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372 results on '"Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS"'

1. Portable System for Non-intrusive Monitoring of Sleep

Author: Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (fnrs) and Philippe Van de Borne, Professor
Published: 2023

2. The European Union as an Actor Navigating International Regime Complexes

Author: Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Delreux, Tom, Earsom, Joseph, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Delreux, Tom, and Earsom, Joseph
Abstract: Global governance in many domains is increasingly characterised by the existence of international regime complexes—i.e., sets of overlapping institutional fora taking up different aspects of a broader issue area. As an international actor, the EU faces a context of such international regime complexity. Yet, little is known about how the EU navigates international regime complexes and how regime complexes impact the EU’s behaviour in individual fora. This thematic issue, therefore, seeks to improve our understanding of how different manifestations of international regime complexes affect the EU as an international actor and to provide empirical insight into the ways actors like the EU navigate international regime complexes. In this editorial, we situate the thematic issue within the broader academic debates on the EU’s role in international regime complexity, argue for the need to study the EU as an actor therein, and provide an overview of the thematic issue’s objectives and the nine articles that comprise it.
Published: 2023

3. Inhibiting the inflammasome with MCC950 counteracts muscle pyroptosis and improves Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, Dubuisson, Nicolas, Davis López de Carrizosa, María América, Versele, Romain, Selvais, Camille M., Noel, Laurence, Van den Bergh, P. Y. D., Brichard, Sonia M., Abou-Samra, Michel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, Dubuisson, Nicolas, Davis López de Carrizosa, María América, Versele, Romain, Selvais, Camille M., Noel, Laurence, Van den Bergh, P. Y. D., Brichard, Sonia M., and Abou-Samra, Michel
Abstract: Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited human myopathy. Typically, the secondary process involving severe inflammation and necrosis exacerbate disease progression. Previously, we reported that the NLRP3 inflammasome complex plays a crucial role in this disorder. Moreover, pyroptosis, a form of programmed necrotic cell death, is triggered by NLRP3 via gasdermin D (GSDMD). So far, pyroptosis has never been described either in healthy muscle or in dystrophic muscle. The aim of this study was to unravel the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in DMD and explore a potentially promising treatment with MCC950 that selectively inhibits NLRP3. Methods: Four‐week‐old mdx mice (n=6 per group) were orally treated for 2 months with MCC950 (mdx‐T), a highly potent, specific, small-molecule inhibitor of NLRP3, and compared with untreated (mdx) and wild-type (WT) mice. In vivo functional tests were carried out to measure the global force and endurance of mice. Ex vivo biochemical and molecular analyses were performed to evaluate the pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle. Finally, in vitro tests were conducted on primary cultures of DMD human myotubes. Results: After MCC950 treatment, mdx mice exhibited a significant reduction of inflammation, macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress (-20 to -65%, P<0.05 vs untreated mdx). Mdx‐T mice displayed considerably less myonecrosis (-54%, P<0.05 vs mdx) and fibrosis (-75%, P<0.01 vs mdx). Moreover, a more mature myofibre phenotype, characterized by larger-sized fibres and higher expression of mature myosin heavy chains 1 and 7 was observed. Mdx-T also exhibited enhanced force and resistance to fatigue (+20 to 60%, P<0.05 or less). These beneficial effects resulted from MCC950 inhibition of both active caspase-1 (-46%, P=0.075) and cleaved gasdermin D (N-GSDMD) (-42% in medium-sized-fibres, P<0.001). Finally, the anti-inflammatory action and the anti-pyroptotic effect of MCC950 were also recapitulated in DMD hum
Published: 2022

4. What lies underneath: Precise classification of brain states using time-dependent topological structure of dynamics

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Filosofía y Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Análisis Numérico, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Universidad de Jaén, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Swiss National Science Foundation, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Soler Toscano, Fernando, Galadí García, Javier Alejandro, Escrichs, Anira, Sanz Perl, Y., López González, Ane, Sitt, Jacobo D., Annen, Jitka, Gosseries, Olivia, Thibaut, Aurore, Panda, Rajanikant, Esteban, Francisco J., Laureys, Steven, Kringelbach, M.L., Langa Rosado, José Antonio, Deco, Gustavo, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Filosofía y Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Análisis Numérico, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Universidad de Jaén, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Swiss National Science Foundation, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Soler Toscano, Fernando, Galadí García, Javier Alejandro, Escrichs, Anira, Sanz Perl, Y., López González, Ane, Sitt, Jacobo D., Annen, Jitka, Gosseries, Olivia, Thibaut, Aurore, Panda, Rajanikant, Esteban, Francisco J., Laureys, Steven, Kringelbach, M.L., Langa Rosado, José Antonio, and Deco, Gustavo
Abstract: The self-organising global dynamics underlying brain states emerge from complex recursive nonlinear interactions between interconnected brain regions. Until now, most efforts of capturing the causal mechanistic generating principles have supposed underlying stationarity, being unable to describe the non-stationarity of brain dynamics, i.e. time-dependent changes. Here, we present a novel framework able to characterise brain states with high specificity, precisely by modelling the time-dependent dynamics. Through describing a topological structure associated to the brain state at each moment in time (its attractor or ‘information structure’), we are able to classify different brain states by using the statistics across time of these structures hitherto hidden in the neuroimaging dynamics. Proving the strong potential of this framework, we were able to classify resting-state BOLD fMRI signals from two classes of post-comatose patients (minimally conscious state and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) compared with healthy controls with very high precision.
Published: 2022

5. Nonlinear MPC for Tracking for a Class of Non-Convex Admissible Output Sets

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Cotorruelo, Andres, Rodríguez Ramírez, Daniel, Limón Marruedo, Daniel, Garone, Emanuele, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Cotorruelo, Andres, Rodríguez Ramírez, Daniel, Limón Marruedo, Daniel, and Garone, Emanuele
Abstract: This article presents an extension to the nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) for tracking scheme able to guarantee convergence even in cases of nonconvex output admissible sets. This is achieved by incorporating a convexifying homeomorphism in the optimization problem, allowing it to be solved in the convex space. A novel class of nonconvex sets is also defined for which a systematic procedure to construct a convexifying homeomorphism is provided. This homeomorphism is then embedded in the MPC optimization problem in such a way that the homeomorphism is no longer required in closed form. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is showcased through an illustrative example
Published: 2021

6. Modeling, Simulation and Optimal Operation of Multi-Extraction Packed-Bed Thermal Storage Systems

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Romero, Alberto, Chacartegui, Ricardo, Garone, Emanuele, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Romero, Alberto, Chacartegui, Ricardo, and Garone, Emanuele
Abstract: Solar thermal power technologies require storage systems to mitigate the natural variability of solar irradiation. Packed bed thermal storage systems (PBTES) offer a cost-effective solution using air as heat transfer fluid and rocks as a storage medium. Compared to its alternatives, however, PBTES presents a limited flexibility of operation due to the conventional unidirectional flow, which involves the progressive reduction of the outlet temperature during discharge and thus lowers the thermodynamic efficiency of the power cycle. The present study summarizes the progress on the design and optimal operation of a novel multi-extraction PBTES, a project that aims at mitigating its typically poor operational flexibility for solar power applications. To this end, a one-dimensional model with a high spatial resolution of a PBTES was developed, which includes four intermediate outlet points along the axial direction to investigate the benefits of optimal extraction operation. In order to reduce the computational burden, a coarser model of the storage system is used in combination with non-linear model predictive control (NLMPC). Through the optimal manipulation of the extraction valves, the output temperature is maintained close to a prescribed temperature throughout the discharge. The control admits not only constant temperature targets, but also time-varying scheduled profiles. This work describes the limitation of such a design and control approach and sets the direction for the future, more detailed analyses needed to demonstrate its applicability.
Published: 2020

7. Modeling, Simulation and Optimal Operation of Multi-Extraction Packed-Bed Thermal Storage Systems

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Romero García, Alberto, Chacartegui, Ricardo, Garone, Emanuele, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Romero García, Alberto, Chacartegui, Ricardo, and Garone, Emanuele
Abstract: Solar thermal power technologies require storage systems to mitigate the natural variability of solar irradiation. Packed bed thermal storage systems (PBTES) offer a cost-effective solution using air as heat transfer fluid and rocks as a storage medium. Compared to its alternatives, however, PBTES presents a limited flexibility of operation due to the conventional unidirectional flow, which involves the progressive reduction of the outlet temperature during discharge and thus lowers the thermodynamic efficiency of the power cycle. The present study summarizes the progress on the design and optimal operation of a novel multi-extraction PBTES, a project that aims at mitigating its typically poor operational flexibility for solar power applications. To this end, a one-dimensional model with a high spatial resolution of a PBTES was developed, which includes four intermediate outlet points along the axial direction to investigate the benefits of optimal extraction operation. In order to reduce the computational burden, a coarser model of the storage system is used in combination with non-linear model predictive control (NLMPC). Through the optimal manipulation of the extraction valves, the output temperature is maintained close to a prescribed temperature throughout the discharge. The control admits not only constant temperature targets, but also time-varying scheduled profiles. This work describes the limitation of such a design and control approach and sets the direction for the future, more detailed analyses needed to demonstrate its applicability.
Published: 2020

8. Beurre ou margarine ? Évolution de leur concurrence d’un point de vue économique, nutritionnel, gustatif et éthique (Belgique, XIXe-XXe siècles)

Author: UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS, Guiot, Flore, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS, and Guiot, Flore
Published: 2018

9. Placer pour nourrir, protéger et éduquer. Fondements et tensions autour des dispositifs de placement extrafamilial en Belgique (1912-1965)

Author: UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS, Guiot, Flore, François, Aurore, Education and Nature. 40th annual conference of the International Standing Conference for the History of Education (ISCHE), UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS, Guiot, Flore, François, Aurore, and Education and Nature. 40th annual conference of the International Standing Conference for the History of Education (ISCHE)
Published: 2018

10. Beurre ou margarine ? Evolution de leur concurrence d’un point de vue économique, nutritionnel, gustatif et éthique

Author: UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Guiot, Flore, Colloque TERESMA. Produits menacés, produits oubliés, produits disparus. Causes et mécanismes du déclin, XIVe - XXIe siècles, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Guiot, Flore, and Colloque TERESMA. Produits menacés, produits oubliés, produits disparus. Causes et mécanismes du déclin, XIVe - XXIe siècles
Published: 2017

11. Etudier la sécurité alimentaire en Belgique au XIXe siècle. Apport des approches théoriques de l’action publique

Author: UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Guiot, Flore, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, and Guiot, Flore
Published: 2017

12. Cantines et colonies pour « enfants débiles » : les secours alimentaires apportés aux enfants de faible constitution lors de la Première Guerre mondiale en Belgique

Author: UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S. - FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Guiot, Flore, Boire et Manger: une histoire culturelle, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S. - FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Guiot, Flore, and Boire et Manger: une histoire culturelle
Published: 2016

13. L'État belge face aux enjeux de qualité alimentaire dans la seconde moitié du 19e siècle. Responsabilisation et institutionnalisation consacrées par les lois des 17 mars 1856 et 4 août 1890 relatives à la falsification alimentaire

Author: UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la recherche scientifique - FNRS, Guiot, Flore, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la recherche scientifique - FNRS, and Guiot, Flore
Published: 2016

14. Atmospheric phosphorus deposition amplifies carbon sinks in simulations of a tropical forest in Central Africa

Author: Daniel S. Goll, Marijn Bauters, Haicheng Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Yves Balkanski, Rong Wang, Hans Verbeeck, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34823748, BOF16/STA/008, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO: G018319N, DSG and PC acknowledge support from the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (ANR: ANR-16-CONV-0003), HV from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO, grant no. G018319N) and the UGent special research fund (BOF16/STA/008), HZ from the ‘Lateral-CNP’ project (no. 34823748) supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique–FNRS. We acknowledge the use of data provided by the ESA CCI Land Cover project. We thank Marie Combe for handing over her discontinued initial modelling analysis to us., and ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016)
Subjects: tropical forest, nutrient limitation, Physiology, atmospheric deposition, land surface modelling, Plant Science, carbon sink, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Environmental Sciences, Africa, carbon cycle, cavelab, phosphorus
Abstract: International audience; Spatial redistribution of nutrients by atmospheric transport and deposition could theoretically act as a continental-scale mechanism which counteracts declines in soil fertility caused by nutrient lock-up in accumulating biomass in tropical forests in Central Africa. However, to what extent it affects carbon sinks in forests remains elusive. Here we use a terrestrial biosphere model to quantify the impact of changes in atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition on plant nutrition and biomass carbon sink at a typical lowland forest site in Central Africa. We find that the increase in nutrient deposition since the 1980s could have contributed to the carbon sink over the past four decades up to an extent which is similar to that from the combined effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate change. Furthermore, we find that the modelled carbon sink responds to changes in phosphorus deposition, but less so to nitrogen deposition. The pronounced response of ecosystem productivity to changes in nutrient deposition illustrates a potential mechanism that could control carbon sinks in Central Africa. Monitoring the quantity and quality of nutrient deposition is needed in this region, given the changes in nutrient deposition due to human land use.
Published: 2022
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15. Deciding feasibility of a booking in the European gas market on a cycle is in P for the case of passive networks

Author: Johannes Thürauf, Fränk Plein, Martine Labbé, Martin Schmidt, Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Trier University, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), and Martine Labbé has been partially supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS under Grant no PDR T0098.18. Fränk Plein thanks the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS for his Aspirant fellowship supporting the research for this publication. He also thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for their support within the project Z01 in CRC TRR 154. This research has been performed as part of the Energie Campus Nürnberg and is supported by funding of the Bavarian State Government. The third and fourth author also thank the DFG for their support within projects A05, B07, and B08 in CRC TRR 154. Finally, we want to thank Lars Schewe for many fruitful discussions on the topic of this paper.
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Gas networks, Mathematical optimization, Computational complexity theory, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Dimension (graph theory), 0211 other engineering and technologies, System of polynomial equations, Modèles mathématiques d'aide à la décision, 02 engineering and technology, Cycle, Optimisation de réseaux, Informatique mathématique, 0502 economics and business, Real algebraic geometry, Time complexity, European entry-exit market, 050210 logistics & transportation, computational complexity, 021103 operations research, cycle, 05 social sciences, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Maximization, potential-based flows, Potential-based flows, Computational complexity, Nonlinear system, Bookings, Flow (mathematics), bookings, Hardware and Architecture, 90B10, 90C30, 90C35, 90C90, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], gas networks, Software, Information Systems
Abstract: We show that the feasibility of a booking in the European entry-exit gas market can be decided in polynomial time on single-cycle networks that are passive, i.e. do not contain controllable elements. The feasibility of a booking can be characterized by solving polynomially many nonlinear potential-based flow models for computing so-called potential-difference maximizing load flow scenarios. We thus analyze the structure of these models and exploit both the cyclic graph structure as well as specific properties of potential-based flows. This enables us to solve the decision variant of the nonlinear potential-difference maximization by reducing it to a system of polynomials of constant dimension that is independent of the cycle's size. This system of fixed dimension can be handled with tools from real algebraic geometry to derive a polynomial-time algorithm. The characterization in terms of potential-difference maximizing load flow scenarios then leads to a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding the feasibility of a booking. Our theoretical results extend the existing knowledge about the complexity of deciding the feasibility of bookings from trees to single-cycle networks., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2021
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16. A Lightweight Depth Estimation Network for Wide-Baseline Light Fields

Author: Lu Zhang, Yan Li, Gauthier Lafruit, Qiong Wang, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Zhejiang University of Technology, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), China Scholarship Council China Scholarship Council, Van Buuren-Jaumotte-Demoulin doctoral funding, National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [62002326], Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS, Belgium Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS [33679514], EU European Commission [951989], Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Computer science, Feature extraction, convolutional neural network, 02 engineering and technology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, computer.software_genre, Convolutional neural network, Convolution, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], depth estimation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Training, Baseline (configuration management), Light field, lightweight, synthetic dataset, wide-baseline, Volume (computing), Cameras, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Variable (computer science), Streaming media, narrow-baseline, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Human computer interaction, Data mining, Estimation, computer, Software
Abstract: International audience; Existing traditional and ConvNet-based methods for light field depth estimation mainly work on the narrow-baseline scenario. This paper explores the feasibility and capability of ConvNets to estimate depth in another promising scenario: wide-baseline light fields. Due to the deficiency of training samples, a large-scale and diverse synthetic wide-baseline dataset with labelled data is introduced for depth prediction tasks. Considering the practical goal for real-world applications, we design an end-to-end trained lightweight convolutional network to infer depths from light fields, called LLF-Net. The proposed LLF-Net is built by incorporating a cost volume which allows variable angular light field inputs and an attention module that enables to recover details at occlusion areas. Evaluations are made on the synthetic and real-world wide-baseline light fields, and experimental results show that the proposed network achieves the best performance when compared to recent state-of-the-art methods. We also evaluate our LLF-Net on narrow-baseline datasets, and it consequently improves the performance of previous methods.
Published: 2021
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17. A Bilevel Optimization Approach to Decide the Feasibility of Bookings in the European Gas Market

Author: Martine Labbé, Fränk Plein, Martin Schmidt, Johannes Thürauf, Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Trier University, and Martine Labbé has been partially supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS under Grant no PDR T0098.18. Fränk Plein thanks the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS for his Aspirant fellowship supporting the research for this publication. This research has been performed as part of the Energie Campus Nürnberg and is supported by funding of the Bavarian State Government. Martin Schmidt and Johannes Thürauf thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for their support within projects A05, B07, and B08 in CRC TRR 154.
Subjects: Control valves, European entry-exit market, Mathematical optimization, Gas networks, Mathematical problem, Basis (linear algebra), General Mathematics, Control (management), Bilevel optimization, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Management Science and Operations Research, Active elements, Lead (geology), Bookings, 90B10, 90C11, 90C35, 90C46, 90C90, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], ddc:510, Gas compressor, Software, Active networking
Abstract: The European gas market is organized as a so-called entry-exit system with the main goal to decouple transport and trading. To this end, gas traders and the transmission system operator (TSO) sign so-called booking contracts that grant capacity rights to traders to inject or withdraw gas at certain nodes up to this capacity. On a day-ahead basis, traders then nominate the actual amount of gas within the previously booked capacities. By signing a booking contract, the TSO guarantees that all nominations within the booking bounds can be transported through the network. This results in a highly challenging mathematical problem. Using potential-based flows to model stationary gas physics, feasible bookings on passive networks, i.e., networks without controllable elements, have been characterized in the recent literature. In this paper, we consider networks with linearly modeled active elements such as compressors or control valves. Since these active elements allow the TSO to control the gas flow, the single-level approaches for passive networks from the literature are no longer applicable. We thus present a bilevel model to decide the feasibility of bookings in networks with active elements. While this model is well-defined for general active networks, we focus on the class of networks for which active elements do not lie on cycles. This assumption allows us to reformulate the original bilevel model such that the lower-level problem is linear for every given upper-level decision. Consequently, we derive several single-level reformulations for this case. Besides the classic Karush–Kuhn–Tucker reformulation, we obtain three problem-specific optimal-value-function reformulations. The latter also lead to novel characterizations of feasible bookings in networks with active elements that do not lie on cycles. We compare the performance of our methods by a case study based on data from the .
Published: 2022

18. Projected land ice contributions to twenty-first-century sea level rise

Author: Luke D. Trusel, Brian Anderson, Youngmin Choi, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Courtney Shafer, Cheng Zhao, William H. Lipscomb, Erika Simon, Sébastien Le clec'h, Victoria Lee, Thomas Kleiner, Donald Slater, Tore Hattermann, Matthias Huss, James F. O’Neill, Sainan Sun, Philip Kraaijenbrink, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Richard I. Cullather, Christophe Dumas, Christopher J. Smith, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Eric Larour, Rupert Gladstone, Jonas Van Breedam, Xavier Fettweis, Christine M. McKenna, Fiona Turner, Nicole Schlegel, Patrick Alexander, Walter W. Immerzeel, Gunter R. Leguy, Torsten Albrecht, Nicholas R. Golledge, Fabien Maussion, Fiammetta Straneo, Valentina Radić, Antony J. Payne, Robin S. Smith, Andrew Bliss, Heiko Goelzer, Andrew Shepherd, Frank Pattyn, Lev Tarasov, Mathieu Morlighem, Christopher Chambers, Tamsin L. Edwards, Reinhard Calov, Koji Fujita, Harry Zekollari, Nicolas Champollion, Akiko Sakai, Sarah Shannon, Ralf Greve, Stephen Price, Isabel Nias, Ricarda Winkelmann, David R. Rounce, Tong Zhang, Jan Hendrik Malles, Ben Marzeion, Roderik S. W. van de Wal, Helene Seroussi, Christopher M. Little, Cécile Agosta, Martin Rückamp, Philippe Huybrechts, Regine Hock, Angelika Humbert, Xylar Asay-Davis, Denis Felikson, Aurélien Quiquet, Daniel F. Martin, Andy Aschwanden, Matthew J. Hoffman, Tyler Pelle, Ronja Reese, Jonathan M. Gregory, Thomas Zwinger, Alice Barthel, Sophie Nowicki, J. K. Cuzzone, Daniel P. Lowry, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS Horizon 2020: 820829 Australian Government: ASCI000002 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 869304 U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE O0100718F British Antarctic Survey, BAS Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF: 01LP1504D, FKZ 01LP1502C Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, OCW: 024.002.001 Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: NE/T007443/1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: WI4556/2-1, 01LP1925D, WI4556/4-1 Norges Forskningsråd: 270061, 295046 American Research Center in Sofia, ARCS National Science Foundation, NSF: 1852977 National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: NNX17AG65G, 820575 U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN: JP16H02224, JP17H06104, JP17H06323 Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, OCW Office of Science, SC Suomen Akatemia: 286587, 322430 National Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Netherlands Earth System Science Centre, NESSC European Space Agency, ESA U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO: SR/00/336 National Science Foundation, NSF: PLR-1644277, PLR-1603799 Universiteit Utrecht, UU European Regional Development Fund, ERDF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF: WI4556/3-1 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Natural Environment Research Council, NERC Natural Environment Research Council, NERC Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment, MBIE: RTUV1705, ANTA1801 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA: NE/T009381/1 Biological and Environmental Research, BER: DE-AC02-05CH11231 Australian Research Council, ARC: SR140300001 European Commission, EC Office of Science, SC: DE-SC0020073 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho: JPMXD1420318865, JPMXD1300000000 Advanced Scientific Computing Research, ASCR, Acknowledgements We thank J. Rougier for providing advice and support throughout, and writing the original random effects model. We also thank B. Fox-Kemper, H. Hewitt, R. Kopp, S. Drijfhout and J. Rohmer for discussions, suggestions and support. We thank N. Barrand, W. Chang, V. Volodina and D. Williamson for their thorough and constructive comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. We thank the Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) Project, which provided support for ISMIP6 and GlacierMIP through sponsoring of workshops, hosting the websites and ISMIP6 wiki, and promotion. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme, which, through its Working Group on Coupled Modelling, coordinated and promoted CMIP5 and CMIP6. We thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output, the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) for archiving the CMIP data and providing access, the University at Buffalo for ISMIP6 data distribution and upload, and the multiple funding agencies who support CMIP5 and CMIP6 and ESGF. We thank the ISMIP6 steering committee, the ISMIP6 model selection group and the ISMIP6 dataset preparation group for their continuous engagement in defining ISMIP6. This is ISMIP6 contribution no. 13. This publication was supported by PROTECT, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 869304. This is PROTECT contribution number 12. T.L.E. was supported by PROTECT and the UK Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/T007443/1. F.T. was supported by PROTECT. J.F.O’N. was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council London Doctoral Training Partnership. R. Gladstone’s contribution was supported by Academy of Finland grants 286587 and 322430, and T. Zwinger’s by grant 322430. W.H.L. and G.R.L. were supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement no. 1852977. Computing and data storage resources for CISM simulations, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR. Support for X.A.-D., M.J.H., S.F.P. and T. Zhang was provided through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) programme funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Biological and Environmental Research programmes. N.R.G., D.P.L. and B.A. were supported by New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment contracts RTUV1705 (‘NZSeaRise’) and ANTA1801 (‘Antarctic Science Platform’). J.M.G. and R.S.S. were supported by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science, funded by the UK National Environment Research Council. R. Calov was funded by the PalMod project of the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) with the grants FKZ 01LP1502C and 01LP1504D. D.F.M. and C.S. were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) and Biological and Environmental Research (BER), of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, as a part of the ProSPect SciDAC Partnership. BISICLES simulations used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a US Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. C.Z. and B.K.G.-F. were supported under the Australian Research Council’s Special Research Initiative for Antarctic Gateway Partnership (project ID SR140300001) and received grant funding from the Australian Government for the Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (project ID ASCI000002). Work was performed by E.L., N.-J.S. and H.S. at the California Institute of Technology’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, support was provided by grants from NASA’s Cryospheric Science, Sea Level Change Team, and Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) programmes. They acknowledge computational resources and support from the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. The CMIP5 and CMIP6 projection data were processed by C.M.M. with funding from the European Union’s CONSTRAIN project as part of the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement number 820829. A. Barthel was supported by the DOE Office of Science HiLAT-RASM project and Early Career Research programme. T.A. and R.W. are supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the framework of the priority programme ‘Antarctic research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas’ by grants WI4556/2-1 and WI4556/4-1, and within the framework of the PalMod project (FKZ: 01LP1925D) supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as a Research for Sustainability initiative (FONA). R.R. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) by grant WI4556/3-1 and through the TiPACCs project that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement no. 820575. Development of PISM is supported by NASA grant NNX17AG65G and NSF grants PLR-1603799 and PLR-1644277. The authors gratefully acknowledge the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Land Brandenburg for supporting this project by providing resources for the high-performance computer system at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Computer resources for this project have also been provided by the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing, Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (http://www.lrz.de, last access: 16 July 2020) under project IDs pr94ga and pn69ru. R. Greve and C.C. were supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant nos JP16H02224 and JP17H06323. R. Greve was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant no. JP17H06104, by a Leadership Research Grant of Hokkaido University’s Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS), and by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS, ArCS II) project of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (programme grant nos JPMXD1300000000, JPMXD1420318865). F.P. and S. Sun were supported by the MIMO project within the STEREO III programme of the Belgian Science Policy Office, contract SR/00/336 and the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) and the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (FWO) under the EOS project no. O0100718F. A. Shepherd was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council in partnership with the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling and the British Antarctic Survey and by the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative. D.F. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. R.v.d.W. acknowledges the support of the Future Deltas programme of Utrecht University. C.J.S. was supported by a NERC/IIASA Collaborative Research Fellowship (NE/T009381/1). H.G. has received funding from the programme of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) under grant no. 024.002.001 and from the Research Council of Norway under projects INES (270061) and KeyClim (295046). F.S. acknowledges support from DOE Office of Science grant no. DE-SC0020073. High-performance computing and storage resources were provided by the Norwegian Infrastructure for Computational Science through projects NN9560K, NN9252K, NS9560K, NS9252K and NS5011K., University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Hydrologie, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Proceskunde, Sub Algemeen Marine & Atmospheric Res, Earth System Sciences, Geography, Physical Geography, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Science & Technology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, Taverne, G1, SDG 13 - Climate Action, 0101 mathematics, General, Coastal flood, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Global warming, G Geography (General), DAS, Glacier, Glaciologie, Snow, Climate Action, Current (stream), Sea level rise, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Ice sheet, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract: The land ice contribution to global mean sea level rise has not yet been predicted 1 using ice sheet and glacier models for the latest set of socio-economic scenarios, nor using coordinated exploration of uncertainties arising from the various computer models involved. Two recent international projects generated a large suite of projections using multiple models 2–8, but primarily used previous-generation scenarios 9 and climate models 10, and could not fully explore known uncertainties. Here we estimate probability distributions for these projections under the new scenarios 11,12 using statistical emulation of the ice sheet and glacier models. We find that limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius would halve the land ice contribution to twenty-first-century sea level rise, relative to current emissions pledges. The median decreases from 25 to 13 centimetres sea level equivalent (SLE) by 2100, with glaciers responsible for half the sea level contribution. The projected Antarctic contribution does not show a clear response to the emissions scenario, owing to uncertainties in the competing processes of increasing ice loss and snowfall accumulation in a warming climate. However, under risk-averse (pessimistic) assumptions, Antarctic ice loss could be five times higher, increasing the median land ice contribution to 42 centimetres SLE under current policies and pledges, with the 95th percentile projection exceeding half a metre even under 1.5 degrees Celsius warming. This would severely limit the possibility of mitigating future coastal flooding. Given this large range (between 13 centimetres SLE using the main projections under 1.5 degrees Celsius warming and 42 centimetres SLE using risk-averse projections under current pledges), adaptation planning for twenty-first-century sea level rise must account for a factor-of-three uncertainty in the land ice contribution until climate policies and the Antarctic response are further constrained.
Published: 2021
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19. Bilevel Optimization Approaches to Decide the Feasibility of Bookings in the European Gas Market

Author: Plein, Fränk, Thürauf, Johannes, Labbé, Martine, Schmidt, Martin, Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Trier University, and Martine Labbé has been partially supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS under Grant no PDR T0098.18. Fränk Plein thanks the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS for his Aspirant fellowship supporting the research for this publication. This research has been performed as part of the Energie Campus Nürnberg and is supported by funding of the Bavarian State Government. Martin Schmidt and Johannes Thürauf thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for their support within projects A05, B07, and B08 in CRC TRR 154.
Subjects: European entry-exit market, Gas networks, Active elements, Bookings, Bilevel optimization, 90B10, 90C11, 90C35, 90C46, 90C90, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC]
Abstract: The European gas market is organized as a so-called entry-exit system with the main goal to decouple transport and trading. To this end, gas traders and the transmission system operator (TSO) sign so-called booking contracts that grant capacity rights to traders to inject or withdraw gas at certain nodes up to this capacity. On a day-ahead basis, traders then nominate the actual amount of gas within the previously booked capacities. By signing a booking contract, the TSO guarantees that all nominations within the booking bounds can be transported through the network. This results in a highly challenging mathematical problem. Using potential-based flows to model stationary gas physics, feasible bookings on passive networks, i.e., networks without controllable elements, have been characterized in the recent literature. In this paper, we consider networks with linearly modeled active elements such as compressors and control valves that do not lie on cycles of the network. Since these active elements allow the TSO to control the gas flow, the single-level approaches from the literature are no longer applicable. We thus present a bilevel approach to decide the feasibility of bookings in networks with active elements. Besides the classical Karush-Kuhn-Tucker reformulation, we obtain three problem-specific optimal-value-function reformulations, which also lead to novel characterizations of feasible bookings in active networks. We compare the performance of our methods by a case study based on data from the GasLib.
Published: 2021

20. Genetic architecture of individual variation in recombination rate on the X chromosome in cattle

Author: Junjie Zhang, Erik Mullaart, Didier Boichard, Michel Georges, Naveen Kumar Kadri, Carole Charlier, Richard J. Spelman, Sébastien Fritz, Tom Druet, GIGA [Université Liège], Université de Liège, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), CRV, Arnhem, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton (LIC), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Allice, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS T.0080.20, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, European Project: 323030,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120314,DAMONA(2013), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, X Chromosome, Genotype, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, 10. No inequality, Genetics (clinical), X chromosome, Recombination, Genetic, Genetic diversity, Autosome, Genetic Variation, Chromosome, Heritability, Genetic architecture, Pedigree, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Cattle, Female, Homologous recombination, Recombination
Abstract: International audience; Meiotic recombination is an essential biological process that ensures proper chromosome segregation and creates genetic diversity. Individual variation in global recombination rates has been shown to be heritable in several species, and variants significantly associated with this trait have been identified. Recombination on the sex chromosome has often been ignored in these studies although this trait may be particularly interesting as it may correspond to a biological process distinct from that on autosomes. For instance, recombination in males is restricted to the pseudo-autosomal region (PAR). We herein used a large cattle pedigree with more than 100,000 genotyped animals to improve the genetic map of the X chromosome and to study the genetic architecture of individual variation in recombination rate on the sex chromosome (XRR). The length of the genetic map was 46.4 and 121.2 cM in males and females, respectively, but the recombination rate in the PAR was six times higher in males. The heritability of CO counts on the X chromosome was comparable to that of autosomes in males (0.011) but larger than that of autosomes in females (0.024). XRR was highly correlated (0.76) with global recombination rate (GRR) in females, suggesting that both traits might be governed by shared variants. In agreement, a set of eleven previously identified variants associated with GRR had correlated effects on female XRR (0.86). In males, XRR and GRR appeared to be distinct traits, although more accurate CO counts on the PAR would be valuable to confirm these results.
Published: 2020
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21. Impact of literacy on the functional connectivity of vision and language related networks

Author: Régine Kolinsky, Lucia Willadino Braga, Diana López-Barroso, Alexandre Guerreiro-Tauil, Stanislas Dehaene, Laurent D. Cohen, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Jose Morais, [López-Barroso,D, Thiebaut de Schotten,M, Cohen,L] Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. [López-Barroso,D] Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain. [López-Barroso,D] Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain. [Thiebaut de Schotten,M] Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France. [Thiebaut de Schotten,M] Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. [Morais,J, Kolinsky,R] Unité de Recherche en Neurosciences Cognitives (UNESCOG), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. [Kolinsky,R] Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium. [Braga,LW, Guerreiro-Tauil,A] SARAH Network, International Center for Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Brasilia, Brazil. [Dehaene,S] Collège de France, Paris, France . [Dehaene,S] INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, NeuroSpin Center, France. [Dehaene,S] Commissariat a l ’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut Frédéric Joliot, Neurospin Center, France . [Dehaene,S] Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France. [Cohen,L] Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié Salêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France., This work was supported by the Cr edit Agricole Ile-de-France, the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (project PHENOTYPES, no. ANR-13-JSV4-0001-01), the SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, and the program 'Investissement d’avenir' (ANR-10-IAIHU-06). R. Kolinsky is Research Director of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique–FNRS(FRS–FNRS), Belgium., Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric JOLIOT (JOLIOT), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, genetic structures, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Communication::Language [Medical Subject Headings], Literacy, Alfabetización, Visual Word Form Area, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], [SCCO]Cognitive science, Functional connectivity, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), Neural Pathways, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Percepción visual, Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Perception::Visual Perception [Medical Subject Headings], Visual word form area, Phenomena and Processes::Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena::Nervous System Physiological Phenomena::Nervous System Physiological Processes::Neuronal Plasticity [Medical Subject Headings], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Lectura, Language, Brain Mapping, Neuronal Plasticity, 05 social sciences, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Neuroimaging::Functional Neuroimaging::Brain Mapping [Medical Subject Headings], [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Independent Component Analysis, Temporal Lobe, Left fronto-parietal network, Identification (information), Neurology, Female, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, VWFA, Adult, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Tomography::Magnetic Resonance Imaging [Medical Subject Headings], Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings], 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, Region of interest, Lenguaje, Neurologie, Neuroplasticity, Learning to read, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Information Science::Information Science::Communication::Language::Language Arts::Reading [Medical Subject Headings], Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult [Medical Subject Headings], lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Information Science::Information Science::Computing Methodologies::Image Processing, Computer-Assisted [Medical Subject Headings], Neurosciences cognitives, Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged [Medical Subject Headings], Age of Acquisition, Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings], Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Prosencephalon::Telencephalon::Cerebrum::Cerebral Cortex::Temporal Lobe [Medical Subject Headings], Anatomy::Nervous System::Neural Pathways [Medical Subject Headings], [SDV.NEU.SC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Learning to read leads to functional and structural changes in cortical brain areas related to vision and language. Previous evidence suggests that the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA), a region devoted to the recognition of letter strings in literate persons, acts as an interface between both systems. While different studies have performed univariate analyses to study the effects of literacy on brain function, little is known about its impact on whole functional networks, especially when literacy is acquired during adulthood. We investigated functional connectivity in three groups of adults with different literacy status: illiterates, ex-illiterates (i.e. who learned to read during adulthood), and literates (i.e. who learned to read in childhood). We used a data-driven, multivariate whole brain approach (Independent Component Analysis [ICA]) combined with a region of interest (ROI) analysis in order to explore the functional connectivity of the VWFA with four ICA networks related to vision and language functions. ICA allowed for the identification of four networks of interest: left fronto-parietal, auditory, medial visual and lateral visual functional networks, plus a control right fronto-parietal network. We explored the effects literacy on the connectivity between the VWFA and these networks, trying furthermore to disentangle the roles of reading proficiency and age of acquisition (i.e. literacy status) in these changes. Results showed that functional connectivity between the VWFA and the left fronto-parietal and lateral visual networks increased and decreased, respectively, with literacy. Moreover, the functional coupling of the VWFA and the auditory network decreased with literacy. This study provides novel insights in the mechanisms of reading acquisition and brain plasticity, putting to light the emergence of the VWFA as a bridge between language and vision. Further studies are required to characterize the interplay of proficiency and age of reading acquisition, and its relevance to models of brain plasticity across lifespan., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020
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22. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa undetected by WHO-endorsed commercial tests: an observational study

Author: Bouke C. de Jong, Lufuno Razwiedani, Agathe Jouet, Jean-Charles Delvenne, Ndivhuho Agnes Makhado, Stefan Niemann, Léonie Goeminne, Fairouz Boutachkourt, Cyril Gaudin, Patrick Beckert, Maphoshane Nchabeleng, Gugu Maphalala, Emmanuel André, Mauro Faccin, Michel Delmée, Philip Supply, Claire Pinçon, Edith Matabane, Santé publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins-EA 2694 (CERIM), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN biologiques (LCRB - UMR 8015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Molecular Mycobacteriology Group, National Reference Center for Mycobacyeria, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS], Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biomedical Sciences [Antwerp], Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 (METRICS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Tuberculosis, Genotyping Techniques, 030106 microbiology, Mutation, Missense, Drug resistance, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Disease Outbreaks, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, South Africa, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Gene Frequency, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, medicine, Humans, Diagnostic Errors, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sanger sequencing, biology, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, rpoB, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Multiple drug resistance, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, chemistry, symbols, Female, Mutant Proteins, Human medicine, Bedaquiline, Rifampicin, medicine.drug
Abstract: Summary Background Global roll-out of rapid molecular assays is revolutionising the diagnosis of rifampicin resistance, predictive of multidrug-resistance, in tuberculosis. However, 30% of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains in an eSwatini study harboured the Ile491Phe mutation in the rpoB gene, which is associated with poor rifampicin-based treatment outcomes but is missed by commercial molecular assays or scored as susceptible by phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing deployed in South Africa. We evaluated the presence of Ile491Phe among South African tuberculosis isolates reported as isoniazid-monoresistant according to current national testing algorithms. Methods We screened records of 37 644 Mycobacterium tuberculosis positive cultures from four South African provinces, diagnosed at the National Health Laboratory Service–Dr George Mukhari Tertiary Laboratory, to identify isolates with rifampicin sensitivity and isoniazid resistance according to Xpert MTB/RIF, GenoType MTBDRplus, and BACTEC MGIT 960. Of 1823 isolates that met these criteria, 277 were randomly selected and screened for Ile491Phe with multiplex allele-specific PCR and Sanger sequencing of rpoB. Ile491Phe-positive strains (as well as 17 Ile491Phe-bearing isolates from the eSwatini study) were then tested by Deeplex-MycTB deep sequencing and whole-genome sequencing to evaluate their patterns of extensive resistance, transmission, and evolution. Findings Ile491Phe was identified in 37 (15%) of 249 samples with valid multiplex allele-specific PCR and sequencing results, thus reclassifying them as MDR. All 37 isolates were additionally identified as genotypically resistant to all first-line drugs by Deeplex-MycTB. Six of the South African isolates harboured four distinct mutations potentially associated with decreased bedaquiline sensitivity. Consistent with Deeplex-MycTB genotypic profiles, whole-genome sequencing revealed concurrent silent spread in South Africa of a MDR tuberculosis strain lineage extending from the eSwatini outbreak and at least another independently emerged Ile491Phe-bearing lineage. Whole-genome sequencing further suggested acquisition of mechanisms compensating for the Ile491Phe fitness cost, and of additional bedaquiline resistance following the introduction of this drug in South Africa. Interpretation A substantial number of MDR tuberculosis cases harbouring the Ile491Phe mutation in the rpoB gene in South Africa are missed by current diagnostic strategies, resulting in ineffective first-line treatment, continued amplification of drug resistance, and concurrent silent spread in the community. Funding VLIR-UOS, National Research Foundation (South Africa), and INNOVIRIS.
Published: 2018
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23. Landscape genetic analyses of Cervus elaphus and Sus scrofa: comparative study and analytical developments

Author: Sabine Bertouille, Sylvain Piry, Marie-Christine Flamand, Alain Licoppe, Alain C. Frantz, Jérôme G. Prunier, Simon Dellicour, Marie Christine Eloy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rega Institute for Medical Research, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut des sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Département de l’étude du milieu naturel et agricole, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), fondation Faune-Flore, Partenaires INRAE, Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg (MNHN), Public Service of Wallonia (PSW), General Directorate for Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS : 2.4520.11, Wiener-Anspach Foundation, FWO, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, and UCL - SST/LIBST - Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Multivariate analysis, Génétique clinique, Genotype, Swine, Sus scrofa, Animals, Wild, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Belgium, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Genetic variability, Genetics (clinical), Deer, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Univariate, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, Microsatellite, Pairwise comparison, Biologie, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Red deer and wild boar are two major game species whose populations are managed and live in areas impacted by human activities. Measuring and understanding the impact of landscape features on individual movements and spatial patterns of genetic variability in these species is thus of importance for managers. A large number of individuals sampled across Wallonia (Belgium) for both species have been genotyped using microsatellite markers (respectively > 1700 and > 1200 genotyped individuals) and some individuals have also been followed using a capture-mark-recapture (CMR) protocol. The combined data set represents an unprecedented opportunity to study and compare the environmental factors impacting the interconnectivity of these large mammals. The present study describes and uses a landscape genetic workflow to compare spatial patterns of genetic variability and the impact of environmental factors on genetic differentiation. For the latter analyses, we investigate the correlation between genetic and environmental distances (pairwise approach) and also between local genetic dissimilarity and environmental conditions (point approach). Preliminary analyses of CMR data confirm that motorways act as significant barriers to dispersal. However, analyses performed with the pairwise approach do not highlight any evidence of an impact of motorways on genetic differentiation, which is presumably due to their recent establishment. Complementary analyses performed with the point approach reveal that low altitude tends to be associated with higher genetic dissimilarity. From a methodological point of view, the present workflow illustrates the complementary application of both pairwise and point approaches, as well as univariate and multivariate analyses., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019
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24. Straightforward prediction of the Ni1-xO layers stoichiometry by using optical and electrochemical measurements

Author: Gauthier Eppe, Catherine Henrist, Aline Rougier, Pierre Colson, Rudi Cloots, Laura Manceriu, Ngoc Duy Nguyen, Anthony Maho, Christine Labrugère, GREENMAT-LCIS, Université de Liège, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Chemistry Department, Physics Department (UR CESAM SPIN), Plateforme Aquitaine de Caractérisation des Matériaux (PLACAMAT), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Cellule d'Appui à la Recherche et à l'Enseignement en Microscopie (CAREM), and the Walloon Region of Belgium for the funding of the Exactacoat Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis equipment through the SMARTSPRAY project (n°1117339, Greenomat). Laura Manceriu is grateful to the Walloon Region and AGC Flatglass (Convention de sous-traitance n°7428) for post-doctoral financial support. Anthony Maho thanks 'Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique' (FNRS) for post-doctoral financial support (FC 86864).
Subjects: optical properties, Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Oxide, Analytical chemistry, nickel oxide, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Crystallinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, stoichiometry evaluation, impedance spectroscopy, Open-circuit voltage, Nickel oxide, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Dielectric spectroscopy, chemistry, thin films, Electrochromism, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In this study, we propose a straightforward method for x determination in sub-stoichiometric nickel oxide (Ni1−x O) films prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis on fluor-tin oxide (FTO) substrates by varying the post-deposition thermal treatment. The Ni3+ concentration, the flat band potential (Φfb) and the open circuit potential (V oc) were determined by electrochemical impedance analysis in aqueous media and correlated to the transmission of Ni1−x O films. An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study was also performed to quantify the amount of Ni3+ in the films and compare it with the one determined by electrochemical analysis. The electrochromic behavior of the Ni1−x O films in non-aqueous electrolyte was investigated as well.With increasing Ni3+ concentration the films became more brownish and more conductive, both V oc and Φfb values increased. Calibration curves of transmission at 550 nm or open circuit potential versus carrier concentration were plotted and allowed the prediction of x in an unknown Ni1−x O sample. The Ni1−x O films characterized by the highest Ni3+ concentration have a darker colored state but lower transmission modulation, due to their reduced specific surface and increased crystallinity.
Published: 2017
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25. Microbiota and pathogens in an invasive bee: Megachile sculpturalis from native and invaded regions

Author: Tina Tuerlings, Amanda Hettiarachchi, Marie Joossens, Benoît Geslin, Nicolas J. Vereecken, Denis Michez, Guy Smagghe, Peter Vandamme, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique -FNRS, and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Subjects: Anthidium florentinum, Halictus scabiosae, gut microbiota, Insect Science, Genetics, parasites, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Megachile sculpturalis, Molecular Biology
Abstract: International audience; The present study aimed to characterise the bacterial, fungal and parasite gut community of the invasive bee Megachile sculpturalis sampled from native (Japan) and invaded (USA and France) regions via 16S rRNA and ITS2 amplicon sequencing and PCR detection of bee microparasites. The bacterial and fungal gut microbiota communities in bees from invaded regions were highly similar and differed strongly from those obtained in Japan. Core amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) within each population represented environmental micro-organisms commonly present in bee-associated niches that likely provide beneficial functions to their host. Although the overall bacterial and fungal communities of the invasive M. sculpturalis in France and the co-foraging native bees Anthidium florentinum and Halictus scabiosae, were significantly different, five out of eight core ASVs were shared suggesting common environmental sources and potential transmission. None of the 46 M. sculpturalis bees analysed harboured known bee pathogens, while microparasite infections were common in A. florentinum, and rare in H. scabiosae. A common shift in the gut microbiota of M. sculpturalis in invaded regions as a response to changed environmental conditions, or a founder effect coupled to population re-establishment in the invaded regions may explain the observed microbial community profiles and the absence of parasites. While the role of pathogen pressure in shaping biological invasions is still debated, the absence of natural enemies may contribute to the invasion success of M. sculpturalis.
Published: 2023
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26. Can underemployment persist in an expanding economy? Clues from a non-Walrasian OLG model with endogenous longevity

Author: Gregory Ponthiere, Center of Research in Public Economics and Population Economics (CREPP), Université de Liège, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS]
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Labour economics, Short run, media_common.quotation_subject, Wage, Longevity, Overlapping generations model, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, OLG model : Underemployment : Longevity, Underemployment, Bargaining power, Economics, Production (economics), Wage bargaining, Emerging markets, media_common
Abstract: This paper aims at casting a new light on the persistence of underemployment in emerging economies, by examining the relationship between labour market imperfections and longevity changes. For that purpose, we develop a two-period OLG model where longevity depends positively on the real wage, but negatively on the underemployment level, which both result from wage negotiations between a trade-union, representing workers (i.e. young generation), and the management, representing capital-holders (i.e. old generation). The existence, uniqueness and stability of a non-trivial steady-state equilibrium are studied. The distribution of bargaining power is shown to be a major determinant of the short run and long run dynamics of employment, production and longevity. The dynamics is also shown to be significantly sensitive to the precise form under which job quality affects longevity.
Published: 2008
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27. La rançon du serment. Un accord à l’amiable au tribunal fatimide de Ṭalīt

Author: Mathieu Tillier, Vanthieghem Naïm, Tillier, Mathieu, Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), ORIENT ET MÉDITERRANÉE : Textes, Archéologie, Histoire (OM), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS]
Subjects: relations islamo-chrétiennes, serment, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Ṭuṭūn, al-Ḥākim, Fayoum, Ṭalīt, dettes, compromis (ṣulḥ), [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Égypte fatimide, tribunal
Abstract: Cet article présente l’édition d’un procès-verbal d’audience au tribunal de Ṭalīt, un bourg du Fayoum méridional. Daté du règne du calife al-Ḥākim, il enregistre un accord à l’amiable entre un musulman et un chrétien à propos d’une dette. Le texte apporte de précieux renseignements sur les relations complexes entre Ṭalīt et la localité voisine de Ṭuṭūn. Il illustre par ailleurs la procédure, prévue par certaines écoles juridiques, évitant à un défendeur de prêter serment contre le versement d’une somme à son adversaire., The price of the Oath: Consensual justice before the Fatimid Court of Talit. This article presents the edition of a court record from the tribunal of Ṭalīt, a village in the southern Fayyūm. The document, which dates from the reign of the caliph al-Ḥākim, records an amicable settlement between a Muslim and a Christian regarding the repayment of a debt. The text provides valuable information about the complex relationships between Ṭalīt and the neighbouring town of Ṭuṭūn, and it exemplifies the procedure by which, according to several legal schools, a defendant could avoid taking an oath by paying his adversary a settlement.
Published: 2016

28. The impact of 2020 French municipal elections on the spread of COVID-19

Author: Guilhem Cassan, Marc Sangnier, Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), CEPR, Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications (CEPREMAP), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre de Recherche en Economie et Droit (CRED), Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, Development Finance and Public Policies (DeFiPP), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS under EOS Project O020918F (EOS ID 30784531), ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL (ECO ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: Hospitalizations, Economics and Econometrics, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior, genetic structures, Electoral turnout, health care facilities, manpower, and services, COVID-19, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I10 - General, Municipal elections, health services administration, ACL-2 / HCERES A, JEL: P - Economic Systems/P.P1 - Capitalist Systems/P.P1.P16 - Political Economy, Prediction errors, health care economics and organizations, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Soon after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government decided to still hold the first round of the 2020 municipal elections as scheduled on March 15. What was the impact of these elections on the spread of COVID-19 in France? Answering this question leads to intricate econometric issues as omitted variables may drive both epidemiological dynamics and electoral turnout, and as a national lockdown was imposed at almost the same time as the elections. In order to disentangle the effect of the elections from that of confounding factors, we first predict each department’s epidemiological dynamics using information up to the election. We then take advantage of differences in electoral turnout across departments to identify the impact of the election on prediction errors in hospitalizations. We report a detrimental effect of the first round of the election on hospitalizations in locations that were already at relatively advanced stages of the epidemic. Estimates suggest that the elections accounted for at least 3,000 hospitalizations, or 11% of all hospitalizations by the end of March. Given the sizable health cost of holding elections during an epidemic, promoting ways of voting that reduce exposure to COVID-19 is key until the pandemic shows signs of abating.
Published: 2022
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29. Chemical Surface Grafting of Pt Nanocatalysts for Reconciling Methanol Tolerance with Methanol Oxidation Activity

Author: Quentin Lenne, Alice Mattiuzzi, Ivan Jabin, Ludovic Troian‐Gautier, Jonathan Hamon, Yann R. Leroux, Corinne Lagrost, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), X4C, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - EPUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), This work is supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR –CE50-2021-MARCEL project).Q.L. thanks the French Ministry of Research for financial support. The authors are grateful to L.Rault for the assistance in TEM experiments performed on THEMIS platform (CPER-FEDER 2007–2014) and to F. Gouttefangeas for SEM experiments performed on CMEBA platform (THEMIS/CMEBA, ScanMAT, UMS 2R011 University of Rennes 1-CNRS, Rennes, France). B. Lefeuvre (ISCR-OMC, UMR 6226, University of Rennes 1) is thanked for his help with ICP-MS measurements. L. T.-G. is a Chercheur Qualifiéof the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique –FNRS., and ANR-21-CE50-0034,MARCEL,Booster la sélectivité et l'efficacité des processus ORR et CO2RR en couplant nanomatériaux métalliques et chimie de surface hôte-invité(2021)
Subjects: General Energy, Methanol oxidation reaction, General Chemical Engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, General Materials Science, Electrocatalysis, diazonium grafting, Oxygen reduction reaction, surface functionalization
Abstract: International audience; A conceptual challenge toward more versatile direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is the design of a single material electrocatalyst with high activity and durability for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). This requires to conciliate methanol tolerance not to hinder ORR at the cathode with a good MOR activity at the anode. This is especially incompatible with Pt materials. We tackled this challenge by deriving a supramolecular concept where surface-grafted molecular ligands regulate the Pt-catalyst reactivity. ORR and MOR activities of newly reported Pt-calix[4]arenes nanocatalysts (PtCF3NPs/C) are compared to commercial benchmark PtNPs/C. PtCF3NPs/C exhibit a remarkable methanol tolerance without losing the MOR reactivity along with outstanding durability and chemical stability. Beyond designing single-catalyst material, operable in DMFC cathodic and anodic compartments, the results highlight a promising strategy for tuning interfacial properties.
Published: 2023
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30. Data-driven traffic and diffusion modeling in peer-to-peer networks: A real case study

Author: Raphaël M. Jungers, Jean-Charles Delvenne, Bivas Mitra, Romain Hollanders, Daniel Faria Bernardes, Fabien Tarissan, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), ComplexNetworks, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS]
Subjects: Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, Markov chain, Computer science, business.industry, Communication, Scale (chemistry), Quality of service, Big data, Control (management), 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Internet traffic, Peer-to-peer, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, [INFO.INFO-SI]Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI], Data-driven, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract: Peer-to-peer systems have driven a lot of attention in the past decade as they have become a major source of Internet traffic. The amount of data flowing through the peer-to-peer network is huge and hence challenging both to comprehend and to control. In this work, we take advantage of a new and rich dataset recording the peer-to-peer activity at a remarkable scale to address these difficult problems. After extracting the relevant and measurable properties of the network from the data, we develop two models that aim to make the link between the low-level properties of the network, such as the proportion of peers that do not share content (i.e., free riders) or the distribution of the files among the peers, and its high-level properties, such as the Quality of Service or the diffusion of content, which are of interest for supervision and control purposes. We observe a significant agreement between the high-level properties measured on the real data and on the synthetic data generated by our models, which is encouraging for our models to be used in practice as large-scale prediction tools. Relying on them, we demonstrate that spending efforts to reduce the amount of free riders indeed helps to improve the availability of files on the network. We observe however a saturation of this phenomenon after 60% of free riders.
Published: 2014
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31. Coordination on networks with farsighted and myopic agents

Author: Mauleon, Ana, Schopohl, Simon, Taalaibekova, Akylai, Vannetelbosch, Vincent, UCL - SSH/LIDAM/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics, USL-B - Centre de recherche en Economie (CEREC), Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ana Mauleon and Vincent Vannetelbosch are, respectively, Research Director and Senior Research Associate of the National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS). Financial support from the MSCA ITN Expectations and Social Influence Dynamics in Economics (ExSIDE) Grant no 721846 (1/9/2017–31/8/2020), from the Belgian French speaking community ARC project 15/20-072 of Saint-Louis University - Brussels, and from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique—FNRS research grant T.0143.18 is gratefully acknowledged., and European Project: 721846,Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) in Horizon 2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016/H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016,ExSIDE(2017)
Subjects: JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching/A.A1 - General Economics/A.A1.A14 - Sociology of Economics, Statistics and Probability, Economics and Econometrics, Stubborn players, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Farsighted players, Coordination problems, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Networks, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D2 - Production and Organizations/D.D2.D20 - General, Stability, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C70 - General, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: We study a coordination game on a fixed connected network where players have to choose between two projects. Some players are moderate (i.e. they are ex-ante indifferent between both projects) while others are stubborn (i.e. they always choose the same project). Benefits for moderate players are increasing in the number of neighbors who choose the same project. In addition, players are either farsighted or myopic. Farsighted players anticipate the reactions of others while myopic players do not. We show that, when all players are farsighted, full coordination among the moderate players is reached except if there are stubborn players for both projects. When the population is mixed, the set of stable strategy profiles is a refinement of the set of Nash equilibrium strategy profiles. In fact, turning myopic players into farsighted ones eliminates gradually the inefficient Nash equilibria. Finally, we consider a social planner who can improve coordination by means of two policy instruments: adding links to the network (socialization) and/or turning myopic players into farsighted ones (education).
Published: 2022
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32. Characterizing Omega-Regularity through Finite-Memory Determinacy of Games on Infinite Graphs

Author: Bouyer, Patricia, Randour, Mickael, Vandenhove, Pierre, Laboratoire Méthodes Formelles (LMF), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS], and ANR-20-CE25-0012,MAVEriQ,Méthodes d'analyse pour la vérification de propriétés quantitatives(2020)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, TheoryofComputation_MISCELLANEOUS, finite-memory determinacy, Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, infinite arenas, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL), ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, optimal strategies, Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO), Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], two-player games on graphs, ��-regular languages, Theory of computation �� Formal languages and automata theory, Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
Abstract: We consider zero-sum games on infinite graphs, with objectives specified as sets of infinite words over some alphabet of colors. A well-studied class of objectives is the one of $\omega$-regular objectives, due to its relation to many natural problems in theoretical computer science. We focus on the strategy complexity question: given an objective, how much memory does each player require to play as well as possible? A classical result is that finite-memory strategies suffice for both players when the objective is $\omega$-regular. We show a reciprocal of that statement: when both players can play optimally with a chromatic finite-memory structure (i.e., whose updates can only observe colors) in all infinite game graphs, then the objective must be $\omega$-regular. This provides a game-theoretic characterization of $\omega$-regular objectives, and this characterization can help in obtaining memory bounds. Moreover, a by-product of our characterization is a new one-to-two-player lift: to show that chromatic finite-memory structures suffice to play optimally in two-player games on infinite graphs, it suffices to show it in the simpler case of one-player games on infinite graphs. We illustrate our results with the family of discounted-sum objectives, for which $\omega$-regularity depends on the value of some parameters., Comment: A previous conference version appeared in STACS 2022. 48 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023
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33. Variations in the poly-histidine repeat motif of HOXA1 contribute to bicuspid aortic valve in mouse and zebrafish

Author: Odelin, Gaelle, Faucherre, Adèle, Marchese, Damien, Pinard, Amélie, Jaouadi, Hager, Le Scouarnec, Solena, Deleuze, Jean-François, Génin, Emmanuelle, Lindenbaum, Pierre, Redon, Richard, Schott, Jean-Jacques, Chiarelli, Raphaël, Achouri, Younes, Faure, Emilie, Herbane, Marine, Théron, Alexis, Avierinos, Jean-François, Jopling, Chris, Collod-Béroud, Gwenaëlle, Rezsohazy, René, Zaffran, Stéphane, UCL - SST/LIBST - Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut du Thorax [Nantes], Département de Cardiologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), 'Association Française contre les Myopathies' [NMH-Decrypt Project],the 'Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale'[DPC20111123002], the 'Institut National de la Santé et de laRecherche Médicale' and 'la Fondation Leducq' to S.Z. This workwas supported by the 'Fonds de la recherche Scientifique FNRS'[Crédit de recherche (CDR) J.0157.21] and the 'Fonds spéciaux derecherche' (FSR, UCLouvain) to R.R. A.P. received PhD fellowshipsfrom the 'Association Française du syndrome de Marfan et apparentés'.A.F. and C.J. are members of the Laboratory of ExcellenceIon Channel Science and Therapeutics supported by a grant fromthe ANR. Work in the C.J lab is supported by a grant from the 'laFondation Leducq', ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0013,GENMED,Medical Genomics(2010), and ANR-11-LABX-0015,ICST,Canaux ioniques d'intérêt thérapeutique(2011)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Organogenesis, General Biochemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Development, Heart development, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common cardiovascular malformation occurs in 0.5–1.2% of the population. Although highly heritable, few causal mutations have been identified in BAV patients. Here, we report the targeted sequencing of HOXA1 in a cohort of BAV patients and the identification of rare indel variants in the homopolymeric histidine tract of HOXA1. In vitro analysis shows that disruption of this motif leads to a significant reduction in protein half-life and defective transcriptional activity of HOXA1. In zebrafish, targeting hoxa1a ortholog results in aortic valve defects. In vivo assays indicates that these variants behave as dominant negatives leading abnormal valve development. In mice, deletion of Hoxa1 leads to BAV with a very small, rudimentary non-coronary leaflet. We also show that 17% of homozygous Hoxa1 −1His knock-in mice present similar phenotype. Genetic lineage tracing in Hoxa1 −/− mutant mice reveals an abnormal reduction of neural crest-derived cells in the valve leaflet, which is caused by a failure of early migration of these cells.
Published: 2023
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34. Inhibiting the inflammasome with MCC950 counteracts muscle pyroptosis and improves Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Author: Nicolas, Dubuisson, María A, Davis-López de Carrizosa, Romain, Versele, Camille M, Selvais, Laurence, Noel, P Y D, Van den Bergh, Sonia M, Brichard, Michel, Abou-Samra, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). Bélgica, UCL - SSS/IREC/EDIN - Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'endocrinologie et de nutrition, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de neurologie
Subjects: Inflammation, Sulfonamides, Inflammasomes, pyroptosis, Immunology, NLRP3 inflammasome, muscle inflammation, Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne, Mice, Gasdermins, gasdermin, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), N-GSDMD, Mice, Inbred mdx, Humans, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, MCC950, Muscle, Skeletal
Abstract: BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited human myopathy. Typically, the secondary process involving severe inflammation and necrosis exacerbate disease progression. Previously, we reported that the NLRP3 inflammasome complex plays a crucial role in this disorder. Moreover, pyroptosis, a form of programmed necrotic cell death, is triggered by NLRP3 via gasdermin D (GSDMD). So far, pyroptosis has never been described either in healthy muscle or in dystrophic muscle. The aim of this study was to unravel the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in DMD and explore a potentially promising treatment with MCC950 that selectively inhibits NLRP3.MethodsFour‐week‐old mdx mice (n=6 per group) were orally treated for 2 months with MCC950 (mdx‐T), a highly potent, specific, small-molecule inhibitor of NLRP3, and compared with untreated (mdx) and wild-type (WT) mice. In vivo functional tests were carried out to measure the global force and endurance of mice. Ex vivo biochemical and molecular analyses were performed to evaluate the pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle. Finally, in vitro tests were conducted on primary cultures of DMD human myotubes.ResultsAfter MCC950 treatment, mdx mice exhibited a significant reduction of inflammation, macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress (-20 to -65%, Pvs untreated mdx). Mdx‐T mice displayed considerably less myonecrosis (-54%, Pvs mdx) and fibrosis (-75%, Pvs mdx). Moreover, a more mature myofibre phenotype, characterized by larger-sized fibres and higher expression of mature myosin heavy chains 1 and 7 was observed. Mdx-T also exhibited enhanced force and resistance to fatigue (+20 to 60%, PP=0.075) and cleaved gasdermin D (N-GSDMD) (-42% in medium-sized-fibres, PConclusionSpecific inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome can significantly attenuate the dystrophic phenotype. A novel finding of this study is the overactivation of GSDMD, which is hampered by MCC950. This ultimately leads to less inflammation and pyroptosis and to a better muscle maturation and function. Targeting NLRP3 might lead to an effective therapeutic approach for a better management of DMD.
Published: 2022
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35. Product line optimization with multiples sites

Author: Sebastián Dávila, Martine Labbé, Vladimir Marianov, Fernando Ordónẽz, Frédéric Semet, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by Grants FONDECYT 1190064, CONICYT PIA AFB180003 and INRIA Associated Team BIPLOS. Also, to CONICYT for a Doctorate fellowship for Sebastián Dávila Folio 21161328/2016 . Martine Labbé has been partially supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique -FNRS under Grant PDR T0098.18, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, Bilevel programming, General Computer Science, Cut and Branch, Modeling and Simulation, Location, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Management Science and Operations Research, Product allocation to multiple stores, ACM: G.: Mathematics of Computing/G.2: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS/G.2.1: Combinatorics/G.2.1.0: Combinatorial algorithms, Branch and Cut
Abstract: International audience; We consider the problem faced by a retailer that selects the set of products to allocate in finite capacity stores to maximize patronage. The purchase decision is made by customers that purchase exactly one product that maximizes her utility that depends on the product price, distance traveled to the store and reservation price, known to the retailer. The retailer's bilevel optimization problem is transformed into an integer optimization formulation. Small size instances are solved optimally, while for large instances, we explore Benders Decomposition, Branch and Cut and Cut and Branch to solve the problem. Our computational results show that the proposed Cut and Branch method obtains the best results, and improves on the current state of the art.
Published: 2022

36. In vivo effects of antibodies from patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: further evidence of synaptic glutamatergic dysfunction

Author: Mario Manto, Véronique Rogemond, Josep Dalmau, Jérôme Honnorat, Adrien Didelot, Laboratoire de Neurologie Expérimentale, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS], Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Centre de Référence Maladie Rare 'Syndromes neurologiques Paranéoplasiques', Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hopital Neurologique, Neuro-oncologie et neuro-inflammation, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported in part by 2R56CA089054 and RO1CA107192 (JD). MM is supported by the FNRS Belgium, and JH and VR by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC, N°0501104, 2005)., BMC, Ed., Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS]-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and University of Pennsylvania
Subjects: Male, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Pharmacology, Synaptic Transmission, 0302 clinical medicine, Glutamates, MESH: Autoantibodies, Genetics(clinical), MESH: Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Receptor, Genetics (clinical), Medicine(all), MESH: Immunoglobulin G, 0303 health sciences, Glutamate receptor, General Medicine, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, 3. Good health, Encephalitis, NMDA receptor, MESH: Rats, Biology, Neurotransmission, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, 03 medical and health sciences, Glutamatergic, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, MESH: Glutamates, In vivo, MESH: Synaptic Transmission, medicine, Animals, Humans, Rats, Wistar, Autoantibodies, 030304 developmental biology, Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, MESH: Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, Research, lcsh:R, MESH: Rats, Wistar, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Rats, MESH: Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, nervous system, Immunoglobulin G, MESH: Encephalitis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background: A severe encephalitis that associates with auto-antibodies to the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) was recently reported. Patients' antibodies cause a decrease of the density of NMDA-R and synaptic mediated currents, but the in vivo effects on the extracellular glutamate and glutamatergic transmission are unknown. Methods. We investigated the acute metabolic effects of patients' CSF and purified IgG injected in vivo. Injections were performed in CA1 area of Ammon's horn and in premotor cortex in rats. Results: Patient's CSF increased the concentrations of glutamate in the extracellular space. The increase was dose-dependent and was dramatic with purified IgG. Patients' CSF impaired both the NMDA- and the AMPA-mediated synaptic regulation of glutamate, and did not affect the glial transport of glutamate. Blockade of GABA-A receptors was associated with a marked elevation of extra-cellular levels of glutamate following a pretreatment with patients' CSF. Conclusion: These results support a direct role of NMDA-R antibodies upon altering glutamatergic transmission. Furthermore, we provide additional evidence in vivo that NMDA-R antibodies deregulate the glutamatergic pathways and that the encephalitis associated with these antibodies is an auto-immune synaptic disorder. © 2010 Manto et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2010
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37. Combined bulk-rock Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotopic study of Archean granitoids and mafic rocks from Sangmelima terranes (Ntem Complex, south Cameroon): Geodynamic implications

Author: Joseph Martial Akame, Vinciane Debaille, Marc Poujol, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), grant 'Prix de Meurs-Francois', ULB, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, MOPGA 2022 Visiting Fellowship Program for Young Researchers, EoS project ET-Home, and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Subjects: Ntem Complex, Nd isotopes, Congo Craton, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Hf isotopes, Archean granitoids, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Hafnium and neodymium isotopes provide robust tool tracers for tracking the mechanisms of crustal generation and differentiation, from mantle extraction to the late geological processes undergone by the studied rocks. Though these two isotope systems commonly behave similarly and define a positive correlation between 143 Nd/ 144 Nd and 176 Hf/ 177 Hf referred to as the "terrestrial array", they may differ in terrains having a complex geological history, such as Archean cratons. This study presents the first combined whole-rock Hf and Nd isotopic analyses of Archean mafic and felsic igneous rocks from the Sangmelima terranes in the Ntem Complex (located in the Northwest of Congo Craton (NW CC) in southern Cameroon). It mainly consists of Mesoarchean charnockites and tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suites, greenstone belts, mafic enclaves or dykes, and potassic granitoids. Mesoarchean charnockite and TTG suites have subchondritic initial 176 Hf/ 177 Hf and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ratios with a mean initial (suffix (i)) ε 176 Hf (i) and ε 143 Nd (i) of-3.30 ± 1.40 and-3.85 ± 0.65 (2SD) respectively, implying the involvement of Eo-to Paleoarchean components in their petrogenesis. The bulk rock initial Hf and Nd isotope compositions of the gabbro and gabbronorites are suprachondritic (ε 176 Hf (i) = +3.4 to + 8.2; ε 143 Nd (i) = +0.9 to + 1.6), indicate that they were derived from a depleted mantle source. Coupled with pre-existing data from the literature, these new Hf-Nd isotopic data indicate that two episodes of mantle-derived mafic magmatism in the Ntem Complex occurred during the Mesoarchean period (i.e., at ~ 3.1 and 2.86 billion years (Ga)). Neoarchean dolerite dykes show broadly chondritic to supra-chondritic ε 176 Hf (i) and ε 143 Nd (i) values of-0.28 to + 4.53 and T CHUR ages of 2.74-2.76 Ga, suggesting the derivation of doleritic magma from a depleted mantle source with either none or limited crustal residence time. Considering other Archean domains of the NW CC, there were multi-stage magmatism events and crustal growth events occurred at ~3.75-3.31 Ga, ~3.26-3.0 Ga, ~2.92-2.85 Ga, and ~2.75-2.72 Ga from Eoarchean to Neoarchean in the NW Congo Craton.
Published: 2023
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38. Optimal tax policy and expected longevity: A mean and variance utility approach

Author: Gregory Ponthiere, Marie-Louise Leroux, Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS], and Bauer, Caroline
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, moments of utility theory, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health, Microeconomics, lotteries of life, Information asymmetry, longevity, Accounting, 0502 economics and business, longevity,risk,lotteries of life,non-expected utility theory,moments of utility theory,health spending,longévité,risque,loteries de vie,théorie de l'utilité non-attendue,théorie des moments de l'utilité,dépenses de santé, Economics, Psychological values, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, longévité, Lump sum, Expected utility hypothesis, 050205 econometrics, risk, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H21 - Efficiency • Optimal Taxation, théorie de l'utilité non-attendue, théorie des moments de l'utilité, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty, Redistribution (cultural anthropology), Variance (accounting), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I12 - Health Behavior, Incentive, risque, dépenses de santé, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J18 - Public Policy, 8. Economic growth, non-expected utility theory, health spending, Optimal tax, loteries de vie, Finance
Abstract: This paper studies the normative problem of redistribution between agents who can infuence their survival probability through private health spending, but who differ in their attitude towards the risks involved in the lotteries of life to be chosen. For that purpose, a two-period model is developed, where agents' preferences on lotteries of life can be represented by a mean and variance utility function allowing, unlike the expected utility form, some sensitivity to what Allais (1953) calls the dispersion of psychological values. It is shown that if agents ignore the impact of their health spending on the return of their savings, the decentralization of the first-best utilitarian optimum requires intergroup lump-sum transfers and group-specifc taxes on health spending. Under asymmetric information, we find that subsidizing health expenditures may be optimal as a way to solve the incentive problem., Ce papier étudie le problème normatif de redistribution entre des agents qui peuvent influencer leur probabilité de survie à travers des dépenses privées de santé, mais qui diffèrent quant à leur attitude vis-à-vis du risque présent dans les loteries de vie à choisir. A cette fin, un modèle à deux périodes est développé, où les préférences des agents sur les loteries de vie peuvent être représentées par une fonction d' utilité de type "moyenne - variance", qui présente, contrairement à la fonction d'utilité attendue standard, une certaine sensibilité à ce qu'Allais (1953) appelle la dispersion des valeurs psychologiques. Il est démontré que si les agents ignorent l'impact de leurs dépenses de santé sur le rendement de leur épargne, alors la décentralisation de l'optimum social utilitariste requiert des transferts forfaitaires entre groupes, et des taxes spécifiques à chaque groupe sur les dépenses de santé. Sous asymétrie d'information, il peut être cependant optimal de subventionner les dépenses de santé, de façon à résoudre le problème d'incitation.
Published: 2008
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39. A Study of the Sensitivity of Longevity-Adjusted Income Measures

Author: Gregory Ponthiere, Center of Research in Public Economics and Population Economics (CREPP), Université de Liège, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS]
Subjects: Value (ethics), Welfare economics, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Longevity, Development, Standard of living, Adjusted gross income, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Preference, Weighting, Econometrics, Economics, Endogeneity, Welfare, media_common
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the sensitivity of longevity-adjusted measures of income, which have become increasingly popular as indicators of basic standards of living. For that purpose, longevity-adjusted income measures are computed for post-war Japan under various sets of postulates, concerning the temporal horizon regarded as relevant for the measurement of welfare, the ethical treatment of age structures, the degree of endogeneity of longevity, the value of a statistical life (VSL) used in the calibration of preference parameters, and preference parameters themselves (for a given VSL). Pictures of Japan's development are significantly sensitive to those postulates, suggesting that longevity-adjusted income measures should be computed under not one--as is usually done--but several assumption sets, to account for the difficulty of solving the income/longevity weighting problem. Hence, this study casts new light on the trade-offs raised by the aggregation of economic and demographic achievements into a preferences-based composite indicator.
Published: 2008
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40. Residential Segregation and Unemployment: The Case of Brussels

Author: Isabelle Thomas, Claire Dujardin, Harris Selod, Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS], Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée (LEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), CEPR, Department of Geography, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), and Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE ParisTech )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Sample (statistics), 02 engineering and technology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 0502 economics and business, Covariate, Economics, Endogeneity, 050207 economics, Neighbourhood (mathematics), media_common, Actuarial science, 05 social sciences, Causal effect, 1. No poverty, Segregation, 021107 urban & regional planning, Census, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Urban Studies, Unemployment, 8. Economic growth, Demographic economics, Residence
Abstract: This paper investigates the causal effects of the spatial organisation of Brussels on unemployment propensities. Using census data at the individual level, the unemployment probability of young adults is estimated while taking into account personal, household and neighbourhood characteristics. The endogeneity of residential locations is solved by restricting the sample to young adults residing with their parents; the potential remaining bias is evaluated by conducting a sensitivity analysis. The results suggest that the neighbourhood of residence significantly increases a youngster's probability of being unemployed, a result which is quite robust to the presence of both observed and unobserved parental covariates.
Published: 2008
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41. Concentration, Agglomeration and the Size of Plants

Author: Miren Lafourcade, Giordano Mion, Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS], IUT - Département 'Gestion, Logistique et Transports', Bauer, Caroline, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Concentration, JEL: R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics/R.R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location, 0211 other engineering and technologies, spatial auto-correlation, heterogeneous firms, 02 engineering and technology, jel:C21, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C2 - Single Equation Models • Single Variables/C.C2.C21 - Cross-Sectional Models • Spatial Models • Treatment Effect Models • Quantile Regressions, Spatial distribution, 0502 economics and business, Economics, JEL: R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics/R.R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location/R.R3.R30 - General, Economic geography, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Spatial auto-correlation, 2. Zero hunger, HB Economic Theory, Economies of agglomeration, 05 social sciences, 021107 urban & regional planning, 15. Life on land, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Heterogeneous firms, Urban Studies, Geographic distribution, jel:L11, Urban economics, HD Industries. Land use. Labor, JEL: R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics/R.R1 - General Regional Economics/R.R1.R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance/L.L1.L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms, jel:R30, plant size, jel:R12, jel:R34, Externality, concentration,spatial auto-correlation,plant size
Abstract: This paper investigates whether the geographic distribution of manufacturing activities depends on the size of plants. Using Italian data we find, as in Kim (1995) and Holmes and Stevens (2002, 2004), that large plants are more concentrated than small plants. However, considering distance-based patterns via spatial auto-correlation, we find that small establishments actually exhibit a greater tendency to be located in adjacent areas. These apparently contradictory findings raise a measurement issue regarding co-location externalities, and suggest that large plants are more likely to cluster within narrow geographical units (concentration), while small establishments would rather co-locate within wider distance-based clusters (agglomeration). This picture is consistent with different size plants engaging in different transport-intensive activities., Cet article s'intéresse au rôle joué par la taille des établissements dans la distribution géographique des activités manufacturières. A la suite de Kim (1995) ou Holmes et Stevens (2002, 2004), l'étude menée sur données italiennes corrobore le résultat selon lequel la propension à la co-localisation, lorsqu'elle est mesurée à l'aide d'un indicateur standard, est plus forte chez les grands établissements que chez les petits. Paradoxalement, l'utilisation d'un indice d'auto-corrélation spatiale fait apparaître une propension à la co-localisation plus forte chez les petits établissements que chez les grands. Ces résultats contradictoires font apparaître les difficultés liées à une mesure discrète des phénomènes de co-localisation. La densité extrême mise en évidence pour les grands établissements, dont les co-localisations s'effectuent en priorité dans la limite des zones d'emploi ("concentration"), suggère que ces unités de production bénéficient relativement plus des externalités locales que leurs homologues, et/ou que leur production est orientée prioritairement vers les marchés internationaux. La distribution plus étalée des petits établissements, dont les co-localisations impliquent majoritairement des zones adjacentes ("agglomération"), suggère au contraire que ces unités de production minimisent les coûts de transport associés à une demande principalement domestique.
Published: 2007
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42. A characterization of stochastically stable networks

Author: Vincent Vannetelbosch, Olivier Tercieux, Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS], Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), and Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Mathematical optimization, Economics and Econometrics, Computation, 02 engineering and technology, jel:D20, Characterization (mathematics), Topology, Pairwise stability, Stability (probability), Stochastic stability, Set (abstract data type), Combinatorics, Tree (descriptive set theory), Mathematics (miscellaneous), 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Network formation, Pairwise stability, Stochastic stability, 050207 economics, Network formation, 050205 econometrics, Mathematics, jel:C70, 050208 finance, 05 social sciences, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Extension (predicate logic), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Independent set, Pairwise comparison, Tree (set theory), Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Jackson and Watts (J Econ Theory 71: 44–74, 2002) have examined the dynamic formation and stochastic evolution of networks. We provide a refinement of pairwise stability, p-pairwise stability, which allows us to characterize the stochastically stable networks without requiring the “tree construction” and the computation of resistance that may be quite complex. When a $$\frac{1}{2}$$ -pairwise stable network exists, it is unique and it coincides with the unique stochastically stable network. To solve the inexistence problem of p-pairwise stable networks, we define its set-valued extension with the notion of p-pairwise stable set. The $$\frac{1}{2}$$ -pairwise stable set exists and is unique. Any stochastically stable networks is included in the $$\frac{1}{2}$$ -pairwise stable set. Thus, any network outside the $$\frac{1}{2}$$ -pairwise stable set must be considered as a non-robust network. We also show that the $$\frac{1}{2}$$ -pairwise stable set can contain no pairwise stable network and we provide examples where a set of networks is more “stable” than a pairwise stable network.
Published: 2006
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43. Clouds drive differences in future surface melt over the Antarctic ice shelves

Author: Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, Stefan Hofer, Cécile Agosta, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Ella Gilbert, Louis Le Toumelin, Étienne Vignon, Hubert Gallée, Xavier Fettweis, Université de Liège, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Oslo (UiO), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'Etudes de la Neige (CEN), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This research has been supported by the Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) and the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (FWO) (under the EOS project no. O0100718F and grant no. T.0002.16). Computational resources have been provided by the Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif (CÉCI), funded by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (F.R.S. – FNRS) under grant no. 2.5020.11, and the Tier-1 supercomputer (Zenobe) of the Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles infrastructure, funded by the Walloon Region under grant agreement no. 1117545. Christoph Kittel and Nicolas C. Jourdain have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101003826 via the CRiceS (Climate Relevant interactions and feedbacks: the key role of sea ice and Snow in the polar and global climate system) project.
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Recent warm atmospheric conditions have damaged the ice shelves of the Antarctic Peninsula through surface melt and hydrofracturing and could potentially initiate future collapse of other Antarctic ice shelves. However, model projections with similar greenhouse gas scenarios suggest large differences in cumulative 21st-century surface melting. So far it remains unclear whether these differences are due to variations in warming rates in individual models or whether local feedback mechanisms of the surface energy budget could also play a notable role. Here we use the polar-oriented regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) to study the physical mechanisms that would control future surface melt over the Antarctic ice shelves in high-emission scenarios RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5. We show that clouds enhance future surface melt by increasing the atmospheric emissivity and longwave radiation towards the surface. Furthermore, we highlight that differences in meltwater production for the same climate warming rate depend on cloud properties and particularly cloud phase. Clouds containing a larger amount of supercooled liquid water lead to stronger melt, subsequently favouring the absorption of solar radiation due to the snowmelt–albedo feedback. As liquid-containing clouds are projected to increase the melt spread associated with a given warming rate, they could be a major source of uncertainties in projections of the future Antarctic contribution to sea level rise.
Published: 2022
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44. Distinguishing cellular from abiotic spheroidal microstructures in the ca. 3.4 Ga Strelley Pool Formation

Author: Maxime Coutant, Kevin Lepot, Alexandre Fadel, Ahmed Addad, Elodie Richard, David Troadec, Sandra Ventalon, Kenichiro Sugitani, Emmanuelle J. Javaux, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université de Liège, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Centrale de Micro Nano Fabrication - IEMN (CMNF - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Financial support for this project was provided by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France (ANR M6fossils: ANR-15-CE31-0003-01 to K.L.), and Région Hauts de France (project Vison-AIRR iM4 to K.L.). Preliminary analyses were carried using financial support of FRS-FNRS FRFC Grant no. 2.4558.09F (E.J.J.), CNRS-INSU (Program INTERRVIE – K.L.) and FNRS (K.L.). Support also comes from ULiege-UR Astrobiology (M.C. scholarship), M.C. is a FRIA grantee of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS and FNRS PDR 35284099 'Life in coastal Archean Environments' (E.J.J). The authors thank x anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments., Renatech Network, and ANR-15-CE31-0003,M6fossils,Identification moléculaire, minéralogique, morphologique et isotopique des micro- et macrofossiles aux échelles micro et nano.(2015)
Subjects: Archean, Geologic Sediments, Minerals, Fossils, spheroids, Strelley Pool Formation, Quartz, biomorphs, Silicon Dioxide, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, microfossils, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The morphogenesis of most carbonaceous microstructures that resemble microfossils in Archean (4–2.5 Ga old) rocks remains debated. The associated carbonaceous matter may even—in some cases—derive from abiotic organic molecules. Mineral growths associated with organic matter migration may mimic microbial cells, some anatomical features, and known microfossils—in particular those with simple spheroid shapes. Here, spheroid microstructures from a chert of the ca. 3.4 Ga Strelley Pool Formation (SPF) of the Pilbara Craton (Western Australia) were imaged and analyzed with a combination of high-resolution in situ techniques. This provides new insights into carbonaceous matter distributions and their relationships with the crystallographic textures of associated quartz. Thus, we describe five new types of spheroids and discuss their morphogenesis. In at least three types of microstructures, wall coalescence argues for migration of carbonaceous matter onto abiotic siliceous spherulites or diffusion in poorly crystalline silica. The nanoparticulate walls of these coalescent structures often cut across multiple quartz crystals, consistent with migration in/on silica prior to quartz recrystallization. Sub-continuous walls lying at quartz boundaries occur in some coalescent vesicles. This weakens the “continuous carbonaceous wall” criterion proposed to support cellular inferences. In contrast, some clustered spheroids display wrinkled sub-continuous double walls, and a large sphere shows a thick sub-continuous wall with pustules and depressions. These features appear consistent with post-mortem cell alteration, although abiotic morphogenesis remains difficult to rule out. We compared these siliceous and carbonaceous microstructures to coalescent pyritic spheroids from the same sample, which likely formed as “colloidal” structures in hydrothermal context. The pyrites display a smaller size and only limited carbonaceous coatings, arguing that they could not have acted as precursors to siliceous spheroids. This study revealed new textural features arguing for abiotic morphogenesis of some Archean spheroids. The absence of these features in distinct types of spheroids leaves open the microfossil hypothesis in the same rock. Distinction of such characteristics could help addressing further the origin of other candidate microfossils. This study calls for similar investigations of metamorphosed microfossiliferous rocks and of the products of in vitro growth of cell-mimicking structures in presence of organics and silica.
Published: 2022
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45. Half-Positional Objectives Recognized by Deterministic B\'uchi Automata

Author: Bouyer, Patricia, Casares, Antonio, Randour, Mickael, Vandenhove, Pierre, Laboratoire Méthodes Formelles (LMF), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [FNRS]
Subjects: Büchi automata, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL), Theory of computation → Formal languages and automata theory, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO), memoryless optimal strategies, ω-regularity, [INFO.INFO-FL]Computer Science [cs]/Formal Languages and Automata Theory [cs.FL], Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], half-positionality, two-player games on graphs, Computer Science::Formal Languages and Automata Theory, Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
Abstract: A central question in the theory of two-player games over graphs is to understand which objectives are half-positional, that is, which are the objectives for which the protagonist does not need memory to implement winning strategies. Objectives for which both players do not need memory have already been characterized (both in finite and infinite graphs); however, less is known about half-positional objectives. In particular, no characterization of half-positionality is known for the central class of omega-regular objectives. In this paper, we characterize objectives recognizable by deterministic B\"uchi automata (a class of omega-regular objectives) that are half-positional, both over finite and infinite graphs. Our characterization consists of three natural conditions linked to the language-theoretic notion of right congruence. Furthermore, this characterization yields a polynomial-time algorithm to decide half-positionality of an objective recognized by a given deterministic B\"uchi automaton., Comment: Full version of CONCUR 2022 conference paper. 41 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2022
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46. Mating under climate change: Impact of simulated heatwaves on the reproduction of model pollinators

Author: Pierre Rasmont, Ella Zambra, Baptiste Martinet, Abigaël Anselmo, Thomas Lecocq, Denis Nonclercq, Elise Hennebert, Denis Michez, Kimberly Przybyla, Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS)-University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Mons-Hainaut, University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS FWO3094785Institute of Biosciences (UMons) under 'Bombstress project'
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, Climate change, Insect, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, heterotherms, 03 medical and health sciences, Pollinator, Mating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bumblebee, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, fertility, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, biology, Resistance (ecology), Ecology, attractiveness, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, climate change, 13. Climate action, Bombus terrestris, pollinators, simulated heatwaves
Abstract: International audience; Climate change is related to an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events such as heatwaves. It is well established that such events may worsen the current world-wide biodiversity decline. In many organisms, heat stress is associated with direct physiological perturbations and could lead to a decrease of fitness. In contrast to endotherms, heat stress resistance has been poorly investigated in heterotherms; especially in insects, in which the internal physiological mechanisms available to regulate body temperature are almost negligible making them sensitive to extreme temperature variations.Wild bees are crucial pollinators for wild plants and crops. Among them, bumblebees are experiencing a strong decline across the world. Therefore, the ongoing global decline of these insect pollinators partly due to climate change could cause major economic issues.Here we assess how simulated heatwaves impact fertility and attractiveness (key parameters of sustainability) of bumblebee males. We used three model species: Bombus terrestris, a widespread and warm-adapted species, B. magnus and B. jonellus, two declining and cold-adapted species.We highlight that heat shock (40 degrees C) negatively affects sperm viability and sperm DNA integrity only in the two cold-adapted species. Heat shock can also impact the structure of cephalic labial glands and the production of pheromones only in the declining species.The specific disruption in key reproductive traits we identify following simulated heatwave conditions could provide one important mechanistic explanation for why some pollinators are in decline through climate change.A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Published: 2020
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47. Studies on hemostasis in COVID-19 deserve careful reporting of the laboratory methods, their significance and their limitations

Author: Sarah Lessire, Pierre Fontana, Marion Bareille, Jonathan Douxfils, François Mullier, Michael Hardy, Isabelle Gouin-Thibault, Thomas Lecompte, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 40002796, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Jonchère, Laurent, Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, UCL - (MGD) Laboratoire de biologie clinique, and UCL - (MGD) Service d'anesthésiologie
Subjects: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Thrombin, law, COVID‐19, Fibrinolysis, Medicine, Humans, Letters to the Editor, Letter to the Editor, Pandemics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ddc:616, Family Characteristics, Hemostasis, business.industry, Heparin, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Thrombosis, Hematology, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, Thrombelastography, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Thromboelastometry, chemistry, Anesthesia, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Factor Xa, business, Laboratories, Blood coagulation tests, medicine.drug
Abstract: We read with much interest the recent observational study of Nougier et al., which aimed at studying thrombin generation (TG) and fibrinolysis profiles of COVID‐19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) or to an internal medicine ward and receiving various schemes of prophylactic heparin.[1] They reported that thrombin potential remained within normal range despite heparin and that fibrinolysis was decreased in relation with increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) and thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen plasma levels. Using the rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) delta device with EXTEM reagents and the addition of 0.625µg/mL tPA (referred to as ‘TEM‐tPA’), they reported decreased clot lysis in COVID‐19 patients, which was more pronounced in patients who presented a thrombotic event, compared to event‐free patients.
Published: 2020
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48. Every cloud has a silver lining: how abiotic stresses affect gene expression in plant-pathogen interactions

Author: Giovanni Bernacchia, Mahsa Farjad, David Cannella, Marie-Christine Soulié, Mathilde Fagard, Marco Zarattini, Alban Launay, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Sorbonne Université - UFR Sciences de la vie (UFR 927 ), Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Ferrara [Ferrara], INRA-BAP grants Multipass and Nitropath (BAP2014_63), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique–FNRS (LUX: F.4502.19), ANR-17-EURE-0007,SPS-GSR,Ecole Universitaire de Recherche de Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay(2017), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), PIERRE FABRE-EDF (EDF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, abiotic stress, Physiology, plant–pathogen interaction, Virulence, Gene Expression, Plant Science, Biology, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, NO, crosstalk, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Stress, Physiological, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Gene expression, Plant defense against herbivory, Gene, Pathogen, Review Papers, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Diseases, abiotic stress, defense, virulence, transcriptome, crosstalk, Abiotic component, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Abiotic stress, AcademicSubjects/SCI01210, fungi, food and beverages, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Plants, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, defense, virulence, 13. Climate action, transcriptome, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: We review the effects of major abiotic stresses on the expression of pathogen virulence and plant defense genes, and conduct a metadata analysis of four multistress transcriptomic datasets., Current environmental and climate changes are having a pronounced influence on the outcome of plant–pathogen interactions, further highlighting the fact that abiotic stresses strongly affect biotic interactions at various levels. For instance, physiological parameters such as plant architecture and tissue organization together with primary and specialized metabolism are affected by environmental constraints, and these combine to make an individual plant either a more or less suitable host for a given pathogen. In addition, abiotic stresses can affect the timely expression of plant defense and pathogen virulence. Indeed, several studies have shown that variations in temperature, and in water and mineral nutrient availability affect the expression of plant defense genes. The expression of virulence genes, known to be crucial for disease outbreak, is also affected by environmental conditions, potentially modifying existing pathosystems and paving the way for emerging pathogens. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the impact of abiotic stress on biotic interactions at the transcriptional level in both the plant and the pathogen side of the interaction. We also perform a metadata analysis of four different combinations of abiotic and biotic stresses, which identifies 197 common modulated genes with strong enrichment in Gene Ontology terms related to defense . We also describe the multistress-specific responses of selected defense-related genes.
Published: 2020
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49. Body-color plasticity of the English grain aphid in response to light in both laboratory and field conditions

Author: Kévin Tougeron, Tim J. Dumonceaux, J. van Baaren, D. Nordin, Jennifer Town, Tyler J. Wist, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES program (Project APHIWEB) [611810], Pest Management Centre [PRR15-040], Fyssen foundation, F.R.S.-FNRS Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, European Project: 611810,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES,APHIWEB(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Plasticity, genetic structures, Sitobion avenae, Population, Behavioral ecology, Light-intensity, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Polyphenism, Polymorphism, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Abiotic component, Endosymbiont, education.field_of_study, Aphid, biology, fungi, food and beverages, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Light intensity, 030104 developmental biology, Animal ecology, Wheat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: La version déposée inclut le dernier erratum (abstract) : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-020-10091-9; International audience; The occurrence of different color patterns in a population of a species can depend on genetic variations or plasticity to environmental conditions. Body color variation is under selection because it is involved in several ecological processes such as camouflage for prey-predator interactions or resistance to environmental variations. Among insects, aphids are known to produce different body-color morphs depending on their biotic and abiotic environments and their bacterial endosymbionts. The English-grain aphid (EGA) Sitobion avenae produces both red and green morphs in cereal fields. Using both field studies on the Canadian prairies (Saskatchewan) and laboratory experiments, we aimed to study the mechanisms that trigger plasticity in body coloration to better understand the ecological role of body coloration and color-change evolved by animals, including aphids. We first analyzed green and red morph EGA distribution on wheat ears in different fields and showed that red aphids were mostly located at the top of the ear and green aphids at the bottom. Then, using DNA sequencing, we showed that red and green morphs did not strongly differ in their bacterial endosymbiont composition and abundances. Finally, using a climate-chamber setup in the laboratory, we highlighted that EGA body-coloration is under light-intensity control and that it is possible to turn aphids from red back to green within a few days, and from green back to red within a couple of weeks (low-to-high and high-to-low light intensities, respectively). Light-intensity-controlled color-change likely results in adaptive plasticity in response to shifts in environmental conditions that can occur over the lifespan of an aphid, and is fully reversible, even at the adult stage.
Published: 2020
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50. Nanoscale Studies at the Early Stage of Water-Induced Degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Films Used for Photovoltaic Applications

Author: Olivier Douheŕet, Jaume Llacer, Didier Theron, David Moerman, Philippe Leclère, Claudio Quarti, Xavier Noirfalise, Roberto Lazzaroni, Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), MateriaNova Research Center (MNRS), Université de Mons-Hainaut, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), and Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Subjects: Materials science, Fabrication, hybrid perovskite, Iodide, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Crystallinity, General Materials Science, Nanoscopic scale, defects, Perovskite (structure), Surface states, chemistry.chemical_classification, Kelvin probe force microscope, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Conductive atomic force microscopy, stability, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, kelvin probe force microscopy, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical engineering, surface properties, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the surface properties of hybrid perovskite materials is a key aspect to improve not only the interface properties in photovoltaic cells but also the stability against moisture degradation. In this work, we study the local electronic properties of two series of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite films by atomic force microscopybased methods. We correlate nanoscale features such as the local surface potential (as measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy) to the current response (as measured by conductive atomic force microscopy). CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskites made using lead acetate as a precursor result in films with high purity and crystallinity and also result in heterogeneous local electrical properties, attributed to variations in the density of surface states. In contrast, when using lead iodide as a precursor, the perovskite surface exhibits a uniform distribution of surface states. This work also aims to understand the early stages of water-induced degradation at the surface of those films. Through high-precision exposure to small amounts of water vapor, we observe a higher stability for surfaces prepared with lead iodide precursors. More importantly, each precursor-based fabrication route is associated with either nor p-type behavior of the films. These characteristics are determined by the type of surface states, which also and eventually preside over stability. This work should help discriminate between perovskite synthesis routes and improve their stability in photovoltaic cell applications.
Published: 2020
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