowish-white decumbent setae interspersed, especially on basal third and ventral surface. Tibiae carinate, with abundant, long, erect yellow setae, sparser on basal third of protibiae, and denser, bristly yellow pubescence on ventral surface of posterior third. Metatarsomere I shorter than II–III together. Abdomen. Ventrites finely, somewhat abundant punctate; sides with dense grayish-white pubescence, sparsely projected toward central region from ventrite 2, and long, erect yellow setae on wide central region. Apex of ventrite 5 widely emarginate centrally. Dimensions in mm (holotype male). Total length, 16.35; prothoracic length, 3.00; anterior prothoracic width, 2.00; posterior prothoracic width, 2.10; maximum prothoracic width, 2.45; humeral width, 3.00; elytral length, 11.20. Type material. Holotype male from MEXICO, MICHOACÁN: Hwy MX37, 98 km S Nueva Italia, 13.VII.2006, F.W. Skillman and D.C. Hildebrandt leg. (FSCA, formerly FWSC). Etymology. The specific epithet “ wappesi ” is in honor to the late James Wappes, who sent a great number of specimens used in this study. Remarks. According to Toledo’s key to species (2005), Psyrassa wappesi new species, could follow both options of couplet “18”, since the genal length is between the two lengths mentioned: equal or smaller than 1⁄5; or about 2/3. If the first option is followed, P. wappesi new species could be included in the alternative of couplet “19” and compared to P. ebenina Linsley, 1935 (see photograph on Bezark 2022); P. wappesi new species differs from this species especially by the slender body (stouter in P. ebenina), elytral punctures and setae sparser (denser in P. ebenina), and absence of abundant decumbent elytral setae (present in P. ebenina). If the second option of the alternative of couplet “18” was followed, the new species can be compared to P. oaxacae Toledo, 2002, from which it differs noticeable by the slender body (stouter in P. oaxacae), and prothorax without distinct basal constriction (present in P. oaxacae). Psyrassa wappesi new species also resembles P. nigroaenea Bates, 1892 (see photograph of the holotype on Bezark 2022; Fig. 65–67), but differs by the sparser elytral punctures (denser in P. nigroaenea), and only the antennomere III distinctly carinate dorsally (antennomeres III–VII dorsally carinate in P. nigroaenea). As we already discussed, there is variation in the shape of the apex of the spine of antennomere III. If it was considered as not acute, P. wappesi new species could be included in the alternative of couplet “15” from Toledo (2005), and compared to P. cylindricollis Linsley, 1935, and P. brevicornis Linsley, 1934. It differs from both especially by the scape not contrasting in color with the basal flagellomeres (distinctly contrasting in P. cylindricollis (e.g. Fig. 30) and P. brevicornis)., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, The multiform genus Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini): new species, new records, synonyms and transfers, pp. 1-26 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (953) on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7398949, {"references":["Bezark LG. 2022. A Photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World. New World Cerambycidae Catalog. Available at http: // bezbycids. com / byciddb / wdefault. asp? w = n / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)","Toledo VH. 2005. Revision taxonomica del genero Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n. s.) 21 (3): 1 - 64."]}

Psyrassa obscuriventris García and Santos-Silva, new species (Fig. 74–82) Description. Holotype female (Fig. 74–80). Head capsule dark reddish-brown, except gradually yellowish-brown posterior half of gulamentum, and partially dark brown apex of antennal tubercles; mandibles reddish-brown on posterior 2/3, except dark brown lower margin, and black on anterior third; scape orangish brown; pedicel and antennomere III blackish; antennomeres IV–V mostly blackish with irregular dark reddish-brown areas; antennomeres VI–XI dark reddish-brown, with some irregular areas blackish; ventral mouthparts light reddish-brown, except maxillary palpomeres I–III and labial palpomeres yellowish-brown, and maxillary palpomere IV mostly dark brown. Prothorax and ventral surface of meso- and metathorax reddish-brown, except orangish brown apex of prosternal process. Elytra dark reddish-brown, with some irregular areas darkened. Coxae, trochanters, and femora orangish brown; tibiae blackish on basal half, gradually dark reddish-brown on remaining surface; tarsi mostly brown. Abdominal ventrites 1–3 mostly black, posterior area with pale transverse band close to dark reddish-brown apex, posterocentral region of ventrites 1–2 dark reddish-brown, and central region of ventrite 3 mostly dark reddish-brown; ventrites 4–5 mostly dark reddish-brown, with irregular blackish areas interspersed, except pale apex of ventrite 4. Head. Frontal plate smooth, glabrous; remaining surface of frons coarsely, somewhat abundantly punctate, except denser, confluently punctate area between antennal tubercles and clypeus; with short, bristly, sparse yellowish-white setae on wide central area, more abundant between antennal tubercles and clypeus. Vertex coarsely, abundantly punctate; with short, decumbent, sparse yellowish-white setae and long, erect setae of same color interspersed. Antennal tubercles coarsely, somewhat abundantly punctate, except smooth apex; punctate area with sparse, decumbent yellowish-white setae, glabrous on smooth area. Area behind upper eye lobes coarsely, shallowly, abundantly punctate; setae as on vertex.Area behind lower eye lobes smooth close to eye, except rugosepunctate area close to lower margin, coarsely striate punctate on remaining surface; glabrous, except sparse long, erect yellowish setae close to lower margin of eye. Genae short, with the lower eye lobe almost reaching the clypeus; finely, somewhat abundantly punctate, except smooth apex; with sparse, decumbent yellowish-white setae on punctate area, glabrous on smooth area. Maxillary palpomere IV and labial palpomere III securiform. Median groove distinct from frontal plate to area between antennal tubercles. Wide central area of postclypeus rugosepunctate, with bristly yellowish-white setae not obscuring integument, a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed laterally, and one very long, erect yellowish-brown seta on each side. Sides of postclypeus smooth, glabrous. Posterocentral area of labrum finely, abundantly punctate, and remaining surface smooth; with short, bristly yellowish-white setae not obscuring integument on punctate area, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae laterally, and fringe of short yellowish-brown setae anteriorly. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous posteriorly, with sparse, coarse and shallow punctures laterally; coarsely striate-punctate anteriorly, with long, erect, somewhat sparse yellowish setae between eyes. Outer side of mandibles coarsely, densely punctate, except smooth apex, with decumbent, somewhat abundant yellowish-white setae and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed on punctate area, glabrous on smooth area. Upper eye lobes with three rows of ommatidia; distance between upper eye lobes 0.39 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.52 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 1.3 times elytral length, almost reaching elytral apex. Scape coarsely, somewhat rugose-punctate, except smooth apex (this area widened toward outer side of dorsal surface); with short, decumbent, sparse pale yellow setae dorsally and laterally, with a few long, erect setae of same color interspersed, except glabrous smooth area, and long, erect pale yellow setae ventrally. Pedicel and antennomeres III–XI with decumbent pale yellow setae not obscuring integument, gradually denser toward antennomere XI; antennomeres III–X with long, erect pale yellow setae ventrally, gradually sparser toward X, and somewhat long erect pale yellow setae on dorsal apex; antennomere III slightly carinate dorsally; antennomeres IV–V slightly distinctly carinate on basal third of dorsal surface; inner apex of antennomere III with spine about twice pedicel length, with distinct blunt apex; inner apex of antennomere IV 0.9 times pedicel length, with acute apex; inner apex of antennomere V with spicule. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III (excluding spine): scape = 0.75; pedicel = 0.18; IV = 0.81; V = 0.90; VI = 0.87; VII = 0.87; VIII = 0.81; IX = 0.78; X = 0.68; XI = 0.87. Thorax. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide; anterior and posterior constrictions well-marked, especially anterior one. Pronotum with one slightly distinct gibbosity on each side of anterior and posterior quarters; coarsely, somewhat abundantly punctate except smooth longitudinal area centrally on posterior half (not reaching posterior margin), and posterior fifth with abundant fine punctures; punctures with three types of erect yellowish setae, minute, short, or long, but a few punctures lacking seta. Sides of prothorax coarsely, abundantly punctate on wide central area, obliquely striate on posterior region, obliquely striate-punctate on anterior region, these two last regions gradually widened toward ventral surface; with both, short and long, erect pale yellow setae, distinctly more abundant on wide central region. Prosternum coarsely rugose-punctate on posterior 2/3, transversely striate with a few coarse punctures interspersed on anterior third; posterior 2/3 with abundant grayish-white decumbent pubescence not obscuring integument, and long, erect yellowish setae interspersed; anterior third with sparse, bristly, both short and long yellowish setae. Prosternal process with abundant grayish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; narrowest area 0.17 times procoxal width. Procoxal cavities distinctly opened posteriorly (Fig. 78). Ventral surface of mesothorax with grayish-white pubescence, sparse on center, denser laterally. Metanepisternum, and sides and areas close to meso- and metacoxae of metaventrite with abundant grayishwhite pubescence partially obscuring integument; remaining surface of metaventrite with long, erect yellowish setae, except glabrous central area; metaventrite coarsely, somewhat sparsely punctate, except smooth area close to metathoracic discrimen. Scutellum with dense white pubescence. Elytra. Coarsely, abundantly punctate, punctures slightly finer and sparser on posterior quarter; punctures with short, bristly pale yellow seta, except a few punctures with long, erect seta of same color; apex obliquely concave, with outer and sutural angles projected. Legs. Femora coarsely rugose-punctate, especially toward apex; with short, decumbent, sparse yellowishwhite pubescence on basal third, and long, erect pale yellow setae throughout, more abundant ventrally and posterior 2/3 of dorsal and lateral surfaces; inner and outer apex of meso- and metafemora with rounded projection. Tibiae with abundant, long, erect yellow setae, sparser on basal third of protibiae, and denser, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence on ventral surface of protibiae and posterior third of meso- and metatibiae. Metatarsomere I about as long as II–III together. Abdomen. Ventrites 1–4 coarsely, sparsely punctate; ventrite 5 finely, sparsely punctate; ventrites with abundant grayish-white pubescence laterally, partially obscuring integument; with both, short and long, sparse yellowish setae on wide central area, except glabrous apex; apex of ventrite 5 rounded. Variation. Maxillary palpomere IV yellowish-brown; scape dark reddish-brown, but lighter than head capsule; pedicel and antennomeres III–VI black; elytra blackish basally; sides of ventral surface of meso- and metathorax dark brown; coxae, trochanters, and femora reddish-brown; tibiae black; abdominal ventrites mostly blackish; antennae surpassing elytral apex at base of antennomere XI; elytral apex concave but not oblique. Dimensions in mm (holotype female/ paratype female). Total length, 13.10/11.00; prothoracic length, 2.20/1.90; anterior prothoracic width, 1.60/1.30; posterior prothoracic width, 1.55/1.30; maximum prothoracic width, 1.80/1.55; humeral width, 2.35/2.00; elytral length, 9.25/7.80. Type material. Holotype male from MEXICO, JALISCO: MX80, 7 km N Autlán on road to Microondas de San Francisco, 19.VII.2006, Skillman and Hildebrandt leg. (FSCA, formerly FWSC). Paratype female, same data as holotype, except 27.VII.2011, Skillman and Turnbow leg. (FWSC). Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the Latin “obscurus” (dark) + “venter” (belly), referring to the dark abdominal ventrites of the species, which contrasts with the rest of the integument coloration. Remarks. Psyrassa obscuriventris new species can be included in the alternative of couplet “15” from Toledo (2005), with P. brevicornis and P. cylindricollis. It differs from P. brevicornis (see photograph on Bezark 2022) by the antennae surpassing the elytral apex in females (not reaching in females of P. brevicornis), and body distinctly slender (stouter in females of P. brevicornis). The new species differs from P. cylindricollis (Fig. 19–57) by the elytra four times the prothoracic length or slightly longer (at most, 3.5 times in P. cylindricollis), pronotal sculpturing denser (Fig. 74, 82) (sparser in P. cylindricollis (e.g. Fig. 19, 26, 29, 30)), and sculpturing on sides of the prothorax distinctly denser (Fig. 78) (sparser in P. cylindricollis (Fig. 32)). The general appearance resembles that of P. basicornis Pascoe, 1866 (see photographs on Bezark 2022), but differs by the spine of the antennomere III distinctly blunt apically (acute in P. basicornis), and elytra at least four times longer than prothorax (at most slightly longer than three times in P. basicornis)., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, The multiform genus Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini): new species, new records, synonyms and transfers, pp. 1-26 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (953) on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7398949, {"references":["Toledo VH. 2005. Revision taxonomica del genero Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n. s.) 21 (3): 1 - 64.","Bezark LG. 2022. A Photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World. New World Cerambycidae Catalog. Available at http: // bezbycids. com / byciddb / wdefault. asp? w = n / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)"]}

Aneflomorpha sinaloae (Linsley, 1935), new combination (Fig. 8–12) Psyrassa sinaloae Linsley 1935a: 145; Blackwelder 1946: 567 (checklist); Franz 1954: 219 (distr.); Chemsak et al. 1992: 47 (cat.); Monné 1993: 12 (cat.); Monné and Giesbert 1994: 61 (checklist); Noguera and Chemsak 1996: 399 (checklist); Monné 2005: 242 (cat.); Toledo 2005: 48; Monné and Hovore 2006: 72 (checklist); Monné 2022: 425 (cat.). Aneflomorpha martini Chemsak and Linsley 1968: 32; Ruette 1970: 18 (type); Chemsak et al. 1992: 37 (checklist); Monné 1993: 29 (cat.); Monné and Giesbert 1994: 48 (checklist); Noguera and Chemsak 1996: 398 (checklist.); Noguera et al. 2002: 623 (distr.); Monné 2005: 184 (cat.); Monné and Hovore 2006: 60 (checklist); Monné 2022: 322 (cat.). New synonym. Remarks. Psyrassa sinaloae Linsley, 1935 and Aneflomorpha martini Chemsak and Linsley, 1968 (see photographs on Bezark 2022) were described from Sinaloa (Mexico). Comparing photographs of the holotypes as well as original descriptions and redescription of the former, we conclude that they are the same species. Therefore, they are synonymized herein. The differences between Psyrassa Pascoe, 1866 and Aneflomorpha Casey, 1912 are questionable. Linsley (1961) separated these two genera in his key as follows: “Pronotum polished, glabrous, sparsely punctate,” leading to Psyrassa; “Pronotum densely punctate or pubescent, or punctate with smooth spaces or polished dorsal callosities,” leading to Aneflomorpha. However, the sculpturing of the pronotum in Psyrassa is very variable, and may be identical to that in species of Aneflomorpha, sometimes with distinct smooth area; the pubescence on the pronotum may or may not be present in Psyrassa, although when present, always sparse or restricted to the posterior region. According to Lingafelter (1998): “ Aneflomorpha strongly resembles Psyrassa; indeed, the two genera share many characters … Both of these genera are speciose and probably are polyphyletic; each containing some taxa that should belong in the other … The lack of a strong pronotal constriction, more heavily punctate and pubescent pronotum, general openness of the procoxal cavities posteriorly, and longer third antennomere in Aneflomorpha distinguish it from Psyrassa ”. We agree that these two genera appear to be polyphyletic and that there are species of Psyrassa in Aneflomorpha as well as vice versa. However, the shape of the procoxal cavities posteriorly and the length of the antennomere III cannot be used to separate them. This is because these features are very variable in Psyrassa. Furthermore, the prothorax may or may not be strongly constricted in Psyrassa. For now, the only reliable difference between Psyrassa and Aneflomorpha is decumbent pubescence on the pronotum and elytra, sparser or absent in the former, abundant in the latter (Fig. 8, 12). Based on the pronotal and elytral pubescence in Psyrassa sinaloae, it is transferred to Aneflomorpha. Currently, it is known from Mexico (Sinaloa, Morelos, Michoacán, Jalisco) (Monné 2022; Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2021). Material examined. MEXICO, MICHOACÁN: Hwy MX 37, 98 km S Nueva Italia, 1 female, 13.VII.2006, F. Skillman and D.C. Hildebrant leg. (MZSP, formerly FWSC); 2 females, 15.VII.2006, F. Skillman and D.C. Hildebrant leg. (FWSC). JALISCO: 7 km N Autlán de Navarro, rd. to Microondas de San Francisco, 19.83506N 104.34757W, 1 female, F. Skillman and J.F. Limon leg. (FWSC).

Psyrassa atkinsoni (Chemsak and Giesbert, 1986), new combination (Fig. 13–14) Megapsyrassa atkinsoni Chemsak and Giesbert 1986: 31; Chemsak et al. 1992: 44 (cat.); Monné 1993: 15 (cat.); Monné and Giesbert 1994: 55 (checklist); Chemsak and Noguera 1995: 59 (distr.); Noguera and Chemsak 1996: 398 (checklist); Monné 2005: 219 (cat.); Monné and Hovore 2006: 68 (checklist); Audureau 2008: 7 (distr.); Swift et al. 2010: 17 (distr.); Maes et al. 2010: 207 (distr.; part); Zaragoza-Caballero and Pérez-Hernández 2017: 35 (holotype). Remarks. The figures on page 212 from Maes et al. (2010) do not correspond to P. atkinsoni. In fact, the two figures at the top of the page do not even belong to Psyrassa. Psyrassa atkinsoni was described from Mexico (Jalisco, Chiapas) and Costa Rica. Currently, it is also known from Nicaragua (Monné 2022; Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2021). Material examined. GUATEMALA (new country record), ZACAPA: Quarry road to San Lorenzo, Sierra Las Minas, 15°04′N 89°67′W, 555 m, 1 female, 29.V.2019, Wappes, Monzón and Skillman leg. (FSCA, formerly ACMT)., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, The multiform genus Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini): new species, new records, synonyms and transfers, pp. 1-26 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (953) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7398949, {"references":["Chemsak JA, Giesbert EF. 1986. New species of Cerambycidae from the Estacion de Biologia de Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico (Coleoptera). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 69: 19 - 39.","Chemsak JA, Linsley EG, Noguera FA. 1992. Listados faunisticos de Mexico. II. Los Cerambycidae y Disteniidae de Norteamerica, Centroamerica y las Indias Occidentales (Coleoptera). Universidad Nacional Autonoma; Mexico City. 204 p.","Monne MA. 1993. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Part IV. Subfamily Cerambycinae: Tribe Elaphidionini. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia; Sao Paulo. 129 p.","Monne MA, Giesbert EF. 1994. Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books; Burbank, CA. 409 p.","Chemsak JA, Noguera FA. 1995. Annotated checklist of the Cerambycidae of the Estacion de Biologia Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico (Coleoptera), with descriptions of a new genera and species. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 89: 55 - 102.","Noguera FA, Chemsak JA. 1996. Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). p. 381 - 409. In: Llorente Bousquets JE (ed.). Biodiversidad taxonomia, y biogeografia de artropodos de Mexico: Hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento. Volumen I. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico City. 660 p.","Monne MA. 2005. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Zootaxa 946: 1 - 765.","Monne MA, Hovore FT. 2006. A Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. Bio Quip Publications; Rancho Dominguez, CA. 393 p.","Audureau A. 2008. Contribution a la connaisance des Cerambycidae de la reserve privee forestiere de Domitila (Nicaragua). Lambillionea (supplement) 108 (3): 3 - 21.","Swift I, Bezark LG, Nearns EH, Solis A, Hovore FT. 2010. Checklist of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Costa Rica. Insecta Mundi 131: 1 - 68.","Maes J-M, Berghe E, Dauber D, Audureau A, Nearns E, Skillman F, Heffern D, Monne MA. 2010. Catalogo ilustrado de los Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) de Nicaragua. Parte II - Cerambycinae. Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia 70 (Suplemento 1 - 2): 1 - 640.","Monne MA. 2022. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Available at https: // cerambycids. com / catalog / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)","Tavakilian GL, Chevillotte H. 2021. Titan: base de donnees internationales sur les Cerambycidae ou Longicornes. Available at http: // titan. gbif. fr / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)"]}

Psyrassa cylindricollis Linsley, 1935 (Fig. 19–57) Psyrassa cylindricollis Linsley 1935a: 144; Franz 1954: 219 (distr.); Chemsak et al. 1988: 292 (distr.); Chemsak et al. 1992: 46 (checklist); Monné 1993: 11 (cat.); Monné and Giesbert 1994: 60 (checklist); Chemsak and Noguera 1995: 59 (distr.); Noguera and Chemsak 1996: 399 (checklist); Monné 2005: 240 (cat.); Toledo 2005: 27; Monné and Hovore 2006: 72 (checklist); Monné 2022: 422 (cat.). Remarks. Linsley (1935a) described P. cylindricollis based on a pair from Mexico (Sinaloa). Franz (1954) recorded this species from El Salvador; Chemsak et al. (1988) recorded the Mexican state of Jalisco; and Toledo (2005) included the Mexican states of Colima and Sonora. Although Toledo (2005) included Franz (1954) in the P. cylindricollis references, he only listed the species from Mexico. We examined 11 specimens from the Mexican states of Michoacán and Jalisco. At first glance, there are apparently at least two species in this batch of specimens. However, a further examination revealed that they belong to a single, variable species. Specimens at the extremes appear to be distinctly different, but there are specimens linking these extremes. Notwithstanding, the general appearance, shape of the prothorax (not length), color of the antennae, head, prothorax, and legs (varying only in tone), sculpturing of the prothorax, gulamentum, elytra, and ventral surface of the thorax, are very constant. Consequently, the only possible conclusion is that there is dramatic intraspecific variation. The most remarkable variations observed were: 1. Proportion between length of prothorax and elytra: elytra from 3.30 to 3.85 times prothoracic length (e.g. Fig. 19, 45); 2. Length of the spine of the antennomere III (e.g. Fig. 19, 23, 28, 33, 40, 46–57): from about as long as pedicel to slightly longer than twice pedicel length; 3. Apex of the spine of the antennomere III: from acute to distinctly blunt (e.g. Fig. 46–57); 4. Spine on the apex of the antennomere IV from 0.37 to 0.75 times pedicel length; 5. Antennomere V with spicule on the apex or with spine 0.5 times pedicel length; 6. Antennomere VI without spine or spicule or with spicule (e.g. Fig. 28); 7. Antennae in male from distinctly long, surpassing elytral apex about middle of antennomere IX, to shorter, surpassing elytral apex about base of antennomere XI; 8. Antennae in female from not reaching elytral apex to surpassing elytral apex; 9. Head, scape, and prothorax from light reddish-brown to dark reddish-brown (sometimes yellowish-brown); 10. Femora from orangish brown to dark reddish-brown; 11. Elytra from bluish-black to reddish-brown (often, with both colors irregularly distributed); 12. Metaventrite and abdominal ventrites from reddish-brown to blackish; 13. Sutural projection of the elytral apex from blunt to acute. Material examined. MEXICO, MICHOACÁN (new state record): Hwy MX37, 98 km S Nueva Italia, 2 males, 2 females, 15.VII.2006, F.W. Skillman and D.C. Hildebrandt leg. (FWSC; 1 male MZSP, formerly FWSC). JALISCO: José Maria Morelos, km 5, Carr 200, 174 ft., 1 male, 1 female, 29.VI-3.VII.2004, J.F. Limón leg. (FWSC); 19.2387N 104.70944W, jct. MX200 and MX80, @ Pemex, 1 male, 5.VII.2018, Skillman and Limón leg. (MZSP, formerly FWSC); 2 km WNW Manzanilla, 19.29835N 104.77167W, 1 male, 1 female, 6.VII.2018, Skillman and Limón leg. (FWSC); MX200, 21 km N Melaque, 1 male, 1 female, 6.VII.2006, Skillman and Hildebrandt leg. (FWSC). SINALOA: Mazatlan, 2 females, 22.VII.1954, no collector indicated (MZSP); 5 mi. N Mazatlan, 1 female, 28.VII.1964, no collector indicated (MZSP); 4 mi. S Villa Union, 1 male, 23.VI.1963, no collector indicated (MZSP)., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, The multiform genus Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini): new species, new records, synonyms and transfers, pp. 1-26 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (953) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7398949, {"references":["Linsley EG. 1935 a. Notes and descriptions of new or little known Neotropical Sphaerionini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Revista de Entomologia 5 (2): 139 - 149.","Franz E. 1954. Cerambycidae (Ins., Col.) aus El Salvador. Senckenbergiana 34 (4 - 6): 213 - 229.","Chemsak JA, Linsley EG, Hovore FT. 1988. A concentration site for Cerambycidae in Jalisco, Mexico (Coleoptera). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 64 (3): 291 - 295.","Chemsak JA, Linsley EG, Noguera FA. 1992. Listados faunisticos de Mexico. II. Los Cerambycidae y Disteniidae de Norteamerica, Centroamerica y las Indias Occidentales (Coleoptera). Universidad Nacional Autonoma; Mexico City. 204 p.","Monne MA. 1993. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Part IV. Subfamily Cerambycinae: Tribe Elaphidionini. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia; Sao Paulo. 129 p.","Monne MA, Giesbert EF. 1994. Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books; Burbank, CA. 409 p.","Chemsak JA, Noguera FA. 1995. Annotated checklist of the Cerambycidae of the Estacion de Biologia Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico (Coleoptera), with descriptions of a new genera and species. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 89: 55 - 102.","Noguera FA, Chemsak JA. 1996. Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). p. 381 - 409. In: Llorente Bousquets JE (ed.). Biodiversidad taxonomia, y biogeografia de artropodos de Mexico: Hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento. Volumen I. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico City. 660 p.","Monne MA. 2005. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Zootaxa 946: 1 - 765.","Toledo VH. 2005. Revision taxonomica del genero Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n. s.) 21 (3): 1 - 64.","Monne MA, Hovore FT. 2006. A Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. Bio Quip Publications; Rancho Dominguez, CA. 393 p.","Monne MA. 2022. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Available at https: // cerambycids. com / catalog / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)"]}

Psyrassa nigripes Linsley, 1935 (Fig. 15) Psyrassa nigripes Linsley 1935b: 78; Blackwelder 1946: 567 (checklist); Chemsak et al. 1992: 47 (cat.); Monné 1993: 11 (cat.); Monné and Giesbert 1994: 61 (checklist); Noguera and Chemsak 1996: 399 (checklist); Monné 2005: 241 (cat.); Toledo 2005: 38; Monné and Hovore 2006: 72 (checklist); Monné 2022: 423 (cat.). Remarks. Psyrassa nigripes was described and previously recorded only from the Mexican state of Mexico (Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2021; Monné 2022). Material examined. MEXICO, JALISCO (new state record): jct. MX200 and MX80, @ Pemex, 1 female, 6.VII.2018, Skillman and Limón leg. (FWSC); MX200, Los Angeles Locos sign, 19.32000N 104.82654W, 1 male, 6.VII.2018, Skillman and Limón leg. (FWSC); MX200, 21 km N Melaque, Los Angeles Locos sign, 1 female, Skillman and Hildebrandt leg. (MZSP, formerly FWSC). New Species Descriptions, Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, The multiform genus Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini): new species, new records, synonyms and transfers, pp. 1-26 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (953) on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7398949, {"references":["Linsley EG. 1935 b. Studies in the Longicornia of Mexico (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 61: 67 - 102.","Blackwelder RE. 1946. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 4. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 185: 551 - 763.","Chemsak JA, Linsley EG, Noguera FA. 1992. Listados faunisticos de Mexico. II. Los Cerambycidae y Disteniidae de Norteamerica, Centroamerica y las Indias Occidentales (Coleoptera). Universidad Nacional Autonoma; Mexico City. 204 p.","Monne MA. 1993. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Part IV. Subfamily Cerambycinae: Tribe Elaphidionini. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia; Sao Paulo. 129 p.","Monne MA, Giesbert EF. 1994. Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books; Burbank, CA. 409 p.","Noguera FA, Chemsak JA. 1996. Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). p. 381 - 409. In: Llorente Bousquets JE (ed.). Biodiversidad taxonomia, y biogeografia de artropodos de Mexico: Hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento. Volumen I. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico City. 660 p.","Monne MA. 2005. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Zootaxa 946: 1 - 765.","Toledo VH. 2005. Revision taxonomica del genero Psyrassa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n. s.) 21 (3): 1 - 64.","Monne MA, Hovore FT. 2006. A Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. Bio Quip Publications; Rancho Dominguez, CA. 393 p.","Monne MA. 2022. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Available at https: // cerambycids. com / catalog / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)","Tavakilian GL, Chevillotte H. 2021. Titan: base de donnees internationales sur les Cerambycidae ou Longicornes. Available at http: // titan. gbif. fr / (Last accessed 7 May 2022.)"]}

El principal objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación propone una guía sencilla para la generación de inventarios, monitoreos e identificaciones taxonómicas de las especies. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de las diferentes metodologías para la elaboración de inventarios divididos por taxones de los recursos biológicos de flora y fauna. En primer lugar, se tienen los inventarios de flora, en los cuales se menciona el nombre del método, la unidad de muestreo, diseño, tiempo, personal requerido y finalmente el tipo de análisis al que debe someterse cada uno de ellos; además, para la programación y ejecución de monitoreos de este recurso se considera el monitoreo de la vegetación dentro de una parcela permanente como método más efectivo. Por otro lado, para la generación de inventariosdel recurso fauna se muestran diferentes metodologías divididas en taxones, cabe destacar que se realizó la descripción de los métodos tanto para captura y rastreo de especies de aves, mamíferos, reptiles, anfibios y peces; de este último se encuentra por separado la metodología para el muestreo de Macroinvertebrados Acuáticos MIA. Finalmente, se concluye que los inventarios y monitoreos de flora y fauna permiten gestionaradecuadamente la conservación, el manejo y la implementación de programas para la protección de las especies y su dinámica con los elementos que los rodean. Se espera que esta guía sea utilizada por estudiantes y docentes como una herramienta de campo.

Neocompsa soniae sp. nov. (Figs 19–23) Description. Holotype male. Integument mostly dark reddish brown; parts of ventral mouthparts and apex of palpomeres yellowish brown; base of pedicel and carinae on antennomeres III–VI dark brown; antennomeres VI–XI orangish brown, gradually lighter toward XI. Elytra with two yellow maculae dorsally, one longitudinal from about basal ninth to middle, another oblique, subtriangular, placed slightly after middle; area between yellow maculae slightly darker than laterally, especially on central region, and apical fourth of elytra gradually lighter. Posterocentral area of mesoventrite and mesoventral process light reddish brown, except narrow dark brown margins close to mesocoxae. Tibiae light orangish brown from middle. Head. Frons with large, slightly distinct plate close to anteclypeus, transversely, finely striate on its anterior region (this region triangularly projected backward centrally), finely, sparsely punctate posteriorly; sulcate between frontal plate and postclypeus and sides of plate; remaining central area of frons finely punctate, punctures denser close to median groove, sparser toward sides; area close to eyes finely, densely punctate; with short, bristly, sparse whitish setae, more abundant close to eyes, absent on striate region of frontal plate. Antennal tubercles smooth and glabrous, except for a few fine punctures, with short, sparse whitish setae centrally; elevated and abruptly inclined posteriorly. Central area between antennal tubercles smooth and glabrous. Region between posterior margin of eyes and prothorax smooth, glabrous about middle; sides of this region finely, somewhat abundantly punctate; with sparse whitish pubescence, and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae close to eyes; area close to prothorax slightly rugose-punctate, glabrous. Area behind upper eye lobes finely, somewhat abundantly punctate, with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except finely rugose-punctate, glabrous narrow area close to prothorax. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid; coarsely, sparsely punctate close to eye, slightly transversely striate close to prothorax; with sparse, decumbent yellowish-white setae and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae on tumid area, glabrous close to prothorax. Genae finely, sparsely punctate; with short, decumbent, sparse yellowish setae toward ventral surface, and whitish setae toward clypeus. Wide central area of postclypeus concave, finely, abundantly punctate; with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument and one long, erect yellowish-brown seta on each side; sides of postclypeus elevated, smooth, glabrous. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior half, inclined at anterior half; with long yellowish-brown setae directed forward on posterior half, tuft of yellowishbrown setae on center of anterior region of inclined area, and sparse yellowish-brown setae on sides of anterior half. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on posterior third; finely, sparsely punctate, with long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae on central third; depressed, transversely striate-punctate, with long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae, and yellowish-white pubescence on anterior third (pubescence present only close to anterior margin). Upper eye lobes (Fig. 23) with four rows of ommatidia toward inner apex, and three rows toward area of connection between eye lobes; distance between upper eye lobes 0.31 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.51 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 2.7 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at posterior third of antennomere VII. Scape slightly widened toward apex, not sulcate dorsally; finely sparsely punctate, except smooth dorsal apex; with sparse, decumbent whitish setae and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae, except glabrous smooth area. Pedicel finely, abundantly punctate; with short, decumbent, sparse whitish setae and a few long erect yellowish-brown setae. Antennomeres III–VI with distinct longitudinal carina dorsally and ventrally, and antennomeres VII–IX with slightly distinct carina; antennomeres III–VI wide (gradually narrower from III to VI), and antennomeres VI–XI slender; antennomere III with sparse whitish pubescence, denser between carinae and outer margin; antennomeres IV–XI with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument; antennomere III with a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae dorsally, distinctly longer and more abundant ventrally; antennomeres IV–V with long, erect yellowish-brown setae ventrally (shorter and sparser on V), and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae on dorsal apex; antennomeres VI–XI with short, erect, sparse whitish setae interspersed throughout, and moderately long, erect yellowish-brown setae on apex of VI–X. Antennal formula based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.40; pedicel = 0.14; IV = 0.60; V = 0.84; VI = 0.91; VII = 0.86; VIII = 0.77; IX = 0.71; X = 0.64; XI = 0.80. Thorax. Prothorax cylindrical, distinctly longer than wide; sides slightly narrowed close to posterior sixth, slightly widened from middle to posterior constriction. Pronotum not tuberculate; finely, sparsely punctate; central region almost smooth, except slightly transversely striate area close to anterior margin; with short, decumbent, very sparse whitish setae and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae, except posterior seventh with abundant yellowishbrown pubescence, almost absent centrally and gradually yellower toward sides. Sides of prothorax finely, sparsely punctate; with wide, longitudinal yellowish-white pubescent band near prosternum, following the pubescent apical band on pronotum, and not reaching anterior margin; remaining surface with short, decumbent, very sparse whitish setae. Prosternum finely, very sparsely punctate on posterior half, slightly transversely striate on anterior half; with a few short, decumbent whitish setae, distinctly more abundant, yellowish-white close to procoxal cavities. Prosternal process with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; narrowest area 0.24 times procoxal width; apex 1.16 times procoxal width. Posterocentral area of mesoventrite distinctly more elevated, on the same level as mesoventral process; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser on elevated region. Mesanepisternum with dense yellowish-brown pubescence close to elytra and on superior area close to mesoventrite, and yellowish-white pubescence on remaining surface. Mesepimeron with yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Mesoventral process with apical sides distinctly projected on mesocoxal cavity; with sparse yellowish-white pubescence; widest area 0.95 times mesocoxal width. Metanepisternum and sides of metaventrite with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Metaventrite with short, sparse, decumbent yellowish-white setae, absent centrally, and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Scutellum with abundant yellowish pubescence. Elytra. Coarsely, abundantly punctate on anterior 2/3, except smooth yellow macula, punctures finer, sparser on posterior third; nearly all punctures on anterior 2/3 with minute whitish seta; posterior third with short whitish setae, distinctly longer and more abundant than on anterior 2/3; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae, distinctly more abundant on posterior third; apex subtruncate. Legs. Femoral club finely, sparsely punctate; profemora with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous ventral, inner, and outer surfaces of club, and long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae interspersed; meso- and metafemora with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous ventral surface of club, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed; apex of femoral club slightly carinate apically. Protibiae with sparse yellowish-white pubescence and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed, except ventral surface of posterior third with abundant, bristly pale yellow setae; meso- and metatibiae with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed, except ventral apex of posterior quarter with bristly, abundant pale yellow setae; tibiae carinate from base to apical fourth. Tarsomeres with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed; metatarsomere I as long as II–III together. Abdomen. Ventrites with abundant yellowish pubescence laterally; ventrites 1–4 with sparse whitish pubescence centrally and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed; ventrite 5 with sparse yellowish-white pubescence on center of basal third, abundant yellowish-white pubescence on center of posterior 2/3, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed; apex of ventrite 5 truncate. Dimensions (mm). Total length, 12.80; prothoracic length, 2.95; anterior prothoracic width, 1.55; posterior prothoracic width, 1.65; maximum prothoracic width, 1.70; humeral width, 2.40; elytral length, 7.90. Type material. Holotype male from PANAMA, Chiriquí: vic. Chiriquicito, 17.V.1996, Wappes, Huether & Morris leg. (FSCA, formerly ACMT). Etymology. The specific epithet “ soniae ” is in honor to our friend, and mentor of the first author, Sonia Aparecida Casari, in recognition of her contributions to the knowledge of Coleoptera, especially on Elateridae and larvae. Remarks. According to Martins (1965, 1970a, 2009), the upper eye lobes in Neocompsa Martins, 1965 have three rows of ommatidia. However, in N. soniae sp. nov., as well as in some other species of Neocompsa, the upper eye lobes have four rows of ommatidia in the innermost area. Neocompsa soniae sp. nov. is similar to N. aspasia Martins, 1974 in its general appearance, but differs as follows: upper eye lobes with four rows of ommatidia; antennomeres VII–XI unicolorous; pronotum not abundantly pubescent; and posterior yellow macula on the elytra triangular-shaped. In N. aspasia, the upper eye lobes have three rows of ommatidia, antennomeres VII–XI are bicolorous, pronotum has abundant pubescence not obscuring integument, and the posterior yellow macula on the elytra is longitudinally elongated. The new species can be included in the alternative of couplet “13” from Martins (1970a) (translated, modified): 13(12). Pronotum not pubescent close to posterior margin. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia (Santa Cruz), French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia, Maranhão, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná)....................................................................................... N. lineolata (Bates, 1870) - Pronotum with pubescence close to posterior margin..................................................... 13’ 13’(13). Upper eye lobes with three rows of ommatidia; antennae in males distinctly shorter than 2.0 times body length. Argentina (Jujuy, Tucumán).............................................................. N. tucumana Martins, 1965 - Upper eye lobes with four rows of ommatidia; antennae in males distinctly longer than 2.0 times body length. Panama....................................................................................... N. soniae sp. nov. It also can be included in the alternative of couplet “8” from Martins (2009), which leads to the same species: N. lineolata and N. tucumana., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, New species and new records in Neoibidionini and Hexoplonini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), pp. 399-414 in Zootaxa 5134 (3) on pages 407-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6538351, {"references":["Martins, U. R. (1965) Ibidionini (Coleoptera, Cerambycinae) XXIV. Divisao do genero Compsa Perty, 1832. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 17 (9), 89 - 107.","Martins, U. R. (1970 a) Monografia da tribo Ibidionini (Coleoptera, Cerambycinae). Parte IV. Arquivos de Zoologia, 16 (4), 879 - 1149. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 16 i 4 p 879 - 1149","Martins, U. R. (2009) Tribo Ibidionini, Subtribo Compsina. In: Martins, U. R. (Org.), Cerambycidae Sul-Americanos (Coleoptera). Volume 10. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 199."]}

Key to species of Corimbion 1. Posterior third of the elytra densely pubescent. Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica............. C. martinsi Giesbert, 1998 - Posterior third of the elytra without dense pubescence........................................................ 2 2(1). Antennomeres distinctly bicolorous. Ecuador................................ C. antennatum Martins & Galileo, 2014 - Antennomeres unicolorous or at most slightly darkened apically................................................ 3 3(2). Elytra with inverted V-shaped yellowish-white band about middle............................................... 4 - Elytra without inverted V-shaped yellowish-white band centrally................................................ 5 4(3). All femora mostly dark reddish brown. Bolivia (Santa Cruz)........... C. ledezmae Santos-Silva, Galileo & Wappes, 1015 - Pro- and mesofemora distinctly lighter than metafemora. Brazil (Bahia)....................... C. balteum Martins, 1970 5(3). Elytra with contrasting bands or maculae on basal half........................................................ 6 - Elytra without contrasting bands or maculae on basal half.................................................... 11 6(5). Antennomere IV about as long as III and V. Venezuela................................. C. caliginosum Martins, 1970 - Antennomere IV shorter than III and V.................................................................... 7 7(6). Elytra with transverse dark band on posterior half. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná).......................................................................... C. vulgare Martins, 1970 - Elytra without transverse dark band on posterior half......................................................... 8 8(7). Elytra with longitudinal dark sutural band from middle to near apex. Venezuela.............. C. supremum Martins, 1970 - Elytra without longitudinal dark sutural band on posterior half.................................................. 9 9(8). Elytra with transverse yellowish-brown band about middle. Guatemala............................ C. wappesi sp. nov. - Elytra without light transverse band about middle........................................................... 10 10(9). Elytra mostly dark. Ecuador...................................... C. mutabile Bezark, Santos-Silva & Galileo, 2016 - Elytra mostly yellowish brown. Bolivia (Santa Cruz)................. C. kuckartzi Santos-Silva, Galileo & Wappes, 2015 11(5). Antennomeres III and IV, apex of femora and entire tibiae blackish. Colombia (Sucre), Bolivia (Santa Cruz)........................................................................................ C. nigroapicatum Martins, 1970 - Antennomeres III and IV, entire femora and tibiae orangish. Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil (Roraima)................................................................................................ C. terminatum Martins, 1970, Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, New species and new records in Neoibidionini and Hexoplonini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), pp. 399-414 in Zootaxa 5134 (3) on page 404, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6538351

Compsibidion vandenberghei Heffern, Santos-Silva & Nascimento, 2018 (Figs 30–35) Compsibidion vandenberghei Heffern, Santos-Silva & Nascimento, 2018: 526. Compsibidion vandenberghei was described based on two females from Nicaragua (Nueva Segovia) (Heffern et al. 2018). We examined another female from Guatemala (Fig. 30), and in comparison with the type material (holotype illustrated in Figs 31, 33 and 35), the female examined has the body slightly wider, scape shorter and stouter (Fig. 32), flagellomeres slightly thicker, femora slightly thicker, yellowish lateral macula on the anterior third of the elytron closed adjacent to the epipleura (it is open in the holotype), black anterior elytral macula closer to the black transverse band (Fig. 30), transverse black macula on posterior half of the elytron arched upward close to suture (Fig. 30), and procoxal cavities slightly open behind (it is closed in the holotype). However, these types of variations also occur in other species of Compsibidion, as for example, in C. vanum (Thomson, 1867). Additionally, the upper eye lobes (Fig. 34) in the female from Guatemala have three rows of ommatidia, while in the holotype they have four rows (Fig. 35). However, in the female paratype, the left upper eye lobe has four rows of ommatidia, with a single ommatidium in the fourth row, and the right upper eye lobe has three rows of ommatidia. Material examined. GUATEMALA (new country record), Zacapa: Quarry rd to San Lorenzo, Sierra las Minas, 15.043871, -89.668775, 555 m, 1 female, 29-31.V.2019, Skillman, Wappes & Monzón leg. (FWSC). NICARAGUA, Nueva Segovia: Cerro Jesus (1300 m), holotype and paratype female, 25–30.V.2011, E. van den Berghe col. (MZSP; DHCO).

Corimbion wappesi sp. nov. (Figs 6–12) Description. Holotype male (Figs 6–11). Integument mostly black; palpomeres reddish brown, except apex of maxillary palpomeres I–III and labial palpomeres I–II yellowish brown; scape, pedicel, and antennomeres III–VI dark brown (slightly lighter toward VI); antennomeres VII–XI brown (gradually lighter toward XI). Elytra brown, lighter toward posterior fifth; with wide, transverse yellowish-brown band before middle, from suture to epipleural margin, oblique, gradually narrowed near suture. Femoral peduncle dark reddish brown and femoral club dark brown. Tibiae mostly dark reddish brown, more dark brown depending on light intensity. Tarsi dark reddish brown. Apex of ventrites 3–4 narrowly paler; ventrite 5 dark brown basally, gradually reddish brown toward apex. Head. Frons finely, densely rugose and punctate; with abundant, decumbent yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument (pubescence paler depending on light intensity). Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes with sculpturing and pubescence as on frons; with a few long, erect light yellowish-brown setae interspersed close to eyes. Remaining surface of vertex transversely rugose-punctate, with a few short, decumbent yellowish setae. Area behind upper eye lobes finely, abundantly punctate close to eye, punctures coarser and shallower close to prothorax; with abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument (pubescence paler depending on light intensity), glabrous close to prothorax; with a few long, erect light yellowish-brown setae close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid close to eye; with sculpturing as behind upper eye lobes, except smooth area adjacent to tumid area; pubescence as behind upper eye lobes, sparser superiorly; with long, erect, moderately abundant light yellowish-brown setae on tumid area. Genae finely rugose-punctate, except smooth apex; with sparse yellowish pubescence and a few long, erect setae of same color, except glabrous apex. Wide central area of postclypeus with bristly yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument (pubescence paler depending on light intensity), and one long, erect yellowish seta on each side; sides of postclypeus glabrous. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior half, inclined at anterior half; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae on posterior half, longer laterally, and fringe short, erect yellowish-brown setae on anterior half. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on posterior half; transversely striatepunctate on anterior half, with sparse yellowish pubescence interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Upper eye lobes with three rows of ommatidia; distance between upper eye lobes 0.39 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.46 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 2.6 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at posterior third of antennomere VII. Scape subcylindrical, not sulcate dorsally; finely, abundantly punctate, with some sparse and coarse piliferous punctures interspersed, except smooth apex (smooth area wider on outer region); with moderately abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, and long, erect yellow setae interspersed, except glabrous smooth area. Pedicel finely, sparsely punctate, except coarser piliferous punctures apically; with sparse yellowish pubescence, and long, erect, moderately abundant yellow setae apically. Antennomere III tumid (Fig. 11), coarsely, sparsely punctate; finely carinate dorsally, from base near apex (carina placed close to inner margin); with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument on part of basal third of dorsal surface and entire outer side, very sparse on remaining surface; with long, erect yellow setae throughout, longer, more abundant ventrally. Antennomeres IV–VI tumid, with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, abundant dorsally and sparser ventrally; with abundant, long, erect yellow setae ventrally and apically; with dorsal carina from base near apex, less distinct on posterior half of IV. Antennomeres VII–XI slender; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence; VII–X with a few long yellowish setae on apex. Antennal formula based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.52; pedicel = 0.11; IV = 0.72; V = 0.89; VI = 0.87; VII = 0.85; VIII = 0.80; IX = 0.74; X = 0.69; XI = 0.76. Thorax. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide; anterior and posterior constrictions well-marked; sides rounded centrally. Pronotum densely rugose on anterior and posterior third, and laterally, somehow smooth on center; with one distinct conical tubercle on each side, placed slightly before middle, and another elongated, less elevated placed centrally, from middle to posterior third; with a few coarse punctures on anterior third; with dense pubescence partially obscuring integument, yellowish-white basally, lighter toward its apex, except glabrous tubercles and area surrounding them, and band of sparse pubescence on each side of central tubercle (wide central area mostly glabrous); with long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae from anterior margin to before middle, setae yellowish-brown basally, pale yellow toward its apex. Sides of prothorax with a few coarse punctures, except transversely striate area close to anterior margin; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument, except glabrous anterior region (this area gradually widened toward prosternum) and posterior region; with long, erect, sparse setae, yellowish-brown basally, pale toward its apex. Prosternum transversely striate on anterior half; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence on posterior half, sparser than on sides of prothorax and a few short setae of same color on anterior half. Prosternal process with abundant yellowish-white pubescence except glabrous sides of apex; narrowest area 0.16 times procoxal width. Procoxal cavities slightly open behind (Fig. 10). Ventral surface of mesothorax with yellowish-white pubescence, denser on anterocentral area of mesoventrite, mesanepisternum and mesepimeron. Metanepisternum and sides of metaventrite with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; central area of metaventrite with sparse yellowish-white setae anteriorly, glabrous on remaining surface; metaventrite with a few long, erect light yellowish-brown setae. Scutellum with pale yellow pubescence not obscuring integument. Elytra. Coarsely, sparsely punctate on anterior half, punctures finer on posterior half; with sparse yellowish-white pubescence on posterior quarter, reaching posterior third on sides; with long, erect light yellowish-brown seta on nearly all punctures; apex slightly obliquely truncate, with outer and sutural angle rounded, slightly projected. Legs. Femora with abundant grayish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous ventral surface of profemora, and glabrous ventral surface of posterior 2/3 of meso- and metafemoral club; with long, erect, sparse light yellowish-brown setae. Protibiae with abundant yellowish-white pubescence, not obscuring integument, dorsally and laterally, and bristly yellowish-brown pubescence ventrally; meso- and metatibiae with sparse yellowish-white pubescence dorsally and laterally, and bristly light pale yellow pubescence on ventral surface of posterior half (yellow pubescence more abundant toward apex); with long, erect, sparse pale yellow setae; meso- and metatibiae longitudinally carinate laterally. Metatarsomere I slightly longer than II–III together. Abdomen. Ventrites with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, except almost glabrous area on center of ventrite 1, posterocentral area of ventrite 2, and apex of ventrites 3–4; with long, erect, sparse light yellowish-brown setae, gradually more abundant toward ventrite 5. Female (Fig. 12). It differs from male by the shorter antennae, 2.1 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at basal area of antennomere IX, and antennomeres III–VI not tumid. Variation. Central tubercle of pronotum as elevated as lateral tubercles; pronotal pubescence light yellowishbrown; pronotal erect setae reaching posterior constriction and partially brownish. Dimensions (mm) (Holotype male/ paratypes male/ paratypes female). Total length, 9.95/7.55–9.70/9.05–12.20; prothoracic length, 2.20/1.75–2.10/1.95–2.65; anterior prothoracic width, 1.40/1.10–1.30/1.20–1.65; posterior prothoracic width, 1.35/1.05–1.25/1.10–1.60; maximum prothoracic width, 1.50/1.20–1.40/1.25–1.80; humeral width, 2.00/1.60–1.85/1.65–2.40; elytral length, 6.10/4.70–5.55/5.45–7.20. Type material. Holotype male from GUATEMALA, Zacapa: El Arenal, Heloderma Conservation Reserve, 14º18’N, 89º78’W, 530 m, collected at MV/UV lights, 23-15.V.2019, Wappes, Monzón & Skillman leg. (FSCA, formerly ACMT). Paratypes — GUATEMALA, Zacapa: 1 male, same data as holotype (FSCA, formerly ACMT); 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype, except Skillman, Wappes & Monzón leg. (FWSC); Quarry Rd to San Lorenzo, Sierra Las Minas, 15º04’N, 89º67’W, 555 m, MV/UV lights, 1 male, 26.V.2019, Wappes, Monzón & Skillman leg. (MZSP, formerly ACMT); 500-600 m, MV/UV lights, 1 female, 26.V.2019, Wappes, Monzón & Skillman leg. (MZSP, formerly ACMT). Etymology. The specific epithet “ wappesi ” is in honor to the late James Wappes, in recognition of his contributions to the knowledge of Cerambycidae. Remarks. Depending on the feature and/or the interpretation of the features, the new species can be included in Compsibidion (Neoibidionina), Corimbion, Pygmodeon or Heterachthes (Compsina). Only a complete review of these genera may present reliable features to separate them or, eventually, to propose synonymies. This is because the features used to separate them are too variable in the genera studied: basal antennomeres carinate or not (Compsibidion and Heterachthes), central tubercle of the prothorax elevated or not (variable in Heterocompsa and Corimbion) procoxal cavities closed or slightly open behind (at least variable in Corimbion, Compsibidion and Pygmodeon), tibiae with or without carina (at least variable in Compsibidion and Heterachthes), presence of pubescent band on sides of the prothorax (at least variable in Compsibidion and Heterachthes), etc. For now, we think better to include the new species in Corimbion. By the elytral pattern, the new species cannot be confused with any species currently included in Corimbion. This is because there are no other species with only a transverse yellowish band about middle, and no other macula anterior and/or posterior to it., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, New species and new records in Neoibidionini and Hexoplonini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), pp. 399-414 in Zootaxa 5134 (3) on pages 401-404, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6538351

Neocompsa pilosa sp. nov. (Figs 13–18) Description. Holotype male (Figs 13–17). Head brown dorsally, dark reddish brown laterally and ventrally, reddish brown on frons and antennal tubercles; apex of palpomeres pale yellow; antennae and legs reddish brown. Prothorax and ventral surface of meso- and metathorax dark reddish brown, darker than on dorsal surface of head, with lighter irregular areas. Elytra dark reddish brown basally, gradually lighter toward apex, except yellowish-white longitudinal band dorsally, from anterior quarter to slightly after middle. Ventral surface of abdomen brown basally, gradually orangish brown toward ventrite 5. Head. Frons finely, densely rugose-punctate; with sparse straw-colored pubescence, denser close to clypeus. Antennal tubercles smooth, almost glabrous, elevated and abruptly inclined posteriorly. Vertex and area behind upper eye lobes finely, densely rugose-punctate; with straw-colored pubescence not obscuring integument, denser close to lower eye lobe, and long, erect light yellowish-brown setae interspersed close to eyes. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid close to eye; coarsely, shallowly punctate on tumid area, almost smooth close to prothorax; with a few short, decumbent straw-colored setae on tumid area, absent close to prothorax, and long, erect light yellowish-brown setae on tumid area (erect setae more abundant than behind upper eye lobes). Genae finely rugose-punctate; with sparse straw-colored pubescence. Wide central area of postclypeus with abundant, bristly straw-colored pubescence not obscuring integument, and one long, erect yellowish-brown seta on each side; sides of postclypeus glabrous. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior third, inclined at anterior 2/3; with sparse, erect yellowish-brown setae, both short and long, directed forward laterally. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on posterior half; anterior half transversely striate, with sparse, suberect straw-colored setae, and sparse, long, erect setae, yellowish-brown basally, gradually paler toward apex. Upper eye lobes with three rows of ommatidia (Fig. 17); distance between upper eye lobes 0.31 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.45 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 2.0 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at base of antennomere IX. Scape subpiriform; finely, somewhat sparsely punctate, except smooth apex; with sparse yellowish-white pubescence, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Pedicel finely punctate except smooth apex; with sparse yellowish-white pubescence and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Antennomeres III–VI wide and tumid, decreasing the width toward the VI; with distinct longitudinal carinae dorsally and ventrally; with sparse, straw-colored pubescence, almost absent on entire inner surface of III–V; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae, longer ventrally, more abundant especially on III–V.Antennomeres VII–XI cylindrical; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence; VII–X with long, erect yellowish-brown setae apically, longer ventrally. Antennal formula based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.44; pedicel = 0.14; IV = 0.53; V = 0.78; VI = 0.78; VII = 0.64; VIII = 0.61; IX = 0.55; X = 0.50; XI = 0.58. Thorax. Prothorax cylindrical, distinctly longer than wide; sides slightly narrowed close to posterior sixth. Pronotum coarsely, sparsely punctate, punctures slightly more abundant laterally, almost smooth centrally; sides with dense, wide straw-colored pubescent band; central area with sparse straw-colored pubescence close to anterior and posterior margins (denser on posterior margin); with long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae. Sides of prothorax coarsely, sparsely punctate, except transversely striate area close to anterior margin (this area gradually widened toward prosternum); with dense straw-colored pubescent band close to prosternum and posterior margin, not reaching striate anterior area; remaining surface almost glabrous. Prosternum finely, sparsely punctate about posterior half, transversely striate on remaining surface; with sparse yellowish-white pubescence on posterior third, except dense pubescence close to procoxal cavities, a few short, decumbent setae of same color centrally, glabrous anteriorly. Prosternal process with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; narrowest area 0.15 times procoxal width. Ventral surface of meso- and metathorax with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly denser on inferior area of mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and sparser on part of mesoventrite. Mesoventral process distinctly widened posteriorly; maximum width 0.85 times mesocoxal width. Scutellum with dense straw-colored pubescence. Elytra. Coarsely, abundantly punctate on anterior half, except fine and sparse punctures on yellowish-white band, punctures finer, distinctly sparer on posterior half; with short yellowish-white seta within nearly all punctures on anterior half, except sides from anterior third with dense yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; and long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae throughout, denser on lateral sides of apical fourth; apex obliquely truncate, slightly emarginate, with outer angle projected. Legs. Femora with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, absent on ventral surface of femoral club and mostly of outer surface of profemora and ventral surface of meso- and metafemora; with long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae interspersed; outer apex of meso- and metafemora with short, fine longitudinal carina. Tibiae with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, except bristly yellowish-brown pubescence on posterior third of ventral surface; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Tarsomeres with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed; metatarsomere I about as long as II–III together. Abdomen. Ventrites with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed; apex of ventrite 5 emarginate. Female (Fig. 18). It differs from male by the shorter antennae, 1.9 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at apex of antennomere IX. Apex of ventrite 5 truncate, slightly emarginate centrally. Variation. The paratype female has part of the yellowish-white band surrounded by dark brown. Dimensions (mm) (Holotype male/ paratype female). Total length, 8.05/6.80; prothoracic length, 1.90/1.50; anterior prothoracic width, 1.00/0.80; posterior prothoracic width, 0.95/0.80; maximum prothoracic width, 1.05/0.90; humeral width, 1.35/1.20; elytral length, 5.00/4.10. Type material. Holotype male from PARAGUAY, Itapúa: Hotel Tirol, 27º11’00”S, 55º50’42”W, 827 ft., 25- 26.II.2019, J.E. Eger & L. Bezark leg. (FSCA, formerly RFMC). Paratype female, same data as holotype (RFMC). Etymology. Latin “pilosus”, meaning hairy, referring to the abundant setae on the antennae, elytra, and legs. Remarks. Neocompsa pilosa sp. nov. differs from N. aspasia Martins, 1974 as follows: antennomeres unicolorous; pronotum with dense pubescent band laterally; elytra with one longitudinal yellowish-white band; elytra with dense pubescence on posterior half; elytral apex obliquely truncate with outer angle projected. In N. aspasia, the antennomeres V–XI are bicolorous; pronotal pubescence is sparse laterally, elytra with two longitudinal yellowish bands, sparse pubescence on posterior half, and rounded apex. The new species is also similar to N. albopilosa (Martins, 1962), N. tucumana (Martins, 1962), N. serrana (Martins, 1962), N. vogti Martins, 1970, and N. lineolata (Bates, 1870), especially by having a single longitudinal yellowish band on each elytron, but it differs by the pronotum with dense lateral pubescence (absent in these species). Also, it differs from N. serrana and N. vogti by having dense pubescence only on apical half of the elytra (elytral pubescence is present throughout in N. serrana and N. vogti). Lastly, the new species is similar to N. santarensis Martins & Galileo, 1998 by having sparse pubescence only on the posterior half of the elytra; however, it differs from N. santarensis by having a single longitudinal band on each elytron (N. santarensis has two bands, one of them elliptical). In the key to species of Neocompsa from Martins (2009), the new species can be included in the alternative of couplet “10,” modified: 10(9). Elytra pubescent on posterior half, glabrous or almost glabrous on anterior half..................................10’ - Elytra almost entirely pubescent....................................................................... 11 10’(10). Pronotum with dense pubescent band laterally; elytra with one longitudinal yellowish band, and with dense pubescence on posterior half. Paraguay.................................................................. N. pilosa sp. nov. - Pronotum without dense pubescent band laterally; elytra with two yellowish bands, one longitudinal anteriorly, another rounded posteriorly, and with sparse pubescence on posterior half. Brazil (Pará)...................................................................................................... N. santarensis Martins & Galileo, 1998, Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, New species and new records in Neoibidionini and Hexoplonini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), pp. 399-414 in Zootaxa 5134 (3) on pages 404-407, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6538351, {"references":["Martins, U. R. (2009) Tribo Ibidionini, Subtribo Compsina. In: Martins, U. R. (Org.), Cerambycidae Sul-Americanos (Coleoptera). Volume 10. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 199."]}

Heterachthes boliviensis sp. nov. (Figs 24–29) Description. Holotype female. Head capsule reddish brown, dark orangish-brown ventrally and on antennal tubercles; ventral mouthparts dark orangish brown, except pale yellow apex of palpomeres; scape orangish brown, except irregular brownish area near dorsal apex; pedicel orangish brown, lighter toward apex; antennomeres III–XI orangish, slightly darkened on apex of III–X; mandibles orangish-brown, except dark brown margins and almost black apical third. Prothorax dark reddish brown, except brown anterior and posterior margins and area surrounding procoxal cavities. Ventral surface of mesothorax mostly reddish brown, except orangish posterocentral area of mesoventrite, central area of mesoventral process, and brownish margins of mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and mesoventral process. Metanepisternum reddish brown; metaventrite dark orangish brown anteriorly and laterally, light orangish brown on wide central area, and yellowish close to metacoxal cavities. Elytra brownish on anterior seventh, with two yellowish maculae on each elytron, the anterior one from anterior seventh to slightly after middle, almost reaching epipleural margin and suture; the posterior one smaller, reaching epipleural margin and suture, with its anterior and posterior margins sinuous; with brown transverse macula separating yellowish maculae. Coxae mostly orangish brown; trochanters mostly light orangish brown; femoral peduncle pale yellow; femoral club brownish, except yellowish-brown apex; tibiae orangish-brown basally, pale yellow on remaining surface; tarsi light orangish brown, slightly brownish on apex of tarsomeres I–II. Ventral surface of abdomen reddish brown, except pale yellow apical margin of ventrites 1–4. Head. Frons finely rugose-punctate; sides of frontal-plate rounded and slightly inclined upward; with distinct sulcus between sides of frontal-plate and lower eye lobes, curved toward anterocentral region; with sparse whitish pubescence, almost absent on central area of frontal-plate. Antennal tubercles moderately elevated and abruptly inclined posteriorly; finely punctate, except smooth apex; with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument. Area between tubercles, finely, abundantly punctate, punctures confluently close to tubercles, and U-shaped sulcus close to anterior margin of upper eye lobes; with sparse whitish pubescence. Vertex finely, sparsely punctate; with slightly, transversely rugose area close to prothorax; and sparse yellowish-white pubescence, almost absent close to prothorax, and one long, erect yellowish seta on each side near eyes. Area behind upper eye lobes smooth close to eye, slightly rugose close to prothorax; with yellowish-white pubescence superiorly close to eye, glabrous on remaining surface. Area behind lower eye lobes finely, sparsely punctate close to eye, smooth close to prothorax; with short, decumbent, very sparse yellowish-white setae on inferior half close to eye, and long, erect yellowish setae on posterior 2/3 close to eye. Genae finely, abundantly punctate, except smooth apex; with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, absent on smooth apex, and a few long, erect whitish setae toward ventral surface. Wide central area of postclypeus with bristly whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, and one long, erect seta of same color on each side; sides of postclypeus smooth, glabrous. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior 2/3, inclined at anterior third; finely, sparsely punctate and with a few short, bristly whitish setae on anterior area of coplanar area; with abundant, bristly whitish pubescence on inclined area, and a few long, erect setae of same color interspersed. Basal 2/3 of outer surface of mandibles rugose-punctate; with sparse whitish pubescence and a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed; apical third smooth, glabrous. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on posterior half; anterior half slightly depressed, transversely rugose-punctate, with short, sparse, decumbent yellowish-white setae, denser close to anterior margin, and a few long, erect setae of same color interspersed. Upper eye lobes with two rows of ommatidia, with a single ommatidium near inner apex (Fig. 29); distance between upper eye lobes 0.38 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.48 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 1.9 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at base of antennomere IX. Scape subcylindrical, arched in lateral view; finely, sparsely punctate, except smooth apex of dorsal surface; with sparse minute yellowish-white pubescence, absent on smooth area, and a few long, erect yellowish-white setae. Pedicel and antennomeres III–XI with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument; pedicel and antennomeres III–V with long, erect, sparse yellowish-white setae ventrally (sparser toward V) and moderately long, erect, sparse yellowish-white setae on dorsal apex; antennomeres VI–X with moderately short, erect, sparse yellowish-white setae on ventral apex. Antennal formula based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.57; pedicel = 0.17; IV = 0.72; V = 0.87; VI = 0.87; VII = 0.83; VIII = 0.77; IX = 0.73; X = 0.62; XI = 0.73. Thorax. Prothorax longer than wide; anterior and posterior constrictions distinct, especially the posterior one; sides slightly rounded between constrictions. Pronotum with five, slightly elevated gibbosities, one subrounded on each side of anterior third; one subrounded, almost indistinct, on each side of posterior third; and another longitudinal, more conspicuous, centrally; finely, sparsely punctate anteriorly and posteriorly, smooth centrally; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, almost absent on wide central area, central and posterolateral tubercles, and T-shaped central area of anterior quarter, with long, erect yellowish-white setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax finely, sparsely punctate, except transversely striate anterior area (this area gradually widened toward prosternum); with abundant yellowish-white pubescence close to pronotum, almost absent toward prosternum; with a few long, erect yellowish-white setae superiorly. Prosternum finely, sparsely punctate on sides of posterior half, transversely striate on anterior half, abundantly punctate close to posterior half; in lateral view, distinctly concave centrally; with wide U-shaped yellowish-white pubescent band on posterior half (pubescence slightly denser close to procoxal cavities), almost glabrous on remaining surface. Narrowest area of prosternal process 0.12 times procoxal width. Ventral surface of mesothorax with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser on posterocentral area of mesoventrite and mesoventral process; posterocentral area of mesoventrite gradually, distinctly elevated toward mesoventral process. Mesoventral process distinctly widened posteriorly; widest area 0.9 times mesocoxal width. Scutellum with sparse whitish pubescence not obscuring integument. Elytra. Coarsely, sparsely punctate; with short, decumbent, very sparse yellowish-white setae, and long, erect, sparse pale-yellow setae; apex truncate, slightly concave centrally. Legs. Femora with abundant yellowishwhite pubescence not obscuring integument, and long, erect setae of same color interspersed. Tibiae with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, longer, bristly on ventral surface of posterior third, and long, erect setae of same color interspersed. Metatarsomere I slightly longer than II–III together. Abdomen. Ventrites with abundant whitish pubescence laterally, distinctly sparser centrally on ventrites 1–4, and almost absent on their apex; with a few long, erect yellowish setae interspersed on sides of ventrites 2–5, and apex of ventrite 5; apical margin of ventrite 5 rounded. Dimensions (mm). Total length, 8.05; prothoracic length, 1.60; anterior prothoracic width, 1.05; posterior prothoracic width, 1.05; maximum prothoracic width, 1.15; humeral width, 1.60; elytral length, 5.25. Type material. Holotype female from BOLIVIA, La Paz: Sur Yungas, Carmen Pampa, 5500’, black light trap, 11.XI.1976, L. Janicki leg. (FSCA, formerly RFMC). Etymology. The specific epithet “ boliviensis ” comes from the country Bolivia, where the holotype was collected. Remarks. Heterachthes boliviensis sp. nov. is similar to H. concretus Martins, 1970 (see photographs on Bezark 2022), but differs as follows: upper eye lobes with less than four rows of ommatidia; anterior half of the elytra mostly light yellowish brown; posterior quarter of the elytra entirely light yellowish brown. In H. concretus, the upper eye lobes have four rows of ommatidia; anterior half of the elytra has a yellowish-brown macula near middle; and the posterior third of the elytra has a wide yellowish-brown macula with brown area close to its posterior margin, and the elytral apex is yellowish. The new species is also similar to H. pallidipennis (Thomson, 1865) by having less than four rows of ommatidia. However, it differs by the basal antennomeres not carinate, elytral apex truncate, and elytral surface with four to five rows of piliferous punctures. In H. pallidipennis, the basal antennomeres are carinate, elytral apex is rounded, and the elytral surface has two rows of piliferous punctures. Heterachthes boliviensis sp. nov. can be included in the alternative of couplet “11” from Martins (2009) (translated; modified): 11(8). Upper eye lobes with less than four rows of ommatidia................................................... 11’ - Upper eye lobes with four rows of ommatidia............................................................ 12 11’(11). Elytra with arched dark brown band on anterior half and two rows of erect setae. Chile (?), Peru............................................................................................ H. pallidipennis (Thomson, 1865) - Elytra without arched dark brown band on anterior half, and rows or erect setae more abundant and somewhat irregular. Bolivia (La Paz)................................................................... H. boliviensis sp. nov., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, New species and new records in Neoibidionini and Hexoplonini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), pp. 399-414 in Zootaxa 5134 (3) on pages 410-412, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6538351, {"references":["Bezark, L. G. (2022) A photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World. New World Cerambycidae Catalog. Available from: http: // bezbycids. com / byciddb / wdefault. asp? w = n / (accessed 18 March 2022)","Martins, U. R. (2009) Tribo Ibidionini, Subtribo Compsina. In: Martins, U. R. (Org.), Cerambycidae Sul-Americanos (Coleoptera). Volume 10. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 199."]}

Gnomidolon incisum Napp & Martins, 1985 (Figs 1–5) Gnomidolon incisum Napp & Martins, 1985: 127; Joly, 1991: 24; Monné, 1993: 13 (cat.); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 67 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 310 (cat.); Martins, 2006: 147; Monné & Hovore, 2006: 86 (checklist); Monné, 2022: 492 (cat.). Gnomidolon incisum is known only from its type-locality in Venezuela (Napp & Martins 1985). We examined a female specimen from Trinidad and Tobago (Fig. 1). This specimen differs from the type material (paratype illustrated in Fig. 2) by the scape orangish (dark reddish brown in the holotype and paratype), and elytra without dark band projected toward anterior third along suture (present in the holotype and paratype). As there are no morphological structures differentiating the specimens, we concluded these are just chromatic variations. The length of the inner spine of the left metafemur is considerably different in the specimen from Trinidad and Tobago (Fig. 3); however, it varies within the same specimen and, in fact, the length of the inner spine of the right metafemur (Fig. 4) agrees well with that in the paratype of G. incisum (Fig. 5). Therefore, this characteristic is variable intraspecifically. Material examined. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (new country record), Trinidad, Tunapuna-Piarco: Saint Augustine, Mount Saint Benedict, Abbey, 1 female, 29.VI.1994, B.K. Dozier leg. (FSCA)., Published as part of García, Kimberly & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, New species and new records in Neoibidionini and Hexoplonini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), pp. 399-414 in Zootaxa 5134 (3) on pages 400-401, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6538351, {"references":["Napp, D. S. & Martins, U. R. (1985) Ibidionini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Ia. Divisao: notas, chaves e descricoes. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 36 (12), 111 - 130.","Monne, M. A. (2022) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part I. Subfamily Cerambycinae. Available from: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog / (accessed 18 March 2022)"]}