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Background: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may reveal sonographically occult ocular abnormalities. When discovered, acquired causes and genetic associations must be sought. Objective: We aim to evaluate a fetal cohort with orbit and/or globe malformations to determine whether there are imaging patterns that suggest the underlying cause. Materials and methods: We searched all fetal MRI reports performed at an academic children's hospital over 9 consecutive years for orbit and/or globe abnormalities. Each positive exam and all follow-up MRIs were evaluated for interocular distance, globe size, shape and signal, and brain malformations. Genetic and clinical diagnoses were recorded from the medical record. Results: Seventy-six of 3,085 fetuses (2.5%) were diagnosed with ocular and/or globe abnormalities; 50% had postnatal follow-up MR exams, all confirming the fetal MRI findings. Ninety-two percent (70/76) had concurrent brain malformations. Sixty-seven percent (51/76) were diagnosed with an underlying disorder and 39% of these were genetically proven. The most common diagnoses with ocular globe abnormalities included CHARGE (coloboma of the eye, heart anomaly, choanal atresia, retardation and genital and ear anomalies) syndrome, trisomy 13 syndrome, dystroglycanopathy, holoprosencephaly and diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia. Genetic diagnoses were more likely with ocular globe abnormalities than isolated orbital abnormalities (P=0.04). Sixty-seven percent of fetuses with ocular calcifications, hemorrhage and/or lens abnormalities had potential maternal risk factors (P=0.03). Conclusion: Malformed ocular globes are associated with brain malformations and genetic abnormalities. Ocular calcifications, hemorrhage and/or lens abnormalities may be associated with maternal risk factors. Genetic work-up should be considered when an ocular globe size or shape abnormality is detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hungarian presenters gave several papers on this project at cartographic conferences and published articles on the state of the work in the past decade. The project undertaken by the Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) serves the saving of cultural heritage, namely a globe, a significant work of art. The project is named after its maker, Perczel. The work, which lasted for more than ten years with interruptions, was crowned by the birth of three imposing artistic copies of the globe. This part of the project completed in half a year was organized by the Archiflex Studio and led by Zsuzsanna Lente, restorer artist. The first copy decorates the office of the Hungarian prime minister in the former Carmelite cloister in the Buda Castle. The second copy is placed in the National Széchényi Library, where the original globe is kept. The third copy went to the University Library of ELTE. The physical embodiment of the globe makes it a real public property: Perczel's globe is a work of art that represents great scientific and cultural values.The present paper reviews shortly the manuscript globe made by Perczel in 1862, and presents the stages of the digital re-creation and restoration of the globe map carried out at the Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics at ELTE, which led to its physical reconstruction, the birth of its artistic copies. Finally, some cartographic "juicy bits" follow: the representation of non-existent "ghost" islands on the globe and some interesting graphical solutions that are unusual today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the Perczel Project outlined by Mátyás Márton in 2007 at the Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics of Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), the complete digital restoration and then reconstruction of the 127.5 cm diameter manuscript globe was completed in 2019. The final cartographic completion of the ongoing task at the department by 2013 – led by Mátyás Márton, the project manager, who carried out this work with the help of Judit Paksi –, which included the work of many lecturers and students, aimed at saving the globe.Using this augmented digital processing, it was also possible to create three artistic copies of Perczel's globe, which was originally made in 1862. This unique work of art, which has suffered irreparable damage due to the ordeals of the 20th century, is of great cultural value and also very important for our cartographic heritage, has been reborn.Following the digital reconstruction, there was a good opportunity to revive another related project. The website, "The interactive gazetteer of Perczel's globe", which was born as a result of the work of Zsuzsanna Ungvári and Tibor Tokai earlier, was also created with a new, expanded content. The present study presents the antecedents of gazetteer creation and describes the most important steps of current processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maps became increasingly affordable in England between the mid-seventeenth and mid-eighteenth centuries. A survey of inventories made for probate or compiled privately, personal library catalogues and atlas subscription lists shows that maps were owned by people from different levels of society and that, irrespective of status, the maps served two principal purposes: decoration and instruction. Mapmakers and sellers were aware of these interests and worded their advertisements accordingly, emphasizing the ornamental and intellectually 'useful' qualities of their maps. For their owners, the maps were usually deeply personal possessions. The different types of maps owned, and the ways they were used, tended to reflect an important aspect of the owners' identity, such as their travels, profession, family history and attachment to a particular place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay suggests that the Lord Chamberlain's Men's decision to name their reconstructed playing space the Globe in 1599 may have been a response to mounting English enthusiasm for terrestrial and celestial globes that was stimulated by Emery Molyneux's manufacture of the first pair of English globes in 1592. The essay surveys the history of early modern globe manufacture to offer some historical context for Molyneux's cartographic work; it analyzes the cartographic semantics of his globes; it traces the impact of his globes on the cartographic literature of the period; and it suggests that England's enthusiasm for globes influenced Shakespeare's theatrical career in multiple ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual globes enable the combination of heterogeneous datasets for optimal routing analyses in transportation, environmental ecology, and construction engineering. In this study, considering the advantages of the hierarchical tiling structure and topography of virtual globes, we propose a tile‐based optimal routing method for large‐scale road networks in a virtual globe. This method designs a topographically preserved road‐network tile model by partitioning roads into tiles and constructs the road‐network pyramid from the bottom to the top. During construction, a TileArc is calculated and flagged as the shortest path in a tile. Based on the built road‐network pyramid carrying hierarchical TileArcs, a multi‐level and flexible shortest path query can be executed efficiently. The proposed method is implemented with large road networks with different road grades in a virtual globe. Experimental results verify its validity, efficiency, and exactness. Moreover, the length of the shortest path with surface distance is approximately 1.3 times longer than that with Euclidean distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the same way that discrete global grid systems (DGGS) are used to index data on the spherical Earth, they can aggregate point data, with their spherical polygons serving as bins. DGGS are particularly useful at multiple map scales because they are spatially hierarchical and exist on the sphere or ellipsoid, allowing large or small scale binning without projection distortion. We use DGGS in a free and open-source pedagogical tool for teaching students about the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Our software application uses Dutton's quaternary triangular mesh (QTM) to bin global data points geodesically with counts or measures of any theme at multiple levels. Users can interactively select the level to which the data are binned by the QTM, as well as translate the whole tessellation east or west so that points fall into and out of different bins. These two functions illustrate the scaling and zoning aspects of the MAUP with dynamically-drawn choropleths on the surface of a virtual globe that the user can zoom and rotate, allowing visualization at virtually any cartographic scale. Users may also select various quantile classifications to further explore issues in visualizing aggregate data. In addition to presenting this new tool, we highlight the importance, especially at smaller scales, of using geodesic point-in-polygon intersection detection, rather than the projected 2D methods typically used by geographic information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the early modern period, the intellectual and symbolic value of globes ensured these objects enjoyed a broad cultural appeal. Consequently, their design was subject to a wide range of social, commercial and intellectual pressures. The ways in which the intellectual and cultural concerns of seventeenth-century England became manifest in the cartographic design, resulting in a culturally specific product with broad appeal to an English audience, are highlighted in the case of a terrestrial globe constructed by Robert Morden, William Berry and Philip Lea, c.1683−1690, now in the Whipple Museum, Cambridge. Since this particular globe was produced at an early stage in the history of English globe making, light is shed on the emergence of a national globe-making tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution aims to examine the scientific relationship between Giuseppe Toaldo and Jérôme Lalande, focusing on two works by the French astronomer which Toaldo translated into Italian. The first text is the Abregé d' Astronomie (Compendio d'Astronomia , Padova: Stamperia del Seminario, 1777), addressed to students of astronomy; the second one is the Astronomie des Dames (Astronomia delle Dame , [Venezia]: Giacomo Storti, 1796), written for a female public to which Toaldo interestingly added the appendix Astronomia de' Gentiluomini (Venezia, 1797). These works clearly testify Toaldo's deep interest in the teaching and spreading of astronomy, an interest Toaldo shared with Lalande. The contacts between the two astronomers we will be displaying will also allow us to make some hypothesis about two splendid globes, a terrestrial and a celestial one. It is unknown how they arrived in the library of the Episcopal Seminar of Padova, where they are preserved today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses globus cruciger, a cross-topped orb or globe, and the Spanish empire during the Enlightenment. Topics include the interrelationship between science and religion, the symbolic meanings of the globus cruciger, it's use as regalia, the scientific and philosophic understandings of spheres and ellipses, and the Jesuits spread of Western and Christian symbolism.

We investigated the role of urbanization in the conventional environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) of the globe. The overall population and rural population were also considered for control purposes. Based on our findings, we suggest that the conventional EKC of the globe is not an inverted U-shape but becomes downward sloping when urban development is added and inverted U-shapes when the overall population and rural population volumes are added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports in detail on the image-based modelling and unwrapping approach used to create a two-dimensional projected map of an astonishing ostrich egg globe from AD 1504. This miniature egg globe is not only the oldest extant engraved globe, but it is also the oldest post-Columbian globe of the world and the first ever to depict Newfoundland and many other territories. The intention of digitally recording the surface geometry and colour of this unique artefact was to portray the original layout of the world map used by the Florentine Renaissance artist to make this globe. In addition, it was expected to substantiate iconographical details, which are hard to study at its scale of 1:80,000,000. The ostrich egg globe is the prototype of the Lenox Globe kept at the New York Public Library. The latter is very beneficial to examine how the egg globe looked like before being glued together at its equator. On the other hand, unfolding the map engraved in the ostrich egg halves enables a more detailed study of the remarkable details visible on both globes, since the engravings on the quasi-white egg surface are much easier to discern than those of the highly reflective red copper Lenox Globe. Finally, a detailed study of the unwrapped 3D surface is essential to learn more about the world vision of its creator and the incredible efforts that went into making this globe. Thanks to some particular pictographic details as well as the way in which the engravings are applied (by a left-handed person), the globe artist can be identified as Leonardo da Vinci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on an undated letter written by Franciscan monk, Franciscus Monachus, to his patron, Jean de Carondelet, titular Archbishop of Palermo. It mentions that the letter, a treatise on geography, was published as a booklet in Antwerp under the title of De Orbis Situ ac Descriptione, wherein its title page was illustrated with a map of the world in two hemispheres and explained a globe constructed by Gaspard van de Heyden for Carondele.

The article discusses the development, adoption. and use of discrete global grid system and discusses the science of geodesy. It discusses the curvature of the earth and its use for finding geographic information. It also focuses on geographic information systems (GIS) and digital maps and development of the implementation of digital globe. It also discusses discrete global grid systems (DGGS) and research for it.

Determining the coordinates of an arbitrary position anywhere on the Earth’s surface was a utopia of many astronomers, geographers and cartographers for centuries. This journey, up to the present day, the century of satellite navigation, which brings results of meter accuracy, was long and difficult, accompanied by speculation, delusions and ingenious inventions. Cartographers played undoubtedly significant role in that area. Essential works of pioneers of cartography from the old ages to Mercator are presented in this paper. With his proposal of conformal cylindrical projection, Mercator left as heritage a work on which all navigation (maritime and aerial) maps and state coordinate systems of numerous European and non-European countries are based on.

Copyright of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte is the property of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes the process of digitalization of old globes that brings with it the possibility to use globes in their digital form. Created digital models are available to the general public through modern technology in the Internet network. This gives an opportunity to study old globes located in various historical collections, and prevent damage of the originals. Another benefit of digitization is also a possibility of comparing different models both among themselves and with current map data by increasing the transparency of individual layers. Digitization is carried out using special device that allows digitizing globes with a diameter ranging from 5 cm to 120 cm. This device can be easily disassembled, and it is fully mobile therefore the globes can be digitized in the place of its storage. Image data of globe surface are acquired by digital camera firmly fastened to the device. Acquired image data are then georeferenced by using a method of complex adjustment. The last step of digitization is publication of the final models that is realized by two ways. The first option is in the form of 3D model through JavaScript library Cesium or Google Earth plug-in in the Web browser. The second option is as a georeferenced map using Tile Map Service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines theories regarding the identity of the terrestrial globe based on the Heemskerck, a map referred to by Abel Tasman and his group during their exploration voyages in 1642 to 1643. Topics discussed include the features of the map which is referred to as the Great Chart of the South Sea, a journal reference of the voyage which is preserved in the Dutch National Archives at the Hague, and the credibility of Tasman's globe identification according to historian Helen Wallis.

This article discusses a world map in two hemispheres (ca.1538-39) by Frenchman Jean Mallard, whose stated aim was to draw a world map showing the results of French voyages. The outcome may be the earliest to show an imagined southern continent with a promontory extending north of the Tropic of Capricorn, south of modern day Indonesia. The promontory is named 'La Gatigare.' The map has been described as a prototype of the Dieppe school charts, and La Gatigare as a typical outline of Java-la-Grande. The argument presented is that there are material differences between Mallard's map and the Dieppe charts leading to the conclusion La Gatigare is not an early example of Java-la-Grande. It is suggested that Mallard's map should be looked upon not as a part of, but as a forerunner to, the Dieppe school of cartographers. The article also discusses two maps from the 1590s, of Portuguese origin, with similar promontories of the assumed southern continent extending north towards the Indonesian islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on invariant ratio of volume to surface area of solids called globes. It mentions the application that determines the lateral surface area of an elliptical wedge in terms of its volume. It highlights the relation of surface areas and volumes of corresponding zonal slices of a spheroid and sinoid via the eccentricity of an ellipse.

An analysis of the annual mean temperature (TMEAN) (1961–2010) has revealed that warming amplification (altitudinal amplification and regional amplification) is a common feature of major high-elevation regions across the globe against the background of global warming since the mid-20th century. In this study, the authors further examine whether this holds for annual mean minimum temperature (TMIN) and annual mean maximum temperature (TMAX) (1961–2010) on a global scale. The extraction method of warming component of altitude, and the paired region comparison method were used in this study. Results show that a significant altitudinal amplification trend in TMIN (TMAX) is detected in all (four) of the six high-elevation regions tested, and the average magnitude of altitudinal amplification trend for TMIN (TMAX) [0.306±0.086 °C km-1(0.154±0.213 °C km-1)] is substantially larger (smaller) than TMEAN (0.230±0.073 °C km-1) during the period 1961–2010. For the five paired high- and low-elevation regions available, regional amplification is detected in the four high-elevation regions for TMIN and TMAX (respectively or as a whole). Qualitatively, highly (largely) consistent results are observed for TMIN (TMAX) compared with those for TMEAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common assumption in the West is that distance and space are no longer key considerations in strategy and politics. ‘Over there’, the argument goes, can quickly and dangerously become ‘over here’. Yet, as Patrick Porter contends, this is a dangerous fallacy that distorts Western strategy. A proper consideration of the role of distance should not lead to disengagement or isolation, but rather to a more selective and considered – and thus more flexible – foreign and security policy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Bosniaca is the property of National & University Library of Bosnia & Herzegovina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We reduce an exact solution of the 3D Navier--Stokes equation (Muriel, 2011) [1] to two dimensions to model flow on the surface of a globe, producing the following results: (a) an analytic discovery of the time evolution of two streams, one each above and below the equator, (b) analytic speed-up of modeling bypassing iterative numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]