70 results on '"Fusobacterium mortiferum"'
Search Results
2. First case of bacteremia caused by Cetobacterium somerae following necrotizing cholecystitis.
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Arakawa, Yu, Yagi, Yusuke, Kamioka, Saya, Nishida, Yoshie, Tadashi, Ariyoshi, Mikamo, Hiroshige, and Yamagishi, Yuka
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BACTEREMIA , *GRAM-negative anaerobic bacteria , *CHOLECYSTITIS , *AUTISTIC children , *Q fever , *AUTISM in children , *FRESHWATER fishes - Abstract
Cetobacterium somerae, a gram-negative anaerobic rod, first identified in the feces of children with autism, also colonize freshwater fish intestinal tract. However there have been no reports of human C. somerae infection. Here, we describe the first case of C. somerae bacteremia in a patient with necrotizing cholecystitis. A 72-year-old male presented to the emergency department with chills, vomiting, and fever and was diagnosed with acute necrotizing cholecystitis. An emergency cholecystectomy was performed and the following day, two sets of blood culture were positive for gram-negative bacilli. Identification of C. somerae from the biochemical profile was difficult but possible by mass spectrometry and 16s rRNA sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Primary hypogammaglobulinemia presenting with prostate abscess and Fusobacterium mortiferum bacteremia in a 28-year-old man
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Chun Min Kang, Chien Hung Lu, Chun Fu Huang, Ting Yuan Lan, Chun Hua Liao, Chien-Chin Lin, Wang Da Liu, Chien-Ching Hung, and Yao-Hsu Yang
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Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Prostatitis ,Microbiology ,Gastroenterology ,Hypogammaglobulinemia ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Prostate ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Abscess ,Primary immunodeficiency ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Common variable immunodeficiency disease ,medicine.disease ,QR1-502 ,Humoral immunity ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Bacteremia ,Invasive pneumococcal infection ,business - Published
- 2022
4. Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiome revealed potential microbial marker set for diagnosis of pediatric myasthenia gravis
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Pei Jia, Congya Yan, Yongzhao Li, Shanshan Gu, Xiaoting Lin, Yinping Xue, Yiqi Jiang, Guoyan Qi, Yaxuan Wang, Hongxia Yang, and Peng Liu
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Adult ,SCFAs ,0301 basic medicine ,Prevotella ,Firmicutes ,Microbial marker ,Physiology ,Gut flora ,Pathogenesis ,Feces ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Bacteroides ,Humans ,Adenovirus ,Medicine ,Child ,Myasthenia gravis ,Clostridiales ,biology ,business.industry ,Megamonas hypermegale ,Area under the curve ,General Medicine ,Fusobacterium ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Megamonas funiformis ,030104 developmental biology ,Metagenome ,Metagenomics ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired immune-mediated disorder of the neuromuscular junction that causes fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue. Pediatric MG and adult MG have many different characteristics, and current MG diagnostic methods for children are not quite fit. Previous studies indicate that alterations in the gut microbiota may be associated with adult MG. However, it has not been determined whether the gut microbiota are altered in pediatric MG patients. Methods Our study recruited 53 pediatric MG patients and 46 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). We sequenced the fecal samples of recruited individuals using whole-genome shotgun sequencing and analyzed the data with in-house bioinformatics pipeline. Results We built an MG disease classifier based on the abundance of five species, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Prevotella stercorea, Prevotella copri, Megamonas funiformis, and Megamonas hypermegale. The classifier obtained 94% area under the curve (AUC) in cross-validation and 84% AUC in the independent validation cohort. Gut microbiome analysis revealed the presence of human adenovirus F/D in 10 MG patients. Significantly different pathways and gene families between MG patients and HC belonged to P. copri, Clostridium bartlettii, and Bacteroides massiliensis. Based on functional annotation, we found that the gut microbiome affects the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and we confirmed the decrease in SCFA levels in pediatric MG patients via serum tests. Conclusions The study indicated that altered fecal microbiota might play vital roles in pediatric MG’s pathogenesis by reducing SCFAs. The microbial markers might serve as novel diagnostic methods for pediatric MG.
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- 2021
5. Colonic Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Splenic Abscess Secondary to Suspected Microperforation
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Tyler J. Torrico, Alan Scott Ragland, Tushar Bajaj, and Emily D. Fitzsimmons
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Epidemiology ,Colorectal cancer ,Colonoscopy ,Case Report ,Bacteremia ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,lcsh:Pathology ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Abscess ,Splenic Diseases ,lcsh:R5-920 ,adenocarcinoma ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Fusobacterium ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,colon cancer ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Adenocarcinoma ,Abdomen ,Histopathology ,Female ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,splenic abscess ,Safety Research ,lcsh:RB1-214 - Abstract
Splenic abscesses are a rare infection that usually requires seeding from another primary source; however, direct contact of bacteria can occur with microperforation secondary to colon cancer leading to abscess formation. This occurrence is rare, and through literature review only 12 previous cases have been reported with associated bacteremia. Our patient is a 62-year-old female who presented with left upper quadrant pain with a history of tobacco and alcohol abuse that was febrile and hypoxic. Blood cultures were obtained that eventually grew Fusobacterium mortiferum. Computed tomography of the abdomen and the pelvis revealed 2 splenic abscesses that were cultured to grow Escherichia coli and β-hemolytic Streptococcus group C. Colonoscopy was performed, which identified 2 masses that were biopsied, and histopathology confirmed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with possible muscular invasion. The patient had no other identifiable risk factors for bacterial seeding from another primary source. We present the first reported case report of splenic abscess secondary to colonic adenocarcinoma suspected microperforation associated with Fusobacterium mortiferum bacteremia.
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- 2020
6. Classification of Changes in the Fecal Microbiota Associated with Colonic Adenomatous Polyps Using a Long-Read Sequencing Platform
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Po Li Wei, Tzu Hao Chang, Yi Wei Kao, Ching Sheng Hung, Jung Chun Lin, Ying Chin Lin, Ben Chang Shia, and Cheng Yang Lee
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Adenomatous polyps ,Colorectal cancer ,Prevotella ,Physiology ,Gut flora ,medicine.disease_cause ,Adenomatous Polyps ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,fluids and secretions ,Bacteroides ,Oxford nanopore technology ,Genetics (clinical) ,Clostridiales ,biology ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Fecal microbiota ,Fusobacterium ,Middle Aged ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Occult Blood ,Female ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Adult ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Colonic Polyps ,colorectal cancer ,digestive system ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Pathological ,Aged ,gut microbiota ,adenomatous polyp ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,lcsh:Genetics ,stomatognathic diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Klebsiella pneumonia ,Carcinogenesis - Abstract
The microbiota is the community of microorganisms that colonizes the oral cavity, respiratory tract, and gut of multicellular organisms. The microbiota exerts manifold physiological and pathological impacts on the organism it inhabits. A growing body of attention is being paid to host&ndash, microbiota interplay, which is highly relevant to the development of carcinogenesis. Adenomatous polyps are considered a common hallmark of colorectal cancer, the second leading cause of carcinogenesis-mediated death worldwide. In this study, we examined the relevance between targeted operational taxonomic units and colonic polyps using short- and long-read sequencing platforms. The gut microbiota was assessed in 132 clinical subjects, including 53 healthy participants, 36 patients with occult blood in the gut, and 43 cases with adenomatous polyps. An elevation in the relative abundance of Klebsiella pneumonia, Fusobacterium varium, and Fusobacterium mortiferum was identified in patients with adenomatous polyps compared with the other groups using long-read sequencing workflow. In contrast, the relatively high abundances of Blautia luti, Bacteroides plebeius, and Prevotella copri were characterized in the healthy groups. The diversities in gut microbiota communities were similar in all recruited samples. These results indicated that alterations in gut microbiota were characteristic of participants with adenomatous polyps, which might be relevant to the further development of CRC. These findings provide a potential contribution to the early prediction and interception of CRC occurrence.
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- 2020
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7. California condor microbiomes: Bacterial variety and functional properties in captive-bred individuals
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Jonathan L. Longmire, Andrew W. Bartlow, Jeanne M. Fair, Judith D. Cohn, Joel Berendzen, Benjamin H. McMahon, Marti Jenkins, Lindsey Jacobs, Momchilo Vuyisich, Cheryl D. Gleasner, and Nicolas W. Hengartner
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Molecular biology ,DNA cloning ,Animal Phylogenetics ,Bird Genomics ,Biochemistry ,Polymerases ,Data Management ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Shotgun sequencing ,food and beverages ,Eukaryota ,Phylogenetic Analysis ,Genomics ,Phylogenetics ,Medical Microbiology ,RNA polymerase ,Vertebrates ,Medicine ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Science ,Population ,Zoology ,Microbial Genomics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Birds ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,DNA-binding proteins ,Genetics ,Animals ,Evolutionary Systematics ,education ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Sequencing Techniques ,Feces ,Lactobacillus johnsonii ,Taxonomy ,Shotgun Sequencing ,Evolutionary Biology ,Biology and life sciences ,Organisms ,Proteins ,16S ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Metagenomics ,Animal Genomics ,Amniotes ,Microbiome ,Cloning - Abstract
Around the world, scavenging birds such as vultures and condors have been experiencing drastic population declines. Scavenging birds have a distinct digestive process to deal with higher amounts of bacteria in their primary diet of carcasses in varying levels of decay. These observations motivate us to present an analysis of captive and healthy California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) microbiomes to characterize a population raised together under similar conditions. Shotgun metagenomic DNA sequences were analyzed from fecal and cloacal samples of captive birds. Classification of shotgun DNA sequence data with peptide signatures using the Sequedex package provided both phylogenetic and functional profiles, as well as individually annotated reads for targeted confirmatory analysis. We observed bacterial species previously associated with birds and gut microbiomes, including both virulent and opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens, Propionibacterium acnes, Shigella flexneri, and Fusobacterium mortiferum, common flora such as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus ruminus, and Bacteroides vulgatus, and mucosal microbes such as Delftia acidovorans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Corynebacterium falsnii. Classification using shotgun metagenomic reads from phylogenetic marker genes was consistent with, and more specific than, analysis based on 16S rDNA data. Classification of samples based on either phylogenetic or functional profiles of genomic fragments differentiated three types of samples: fecal, mature cloacal and immature cloacal, with immature birds having approximately 40% higher diversity of microbes.
- Published
- 2019
8. A rare case of rectal bleeding and Fusobacterium mortiferum sepsis due to solitary fibrous tumour originating from the mesentery
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Tony Oliver, Khizar Hamid, Kayla Hoerschgen, and Swaminathan Perinkulam Sathyanarayanan
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Solitary fibrous tumor ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Abdominal pain ,biology ,business.industry ,Solitary fibrous tumour ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Sepsis ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fusobacterium ,Rare case ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Mesentery ,business - Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumours that are mostly seen in the pleura. Lately, they have also been described in other locations. Recent discovery of the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene which is specific for SFTs has led to an accurate diagnosis of SFTs. The occurrence of SFTs in the mesentery is very rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of a 63-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and Fusobacterium bacteraemia, who was ultimately found to have a mesenteric SFT.
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- 2021
9. Detection, isolation and characterization of Fusobacterium gastrosuis sp. nov. colonizing the stomach of pigs
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Annemieke Smet, Freddy Haesebrouck, Margo Cnockaert, Bernard Taminiau, Peter Vandamme, E. De Bruyne, Bram Flahou, Georges Daube, Richard Ducatelle, and C. De Witte
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DNA, Bacterial ,0301 basic medicine ,Swine ,Biology ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cytosol ,Clostridium ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Fusobacterium ulcerans ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Clostridium rectum ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Anaerobiosis ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Base Composition ,Fatty Acids ,Stomach ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Fusobacterium ,16S ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,stomatognathic diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Fusobacterium necrogenes ,Fusobacterium Infections ,Fusobacterium russii - Abstract
Nine strains of a novel Fusobacterium sp. were isolated from the stomach of 6-8 months old and adult pigs. The isolates were obligately anaerobic, although they endured 2h exposure to air. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrase B genes demonstrated that the isolates showed high sequence similarity with Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium ulcerans, Fusobacterium varium, Fusobacterium russii and Fusobacterium necrogenes, but formed a distinct lineage in the genus Fusobacterium. Comparative analysis of the genome of the type strain of this novel Fusobacterium sp. confirmed that it is different from other recognized Fusobacterium spp. DNA-DNA hybridization, fingerprinting and genomic %GC determination further supported the conclusion that the isolates belong to a new, distinct species. The isolates were also distinguishable from these and other Fusobacterium spp. by phenotypical characterization. The strains produced indole and exhibited proline arylamidase and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. They did not hydrolyse esculin, did not exhibit pyroglutamic acid arylamidase, valine arylamidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-galactosidase-6-phosphate or α-glucosidase activity nor produced acid from cellobiose, glucose, lactose, mannitol, mannose, maltose, raffinose, saccharose, salicin or trehalose. The major fatty acids were C16:0 and C18:1ω9c. The name Fusobacterium gastrosuis sp. nov. is proposed for the novel isolates with the type strain CDW1(T) (=DSM 101753(T)=LMG 29236(T)). We also demonstrated that Clostridium rectum and mortiferum Fusobacterium represent the same species, with nomenclatural priority for the latter.
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- 2017
10. Patchouli Essential Oil and Its Derived Compounds Revealed Prebiotic-Like Effects in C57BL/6J Mice
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Imran Khan, W.L. Wendy Hsiao, Yu-Cui Li, Xiaoang Li, Waikit Leong, Zi-Ren Su, Ruixuan Han, Guoxin Huang, Yu-Hong Liu, and Wenrui Xia
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0301 basic medicine ,food.ingredient ,patchouli essential oil ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gut flora ,law.invention ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,food ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,law ,Lactobacillus ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Essential oil ,Original Research ,Pharmacology ,gut microbiota ,biology ,Chemistry ,Prebiotic ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,pogostone ,biology.organism_classification ,β-patchoulene ,patchouli alcohol ,Pogostemon ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Patchouli ,Bacteria - Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (PC) is a Chinese medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms. To investigate the prebiotic effect of patchouli essential oil (PEO) and its derived compounds through the modulation of gut microbiota (GM). C57BL/6J mice were treated with the PEO and three active components of PEO, i.e. patchouli alcohol (PA), pogostone (PO) and β-patchoulene (β-PAE) for 15 consecutive days. Fecal samples and mucosa were collected for GM biomarkers studies. PEO, PA, PO, and β-PAE improve the gut epithelial barrier by altering the status of E-cadherin vs. N-cadherin expressions, and increasing the mucosal p-lysozyme and Muc 2. Moreover, the treatments also facilitate the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophage phenotypes, meanwhile, suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fecal microbial DNAs were analyzed and evaluated for GM composition by ERIC-PCR and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The GM diversity was increased with the treated groups compared to the control. Further analysis showed that some known short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, e.g. Anaerostipes butyraticus, Butytivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium jejuense, Eubacterium uniforme, and Lactobacillus lactis were significantly enriched in the treated groups. In addition, the key SCFAs receptors, GPR 41, 43 and 109a, were significantly stimulated in the gut epithelial layer of the treated mice. By contract, the relative abundance of pathogens Sutterlla spp., Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Helicobacter spp. were distinctly reduced by the treatments with PEO and β-PAE. Our findings provide insightful information that the microbiota/host dynamic interaction may play a key role for the pharmacological activities of PEO, PA, PO, and β-PAE.
- Published
- 2019
11. An uncharacterized FMAG_01619 protein from Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC 9817 demonstrates that some bacterial macrodomains can also act as poly-ADP-ribosylhydrolases
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José F. Hidalgo, Antonio Ginés García-Saura, Fernando Gil-Ortiz, Juana Cabanes, Álvaro Sánchez-Ferrer, and Rubén Zapata-Pérez
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0301 basic medicine ,Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose ,Hydrolases ,Viral pathogenesis ,Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ,lcsh:Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Bacterial Proteins ,Protein Domains ,Immunity ,medicine ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Catalytic efficiency ,lcsh:Science ,N-Glycosyl Hydrolases ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,Multidisciplinary ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Phylogenetic tree ,Protein Stability ,Toxin ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Temperature ,Fusobacterium ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,Apoptosis ,lcsh:Q ,Thiolester Hydrolases ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Macrodomains constitute a conserved fold widely distributed that is not only able to bind ADP-ribose in its free and protein-linked forms but also can catalyse the hydrolysis of the latter. They are involved in the regulation of important cellular processes, such as signalling, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and in host-virus response, and for this, they are considered as promising therapeutic targets to slow tumour progression and viral pathogenesis. Although extensive work has been carried out with them, including their classification into six distinct phylogenetically clades, little is known on bacterial macrodomains, especially if these latter are able to remove poly(ADP-ribose) polymer (PAR) from PARylated proteins, activity that only has been confirmed in human TARG1 (C6orf130) protein. To extend this limited knowledge, we demonstrate, after a comprehensive bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis, that Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC 9817 TARG1 (FmTARG1) is the first bacterial macrodomain shown to have high catalytic efficiency towards O-acyl-ADP-ribose, even more than hTARG1, and towards mono- and poly(ADPribosyl)ated proteins. Surprisingly, FmTARG1 gene is also inserted into a unique operonic context, only shared by the distantly related Fusobacterium perfoetens ATCC 29250 macrodomain, which include an immunity protein 51 domain, typical of bacterial polymorphic toxin systems.
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- 2019
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12. Use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for prediction of new opportunistic pathogens in chicken ileal and cecal microbiota
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Magdalena Crhanova, Frantisek Sisak, Daniela Karasova, Ivan Rychlik, Miloslava Kollarcikova, Darina Čejková, and Tereza Kubasova
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Ileum ,Gut flora ,digestive system ,Microbiology ,Caecum ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cecum ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Helicobacter ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,medicine ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Bacteria ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Fusobacterium ,biology.organism_classification ,16S ribosomal RNA ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,stomatognathic diseases ,RNA, Bacterial ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Flock ,Chickens - Abstract
In this study, we addressed differences in the development of gut microbiota in 4 successive batches of commercially hatched broiler parent chickens. When planning this study, we expected to find a batch with compromised performance which would allow identification of microbiota of suboptimal composition. Microbiota composition was determined only by sequencing the V3/V4 region of 16S rRNA genes in samples collected from chickens 5 to 18 wk of age. In a total, 100 and 160 samples originating from the ileum or cecum were processed, respectively. In one of the flocks with suboptimal performance we identified an increased abundance of Helicobacter brantae forming over 80% of ileal microbiota in individual chickens. Moreover, we also tested samples of 53-wk-old hens from the same genetic line in which egg production decreased. In this case, cecal microbiota was enriched for Fusobacterium mortiferum forming over 30% of total cecal microbiota. Although none of the identified unusual microbiota members have been well recognized as pathogenic, they may represent new opportunistic pathogens of chickens worth of further investigation. Analysis of gut microbiota composition by next generation sequencing thus proved as a useful and unbiased alternative to bacterial culture, especially in the cases of unspecific symptoms like decrease in flock performance.
- Published
- 2018
13. Segmented filamentous bacteria in a defined bacterial cocktail induce intestinal inflammation in SCID mice reconstituted with CD45RBhigh CD4+ T cells
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Simon Read, Magda Strus, Tomas Hrncir, Olga Kofronova, Tomas Hudcovic, Paul W. Bland, Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova, Fiona Powrie, Pioter Heczko, Oldrich Benada, Holm H. Uhlig, Z Reháková, Hana Kozakova, and Renata Stepankova
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Adoptive cell transfer ,Segmented filamentous bacteria ,Spleen ,Mice, SCID ,Biology ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Microbiology ,Mice ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Intestinal mucosa ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Colitis ,Intestinal Mucosa ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Severe combined immunodeficiency ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Hyperplasia ,Gastroenterology ,Hypertrophy ,medicine.disease ,Flow Cytometry ,Adoptive Transfer ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Leukocyte Common Antigens - Abstract
Background: The aim was to analyze the influence of intestinal microbiota on the development of intestinal inflammation. We used the model of chronic inflammation that develops spontaneously in the colon of conventional severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice restored with the CD45 RBhigh subset of CD4+T cells isolated from the spleen of normal BALB/c mice. Methods: A CD4+CD45RBhigh subpopulation of T cells was purified from the spleen of conventional BALB/c mice by magnetic separation (MACS) and transferred into immunodeficient SCID mice. Germ-free (GF) SCID mice or SCID mice monoassociated with Enterococcus faecalis, SFB (segmented filamentous bacteria), Fusobacterium mortiferum, Bacteroides distasonis, and in combination Fusobacterium mortiferum + SFB or Bacteroides distasonis + SFB were used as recipients. SCID mice were colonized by a defined cocktail of specific pathogen-free (SPF) bacteria. Mice were evaluated 8–12 weeks after the cell transfer for clinical and morphological signs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Results: After the transfer of the CD4+CD45RBhigh T-cell subpopulation to SCID mice severe colitis was present in conventional animals and in mice colonized with a cocktail of SPF microflora plus SFB. Altered intestinal barrier in the terminal ileum of mice with severe colitis was documented by immunohistology using antibodies to ZO-1 (zona occludens). Conclusions: Only SFB bacteria together with a defined SPF mixture were effective in triggering intestinal inflammation in the model of IBD in reconstituted SCID mice, while no colitis was detected in GF mice or in mice colonized either with SPF microflora or monoassociated only with SFB or colonized by Bacteroides distasonis + SFB or Fusobacterium mortiferum + SFB. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007)
- Published
- 2016
14. California Condor Microbiomes
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Lindsey Jacobs, Jeanne M. Fair, Benjamin H. McMahon, Joel Berendzen, Marti Jenkins, Nicolas W. Hengartner, Judith D. Cohn, Cheryl D. Gleasner, Momchilo Vuyisich, and Jonathan L. Longmire
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Shigella flexneri ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,biology ,Delftia acidovorans ,Delftia ,Metagenomics ,Biophysics ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Ribosomal DNA ,DNA sequencing ,Microbiology ,Lactobacillus johnsonii - Abstract
We present a metagenomic analysis of California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) microbiomes with a goal of developing indicators of condor and ecosystem health. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and shotgun metagenomic DNA sequences were acquired from fecal and cloacal samples of captive birds. Detailed classification of shotgun DNA sequence data with the Sequedex analysis package provided both phylogenetic and functional profiles of all samples. We observed numerous bacterial species previously associated with birds and gut microbiomes, including both virulent and opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens, Propionibacterium acnes, Shigella flexneri, and Fusobacterium mortiferum, probiotics such as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus ruminus, and Bacteroides vulgatus, and mucosal microbes such as Delftia acidovorans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Corynebacterium falsnii. Classification using shotgun metagenomic reads from phylogenetic marker genes was consistent with, but more specific than, analysis based on 16S data. Classification of samples based on functional profiles of genomic fragments differentiated three distinct types of samples: fecal, mature cloacal, and immature cloacal. Statistical analysis of the determinants of sample classification indicated that fecal samples were enriched in metabolism-related genes involved in glycolysis, methionine degradation, maltose utilization, and butyrate production, while cloacal samples were enriched in aromatic metabolism, virulence genes, and membrane transporters. Our analysis was further supported by the recovery of protein sequences for phylogenetic analysis, such as the RNA polymerase of Delftia, a Shigella toxin, a nitrate reductase of Delftia, and beta lactamases from several species. Our work identifies several strategies by which metagenomic sequencing of condor microbiomes may inform us about condor diet, infections, intoxication, and other types of stress.
- Published
- 2017
15. Activities of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and Other Agents against Anaerobic Clinical Isolates
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James R. Osmolski and David W. Hecht
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Imipenem ,Indoles ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Quinolones ,Garenoxacin ,Microbiology ,Agar dilution ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Anti-Infective Agents ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Cefoxitin ,Chicago ,Pharmacology ,biology ,ved/biology ,Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ,Bacterial Infections ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Culture Media ,Trovafloxacin ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Susceptibility ,bacteria ,Bacteroides ,Fluoroquinolones ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A total of 590 clinical isolates consisting of 33 species of both gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes were collected from nine centers in the Chicago area in 1998-1999. The largest number of isolates (330 isolates, 56%) belonged to the Bacteroides group. Isolates were tested by agar dilution against garenoxacin (BMS-284756, T-3811 ME), trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, clindamycin, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefoxitin. All but one species (2% of Bacteroides vulgatus isolates) were fully susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. A number of species were resistant to clindamycin. Among the fluoroquinolones, garenoxacin and trovafloxacin had an MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited of Fusobacterium mortiferum / varium and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ).
- Published
- 2003
16. Update on the Taxonomy and Clinical Aspects of the GenusFusobacterium
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Diane M. Citron
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Microbiology (medical) ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,ved/biology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ,Fusobacterium ,Biology ,Subspecies ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,stomatognathic diseases ,Fusobacterium necrophorum ,Infectious Diseases ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Fusobacterium ulcerans ,Animals ,Humans ,Eubacterium ,Horses ,Phylogeny - Abstract
The genus Fusobacterium currently includes 13 species. Fusobacterium nucleatum, the most frequently encountered species in humans, is heterogeneous and currently includes 5 subspecies. A potentially new subspecies of F. nucleatum that is intrinsically quinolone-resistant and phylogenetically separate from the other 5 subspecies has been identified from dog and cat oral flora. Two subspecies have been described for Fusobacterium necrophorum, and a new species, Fusobacterium equinum, which is related to F. necrophorum, has been described from horse oral flora. Additional molecular studies have characterized Fusobacterium ulcerans as separate from the phenotypically similar Fusobacterium mortiferum and Fusobacterium varium. Fusobacterium sulci and Fusobacterium alocis have been reclassified as Eubacterium sulci and Filifactor alocis, respectively. Fusobacterium prausnitzii is phylogenetically related to the Eubacterium-like organisms and will likely be reclassified in the future. The status of the remaining species is unchanged.
- Published
- 2002
17. Metabolism of sucrose and its five isomers by Fusobacterium mortiferum
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Andreas Pikis, Stefan Immel, Stanley A. Robrish, and John F. Thompson
- Subjects
Sucrose ,alpha-Glucosidases ,Fructose ,Fusobacterium ,Escherichia coli O157 ,Microbiology ,Fructokinase ,Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ,Turanose ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Invertase ,Bacterial Proteins ,Isomerism ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Hydrolase ,Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System ,Energy source - Abstract
Fusobacterium mortiferum utilizes sucrose [glucose-fructose in alpha(1--2) linkage] and its five isomeric alpha-D-glucosyl-D-fructoses as energy sources for growth. Sucrose-grown cells are induced for both sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase (S6PH) and fructokinase (FK), but the two enzymes are not expressed above constitutive levels during growth on the isomeric compounds. Extracts of cells grown previously on the sucrose isomers trehalulose alpha(1--1), turanose alpha(1--3), maltulose alpha(1--4), leucrose alpha(1--5) and palatinose alpha(1--6) contained high levels of an NAD+ plus metal-dependent phospho-alpha-glucosidase (MalH). The latter enzyme was not induced during growth on sucrose. MalH catalysed the hydrolysis of the 6'-phosphorylated derivatives of the five isomers to yield glucose 6-phosphate and fructose, but sucrose 6-phosphate itself was not a substrate. Unexpectedly, MalH hydrolysed both alpha- and beta-linked stereomers of the chromogenic analogue p-nitrophenyl glucoside 6-phosphate. The gene malH is adjacent to malB and malR, which encode an EII(CB) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar:phosphotransferase system and a putative regulatory protein, respectively. The authors suggest that for F. mortiferum, the products of malB and malH catalyse the phosphorylative translocation and intracellular hydrolysis of the five isomers of sucrose and of related alpha-linked glucosides. Genes homologous to malB and malH are present in both Klebsiella pneumoniae and the enterohaemorrhagic strain Escherichia coli O157:H7. Both these organisms grew well on sucrose, but only K. pneumoniae exhibited growth on the isomeric compounds.
- Published
- 2002
18. 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences for analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus Fusobacterium
- Author
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Diane M. Citron, Kerin L. Tyrrell, Ellie J. C. Goldstein, G. Conrads, M. C. Claros, and Vreni Merriam
- Subjects
Genetics ,Base Sequence ,biology ,ved/biology ,Molecular Sequence Data ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,General Medicine ,Fusobacterium ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Fusobacterium periodonticum ,RNA, Ribosomal, 23S ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Species Specificity ,Fusobacterium naviforme ,Fusobacterium ulcerans ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Fusobacterium necrophorum ,DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fusobacterium russii ,DNA Primers - Abstract
The 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of all currently defined Fusobacterium species and related taxa such as Leptotrichia buccalis, Sebaldella termitidis and Streptobacillus moniliformans, were analysed to examine inter- and intraspecies as well as subspecies relationships. For the ITS-amplification, a new eubacterial universal primer pair was designed and used. The majority of the Fusobacterium strains, along with L. buccalis showed one major, and two to three weaker, distinct bands (short and long versions) with lengths of 800-830 bp and 1000-1100 bp. Nevertheless, six other patterns were also found within the genus Fusobacterium, demonstrating its heterogeneity. The ITS region was sequenced and found to consist both of conserved motifs, which functioned as a framework for alignment, and of variable sites, which provided high phylogenetic resolution. Analyses of the ITS-DNA sequences and ITS relative length (short version) allowed species and subspecies differentiation in most cases. The results confirmed the strikingly distant relationship between Fusobacterium prausnitzii and the genus Fusobacterium. Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies, along with Fusobacterium naviforme, Fusobacterium simiae and Fusobacterium periodonticum, formed a cluster with an inherently high potential for diversification. Other clusters were formed by Fusobacterium necrophorum subspecies with Fusobacterium gonidaformans and by Fusobacterium varium with Fusobacterium mortiferum and Fusobacterium ulcerans. Fusobacterium russii as well as Fusobacterium perfoetens formed separate branches. Fusobacterium necrophorum subspp. necrophorum and funduliforme on the one hand, and Fusobacterium varium and Fusobacterium mortiferum on the other, were found to be very similar, even at the high-resolution ITS level.
- Published
- 2002
19. 1773: A REVIEW OF A RARE CASE OF NECROTIZING PNEUMONIA AND SEPTICEMIA CAUSED BY FUSOBACTERIUM MORTIFERUM
- Author
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Aashrai Gudlavalleti, Elizabeth Asiago-Reddy, Amit Sharma, and Siddharth Shah
- Subjects
03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,business.industry ,Necrotizing pneumonia ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Rare case ,Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,business ,Dermatology - Published
- 2016
20. Characterization of the gut microbiota of three commercially valuable warmwater fish species
- Author
-
Covadonga R. Arias, Haitham H. Mohammed, and Andrea M. Larsen
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Micropterus ,Gut flora ,digestive system ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,law.invention ,Probiotic ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,law ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Animals ,biology ,Ecology ,Microbiota ,Fusobacteria ,General Medicine ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Perciformes ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Ictaluridae ,Ictalurus ,Freshwater fish ,Bass ,Biotechnology ,Catfish - Abstract
Aims Due to the strong influence of the gut microbiota on fish health, dominant bacterial species in the gut are strong candidates for probiotics. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus to provide a baseline for future probiotic studies. Methods and Results The gut microbiota of five pooled individuals from each fish species was identified using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Microbiota differed significantly between fish species in terms of bacterial species evenness. However, all gut communities analysed were dominated by the phylum Fusobacteria, specifically the species Cetobacterium somerae. Relatively high abundances of the human pathogens Plesiomonas shigelloides and Fusobacterium mortiferum, as well as members of the genus Aeromonas, suggest these species are normal inhabitants of the gut. Conclusions The overwhelming dominance of the genus Cetobacterium in all species warrants further investigation into its role in the fish gut microbiota. Significance and Impact of the Study This study provides the first characterization of the gut microbiota of three economically significant fishes and establishes a baseline for future probiotic trials.
- Published
- 2013
21. Multiple Liver Abscesses Caused by Fusobacterium mortiferum. A Case Report
- Author
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Liliana Castello, A. Sandor, S C Predari, J E Santoianni, A N de Paulis, and J. Palmitano
- Subjects
Infectious Diseases ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,business.industry ,Medicine ,business ,Microbiology - Published
- 1999
22. Microbiota anaeróbia isolada de bovinos com pododermatite
- Author
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Maria Clorinda Soares Fioravanti, Luiz Antônio Franco da Silva, Carla Afonso da Silva, Cléverson Santos Acypreste, and Albenones José de Mesquita
- Subjects
General Veterinary ,biology ,ved/biology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Dichelobacter nodosus ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Group (periodic table) ,Fusobacterium necrophorum ,Anaerobic bacteria ,Bacteroides ,Anaerobic exercise ,Bacteria - Abstract
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo isolar e identificar espécies bacterianas anaeróbias presentes nos pés de bovinos portadores de vários graus de pododermatite. Foram utilizados 60 bovinos, distribuídos em quatro grupos de 15. O grupo I foi constituído por animais saudáveis e serviu de controle; o grupo II, por bovinos na fase inicial do processo; o grupo III, por animais portadores de pododermatite interdigital vegetativa e o grupo IV, por bovinos portadores de pododermatite necrosante. Foram colhidos fragmentos de tecido interdigital para cultura e as principais espécies bacterianas isoladas foram: Dichelobacter nodosus nos grupos II, III e IV e Fusobacterium necrophorum nos grupos III e IV, com freqüências de 26,7%, 6,7%, 20,0%, 6,7% e de 13,3%, respectivamente. Encontraram-se também Fusobacterium symbiosum em 40,0% no gb>rupo I, 6,7% no grupo II, 13,3% no grupo III e 13,3% no grupo IV, Bacteroides sp. em 6,7% nos grupos I e IV, Bacteroides ruminatus em 33,3% no grupo I, 6,7% no grupo II, 33,3% no grupo III e 13,3% no grupo IV, Bacteroides oralis em 6,7% no grupo III e Fusobacterium mortiferum em 6,7% no grupo IV.
- Published
- 1999
23. Characteristics of Fusobacterium ulcerans, a New and Unusual Species Compared with Fusobacterium varium and Fusobacterium mortiferum
- Author
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Diane M. Citron, N. Kleinkauf, Ellie J. C. Goldstein, Th. Montag, Y. Papke, Arne C. Rodloff, M. C. Claros, S. Hunt-Gerardo, and D. Adler
- Subjects
clone (Java method) ,Gel electrophoresis ,biology ,Fusobacteria ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Molecular biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Intergenic region ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Genetic marker ,Fusobacterium ulcerans ,23S ribosomal RNA - Abstract
Fusobacterium ulcerans is a newly described obligately anaerobic Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod [1] that has been isolated from tropical ulcers. Two morphotypes were described: one resemblingFusobacterium varium and the other Fusobacterium mortiferum[1]. Because of the weak or negative fermentation reactions of most fusobacteria, the standard carbohydrate tests used for identification of anaerobe organisms are of little use for identification, and other rapid and simple methods are needed. We characterized eight F. ulcerans strains using conventional biochemical testing. We further analysed these strains by PCR employing a single non-specific primer AP3 and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole cell proteins. PCR using a self-designed pair of primers for the amplification of the spacer (intergenic) region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes, led to the development of genetic markers for species identification. All F. ulcerans clinical isolates appeared very similar to each other in all the test parameters, but were distinctly different from the type strains of the two phenotypically similar species, F. mortiferum and F. varium. High similarity in PCR- and protein-profiles also raise the possibility that all these F. ulcerans strains came from one clone. We noted significant differences among the strains of F. mortiferum and F. varium.
- Published
- 1999
24. In vitro activity of HMR 3004 (RU 64004) against 502 strains of anaerobic bacteria
- Author
-
Eric Molitoris, Sydney M. Finegold, Denise Molitoris, and Hannah M. Wexler
- Subjects
biology ,Clostridium perfringens ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Peptostreptococcus ,Infectious Diseases ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Prevotella ,medicine ,Sutterella wadsworthensis ,Anaerobic bacteria ,Bacteroides fragilis ,Campylobacter gracilis - Abstract
The in vitro activity of HMR 3004 (RU 64004) was compared to azithromycin (AZ), clarithromycin (CL), erythromycin (ER) and roxithromycin (RO). Anaerobes (n =512) were tested using the NCCLS-approved Wadsworth brucella laked blood agar dilution method. Breakpoints for the inclusion of strains into the susceptible/intermediate categories were 4 μg/mL for all agents. Organisms tested included Bacteroides fragilis group species (206), Campylobacter gracilis (13), Bacteriodes species (13), Fusobacterium species (540 K), Bilophila wadsworthia (27),Peptostreptococcus (35), Porphyromonas sp. (12), Prevotella sp. (41), Sutterella wadsworthensis (16), Clostridium sp. (56) and Gram-positive non-sporeforming rods (29). HMR 3004 inhibited 78% of B. fragilis and 69% of B. fragilis groups species, respectively. Ninety-three percent of otherBacteroides were inhibited by HMR 3004, compared to 80% for AZ, 87% for ER, and 93% for CL and RO. HMR 3004 and AZ inhibited all Porphyromonas species, compared to 93–94% for the other agents. HMR 3004 inhibited 98% of Prevotella compared to 91%, 93%, 93% and 95% for ER, AZ, RO and CL, respectively. Activity against Biophila wadsworthia (85–96%) was excellent compared to poor or no activity for the other macrolides. All agents inhibited 100% of Clostridium perfringens and 50% of C. difficile and C. ramosum . None of the agents had activity against the Fusobacterium mortiferum/varium group. Approximately 90% of non-sporeforming Gram-positive rods were inhibited by all of the agents. Overall, HMR 3004 had the best activity against anaerobes, inhibiting 77% compared to AZ (46%), CL (73%), ER (47%) and RO (46%).
- Published
- 1999
25. Subgingival Microflora Associated With Nifedipine-Induced Gingival Overgrowth
- Author
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Mela Nakou, Alkyoni Andronikaki, Joanna J. Kamma, and Fotis J. Mitsis
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Nifedipine ,Bacteroidaceae ,Dental Plaque ,Gingiva ,Campylobacter concisus ,Gingival Pocket ,Gram-Positive Bacteria ,Eubacterium alactolyticum ,Microbiology ,Propionibacterium acnes ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Gram-Negative Bacteria ,Bacteroides ,Humans ,Medicine ,Aged ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,biology ,Eubacterium ,Gingival Overgrowth ,business.industry ,Dental Plaque Index ,Capnocytophaga ochracea ,Age Factors ,Campylobacter ,Fusobacterium ,Middle Aged ,Calcium Channel Blockers ,biology.organism_classification ,Capnocytophaga gingivalis ,Gingivitis ,stomatognathic diseases ,Logistic Models ,Periodontics ,Female ,Periodontal Index ,Gingival Hemorrhage ,business ,Capnocytophaga ,Forecasting - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the composition of subgingival plaque of 140 periodontal lesions in 35 patients with cardiovascular disorders who were administered nifedipine and manifested nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). Age was inversely associated with the GO. Plaque index and bleeding index showed a significant association with GO, while nifedipine dosage and duration of nifedipine therapy were not found to be significant predictors of GO. The gingival inflammation as expressed in the logistic regression model by the interaction term color x tone was found to be significantly associated with the GO. Statistically significant differences between the groups of comparable probing depth and different degrees of GO were detected for Propionibacterium acnes, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Bacteroides gracilis, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium varium and Selenomonas sputigena in deep and enlarged lesions. Significantly more frequently isolated were the bacterial species Eubacterium alactolyticum, Campylobacter concisus, C. gingivalis, C. ochracea, C. sputigena, F. mortiferum, F. nucleatum, and F. varium from the more enlarged lesions (GO >3).
- Published
- 1998
26. Subgingival microbiota of shallow periodontal pockets in individuals after head and neck irradiation
- Author
-
G. K. C. Chiu, Lakshman P. Samaranayake, Wai K. Leung, and Lijian Jin
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunology ,Colony Count, Microbial ,Dental Plaque ,Gingiva ,Veillonella ,Gram-Positive Bacteria ,Microbiology ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Gram-Negative Bacteria ,medicine ,Humans ,Periodontal Pocket ,General Dentistry ,Aged ,biology ,Carcinoma ,Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Capnocytophaga ,Peptostreptococcus ,stomatognathic diseases ,Fusobacterium ,Female ,Anaerobic bacteria ,Cranial Irradiation ,Bacteroides ,Neck ,Actinomyces - Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the subgingival plaque microorganisms of shallow pockets (< or = 5 mm) in subjects who previously received irradiation in the head and neck region for treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Direct microscopy and anaerobic culture were used. Subgingival paper point samples were taken from 6 tooth-sites (one/sextant) per subject for direct microscopy (n = 108). Another set of paper points was taken from the deepest of the previously selected sites (one per subject) with: group A) no bleeding on probing to the sulcus depth (n = 9) and group B) bleeding on probing to the sulcus depth (n = 6) for microscopic and anaerobic culture study. Under the microscope, the microflora was found to be a complex mixture comprising gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, rods and filaments, fusiforms, curved rods and spirochetes. Low level of fungi were observed and mycelia were occasionally detected. There was no significant variation in the plaque bacterial morphotypes observable according to sites of isolation and no significant difference between group A and group B in morphotypes of the different microflora. The predominant cultivable microflora comprised several species of facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria: Gemella, Peptostreptococcus, Staphylococcus, Stomatococcus, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Eubacterium, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, Neisseria, Veillonella, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Kingella, Porphyromonas and Prevotella species. There was no difference between the two groups except the significantly higher proportion of Kingella dentrificans isolated from group B sites. However, colonization of the gingival sulcus in these individuals by microbes that are normal flora of: skin (Peptostreptococcus prevotii and Propionibacterium granulosum) and gut (Eubacterium aerofaciens, Fusobacterium mortiferum and Fusobacterium varium) was detected. These findings appear to suggest that the major components of the subgingival microflora of shallow sites in previously head- and neck-irradiated individuals are similar to that of gingivitis sites in the normal population although they may contain bacterial or fungal species uncommon in normal subjects.
- Published
- 1998
27. Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004)
- Author
-
Lois M. Ednie, Michael R. Jacobs, and Peter C. Appelbaum
- Subjects
Ketolides ,medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotics ,Erythromycin ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Azithromycin ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Clarithromycin ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Antibacterial agent ,Pharmacology ,Roxithromycin ,fungi ,Carbon Dioxide ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Infectious Diseases ,Macrolides ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004), two ketolides, had MICs at which 50% of the strains are inhibited (MIC50s) of 0.06 to 0.125 microg/ml and MIC90s of 16.0 microg/ml against 352 anaerobes. MIC50s and MIC90s of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin were 0.5 to 2.0 microg/ml and 32.0 to >64.0 microg/ml, respectively. HMR 3647 and HMR 3004 were more active against non-Bacteroides fragilis-group anaerobes (other than Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium varium, and Clostridium difficile).
- Published
- 1997
28. 6-phospho-alpha-D-glucosidase from Fusobacterium mortiferum: cloning, expression, and assignment to family 4 of the glycosylhydrolases
- Author
-
A Reizer, S A Robrish, J Thompson, J Reizer, and C L Bouma
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Bacterial Proteins ,Hydrolase ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cloning, Molecular ,Maltose ,Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System ,Molecular Biology ,Peptide sequence ,Gel electrophoresis ,Genomic Library ,Base Sequence ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Edman degradation ,Chromosome Mapping ,alpha-Glucosidases ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,PEP group translocation ,Fusobacterium ,Molecular biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Multigene Family ,Glucosidases ,Research Article - Abstract
The Fusobacterium mortiferum malH gene, encoding 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase (maltose 6-phosphate hydrolase; EC 3.2.1.122), has been isolated, characterized, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The relative molecular weight of the polypeptide encoded by malH (441 residues; Mr of 49,718) was in agreement with the estimated value (approximately 49,000) obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the enzyme purified from F. mortiferum. The N-terminal sequence of the MalH protein obtained by Edman degradation corresponded to the first 32 amino acids deduced from the malH sequence. The enzyme produced by the strain carrying the cloned malH gene cleaved [U-14C]maltose 6-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate (Glc6P) and glucose. The substrate analogs p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 6-phosphate (pNP alphaGlc6P) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 6-phosphate (4MU alphaGlc6P) were hydrolyzed to yield Glc6P and the yellow p-nitrophenolate and fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl aglycons, respectively. The 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase expressed in E. coli (like the enzyme purified from F. mortiferum) required Fe2+, Mn2+, Co2+, or Ni2+ for activity and was inhibited in air. Synthesis of maltose 6-phosphate hydrolase from the cloned malH gene in E. coli was modulated by addition of various sugars to the growth medium. Computer-based analyses of MalH and its homologs revealed that the phospho-alpha-glucosidase from F. mortiferum belongs to the seven-member family 4 of the glycosylhydrolase superfamily. The cloned 2.2-kb Sau3AI DNA fragment from F. mortiferum contained a second partial open reading frame of 83 residues (designated malB) that was located immediately upstream of malH. The high degree of sequence identity of MalB with IIB(Glc)-like proteins of the phosphoenol pyruvate dependent:sugar phosphotransferase system suggests participation of MalB in translocation of maltose and related alpha-glucosides in F. mortiferum.
- Published
- 1997
29. Antianaerobic activity of the ketolide RU 64004 compared to activities of four macrolides, five beta-lactams, clindamycin, and metronidazole
- Author
-
Lois M. Ednie, S K Spangler, Peter C. Appelbaum, and Michael R. Jacobs
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Ketolides ,Roxithromycin ,Clindamycin ,Erythromycin ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Biology ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,Tazobactam ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Microbiology ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,Infectious Diseases ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Macrolides ,Bacteroides fragilis ,Ketolide ,Research Article ,medicine.drug ,Piperacillin - Abstract
Agar dilution methodology (with added Oxyrase in the case of the macrolide group to allow incubation without added CO2) was used to compare the activity of RU 64004, a new ketolide, with the activities of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin with and without clavulanate, piperacillin with and without tazobactam, metronidazole, and imipenem against 379 anaerobes. Overall, RU 64004 yielded an MIC at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC50) of 1.0 microg/ml and an MIC90 of 16.0 microg/ml. In comparison, MIC50s and MIC90s of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin were 2.0 to 8.0 and >64.0 microg/ml, respectively. MICs of macrolides, including RU 64004, were higher for Bacteroides ovatus, Fusobacterium varium, Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Clostridium difficile than for the other species. RU 64004 was more active against gram-positive rods and cocci, Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp., and fusobacteria other than F. mortiferum and F. varium than against the Bacteroides fragilis group. Overall MIC50s and MIC90s (in micrograms per milliliter), respectively, of other compounds were as follows: clindamycin, 1.0 and 16.0; amoxicillin, 4.0 and 64.0; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 0.5 and 4.0; piperacillin, 8.0 and >64.0; piperacillin-tazobactam, 1.0 and 16.0; metronidazole, 1.0 and 4.0; and imipenem, 0.25 and 1.0.
- Published
- 1997
30. Thyroid Abscess Due to a Mixed Anaerobic Infection with Fusobacterium mortiferum
- Author
-
Nikolaos P. Stavreas, George Georgoulias, Sotirios Tsiodras, Elli Lakka-Papadodima, Ioannis Legakis, Constantina D. Amanatidou, Emmanuel G. Hatzimanolis, George Naoum, and Panagiota Morfou
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Thyroid ,Thyroid Gland ,Fusobacterium Infection ,Case Reports ,Fusobacterium ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Antimicrobial ,biology.organism_classification ,Anaerobic infection ,Abscess ,Microbiology ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Fusobacterium Infections ,medicine ,Humans ,Anaerobic exercise - Abstract
A rare case of a thyroid abscess due to mixed anaerobic flora containing Fusobacterium mortiferum in an immunocompetent patient is described. The patient was successfully treated with immediate surgical intervention and appropriate antimicrobial agents.
- Published
- 2005
31. Gram-negative intestinal indigenous microbiota from two Siluriform fishes in a tropical reservoir
- Author
-
Silvana Duarte, Jacques Robert Nicoli, Flávia C.P. Silva, Francisco Gerson Araújo, and Danielle Alves Gomes Zauli
- Subjects
Microorganism ,Population ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Gut flora ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Gram-Negative Bacteria ,Environmental Microbiology ,Animals ,Hypostomus auroguttatus ,education ,gut microbiology ,Catfishes ,education.field_of_study ,Bacteriological Techniques ,Tropical Climate ,Pimelodus maculatus ,Obligate ,biology ,Ecology ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,Vibrio ,QR1-502 ,Bacterial Load ,Intestines ,alimentary regimen ,Omnivore ,Seasons ,Bacteroides ,environment ,Brazil ,Research Paper - Abstract
The Gram-negative intestinal microbiota of Hypostomus auroguttatus and Pimelodus maculatus, a detritivorous and an omnivorous fish species, respectively, were compared between fishes from the reservoir and the stretch of the river below the dam of the Funil hydroelectric plant, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four selective culture media were used under aerobic and two under anaerobic conditions. The omnivorous species had microbiota with higher population levels compared to the detritivorous species. The number of morphotypes and population levels of total bacteria, vibrio and Bacteroides tended to be higher in summer and autumn in the reservoir, and not different in the river. The number of morphotypes of enterobacteria and total bacteria were higher in the lotic environment compared with the lentic one. The bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides and the obligate anaerobic Fusobacterium mortiferum were the most frequently identified microorganisms in the intestine of both H. auroguttatus and P. maculatus. Both season and habitat influenced the Gram-negative intestinal microbiota of H. auroguttatus and P. maculatus. Environmental factors influenced the Gram-negative intestinal microbiota of both species with possible impact on the interrelationship between the fishes and their digestive ecosystem, although the gut microbiota composition of fishes may result from host-specific selective pressures within the gut.
- Published
- 2013
32. Purification from Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC 25557 of a 6-phosphoryl-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl:6-phosphoglucohydrolase that hydrolyzes maltose 6-phosphate and related phospho-alpha-D-glucosides
- Author
-
S A Robrish, J E Folk, John F. Thompson, N Y Nguyen, and Claudia Gentry-Weeks
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Mannose ,Biology ,Models, Biological ,Microbiology ,Substrate Specificity ,Turanose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Glucosides ,Enzyme Stability ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Glucosephosphates ,alpha-Glucosidases ,Maltose ,Fusobacterium ,Trehalose ,Enzyme assay ,Amino acid ,Enzyme ,Carbohydrate Sequence ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,Sugar Phosphates ,Isoelectric Focusing ,Sequence Analysis ,Research Article - Abstract
6-Phosphoryl-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl:6-phosphoglucohydrolase (6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase) has been purified from Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC 25557. p-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 6-phosphate (pNP alpha Glc6P) served as the chromogenic substrate for detection and assay of enzyme activity. The O2-sensitive, metal-dependent phospho-alpha-glucosidase was stabilized during purification by inclusion of dithiothreitol and Mn2+ ion in chromatography buffers. Various 6-phosphoryl-O-alpha-linked glucosides, including maltose 6-phosphate, pNP alpha Glc6P, trehalose 6-phosphate, and sucrose 6-phosphate, were hydrolyzed by the enzyme to yield D-glucose 6-phosphate and aglycone moieties in a 1:1 molar ratio. 6-Phospho-alpha-glucosidase (M(r) of approximately 49,000; pI of approximately 4.9) is activated by Fe2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+, and the maximum rate of pNP alpha Glc6P hydrolysis occurs at 40 degrees C within the pH range 7.0 to 7.5. The sequence of the first 32 amino acids of 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase exhibits 67% identity (90% similarity) to that deduced for the N terminus of a putative phospho-beta-glucosidase (designated ORF f212) encoded by glvG in Escherichia coli. Western blots involving highly specific polyclonal antibody against 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase and spectrophotometric analyses with pNP alpha Glc6P revealed only low levels of the enzyme in glucose-, mannose-, or fructose-grown cells of F. mortiferum. Synthesis of 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase increased dramatically during growth of the organism on alpha-glucosides, such as maltose, alpha-methylglucoside, trehalose, turanose, and palatinose.
- Published
- 1995
33. Multibacterial Sepsis in an Alcohol Abuser with Hepatic Cirrhosis
- Author
-
Noboru Kitamura, Daijirou Yoshioka, Takashi Horie, Yoshihiro Matsukawa, Kinya Kawano, Naoto Hosokawa, Motohide Kaneko, Yoh Iwasaki, Takaaki Miki, Susumu Nishinarita, and Kazunari Kumasaka
- Subjects
Male ,Imipenem ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cirrhosis ,Bacteremia ,Gram-Positive Bacteria ,Risk Assessment ,Severity of Illness Index ,Gastroenterology ,Sepsis ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ,Internal medicine ,Gram-Negative Bacteria ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Stomach Ulcer ,Aged ,Cilastatin ,biology ,business.industry ,Bacterial Infections ,General Medicine ,Hepatitis C ,Hepatitis C, Chronic ,medicine.disease ,Streptococcus constellatus ,biology.organism_classification ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Surgery ,Bacteria, Aerobic ,Gastric Mucosa ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,business ,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ,Follow-Up Studies ,medicine.drug - Abstract
An alcohol abuser with hepatitis C developed multibacterial sepsis. His mean 100% alcohol intake reached 400 ml/day. In January 2001, he suddenly experienced fever (39°C) with no other symptoms. One week later, he was admitted to our hospital and was subsequently diagnosed with sepsis associated with four species of bacteria (Streptococcus constellatus, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and non-spore-forming anaerobic gram-positive bacillus). A drip infusion of imipenem/cilastatin was administrated, resulting in a successful therapeutic outcome. No underlying disorder was found except for gastric ulcers and hepatic cirrhosis. Damagedgastric mucosa was assumed to be the possible cause and route for the bacterial invasion.(Internal Medicine 42: 208-210, 200
- Published
- 2003
34. Identification of a 43-kDa outer membrane protein of Fusobacterium necrophorum that exhibits similarity with pore-forming proteins of other Fusobacterium species
- Author
-
Dongbo Sun, Hong Zhang, Hongbin Wang, Siwen Lv, and Donghua Guo
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Hypothetical protein ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Amino Acid Motifs ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Protein Sorting Signals ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Microbiology ,Fusobacterium periodonticum ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Fusobacterium necrophorum ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cloning, Molecular ,Phylogeny ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Base Sequence ,ved/biology ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Fusobacterium gonidiaformans ,stomatognathic diseases ,Fusobacterium ,Anaerobic bacteria ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,Sequence Alignment ,Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - Abstract
A pair of primers was designed in an attempt to amplify outer membrane protein (OMP) gene of Fusobacterium necrophorum based on nucleotide sequence of the OMP of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Further analysis was performed to characterize its molecular properties and phylogeny in the genus Fusobacterium. We identified a predicated 43kDa outer membrane protein (43K OMP) in F. necrophorum, which showed the same properties as other pore-forming proteins of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria according to analysis of signal peptide, AT-rich, membrane-spanning region and conserved motifs. The predicated 43K OMP exhibited 70.22%, 62.04%, 56.75%, 58.72%, 51.59%, 31.49% and 50.26% amino acid identity with the OMPs of F. nucleatum, Fusobacterium varium, Fusobacterium ucerans, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium gonidiaformans and F. necrophorum (hypothetical protein), respectively. 11 common conserved domains and 10 common variable domains were found among the 45 aligned OMPs of Fusobacterium species. Distributions of the conserved and variable domains were highly associated with predicted membrane-spanning regions, cell surface exposed regions and B-cell epitope regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the predicated 43K OMP of F. necrophorum was closely related with the OMPs from F. nucleatum and F. periodonticum. These data will increase understanding of pathogenesis and genetic evolution of F. necrophorum.
- Published
- 2012
35. The individual and combined influence of temperature, time, pH and COD concentration on the biodegradation activities of selected bacterial strains grown on raw Baker's yeast effluent
- Author
-
T. J. Britz and M. Van Der Merwe
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Environmental Engineering ,biology ,Population ,Klebsiella oxytoca ,Factorial experiment ,Biodegradation ,biology.organism_classification ,Yeast ,Microbiology ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Chryseomonas ,Food science ,education ,Effluent ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Five bacterial strains (Chryseomonas luteola, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Enterobacter agglomerans,Klebsiella oxytoca and an unidentified Gram-negative rod) were grown on raw baker's yeast effluent to assess the influence of environmental factors on biodegradation processes. A 3×4×3 factorial design was used to determine the effects of time, pH and COD concentration, at four different temperatures. Total volatile fatty acid production was chosen as the most representative indicator of biodegradation. Results showed that the strains differed greatly in their ability to produce anaerobic digester intermediary metabolites, under defined environmental conditions. The study showed that the degradation of the complex compounds in baker's yeast effluent could be enhanced by changing environmental factors. The most positive responses were obtained at the higher COD concentrations (30 g l−1), the higher pH values (6.0), after 24 to 48h incubation time and at the higher temperatures (35°C). The most positive effect (+355.00) was found forChryseomonas luteola at a 48h incubation time, COD concentration of 30 g l−1, pH of 6.0 and temperature of 35°C. The volatile fatty acid yields obtained by the strains differ from the statistical indications, but provide a valuable reference of the actual concentrations obtained during the experimental study. The factorial design represented the effects of environmental changes, while the quantitative TVFA data set gave experimental data. This study showed that the manipulation of various environmental factors in biologically controlled systems, such as anaerobic digesters, could further enhance the biodegradation efficiency of the microbial population in the raw effluent.
- Published
- 1994
36. Effect of CO2 on susceptibilities of anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin
- Author
-
Michael R. Jacobs, Peter C. Appelbaum, and S K Spangler
- Subjects
Erythromycin ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Azithromycin ,Azalide ,Biology ,Gram-Positive Bacteria ,Microbiology ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Clarithromycin ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Antibacterial agent ,Pharmacology ,Roxithromycin ,Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria ,Drug Resistance, Microbial ,Carbon Dioxide ,Infectious Diseases ,Oxygenases ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The Oxyrase agar dilution method (Oxyrase, Inc., Mansfield, Ohio), which provides an anaerobic environment without added CO2, was compared with the reference agar dilution method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (anaerobic chamber with 10% CO2) to test the susceptibilities of 302 gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin. For erythromycin, the overall MIC for 50% of isolates tested (MIC50) was 0.5 micrograms/ml and the MIC90 was 8.0 micrograms/ml by the Oxyrase method, whereas they were 4.0 and 64.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, under standard anaerobic conditions with CO2. At a breakpoint of 4.0 micrograms/ml, 88% of strains were susceptible to erythromycin by the Oxyrase method, whereas 63% were susceptible in the chamber. The corresponding MIC50s and MIC90s of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin by the Oxyrase method were 0.5 and 8.0, 0.25 and 4.0, and 0.5 and 16.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, whereas in the chamber they were 4.0 and > 64.0, 2.0 and 64.0, and 2.0 and 64.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. At a breakpoint of 8.0 micrograms/ml for these three drugs, 89, 92, and 85% of the isolates, respectively, were susceptible by the Oxyrase method, whereas 67%, 72, and 68% of the isolates, respectively, were susceptible in the chamber. Most strains resistant to all four compounds by both methods were Bacteroides distasonis, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium varium and non-Clostridium perfringens Clostridium species. Results of the study may lead to a reappraisal of the role played by macrolides and azalides in the treatment of anaerobic infections.
- Published
- 1994
37. Sucrose fermentation by Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC 25557: transport, catabolism, and products
- Author
-
S A Robrish, N Y Nguyen, and John F. Thompson
- Subjects
Sucrose ,Glycoside Hydrolases ,Phosphofructokinase-1 ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Disaccharide ,Biological Transport, Active ,Acetates ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Fructokinase ,Substrate Specificity ,Phosphotransferase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Glycoside hydrolase ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Lactic Acid ,Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System ,Molecular Biology ,Acetic Acid ,beta-Fructofuranosidase ,PEP group translocation ,Fusobacterium ,Butyrates ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Enzyme Induction ,Lactates ,Fermentation ,Research Article - Abstract
Studies of sucrose utilization by Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC 25557 have provided the first definitive evidence for phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar:phosphotransferase activity in the family Bacteroidaceae. The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sucrose:phosphotransferase system and the two enzymes required for the dissimilation of sucrose 6-phosphate are induced specifically by growth of F. mortiferum on the disaccharide. Monomeric sucrose 6-phosphate hydrolase (M(r), 52,000) and a dimeric ATP-dependent fructokinase (subunit M(r), 32,000) have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The physicochemical and catalytic properties of these enzymes have been examined, and the N-terminal amino acid sequences for both proteins are reported. The characteristics of sucrose 6-phosphate hydrolase and fructokinase from F. mortiferum are compared with the same enzymes from both gram-positive and gram-negative species. Butyric, acetic, and D-lactic acids are the end products of sucrose fermentation by F. mortiferum. A pathway is proposed for the translocation, phosphorylation, and metabolism of sucrose by this anaerobic pathogen.
- Published
- 1992
38. Intrageneric Relationships of Members of the Genus Fusobacterium as Determined by Reverse Transcriptase Sequencing of Small-Subunit rRNA
- Author
-
Haroun N. Shah, Duncan R. Clark, Matthew D. Collins, Saheer E. Gharbia, and Paul A. Lawson
- Subjects
Genetics ,Base Sequence ,biology ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Immunology ,RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ,Fusobacterium ,Fusobacterium gonidiaformans ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Fusobacterium periodonticum ,RNA, Bacterial ,stomatognathic diseases ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Fusobacterium necrogenes ,Fusobacterium ulcerans ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,Sequence Alignment ,Phylogeny ,Fusobacterium russii - Abstract
The phylogenetic interrelationships of 14 members of the genus Fusobacterium were investigated by performing a comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences of these organisms. The sequence data revealed considerable intrageneric heterogeneity. The four species Fusobacterium nucleatum (including F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, "F. nucleatum subsp. fusiforme," and "F. nucleatum subsp. animalis"), Fusobacterium alocis, Fusobacterium periodonticum, and Fusobacterium simiae, which colonize oral cavities, exhibited high levels of sequence homology with each other and formed a distinct group within the genus. Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium varium, and Fusobacterium ulcerans also formed a phylogenetically coherent group, as did the two species Fusobacterium gonidiaformans and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Fusobacterium russii and Fusobacterium necrogenes displayed no specific relationship with any of the other fusobacteria. The sequence data are discussed in the context of previous physiological and chemical findings.
- Published
- 1991
39. Isolation of clostridium tetani from anaerobic empyema
- Author
-
Margaret M. Peel, Elizabeth A. Snashall, and Barrie C. Mayall
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clostridium tetani ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Fatal Outcome ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,medicine ,Humans ,Anaerobiosis ,Clostridial infection ,Empyema, Pleural ,Aged ,media_common ,Suppuration ,Tetanus ,biology ,business.industry ,Convalescence ,Penicillin G ,Fusobacterium ,respiratory system ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Empyema ,respiratory tract diseases ,Surgery ,body regions ,Penicillin ,surgical procedures, operative ,Drainage ,Cholecystectomy ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We report the isolation of Clostridium tetani (along with Fusobacterium mortiferum) from empyema pus. The patient, a 68 year old retired farmer from rural NSW, had recently undergone cholecystectomy, had heart failure and developed an empyema. He improved after drainage of the empyema and penicillin therapy, but died suddenly during convalescence.
- Published
- 1998
40. In vitro activity of linezolid against clinical isolates of Fusobacterium spp
- Author
-
C Hoehne, Alexander S. Kekulé, Ojan Assadian, C. Meinl, Axel Kramer, Daeschlein G, and Florian Daxboeck
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Microbiology ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Species Specificity ,Clavulanic acid ,Fusobacterium necrophorum ,Acetamides ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Anaerobiosis ,Oxazolidinones ,Antibacterial agent ,Pharmacology ,Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid ,biology ,ved/biology ,Linezolid ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Amoxicillin ,Fusobacterium ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,stomatognathic diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,bacteria ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objectives: Although most susceptibility studies for linezolid have investigated aerobic bacteria, only a few have investigated anaerobe isolates. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activity of linezolid against a larger sample of clinical isolates of Fusobacterium spp. and to report on the detailed susceptibility, stratified by species. Methods: The in vitro susceptibility of 80 clinical isolates of Fusobacterium (Fusobacterium necrophorum, n = 34; Fusobacterium nucleatum, n = 20; Fusobacterium varium, n = 18; Fusobacterium mortiferum; n = 8) was tested and compared with the activity of the older compounds amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Results: The MIC of linezolid ranged from 0.016 to 1.0 mg/L, with the MIC90 being 0.5 mg/L. The highest MIC obtained for linezolid (1.0 mg/L) was measured for an F. varium isolate. The MIC90 for both, amoxicillin (range: 0.016–0.75 mg/L) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (range: 0.047–0.75 mg/L), was 0.5 mg/L. Overall, no resistant strains were found in the study. Conclusions: Compared with amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, linezolid was less active against F. necrophorum (MIC90 0.25 mg/L) and F. nucleatum (MIC90 0.25 mg/L), equally active against F. varium (MIC90 0.75 mg/L) and slightly more active against F. mortiferum (MIC90 0.19 mg/L).
- Published
- 2006
41. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Adhesin Unique to Oral Fusobacteria
- Author
-
Howard K. Kuramitsu, Robert J. Genco, Cheri X. Deng, Hakimuddin T. Sojar, Mei Li, Akihiko Ikegami, Chythanya Rajanna, Yun Zhou, Hameem I. Kawsar, and Yiping W. Han
- Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data ,CHO Cells ,Microbiology ,Cell Line ,Fusobacterium periodonticum ,Microbial Cell Biology ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Species Specificity ,Fusobacterium ulcerans ,Cricetinae ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Adhesins, Bacterial ,Molecular Biology ,biology ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,fungi ,biology.organism_classification ,Fusobacterium gonidiaformans ,Molecular Weight ,stomatognathic diseases ,Fusobacterium ,Fusobacterium naviforme ,Mutation ,Sequence Alignment ,Fusobacterium russii ,Gene Deletion - Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobe that is prevalent in periodontal disease and infections of different parts of the body. The organism has remarkable adherence properties, binding to partners ranging from eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to extracellular macromolecules. Understanding its adherence is important for understanding the pathogenesis of F. nucleatum . In this study, a novel adhesin, FadA ( Fusobacterium ad hesin A ), was demonstrated to bind to the surface proteins of the oral mucosal KB cells. FadA is composed of 129 amino acid (aa) residues, including an 18-aa signal peptide, with calculated molecular masses of 13.6 kDa for the intact form and 12.6 kDa for the secreted form. It is highly conserved among F. nucleatum , Fusobacterium periodonticum , and Fusobacterium simiae , the three most closely related oral species, but is absent in the nonoral species, including Fusobacterium gonidiaformans , Fusobacterium mortiferum , Fusobacterium naviforme , Fusobacterium russii , and Fusobacterium ulcerans . In addition to FadA, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and ATCC 49256 also encode two paralogues, FN1529 and FNV2159, each sharing 31% identity with FadA. A double-crossover fadA deletion mutant, F. nucleatum 12230-US1, was constructed by utilizing a novel sonoporation procedure. The mutant had a slightly slower growth rate, yet its binding to KB and Chinese hamster ovarian cells was reduced by 70 to 80% compared to that of the wild type, indicating that FadA plays an important role in fusobacterial colonization in the host. Furthermore, due to its uniqueness to oral Fusobacterium species, fadA may be used as a marker to detect orally related fusobacteria. F. nucleatum isolated from other parts of the body may originate from the oral cavity.
- Published
- 2005
42. [Retrospective analysis of Fusobacterium associated infections; experience at Aomori Prefectural Hospital with 108 cases from 1995 to 1999]
- Author
-
Toshihiko Nakamura, Kunitomo Watanabe, Chizuko Kawamura, and Mituomi Kaimori
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Aerobic bacteria ,Prevotella ,Microbiology ,Bacteroides fragilis ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Bacteroidaceae Infections ,Medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,biology ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Fusobacterium ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Peptostreptococcus ,stomatognathic diseases ,Fusobacterium necrophorum ,Fusobacterium Infections ,Female ,Anaerobic bacteria ,business ,Streptococcus milleri - Abstract
We experienced 108 cases of Fusobacterium associated infections, including otolaryngeal, oral, pleuropulmonary, intraabdominal, skin and soft tissue infections, at Aomori Prefectural Hospital during The 5 year-period from 1995 to 1999. A total of 433 organisms, included 113 Fusobacterium spp. (80 Fusobacterium nucleatum, 18 Fusobaterium necrophorum, 5 Fusobacterium varium, 4 Fusobacterium mortiferum, 6 Fusobacterium spp.), were recovered with an average of 4.0 organisms per case of the 108 cases, 68% were mixed aerobic and anaerobic and yielded 185 anaerobic bacteria (2.5 per case) and 137 aerobic bacteria (1.9 per case) with an average of 4.4 per case. The remaining 32% were purely anaerobic and yielded 111 organisms with an average of 3.2 per case, Prevotella spp., Bacteroides fragilis group, Streptococcus milleri group, Enterobacteriaceae, Peptostreptococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. were most frequently coisolated with Fusobacterium spp.
- Published
- 2002
43. In vitro activity of telithromycin (HMR 3647) against 502 strains of anaerobic bacteria
- Author
-
Hannah M. Wexler, Eric Molitoris, Sydney M. Finegold, and Denise Molitoris
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Ketolides ,Telithromycin ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Clostridium ramosum ,Antibacterial agent ,Pharmacology ,biology ,organic chemicals ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Clostridium perfringens ,biology.organism_classification ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Infectious Diseases ,bacteria ,Anaerobic bacteria ,Macrolides ,Bacteroides ,Bacteroides fragilis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In a previous study, we compared HMR 3004 with azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin and roxithromycin against 502 anaerobic bacteria using NCCLS-approved procedures. This report extends this study by reporting the activity of telithromycin (HMR 3647) against these strains. Telithromycin inhibited 10% of Bacteroides fragilis, 50% of other B. fragilis group organisms and 93% of other Bacteroides spp. Telithromycin inhibited all Porphyromonas spp. and 98% of Prevotella spp. Activity against Bilophila wadsworthia (85-96%) was excellent. Telithromycin was not active against the Fusobacterium mortiferum/varium group. Telithromycin inhibited 100% of Clostridium perfringens, 46-56% of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium ramosum and approximately 90% of non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli.
- Published
- 2001
44. Amplicon pyrosequencing and ion torrent sequencing of wild duck eubacterial microbiome from fecal samples reveals numerous species linked to human and animal diseases
- Author
-
David Molnar, Scot Dowd, Thomas Strong, Alexander F. Gutierrez, and Jonathan Coffman
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Rat-bite fever ,Physiology ,General Medicine ,Ion semiconductor sequencing ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Streptobacillus moniliformis ,Microbiology ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,food ,Lactobacillus ,medicine ,Microbiome ,Pseudobutyrivibrio ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Feces - Abstract
Our investigation into the composition of the wild duck,Aythya americana, eubacterial microbiome from a fecal sample using amplicon pyrosequencing revealed that the representative bacterial species were quite distinct from a pond water sample, and we were able to classify the major operational taxonomic units withFusobacterium mortiferum,Streptobacillus moniliformis,Lactobacillus intermedius,Actinomyces suimastitidis,Campylobacter Canadensis,Enterococcus cecorum,Lactobacillus aviarus,Actimomyces spp.,Pseudobutyrivibrio spp.and Helicobacter brantaerepresenting the majority of the eubacterial fecal microbiome. Bacterial species present in the analysis revealed numerous organisms linked to human and animal diseases including septicemia, rat bite fever, pig mastitis, endocarditis, malar masses, genital infections, skin lesions, peritonitis, wound infections, septic arthritis, urocystitis, gastroenteritis and drinking water diseases. In addition, to being known carriers of viral pathogens wild ducks should also be recognized as a potential source of a range of bacterial diseases.
- Published
- 2013
45. Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria
- Author
-
Maria D. Appleman and Diane M. Citron
- Subjects
Ketolides ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Prevotella bivia ,Microbiology ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Clostridium ramosum ,Pharmacology ,biology ,ved/biology ,food and beverages ,Bacterial Infections ,biology.organism_classification ,Peptostreptococcus ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Erythromycin ,stomatognathic diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Susceptibility ,bacteria ,Anaerobic bacteria ,Bacteroides fragilis ,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ,Bacteroides ureolyticus - Abstract
The activity of ABT-773, a novel ketolide antibiotic, against clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria was determined and compared to the activities of other antimicrobial agents. MICs at which 90% of isolates were inhibited (MIC 90 s) were ≤0.06 μg/ml for Actinomyces spp., Clostridium perfringens , Peptostreptococcus spp., Propionibacterium spp., and Porphyromonas spp. The MIC 50 s and MIC 90 s were ≤0.06 and >32 μg/ml, respectively, for Eubacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Clostridium difficile , and Clostridium ramosum. The MIC 90 for Bilophila wadsworthia , Bacteroides ureolyticus, and Campylobacter gracilis was 1 μg/ml, and that for Prevotella bivia and other Prevotella spp. was 0.5 μg/ml. The MIC 90 for Fusobacterium nucleatum was 8 μg/ml, and that for Fusobacterium mortiferum and Fusobacterium varium was >32 μg/ml . The MIC 90 s for the Bacteroides fragilis group were as follows: for B. fragilis , 8 μg/ml; for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , Bacteroides ovatus , Bacteroides distasonis , and Bacteroides uniformis , >32 μg/ml; and for Bacteroides vulgatus , 4 μg/ml. Telithromycin MICs for the B. fragilis group were usually 1 to 2 dilutions higher than ABT-773 MICs. For all strains, ABT-773 was more active than erythromycin by 4 or more dilutions, and for some strains this drug was more active than clindamycin.
- Published
- 2000
46. A Fusobacterium mortiferum strain produces a bacteriocin-like substance(s) inhibiting Salmonella enteritidis
- Author
-
Anne-Marie Pons, V. Portrait, and Gilles Cottenceau
- Subjects
biology ,Salmonella enteritidis ,Pathogenic bacteria ,Fusobacterium ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Enterobacteriaceae ,Poultry ,Microbiology ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Bacteriocin ,Bacteriocins ,medicine ,Animals ,Cecum ,Bacteria ,Antibacterial agent - Abstract
Seven strictly anaerobic strains showing anti-Salmonella enteritidis activity were isolated from poultry caecal contents. Among them, the most inhibitory one, a strain of Fusobacterium mortiferum, called FM1025, was selected. Biochemical tests, showing the proteinaceous structure of the antagonist(s) produced, indicated that the strain Fus. mortiferum FM1025 synthesized (a) bacteriocin-like compound(s) active against Salm. enteritidis. Among the other strains tested, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were inhibited. These preliminary results suggested the important role of the Fusobacterium strains against pathogenic bacteria among the intestinal flora.
- Published
- 2000
47. Conversion of DL-threonine, D-threonine and 2-oxobutyrate into propionate and 2-hydroxybutyrate by Fusobacterium species
- Author
-
Jean-Philippe Carlier, V. Lorin, K. Rouffignat, and C. Henry
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Threonine ,Hydroxybutyrates ,Biology ,Fusobacterium ,biology.organism_classification ,Fusobacterium gonidiaformans ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,stomatognathic diseases ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Fusobacterium naviforme ,chemistry ,Propionate ,Propionates ,Bacteroidaceae ,Fusobacterium russii - Abstract
The present investigation examined DL-threonine, D-threonine and 2-oxobutyrate conversion into propionate and 2-hydroxybutyrate by various type strains and clinical isolates of Fusobacterium. Except for Fus. naviforme, the type strains were able to produce varying degrees of propionate and/or 2-hydroxybutyrate from DL-threonine. Additionally, D-threonine was converted into an equimolar amount of propionate by Fus. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, Fus. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and Fus. varium, and to a lower but significant amount by Fus. mortiferum and Fus. perfoetens. However, the level of propionate remained unchanged for Fus. nucleatum subsp. fusiforme, Fus. nucleatum subsp. vincentii, Fus. naviforme, Fus. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme, Fus. gonidiaforme and Fus. russii. 2-Oxobutyrate was fermented to propionate by all type strains, although Fus. russii reduced it mainly to 2-hydroxybutyrate. Thus, an attempt was made to make use of these features in order to identify clinical isolates.
- Published
- 1998
48. Coaggregation of Candida albicans with oral Fusobacterium species
- Author
-
N. J. Grimaudo and W. E. Nesbitt
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Hot Temperature ,Immunology ,Microbiology ,Bacterial Adhesion ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,stomatognathic system ,Bacterial Proteins ,Candida albicans ,Cell Adhesion ,Humans ,Trypsin ,Saliva ,General Dentistry ,Bacteroidaceae ,Ecosystem ,biology ,Fusobacterium nucleatum ,Periodic Acid ,Epithelial Cells ,Fusobacterium ,biology.organism_classification ,Corpus albicans ,Yeast ,stomatognathic diseases ,Biochemistry ,Pronase ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Bacteria - Abstract
Nine strains of oral Fusobacterium were examined for their ability to coaggregate in vitro with four strains of the oral yeast. Candida albicans. All of the Fusobacterium nucleatum strains and Fusobacterium periodontium and Fusobacterium sulci coaggregated to various degrees with all of the Candida strains. Fusobacterium alocis, Fusobacterium mortiferum and Fusobactrium simiae strains did not coaggregate with any of the Candida strains. Exposure of the coaggregating Fusobacterium strains but not the Candida strains to heat, trypsin, and proteinase K eliminated coaggregation. Amphotericin B or trichodermin treatment of the yeast species had no effect. The reactions were inhibited by addition of 0.1 M mannose, glucosamine and alpha-methyl mannoside. All coaggregating pairs were disaggregated by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate, but nonionic detergents had no effect. The addition of 2.0 M urea completely reversed coaggregation. Candida strains were sensitive to periodate oxidation, whereas the Fusobacterium strains were stable to this treatment. All coaggregations occurred in the presence of saliva and appeared stronger than in buffer. These data suggest that the coaggregations involve either a protein or glycoprotein on the Fusobacterium surface, which may interact with carbohydrates or carbohydrate-containing molecules on the surface of the Candida. These observations expand the known range of intergeneric coaggregations occurring between human oral microbes and indicate that coaggregation of C. albicans and Fusobacterium species may be an important factor in oral colonization by this yeast. The authors believe this to be the first description of coaggregation concerning a carbohydrate component on the yeast cell and a protein component on the oral bacterial cell.
- Published
- 1997
49. Phospho-beta-glucosidase from Fusobacterium mortiferum: purification, cloning, and inactivation by 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone
- Author
-
Darón I. Freedberg, S A Robrish, J E Folk, John F. Thompson, and C L Bouma
- Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Gluconates ,Substrate Specificity ,Lactones ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,Glucosides ,medicine ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cloning, Molecular ,Molecular Biology ,Escherichia coli ,Peptide sequence ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Binding Sites ,biology ,Edman degradation ,Nucleic acid sequence ,Fusobacterium ,Enzyme assay ,Amino acid ,Molecular Weight ,Kinetics ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,Sequence Alignment ,Glucosidases ,Research Article - Abstract
6-Phosphoryl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl:6-phosphoglucohydrolase (P-beta-glucosidase, EC 3.2.1.86) has been purified from Fusobacterium mortiferum. Assays for enzyme activity and results from Western immunoblots showed that P-beta-glucosidase (Mr, 53,000; pI, 4.5) was induced by growth of F. mortiferum on beta-glucosides. The novel chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate (pNPbetaGlc6P) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate (4MUbetaGlc6P), respectively, were used for the assay of P-beta-glucosidase activity. The enzyme hydrolyzed several P-beta-glucosides, including the isomeric disaccharide phosphates cellobiose-6-phosphate, gentiobiose-6-phosphate, sophorose-6-phosphate, and laminaribiose-6-phosphate, to yield glucose-6-phosphate and appropriate aglycons. The kinetic parameters for each substrate are reported. P-beta-glucosidase from F. mortiferum was inactivated by 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone (P-glucono-delta-lactone) derived via oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate. The pbgA gene that encodes P-beta-glucosidase from F. mortiferum has been cloned and sequenced. The first 42 residues deduced from the nucleotide sequence matched those determined for the N terminus by automated Edman degradation of the purified enzyme. From the predicted sequence of 466 amino acids, two catalytically important glutamyl residues have been identified. Comparative alignment of the amino acid sequences of P-beta-glucosidase from Escherichia coli and F. mortiferum indicates potential binding sites for the inhibitory P-glucono-delta-lactone to the enzyme from F. mortiferum.
- Published
- 1997
50. Inactivation of anaerobic bacteria by various photosensitized porphyrins or by hemin
- Author
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Hannah M. Wexler, Sydney M. Finegold, and Yeshayahu Nitzan
- Subjects
Hematoporphyrin ,Photosensitizing Agents ,Porphyrins ,biology ,General Medicine ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Porphyrin ,Cell wall ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,Fusobacterium mortiferum ,chemistry ,Hemin ,Protoporphyrin ,Anaerobic bacteria ,Bacteria ,Deuteroporphyrins - Abstract
The photodynamic effects of deuteroporphyrin (DP), hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD), hematoporphyrin (HP), or protoporphyrin (PP) on a variety of anaerobic microorganisms were examined in this study. The majority of the species, among the 350 strains tested, were inhibited by concentrations ofor = 2.5 micrograms/ml of light-activated DP. Species found to be resistant to this treatment included Bilophila wadsworthia, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium varium, and Bacteroides gracilis. These species were inhibited by concentrations of60 micrograms/ml of DP. The porphyrin-producing species, Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp, were all inhibited byor = 2.5 micrograms/ml DP and light. Comparing the photodynamic activity of the porphyrins used on Porphyromonas strains resulted in the following pattern: DPHPDHPPP. Porphyromonas spp., Gram-positive cocci, and many Gram-positive rods (excluding clostridia) were inactivated by hemin (a metal-containing porphyrin) at 10-20 micrograms/ml. Hemin inhibitory action was not affected by light. Binding and insertion of DP into bacteria (both inactivated and non-inactivated strains by DP and light) were monitored by the characteristic fluorescence band of bound DP at 622 nm. Porphyromonas spp. bound DP tightly, whereas only low binding was seen with B. wadsworthia and other DP-resistant species. High binding of DP to B. wadsworthia can be achieved by pretreatment of the bacteria with imipenem or cefoxitin, beta-lactam agents known to interfere with the integrity of the cell wall. If cell wall integrity is disturbed (e.g., by these agents), inactivation of B. wadsworthia by DP can occur.
- Published
- 1994
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