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An environmental enrichment protocol is essential for testing experimental models because it upholds animal welfare, aligns with ethical principles in animal experimentation, and reduces the number of animals needed. Calomys callosus, a South American rodent from the Cricetidae family, is bred in rodent animal facilities for its ease of handling, longevity, prolificacy, and effectively mimicking diseases like Toxoplasmosis, Leishmaniasis, Chagas, and Schistosomiasis. There are no reports on environmental enrichments for this species or their impact on reproductive parameters. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the Environmental Enrichment Program (EEP) on the reproductive and zootechnical performance of C. callosus kept in the Rodents Animal Facilities Complex of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU). Two experimental groups were established: with environmental enrichment EE+ and without environmental enrichment EE−. The materials used in the experimental design were changed weekly and alternated between dietary, occupational, physical/cognitive, and non-enrichment items. After the inclusion of the EEP, an improvement in the reproductive indices of C. callosus was identified in the EE+ group. These improvements included increased female precocity, a decreased interbirth interval, and a higher number of pairs producing more offspring. The postpartum zootechnical indices were also better, such as the number of animals born alive, improved weaning rates, and a reduced average number of deaths from birth to weaning. After the inclusion of the EEP, the general health status of C. callosus improved, reducing cases of non-infectious lumbar alopecia. Therefore, EEP allows C. callosus to express natural reproductive behaviors and improves parental care.

Este relato de experiência apresenta a vivência do autor na sala de aula enquanto bolsista do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência, focada na formação de professores de Geografia da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. O relato foi conduzido no Colégio Estadual Abdias Menezes, em Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. As turmas envolvidas foram as do 3º ano A e B do turno vespertino, sob a orientação da professora supervisora. O objetivo é de demonstrar a eficácia e o impacto positivo da implementação de uma Sala Temática em Geografia, destacando sua relevância no contexto educacional do Colégio Estadual Abdias Menezes durante o período de transição estrutural. A metodologia de análise considerada foi qualitativa descritiva que abrangeu observações, participações em aulas e a relação com colegas e alunos. As conclusões destacaram a i-mportância das metodologias ativas e a renovação do professor, além da valiosa experiência para o autor, que, estando na graduação, pôde conhecer o ambiente escolar e as vivências da profissão de professor e de uma Sala Temática em Geografia.

Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is currently used in the clinic to assess eligibility for immune-checkpoint inhibitors via the tumor proportion score (TPS), but its efficacy is limited by high interobserver variability. Multiple papers have presented systems for the automatic quantification of TPS, but none report on the task of determining cell-level PD-L1 expression and often reserve their evaluation to a single PD-L1 monoclonal antibody or clinical center. In this paper, we report on a deep learning algorithm for detecting PD-L1 negative and positive tumor cells at a cellular level and evaluate it on a cell-level reference standard established by six readers on a multi-centric, multi PD-L1 assay dataset. This reference standard also provides for the first time a benchmark for computer vision algorithms. In addition, in line with other papers, we also evaluate our algorithm at slide-level by measuring the agreement between the algorithm and six pathologists on TPS quantification. We find a moderately low interobserver agreement at cell-level level (mean reader-reader F1 score = 0.68) which our algorithm sits slightly under (mean reader-AI F1 score = 0.55), especially for cases from the clinical center not included in the training set. Despite this, we find good AI-pathologist agreement on quantifying TPS compared to the interobserver agreement (mean reader-reader Cohen’s kappa = 0.54, 95% CI 0.26–0.81, mean reader-AI kappa = 0.49, 95% CI 0.27—0.72). In conclusion, our deep learning algorithm demonstrates promise in detecting PD-L1 expression at a cellular level and exhibits favorable agreement with pathologists in quantifying the tumor proportion score (TPS). We publicly release our models for use via the Grand-Challenge platform.

Background: Alarms alert healthcare professionals of deviations from normal/physiologic status. However, alarm fatigue may occur when their high pitch and diversity overwhelm clinicians, possibly leading to alarms being disabled, paused, and/or ignored. We aimed to determine whether a staff educational program on customizing alarm settings of bedside monitors may decrease inconsistent alarms in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Methods: This is a prospective, analytic, quantitative, pragmatic, open-label, single-arm study. The outcome was evaluated on PACU admission before (P1) and after (P2) the implementation of the educational program. The heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation alarms were selected for clinical consistency. Results: A total of 260 patients were included and 344 clinical alarms collected, with 270 (78.4%) before (P1), and 74 (21.6%) after (P2) the intervention. Among the 270 alarms in P1, 45.2% were inconsistent (i.e., false alarms), compared to 9.4% of the 74 in P2. Patients with consistent alarms occurred in 30% in the P1 and 27% in the P2 (p = 0.08). Patients with inconsistent alarms occurred in 25.4% in the P1 and in 3.8% in the P2. Ignored consistent alarms were reduced from 21.5% to 2.6% (p = 0.004) in the P2 group. The educational program was a protective factor for the inconsistent clinical alarm (OR = 0.11 [95% CI 0.04–0.3]; p < 0.001) after adjustments for age, gender, and ASA physical status. Conclusion: Customizing alarm settings on PACU admission proved to be a protective factor against inconsistent alarm notifications of multiparametric monitors.

RESUMO: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender os desafios e as possibilidades de tradução e contação em Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) das histórias presentes no livro O homem que Calculava, do escritor modernista brasileiro Malba Tahan. Tratase de uma investigação qualitativa que se debruçou sobre o processo de tradução audiovisual das histórias presentes no livro, as adaptações feitas em suas narrativas, os recursos de preparação para a produção e edição dos vídeos, a implementação de recursos gráficos e visuais e, por fim, sua divulgação como produto da pesquisa. As análises indicam o potencial didático que emerge na interação entre os envolvidos no processo de tradução das histórias: professores, intérpretes e discentes (surdo e ouvinte), possibilitando formas de expressão artísticas que exploram a visualidade inerente da língua de sinais aliada a recursos gráficos, tomando as narrativas como elemento central para o desenvolvimento criativo ancorado no ensino da Matemática por meio da leitura e da interpretação de histórias.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide, holds immense potential in regenerative medicine due to its diverse biological functions and clinical applications, particularly in gel formulations. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of HA, encompassing its origins, molecular characteristics, and therapeutic roles in gel-based interventions. Initially identified in bovine vitreous humor, HA has since been found in various tissues and fluids across vertebrate organisms and bacterial sources, exhibiting consistent physicochemical properties. The synthesis of HA by diverse cell types underscores its integral role in the extracellular matrix and its relevance to tissue homeostasis and repair. Clinical applications of HA, particularly in addressing musculoskeletal ailments such as osteoarthritis, are examined, highlighting its efficacy and safety in promoting tissue regeneration and pain relief. Building upon this foundation, a novel classification system for HA-based interventions is proposed, aiming to standardize treatment protocols and optimize patient outcomes. The ViSCNOVAS classification system refers to viscosity, storage, chain, number, origin, volume, amount, and size. This classification is specifically designed for HA-based orthobiologic products used in regenerative medicine, including orthopedics, sports medicine, aesthetics, cosmetic dermatology, and wound healing. It aims to provide clinicians with a structured framework for personalized treatment strategies. Future directions in HA research are also discussed, emphasizing the need for further validation and refinement of the proposed classification system to advance the field of regenerative medicine. Overall, this manuscript elucidates the biological functions of hyaluronic acid and its potential in clinical practice while advocating for standardization to enhance patient care in various regenerative applications.

Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide synthesized intracellularly, serves as a pivotal antioxidant, neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) while maintaining redox homeostasis and detoxifying xenobiotics. Its potent antioxidant properties, particularly attributed to the sulfhydryl group (-SH) in cysteine, are crucial for cellular health across various organelles. The glutathione-glutathione disulfide (GSH-GSSG) cycle is facilitated by enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), thus aiding in detoxification processes and mitigating oxidative damage and inflammation. Mitochondria, being primary sources of reactive oxygen species, benefit significantly from GSH, which regulates metal homeostasis and supports autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, playing a fundamental role in neuroprotection. The vulnerability of the brain to oxidative stress underscores the importance of GSH in neurological disorders and regenerative medicine. Nebulization of glutathione presents a novel and promising approach to delivering this antioxidant directly to the central nervous system (CNS), potentially enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This method may offer significant advantages in mitigating neurodegeneration by enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway signaling and mitochondrial function, thereby providing direct neuroprotection. By addressing oxidative stress and its detrimental effects on neuronal health, nebulized GSH could play a crucial role in managing and potentially ameliorating conditions such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Further clinical research is warranted to elucidate the therapeutic potential of nebulized GSH in preserving mitochondrial health, enhancing CNS function, and combating neurodegenerative conditions, aiming to improve outcomes for individuals affected by brain diseases characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

Psychoactive substances act on the central nervous system producing changes in mental processes, such as perception, consciousness, cognition or mood and emotions. The present study aims to identify: (i) the most used psychoactive substances, (ii) how psychoactive substances are acquired, (iii) and possible reasons for the use of psychoactive substances amongst university students. A literature search was carried out without language restrictions and included articles published between 2019 and 2020 in journals indexed in the electronic databases of Pubmed and Scielo. The inclusion criteria considered were: (i) original articles, (ii) studies carried out with university students, (iii) providing data on the use of psychoactive substances. 15 studies were included in this review, of which: 4 studies addressed possible reasons that lead to use of psychoactive substances, 10 studies reported usage profile and demographic data, and 1 study addressed how students acquire psychoactive substances. Reasons that led to the consumption of psychoactive substances include: feelings of loneliness after moving away from family; difficulty making new friends; poor academic performance and susceptible environment to acquisition of these substances. In the selected studies, alcohol was identified as the main drug used. In light of the findings reported in this review, new prevention and harm reduction measures can be formulated, based mainly on the reasons that lead to the use of psychoactive drugs, consumption patterns and how the drugs were acquired by university students.

This study evaluated the initial development of paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) seedlings under different nitrogen rates with the application of Trichoderma spp., using a randomized complete block design in a 4x5 factorial scheme (strains and rates) with seven replications. The evaluated traits were plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem fresh weights, leaf and stem dry weights, and aerial part dry and fresh weights. Trichoderma spp. strains did not satisfactorily promote paricá seedlings (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) under high nitrogen rates. However, the Trichoderma harzianum IBLF 006 WP strain was efficient only under low nitrogen availability.

Abstract The present work describes the phytophysiognomies and inventories the remaining floristic diversity of the Brisas Environmental Protection Area, which is located on the coast of Sepetiba Bay in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, covering approximately 101 hectares. Three phytophysiognomies were identified and described, namely Restinga, the Lowland Dense Ombrophylous Forest and the Mangrove. Different types of vegetation can be recognized for Restinga, such as beaches and dunes, those located on sandy ridges, in this case represented by Low and High Restinga forests, and the vegetation associated with depressions, such as the Swampy Restinga and Swampy forest. The floristic survey identified 311 species, distributed in 231 genera and 86 families. Herbaceous plants represent 29.26% of the flora, followed by vines (27.75%), trees (27.33%), shrubs (14.46%) and epiphytes (4%). Restinga is home to 81% of the flora, followed by the Lowland Dense Ombrophylous Forest (28.30%) and the Mangrove (2.25%). The most representative families were Fabaceae (38 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (15 spp.), Asteraceae (14 spp.) and Sapindaceae (14 spp.). The area has low floristic similarity with other areas of the state of Rio de Janeiro, but it has a greater grouping with restingas from the state of Rio de Janeiro.

The Amazon region is widely known for its rich biodiversity (SCHUBART, 1990) and the ancestral knowledge of the populations that have inhabited it since ancient times are fundamental in dealing with this issue. In this study, we sought to identify how ancestral knowledge about plants is presented in research carried out within the scope of postgraduate courses at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). Methodologically, this study was based on bibliographical research with reference to investigations carriedout in the context of postgraduate teaching at UFPA, in different areas and subareas of knowledge. The time frame was the range between the years 2016 to 2020. The option for bibliographic investigation is due to different factors such as, for example, the fact that it contributes to the identification of the current stage of knowledge (GIL, 2010; PIZZANI et al. ,2012) on the topic chosen for the research. Based on the survey carried out, in line with the theoretical support of anthropology authors, a greater direction of research on plants towards the area of exactand health sciences can be seen, with a focus on the production of drugs and medication for medicinal use. It was evidenced that the works that dialogue with the human sciences demonstrate the importance of this element for the social constitution of several communities, as is the case of the quilombola communities, since they are mechanisms to constitute the landscapes and as a proper place for the well-being.

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a pervasive condition that limits quality of life and burdens economies worldwide. Conventional pharmacological treatments primarily aimed at slowing the progression of degeneration have demonstrated limited long-term efficacy and often do not address the underlying causes of the disease. On the other hand, orthobiologics are regenerative agents derived from the patient’s own tissue and represent a promising emerging therapy for degenerative disc disease. This review comprehensively outlines the pathophysiology of DDD, highlighting the inadequacies of existing pharmacological therapies and detailing the potential of orthobiologic approaches. It explores advanced tools such as platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells, providing a historical overview of their development within regenerative medicine, from foundational in vitro studies to preclinical animal models. Moreover, the manuscript delves into clinical trials that assess the effectiveness of these therapies in managing DDD. While the current clinical evidence is promising, it remains insufficient for routine clinical adoption due to limitations in study designs. The review emphasizes the need for further research to optimize these therapies for consistent and effective clinical outcomes, potentially revolutionizing the management of DDD and offering renewed hope for patients.

Bioproducts derived from platelets have been extensively used across various medical fields, with a recent notable surge in their application in dermatology and aesthetic procedures. These products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), play crucial roles in inducing blood vessel proliferation through growth factors derived from peripheral blood. PRP and PRF, in particular, facilitate fibrin polymerization, creating a robust structure that serves as a reservoir for numerous growth factors. These factors contribute to tissue regeneration by promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration and collagen/elastin production. Aesthetic medicine harnesses these effects for diverse purposes, including hair restoration, scar treatment, striae management, and wound healing. Furthermore, these biological products can act as adjuvants with other treatment modalities, such as laser therapy, radiofrequency, and microneedling. This review synthesizes the existing evidence, offering insights into the applications and benefits of biological products in aesthetic medicine.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a severe trauma to the nervous system, leading to significant neurological damage, chronic inflammation, and persistent neuropathic pain. Current treatments, including pharmacotherapy, immobilization, physical therapy, and surgical interventions, often fall short in fully addressing the underlying pathophysiology and resultant disabilities. Emerging research in the field of regenerative medicine has introduced innovative approaches such as autologous orthobiologic therapies, with bone marrow aspirate (BMA) being particularly notable for its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the potential of BMA to modulate inflammatory pathways, enhance tissue regeneration, and restore neurological function disrupted by SCI. We hypothesize that BMA’s bioactive components may stimulate reparative processes at the cellular level, particularly when applied at strategic sites like the sacral hiatus to influence lumbar centers and higher neurological structures. By exploring the mechanisms through which BMA influences spinal repair, this review aims to establish a foundation for its application in clinical settings, potentially offering a transformative approach to SCI management that extends beyond symptomatic relief to promoting functional recovery.

Understanding and classifying brain states as a function of sleep quality and age has important implications for developing lifestyle-based interventions involving sleep hygiene. Current studies use an algorithm that captures non-linear features of brain complexity to differentiate awake electroencephalography (EEG) states, as a function of age and sleep quality. Fifty-eight participants were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and awake resting state EEG. Groups were formed based on age and sleep quality (younger adults n = 24, mean age = 24.7 years, SD = 3.43, good sleepers n = 11; older adults n = 34, mean age = 72.87; SD = 4.18, good sleepers n = 9). Ten non-linear features were extracted from multiband EEG analysis to feed several classifiers followed by a leave-one-out cross-validation. Brain state complexity accurately predicted (i) age in good sleepers, with 75% mean accuracy (across all channels) for lower frequencies (alpha, theta, and delta) and 95% accuracy at specific channels (temporal, parietal); and (ii) sleep quality in older groups with moderate accuracy (70 and 72%) across sub-bands with some regions showing greater differences. It also differentiated younger good sleepers from older poor sleepers with 85% mean accuracy across all sub-bands, and 92% at specific channels. Lower accuracy levels (

Abstract Despite exponential growth in ecological data availability, broader interoperability amongst datasets is needed to unlock the potential of open access. Our understanding of the interface of demography and functional traits is well-positioned to benefit from such interoperability. Here, we introduce MOSAIC, an open-access trait database that unlocks the demographic potential stored in the COMADRE, COMPADRE, and PADRINO open-access databases. MOSAIC data were digitised and curated through a combination of existing datasets and new trait records sourced from primary literature. In its first release, MOSAIC (v. 1.0.0) includes 14 trait fields for 300 animal and plant species: biomass, height, growth determination, regeneration, sexual dimorphism, mating system, hermaphrodism, sequential hermaphrodism, dispersal capacity, type of dispersal, mode of dispersal, dispersal classes, volancy, and aquatic habitat dependency. MOSAIC includes species-level phylogenies for 1,359 species and population-specific climate data. We identify how database integration can improve our understanding of traits well-quantified in existing repositories and those that are poorly quantified (e.g., growth determination, modularity). MOSAIC highlights emerging challenges associated with standardising databases and demographic measures.

Abstract Background Implant design and apical stability are principal parameters involved in achieving successful primary stability. Using polyurethane models to simulate post-extraction sockets, we investigated the effects of using differing blade designs on the primary stability of tapered implants and the impact of apical depth. Method Six polyurethane blocks were used to simulate post-extraction pockets. One of the implants presented self-tapping blades (Group A), while the other (Group B) did not. Seventy-two implants were placed at 3 different depths (5 mm, 7 mm, and 9 mm), and a torque wrench was used to measure the stability of the implants. Results When evaluating the implants (placed at 5 mm, 7 mm, and 9 mm apical to the socket), we observed that the torque of the Group B implants was higher than that of Group A implants (P 0.001), and considering the same implant groups, those placed at 7-mm and 9-mm depths presented higher torques (p 0.01). Conclusion Considering both groups, we concluded that an insertion depth of greater than 7 mm is needed for initial stability, and in situations involving reduced supportive bone tissue or low bone density, a non-self-tapping thread design improves implant stability.

The use of digital marketing in the development of political strategies is increasingly common among the different political candidates running for public office, as it allows them to connect directly with the voter. However, the constant evolution of the digital era has changed the behavior patterns of voters, which is why the research question arises, seeking to identify the tactics used in the profile of the presidential candidate of the Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN), in the Facebook social network, during the month of January, 2022. This would determine whether the use of a political digital marketing strategy contributed to the results obtained. The approach was qualitative, so a review of the publications on the Internet was carried out to identify the strategy used, and to define the profiles that constitute the voting public. The most relevant finding was that the party did not develop a digital strategy according to the target population, as evidenced by the lack of specific content on Facebook, minimal interaction of the candidate with the social network, and lack of use of data analysis tools.

Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a discriminação à população negra no Brasil, a partir de pesquisa realizada no Estágio de Práticas Investigativas II e III do curso de graduação em Psicologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, unidade Coração Eucarístico. Na análise do histórico brasileiro encontram-se estudos que revelam a grande importância que se tem ao investigar as consequências sociais e culturais da escravidão no Brasil, pois são perceptíveis os resquícios desse ocorrido nos dias atuais. Diante das pesquisas e análises infere-se a imprescindibilidade dos estudos sobre os impactos desse dado histórico, inseridos em uma instituição social fundamental, a escola. Para melhor compreensão do tema, o método qualitativo tornou-se ferramenta para a elaboração da pesquisa descritiva relatada e discutida neste trabalho, com base em uma entrevista semiestruturada com um estudante negro, graduando em Psicologia, realizada em tempo real em ambiente virtual de comunicação instantânea. Os resultados apontam a presença de uma lacuna que ainda deve ser trabalhada, manifestada e preenchida pela construção de identidade e extensão das referências negras dentro da escola. Portanto, verifica-se que sem âmbito para dialogar um determinado fato não há condições para deliberações. O movimento negro tem alcançado diversas conquistas nos últimos anos, contudo, ainda há outras ocorrências que demandam mudanças.

This research analyzes and identifies the evolution and trends in the telecommunications sector to successfully implement a hyperconverged solution. The approach was qualitative through a document review, exploring the best practices of consulting firms, the technology community, and manufacturers in the sector. The Gartner Magic Quadrant for Hyperconverged Infrastructure in 2022 was used as a basis to achieve this objective. The leading vendors successfully implementing their solutions in the telecommunications sector were identified. Subsequently, the information gathered by consulting firms, the technology community, and experts in the field was contrasted to corroborate the evolution, advantages, and market trends. Finally, it was concluded that organizations' decision-making should consider economic and commercial criteria and evaluate aspects of greater depth and relevance, such as field evidence, technological innovation, and customer experience described by third parties.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a atuação dos trabalhadores marítimos no comércio de escravizados entre a Bahia, a Costa da Mina e Angola, no período compreendido entre os anos 1750 e 1808. Ele está subdividido em três eixos distintos. Primeiro, destacamos como os oficiais marítimos cultuavam o catolicismo, salientando, dentre outras características, a vida material. Num segundo momento, estudamos a maneira através da qual algumas práticas religiosas, próprias do catolicismo, manifestam-se na cultura marítima. Por fim, refletimos sobre os capelães no funcionamento do tráfico de escravizados. Todas essas realidades evidenciam que as engrenagens das ações do tráfico negreiro também perpassam pela presença da mentalidade, do imaginário e da essência do barroco católico, influenciador da sociedade baiana colonial.

Advances in information technology are digitizing health areas to improve medical services, diagnoses, and continuous monitoring. These technologies have improved distributed systems’ security, reliability, and robustness. This digitization enhances the ease of calculating, storing, and accessing medical records, enabling better patient treatment experiences. However, it risks cyber-attacks, security, and privacy issues for data. In this article, we propose a reliable model based on Blockchain and the Internet of Medical Things, allowing the patient to provide consent to obtain and the option to share their medical records, getting more incredible speed when scheduling a consultation or receiving a treatment. In a Post COVID-19 era, this can take the steps for new strategic policies that offer people a more competitive system of social benefit in health and one of many avenues that help the prosperity of citizens in a world in crisis.

O adjetivo ‘tosco’ se faz presente na língua portuguesa carregando uma conotação deliberadamente negativa, dando qualidade a algo que é grosseiro, rude, vergonhoso, entre outras definições. Este artigo tem o objetivo de observar como tais atributos são utilizados para uma qualificação estética de visualidades diversas, tecendo relações entre a imagem, o espectador e o mundo contemporâneo. Utilizando considerações sobre estéticas similares, tais como a do grotesco, propõe-se investigar como se delimitaria uma categoria estética nomeada como tosca, e como se construiriam expressões visuais dela derivadas. Baseando-se em exemplos advindos da arte contemporânea, também serão investigadas as potências de subversão de uma estética assim construída, considerando os efeitos que uma proposta de relação visual teria sobre a subjetividade.

Musculoskeletal disorders are increasingly prevalent worldwide, causing significant socioeconomic burdens and diminished quality of life. Notably, patellar chondropathy (PC) is among the most widespread conditions affecting joint structures, resulting in profound pain and disability. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have emerged as reliable, effective, and minimally invasive alternatives. Continuous research spanning from laboratory settings to clinical applications demonstrates the numerous advantages of both products. These encompass lubrication, anti-inflammation, and stimulation of cellular behaviors linked to proliferation, differentiation, migration, and the release of essential growth factors. Cumulatively, these benefits support the rejuvenation of bone and cartilaginous tissues, which are otherwise compromised due to the prevailing degenerative and inflammatory responses characteristic of tissue damage. While existing literature delves into the physical, mechanical, and biological facets of these products, as well as their commercial variants and distinct clinical uses, there is limited discussion on their interconnected roles. We explore basic science concepts, product variations, and clinical strategies. This comprehensive examination provides physicians with an alternative insight into the pathophysiology of PC as well as biological mechanisms stimulated by both HA and PRP that contribute to tissue restoration.

Resumen La corrupción es un fenómeno con consecuencias desastrosas para el bienestar económico, social y político de nuestras sociedades. En particular, la contratación pública es vulnerable debido al elevado valor económico de sus transacciones. La presente investigación analiza el rol que las tecnologías de información pueden jugar en la lucha anticorrupción. Desarrollamos un caso basado en datos abiertos de contrataciones públicas en Costa Rica, con la finalidad de identificar los conceptos principales asociados al sistema de información subyacente. El caso muestra el potencial de las herramientas tecnológicas de análisis de redes sociales para contrarrestar la complejidad de las redes de corrupción. Asimismo, se evidencia la necesidad de disponer de un ecosistema rico en datos anticorrupción, preferiblemente en formato abierto.

Introdução: Construir um conhecimento sólido para entrar no mercado de trabalho, em qualquer área de atuação, é essencial para o futuro de qualquer profissional. Além disso, a base teórica quando somada à experiência prática da área de atuação, facilita a inserção, assim como a adaptação, do profissional no ambiente de trabalho. Dessa forma, a teoria alinhada à simulação da prática do ambiente torna-se necessária e se aplicada efetivamente tende a se tornar uma metodologia inovadora no meio acadêmico. Objetivos: Criar um jogo capaz de fornecer dinâmicas, mesclando a teoria da farmacologia com situações vivenciadas nos ambientes de saúde. Com o intuito de fortalecer e ampliar o conhecimento dos estudantes sobre a profissão, ao fornecer conceitos de legislação e reforçar habilidades como comunicação e resolução de problemas relacionados ao medicamento, o jogo Farmacêuticos em ação foi elaborado. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado na Universidade Federal da Bahia em Salvador e envolveu estudantes de duas profissões de saúde (Farmácia, Medicina) e Farmacêuticos. Vale a pena mencionar que o jogo foi aplicado em 7 sessões e 53 estudantes de farmácia (3º ao 10º semestre), 6 farmacêuticos e 2 estudantes de medicina jogaram (n = 61). Resultados: Foi realizado um pré e pós-teste de conhecimento específico com os jogadores (n = 61) e foi notado um aumento significante na nota dos jogadores após participarem do jogo. A pontuação dos jogadores no pós-teste foi significativamente maior do que a pontuação no pré-teste (72,5 %vs 55,5 %; p

Background Among the New World vultures, the Andean condor is considered one of the most culturally and ecologically important species. However, their populations are declining over their entire distributional range. In response, conservation strategies have been implemented in many countries to reverse the increasing extinction risk of this species. The initiatives rely on extensive population surveys to gather basic information necessary to implement policies and to intervene efficiently. Still, there is a need to standardize the surveys based on seasonality and suitable environmental conditions throughout the species distribution. Here, we provide the first assessment of how daily temperature, rainfall, and seasonality influence surveys of Andean condors on a communal roost in the central Peruvian Andes. Methods Using an autoregressive generalized linear model, we associated environmental variables with visual surveys of adult and young condors at three different times of the day and three times a week between June 2014 and March 2015. Results We found that both adults and young Andean condors showed a threefold reduction in the use of the communal roost after the beginning of the rainy season. Colder and drier days (dry season) are preferable for surveying, as we expect the total number of condors using communal roosts to reduce under rainy (rainfall = −0.53 ± 0.16) and warmer days (temperature = −0.04 ± 0.02) days. Therefore, the significant variation in the use of roosts across seasons and hours should be carefully accounted for in national surveys, at the risk of undermining the full potential of the communal roost surveys. Moreover, we also found a strong bias towards immatures (about 76%) in the adult:immature ratio and a remarkable absence of Andean condors during the wet season. These results suggest that the species might be using other unknown communal roosts hierarchically. Such results provide key information for selecting priority areas for conservation and selecting the best time to survey this species in the tropical Andes. Finally, it may open a fruitful avenue for further research on the protection of the Andean condor.

A luta dos povos indígenas ganhou destaque em atuações conjuntas com outros movimentos sociais no período da Ditadura Militar (1964-1985). Dentre as pautas reivindicadas, o acesso às universidades é uma das principais. Na Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), essa medida se concretizou em 2010, com o Processo Seletivo Especial (PSE). Neste artigo, pretende-se identificar quais são os desafios enfrentados na UFPA pelos indígenas discentes durante a graduação. Para realizar esta pesquisa, entrevistaram-se cinco graduandos. Assim, observou-se que a discriminação vivenciada nos espaços de sala de aula (tanto por discentes, quanto por docentes), a falta de preparo dos funcionários da universidade e a burocracia de editais para assistência estudantil são problemas enfrentados durante a graduação.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector for transmitting diseases that represent a recurring public health problem. Different educational campaigns and activities have been developed for mosquito prevention and control, such as the production of educational games. This paper presents the final result of the conception, design, construction and validation of the “Dengueside Survival”, a serious board game that presents the fight against the Aedes aegypti mosquito in a cooperative perspective. Dengueside provides five initial missions for players who must act as health agents to complete the proposed combat and control missions against the mosquito. For the validation of the proposed game, matches in physical and virtual environments were carried out, together with the application of the MEEGA+ questionnaire on the respective players, showing as a result the viability of the proposed game as a playful tool to support awareness of the fight against mosquitoes.

This study aimed to estimate the standardized ileal digestible leucine intake (SID-Leui, mg) in laying hens for maintenance, and to describe the response in laying hens to SID-Leui, thereby providing the information required to determine the optimum economic intake of SID-Leu for laying hens. Two nitrogen balance series, one balanced and the other unbalanced with respect to leucine (Leu), were used to estimate the SID-Leu requirement for maintenance using 36 roosters per series. The roosters were randomly distributed among the six levels of Leu with each level being replicated six times. The six diets were formulated to contain 0.0, 3.5, 6.9, 10.4, 13.9, or 17.4 g/kg of SID-Leu for the unbalanced series and 0.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, or 20.0 g/kg of SID-Leu for the balanced series. The SID-Leui maintenance requirement was calculated as 144 mg/bird d, 66 mg/kg d, 74 mg/kg0.75d or 395 mg/BPm0.73d. For the response trial, 120 individually caged laying hens (63 weeks old) were randomly distributed among eight treatments with 15 replicates. To estimate the SID-Leui for the population of hens, the Reading Model was fitted to the data using body weight (BW, kg), SID-Leui and egg output (EO, g). The Reading Model calculated the mg SID-Leui = 11.6 EOmax + 43.4 BW. The efficiency of SID-Leu utilization for laying hens was estimated to be 79%.

Platelet- and fibrin-rich orthobiologic products, such as autologous platelet concentrates, have been extensively studied and appreciated for their beneficial effects on multiple conditions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its derivatives, including platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in clinical and laboratory settings, particularly in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Although PRP and PRF have distinct characteristics, they share similar properties. The relative abundance of platelets, peripheral blood cells, and molecular components in these orthobiologic products stimulates numerous biological pathways. These include inflammatory modulation, augmented neovascularization, and the delivery of pro-anabolic stimuli that regulate cell recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, the fibrinolytic system, which is sometimes overlooked, plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine by regulating proteolytic activity and promoting the recruitment of inflammatory cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in areas of tissue regeneration, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle. PRP acts as a potent signaling agent; however, it diffuses easily, while the fibrin from PRF offers a durable scaffolding effect that promotes cell activity. The combination of fibrin with hyaluronic acid (HA), another well-studied orthobiologic product, has been shown to improve its scaffolding properties, leading to more robust fibrin polymerization. This supports cell survival, attachment, migration, and proliferation. Therefore, the administration of the “power mix” containing HA and autologous PRP + PRF may prove to be a safe and cost-effective approach in regenerative medicine.

As vespas sociais utilizam vários substratos para nidificação, como já reportado para o gênero Mischocyttarus, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar novas nidificações de Mischocyttarus bertonii, assim ampliando informações ecológicas e etológicas da espécie. O estudo foi conduzido no Parque Estadual da Mata Seca e na Fazenda Escola do IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Inconfidentes, utilizando-se do método de busca ativa para a coleta dos espécimes. Foram registradas nidificações em plantas como Mangifera indica L., Cereus jamacaru DC. e ainda em um poste, estando em áreas conservadas ou antropizadas. As nidificações que ocorreram em M. indica L. podem ter ocorridas pela proteção contra intempéries e devido a fonte de alimento providenciada pela planta, já as que ocorreram em C. jamacaru e no poste pode ter ocorrido, também, pela proteção providenciada pelos substratos, além de serem um meio de defesa contra os predadores através dos espinhos dos cactos ou reduzir a pressão da predação como no poste. Por fim, o estudo conclui que, a espécie M. bertonii é bem versátil em relação a escolha do ecossistema para a nidificação, podendo estar presentes tanto em ambientes antropizados ou conservados, utilizando comumente substratos como as cactaceae, mas sugerindo ainda uma adaptação aos ambientes antropizados.

Vespas sociais utilizam diferentes substratos para nidificação, incluindo construções humanas e numerosas espécies vegetais. Trabalhos já foram publicados a respeito da seleção de substratos para nidificação por vespas neotropicais, todavia há poucas informações para a espécie Parachartergus pseudapicalis Willink. No presente trabalho, reportam-se quatro registros de nidificação desta espécie, no domínio de Mata Atlântica, em 2013, 2014 e 2022, no município de Inconfidentes, Minas Gerais. Levou-se em consideração seleção de substrato e coletando-se os indivíduos para identificação das espécies. Não se encontraram padrões de similaridade morfológica entre as espécies vegetais que pudessem evidenciar preferência das vespas, mas sim quando consideradas as ocorrências no contexto da paisagem, de modo que os ninhos se encontravam em áreas de topografia relativamente deprimida e nas proximidades de corpos de água. Portanto, considera-se que a presença de recursos hídricos possa ser a variável de importância para a seleção de substratos para nidificação por P. pseudapicalis.

Culicid species, which include potential vectors of yellow fever, are diverse and abundant, with species commonly co-occurring in certain sites. Studying these species can provide important insights into their vector potential and, consequently, epizootic cycles of arboviruses carried about by these vectors. Here, we evaluated the vertical distribution and temporal segregation of mosquito oviposition with emphasis on arbovirus vectors in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two sampling points were selected: Fazenda Três Montes and the Reserva Natural de Propriedade Privada Morro Grande. Collections were carried out at two sites using 10 ovitraps installed on the vegetation cover at different heights (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 m above ground level) and monitored monthly from July 2018 to December 2020. The hypotheses of temporal and vertical stratification were tested through a PERMANOVA, and the relationship of each species with the vertical distribution was evaluated individually through a correlation analysis. We collected a total of 3075 eggs, including four species of medical importance: Haemagogus leucocelaenus (n = 1513), Haemagogus janthinomys (n = 16), Aedes albopictus (n = 1097), and Aedes terrens (n = 449). We found that Hg. leucocelaenus had a positive relationship with height, exhibiting behavior that appears to benefit from higher heights. The abundance of Ae. terrens seemed to follow Hg. leucocelaenus, although we did not find a relationship with height for the former species. On the other hand, Ae. albopictus exhibited a negative relationship with height, becoming absent or outnumbered at higher strata. Our study site has already presented evidence of recent transmission of the wild yellow fever virus, supporting the need to carefully monitor the emergence of febrile diseases among residents in the surrounding areas and the local population.

Introdução e objetivo: A alta intensidade incluí­da no futebol, exige demandas elevadas dos componentes físicos e motores do indiví­duo que o pratica. Para identificar indicadores de aptidão aeróbia, como o limiar de lactato, limiar anaeróbio, lactato mí­nimo e a máxima fase estável de lactato, tem se avaliado os í­ndices de resposta da concentração de lactato sanguí­neo sobre o exercí­cio. O estudo objetivou analisar a concentração de lactato sanguí­neo e a percepção subjetiva de esforço de atletas amadores de futebol. Materiais e métodos: Fizeram parte do estudo, atletas jovens de 19 a 27 anos praticantes de futebol amador. A amostra foi composta por 7 atletas que, em média, possuí­am 13 anos de prática esportiva. As coletas sanguí­neas, para determinação da concentração de lactato, foram realizadas em diferentes etapas da partida, e foram utilizadas as escalas de PSE 6-20 e PSE 0-10. Resultados: Um achado interessante deste estudo foi a forte correlação de 0,78 (p=0,03) encontrada entre a média da tabela de Borg 6-20 aplicada no final imediato da primeira e segunda etapa, com a tabela de Borg 0-10 aplicada 15 minutos após o final da partida. Discussão: Embora o resultado sobre a concentração de lactato não tenha sido significativo, houve diminuição deste parâmetro, do fim da primeira para o fim da segunda etapa. Conclusão: Diante dos resultados encontrados, o estudo afirma que tanto a PSE 0-10 quanto a PSE 6-20, podem ser utilizadas como instrumento de análise da intensidade de exercí­cio em praticantes de futebol amador.

Objective:The aim of this study was to perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) in Brazilian Portuguese, in addition to determining its validity and reliability. Methods: This was a cross-sectional case-series study. The translation and adaptation processes were conducted in 5 stages: initial translation (2 bilingual Brazilians); synthesis of translations; back translation (2 bilingual Brazilians not involved in the first part of the study); consensus version and assessment (technical committee); and testing phase. The test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the OMAS (OMAS BrP) were evaluated in a sample of 40 participants. Construct validity was determined based on the correlations of the OMAS-BrP to the Foot Function Index (FFI) and Short-Form 12 (SF-12). Results: The OMAS-BrP had excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=0.99). The OMAS-BrP showed moderate and weak correlations with the SF 12 PCS and SF-12 MCS (r=0.68 and p

Social wasps use different substrates for nesting, such as plants, rocks, and human buildings, and may adopt different strategies to protect their colony and brood. Here, we report the nesting behavior of Polistes versicolor in the deciduous forest, Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The occurrences were recorded during fieldwork from February to December 2021. We found 30 colonies in eight plant species. The statistics demonstrate a preference of this social wasp for the plant Cereus jamacaru Cactaceae, which is used for nestings over a large area. Also, we report the first known record of P. versicolor colonies on the Acacia plumosa, Commiphora leptophloeos, Quiabentia zehntneri, and Ziziphus joazeiro, all of them with thorns. From the preference of P. versicolor for plants with thorns, we conclude this study to reinforce the role of these vegetal structures in protecting the colonies.

Ants prey on social wasps affecting the evolution of nest architecture, defense behaviors, and selection of nesting sites of these insects. The importance of social wasps in natural and agricultural ecosystems, especially in biological control, justifies studies on predation of these insects by ants. The objective of this work is to report the colony predation of the social wasp Agelaia vicina (de Saussure, 1854) and the nest occupation of Parachartergus pseudapicalis Willinck, 1959 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) by the ant Camponotus renggeri Emery, 1894 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Atlantic Forest biome. The records occurred in 2015 and 2018 in southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This is the first record of C. renggeri preying on and occupying social wasp nests. This relationship between social wasps and ants constitutes an adaptation for the survival of these latter insects, and the limited number of records increases the need for research on the relevance of this phenomenon to the ecology of Atlantic Forest Hymenoptera.

El objetivo es revisar sistemáticamente la literatura empírica sobre gestión del conocimiento, capital intelectual e innovación en busca de vacíos que posibiliten futuras líneas de investigación. La investigación metodológica se orientó a la revisión documental, bajo un enfoque cualitativo. Se encuentran estudios sobre el impacto de la gestión del conocimiento y el capital intelectual por separado y en conjunto en varios tipos de innovación y en ambos casos el impacto es positivo, pero no se ha encontrado el impacto sobre la innovación del modelo de negocio; por lo tanto, se identifica un vacío en la literatura que debería ser investigado empíricamente. Classification JEL: O31, D83, M10.

Objectives: Talaromyces purpurogenus is a fungus species widely found in the marine environment. When in a hostile environment, it produces a series of secondary metabolites with important biotechnological potential, such as meroterpenoids. In our previous report, we demonstrated that the culture broth ethyl acetate extract from T. purpurogenus reduced the cellular infiltration of lymphoid organs and circulating levels of TNF-α. To elucidate this anti-inflammatory effect, this work aimed to study T. purpurogenus isolated from a marine-polluted environment regarding the chemical composition of its culture broth and mycelial ethyl acetate extract (CBEAE and MEAE respectively), as well as its action on pro-inflammatory markers in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and carrageenan-induced mice paw edema. Methods: Chemical characterization was performed by HPLC-DAD-UV. Cytotoxicity in vitro and endotoxin quantification in extracts were preformed prior the experiments. In vitro inhibitory effect of T. purpurogenus extracts were evaluated by cytokines and nitrite quantification in cell supernatant of RAW 264.7 cells. The effect of T. purpurogenus in murine acute inflammation model of carrageenan-induced paw edema was verified by thickness kinetic and histology evaluation. Results: The CBEAE demonstrated a richer chemical composition than MEAE, presenting nine meroterpenoid compounds, while MEAE displayed only two meroterpenoid and one phenolic compound. Cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages was not observed at any concentration treatment for both extracts. Endotoxin quantification also demonstrated absence of endotoxins in both extracts. At 500 μg/mL, the CBEAE and MEAE extracts inhibited nitrite (p = 0.0450 and p = 0.0497), TNF-α (p = 0.0076 and p = 0.0001) and IL-1β (p = 0.0042 and p = 0.0031), but only CBEAE inhibited IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated cells (p = 0.0234). CBEAE, but not MEAE, also inhibited nitrite (p = 0.0353) and IL-1β (p = 0.0386) in non-stimulated cells. In addition, CBEAE at 250 and 500 mg/kg inhibited edema thickness and mast cells (p = 0.0303 and p = 0.0130) in λ-carrageenan-induced mice paw edema. Conclusions: Talaromyces purpurogenus isolated from marine-polluted environment inhibited pro-inflammatory markers in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and in murine model of paw edema. The promising anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, especially the culture broth ethyl acetate extract, demonstrates its potential for further studies to elucidate its mechanism of action.

La quinta generación en telecomunicaciones ya se encuentra en una fase muy avanzada en algunos países a nivel global, mientras que en Latinoamérica todavía se está en proceso de estudio y pocos países en etapa de implementación; sin embargo, hay retos no solo tecnológicos y de infraestructura que se deben tomar en cuenta, por ejemplo, las leyes y políticas vigentes, es por ello que el presente articulo analiza e identifica los retos y oportunidades que deben ser considerados en una posible implementación de una red de 5G en Costa Rica de forma exitosa. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo; por tanto, se efectuó una revisión documental de las buenas prácticas en otros países en Latinoamérica que están llevando a cabo procesos similares, junto con las labores y actividades realizadas al día de hoy en Costa Rica. En total, se identificaron 3 países lideres en la región que están llevando de forma exitosa sus procesos de implementación en sus redes de 5G, en donde se identificaron desafíos de carácter político, regulatorio y tecnológico. Finalmente, se concluye que la implementación de 5G está en una etapa muy temprana en la mayoría de los países de la región y en Costa Rica, aunque se han realizado grandes avances, todavía se encuentra en una etapa introductoria, lo cual representa una gran amenaza para el país en la perdida de inversión importantes en diversos sectores de la industria e impulso de la productividad y competitividad en las zonas rurales.

Las organizaciones tecnológicas costarricenses deben aprovechar las oportunidades que brinda el desarrollo de la cuarta revolución industrial, tomando en cuenta los desafíos que existen en Latinoamérica y el impacto de elementos aceleradores. La presente investigación es de tipo cualitativa en la cual se exploran diversas fuentes de información y se analizan para lograr tener una perspectiva general sobre la Industria 4.0. Los resultados indican que Costa Rica tiene un rol de líder en la región y posee el apoyo de las diversas áreas del país, para continuar en la dirección correcta e impulsar la industria nacional. Se concluye que la pandemia generada por el COVID-19 a pesar de crear una gran crisis y ser un actual desafío en diferentes sectores, debe ser tomada como una oportunidad de crecimiento de las empresas del sector de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación.

Musculoskeletal diseases continue to rise on a global scale, causing significant socioeconomic impact and decreased quality of life. The most common disorders affecting musculoskeletal structures are osteoarthritis and tendinopathies, complicated orthopedic conditions responsible for major pain and debilitation. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a safe, effective, and minimally invasive therapeutic tool for treating these diseases. Several studies from bedside to clinical practice reveal the multiple benefits of HA such as lubrication, anti-inflammation, and stimulation of cellular activity associated with proliferation, differentiation, migration, and secretion of additional molecules. Collectively, these effects have demonstrated positive outcomes that assist in the regeneration of chondral and tendinous tissues which are otherwise destroyed by the predominant catabolic and inflammatory conditions seen in tissue injury. The literature describes the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of HA, their commercial product types, and clinical applications individually, while their interfaces are seldom reported. Our review addresses the frontiers of basic sciences, products, and clinical approaches. It provides physicians with a better understanding of the boundaries between the processes that lead to diseases, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to tissue repair, and the benefits of the HA types for a conscientious choice. In addition, it points out the current needs for the treatments.

Brazil is the second-largest producer and the first exporter of beef, with herds mainly raised in extensive pastures, where Megathyrsus maximus occupies over 30 Mha. About 70% of the pastures are under degradation, and using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may contribute to reversing this scenario. We investigated the effects of PGPB on the growth of six cultivars of M. maximus—Tanzania-1, Massai, BRS Zuri, Mombaça, BRS Tamani, and BRS Quênia—under greenhouse conditions. Plants were inoculated, or not, with the elite strains of Azospirillum brasilense CNPSo 2083 + CNPSo 2084, Bacillus subtilis CNPSo 2657, Pseudomonas fluorescens CNPSo 2719, or Rhizobium tropici CNPSo 103. At 35 days after emergence, plants were evaluated for ten root growth traits, shoot dry weight, and the levels of macro and micronutrients accumulated in shoots. Several root traits were increased due to inoculation in all genotypes, impacting plant growth and nutrient uptake. Despite the differences in effectiveness, all genotypes benefited from PGPB to some degree, but Mombaça and BRS Zuri were more responsive. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that bacterial species differed in their capacity to colonize seeds and rootlets. The results show that inoculation with elite PGPB strains may represent an important strategy for the sustainability of M. maximus pastures.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo resgatar e reexaminar as interpretações analíticas de autores, já considerados clássicos das ciências sociais, que pensam o Brasil em torno da questão da democracia e o caráter do Estado que aqui se formou. Dessa forma, buscamos analisar o conjunto interpretativo de compreensão do pensamento social brasileiro em Raymundo Faoro, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda e Simon Schwartzam. Que em parte significativa têm destacado a forma de organização da política brasileira desde os seus primórdios e a ausência de condições mínimas para a existência da democracia no Brasil, bem como a reificação de uma condição patrimonial entre as relações sociais. Em outras palavras, destacaremos o enorme vigor do poder privado no Brasil desde os tempos coloniais, o qual se cristalizou como um verdadeiro empecilho para a democratização do país, logo para seu processo de modernização.

O grupo do Programa de educação tutorial (PET) Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA) foi fundado em 1995 e mantém desde o início o objetivo principal: proporcionar, através da tutoria, o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, ensino e extensão. Esse objetivo é atingido em diversas atividades desenvolvidas pelos integrantes do grupo, podendo observar o cumprimento do tripé correspondente à extensão através de ações como as Feiras vocacionais, exposições e eventos em escolas da rede pública e particular de Belém e localidades vizinhas. Nestes eventos, os integrantes do grupo têm a oportunidade de divulgar para a comunidade local o curso de agronomia, a atuação profissional do Engenheiro Agrônomo, além da troca de experiências, o sanamento de dúvidas sobre a graduação e a exposição de atividades aos candidatos ao processo seletivo para assim possibilitar melhor embasamento à tomada de decisão dos mesmos. Por meio de ações como esta, o grupo PET também expõe o que é o PET e o que significa ser petiano dentro da universidade ampliando horizontes dentro da comunidade acadêmica para o futuro calouro, visando estabelecer e evidenciar o elo entre a universidade e a comunidade civil fortalecido pelas atividades extensionistas realizada pelos discentes, em conjunto com docentes e corpo técnico da instituição. As ações aconteceram no período dos anos 2017 a 2019 em escolas e feiras vocacionais. Observou-se grande interesse de estudantes do ensino médio atraídos principalmente pela exposição de insetos e plantas, os quais em grande parte nem sequer sabiam a atuação do curso como, por exemplo, que é um curso de engenharia, que podem atuar na área de biológicas, produção animal e ciências humanas voltadas a área agrária. Foi observado também que muitos estudantes se inclinaram a seguir esta área como área de atuação profissional.

ABSTRACT Although Brazilian Sign Language - Libras - was legally recognized in 2002 as the national language for deaf people, their access to interpreted information (i.e., information in their own language), especially in the media, is still very precarious. In the context of the pandemic, having access to information and guidance in one’s first language can be decisive in caring for and maintaining life. With this in mind, this paper aims at pointing out the barriers experienced by deaf people in Brazil, considering the absence of Brazilian Sign Language translators and interpreters in mainstream journalism and in channels of organizations that are responsible for explanations and guidelines regarding care and prevention. We also seek to reflect about the socio-emotional effects caused by the lack of clear information, and how this may risk causing excessive concern and panic. In order to achieve that, we adopt a qualitative perspective of investigation stemming from the collection of testimonies from deaf people about their experiences in the context of the pandemic. The testimonials, collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire, allowed us to point out the urgency for greater accessibility in the media context, and the risks resulting from the absence of accurate information both for deaf and hearing people.

ABSTRACT: This research studied the morphology of seeds and seedlings, in addition to obtaining information about the type and time of germination of sweet lemon seeds in five substrates (on blotting paper, between blotting paper, on washed sterilized sand, between washed sterilized sand and in paper roll). C. limetta seeds were measured, and external description was performed. Afterwards, sown in the sand and kept at 25 ºC to monitoring germination and morphological description of the resulting seedlings. A second experiment was evaluated for substrate efficiency: paper roll, on and between paper, on and between sand in the germination of C. limetta seeds. Speed index, average time and relative frequency of germination were evaluated. In addition, date of the first and last germination count was established. Treatment averages were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. C. limetta seeds are ovoid, slightly wrinkled and polyembryonic. Germination is hypogeal, cryptocotylar or phanerocotylar. The seedlings have leathery eophylls with simple leaves, elliptical shape or close to the elliptical, tending to ovate. It has a pivoting root system that is colored yellow to cream with the presence of secondary roots. The average germination time is between 18 and 22 days. The substrate indicated for seed germination is on paper.

BackgroundRadiation proctitis affects 1-20% of cancer patients undergoing radiation exposure due to pelvic malignancies, including prostate, gynecological and rectum cancers. The patients manifest rectal discomfort, pain, discharge, and bleeding. Notably, the efficacy of prophylactic measures remains controversial due to the lack of adequate animal models that mimic this condition.ObjectiveThe present study then aimed to develop a murine model of high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy-induced proctitis.Material/MethodsC57BL/6 male mice were subjected to HDR (radiation source: iridium-192 [Ir-192]) through a cylindrical propylene tube inserted 2 cm far from the anal verge into the rectum. The animals received radiation doses once a day for three consecutive days (fractions of 9.5 Grays [Gy]), 3.0 mm far from the applicator surface. The sham group received only the applicator with no radiation source. The survival rate was recorded, and a colonoscopy was performed to confirm the tissue lesion development. Following euthanasia, samples of the rectum were collected for histopathology, cytokines dosage (IL-6 and KC), and immunohistochemical analysis (TNF-α and COX-2).ResultsHDR significantly reduced animals’ survival ten days post first radiation exposure (14% survival vs. 100% in the non-irradiated group). Day seven was then used for further investigation. Mice exposed to radiation presented with rectum injury confirmed by colonoscopy and histopathology (P < 0.05 vs. the control group). The tissue damage was accompanied by an inflammatory response, marked by increased KC and IL-6 tissue levels, and immunostaining for TNF-α and COX-2 (P < 0.05 vs. control group).ConclusionsWe established a novel animal model of actinic proctitis induced by HDR brachytherapy, marked by inflammatory damage and low animal mortality.

O presente artigo busca demonstrar a relevância e pertinência da governança global frente a questão ambiental. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar desafios que se colocam à consolidação de um sistema de governança ambiental global. Considerando que a questão ambiental diz respeito a um bem público global, sobrepondo-se, pois, aos limites estabelecidos pelas fronteiras físicas dos Estados-Nação, a fragmentação da estrutura organizacional do sistema de governança transnacional em vigor atualmente. Aborda, de modo teórico, a atuação de diferentes atores com o propósito de por meio da governança Global de encontrar soluções viáveis e aplicáveis diante das limitações sistêmicas para a proteção do meio ambiente, pautado no desenvolvimento sustentável, possibilitadora de condições ambientais dignas para as futuras gerações.