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Meryta puruhi Butaud, J.Florence, Lowry & F.Tronchet, sp. nov. (Figs 2; 3; 4) Meryta puruhi inter Societatis insularum M. lanceolatae J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. et M. raiateensi J.W. Moore affinis, sed foliis obovatis vel spatulatis vs. lanceolatas vel oblongas illarum duarum specierum atque (7-)8-11 carpellis vs 4-6(-7), praecipue differt. TYPUS. — Polynésie française, Archipel des Tuamotu. Atoll de Anaa, Tukuhora, au sud-est de la mare aux anguilles, mince bande de feo entre cocoteraie, Premna, Xylosma, Pandanus, Morinda myrtifolia et M. citrifolia, Laportea, Asplenium nidus, Capparis, 17°20’58.992”S, 145°30’51.012”W, 5 m, 17.VI.2005, fr., J.-F. Butaud 1142 (holo-, PAP[PAP010427!]; iso-, P[P00398291, P00398359]!; PAP[PAP010428!]) (Fig. 4). PARATYPI. — Polynésie française. Archipel des Tuamotu. Atoll de Niau, Tupana, derrière le cimetière, sous-bois de Guettarda, Pouteria, Myrsine, Glochidion, Xylosma, Allophylus, Ixora, 16°07’48.4”S, 146°20’07.3”W, 8 m, 13.X.2006, fr., J.-F. Butaud 1500 (PAP[PAP015762]!); Tupana, à l’ouest du village, Pandanus, Pouteria, Premna, Myrsine, Xylosma, Guettarda, Timonius, Cyclophyllum, Ixora, 16°07’32.7”S, 146°20’29.3”W, 8 m, 14.X.2006, fr., J.-F. Butaud 1505 (PAP[PAP015761]!); Maiahu, au bout d’une route pénétrant les feo, 16°09’48.1”S, 146°19’13.8”W, 8 m, 23.X.2006, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud 1534 (PAP [PAP015892]!); Village de Ofare, secteur sud-ouest, forêt de makatea avec Pipturus, Myrsine, Guettarda, [16°8’S, 146°23’W], 2 m, 28.III.1990, stér., J. Florence 10139 (BISH, K, MO!, P[P00398362]!, PAP[PAP000550]!, US[US3294808]!); Maiahu, secteur sud-ouest, Forêt de makatea avec Pisonia, Planchonella, [20°11’S, 146°21’W], 1 m, 31.III.1990, stér., J. Florence 10175 (BISH, K, MO!, P[P00398363]!, PAP[PAP000551]!, US); Maiahu, secteur sud-ouest, forêt de makatea en sous-bois sur calcaire érodé, [20°11’S, 146°21’W], 1 m, 2.IV.1990, fr., J. Florence 10188 (P[P00398364]!, PAP[PAP000552]!). — Atoll de Anaa. Tukuhora, au sud-est de la mare aux anguilles, feo, Asplenium nidus, Guettarda Microsorum, Timonius, Pipturus, Xylosma, Cocos, Laportea, 17°20’58.94’’S, 145°30’51.29’’W, 5 m, 17.VI.2005, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud 1141 (BISH!, P[P00398288, P00398358]!; PAP[PAP010431, PAP010433]!; PTBG!); Tukuhora, au sud-est de la mare aux anguilles, mince bande de feo entre cocoteraies, 17°20’58.94”S, 145°30’51.29”W, 5 m, 17.VI.2005, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud 1143 (P[P00398360]!; PAP[PAP010426]!); Tukuhora, est de Tevaiora, en bordure de zone marécageuse, Peperomia, Guettarda Psilotum, Pipturus, Pisonia, 17°20’58.9”S, 145°30’49.7”W, 5 m, 25.VIII.2008, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud & J. Kape 1910 (PAP[PAP015217]!); ibid., 15.VII.2018, fr., J.-F. Butaud (leg. J. Hauata) 3703 (PAP[PAP015968]!); ibid., 15.VII.2018, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud (leg. J. Hauata) 3704 (PAP[PAP015969]!); ibid., 15.VII.2018, stér., J.-F. Butaud (leg. J. Hauata) 3705 (PAP[PAP015970]!); Tukuhora, Moist woods on dissected coral rock, 13.V.1934, fr., H. St. John 14263 (BISH[BISH122845]!). ÉTYMOLOGIE. — L’épithète de cette espèce correspond au nom polynésien puruhi employé dans les deux îles pour la désigner. RÉPARTITION. — Meryta puruhi sp.nov. est restreinte aux parties surélevées des atolls de Niau (7,5 m d’altitude) et de Anaa (5 m), et constitue la seule espèce du genre dans l’archipel des Tuamotu en Polynésie française (Fig. 1). À Niau, elle croît dans les forêts sur corail soulevé (feo) sur la quasi-totalité de l’atoll avec juste une absence dans la partie occidentale (Fig. 5). À Anaa, elle n’est connue que des cinq principaux îlots de la moitié ouest de l’île (Fig. 6), au sein du même type de forêt. La plupart des individus sont présents dans les sous-populations de Tukuhora et Temarie, tandis que celles de Ahuraka, Otepipi et Otika comprennent moins de dix individus chacune et apparaissent proches de l’extinction. ÉCOLOGIE. — Ce petit arbre est cantonné aux zones de corail soulevé appelées heo ou feo dans les Tuamotu et en particulier dans les atolls de Niau et Anaa. C’est une espèce du sous-bois des forêts à Planchonella - Xylosma dominées par plusieurs arbres indigènes: Celtis pacifica Planch. (Cannabaceae), Glochidion spp. (Phyllanthaceae), Guettarda speciosa L. (Rubiaceae), Pandanus tectorius Parkinson (Pandanaceae), Pisonia grandis R.Br. (Nyctaginaceae), Planchonella tahitensis (Nadeaud) Pierre ex Dubard (Sapotaceae), Pritchardia mitiaroana J.Dransf. & Y.Ehrh. et Xylosma suaveolens (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) G.Forst. (Salicaceae), ainsi que des arbustes indigènes comme Allophylus rhomboidalis (Nadeaud) Radlk. (Sapindaceae), Cyclophyllum barbatum (G.Forst.) N.Hallé & J.Florence (Rubiaceae), Ixora sp. (Rubiaceae), Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), Myrsine niauensis Fosberg & Sachet (Primulaceae), Premna serratifolia L. (Lamiaceae) et Tarenna sambucina (G. Forst.) T. Durand ex Drake (Rubiaceae). On y trouve également l’herbacée indigène Peperomia pallida (G. Forst.) A.Diet. (Piperaceae), les lianes indigènes Capparis spinosa subsp. cordifolia (Lam.) Fici (Capparidaceae), Gynochthodes myrtifolia (A.Gray) Razafim. & B.Bremer (Rubiaceae), les fougères indigènes Asplenium nidus L. & A. listeri C.Chr. (Aspleniaceae), et Micorosorum grossum (Langsd. & Fisch.) S.B.Andrews (Polypodiaceae) et le cocotier introduit Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae). Les fruits orange à maturité de Meryta puruhi sp. nov. sont consommés par le ptilope des Tuamotu (Ptilinopus coralensis Peale, 1848), oiseau endémique de l’archipel, toujours présent à Niau, mais éteint localement à Anaa, qui en disperse les graines (Butaud, obs. pers.). Deux espèces de rats introduits se nourrissent des fruits mûrs ou immatures, Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) et probablement R. exulans (Peale, 1848), mais il n’est pas déterminé s’ils participent à sa dissémination. NOMS VERNACULAIRES. — Les habitants de Niau et de Anaa nomment cette espèce puruhi (Butaud 2007, 2008; Butaud & Jacq 2017). À Anaa, ce nom a été initialement relevé pour le genre Meryta par St. John et indiqué sur l’étiquette de son échantillon 14263 collecté en 1934. Seuls de rares habitants connaissent toujours ce nom aujourd’hui. À Niau, plusieurs noms ont été relevés pour Meryta puruhi sp. nov. par Florence en 1990: pua sur son échantillon 10139, torotea sur le 10175, et opuhi sur le 10188. Une enquête de terrain conduite en 2006 par Butaud (2007) auprès d’une dizaine de personnes âgées a démontré que le nom puruhi est employé pour désigner Meryta puruhi sp. nov., tandis que pua se réfère à Fagraea berteroana A.Gray ex Benth. (Gentianaceae), une espèce absente de l’île, torotea correspond à Allophylus rhomboidalis, et opuhi est généralement lié à l’herbacée ornementale introduite Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum. (Zingiberaceae). Il est intéressant de noter que dans les Îles de la Société, le nom puruhi désigne Ceodes taitensis (Heimerl) E.F.S.Rossetto & Caraballo (Nyctaginaceae), tandis que les différentes espèces de Meryta sont appelées ‘ofepara (Butaud 2017). Sur l’île de Rapa aux Australes, puru est le nom de Meryta choristantha Harms (Meyer 2011), tandis qu’à Hiva Oa aux Marquises, kohepuru est celui de Meryta pastoralis (Tutana Tetuanui, comm. pers. 2022). STATUT DE CONSERVATION. — Meryta puruhi sp. nov. est restreint aux deux atolls surélevés, Niau (21,5 km ²) et Anaa (37,7 km ²), qui sont éloignés de 150 km l’un de l’autre.À Anaa,150 individus (incluant à la fois les individus matures et immatures) ont été dénombrés sur cinq îlots, ce qui représente cinq sous-populations, tandis que plus de 400 individus formant une seule sous-population ont été recensés à Niau. Ces comptages ne sont pas exhaustifs et le nombre total d’individus matures sur les deux îles est estimé entre 500 et 1000. La zone d’occurrence (EOO) de cette espèce est d’environ 1700 km ² tandis que sa zone d’occupation (AOO) est de 28 km ², 8 km ² sur Anaa, en se basant sur des carrés de 1 km de côté, et presque tout l’atoll sur Niau (près de 20 km ²). Son aire géographique est considérée comme étant sévèrement fragmentée sur Anaa à cause de l’extinction du ptilope (genre Ptilinopus), qui jouait localement un rôle important dans sa dissémination, mais également entre les deux atolls, eu égard à la relative grande distance les séparant, soit 150 km. En effet, cette grande distance n’a pas permis la recolonisation de Anaa par le ptilope des Tuamotu à partir de Niau ou d’autres atolls proches en plus de 150 ans (période de l’acquisition des premières données naturalistes sur Anaa et indiquant l’absence de ptilope). Il faut noter que d’autres oiseaux frugivores (notamment des espèces appartenant aux genres Ducula et Pampusana) étaient probablement présents anciennement sur ces atolls mais en ont depuis disparu (Thibault & Cibois 2017). Meryta puruhi sp. nov. est menacé à un faible niveau par l’arbre envahissant Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, à un niveau modéré par l’extinction de son principal disséminateur dans une partie de son aire de répartition et à un haut niveau par des incendies d’origine humaine liés à l’entretien des cocoteraies et par l’urbanisation qui touche des habitats riches en Meryta à travers l’extension des villages. En effet, la population principale de Tukuhora à Anaa est progressivement détruite par les remblais nécessaires à la construction de bâtiments divers, ainsi que par l’extension de la zone aéroportuaire et des dépotoirs. Une partie de son habitat à Niau est incluse dans la zone urbaine (UB) définie par le plan général d’aménagement (PGA) de la commune, tandis que le reste est situé en zone de site protégé (NDzt). En prenant en compte les menaces plausibles les plus sérieuses que sont les incendies et l’urbanisation, M. puruhi sp. nov. possède quatre localités, deux sur Anaa (village de Tukuhora et autres sous-populations) et deux sur Niau (zone urbaine et zone de site protégé). Un déclin continu de la zone d’occurrence, de la zone d’occupation, de la superficie, étendue et qualité de l’habitat favorable, du nombre de sous-populations et du nombre d’individus matures est projeté. Meryta puruhi sp. nov. serait ainsi évalué comme Vulnérable sur le critère C de la liste rouge de l’UICN (2012) en raison de la petite taille de sa population et de son déclin [C2a(i)], et également sur le critère D en lien avec le faible nombre d’individus matures [D1]. Néanmoins, sur le critère B, il peut être évalué comme En danger [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) + 2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)]. DESCRIPTION Arbre monocaule à faiblement ramifié en candélabre, dioïque, de 3-8 m de hauteur et de 6-15 cm de diamètre à la base; bois tendre, écorce grise rugueuse. Feuilles Simples, alternes, groupées à l’extrémité des rameaux, les juvéniles et les adultes comparables, à légère odeur de carotte; pétiole robuste, de (1,8-)2,9-5,9(-7,3) cm × (1,5-) 2-4 mm, sans lenticelles, avec des stries transversales vert foncé sur les deux faces à l’état frais, à base légèrement élargie et faiblement engainante; ligule présente dessus à la base du pétiole, caduque rapidement, à portion libre triangulaire, longue de 5-6 mm, marges entières et apex aigu; limbe vert terne dessus sur le frais, légèrement plus clair dessous, largement obovale à étroitement oblong ou spatulé, de (12,4-)16,1-24,6(-30) × (6-)7-11,8(-13,5) cm (rapport L/l 1,6-2,5), membraneux à cartacé, glabre sur les deux faces, à base atténuée, légèrement asymétrique avec un déport de 2-8 mm, à marge entière, parfois faiblement et irrégulièrement crénelée, ondulée distalement, obscurément révolutée, apex aigu, obtus, arrondi à faiblement rétus, doté d’un acumen court largement triangulaire; nervation eucamptodrome à parfois brochidodrome, vert clair à l’état frais; nervure médiane saillante sur les deux faces, rectiligne, face inférieure sans ou jusqu’à deux épaississements restreints à la moitié proximale; 18 à 33 paires de nervures secondaires, divergeant sous un angle de 60-85° (au niveau de la plus grande largeur du limbe), nervures distales moins divergentes, nervures interstitielles souvent présentes; nervures tertiaires évidentes, rectilignes à s’anastomosant sous divers angles, formant rarement des arcs convexes dans la zone intercostale; nervures d’ordre supérieur visibles sur le sec, formant un réseau délicat et dense; veinules formant des aréoles quadrangulaires à polygonales de 0,5-1,5 mm. Inflorescence mâle Terminale, dressée, verte à jaune in vivo, en racème d’épis, avec 2 degrés de ramification, axe primaire long de 9,5- 12 cm × 4-5 mm à la base, axillé par des cataphylles caduques, laissant des cicatrices visibles, partie libre triangulaire, de 6-9 × 5-6 mm, marge entière à serrulée, apex aigu; 6 à 11 axes secondaires, longs de 2-12 cm (plus courts distalement), chacun axillé par une bractée caduque, largement triangulaire, longue de 7-10 mm, sans lenticelles, à marge entière à faiblement denticulée, apex obtus à aigu, parfois apiculé; capitules au nombre de 7-11 par axe secondaire, sessiles, avec 7 à 15(-27) fleurs, les proximaux insérés à 3-10 mm de la base, chacun axillé par une bractée caduque largement triangulaire. Fleurs mâles Sessiles, nues ou axillées par une bractéole persistante, oblongue à largement ovale, longue de 2,5-3 mm, aiguë au sommet; quatre ou cinq pétales, étroitement obovales, de 2,3-2,7 mm de longueur, hyalins; étamines à filets de 1,8-2,5 mm de long, anthères de 0,9-1,6 mm. Inflorescence femelle Description à partir des infrutescences. Terminale, dressée, verte à vert pâle sur le frais, en court racème d’épis, avec deux degrés de ramification, axe primaire long de 7-15 cm × 4-6 mm à la base, axillé par des cataphylles caduques, à marge serrulée, apex aigu; 8 à 13 axes secondaires, longs de 2-6 cm (plus courts distalement), chacun axillé par une bractée caduque largement triangulaire longue de 6-9 mm, sans lenticelles, à marge faiblement denticulée, apex aigu, parfois apiculé; capitules au nombre de 1-6 par axe secondaire, avec 4 à 16 fleurs, les proximaux insérés à 4-12 mm de la base de l’axe secondaire. Fleurs femelles Description d’après des images de très jeunes fruits. Sessiles; bractéole partiellement couverte par la fleur et plus tard par le fruit; huit pétales, persistants sur les fruits, triangulaires, récurvés lorsque la fleur est réceptive, apex aigu; (7-)8(-11) carpelles et stigmates. Infrutescence Généralement dressée, mais parfois pendante en raison du poids des fruits. Fruits Verts à l’état jeune, orange à maturité, restes des pétales persistants, non coalescents, ovaires libres les uns par rapport aux autres, mais basalement et parfois latéralement accolés; drupes globuleuses à subglobuleuses-déprimées, de 7-9 × (7-) 9-12,5 mm, lisses et charnues à l’état frais, profondément côtelées à l’état sec, les côtes correspondant aux 7-11 pyrènes, styles persistants et récurvés, d’environ 1,5-2 mm. Pyrènes De couleur crème, semi-ellipsoïdaux à semi-ovoïdes, nettement aplatis, de 5,5-6 × 3-4 × 1-2 mm, avec une petite arête proche du hile sur chaque face. NOTES Meryta puruhi sp. nov. appartient clairement à Meryta sect. Meryta (Harms 1938), incluant les espèces où les fleurs femelles et les fruits sont accolés à la base; elle ressemble le plus à M. lanceolata et M. raiateensis des Îles de la Société, avec lesquelles elle partage une même structure d’inflorescence et des ovaires libres, Published as part of Butaud, Jean-François, Florence, Jacques, Lowry II, Porter P. & Tronchet, Frédéric, 2023, Une nouvelle espèce de Meryta J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Araliaceae) de l'archipel des Tuamotu en Polynésie française, pp. 61-71 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (4) on pages 63-70, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a4, http://zenodo.org/record/7671014, {"references":["BUTAUD J. - F. 2007. - Etude de la flore vasculaire de l'atoll souleve de Niau, cartographie de sa vegetation, caracterisation de l'habitat du Martin-Chasseur de Niau et priorites de conservation. SOP Manu × & DIREN, Tahiti, 96 p.","BUTAUD J. - F. 2008. - Flore, formations vegetales et ethnobotanique de l'atoll de Anaa en vue de la conservation de son patrimoine naturel et culturel. DIREN, Tahiti, 66 p.","BUTAUD J. - F. & JACQ F. 2017. - Atolls souleves des Tuamotu - Guide floristique. Direction de l'Environnement, Tahiti, 97 p. https: // www. service-public. pf / diren / wp-content / uploads / sites / 17 / 2019 / 01 / Atolls-souleves-Light. pdf","BUTAUD J. - F. 2017. - Vallees tahitiennes - Guide floristique. 3 e edition. Direction de l'Environnement, Tahiti. https: // www. service-public. pf / diren / wp-content / uploads / sites / 17 / 2019 / 01 / Vallees-tahtiennes-Light. pdf","MEYER J. - Y. 2011. - Rapa, iles Australes - Guide de la flore indigene et endemique. Direction de l'Environnement & Delegation a la Recherche, Tahiti. https: // www. service-public. pf / diren / wp-content / uploads / sites / 17 / 2019 / 01 / Rapa. pdf","THIBAULT J. - C. & CIBOIS A. 2017. - Birds of Eastern Polynesia. A Biogeographic Atlas. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 438 p.","HARMS H. 1938. - Zur Kenntnis von Meryta sonchifolia Linden et Andre und einigen anderen Arten des Gattung. Notizblatt des botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 14: 315 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994949","WELSH S. L. 1998. - Flora Societensis. A Summary Revision of the Flowering Plants of the Society Islands: Mehetia, Tahiti, Moorea, Tetiaroa (iles du vent); Huahine, Raiatea, Tahaa, Bora Bora, Tupai, Maupiti, and Mopelia (iles sous le vent). Utah, E. P. S. Inc, 421 p.","MONTAGGIONI L. F., SALVAT B., AUBANEL A., EISENHAUER A. & MARTIN- GARIN B. 2018. - The mode and timing of windward reef-island accretion in relation with Holocene sea-level change: A case study from Takapoto Atoll, French Polynesia. Geomorphology 318: 320 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geomorph. 2018.06.015","CIBOIS A., THIBAULT J. - C., RAUST P. & PASQUET E. 2011. - Systematics of the reed-warblers of the Tuamotu Archipelago, eastern Polynesia. Emu 111 (2): 139 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / MU 10039","GATEBLE G. 2015. - Flore ornementale de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Horticulture, botanique et histoire. Institut agronomique neo-Caledonien et Editions au Vent des Iles, Tahiti, 624 p."]}

Butaud, Jean-François, Florence, Jacques, Lowry II, Porter P., Tronchet, Frédéric (2023): Une nouvelle espèce de Meryta J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Araliaceae) de l'archipel des Tuamotu en Polynésie française. Adansonia (3) 45 (4): 61-71, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a4

2. Campanula bravensis (Bolle) A. Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 15: 889. 1935 (Fig. 1, 3B, 4A ���A���, 6). ��� Campanula jacobaea var. bravensis Bolle in Bonplandia 9: 51. 1861. Lectotypus (designated by LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995: 222): CABO VERDE. Brava: ���in rupestribus ins.: Brava frequens���, XII.1852, Bolle s.n. (K [K 001134396]!). Sub-frutex 20 ��� 60 cm tall, highly woody in lower part; floriferous stems branched, erect or decumbent to procumbent arising from the base of one or several sterile basal rosettes, glabrous to glabrescent in the woody basal parts with indument hispidulous to hispid toward the extremity, consisting of trichomes 0.2���0.6 mm long. Leaves: rosette leaves narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, (2���)3.5��� 6(���8) �� (0.6���)0.9���1.7 (���2.3) cm, base cuneiform to attenuate, apex obtuse to acute; cauline leaves narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, rarely ovate, (1.5���)3���5(���8) �� (0.5���)1���1.5(���3) cm, base attenuate sometimes asymmetric, apex acute to �� obtuse; margin weakly revolute, crenulate to serrulate; adaxial side light green to pure green in vivo, weakly or densely covered with hispidulous to hispid indument, consisting of trichomes (0.1���)0.2���0.6(���0.75) mm long sometimes with a slight canescent aspect in vivo; abaxial side greenish in vivo, venation whitish, hispidulous to hispid indument on primary and secondary veins consisting of trichomes 0.4���0.6(���0.8) mm long and hispidulous indument on tertiary and ultimate veins consisting of trichomes 0.1���0.3 mm long, lamina glabrescent. Inflorescences in monochasial pauciflorous cyme or rarely in pluriflorous thyrse. Flowers generally �� pendulous or erect, pedicel 1.5���4 cm long, with the same indument as the stem; axillate by one or two bracts subopposite, ovato-triangular or ovate to narrowly ovate, base semiamplexicaul, apex acute, with the same indument as the leaves. Calyx: calyx-lobes narrowly triangular, 10���15 �� 3���5 mm, erect to recurved rarely pressed up against the corolla tube, margin weakly revolute; appendages ovate, reflexed, 1.5���2 mm long; lobe edges, appendages and median main vein covered with an indument hispidulous rarely hispid, consisting of trichomes 0.3���0.45(���0.6) mm long. Corolla tubulate, generally whitishcream (never pure white) with the veins greenish, lobe edges sometime slightly purplish, rarely corolla entirely purplishblue; base wide round; tube cylindrical, 22���33 �� 8 ���13 mm, sometimes slightly constricted in the lower quarter giving an aspect bounded at the base; throat straight to slightly constricted occasionally highly constricted giving in extreme cases an urceolate shape to the corolla, mouth c. 20 mm; lobes erect to recurved, 2 ���4 �� 7.5���11 mm, apex apiculate; primary external veins micro-hispidulous to hispidulous, 0.1 �� 0.15 mm long. Stamens with glabrous filaments; anthers 2���4 mm long. Ovary with pubescent roof, conical, topped by a yellowish-with nectary disk. Style thick, fleshy, 17���22 mm long, included in the corolla, stigma trifid and papillose. Etymology. ��� The epithet bravensis refers to the type locality, the island of Brava; brava meaning ���wild��� in Portuguese. Vernacular names. ��� Among the CVB species, C. bravensis holds the most of vernacular names: in Brava, ���Ortiga-Branca��� and ���Velho-Teso��� (both according BOLLE, 1861); in Fogo, ���Frol-Branca��� (CHEVALIER, 1935), ���Jo��o-Copinho��� in Campanas de Cima and Ribeira Z��ria (Gard��re 1253), ���Pabil��� in Bordeira and Ch�� das Caldeiras (Gard��re 1610), ���Palha-Barquinho��� (in Espig��o, Grandvaux Barbosa 6277; FIGUEIREDO, 1995) and ���Palha-Caneca��� (in Ribeira de S��o Filipe, Cardoso de Matos 5512; FIGUEIREDO, 1995); in Santiago, ���Fl��r-Branca��� in Pico da Ant��nia and ���Ortiga-Branca��� in S��o Jorge dos ��rg��os (both according GOMES, 1994). ���Velho-Teso��� is also use for Spermacoce verticillata L. (Rubiaceae) in Brava (BARBOSA, 1961; DINIZ et al., 2002; MARTINS, 2002). Distribution and habitat. ��� Campanula bravensis has the broadest geographical range: it occurs on the three mountainous southern islands, i.e. Santiago, Fogo and Brava (HANSEN & SUNDING, 1993; LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995; BROCHMANN et al., 1997; S��NCHEZ-PINTO et al., 2005), and is found in the widest range of elevations but in different plant communities according to habitats and islands. In Brava, C. bravensis is found from around 500 m elevation to the highest summits, on rocks regularly submitted to fog with Launaea thalassica N. Kilian et al. (Asteraceae), Tolpis farinulosa Walp. (Asteraceae), Daucus sp. (Apiaceae) and sometimes with Nephrolepis undulata J. Sm. (Nephrolepidaceae) or Pteris vittata L. (Pteridaceae). In Fogo, it can be found in low-elevation valleys from around 70 m (Brochmann & Rustan CB-916/82) up to the highest point of the island (and the entire archipelago), at around 2850 m (Gard��re 1405). In this way, it occupies a diverse range of habitats such as the depths of wet lowland valleys (ribeiras), grassy slopes around Euphorbia tuckeyana Webb (Euphorbiaceae) shrubland, isolated on volcanic ash slopes, on wet rocks, near springs (chupadeiros), or at the entrance of caves with Adiantum capillus-veneris (Pteridaceae), Pteris vittata L. (Pteridaceae) and sometimes with Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. (Aspleniaceae) for the highest elevation locations. Campanula bravensis is very common across these two islands. On the other hand, in Santiago, it is quite rare and is only known from some field stations in the two main mountain ranges, Serra do Pico da Ant��nia and Serra da Malagueta, where it generally occurs around wet rocks with Pteris vittata (Pteridaceae) or more rarely along riverbeds, and often in sympatry with C. jacobaea. Notes. ��� For BOLLE (1861), the concept of his variety bravensis is limited to its type locality, i.e. Brava, because in the protologue he only cited his own collections from this island. Indeed, Bolle made two expeditions to the archipelago in 1851 and 1853 (SALINGER & STREHLOW, 1991), and collected only in Santo Ant��o, S��o Vicente, S��o Nicolau and Brava (BARBOSA, 1962). Later, ANDRADE (1908) extended the concept of the variety bravensis to Fogo. Then, CHEVALIER (1935) raised the variety to the rank of species, adopting a broader concept than currently accepted and which included the islands of Brava, Fogo and Santiago. However, some authors have also extended the distribution of C. bravensis (PETTERSSON, 1960; SUNDING, 1973; ERIKSSON et al., 1974, 1979) to W S��o Nicolau probably owing to the presence in this island of plants with white narrow infundibuliform corollas (C. fransinea), which slightly resemble C. bravensis. For C. bravensis, the tubular corolla shape is the most noteworthy and dependable diagnostic feature to distinguish it from the other species. However, this feature is absent from the original description of the basionym. BOLLE (1861) described the variety bravensis using features of the calyx-lobes, a calyx/ corolla length ratio, and on the indument. That said, he did accurately describe the colour of the corolla: yellowish-white with green veins and with the edge of lamina (i.e. edges of corolla-lobes) slightly purplish. CHEVALIER (1935) added depth to the description of BOLLE (1861) by describing the leaf shape which he used, along with the colour of the flower as a diagnostic feature. However, he did not make any descriptions of the shape of the corolla, even if considered unique in the genus, the character being described much later by LEYENS & LOBIN (1995). Selected material seen. ��� CABO VERDE. Brava: Cruz Nho Basilo, 22.XI.2014, Gard��re 894 (P); road between Faj�� da ��gua and V.N. Cintra, 500 m, 3.II.1994, Leyens CV -94-065 (FR); an der Strasse oberhalb Faj�� de ��gua, 26.X.1979, Lobin 1143 (COI, FR); entre Jo��o de Nole et Cruz Nho Basilo, 850 m, 20.XII.2015, Gard��re 1155 (P); Mato Grande, 650 m, 27.X.1984, Cardoso de Matos 5816 (CECV, LISC); N.S. do Monte, 720 m, 23.XI.2014, Gard��re 901 (CECV, P); am Fussweg zwischen N.S. de Monte und Cova Rodela, c. 650 m, 19.I.1986, Kilian 1186 (FR); Ribeira Faj�� de ��gua, 580 m, 23.XI.2014, Gard��re 906 (P); de Pedra de ��gua para V.N. Cintra, 10.X.1956, Grandvaux Barbosa 6611 (CECV, LISC); Ribeira Tina, 600 m, 17.X.1991, Martins et al. 537 (LISC); Risco Vermelho, 610 m, 23.XI.2014, Gard��re 911 (P); S of V.N. Cintra, 610 m, 21.II.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -2400 (O); ancien chemin de V.N. Sintra �� N.S. do Monte, 650 m, 20.VII.2016, Gard��re 1234 (P); ibid. loco, c. 540 m, 30.I.1994, Leyens CV -94-21 (B, FR); sine loco, 1852, Bolle s.n. (C, K p.p.: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea var. bravensis); sine loco, 1853, Bolle s.n. (Z: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea var. bravensis); sine loco, ���flos sempere flavo albidus���, s.d., Bolle s.n. (COI: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea var. bravensis); sine loco, VI.1873, s.c. ���Herb. Dr. Sagot��� (P). Fogo: Achada Grande, 70 m, 16.II.1982, Brochmann & Rustan CB -916/82 (O); Arco, 400 m, 25.I.1994, Kilian 3368 & Leyens (B, FR); Ch�� das Caldeiras, 1780 m, 5.I.2014, Aedo 21223 (MA); ibid. loco, 2800 m, 7.XI.1983, Cardoso de Matos 5611 (CECV, LISC); ibid. loco, 1800���2000 m, 23���24.VII.1934, Chevalier 44856 (COI, P); ibid. loco, 1700���1780 m, 14.X.1988, Diniz & Cardoso de Matos 260 (LISC); ibid. loco, 1800 m, 21.XII.2015, Gard��re 1164 (CECV, P); ibid. loco, 1740 m, 21.X.2016, Gard��re 1407 (CECV, LISC P); ibid. loco, c. 1760 m, 22.I.1994, Kilian 3278 & Leyens (B, FR); ibid. loco, c. 1600���1750 m, 24.I.1994, Kilian & Leyens 3326 (B, FR); ibid. loco, 1700 m, 30.X.1979, Lobin 1261 (FR); ibid. loco, 2.XI.1979, Lobin 1339 (FR); ibid. loco, 5.XI.1979, Lobin 1413 (FR); fa��ade nord du crat��re et dans le crat��re, 4.XII.1985, Peyre de Fabr��gues 4216 (ALF); Chupadeir��o, 1350 m, 26.VII.2016, Gard��re 1257 (P); Curral Fundo, 1000 m, 7.VIII.1934, Chevalier 45195 (P); Domingos Santos, 1920 m, 21.XII.2017, Gard��re 1606 (CECV, MARS, P); Fern��o Gomes, 1590 m, 19.XII.2013, Gard��re 554 (LISC); ibid. loco, 1540 m, 13.II.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -2193 (O); between Fern��o Gomes and Monte Velha, 1500 m, 15.II.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -2246 (O); Filho de Palha, 2160 m, 24.XII.2017, Gard��re 1615 (CECV, LISC, P); Fonte de Curral Fumo, 1030 m, 2.VIII.2016, Gard��re 1289 (P); ibid. loco, 1030 m, 3.VIII.2016, Gard��re 1291 (CECV, P); Fonte Djam Djorge, 1710 m, 22.XII.2017, Gard��re 1610 (CECV, P); Fonte Figueirinha, 1660 m, 5.XII.1996, Leyens CV -96-662 (FR); Furna Defendida, 900 m, 20.X.2016, Gard��re 1401 (P); Espig��o, 460 m, 18.X.2016, Gard��re 1390 (CECV, P); ibid. loco, 11. I.1956, Grandvaux Barbosa 6277 (CECV, LISC); Monte Duarte, c. 1850 m, 23. I.1994, Kilian 3323 & Leyens (B, FR); entre Monte Cruz e Ponta Alto do Sul, 2100 m, 1.XI.1985, Cardoso de Matos 5992 (CECV, LISC); Monte Sodelho, 880 m, 2.VIII.2016, Gard��re 1282 (P); Monte Velha [or M. Velho], 1650 m, 23.X.1985, Cardoso de Matos 5966 (CECV, LISC); ibid. loco, c. 1550 m, 13. I.1986, Kilian 1117 (B, FR); ibid. loco, c. 1400 m, 28.VII.2016, Gard��re 1263 (CECV, P); ibid. loco, 1500 m, 17.VII.2004, Marrero & Almeida s.n. (LPA); ibid. loco, 1220 m, 2.II.1980, Rustan 922 (O); Montinho, c. 1800 m, 23.XII.2017, Gard��re 1613 (MARS, P); Nhuco, VIII.1934, Chevalier 45178 (P); ibid. loco, 1000 m, 1.VIII.2016, Gard��re 1273 (P); ibid. loco, 24.III.1864, Lowe s.n. (P); Penedo Rachado, 1250 m, 20.XI.2016, Gard��re 1403 (CECV, P); Pico do Fogo, 2750 m, 21.X.2016, Gard��re 1405 (P); Pico Novo, 1750���2800 m, 24. I.1994, Kilian & Leyens 3346 (B, FR); entre Piorno et Monte Cruz, 1540 m, 22.X.2016, Gard��re 1416 (CECV, LISC, P); Relva, 360 m, 19.X.2016, Gard��re 1394 (CECV, P); Ribeira Campanas, 100 m, 14.X.1991, Martins et al. 492 (LISC); ibid. loco, 490 m, 8.XII.1995, Leyens CV -95-522 (FR); ibid. loco, 5.XI.1979, Lobin 1401 (FR); ibid. loco, 19.X.1982, Lobin 2340 (FR); Ribeira Coxo, c. 1200 m, 28.VII.2016, Gard��re 1265 (P); Ribeira Jan Reica, 1200 m, 16.II.1995, Leyens CV -95-421 (FR); Ribeira Monte Preto, 940 m, 17.II.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -2299 (O); ibid. loco, 1005 m, 25.VII.2016, Gard��re 1252 (P); Ribeira S��o Filipe, 950 m, 1.XI.1983, Cardoso de Matos 5512 (CECV, LISC); Ribeira Z��ria, 1130 m, 25.VII.2016, Gard��re 1253 (CECV, P); Ribeiras im Nordwest-Teil der Insel., c. 250 m, 19.X.1982, Lewejohann CV -82- 165 (GOET); Suspensorio, 1980 m, 24.XII.2017, Gard��re 1614 (P); sine loco, 1500 m, X.1898, Newton s.n. (K). Santiago: Org��os Grandes, 300���600 m, IV���V.1898, Fea s.n. (GDOR); Ribeira Cantada, 450 m, 10.VII.1993, Duarte & Gomes 552 (LISC); Ribeira Fund��o, 740 m, 14.XI.2016, Gard��re 1387 (CECV, K, LISC, P); Ribeira Longueira, 800 m, 25.XI.2014, Gard��re 917 (CECV, P); ibid. loco, 15.X.1979, Lobin 1039 (CECV, COI, FR); ibid. loco, 950 m, 18.XI.1976, Sunding 3715 (O); Serra do Pico da Ant��nia, 25.VIII.1934, Chevalier 44717 (P); ibid. loco, 31.XII.1955, Grandvaux Barbosa 6149 (CECV, COI, LISC); sine loco, s.d. [I���II.1832], Darwin s.n. [279] (CGE, K p.p.: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea); sine loco, s.d., s.c. (Z). Sine loco: 1783���1789, Feij�� V - V -2 (P)., Published as part of Gard��re, Mathieu L., Florence, Jacques, Muller, Serge, Savriama, Yoland & Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, 2021, Codonographia Gorgonum, or the description of a pleiad of bellflowers (Campanula, Campanulaceae) from the Cabo Verde archipelago, pp. 13-40 in Candollea 76 (1) on pages 20-24, DOI: 10.15553/c2021v761a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5683807, {"references":["FIGUEIREDO, E. (1995). Campanulaceae. In: PAIVA, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Cabo Verde 86. INIDA, Praia & IICT, Lisboa. GARDERE, M. L. (2015). Two new species of Campanula (Campanu- laceae) from the island of Santo Antao, Cabo Verde archipelago. Phytotaxa 197: 104 - 114.","GOMES, S. (1994). Nomes vernaculos e vulgares de plantas de Cabo Verde. Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 12: 127 - 150.","MARTINS, E. S. (2002). Rubiaceae. In: MARTINS, E. S., J. PAIVA, M. A. DINIZ, I. GOMES & S. GOMES (ed.), Flora de Cabo Verde 86. INIDA, Praia & IICT, Lisboa.","SANCHEZ-PINTO, L., M. L. RODRIGUEZ, S. RODRIGUEZ, K. MARTIN, A. CABRERA & M. CARMEN MARRERO (2005). Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta. In: ARECHAVALETA, M. et al. (ed.), Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres): 38 - 57. Consejeria de Medio Ambiente e Ordenacion Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias.","PETTERSSON, B. (1960). Notes on a Collection of Vascular Plants from the Cape Verde Islands. Commentat. Biol. 22: 1 - 68.","SUNDING, P. (1973). Check-list of the vascular plants of the Cape Verde Islands. Botanical Garden, University of Oslo, Oslo.","ERIKSSON, O., A. HANSEN & P. SUNDING (1974). Flora of Macaronesia. Department of Biology, University of Umea, Umea.","ERIKSSON, O., A. HANSEN, & P. SUNDING (1979). Flora of Macaronesia. 2. rev. ed. Part 1. Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo."]}

5. Campanula monteverdensis Gard��re, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 3E, 5B, 9). Holotypus: CABO VERDE. S��o Vicente: Monte Verde, 16��52'08"N 24��56'04"W, 740 m, 10.XII.2015, Gard��re 1092 (P [P02442690]!; iso-: CECV!). = Campanula jacobaea var. humilis Bolle in Bonplandia 9: 50. 1861. Lectotypus (designated by LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995: 216): CABO VERDE. S��o Vicente: Monte Verde, 1852, Bolle s.n. (K [K001134400]!). Campanulae jacobaeae C. Sm. ex Webb aff inis, sed foliis supra leviter bullatis in vivo, corolla late infundibuliforme sine constrictione (vs. campanulatam fauce paulo constricta), obtronconica basi (vs. rotundatam basim), stylo corollae exserto (vs. stylum corollae inclusum), praecipue differt. Sub-frutex 5 ��� 20 cm tall, highly woody in lower part; floriferous stems branched, procumbent to decumbent arising from the base of one or several sterile basal rosettes, glabrous to glabrescent in the woody basal parts with indument hispidulous to hispid toward the extremity, consisting of trichomes 0.2���0.7 mm long. Leaves: rosette-leaves elliptic to obovate rarely narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovale, (1.1���) 1.5 ��� 3(��� 3.2) �� (0.7 ���)0.9 ��� 1.3(��� 1.5) cm, base cuneiform, apex obtuse; cauline-leaves ovate to elliptic rarely elliptic, 1 ���3.5 �� 0.8��� 1.5 cm, base attenuate sometimes asymmetric, apex acute to obtuse; margin weakly revolute, crenelate; adaxial side pure green in vivo, weakly bullate in vivo, glabrescent or scattered of strigose trichomes, 0.15���0.4 mm long, indument generally more pronounced around the apex; abaxial side light green in vivo, venation whitish, hispidulous-strigillose indument on primary and secondary veins consisting of trichomes 0.4���0.6(���0.7) mm long and hispidulous indument on tertiary and ultimate veins consisting of trichomes 0.1���0.3 mm long, lamina glabrescent. Inflorescences in monochasial pauciflorous cyme with continuous growth. Flowers erect, pedicel 0.5���1.5(���2) cm long, with the same indument as the leaves; axillate by one or two bracts subopposite, ovato-triangular or ovate to narrowly ovate, base semi-amplexicaul, apex acute, with the same indument as the stem. Calyx: calyx-lobes triangular, 10���13 �� 4���6 mm, always pressed up against the corolla, margin distinctly revolute; appendages ovate, reflexed, c. 2 mm long; lobe edges, appendage and median main vein covered with an indument strigillose or hispidulous to hispid, consisting of trichomes 0.15���0.7 mm long. Corolla infundibuliform, dark purple (never white); base straight 7���8 mm large; tube ob-tronconical concave 13���18 mm long, widening gradually upwards and reaching 21���25 mm at the mouth, constrictions absent; throat widely flared; lobes spreading to obliquely erect, 4���8 �� 2���4 mm, apex apiculate; external lamina entirely covered with indument microhispidulous c. 0.1 mm long, except the primary veins micro-hispidulous to hispidous, 0.15���0.2 mm long. Stamens with glabrous filaments; anthers, 2���4 mm long. Ovary with glabrous to glabrescent roof, flat, topped by a yellowish-with nectary disk. Style thick, fleshy, 12���18 mm long, exserted from the corolla, stigma trifid and papillose. Etymology. ��� The epithet monteverdensis for the bellflower ���from Monte Verde��� and refers to the name of the type locality; Monte Verde, meaning ���Green Mountain���. Distribution and habitat. ��� Campanula monteverdensis is confined to the summit of Monte Verde, the highest summit of S��o Vicente, reaching 720 m, frequently battered by the trade winds and covered by fog. This microendemic species grows between rocks in shrubland made up principally of Daucus insularis (Parl.) Spalik et al. (Apiaceae), Echium stenosiphon Webb (Boraginaceae) and Euphorbia tuckeyana (Euphorbiaceae). Notes. ��� The first collection from S��o Vicente was made by Vogel in 1839 (Vogel 73 [K001134391]), which he linked to Campanula dulcis Decne. (VOGEL, 1849: 27), a species endemic to the mountains of the southern Sinai (DECAISNE, 1834). This specimen was chosen by WEBB (1848: tab. 762) as one of syntypes of C. jacobaea (see under C. jacobaea). Then, SCHMIDT (1852: 208) noticed few differences in the habitus and the indument of the bellflowers of S��o Vicente and those of Santo Ant��o that he judged insufficient to warrant taxonomic separation. However, BOLLE (1861) included both the bellflowers from S��o Vicente and the rupicolous forms from the ���xeric��� areas from S��o Nicolau (see under C. fransinea) when he made the description of the variety humilis. Those from S��o Vicente, identified until now as C. jacobaea (KRAUSE, 1892; CHEVALIER, 1935; SUNDING, 1973,1982; ERIKSSON et al., 1974, 1979; HANSEN & SUNDING, 1985, 1993; LOBIN, 1986; FIGUEIREDO, 1995; LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995; BROCHMANN et al., 1997; S��NCHEZ-PINTO et al., 2005), are described as new under C. monteverdensis, a species easily identifiable by: a widely flared infundibuliform corolla, never white, dark purple colour (���gentian blue��� according to BOLLE, 1861: 50); an exserted style; triangular sepals with distinctly revolute margins; and elliptic to obovate leaves with a surface slightly bullate in vivo. The succinct description of BOLLE (1861) was built on inconsistent diagnostic characters (notably related to indument) and on a mixed collection (presence on Bolle s.n. [K001134400] of one C. fransinea flower in the fragment packet). We therefore prefer to describe a new species with an unambiguous recently collected original material than making a nomen novum on Bolle���s variety. Additional specimens examined. ��� CABO VERDE. S��o Vicente: Monte Verde, III.1853, Bolle s.n. (MPU: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea var. humilis); ibid. loco, s.d., Bolle s.n. (Z: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea var. humilis); ibid. loco, 700 m, 14.VIII.1989, Cardoso de Matos 6493 (LISC); ibid. loco, 740 m, 29.X.2014, Gard��re 612 (P); ibid. loco, 700 m, 15.XI.2017, Gard��re 1506 (MARS, P); ibid. loco, 700���750 m, 24.IX.1889, Krause 24366 (B); ibid. loco, 774 m, 11.X.1990, Martins & Gomes 263 (LISC); ibid. loco, 750 m, 12.IX.1986, Mies 28 (FR); ibid. loco, 19.XII.1978, Lewejohann CV -78-084 (GOET); ibid. loco, 700 m, 10.II.1994, Leyens CV -94-100 (FR); ibid. loco, 19.XII.1978, Lobin CV -95 (CECV, FR); ibid. loco, 1.II.1851, Schmidt s.n. (GOET, HBG); ibid. loco, 690 m, 20.X.1972, Sunding 2594 (O); ibid. loco, 720 m, 23.III.1998, Royl 1005 (B); ibid. loco, ���am Mont Verede von 1500��� an���, VI.1841, Vogel 73 (K p.p., L: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea)., Published as part of Gard��re, Mathieu L., Florence, Jacques, Muller, Serge, Savriama, Yoland & Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, 2021, Codonographia Gorgonum, or the description of a pleiad of bellflowers (Campanula, Campanulaceae) from the Cabo Verde archipelago, pp. 13-40 in Candollea 76 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.15553/c2021v761a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5683807, {"references":["VOGEL, T. (1849). Journal of the voyage to the Niger. In: HOOKER, W. J. (ed.), Niger Flora: 21 - 72. Hippolyte Bailliere, London.","WEBB, P. B. (1848). Campanula jacobaea. In: HOOKER, W. J. (ed.), Icon. Pl. 8: tab. 762.","SCHMIDT, J. A. (1852). Beitrage zur Flora der Cap Verdischen Inseln. Akademische Buchhandlung von Ernst Mohr, Heidelberg.","KRAUSE, E. H. L. (1892). Flora der Insel St. Vicent in der Capverdengruppe. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 14: 394 - 425.","ERIKSSON, O., A. HANSEN & P. SUNDING (1974). Flora of Macaronesia. Department of Biology, University of Umea, Umea.","ERIKSSON, O., A. HANSEN, & P. SUNDING (1979). Flora of Macaronesia. 2. rev. ed. Part 1. Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo.","LOBIN, W. (1986). Katalog der von den Kapverdischen Inseln beschriebenen Taxa hoherer Pflanzen (Pteridophyta & Phanerogamae). Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg. 81: 93 - 164.","FIGUEIREDO, E. (1995). Campanulaceae. In: PAIVA, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Cabo Verde 86. INIDA, Praia & IICT, Lisboa. GARDERE, M. L. (2015). Two new species of Campanula (Campanu- laceae) from the island of Santo Antao, Cabo Verde archipelago. Phytotaxa 197: 104 - 114.","SANCHEZ-PINTO, L., M. L. RODRIGUEZ, S. RODRIGUEZ, K. MARTIN, A. CABRERA & M. CARMEN MARRERO (2005). Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta. In: ARECHAVALETA, M. et al. (ed.), Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres): 38 - 57. Consejeria de Medio Ambiente e Ordenacion Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias."]}

Campanula L., Sp. Pl.: 163. 1753. Lectotypus (designated by Hitchcock in HITCHCOCK & GREEN, 1929: 131): Campanula latifolia L. Vernacular names. ��� Thirteen vernacular names in Cabo Verdean Creole language have been noted from the literature and herbarium labels; new names have been recorded on the field. Historically, the most ancient vernacular name has been reported by Feij�� who noted ���Campainhas���, a Portuguese vernacular name to designate the bellflowers which is no longer used in the archipelago (GARD��RE et al., 2019a). Short lists of vernacular names are published by BASTO (1988) and FEIJ��O (1960) but without any information about localities. More recently, GOMES et al. (1995b) and SZPERA (2015) have grouped all the CVB under ���Contra-Bruxas��� but this vernacular name is, in fact, peculiar to the bellflowers from Santo Ant��o (LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995; FIGUEIREDO, 1995). Distribution. ��� In the archipelago, the genus is found on all islands with elevations above 700 m, i.e. Santo Ant��o, S��o Vicente, S��o Nicolau, Santiago, Fogo, and Brava (Fig. 1). Phenology. ��� Flowering and fruiting observed year-round, but flowering peaks after the rainy season between October and December. During the dry season, from April to August, the rosettes of sterile stems contract considerably and the marcescent leaves droop along the stem., Published as part of Gard��re, Mathieu L., Florence, Jacques, Muller, Serge, Savriama, Yoland & Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, 2021, Codonographia Gorgonum, or the description of a pleiad of bellflowers (Campanula, Campanulaceae) from the Cabo Verde archipelago, pp. 13-40 in Candollea 76 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.15553/c2021v761a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5683807, {"references":["GARDERE, M. L., M. C. DUARTE, P. L. R. MORAES, S. MULLER & M. M. ROMEIRAS (2019 a). The scientific expedition of Joao da Silva Feijo to the Cabo Verde Islands (1783 - 1796) and the tribulations of his herbarium. Adansonia ser. 3, 41: 101 - 175.","FEIJAO, R. O. (1960). Elucidario fitologico: plantas vulgares de Portugal continental, insular e ultramarino 1. Instituto Botanico de Lisboa, Lisboa.","GOMES, I., S. GOMES, M. T. VERA-CRUZ, N. KILIAN, T. LEYENS & W. LOBIN (1995 b). Plantas endemicas e arvores indigenas de Cabo Verde. Instituto Nacional de Investigacao e Desenvolvimento Agrario, Praia.","SZPERA, A. (2015) Encyclopedie nature de l'archipel du Cap Vert. Ed. 2. ArtOpera, Ponta do Sol.","FIGUEIREDO, E. (1995). Campanulaceae. In: PAIVA, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Cabo Verde 86. INIDA, Praia & IICT, Lisboa. GARDERE, M. L. (2015). Two new species of Campanula (Campanu- laceae) from the island of Santo Antao, Cabo Verde archipelago. Phytotaxa 197: 104 - 114."]}

7. Campanula cochleromena Gard��re, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 3G, 11). Holotypus: CABO VERDE. E S��o Nicolau: Alto das Caba��as, v��g��tation rupicole au bord des falaises sommitales, 16��35'57"N 24��06'20"W, c. 650 m, 14.XII.2015, Gard��re 1120 (P [P02091100]!; iso-: CECV!, LISC!). Campanulae jacobaeae C. Sm. ex Webb affinis, sed calycis deltatis lobis (vs. triangulares lobos), corolla campanulata sine constrictione (vs. campanulatam corollam fauce paulo constricta), stylo corollae subexserto (vs. stylum corollae inclusum), praecipue differt. Sub-frutex 5���20 cm tall, prostrate in dense clump, highly woody in lower part; floriferous stems branched, procumbent to decumbent arising from the base of one or several sterile basal rosettes, glabrous to glabrescent in the woody basal parts with indument hispid toward the extremity, consisting of trichomes �� 0.5 mm long. Leaves: rosette-leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic (1.5���)2.5���3.5(���4) �� (0.7���)1���1.5(���2) cm, base cuneiform to attenuate, apex �� obtuse to acute; cauline-leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic, (1���)1.5���3.5(���4) �� (0.7���)1���1.3(���1.5) cm, base cuneiform to attenuate, apex �� obtuse; margin weakly revolute, crenelate to slightly denticulate; adaxial side medium green in vivo, glabrescent or scattered by hispidulous to hispid of trichomes 0.2��� 0.5 mm long, indument generally more pronounced around the apex; abaxial side light green in vivo, venation whitish, hispidulous to hispid indument on primary and secondary veins consisting of trichomes 0.2���0.5 mm long and glabrescent on tertiary and ultimate veins, lamina glabrous. Inflorescences in monochasial pauciflorous cyme. Flowers erect, pedicel 0.5���1.5(���2) cm long, with the same indument as the stem; axillate by one or two bracts subopposite, ovato-triangular or ovate to narrowly ovate, base semi-amplexicaul, apex acute, with the same indument as the leaf. Calyx, calyx-lobes deltoid, 5���8 �� 4���6 mm, pressed up against the corolla, margin distinctly revolute; appendages ovate, reflexed, 1���1.5 mm long; lobe edges, appendage and median main vein hispid, 0.5���0.75 mm long, lamina glabrous to weakly hispidulous, 0.35 ���0.5 mm long. Corolla campanulate with inflexion point in the middle, purplish-blue; base wide round c. 6 ��� 8 mm large; tube, 20���22 mm long, gradually widening and reach the maximum diameter of 11 ��� 13 mm in the middle then widening up to 22���28 mm large at the mouth, constrictions absent; throat straight; lobes spreading to obliquely erect, 2���4 �� 8���10 mm, apex apiculate; external lamina entirely covered with indument microhispidulous c. 0.1 mm long, except the primary veins micro-hispidulous to hispidous, 0.1���0.2 mm long. Stamens with glabrous filaments; anthers, 2���4 mm long. Ovary, roof of the ovary glabrous to glabrescent, flat, topped by a yellowishwith nectary disk. Style thick, fleshy, 16���20 mm long, slightly exserted from the corolla, stigma trifid and papillose. Etymology. ��� The species epithet cochleromena meaning ���loved by snails���, is a compound of two words of ancient Greek: cochlos, ���snail��� and eromenos, ���loved, desired by���. Indeed, a rare phenomenon of pollination by snails was recently observed in the species (GARD��RE, 2018). Vernacular name. ��� ���Flor-de-caracol��� literally ���snail flower���, the name is not very widespread and only known by a few shepherds working on the summits of Alto das Caba��as (GARD��RE, 2018). Distribution and habitat. ��� Campanula cochleromena is endemic to E S��o Nicolau, between 550 and 650 m. The species is mainly confined to the edges of cliffs, on summit ridges of Alto Joaquina and Alto Caba��as, facing completely north, windblown and regularly covered by the fog. Campanula cochleromena is part of rupicolous vegetation principally made up of microendemic species such as Conyza schlechtendalii Bolle (Asteraceae), Helichrysum nicolai N. Kilian et al. (Asteraceae), Diplotaxis sundingii Rustan (Brassicaceae) and Limonium sundingii Leyens et al. (Plumbaginaceae) with other more broadly ranging Cabo Verdean endemic species like Daucus sp. (Apiaceae), Verbascum capitis-viridis Hub. -Mor. (Scrophulariaceae) and some Euphorbia tuckeyana (Euphorbiaceae). One locality is an exception, as being located in a stabilized landslide in Tope Simon around 500 m elevation, where the floristic community is poorer and composed of Daucus sp. (Apiaceae) and Echium stenosiphon (Boraginaceae). Notes. ��� The populations from E S��o Nicolau, identified until now as C. jacobaea (ERIKSSON et al., 1979; HANSEN & SUNDING, 1985, 1993; SUNDING, 1982; RUSTAN & BROCHMANN, 1993; LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995; GARD��RE, 2018), are described here as new under C. cochleromena. The discovery of this bellflowers is relatively recent, the first collect dates back to Sunding in 1976 from the locality of Alto Joaquina followed by those of Brochmann & Rustan in 1982 for the locality of Alto das Caba��as. Campanula cochleromena is distinguished from all other CVB species by its typically campanulate corolla without constriction (Fig. 1, 11C) and by its deltoid calyx-lobes (Fig. 11D). Additional specimens examined. ��� CABO VERDE. E S��o Nicolau: Alto das Caba��as, 640 m, 2.II.1982, Brochmann & Rustan CB -688/82 (O); ibid. loco, c. 650 m, 20.XI.2014, Gard��re 872 (P); ibid. loco, c. 650 m, 14.XII.2015, Gard��re 1119 (P); ibid. loco, c. 550���650 m, 14.I.1994, Kilian & Leyens 3182 (B, FR); Alto Joaquina, 615 m, 11.XII.2017, Gard��re 1590 (CECV, LISC, MARS, P); ibid. loco, 570 m, 24.XI.1976, Sunding 3835 (O); in den Bergen s��dlich Juncalinho, 600 m, 6.I.1986, Kilian 1063 (FR); Tope Jalunga, 29.XI.1996, Schmidt CV / KS -1996-22 (FR); Tope Simon, 550 m, 17.XII.2017, Gard��re 1127 (CECV, P). Nomen dubium Campanula jacobaea var. hispida Bolle in Bonplandia 9: 51. 1861. Typus: CABO VERDE. Santiago: ���loco natali specialiore ignoto���, s.d., Bocand�� s.n. (not found). Notes. ��� We transcribe here the note of BOLLE (1861: 51) on the variety hispida: ��� Hab. in insula Santiago, loco natali specialiore ignoto. Inter reliquias B. Bocand�� inventam e pessimis exemplis imperfecte tantum novimus. Fieri potest, hanc propriam esse speciem; eximia setositate florumque exiguitate habitu saltem a stirpe Webbiana, quae probabiliter et Smithiana, magnopere recedit; tamen ab hac eam separare non ausi sumus ���; and we give here-after this loose translation: ���Grows on the island of Santiago, the exact locality is unknown. We only know it [var. hispida] imperfectly from poor specimens of B. Bocand��. It may be a particular species. By the extreme hairiness of the flower and the weakness of the habit, it differentiates itself strongly from that of Webb and is probably that of Smith; however, we dare not separate it from that [C. jacobaea]���. BOLLE (1861) described the var. hispida for the island of Santiago based on the Bocand�����s collection, currently untraceable. The specimens from B used by Bolle for the description of his varieties were destroyed in the fire of Berlin in 1943 (HIEPKO, 1987) and probably alongside those of Bocand��. LEYENS & LOBIN (1995) treated the variety as a synonym of C. jacobaea but the same authors saw and identified a specimen of Bocand�� conserved at ���D��� as C. bravensis. However, ���D��� does not correspond any indexed herbarium (THIERS, 2019) and it is probably a typing error (W. Lobin, pers. comm.). The only known European Herbaria to hold Bocand�����s collections are B, FI-W and S (M. L. Gard��re, unpubl. data) but S is temporarily closed for renovation. We were unable to check this specimen and to confirm or not the identification of LEYENS & LOBIN (1995). The description of Bolle is insufficient to place the variety hipida among the CVB species. Given that Santiago harbors both C. jacobaea and C. bravensis, we prefer a precautionary approach and rather consider it to be a nomen dubium. Campanula jacobaea var. hispida Bolle in Bonplandia 9: 51. 1861. Typus: CABO VERDE. Santiago: ���loco natali specialiore ignoto���, s.d., Bocand�� s.n. (not found). Notes. ��� We transcribe here the note of BOLLE (1861: 51) on the variety hispida: ��� Hab. in insula Santiago, loco natali specialiore ignoto. Inter reliquias B. Bocand�� inventam e pessimis exemplis imperfecte tantum novimus. Fieri potest, hanc propriam esse speciem; eximia setositate florumque exiguitate habitu saltem a stirpe Webbiana, quae probabiliter et Smithiana, magnopere recedit; tamen ab hac eam separare non ausi sumus ���; and we give here-after this loose translation: ���Grows on the island of Santiago, the exact locality is unknown. We only know it [var. hispida] imperfectly from poor specimens of B. Bocand��. It may be a particular species. By the extreme hairiness of the flower and the weakness of the habit, it differentiates itself strongly from that of Webb and is probably that of Smith; however, we dare not separate it from that [C. jacobaea]���. BOLLE (1861) described the var. hispida for the island of Santiago based on the Bocand�����s collection, currently untraceable. The specimens from B used by Bolle for the description of his varieties were destroyed in the fire of Berlin in 1943 (HIEPKO, 1987) and probably alongside those of Bocand��. LEYENS & LOBIN (1995) treated the variety as a synonym of C. jacobaea but the same authors saw and identified a specimen of Bocand�� conserved at ���D��� as C. bravensis. However, ���D��� does not correspond any indexed herbarium (THIERS, 2019) and it is probably a typing error (W. Lobin, pers. comm.). The only known European Herbaria to hold Bocand�����s collections are B, FI-W and S (M. L. Gard��re, unpubl. data) but S is temporarily closed for renovation. We were unable to check this specimen and to confirm or not the identification of LEYENS & LOBIN (1995). The description of Bolle is insufficient to place the variety hipida among the CVB species. Given that Santiago harbors both C. jacobaea and C. bravensis, we prefer a precautionary approach and rather consider it to be a nomen dubium. Campanula jacobaea var. hispida Bolle in Bonplandia 9: 51. 1861. Typus: CABO VERDE. Santiago: ���loco natali specialiore ignoto���, s.d., Bocand�� s.n. (not found). Notes. ��� We transcribe here the note of BOLLE (1861: 51) on the variety hispida: ��� Hab. in insula Santiago, loco natali specialiore ignoto. Inter reliquias B. Bocand�� inventam e pessimis exemplis imperfecte tantum novimus. Fieri potest, hanc propriam esse speciem; eximia setositate florumque exiguitate habitu saltem a stirpe Webbiana, quae probabiliter et Smithiana, magnopere recedit; tamen ab hac eam separare non ausi sumus ���; and we give here-after this loose translation: ���Grows on the island of Santiago, the exact locality is unknown. We only know it [var. hispida] imperfectly from poor specimens of B. Bocand��. It may be a particular species. By the extreme hairiness of the flower and the weakness of the habit, it differentiates itself strongly from that of Webb and is probably that of Smith; however, we dare not separate it from that [C. jacobaea]���. BOLLE (1861) described the var. hispida for the island of Santiago based on the Bocand�����s collection, currently untraceable. The specimens from B used by Bolle for the description of his varieties were destroyed in the fire of Berlin in 1943 (HIEPKO, 1987) and probably alongside those of Bocand��. LEYENS & LOBIN (1995) treated the variety as a synonym of C. jacobaea but the same authors saw and identified a specimen of Bocand�� conserved at ���D��� as C. bravensis. However, ���D��� does not correspond any indexed herbarium (THIERS, 2019) and it is probably a typing error (W. Lobin, pers. comm.). The only known European Herbaria to hold Bocand�����s collections are B, FI-W and S (M. L. Gard��re, unpubl. data) but S is temporarily closed for renovation. We were unable to check this specimen and to confirm or not the identification of LEYENS & LOBIN (1995). The description of Bolle is insufficient to place the variety hipida among the CVB species. Given that Santiago harbors both C. jacobaea and C. bravensis, we prefer a precautionary approach and rather consider it to be a nomen dubium., Published as part of Gard��re, Mathieu L., Florence, Jacques, Muller, Serge, Savriama, Yoland & Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, 2021, Codonographia Gorgonum, or the description of a pleiad of bellflowers (Campanula, Campanulaceae) from the Cabo Verde archipelago, pp. 13-40 in Candollea 76 (1) on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.15553/c2021v761a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5683807, {"references":["GARDERE, M. L. (2018). Snails in the flowers of Campanula jacobaea C. Sm. ex Webb (Campanulaceae) from the island of Sao Nicolau archipelago. Adansonia ser. 3, 40: 183 - 186.","ERIKSSON, O., A. HANSEN, & P. SUNDING (1979). Flora of Macaronesia. 2. rev. ed. Part 1. Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo.","SUNDING, P. (1982). Additions to the flora of Cape Verde Islands - III. Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 5: 125 - 138.","HIEPKO, P. (1987). The collections of the Botanical Museum Berlin- Dahlem (B) and their history. Englera 7: 219 - 252.","THIERS, B. (2019). Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. [http: // sweetgum. nybg. org / science / ih]"]}

6. Campanula fransinea Gard��re, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 3F, 4B���D, 10). Holotypus: CABO VERDE. W S��o Nicolau: Massif du Monte Gordo, Monte Vermelho, 16��37'02"N 24��20'22"W, 905 m, 18.XI.2014, Gard��re 822 (P [P02442651]!; iso-: CECV!). Campanulae jacobaeae C. Sm. ex Webb aff inis, sed foliis rosulatis anguste obovatis vel anguste ellipticis vel spatulatis (vs. ovata rosulata folia), calycis lobis anguste triangularibus (vs. calycis triangulares lobos), corolla infundibuliforme sine constrictione, obtronconica basi (vs. campanulatam corollam), praecipue differt. Sub-frutex 20��� 60 cm tall, highly woody in lower part; floriferous stems branched, procumbent to decumbent arising from the base of one or several sterile basal rosette or pseudorosette, often ephemeral, glabrous to glabrescent in the woody basal parts with indument hirtellous to hispidulous toward the extremity, consisting of trichomes 0.5���0.65 mm long. Leaves: rosette-leaves narrowly elliptic to spathulate rarely oblanceolate, (3���)4���7.5(��� 10) �� (0.8���)1��� 2.5(��� 3) cm, base cuneiform to attenuate concave, apex �� obtuse to acute; cauline-leaves narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic rarely ovate, (2)���3.5���6.5 (���8) �� (0.6���)1���1.7(���2) cm, base attenuate sometimes slightly asymmetric, apex acute to �� obtuse; margin weakly revolute, crenelate to serrulate; adaxial side pure green to medium green in vivo, weakly or densely covered with hispidulous to hispid indument consisting of trichomes 0.1���0.8 mm long; abaxial side light green in vivo, venation whitish, hispidulous to hispid indument on primary and secondary veins consisting of trichomes 0.3���0.6(���0.8) mm long and hispidulous indument on tertiary and ultimate veins consisting of trichomes 0.1���0.3 mm long, lamina glabrescent. Inflorescences in monochasial pauciflorous cyme or rarely in pluriflorous thyrse. Flowers pendulous to erect, pedicel curved to erect, 0.25���0.8 cm long, with the same indument as the leaves; axillate by one or two bracts subopposite, ovato-triangular or ovate to narrowly ovate, base semi-amplexicaul, apex acute, with the same indument as the leaves. Calyx: calyx-lobes narrowly triangular, 10���15 �� 3���5 mm, slightly recurved, median main vein in relief in vivo, margin obscurely revolute; appendages ovate, reflexed, 1���2 mm long; lobe edges, appendage and median main vein covered with an indument hispidulous, rarely hispid, consisting of trichomes 0.2 ���0.4(���0.6) mm long. Corolla infundibuliform, generally purple-blue rarely pure white or pink; base straight, 6���8 mm large; tube ob-tronconical straight, 20���34 mm long, widening gradually upwards and reaching 20���28 mm large at the mouth, constrictions absent; throat flared; lobes spreading to obliquely erect, 2.5��� 3.5 �� 8��� 10 mm, apex apiculate; external primary veins micro-hispidulous to hirtellous, 0.15���0.45 mm long. Stamens with glabrous filaments; anthers 2���4 mm long. Ovary with glabrous to glabrescent roof, flat, topped by a yellowishwith nectary disk. Style thick, fleshy, 15���25 mm long, included in the corolla, stigma trifid and papillose. Etymology. ��� To pay tribute to Feij�����s work on CVB, the epithet fransinea (devoid of taxonomic significance) is adopted to name the bellflowers from W S��o Nicolau. Feij�� dedicated the genus to the Italian mathematician Miguel Franzini (c. 1730��� 1810), one of his professors at the University of Coimbra (GARD��RE et al., 2019a). Vernacular name. ��� ���Dedal��� (CARDOSO J��NIOR, 1905; HENRIQUES, 1896; BARBOSA, 1961; LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995; FIGUEIREDO, 1995) a Portuguese word meaning ���thimble���, the colour adjectives ���branco��� (white) or ���azul��� (blue) is sometimes added to the name. Distribution and habitat. ��� Campanula fransinea is endemic to W S��o Nicolau and can be found from 600 m to 1200 m. The species occurs in diverse habitats: wet areas, in highelevation shrubland with Euphorbia tuckeyana (Euphorbiaceae), Asteriscus smithii (Webb) Walp. (Asteraceae) and Daucus insularis (Apiaceae) on the flanks of Monte Gordo, and up to the most ���xeric��� rupicolous areas, on rocks with Aeonium gorgoneum (Crassulaceae), Polycarpaea gayi (Caryophyllaceae), Kickxia elegans (Scrophulariaceae). The lowest locality is at c. 400 m, in Ribeira Tucuda (Gard��re 880), and corresponds to the single known occurrence in a spring, where Campanula fransinea grows together with Adiantum capillus-veneris (Pteridaceae) and Pteris vittata (Pteridaceae). Notes. ��� Until now, the populations from W S��o Nicolau were traditionally identified as C. jacobaea (COUTINHO, 1914; CHEVALIER, 1935; SUNDING, 1973, 1982; ERIKSSON et al. 1974, 1979; NOGUEIRA, 1976; HANSEN & SUNDING, 1985, 1993; RUSTAN & BROCHMANN, 1993; GOMES et al., 1995a; LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995; FIGUEIREDO, 1995; S��NCHEZ-PINTO et al., 2005) but some authors have also recognized the presence of C. bravensis in this region (see under C. bravensis). Three Forbes��� specimens collected in 1822 in W S��o Nicolau ([K000865901, K001134405, K001134390]) were chosen by WEBB (1848: tab. 762) to be part of the syntypes of C. jacobaea (see under C. jacobaea). Later, in his taxonomic treatment, BOLLE (1861) grouped the bellflowers of high-elevation humid areas from W S��o Nicolau with those from Santo Ant��o in the type variety ��� genuina ��� (see under C. feijoana), and the bellflowers of the more ���xeric��� areas from W S��o Nicolau and those from S��o Vicente in the variety humilis (see under C. monteverdensis). All the populations from W S��o Nicolau are described here as new under C. fransinea. This species differs from other CVB species by its narrow infundibuliform corolla of 20���34 mm long (Fig. 10C). However, it remains quite close to C. vicinituba which has a corolla also narrow infundibuliform but shorter (20 mm) and more flared (Fig. 8D); and differs from the characters indicated in the key. According to its habitats, C. fransinea shows different forms with upright forms in high-elevation shrubland (Fig. 10A), and tufted forms in drier rupicolous areas (Fig. 10F). Additional specimens examined. ��� CABO VERDE. W S��o Nicolau: ��gua das Patas, 675���700 m, 20.VII.2004, Marrero & Almeida s.n. (LPA); ���ad rupes loco dicto Caxa��o ���, X.1851, Bolle s.n. (Z: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea var. humilis); Cacha��o, 750 m, 17.I.1992, Cardoso de Matos & Gomes 6933 (LISC); ibid.loco, 590 m, 30.I.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -1901 (O); betw.Cacha��o and Monte Gordo, 900 m, 23.XI.1976, Sunding 3773 (O); Caminho da Caldeira, 22.II.1864, Lowe s.n. (BM, K); Calej��o, 21.IV.1956, Grandvaux Barbosa 7257 (CECV, LISC); Monte Caramujo, 720 m, 20.XII.2017, Gard��re 1568 (CECV, LISC, P); Monte Deserto, 715 m, 8.XII.2017, Gard��re 1577 (CECV, P); ibid. loco, 700 m, 25.XI.1976, Sunding 3858 (O); Monte Gordo, 1270 m, 29.I.1982, Brochmann & Rustan CB -541/82 (O); ibid. loco, 1030 m, 3.III.1992, Cardoso de Matos & Gomes 7039 (LISC); ibid. loco, X.1891, Cardoso J��nior 68 (COI); ibid. loco, 24.X.1891, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (Z); ibid. loco, XII.1893, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (LISU); ibid. loco, Monte Vermelho, 990 m, 18.XI.2014, Gard��re 818 (P); ibid. loco, Hortel��o, 865 m, 18.XI.2014, Gard��re 831 (CECV, P); ibid. loco, sentier menant �� Assomada de R. Calhau, 1005 m, 19.XI.2014, Gard��re 856 (P); ibid. loco, 980 m, 12.XII.2015, Gard��re 1096 (P), 1100 (CECV, LISC, K, P); ibid. loco, 950 m, 4.XII.2017, Gard��re 1566.1���4 ( P ); ibid. loco, 950 m, 4.XII.2017, Gard��re 1566.5 (MARS); ibid. loco, 1030 m, 6.XII.2017, Gard��re 1572 (CECV, P); ibid. loco, c. 1000 m, 1.I.1986, Kilian 989 (B, FR); ibid. loco, c. 950���1050 m, 13.I.1994, Kilian & Leyens 3136 (B, FR); ibid. loco, c. 1100 m, 13.I.1994, Kilian & Leyens 3145 (B, FR); ibid. loco, c. 950���1050 m, 15.I.1994, Kilian & Leyens 3193 (B); ibid. loco, c. 950 m, 28.XI.1980, Lewejohann CV -80- 261 (GOET); ibid. loco, 15.X.1953, Lindberg 20 (H); ibid. loco, 28.XII.1978, Lobin CV -231 (FR); ibid. loco, 1270 m, 29.I.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR - 1849 (O); ibid. loco, 1000 m, 23.XI.1976, Sunding 3798 (O); Monte Junto, X.1891, Cardoso J��nior 10 (COI); Ribeira Calhau, 955 m, 6.XII.2017, Gard��re 1574 (P); Ribeira Camar��es, c. 300 m, 17.I.1994, Kilian & Leyens 3218 (B, FR); Ribeira da Prata, 1893, Cardoso J��nior 12269 (LISC); ibid. loco, 1893, Cardoso J��nior 111 (LISU); ibid. loco, II.1894, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (COI); Ribeira Tucuda, 400 m, 20.XI.2014, Gard��re 880 (CECV, LISC, P); op weg van Tarrafal vanaf Ribeira Brava, 500���800 m, 19.IX.2002, Prud���homme van Reine s.n. (L); sine loco, ���CANCAP-VI Expedition���, c. 1000 m, 14.VI.1982, Boekschoten Ph60 (L); sine loco, 1851, Bolle s.n. (C, MPU: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea var. humilis); sine loco, ���in rupestribus���, X.1851, Bolle s.n. (K p.p.: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea var. humilis); sine loco, s.d., Bolle s.n. (COI: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea var. humilis); sine loco, s.d. [27.III.1822], Forbes s.n. [35] (K p.p.: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea); sine loco, 22.II.1864, Lowe s.n. (LISU). Sine loco: 1895, Cardoso J��nior III (K); 1783���1789, Feij�� V - V -1 (P)., Published as part of Gard��re, Mathieu L., Florence, Jacques, Muller, Serge, Savriama, Yoland & Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, 2021, Codonographia Gorgonum, or the description of a pleiad of bellflowers (Campanula, Campanulaceae) from the Cabo Verde archipelago, pp. 13-40 in Candollea 76 (1) on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.15553/c2021v761a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5683807, {"references":["GARDERE, M. L., M. C. DUARTE, P. L. R. MORAES, S. MULLER & M. M. ROMEIRAS (2019 a). The scientific expedition of Joao da Silva Feijo to the Cabo Verde Islands (1783 - 1796) and the tribulations of his herbarium. Adansonia ser. 3, 41: 101 - 175.","HENRIQUES, J. A. (1896). Contribucao para o estudo da Flora de Cabo Verde. Bol. Soc. Brot. 13: 130 - 150.","FIGUEIREDO, E. (1995). Campanulaceae. In: PAIVA, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Cabo Verde 86. INIDA, Praia & IICT, Lisboa. GARDERE, M. L. (2015). Two new species of Campanula (Campanu- laceae) from the island of Santo Antao, Cabo Verde archipelago. Phytotaxa 197: 104 - 114.","SUNDING, P. (1973). Check-list of the vascular plants of the Cape Verde Islands. Botanical Garden, University of Oslo, Oslo.","SUNDING, P. (1982). Additions to the flora of Cape Verde Islands - III. Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 5: 125 - 138.","ERIKSSON, O., A. HANSEN & P. SUNDING (1974). Flora of Macaronesia. Department of Biology, University of Umea, Umea.","ERIKSSON, O., A. HANSEN, & P. SUNDING (1979). Flora of Macaronesia. 2. rev. ed. Part 1. Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo.","NOGUEIRA, I. (1976). Plantas colhidas pelo Eng. ° L. A. Grandvaux Barbosa no arquipelago de Cabo Verde - III. Spermatophyta (Rubiaceae-Gentianaceae). Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 3: 19 - 32.","GOMES, I., S. GOMES, N. KILIAN, T. LEYENS, W. LOBIN & M. T. VERA-CRUZ (1995 a). Notes on the flora of the Cape Verde Islands, W Africa. Willdenowia 25: 177 - 196.","SANCHEZ-PINTO, L., M. L. RODRIGUEZ, S. RODRIGUEZ, K. MARTIN, A. CABRERA & M. CARMEN MARRERO (2005). Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta. In: ARECHAVALETA, M. et al. (ed.), Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres): 38 - 57. Consejeria de Medio Ambiente e Ordenacion Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias.","WEBB, P. B. (1848). Campanula jacobaea. In: HOOKER, W. J. (ed.), Icon. Pl. 8: tab. 762."]}

Key to the Cabo Verdean species of Campanula 1. Corolla campanulate or infundibuliform; roof of the ovary glabrous and flat.......................................................... 2 1a. Corolla tubular (rarely urceolate); roof of the ovary pubescent and conical...................................... 2. C. bravensis 2. Corolla campanulate................................................... 3 2a. Corolla infundibuliform.............................................. 4 3. Corolla with inflexion point in the upper third, throat slightly constricted; calyx-lobes triangular........................................................................................ 1. C. jacobaea 3a. Corolla with inflexion point in the middle, throat not constricted; calyx-lobes deltoid......... 7. C. cochleromena 4. Corolla constricted in the median part..... 3. C. feijoana 4a. Corolla gradually widening without any visible constriction.............................................................................. 5 5. Corolla narrowly flared, style included; calyx-lobes triangular, margin not or weakly revolute............................ 6 5a. Corolla widely flared, style exserted; calyx-lobes widely triangular, margin clearly and distinctly revolute................................................................... 5. C. monteverdensis 6. Corolla-tube ob-tronconical straight, 20 –34 mm long; rosette-leaves narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, (3–) 4–7.5(–10) × (0.8–)1–2.5(–3) cm, surface matt and pubescent with scattered hispidulous trichomes adaxially, with margin obscurely undulate to plane, primary and secondary veins hispidulous to hispid abaxially; margin of calyxlobes hispidulous to hispid..................... 6. C. fransinea 6a. Corolla-tube ob-tronconical straight to concave, 16–20 mm long; rosette-leaves narrowly elliptic to obovate, (1–)1.5–2.7(–3.3) × (0.5–)0.7–1(–1.2) cm, surface glossy and glabrescent adaxially, with margin always clearly undulate, primary and secondary veins strigillose to strigose abaxially; margin of calyx-lobes strigillose to strigose.............................................................. 4. C. vicinituba

1. Campanula jacobaea C. Sm. ex Webb in Hook., Icon. Pl. 8: tab. 762. 1848 (Fig. 1, 2, 3A, 5C). Lectotypus (erroneously designated by PORTER, 1986: 85; corrected and designated here): CABO VERDE: sine loco, ���sp. r. to be figured, Cap Verd���, s.d. [IV.1822], Forbes s.n. (G [G 00426961] image!). Sub-frutex 15 ��� 40 cm tall, highly woody in lower part; floriferous stems branched, decumbent to pendulous arising from the base of one or several sterile basal rosettes, glabrous to glabrescent in the woody basal parts with indument hispidulous to hispid toward the extremity, consisting of trichomes 0.2���1 mm long. Leaves: rosette leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic, (1.5���)3���4(���5) �� (0.5���)1���1.5(���2.5) cm, base cuneiform to slightly attenuate, apex �� obtuse to acute; cauline leaves narrowly ovate to elliptic, (1.5���)2.5���3.5(���5.5) �� (0.5���) 0.8���1.5(���2.5) cm, base attenuate sometimes asymmetric, apex �� obtuse to acute; margin weakly revolute, crenulate; adaxial side light green in vivo, weakly or densely covered with hispidulous to hispid indument, consisting of trichomes 0.2���0.5 mm long; abaxial side light green in vivo, venation whitish, hispidulous to hispid indument on primary and secondary veins consisting of trichomes 0.4���0.6(���0.8) mm long and hispidulous indument on tertiary and ultimate veins consisting of trichomes 0.1���0.3 mm long, lamina glabrescent. Inflorescences in monochasial pauciflorous cyme or rarely in pluriflorous thyrse. Flowers erect rarely pendulous, pedicel 0.5���1.5(��� 2) cm long, with the same indument as the stem; axillate by one or two bracts subopposite, ovato-triangular or ovate to narrowly ovate, base semi-amplexicaul, apex acute, with the same indument as the leaves. Calyx: calyx-lobes triangular, 10���13 �� 4���6 mm, erect, margin weakly revolute; appendages ovate, reflexed, 1.5���2 mm long; calyx-lobes, lobe edges, appendages and median main vein covered with an indument hispidulous to hispid consisting of trichomes 0.3���0.65 mm long. Corolla campanulate with inflexion point in the upper third, purplish-blue sometimes mauve with veins distinctly marked; base wide round c. 8 mm large; tube, 23���30 mm long, gradually widening and reach the maximum diameter of 14 ���18 mm in the upper third; throat slightly constricted then widening up to 20 ���26 mm at the mouth; lobes spreading to obliquely erect, 2 ���4 �� 9���12 mm, apex apiculate; primary external veins hispidulous. Stamens with glabrous filaments; anthers 2��� 4 mm long. Ovary with glabrous to glabrescent roof, flat, topped by a yellowish-with nectary disk. Style thick, fleshy, 15���18 mm long, included in the corolla, stigma trifid and papillose. Etymology. ��� The specific epithet ��� jacobaea ���, from the Latin Jacobus, refers to Santiago or ���Saint James���; the island was given the name because it was discovered on Saint James Day. Jacobaea was initially chosen by Smith in 1816 to name the bellflowers from Santiago, which he wanted to describe as new to the Cabo Verde flora. Vernacular name. ��� GOMES (1994) note ���Velho-Teso��� but in Brava this name is also use for Spermacoce verticillata L. (Rubiaceae) (BARBOSA, 1961; DINIZ et al., 2002; MARTINS, 2002) and Campanula bravensis (BOLLE, 1861). Distribution and habitat. ��� Campanula jacobaea, now circumscribed to Santiago, is a montane chasmophyte that can be found from 600 m to 1100 m in humid rupicolous areas: on cliffs frequently covered in dense fog, with Limonium lobinii N. Kilian & Leyens (Plumbaginaceae), Polycarpaea gayi Webb (Caryophyllaceae), Kickxia elegans (G. Forst.) D.A. Sutton (Scrophulariaceae), sometimes Hypodematium crenatum (Dryopteridaceae) and abundant lichens, or on seeping rock faces and near to springs (chupadeiros) in the depths of valleys, near dense ferns, mainly Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (Pteridaceae), and sometimes Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy (Thelypteridaceae). Campanula jacobaea is confined to the main mountains: Serra do Pico da Ant��nia and Serra da Malagueta, but also Monte Afonso and Monte Tagarrinho, the last two localities being chorological novelties. Notes. ��� WEBB (1848: tab. 762) based the description of C. jacobaea on collections from different geographical origin and different collectors; only the names of the collectors were indicated. The following year in his Spicilegia Gorgonea WEBB (1849: 148) added information such as localities, dates and sometimes collection numbers. Eight syntypes have been located. Original material is extant in the Hooker Herbarium (now K) and mounted on two sheets (Fig. 4, 5) with duplicates in CGE and L and a further syntype has been located in G. On the first sheet of original material in K (Fig. 4), four specimens are mounted of which only those on the bottom half display the names of the collectors (Fig. 4A���B). On the bottom right, the Darwin���s specimen [K000865902] collected in Santiago represents C. bravensis (Fig. 4A). A small footnote cross leads to a label (Fig. 4 A���) with a printed reference ��� from J.S. Henslow ��� and ��� Campanula ��� in Hooker f.���s handwriting and ��� C. Darwin���s Ms. No. 279 (��.) ��� and ��� 166 ��� in an unidentified handwriting ��� probably numbering by Hooker f. or Henslow (PORTER, 1986). Just above Darwin���s specimen on the left is the Forbes��� specimen (Fig. 4B) from S��o Nicolau (��� n. 35 ��� according WEBB, 1849; [K001134406], identified here as C. fransinea) and with the locality and collector handwritten: ��� Isle San Nicol. Forbes ���. The other two specimens on the upper half [K000865901] (Fig. 4C) and [K001134405] (Fig. 4D), are erroneously annotated ��� Teneriffe ��� in the Canary Islands by Hooker f. LEYENS & LOBIN (1995) were misled by the placement of the label (Fig. 4 A���) and wrongly attributed them to Darwin. These two specimens represent C. fransinea and most likely collected in S��o Nicolau. Among the collectors cited in the protologue, Forbes was the only one who visited S��o Nicolau from March 27 TH to 31ST, 1822 (OWEN, 1833); Darwin only visited Santiago (VALA, 2009). Therefore, the two specimens [K000865901] (Fig. 4C) and [K001134405] (Fig. 4D) must have been collected by Forbes. [K000865901] also holds the same fragment of Hypodematium crenatum found on [K001134406] that reinforced the collection locality, i.e. S��o Nicolau (Fig. 4B���C). Furthermore, [K000865901] (Fig. 4C) holds a small leaf of Diplotaxis gracilis (Webb) O.E. Schulz (Brassicaceae), a species endemic to the W S��o Nicolau. The second sheet in K (Fig. 5) contains three different specimens with original labels: on the upper half, Forbes s.n. [K001134390] identified by Webb as ��� C. daltonii ��� (see Introduction) from Santo Ant��o (��� n. 4 ��� according WEBB, 1849) and identified here as C. feijoana (Fig. 5A); on the bottom right, Vogel 73 [K001134391] from S��o Vicente, identified here as C. monteverdensis (Fig. 5B); and on the bottom right, Hooker 125 [K001134407] from Santiago, identified here as C. jacobaea (Fig. 5C). The original material located in G is a specimen collected by Forbes [G00426961]. The locality is not mentioned but should be from Santiago where Forbes made a stopover in early April 1822 (OWEN, 1833). On the original determination label on the bottom left is written ��� Campanula Daltonii Webb ��� and ��� sp. [specimen] r. [retained] to be figured, Cap Verd, Forbes ��� both in Webb���s handwriting. This specimen has served for the preparation of the illustrations of C. jacobaea (WEBB, 1848: tab. 762) and is here identified as C. jacobaea. Among these syntypes, PORTER (1986) chose Darwin 279 from K [K000865902] (Fig. 4A) as the lectotype of C. jacobaea with a duplicate CGE [CGE03087] but Darwin 279 is in serious conflict with the protologue. WEBB (1848) described the species as having a campanulate corolla, three times longer than the calyx-lobes, illustrating the throat as slightly constricted and the roof of the ovary as flat (WEBB, 1848: tab. 762). However, the flower of Darwin 279 has a tubular corolla that is barely longer than twice the length of the calyx-lobes, and the roof of the ovary appears to be conical. LEYENS & LOBIN (1995) correctly identified Darwin 279 as C. bravensis. They chose Forbes s.n. [K001134390] (Fig. 5A), identified here as C. feijoana, as lectotype by adding a printed label indicating ��� Campanula jacobaea Webb ��� Lectotype ��� det. T. Leyens & W. Lobin 11.1994���. This lectotypification has never been effectively published. We propose that the lectotype designated by PORTER (1986: 85) is rejected according to Art. 9.19(c) of the ICN (TURLAND et al., 2018) and superseded by Forbes s.n. in G [G00426961]. We designated here this collection as a new lectotype for C. jacobaea because it represents unambiguous original material of C. jacobaea and this collection has served for Webb���s illustrations (WEBB, 1848: tab. 762). Selected material seen. ��� CABO VERDE. Santiago: Alto da Serra da Malagueta, 1000 m, 8.II.1986, Cardoso de Matos & Matos 6023 (LISC); Drago [Dragoeira], III.1998, Santos s.n. (ORT); Jo��o Teves, 550 m, 17.XII.1981, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -1129 (O); Monte Afonso, 630 m, 11.VIII.2016, Gard��re 1301 (P), 1303 (P); Monte Chota, c. 1000 m, 16.XII.1995, Leyens CV -95-529 (FR); Monte Rib��o de Cana, 650 m, 22.VII.2013, Gard��re 110 (LISC); Monte Tagarrinho, 850 m, 11.VIII.2016, Gard��re 1308 (P); Org��os Grandes, 200 m, IV��� V.1898, Fea s.n. (GDOR); ibid. loco, c. 250 m, IV��� V.1898, Fea s.n. (GDOR); Os Org��os, 31. I.1866, Lowe s.n. (BM); path from Ch�� da Figueira to Coruja, c. 700 m, 18.XII.1993, Kilian 2779 & Leyens (B); Ribeira da Aguada, 25. I.1983, Grandvaux Barbosa et al. 14320 (CECV, LISC); Ribeira Cantada, 580 m, 26.XI.2014, Gard��re 934 (P); Ribeira Gon Gon, 710 m, 11.VIII.2016, Gard��re 1345 (P); ibid. loco, 700 m, 11.VIII.2016, Gard��re 1347 (CECV, LISC, P); ibid. loco, 700 m, 27.XII.2017, Gard��re 1619 (P); Ribeira da Janela, 770 m, 17. I.1980, Borgen 3390 (O); Ribeira Longueira, 800 m, 25.XI.2014, Gard��re 928 (P); Ribeira X��x��, 610 m, 27.XII.2017, Gard��re 1620 (P); Rui Vaz, 15.VII.1934, Chevalier 44593 (COI, K, P); ibid. loco, 750 m, 27.XI.2014, Gard��re 936 (P); ibid. loco, 750 m, 17.VII.2016, Gard��re 1220 (CECV, LISC, P); ibid. loco, 700 m, 24.III.1968, de Naurois s.n. (LISC); S��o Jorge, Ribeira Matom [Mato Moniz], 400 m, 2.IV.1984, Veiga 19 (LISC); Serra da Malagueta, 1040 m, 31.XII.2013, Aedo 21160 (MA); ibid. loco, 850 m, 22.XI.1987, Cardoso de Matos 6333 (LISC, MA); ibid. loco, c. 800 m, 11.X.1988, Diniz et al. 214 (LISC); ibid. loco, V.1989, Doutre 19 (ALF); ibid. loco, 800 m, 28.VIII.2013, Gard��re 284 (LISC), 285 (LISC); ibid. loco, 800 m, 25.VIII.2013, Gard��re 287 (P); ibid. loco, 800 m, 22.XII.2013, Gard��re 603 (LISC); ibid. loco, 750 m, 22.XII.2013, Gard��re 604 (P); ibid. loco, 800 m, 22.XII.2013, Gard��re 605 (CECV); ibid. loco, 840 m, 15.VII.2016, Gard��re 1211 (P); ibid. loco, 850 m, 27.X.2016, Gard��re 1428 (P); ibid. loco, 840 m, 30.X.2016, Gard��re 1435 (P); ibid. loco, 1310 m, 27.XII.2017, Gard��re 1618 (CECV, MARS, P); ibid. loco, 27.XII.1955, Grandvaux Barbosa 6087 (CECV, COI, LISC); ibid. loco, c. 800 m, 17.XII.1993, Kilian & Leyens 2751 (B, FR); ibid. loco, 1000 m, 26.X.1986, Mies 383 (FR); ibid. loco, c. 800 m, 5.II.1994, Leyens CV -94-079 (FR); ibid. loco, 1.X.1979, Lobin 759 (FR); ibid. loco, 920���950 m, 15. I.1980, Rustan 790 (O); ibid. loco, c. 900 m, 1.XII.1996, Schmidt CV /KS -1996-59 (FR), CV /KS -1996-60 (FR); ibid. loco, 800 m, 17.XI.1976, Sunding 3659 (O); Serra do Pico da Ant��nia, 800���1200 m, 16.IV.1898, Fea s.n. (GDOR); ibid. loco, 1135 m, 27.XII.2015, Gard��re 1198 (P); sine loco [Serra do Pico da Ant��nia], 11.IV.1816, Smith 39 (BM); entre a Trindade e o Curralinho, 720 m, 24.XI.1955, Grandvaux Barbosa 5676 (CECV, LISC); ���a most beautiful sp. [���] on a peak in the valley of St Domingo at 2000 ft ���, XI.1839, Hooker 125 (K p.p.: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea)., Published as part of Gard��re, Mathieu L., Florence, Jacques, Muller, Serge, Savriama, Yoland & Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, 2021, Codonographia Gorgonum, or the description of a pleiad of bellflowers (Campanula, Campanulaceae) from the Cabo Verde archipelago, pp. 13-40 in Candollea 76 (1) on pages 16-20, DOI: 10.15553/c2021v761a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5683807, {"references":["PORTER, D. M. (1986). Charles Darwin's plant specimens from the voyage of HMS Beagle. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 93: 1 - 172.","GOMES, S. (1994). Nomes vernaculos e vulgares de plantas de Cabo Verde. Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 12: 127 - 150.","MARTINS, E. S. (2002). Rubiaceae. In: MARTINS, E. S., J. PAIVA, M. A. DINIZ, I. GOMES & S. GOMES (ed.), Flora de Cabo Verde 86. INIDA, Praia & IICT, Lisboa.","WEBB, P. B. (1848). Campanula jacobaea. In: HOOKER, W. J. (ed.), Icon. Pl. 8: tab. 762.","WEBB, P. B. (1849). Spicilegia Gorgonea; or a catalogue of all the plants as yet discovered in the Cape Verde Islands. From the collections of J. D. Hooker, Esq. M. D. R. N., Dr. T. Vogel, and other travellers. In: HOOKER, W. J. (ed.), Niger Flora: 89 - 197. Hippolyte Bailliere, London.","OWEN, W. F. (1833). Narrative of voyages to explore the shores of Africa, Arabia and Madagascar. Richard Bentley, London.","VALA, F. (2009). Darwin em Cabo Verde. Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon.","TURLAND, N. J., J. H. WIERSEMA, F. R. BARRIE, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, W. - H. KUSBER, D. - Z. LI, K. MARHOLD, T. W. MAY, J. MCNEILL, A. M. MONRO, J. PRADO, M. J. PRICE & G. F. SMITH (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress, Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159."]}

3. Campanula feijoana Gard��re in Phytotaxa 197: 105. 2015 (Fig. 1, 3C, 5A, 7). Holotypus: CABO VERDE. Santo Ant��o: Ribeira da Vinha, rocher humide en station ombrophile, 17��08'1"N 25��04'12"W, 400 m, 13.XII.2013, Gard��re 460 (LISC [LISC118130, LISC118131]!; iso-: CECV!, K!, P [P00723702]!). = Campanula hortelensis Gard��re in Phytotaxa 197: 109. 2015, syn. nov. Holotypus: CABO VERDE. Santo Ant��o: Monte Hortel��o, rochers humides, au bord de la piste, 17��06'03"N 25��10'57"W, 1500 m, 14.XII.2013, Gard��re 467 (LISC [LISC118148]!; iso-: CECV!). Sub-frutex 20��� 80 cm tall, highly woody in lower part; floriferous stems branched, decumbent to pendulous arising from the base of one or several sterile basal rosettes, sometimes understated, glabrous to glabrescent in the woody basal parts with indument hispidulous toward the extremity, consisting of trichomes 0.15���0.4 mm long. Leaves: pseudorosette leaves or rosette leaves obovate to spatulate, sometimes falciform, (1.4���) 2���6(���9) �� (0.4���)0.9��� 2(���2.7) cm, base cuneiform to gradually attenuate concave sometimes asymmetric, apex acute to �� obtuse; cauline leaves narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic rarely elliptic, (0.7���)1.5 ��� 5(���7.5) �� (0.5 ���)0.8 ���1.8(��� 2.5) cm, base attenuate sometimes asymmetric, apex acute to �� obtuse; margin weakly revolute and sometimes obscurely ondulate, crenelate to serrulate, rarely entire; adaxial side pure green to dark green in vivo, weakly or densely covered with hispidulous to hispid indument, consisting of trichomes 0.2���0.6(���0.8) mm long, sometimes glabrescent; abaxial side greenish in vivo, venation whitish, hispidulous to hispid indument on primary and secondary veins consisting of trichomes (0.2���)0.3���0.6(���0.8) mm long and hispidulous indument on tertiary and ultimate veins consisting of trichomes 0.1���0.3 mm long, lamina glabrescent. Inflorescences in monochasial pauciflorous cyme or rarely in pluriflorous thyrse. Flowers erect, pedicel 0.9���4.5 cm long, with the same indument as the stem; axillate by one or two bracts subopposite, ovato-triangular or ovate to narrowly ovate, base semi-amplexicaul, apex acute, with the same indument as the leaves. Calyx: calyx-lobes narrowly triangular, 12���17 �� 3���9.5 mm, pressed up against the corolla to recurvate, margin weakly revolute; appendages ovate, reflexed, 1���3 mm long; lobe edges, appendages and median main vein covered with an indument hispidulous to hispid, consisting of trichomes 0.15���0.7 mm long. Corolla infundibuliform, purple-blue to pure white passing through all intermediate tones; base wide round; tube sub-cylindrical c. 20 mm long, constricted in the middle, 9���12 mm large in the larger basal part and 7���10 mm in the constricted part; throat flared, mouth 22���32 mm large; lobes spreading to recurvate, 6���10 �� 11���18 mm, apex apiculate; primary external veins micro-hispidulous to hispidous, 0.1���0.12 mm long. Stamens with glabrous filaments; anthers, 2���4 mm long. Ovary with glabrous to glabrescent roof, flat, topped by a yellowish-with nectary disk. Style thick, fleshy, (8���) 9���11 mm long, included in the corolla, stigma trifid and papillose. Etymology. ��� The species is dedicated to the Portuguese naturalist Jo��o da Silva Feij�� (GARD��RE, 2015) who undertook the first scientific expedition entirely dedicated to the study of the natural history of the Cabo Verde islands between 1783 and 1796 during the ���Philosophical Journeys��� (GARD��RE et al., 2019a) and who made the first collections of CVB between 1783 and 1789. Vernacular names and uses. ��� ���Guinchino��� (CARDOSO J��NIOR, 1905; CHEVALIER, 1935), ���Mataquim��� (in ��gua das Caldeiras, Hiemstra H236; CARDOSO J��NIOR, 1905), ���Contra-Bruxas��� and ���Dedal��� (CHEVALIER, 1935; BARBOSA, 1961; LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995; FIGUEIREDO, 1995); the colour adjectives ���branco��� (white) or ���azul��� (blue) are sometimes added to the name; ���Hortel��oda-Rocha��� in Moro��os areas (Gard��re 1560). However, in the archipelago according CHEVALIER (1935) ���Mataquim��� can also designate Corchorus trilocularis L. (Malvaceae) and on the island of Santo Ant��o, BARBOSA (1961) records this name for Antirrhinum orontium L. (Scrophulariaceae). Campanula feijoana was once used for its magical and medical properties. Healers [curandeiros] used the leaves and flowers to make a tea to treat flu (LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995) and used it as a fetish plant against curses: ���Contra-Bruxas��� meaning ���anti-witch���; the practice was to wash the body with the infused water and to put a few drops on the tongue. This tradition was still very much alive in the beginning of the last century in the Alto Mira region and in the Ribeira Corvo (Gard��re, unpubl. data). CARDOSO J��NIOR (1905) also mentioned, without going into detail, the use of this plant for medical purposes by the islanders. Distribution and habitat. ��� Campanula feijoana, endemic to Santo Ant��o, is a rupicolous species confined to steep, moist rocks. It is found from 150 m to 1700 m, in deep and shadowy valleys [ribeiras] (Fig. 7A), surrounding waterfalls, on seeping rock faces or near to springs [chupadeiros], or rarely on river banks; and up to the highest mountainous areas, on rock faces (Fig. 7F) regularly submitted to dense fog. Campanula feijoana grows with ferns, notably Adiantum capillus-veneris (Pteridaceae) and Pteris vittata (Pteridaceae) and with other species that are characteristic components of these rupicolous environments, like Kickxia elegans (G. Forst.) D.A. Sutton (Scrophulariaceae) and Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC. (Asteraceae). Notes. ��� The bellflowers from Santo Ant��o have long been identified as C. jacobaea (COUTINHO, 1914; CHEVALIER, 1935; SUNDING, 1973, 1982; ERIKSSON et al., 1974, 1979; NOGUEIRA, 1976; HANSEN & SUNDING, 1985, 1993; RUSTAN & BROCHMANN, 1993; LEYENS & LOBIN, 1995; FIGUEIREDO, 1995; S��NCHEZ-PINTO et al., 2005), moreover material from this island (Forbes s.n. [K001134390]) was chosen by WEBB (1848: tab. 762) to be part of the syntypes of this species (see under C. jacobaea). In his infraspecific division of C. jacobaea, BOLLE (1861) considered the bellflowers from Santo Ant��o and those from the upper humid areas of S��o Nicolau (see under C. fransinea), under the type variety ��� genuina ���. Then, CARDOSO J��NIOR (1902) designated the white-flowered bellflowers from Santo Ant��o under the variety ��� albiflora ���. Without description this variety remains a nomen nudum. More recently, the bellflowers from Santo Ant��o were described as two new species (GARD��RE, 2015): (1) C. feijoana (Fig. 7A���E) was described with pauciflorous inflorescences, calyx-lobes spread-out to obliquely erect prolonged by reflexed appendages and pseudorosette leaves spatulate with papery lamina, whereas (2) C. hortelensis (Fig. 7F, G) was described with pluriflorous inflorescences, calyx-lobes appressed against the corolla tube and prolonged by curved appendages and rosette-leaves elliptical to obovate often falciform with subleathery lamina. But the recent discovery of new localities with intermediate forms between C. feijoana and C. hortelensis (e.g. Gard��re 1555) obscures the clean morphological and geographical separation of the two species. Campanula feijoana was found mainly in shadowy valleys and C. hortelensis in mountainous areas, hence they seem to represent altitudinal ecotypes belonging to a single and unique species. Given that C. feijoana is more widespread and representative of bellflowers with infundibuliform constricted corollas on the island, we conserve the name C. feijoana and treat C. hortelensis as a synonym of C. feijoana. In this way, the range of C. feijoana now covers almost the entire island of Santo Ant��o, except for the mountains of the far eastern part (Bordia Perdia) where bellflowers with flared infundibuliform corollas are found (see under C. vicinituba). Selected material seen. ��� CABO VERDE. Santo Ant��o: ��gua das Caldeiras, 1250 m, 8. I.1987, Hiemstra H236 (WAG); ��gua dos Velhos, 800 m, X.1986, Hiemstra H669 (FR); Bordeira Norte, 1550 m, 16.XII.2013, Gard��re 521 (LISC); Ch�� da Lagoa, VIII ���IX.1893, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (LISU); between Ch�� de Morte and Tope de Coroa, 1310 m, 14. I.1982, Brochmann & Rustan CB -311/82 (O); ibid. loco, 1430 m, 22. I.1982, Brochmann & Rustan CB -409/82 (O); along the path from Ch�� de Morte to Tope de Coroa, 1430 m, 22. I.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -1715; Cima Monte Joana, 950 m, 25.X.1972, Sunding 2714 (O); Cova, 1180 m, 4. I.1982, Brochmann & Rustan CB -056/82 (O); ibid. loco, 23���28.IX.1934, Chevalier 45512 (P); ibid. loco, 1250 m, 28.XI.2017, Gard��re 1551 (P); ibid. loco, c. 1200 m, 12.XII.1985, Kilian 857 (FR); entre Cova y Lagoa, 1100 m, 18. V.1987, Gonz��lez - Coviella Ulrich 4060 (CECV, TFC); Cov��o, 16���22.IX.1934, Chevalier 45422 (P); ibid. loco, 800 m, 15.XI.2014, Gard��re 797 (P); Delgadinho de Corda, 750���800 m, 15.XII.2013, Gard��re 508 (LISC, P); Espanada, 1340 m, 7.XI.2014, Gard��re 727 (P); Gudo de Cavaleiro, 1750 m, 7.XI.2014, Gard��re 716 (P); Gudo da Fonte, 950 m, 29.XI.2017, Gard��re 1555 (CECV, LISC, P); Lombo do Mar, 630 m, 5. I.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -1341 (O); entre Lombo Pelado e Curral da Ru��a, 17.III.1956, Grandvaux Barbosa 6924 (CECV, LISC); Monte Hortel��o, 1500 m, 8.XI.2014, Gard��re 731 (P); ibid. loco, 1500 m, 29.XI.2017, Gard��re 1560 (CECV, LISC, P); Monte Manuel Joelhos, 400 m, 13.XI.2014, Gard��re 760 (P); Monte Pingo, 1550 m, 29.XI.2017, Gard��re 1562 (CECV, K, LISC, LPA, MARS, P); Moro��os, 1460 m, 2.II.1995, Leyens CV -95-262 (FR); Pinh��o, 500 m, 16.XI.2014, Gard��re 800 (P); Poio, 2.III.1956, Grandvaux Barbosa 6796 (CECV, LISC); Ribeira da ��gua Amarogosa, c. 1250 m, 8.II.1995, Leyens CV -95-350 (FR); Ribeira de Cabouco Chiqueiro, 1500 m, 9.XI.2014, Gard��re 740 (P); Ribeira do Cativo, 28.III.1956, Grandvaux Barbosa 7008 (CECV); Ribeira das Chapas, 970 m, 8.XI.2014, Gard��re 734 (CECV, LISC, P); Ribeira do C��rio, 1500 m, 16.XII.2013, Gard��re 526 (LISC); Ribeira do Corvo, 340 m, 18.XI.2017, Gard��re 1513 (CECV, P); Ribeira da Cruz, 1000 m, 6.II.1995, Leyens CV -95-317 (FR); Ribeira Fria, 675 m, 11.XI.2014, Gard��re 752 (P); ibid. loco, 580 m, 6.II.1995, Leyens CV -95-314 (FR); Ribeira da Gar��a, 900 m, 23.XI.2017, Gard��re 1531 (CECV, P); ibid. loco, 4.IV.1956, Grandvaux Barbosa 7109 (CECV, LISC); ibid. loco, 9.II.1995, Leyens CV -95-362 (FR); ibid. loco, 15. I.1866, Lowe s.n. (BM); Ribeira da Igreja, 22.XI.1979, Lobin 1654 (FR); Ribeira de Janela, 520 m, 27.XI.2017, Gard��re 1544 (CECV, LISC, P); ibid. loco, c. 1050 m, 10.II.1995, Leyens CV -95-375 (FR); Ribeira Jo��o Afonso, III.1887, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (COI); Ribeira dos ��rg��os, 350 m, 2.XI.2014, Gard��re 660 (P); Ribeira das Patas, c. 1550 m, 8.II.1995, Leyens CV -95-346 (FR); Ribeira de Pa��l, XII.1852, Bolle s.n. (FI-W); ibid. loco, Ch�� Jo��o Vaz, 400 m, 15.XI.2014, Gard��re 794 (P); ibid. loco, 300���400 m, 29.XII.1993, Kilian & Leyens 2989 (B, FR); ibid. loco, Descida de Ribeiraozinho, 675���750 m, 12.VII.2004, Marrero & Almeida s.n. (LPA); ibid. loco, Descida de Santa Isabel, 750���775 m, 12.VII.2004, Marrero & Almeida s.n. (LPA); ibid. loco, 21.XI.1979, Lobin 1607 (CECV, FR); ibid. loco, 6.III.1866, Lowe s.n. (BM); ibid. loco, 820 m, 20. I.1980, Rustan 848 (O); ibid.loco, 400 m, 9. I.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -1386 (O); ibid. loco, 380 m, 24.X.1972, Sunding 2634 (O); Ribeira das Pedras, 200 m, 6.XI.1976, Sunding 3434 (O); montanhas de Pa��l, IX.1892, Cardoso J��nior 55 (COI, Z); Ribeira das Pombas, 250 m, 18.XI.2017, Gard��re 1518 (CECV, LISC, P), 1519 (MARS); Ribeira da Ponta do Sol, 150 m, 19.XI.2015, Gard��re 942 (P); Ponta do Sol, III���IV.1893, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (LISC); ibid. loco, III���IV.1893, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (LISU); between Vila Ribeira Grande and Ponta do Sol, 220 m, 3. I.1982, Rustan & Brochmann ��HR -1273 (O); Ribeira do S��o Jorge, XI.1893, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (LISU); Ribeira da Torre, 350 m, 20.XI.2015, Gard��re 959 (CECV, P); ibid. loco, 180 m, 11.XII.1985, Kilian 808 (B, FR); ibid. loco, 24.XII.1978, Lewejohann CV -78-180 (GOET); ibid. loco, III.1864, Lowe s.n. (FI-W); ibid. loco, 4.III.1864, Lowe s.n. (K); ibid. loco, X��x��, 400 m, 14.X.1990, Martins & Gomes 320 (LISC); ibid. loco, 15.IX.1986, Mies 50 (FR); ibid. loco, 1460 m, 13.II.1994, Leyens CV -94-124 (B, FR); Ribeira da Vinha, 400 m, 9.VIII.2013, Gard��re & da Costa e Silva 196 (P); ibid. loco, 400 m, 21.XI.2017, Gard��re 1522 (P); Ribeir��ozinho de Cima, 28.III.1956, Grandvaux Barbosa 7014 (CECV, LISC); Selada da Alto Mira, 1127 m, 1.XII.2015, Aedo 23393 (MA); Tope de Coroa, 1700 m, 9.XI.2014, Gard��re 742 (P); sine loco, s.d., Cardoso J��nior I (L); sine loco, s.d., Cardoso J��nior II 83 (L); sine loco, s.d., Cardoso J��nior II 122 (L); sine loco, s.d., Cardoso J��nior II 148 (L); sine loco, V.1887, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (COI); sine loco, I.1893, Cardoso J��nior s.n. (Z); sine loco, s.d. [IV.1822], Forbes s.n. [4] (K p.p.: remaining syntype for C. jacobaea); sine loco, s.d., McWilliam s.n. (K); sine loco, s.d., Miss��o T��cnica de Arboriza����o s.n. (LISC); sine loco, ��� in rupestribus ins. S. Antonii ���, III.1851, Schmidt s.n., (HBG p.p.)., Published as part of Gard��re, Mathieu L., Florence, Jacques, Muller, Serge, Savriama, Yoland & Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, 2021, Codonographia Gorgonum, or the description of a pleiad of bellflowers (Campanula, Campanulaceae) from the Cabo Verde archipelago, pp. 13-40 in Candollea 76 (1) on pages 26-28, DOI: 10.15553/c2021v761a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5683807, {"references":["GARDERE, M. L., M. C. DUARTE, P. L. R. MORAES, S. MULLER & M. M. ROMEIRAS (2019 a). The scientific expedition of Joao da Silva Feijo to the Cabo Verde Islands (1783 - 1796) and the tribulations of his herbarium. Adansonia ser. 3, 41: 101 - 175.","FIGUEIREDO, E. (1995). Campanulaceae. In: PAIVA, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Cabo Verde 86. INIDA, Praia & IICT, Lisboa. GARDERE, M. L. (2015). Two new species of Campanula (Campanu- laceae) from the island of Santo Antao, Cabo Verde archipelago. Phytotaxa 197: 104 - 114.","SUNDING, P. (1973). Check-list of the vascular plants of the Cape Verde Islands. Botanical Garden, University of Oslo, Oslo.","SUNDING, P. (1982). Additions to the flora of Cape Verde Islands - III. Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 5: 125 - 138.","ERIKSSON, O., A. HANSEN & P. SUNDING (1974). Flora of Macaronesia. Department of Biology, University of Umea, Umea.","ERIKSSON, O., A. HANSEN, & P. SUNDING (1979). Flora of Macaronesia. 2. rev. ed. Part 1. Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo.","NOGUEIRA, I. (1976). Plantas colhidas pelo Eng. ° L. A. Grandvaux Barbosa no arquipelago de Cabo Verde - III. Spermatophyta (Rubiaceae-Gentianaceae). Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 3: 19 - 32.","SANCHEZ-PINTO, L., M. L. RODRIGUEZ, S. RODRIGUEZ, K. MARTIN, A. CABRERA & M. CARMEN MARRERO (2005). Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta. In: ARECHAVALETA, M. et al. (ed.), Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres): 38 - 57. Consejeria de Medio Ambiente e Ordenacion Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias.","WEBB, P. B. (1848). Campanula jacobaea. In: HOOKER, W. J. (ed.), Icon. Pl. 8: tab. 762."]}

Campanula jacobaea var. hispida Bolle in Bonplandia 9: 51. 1861. Typus: CABO VERDE. Santiago: ���loco natali specialiore ignoto���, s.d., Bocand�� s.n. (not found). Notes. ��� We transcribe here the note of BOLLE (1861: 51) on the variety hispida: ��� Hab. in insula Santiago, loco natali specialiore ignoto. Inter reliquias B. Bocand�� inventam e pessimis exemplis imperfecte tantum novimus. Fieri potest, hanc propriam esse speciem; eximia setositate florumque exiguitate habitu saltem a stirpe Webbiana, quae probabiliter et Smithiana, magnopere recedit; tamen ab hac eam separare non ausi sumus ���; and we give here-after this loose translation: ���Grows on the island of Santiago, the exact locality is unknown. We only know it [var. hispida] imperfectly from poor specimens of B. Bocand��. It may be a particular species. By the extreme hairiness of the flower and the weakness of the habit, it differentiates itself strongly from that of Webb and is probably that of Smith; however, we dare not separate it from that [C. jacobaea]���. BOLLE (1861) described the var. hispida for the island of Santiago based on the Bocand�����s collection, currently untraceable. The specimens from B used by Bolle for the description of his varieties were destroyed in the fire of Berlin in 1943 (HIEPKO, 1987) and probably alongside those of Bocand��. LEYENS & LOBIN (1995) treated the variety as a synonym of C. jacobaea but the same authors saw and identified a specimen of Bocand�� conserved at ���D��� as C. bravensis. However, ���D��� does not correspond any indexed herbarium (THIERS, 2019) and it is probably a typing error (W. Lobin, pers. comm.). The only known European Herbaria to hold Bocand�����s collections are B, FI-W and S (M. L. Gard��re, unpubl. data) but S is temporarily closed for renovation. We were unable to check this specimen and to confirm or not the identification of LEYENS & LOBIN (1995). The description of Bolle is insufficient to place the variety hipida among the CVB species. Given that Santiago harbors both C. jacobaea and C. bravensis, we prefer a precautionary approach and rather consider it to be a nomen dubium., Published as part of Gard��re, Mathieu L., Florence, Jacques, Muller, Serge, Savriama, Yoland & Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, 2021, Codonographia Gorgonum, or the description of a pleiad of bellflowers (Campanula, Campanulaceae) from the Cabo Verde archipelago, pp. 13-40 in Candollea 76 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.15553/c2021v761a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5683807, {"references":["HIEPKO, P. (1987). The collections of the Botanical Museum Berlin- Dahlem (B) and their history. Englera 7: 219 - 252.","THIERS, B. (2019). Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. [http: // sweetgum. nybg. org / science / ih]"]}

Psychotrianiauensis Butaud & J.Florence, sp. nov. (Figs 3; 4) P. leiophyllae Merr. & L.M.Perry affinis, sedsemper munitispedunculo longiori quam 3,5 cm inflorescentiis (vs sessilia atquee base ramosa vel pedunculominusquam 3 cm inflorescentia), ovoideisminus quam 3 mm crassis pyrenis (vs subellipsoideas vel subglobosas ultra 3,5 mm crassas pyrenas), minus quam 1 cm longo petiolo (vs 1-5 cm), praecipue differt. TYPUS. ��� Polyn��sie fran��aise, Archipeldes Tuamotu. Atollde Niau, Ouest de l���a��roport, cot�� lagon en arri��re des zones d���extraction, 8 m, 16��09���S, 146��24���W, 17.X.2006, fl. & fr., J.- F. Butaud 1519 (holo-, P!; iso-, PAP [PAP015889!]) (Fig. 5). PARATYPI. ��� Polyn��sie fran��aise, Archipeldes Tuamotu. Atoll de Niau, Tupana, derri��re le cimeti��re, 8 m, 16��08���S, 146��20���W, 13.X.2006, fr., J.- F. Butaud 1498 (PAP [PAP015764!]); Tupana, derri��re le cimeti��re, 8 m, 16��08���S, 146��20���W, 13.X.2006, fl., J.- F. Butaud 1499 (PAP [PAP015763!]); Tupana, enarri��reducimeti��re, 8 m, 16��08���S, 146��20���W, 24.X.2006, fl., fr., J.- F. Butaud 1540 (PAP [PAP015890, PAP015891]!; P!). PH��NOLOGIE. ��� En fleurs et enfruits en f��vrier, mars, juin, octobre et novembre, d���apr��s les ��chantillons d���herbier et les observations de diff��rents botanistes. ��TYMOLOGIE. ��� Le nom d���esp��ce se r��f��re �� l���atoll de Niau duquel la plante est end��mique. NOM LOCAL ET USAGES. ��� Aucun nom polyn��sien ni aucun usage n���ont ��t�� relev��s pour cette esp��ce �� Niau. DESCRIPTION Arbuste atteignant 1,5 �� 2 m de hauteur et 5 cm de diam��tre �� la base, enti��rement glabre, au port parfois retombant, aux rameaux longtemps chlorophylliens de 2 �� 3 mm de diam��tre, souvent aplatis, puis �� ��corce brun��tre et lisse. Rameaux, face inf��rieure desfeuilles et ramilles de l���inflorescenceparsem��s de faisceaux de raphides, de 0,2-0,7 mm de longueur. Feuilles Oppos��es-d��cuss��es, limbede 7,5-15 �� 2,5-5,5 cm (1,8 Inflorescences Terminales, cymeuses, non calyptr��es, de (5-)6,7-15,5 �� (2,2-) 4,5-10 cm, avec 50 �� 65 fleurs, p��doncule unique de 3,5-10 cm, se divisant en 4 �� 5 cymesdichasiales ou verticill��es, parfoiscontract��es jusqu����� devenir subcapit��es, ramifi��es 3 �� 4 fois, les ramifications ultimes portant 3 (ou 4) fleurs; paires de bract��es s��teuses, 0,8 �� 0,3 mm, au sommet du p��doncule et des divisons successives. Fleurs Hermaphrodites, p��dicellede 1-1,5 mm. Hypantheobconique de 1-1,2 mm de longueur. Calice verd��tre, tube de 0,8-1 mm de longueur, (4) 5 (6) lobes dress��s largement triangulaires de 0,5 mm de longueur. Corolle blanche, de 3 mm de hauteur et 7 mm de diam��tre, hypocrat��riforme, tube barbu sur la face interne, 2-2,5 mm de longueur et (4) 5 (6) lobes ��troitement ovales, 2,5-3 �� 1,5-2 mm, r��volut��s; ��taminesblanches��jaun��tres, exsertes, (4) 5 (6) anth��res longues de 1,3 mm. Style long de 3,5 mm et stigmate divis�� en deux lobes papilleux ovo��des; h��t��rostylie non observ��e. Fruit Drupac��, tronconique �� l�����tat immature �� cylindrique �� maturit��, de 7 �� 6-7 mm, rose �� violet noir��tre �� maturit��, couronn�� par les dents du calice verd��tres, comportant deuxpyr��nes; p��dicellede 2 mm; pyr��nes ovo��des, h��misph��riques en coupe, 4,5-5 �� 2,5-3 �� 2 mm, �� face ventrale plane, travers��e longitudinalement par un sillon bisulqu�� central, largede 0,5 mm, et��face dorsalearrondieetlisse; absence de fente de germination pr��form��e, mais pr��sence d���unporeapical. Psychotrialeiophylla Merr. & L.M.Perry & Caract��re Eumachia DC. P. niauensis Butaud & J.Florence sp. nov. Type biologiqueArbuste ou petit arbre ArbusteRaphidesPr��sence Pr��senceCouleur des parties v��g��tativesVert jaun��tre p��le �� l�����tat sec Vert jaun��tre p��le �� l�����tat secTexture des rameauxLisses et non li��geux Lisses et non li��geuxForme des jeunes rameaux et entrenoeudsSouvent aplatis Souvent aplatisPosition et forme des stipules Interp��tiolaires, enti��res, g��n��ralement unies Interp��tiolaires, parfois bifides, non calyptr��es �� la base ou calyptr��es sur une grande partie de leur longueurpartie de leur longueurPersistance des stipules Semi-d��cidues, devenant indur��es et Semi-d��cidues, leurs extr��mit��s se leurs extr��mit��s se d��sagr��geant d��sagr��geant progressivement progressivementleurs extr��mit��s se d��sagr��geant d��sagr��geant progressivement progressivementInflorescencesCymeuses aux ramilles vertes �� blanchies Cymes compos��es aux ramilles vertesForme du calice et de la corolle Actinomorphe, corolle infundibuliforme �� Actinomorphe, corolle hypocrat��riforme hypocrat��riforme Couleur de la corolleBlanc, cr��me, vert-jaune BlancPr��floraisonValvaire ValvairePilosit�� de la gorge de la corolleBarbue BarbueStyleH��t��rostyle HomostylePolym��rie4 ou 5-m��re 5-m��reOvaire Biloculaire aux ovules solitaires et basaux Biloculaire aux ovules solitaires et basaux dans chaque loge dans chaque logeType et forme de fruitDrupac��, ellipso��de �� subglobuleux Drupac��, tronconiqueCouleur du fruitOrange �� rouge Rose, pourpre �� violetForme des pyr��nesH��misph��rique en coupe H��misph��rique en coupeFace dorsale du pyr��neLisse �� c��tel��e LisseFace ventrale du pyr��nePlane��concaveetsanssillonlongitudinal Planeavecsillonlongitudinalbisulqu��Fente de germination pr��form��e Pr��sencede 2 fentesenpositionmarginale Aucunefentemaispr��senced���unporeapical sur la base de la face ventrale Albumen Non rumin��, souvent avec une petite Non rumin��, sans invagination au centre de la invagination au centre de la face ventrale face ventrale Pr��sence dans le t��gument d���un pigment NonOuirouge soluble �� l�����thanol Graine ��albumen non rumin��, dot�� d���un pigment t��gumentaire rouge soluble �� l�����thanol. AFFINIT��S Les affinit��s de P. niauensis sp. nov. sont clairement �� rechercher avec P. leiophylla des ��les Salomon et de la Polyn��sie occidentale (Fidji, Samoa et Tonga), puisque seuls des caract��res relativement mineurs, mais notables et r��currents permettent de l���en distinguer (voir la diagnose) et d���autres l���en rapprochent (dont les fruits de couleur rose, violet ou pourpre, le pore apical du pyr��ne lisse, le pigment t��gumentaire soluble �� l�����thanol). Plus pr��cis��ment, P. niauensis sp. nov. se distingue de Psychotria leiophylla par ses inflorescences toujours p��doncul��es avec un p��doncule de plus de 3,5 cm, tandis qu���elles sont ramifi��es d��s la base ou p��doncul��es sur moins de 3 cm chez P. leiophylla. Les pyr��nes de cette derni��re sont subellipso��daux �� subglobuleux et mesurent plus de 3,5 mm de largeur, tandis que ceux de P. niauensis sp. nov. sont ovo��des et mesurent moins de 3 mm de largeur. Enfin, le p��tiole de P. leiophylla atteint 1-5 cm, tandis que celui de P. niauensis sp. nov. est inf��rieur �� 1 cm. Ces deux esp��ces appartiennent tr��s probablement au sous-clade PNG du clade IV de Barrab�� (2013) et Barrab�� et al. (2014) pr��sent en Nouvelle-Guin��e, Micron��sie, M��lan��sie et Polyn��sie occidentale, jusqu���alors absent de la Polyn��sie orientale. Psychotrianiauensis sp. nov. r��sulte ainsi d���un ��v��nement de dispersion distinct de ceux de tous les autres Psychotria de la r��gion, qui appartiennent apparemment uniquement au clade Pacifique. Le seul Eumachia de Polyn��sie orientale, E. lepiniana end��mique de l�����le de Tahiti, ainsi qu���un taxon proche non d��crit propre �� l�����le de Raiatea, font partie, quant �� eux, du sous-clade carnea de Barrab�� et al. (2012). Les affinit��s avec P. leiophylla sont ��galement ��cologiques, puisque ces deux esp��ces se cantonnent le plus souvent aux stations littorales, souvent sur calcaire soulev��, aux Salomon, Fidji, Tonga et Tuamotu avec, n��anmoins, des stations de P. leiophylla plus �� l���int��rieur des terres aux Samoa, entre 400 et 850 md���altitude (Smith & Darwin 1988; Whistler 2011). Whistler (2011) met en doute la pr��sence de cette derni��re aux Samoa, notamment en raison de la couleur rouge des fruits m��rs de ce taxon, rappelant donc plut��t ceux d��� Eumachia forsteriana, tandis que ceux de Tonga sont pourpres. Des ��tudes semblent encore n��cessaires afin de clarifier la situation aux Samoa, mais l���examen des images de certains sp��cimens d���herbier (notamment Whistler 899 [BISH417668] collect���� Savai���i) nousfait penchersurune pr��sence effective de P. leiophylla aux Samoa. R��PARTITION, HABITAT & ��COLOGIE Psychotria niauensis sp. nov. n���est connue en Polyn��sie fran��aise que de l���atoll soulev�� de Niau (6 m d���altitude maximale) et constitue le seul repr��sentant de son genre dans tout l���archipel des Tuamotu. Sur l���atoll de Niau, Psychotria niauensis sp. nov. a ��t�� identifi��e apr��s des prospections intensives dans des sites qu���ilestpossiblederegrouperentroissous-populations: �� l���ouest du village de Tupana dans le nord-est, �� Vaiava dans l���est et �� Tapae �� l���ouest (Fig. 6). Un total de 78 pieds a ��t�� d��compt�� lors de ces prospections, dont la moiti�� dans la localit�� de Tupana. Il s���agit d���un arbuste de sous-bois des for��ts peu perturb��es sur corail soulev�� domin��es par les arbres indig��nes Glochidion tuamotuense J.Florence (Phyllanthaceae), Guettarda speciosa L. (Rubiaceae), Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Du Roi (Pandanaceae), Pisonia grandis R.Br. (Nyctaginaceae), Planchonella tahitensis (Nadeaud) Pierre ex Dubard (Sapotaceae), Xylosma suaveolens (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) G.Forst. (Salicaceae), les arbustes indig��nes Allophylus rhomboidalis (Nadeaud) Radlk. (Sapindaceae), Cyclophyllum barbatum (G.Forst.) N.Hall�� & J.Florence (Rubiaceae), Ixora sp. (Rubiaceae), �� Meryta sp. nov.�� (Araliaceae), Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), Myrsine niauensis Fosberg & Sachet (Primulaceae), Tarenna sambucina (G.Forst.) T.Durand ex Drake (Rubiaceae), Premna serratifolia L. (Lamiaceae), l���herbac��e indig��ne Peperomia pallida (G.Forst.) A.Diet. (Piperaceae), les lianes indig��nes Capparis spinosa subsp. cordifolia (Lam.) Fici (Capparidaceae), Gynochthodes myrtifolia (A.Gray) Razafim. & B.Bremer (Rubiaceae), lesfoug��res indig��nes Asplenium nidus L. & Asplenium polyodon G.Forst. (Aspleniaceae), Microsorum grossum (Langsd. & Fisch.) S.B.Andrews (Polypodiaceae) et le palmier introduit Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae). Avec ses fruits charnus violets �� pourpres �� maturit��, cet arbuste est tr��s probablement diss��min�� par des oiseauxfrugivores, au premier rang desquels figure le Ptilope des Tuamotu (Ptilinopus coralensis Peale, 1848), end��mique de l���archipel et abondant dans les for��ts naturelles de l�����le. La pollinisation est tr��s probablement assur��e par des insectes, mais aucune observation probante n���a ��t�� r��alis��e. Seule la fourmi d���introduction moderne Monomorium floricola (Jerdon, 1851) a ��t�� observ��e sur les fleurs de P. niauensis sp. nov. en train de prospecter pour du nectar, mais sa tr��s petite taille exclut tout r��le de diss��mination du pollen. STATUT DE CONSERVATION P. niauensis sp. nov. n���est connue que de l���atoll de Niau dont la superficie atteint 21,5 km ��. Elle est pr��sente sous la forme de 3 sous-populations distantes les unes des autres de moins de 5 km (Fig. 6) et au sein desquelles pr��s de 80 pieds ont ��t��d��nombr��s; cenombre estprobablementsous-estim��en raison de sa discr��tion �� l�����tat st��rile. Elle est essentiellement menac��e par la d��gradation de sonhabitat li��e�� l���urbanisation (la sous-population principale situ��e �� proximit�� du village de Tupana ��tant incluse dans la zone urbaine ��� UB du Plan G��n��ral d���Am��nagement [PGA] de la Commune de Fakarava dont fait partie l���atoll de Niau), aux incendies cons��cutifs �� la culture du coprah et d��bordant sur les for��ts naturelles et �� l���extension de plantes envahissantes, en particulier l���arbre Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) d��j�� pr��sent sous la forme de pieds-m��res isol��s et de plantules �� proximit�� de ses stations, et faisant officiellement partie des esp��ces mena��ant la biodiversit�� en Polyn��sie fran��aise (arr��t�� 466 CM du 22 mars 2018). La diversit�� des menaces pesant sur lesdiff��rentes sous-populationsconduit �� retenir deux localit��s, la premi��re de Tupana ��tant tr��s menac��e par l���urbanisation, car non prise en compte par le PGA, tandis que la seconde regroupant les deux autres sous-populations est int��gr��e �� la zone de site prot��g�� de la zone tampon ��� NDzt du PGA. L���aire d���occupation de l���esp��ce, en se fondant sur des carr��s d���un kilom��tre de c��t��, atteint 6 km ��, tandis que son aire d���occurrence est inf��rieure �� 50 km ��. Cette aire de r��partition n���est pas consid��r��e comme s��v��rement fragment��e, en raison de la proximit�� des trois sous-populations ou des deux localit��set de la pr��sence d���un oiseau frugivore diss��minateur des semences. En raison des incendies r��currents, de l���agrandissement progressif du village de Tupana et du d��veloppement de l���envahissant Syzygium cumini, un d��clin continu a ��t�� estim�� pour l�����tendue et la qualit�� de son habitat. Ainsi, en utilisant le crit��re Bde la liste rouge de l���UICN (IUCN 2019), P.niauensis sp. nov. peut ��tre ��valu��e comme en danger d���extinction EN B1, B2ab(iii). En utilisant le crit��re Det avec 80 individus recens��s (dont des juv��niles) et moins de 250 individus matures estim��s, P. niauensis sp. nov. peut ��galement ��tre ��valu��e comme en danger d���extinction EN D., Published as part of Florence, Jacques & Butaud, Jean-Fran��ois, 2020, Psychotria niauensis sp. nov. (Rubiaceae), esp��ce calcicole end��mique de la Polyn��sie fran��aise, d��crite de l'atoll soulev�� de Niau (Tuamotu), pp. 119-130 in Adansonia 42 (6) on pages 122-128, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2020v42a6, http://zenodo.org/record/3744689, {"references":["BARRABE L. 2013. - Systematique et Evolution du genre Psychotria (Rubiaceae) en Nouvelle-Caledonie. These de doctorat. Universite de Nouvelle Caledonie, Nouvelle-Caledonie, 367 p. https: // tel. archives-ouvertes. fr / tel- 00967108","BARRABE L., MAGGIA L., PILLON Y., RIGAULT F., MOULY A., DAVIS A. P. & BUERKI S. 2014. - New Caledonian lineages of Psychotria (Rubiaceae) reveal different evolutionary histories and the largest documented plant radiation for the archipelago. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71: 15 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.10.020","BARRABE L., BUERKI S., MOULY A., DAVIS A. P., MUNZINGER J. & MAGGIA L. 2012. - Delimitation of the genus Margaritopsis (Rubiaceae) in the Asian, Australasian and Pacific region, based on molecular phylogenetic inference and morphology. Taxon 61 (6): 1251 - 1268. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 616007","SMITH A. C. & DARWIN S. P. 1988. - Rubiaceae, in SMITH A. C. (ed.), Flora Vitiensis Nova 4. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawai'i: 143 - 376.","WHISTLER W. A. 2011. - The Rare Plants of Tonga. Report Prepared for the Tonga Trust Ltd. Funded by Conservation International and Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. Isle Botanica, Honolulu, 173 p.","IUCN 2019. - The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018 - 2. IUCN, Cambridge. http: // www. iucnredlist. org"]}

Lorence, David H., Florence, Jacques, Meyer, Jean-Yves (2017): Reassessment of the Psychotria speciosa G. Forst. (Rubiaceae) complex in Tahiti, Society Islands, with a new combination and description of new species, Psychotria paulae J.-Y. Meyer, Lorence & J. Florence, sp. nov. Adansonia 39 (1): 41-53, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a4

Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. M��moires du Mus��um d���Histoire naturelle 19: 250 (1830). ��� Swietenia senegalensis Desr., Encyclop��die m��thodique, Botanique 3: 678 (1791), �� Cette esp��ce a ��t�� d��couverte au S��n��gal par M. Roussillon qui en a communiqu�� un exemplaire �� M. de la Marck ��. TYPE. ��� D��sign�� ici: Roussillon 71, S��n��gal, 1790 [1789], fl. (lecto-, P-LA!; isolecto-, G [G00414655]!, P [P04695357]!) (Fig. 8). REMARQUE Dans l��� Encyclop��die de Lamarck, Desrousseaux cite une r��colte de Roussillon sous le num��ro 71 faite en 1790 et que nous avons retrouv��e dans P-LA. Dans l���herbier g��n��ral se trouve une part issue d���un compl��ment de l���herbier Jussieu, qui est clairement un double, portant le m��me num��ro, mais la date indiqu��e est 1789. Cette r��colte est �� rapprocher d���une collection de Roussillon sans num��ro, faite en 1789 et d��pos��e dans P-JU (P00680356). Cependant, il s���agit d���une r��colte diff��rente. Il est probable que ce conflit de dates soit li�� �� une erreur lors de la gestion de la collection, Adrien de Jussieu recopiant souvent les ��tiquettes originales (Aupic comm.pers.). Le lectotype retenu est alors dans l���herbier P-LA. Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. var. spectabilis A. Chev., Bulletin de la Soci��t�� botanique de France, M��moire 8: 147 (1912), Soudan fran��ais. ��� Gourma, village de Gargalenti pr��s Diapaga, 13.VIII.1910, Aug. Chevalier 24426 (type) (Fig. 8). ��� Type d��sign�� ici: Burkina Faso. N���Gourma, route de Diapaga �� Fada N���Gourma, Gargalenti, st., 12-18.VII.1910, A. Chevalier 24426 (lecto-, P[P00391541] (Fig. 9); isolecto-, P[P00391542, P00391543]). REMARQUE Chevalier n���ayant pas d��sign�� de type parmi les trois parts d��pos��es �� P, nous prenons comme lectotype celle qui est la plus feuill��e. ESP��CE MAL CONNUE Khaya kerstingii Engl., Die Vegetation der Erde 9 (3-1): 803 (1915). ��� Type: O. Kersting 562, Togo, Bez. Sokod��-Basari, I.1908 (holo-, B ���). REMARQUE Le type ayant ��t�� d��truit �� Berlin et aucun double n���ayant ��t�� retrouv�� dans d���autres herbiers, en l���absence de nouvelles r��coltes depuis sa description et surtout en raison d���une description insuffisante, nous ne pouvons placer �� coup s��r cette esp��ce, il pourrait s���agir de K. grandifoliola, pr��sente au Togo. ESP��CE �� EXCLURE DU GENRE KHAYA Khaya canaliculata De Wild. (1914), Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l�����tat �� Bruxelles 4: 377 (1914). ��� Type: R��publique d��mocratique du Congo, Ganda-Sundi 1913, J. de Briey 220 (holo-, BR). REMARQUE Ce nom est synonyme de Leplaea cedrata (A. Chev.) E.J.M. Koenen & J.J. de Wilde, voir Plant Ecology and Evolution 145 (2): 219 (2012)., Published as part of Dipelet, Ulrich Ga��l Bouka, Florence, Jacques, Doumenge, Charles, Loumeto, Jean Jo��l & McKEY, Doyle, 2017, Khayae (Meliaceae) specierum Nomenclator, pp. 15-30 in Adansonia 39 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4598996

Genre Khaya A. Juss. M��moires du Mus��um d���Histoire naturelle 19: 249 (1830). ��� Type: Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (1830: 250). Garretia Welw., Apontamentos Phytogeographicos: 587 (1859). ��� Type: Garretia anthotheca Welw. ��� Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C. DC., Published as part of Dipelet, Ulrich Ga��l Bouka, Florence, Jacques, Doumenge, Charles, Loumeto, Jean Jo��l & McKEY, Doyle, 2017, Khayae (Meliaceae) specierum Nomenclator, pp. 15-30 in Adansonia 39 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4598996

Khaya nyasica Stapf ex Baker f. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 40 (275): 42 (1911), Hab. Lower Umswirizwi River and Chirinda Forest, n��15. TYPE. ��� C.F .M. Swynnerton 15, Mozambique, Lower Umswirizwi, 1000 ft., 1.II.1905 (holo-, BM [BM000799822]!; iso-, K [K000432184, K000432185]!). REMARQUE Aucune des trois parts vues dans les deux herbiers ne porte de d��termination de la main de Stapf ou de Baker, ni d���indication sur le type. Cependant, dans la diagnose (p. 15), il est indiqu�� que la collection de Swynnerton, avec en particulier les types des esp��ces d��crites dans l���article, se trouve �� BM. En cons��quence, cette part est consid��r��e comme holotype., Published as part of Dipelet, Ulrich Ga��l Bouka, Florence, Jacques, Doumenge, Charles, Loumeto, Jean Jo��l & McKEY, Doyle, 2017, Khayae (Meliaceae) specierum Nomenclator, pp. 15-30 in Adansonia 39 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4598996

Khaya grandifoliola C. DC. (Fig. 1) Bulletin de la Soci��t�� Botanique de France, M��moire 2 (8): 10 (1907), ��Haut-Oubangui ��� pays des Mbrous, rive droite de la Tomi, sous-affluent de l���Oubangui, 21 oct. 1902, n��5769 [Aug. Chevalier]��. ��� Type d��sign�� ici: A . Chevalier 5769, R��publique centrafricaine, Territoire de l���Oubangui, bassin de la Haute Ombella, Pays des Mbrous], fr., 21.X.1902 (lecto-, P [P06674526]!; isolecto-, P [P00453239]!). REMARQUE L���herbier de Paris poss��de deux parts de cette esp��ce not��es par C. DC. comme �� Khaya grandifoliola C. DC. 1905 ��. Nous prenons comme lectotype la part constitu��e d���une feuille, la seconde porte une enveloppe avec deux fruits d��membr��s et sur laquelle on trouve la note d���A. Chevalier. Khaya grandis Stapf, Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Garden, Kew), Additional Series 9: 152 (1908), �� Jebu- Ode, Ife, Ilesha, Mamu, Western Province, S. Nigeria ��; Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1912 (2): 93 (1912); Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, ��Tropical Africa. Upper Guinea: Southern Nigeria; West Province, Tupelle, Thompson, 7; without precise locality, Unwin, 17 ��. ��� Type: A.H. Unwin 17, Southern Nigeria, s.d., fl. (holo-, K!; iso-, K, 2 parts!; P[P06139103]!). REMARQUE Seule une part de Unwin (sheet I) est not��e ��type �� par Stapf: il s���agit donc de l���holotype. PARATYPE. ��� Southern Nigeria. Western Prov, Tupelle, fl., Thompson 7 (K). Khaya punchii Stapf, Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Garden, Kew), Additional Series 9: 152 (1908), ���Punchii���, �� Ibadan Forest Reserve, Lagos; Benin ��; Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1912 (2): 93 (1912), ���Punchii���, ��Tropical Africa. Upper Guinea: Southern Nigeria; Ibadan Forest Reserve, Punch, 104; Benin, Unwin, 18, without precise locality, Foster, 89 ��. ��� Type: C. Punch 104, sans localit��, III.1901 (holo-, K!). REMARQUE Dans l���herbier de Kew, seule la part de Punch porte une note de Stapf sans date et au crayon: ��Type foliis utrinque 11-12 nerv.�� et une d��termination �� l���encre du 26.I.1912, �� Khaya Punchii�� sign��e de sa main, ainsi que des croquis au crayon d���une dissection florale, d��termination que l���on trouve sur les paratypes. PARATYPES. ��� S. Nigeria. s.d., fl., Foster 89 (K!, 3 parts); s.d., fl., Unwin s.n. (probablement 18) (K!). Khaya grandifolia Thompson, Colonial Reports Annual Miscellaneous 51: 4 (1898), nomen nudum. Khaya kissiensis A. Chev., Exploration botanique de l���Afrique occidentale fran��aise 1: 117 (1920), nomem nudum. Khaya dawei Stapf ex Broun & R.E.Massey, Flora of the Sudan: 231 (1929), ���Dawei���. ��� Type: Soudan, G.A. Schweinfurth 103, Bahr al Ghazal, rivi��re Linduku, 28.II.1870 (holo-, K!). REMARQUE Il n���y a pas d�����chantillon cit�� dans la diagnose, seulement deux localit��s: ��Bahr al Ghazal Prov.(Nianiam-land: by the Linduku stream) �� et ��Mongalla Prov.��. Nous n���avons trouv�� que la r��colte de Schweinfurth 103 �� K avec une ��tiquette de la main de Stapf: ��vix quadratum descript.K. Dawei n. sp.��. La localit�� figure sur l�����tiquette originale de Schweinfurth: ��am Linduku 28 Feb. 70 ��. C���est, pour l���heure, l���holotype de cette esp��ce., Published as part of Dipelet, Ulrich Ga��l Bouka, Florence, Jacques, Doumenge, Charles, Loumeto, Jean Jo��l & McKEY, Doyle, 2017, Khayae (Meliaceae) specierum Nomenclator, pp. 15-30 in Adansonia 39 (1) on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4598996

Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. (Fig. 2) Les V��g��taux utiles de l���Afrique tropicale fran��aise 5: 207 (1909), ���Kahya���; Explor. Bot.: 116 (1920), Bouroukrou, chemin de fer km 92. ��� Type d��sign�� ici: A . Chevalier 16106, C��te d���Ivoire, Bouroukrou, chemin de fer km 92, j. fr., 20.XII.1906 - 20.I.1907 (lecto-, P [P06674340]!; isolecto-, P [P06674341, P06674342]!). REMARQUE Dans sa diagnose copieuse, Chevalier ne cita pourtant pas d�����chantillons. Ce n���est que dans la seconde publication qu���il pr��cisa localit��s et ��chantillons. Nous avons trouv�� plusieurs ��chantillons ramass��s par l���auteur entre 1905 et 1907, dates compatibles avec cette derni��re publication et d��pos��s �� P. Parmi ces ��chantillons, trois parts portent la mention Chevalier 16 106: seules deux parts de la r��colte pr��sentent la note manuscrite de l���auteur: ��type avec fruits!��. Nous choisissons comme type celle qui porte deux fruits immatures. L���autre, moins fournie en feuilles, n���en porte qu���un seul. La troisi��me part est sans note de l���auteur, avec une mention de localit�� plus courte: ��Bouroukrou, km 92��, avec la m��me date et le nom ��crit de sa main: �� Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. ��. Les autres ��chantillons sont consid��r��s comme appartenant au mat��riel original, non cit��s tout comme le type, mais portant le nom �� Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. �� de la main de l���auteur. Ils repr��sentent des syntypes, dont certains avec des doubles d��pos��s ailleurs. ANCIENS SYNTYPES. ��� C��te d���Ivoire. A. Chevalier 15233, r��gion de Bingerville, Abidjean, Dabo, fl., 1905 (syn-, P[P00453286]!; isosyn-, SHO!, P[P06674344, P06674347, P06674348, P06674349, P06674350, P06674351, P06674352, P06674353, P06674355]!); A. Chevalier 15586, r��gion littorale foresti��re, 1905, st. (syn-, P[P06674346]!; isosyn-, P[P06674262]!); A. Chevalier 16106bis, gare d���Agbo, 25-30.XII.1906, fl. (syn-, P[P04695732]!; isosyn-, K!, P[P06674371, P06674372]!); A. Chevalier 16106bis [A], Bouroukrou, chemin de fer km 92, 20.XII.1906 - 20.1.1907, j. fr. (syn-, P[P00453289]!; isosyn-, K!); A. Chevalier 16106ter, Bouroukrou, 20.XII.1906 - 20.I.1907, st. (syn-, P[P00453290]; isosyn-, P[P06674379, P06674383]!); A. Chevalier 16973, pont de l���Agbo, 22.I.1907, st. (syn-, P[P00453293]!; isosyn-, P[P06674384]!); A. Chevalier 17397, province de l���Atti��, entre la lagune Potou et Al��p�� (entre Mont��zo et Al��p��), j., 24-26. II.1907 (syn-, P[P00453294]!); A. Chevalier 20101, 23.II.1907, lagune Potou: Anyama, juv., 3.II.1907 (syn-, P[P00453295]!; isosyn-, P[P06674373]!). Khaya klainei Pierre ex Pellegr., Notulae Systematicae. Herbier du Mus��um de Paris. Phan��rogamie. Paris 2: 77 (1911) ���Klainei���, Gabon, Libreville, T.-J. Klaine 2450. ��� Type d��sign�� ici: T.-J. Klaine 2450, Gabon, Libreville, fl., III.1902 (lecto-, P[P00453277]!; isolecto-, K!, 3 parts; P[P06674280, P06674281, excl. gr., P06674283, excl. pl. Delpy, P06674284, excl. gr.]!) (Figs 3; 4). ANCIENS SYNTYPES. ��� Gabon. gr., X.1901, T.-J. Klaine 2450 [A], (syn-, P[P06674279]!); pr��s de Sibang, germ., 3.X.1901, T.-J. Klaine 2450 [B] (syn-, P[P06674282]!); fl., I.1902 (syn-, G[G00382634]) (Figs 5; 6). REMARQUE La r��colte Klaine 2450 ne porte aucune note typifiante, ni de la part de Pierre, ni de celle de Pellegrin. Parmi l���abondant mat��riel, nous choisissons une part particuli��rement bien fleurie. Il est �� noter que plusieurs d���entre elles sont accompagn��es de l���illustration imprim��e d���un rameau fructif��re ex��cut��e par Delpy. Khaya caudata Stapf ex Hutch. & Dalziel, Flora of West Tropical Africa 1 (1): 490 (1927). ��� Ivory Coast: Atti��, between Potou Lagoon and Al��p��; Anyama (Feb). S. Nigeria: Abo Forest; Calabar. Exsicc., A .H. Unwin 45, Chevalier 14151, 14171, 14175, 17397, 20101. ��� Type d��sign�� ici: A .H. Unwin 45, Nigeria, Abok [Abo] forest (lecto-, K!; isolecto-, K!). REMARQUE Dans la diagnose, outre Unwin 45, sont cit��es plusieurs r��coltes de Chevalier que nous n���avons retrouv��es que dans le seul herbier de P et qui ne portent pas de d��terminations de Stapf ou de Hutchinson & Dalziel. En cons��quence, nous choisissons Unwin 45 d��pos�� �� K, qui porte le nom manuscrit �� Khaya caudata Stapf �� et vu par les deux auteurs de Flora of West Tropical Africa, le n��45bis est une seconde part et donc un isolectotype. ANCIENS SYNTYPES. ��� Nigeria Sud. A. Chevalier 14151, Old Calabar, juv., VII.1905 (syn-, P[P00453305]!); A. Chevalier 14173 [14171 in diagn.], eod. loc., juv., VII.1905 (syn-, P[P06674528]!); A. Chevalier 14175, eod. loc., juv., VII.1905 (syn-, P[P06674544]!; isosyn-, P[P06674543]!); A. Chevalier 17397, province de l���Atti��, entre la lagune Potou et Al��p�� (entre Mont��zo et Al��p��), juv., 24-26. II.1907 (syn-, P[P00453294]!); A. Chevalier 20101, 23.II.1907, lagune Potou: Anyama, juv., 23.II.1907 (syn-, P[P00453295]!; isosyn-, P[P06674373]!). REMARQUE On notera que deux r��coltes de Chevalier, Chevalier 17397 et 20101 constituent du mat��riel original de K. ivorensis et de K. caudata. Khaya ivorensis A.Chev. var. quadrifida A. Chev., Exploration botanique de l���Afrique occidentale fran��aise 1: 117 (1920), nomem nudum., Published as part of Dipelet, Ulrich Ga��l Bouka, Florence, Jacques, Doumenge, Charles, Loumeto, Jean Jo��l & McKEY, Doyle, 2017, Khayae (Meliaceae) specierum Nomenclator, pp. 15-30 in Adansonia 39 (1) on pages 20-23, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4598996

Psychotria speciosa G. Forst. (Fig. 2) Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus: 16, taxon 89 (1786). ��� Cephaelis speciosa (G. Forst.), Spreng., Systema vegetabilium 1: 749 (1824). ��� Uragoga speciosa (G. Forst.) Drake, Illustrationes Florae Insularum Maris Pacifici 15: 38 (1890). ��� Lectotype, here designated: Society Islands,Tahiti, without locality or date (fl. buds), G. Forster 57 (GOET[GOET012552]!). The sheet is annotated ���57. Psychotria speciosa Prodr. 89��� perhaps in handwriting of G. Forster; on a second blue label is written ���Original Forster��� with a det. slip by F. R. Fosberg ���57. Psychotria speciosa Forst. f. in 1986���. Due to the poor condition of the lectotype, we also designate the following specimen as epitype. EPITYPE. ��� Here designated: Society Islands. Tahiti, plateau deTaravao, captage de l���Hamoa, 17��47���S, 149��15���W, 950 m, 9.II.1983, (fl.), J. Florence 4492 (epi-, P[P02286909]!; isoepi-, BISH, P[P02286910]!, PAP). DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND ECOLOGY. ��� Psychotria speciosa occurs as isolated plants in mid-elevation forests at 700-1500 m. Its ecology is poorly known, but collectors��� notes indicate it is rare in high valleys along streams associated with species of Cyathea Sm. and Cyrtandra J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. Many of these areas are invaded by Miconia calvescens DC. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. ��� Society Islands. Tahiti, Plateau de Taravao, captage de l���Hamoa, 930 m, 17��47���S, 149��15���W, 9.II.1983, J. Florence 4487 (P [P02286904]!). Without precise locality: bel arbrisseau dans les hautes vall��es, fl. & fr., s.d., Vieillard s.n. (P [P00701046]!); b. fl., Vieillard s.n., s.d. (P [P02286905]!). DESCRIPTION Shrubs or treelets 2-4 m tall, sparsely branched, vegetative parts glabrous; twiglets cylindrical, fistulose. Leaves of a pair equal or subequal; stipules caducous, united into a calyptra 2-2.5 cm long, terminated by a narrowly elliptic appendage 0.4-0.8 cm long, �� bifid at the tip; petiole stout, 1.2-5.2 cm long; blade when fresh light green to bright green above, paler below, subcoriaceous, obovate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 5.3-19.2 cm long, 6.2-9.3cm wide, base cuneate to very narrowly decurrent, apex obtuse or rounded to acute or short acuminate, abaxially with whitish or reddish brown domatia sometimes present in secondary vein axils, costa flattened adaxially, prominulous abaxially, secondary veins 8-13 on each side, prominulous abaxially, tertiary vein network inconspicuous. Inflorescence terminal, in bud enclosed in a stipule-like calyptra 3.3-4.5 cm long, bifid at apex, enclosing 3-9 densely clustered sessile or subsessile flowers, inflorescence becoming pseudo-axillary by development of sympodial vegetative branch. Flowers fragrant when fresh, monomorphic. Hypanthium glabrous, turbinate, 2.5-4.2 mm long, 2-3.3 mm wide, calyx pale green, tube 2.5-4.2 mm long, 2.8-4 mm wide, flared; calyx lobes linear to triangular-ovate, narrowly oblong, or spathulate, 2.8-5.2 mm long, 1-1.8 mm wide (Fig. 2 A-D). Corollas white, fleshy, hypocrateriform, tube 2.8-3.5 cm long, 2.0- 2.5 mm in diam., straight or slightly curved, glabrous without or the lobes sparsely puberulent, lobes narrowly oblong-triangular, 1.3-1.5 cm long, 2.1-2.5 mm wide, recurved at maturity, papillose to tomentellose within, more densely so at the throat, apex acute, uncinulate at tip.Stamens inserted below top of tube; anthers sessile, linear, 2.8-3 mm long. Style 2.8-3.3 cm long, reaching throat, pubescent in distal third, stigmatic branches c. 2 mm long, scarcely exserted or exserted for 2-3 mm, spreading at maturity, ventrally with white hairs 0.3 mm long, apex disciform-lobed; nectary disc glabrous. Infructescence terminal or lateral by displacement. Fruits sessile or scarcely pedicellate, clustered, ellipsoid-ovoid to subglobose, 1.5-2.2 cm long, 0.8-1.1 cm wide, red at maturity, apex umbonate.Pyrenes ellipsoid, 1.4-1.7 cm long, 0.7-1.0 cm wide, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, ventral surface plane, dorsal surface with two marginal and one central crests; preformed germination slit ventral, extending ��-1/3 distance from apex (Fig. 5B). Endosperm not ruminate, lacking reddish alcohol-soluble pigment. IDENTITY OF PSYCHOTRIA TRICHOCALYX, COMB. NOV. Drake Del Castillo(1886) considered Nadeaud���s ���Var.D cymosa ��� of P.speciosa to represent a distinctive species with inflorescences having villous peduncles and calyces and described it as Uragoga trichocalyx Drake, citing two specimens (L��pine 184 and Nadeaud 343). He later (Drake Del Castillo 1892) transferred it to Calycosia A. Gray as Calycosia trichocalyx (Drake) Drake. Calycosia is a genus of six to eight species distributed in Fiji, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, and New Guinea. It is closely related to Psychotria (Smith & Darwin 1988; Andersson 2002) and is distinguished morphologically by the capitular or capitular-cymose inflorescences with conspicuous, often numerous, pale green to white, free or united, involucrate stipule-like deciduous bracts, and flowers with a large, infundibular calyx limb, deciduous in fruit (Smith & Darwin 1988). However, Smith & Darwin (1988) stated these characters are not reliable in separating the genus from all groups of Psychotria. Our observations reveal that young inflorescences of many Pacific Psychotria species are enveloped by stipules or stipule-like bracts. Capitular-cymose inflorescences occur in several Marquesan and Micronesian Psychotria species (Fosberg & Sachet 1991; Lorence &Wagner2005; Lorence &Wood 2012). Furthermore, calyx limb size and lobing varies considerably between Psychotria species. For these reasons we believe C. trichocalyx is best placed in Psychotria and make the following new combination., Published as part of Lorence, David H., Florence, Jacques & Meyer, Jean-Yves, 2017, Reassessment of the Psychotria speciosa G. Forst. (Rubiaceae) complex in Tahiti, Society Islands, with a new combination and description of new species, Psychotria paulae J. - Y. Meyer, Lorence & J. Florence, sp. nov., pp. 41-53 in Adansonia 39 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4599027, {"references":["DRAKE DEL CASTILLO E. 1886. - Illustrationes Flora Insularum Maris Pacifici. G. Masson, Paris. 458 p., 50 tables. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86930","SMITH A. C. & DARWIN S. P. 1988. - Rubiaceae, in SMITH A. C. (ed.), Flora Vitiensis Nova 4. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii: 143 - 376.","ANDERSSON L. 2002. - Relationships and generic circumscriptions in the Psychotria complex (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 72 (1): 167 - 202.","FOSBERG F. R. & SACHET M. - H. 1991. - Studies in Indo-Pacific Rubiaceae. Allertonia 6: 191 - 278.","LORENCE D. H. & WAGNER W. L. 2005. - A revision of Psychotria (Rubiaceae) in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia). Allertonia 9: 1 - 38.","LORENCE D. H. & WOOD K. R. 2012. - Psychotria kosraensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from Kosrae, Caroline Islands, Micronesia. Novon 22 (1): 51 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2011048"]}

Psychotria trichocalyx (Drake) Fosberg ex J.-Y. Meyer, Lorence & J. Florence, comb. nov. (Fig. 1B, C) Basionym: Uragoga trichocalyx Drake, Illustrationes florae insularum Maris Pacifici 16: 40 (1886). ��� Type: Tahiti, L��pine 184 (lecto-, P[P007010414, P00701042]!, 2 sheets, here designated). ��� Syntype: Tahiti, Mt. Marau, 1200 m, Nadeaud 343 p. p. (P[P00701043]!). Calycosia trichocalyx (Drake) Drake, Illustrationes florae insularum Maris Pacifici: 196 (1886). Psychotria speciosa var. D cymosa Nadeaud, ��num��ration des plantes indig��nes de l�����le de Tahiti: 51 (1873). REMARK Drake Del Castillo (1886) cited two syntype collections, L��pine 184 and Nadeaud 343 (a mixed collection), both at Paris. F. R. Fosberg proposed but never published this combination in his herbarium annotations of the syntypes. We hereby designate L��pine 184 (2 sheets) as lectotype. This species is distinguished from other Tahiti congeners by a shortly pedunculate, 3-4-flowered inflorescence covered by spreading reddish-brown hairs, externally pilose campanulate calyx with short triangular to oblong lobes, pilose hypanthium and fruit, and white corollas with lobes puberulent distally (Fig. 1B, C). DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES, PSYCHOTRIA PAULAE J. -Y. MEYER, LORENCE & J. FLORENCE, SP. NOV. Intensive botanical surveys on the island ofTahiti have produced numerous new collections and new locations for Psychotria, including a distinctive new species discovered by J.-Y. Meyer at one locality on the western slopes of Tahiti. This new species does not match any of the recognized Pacific Island taxa but is most similar to P. speciosa. Tahiti currently has nine Psychotria species, including P. trichocalyx, comb. nov., and the new species P. paulae, sp. nov., described below., Published as part of Lorence, David H., Florence, Jacques & Meyer, Jean-Yves, 2017, Reassessment of the Psychotria speciosa G. Forst. (Rubiaceae) complex in Tahiti, Society Islands, with a new combination and description of new species, Psychotria paulae J. - Y. Meyer, Lorence & J. Florence, sp. nov., pp. 41-53 in Adansonia 39 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4599027, {"references":["DRAKE DEL CASTILLO E. 1886. - Illustrationes Flora Insularum Maris Pacifici. G. Masson, Paris. 458 p., 50 tables. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86930"]}

Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C. DC. Monographiae Phanerogamarum 1: 721 (1878); Exell & Mendon��a, Conspectus Florae Angolensis 1 (2): 307 (1951). ��� Garretia anthotheca Welw., Apontamentos Phytogeographicos: 587 (1859), ���anthoteca���, ��Habit. in silvis primitivis District. Golungo Alto, imprimis in Sobato Mussengue.��. ��� Type d��sign�� ici: F.M . Welwitsch 1314, Angola, montagnes de Queta [m. de Queta, fl. IV.1856], fl., IV.1856 (lecto-, BM [BM000799818]!). ANCIENS SYNTYPES. ��� S.loc., s.d., fl. & j. fr., F.M. Welwitsch 1314 (syn-, K[K00432187]!; isosyn-, st., COI[COI00005208!]; st., K[K004321188]!, st., LISU[LISU206318!]; F.M. Welwitsch 1314, Golungo Alto, montagnes de Queta (Golo. Alt. montes Queta), s.d., fl. (syn-, LISU[LISU206312!], excl. frgt. fr.; s.loc., fl. (isosyn-, G [G00382667]!, deux parts, P[P06674532, P06674534]!); F.M.Wel - witsch 1314, Golungo Alto, montagnes de Queta (Golu. Alto. m. d. Queto), s.d., st. (syn-, LISU[LISU206314!]); F.M. Welwitsch 1314, Golungo Alto, [Gol. Alt.], s.d., infl. (syn-, LISU[LISU206317!]; F.M. Welwitsch 1314, for��ts de Queta [sylvis de Queta], fr. et gr., 18.XI.1855 (syn-, LISU[LISU206315!]); F.M. Welwitsch 1314, Golungo Alto, fl. (syn-, 18.XI.1855, II.1856, PRE!; isosyn-, Serra de Alto Queta, II.1856, fl. M[M-0108665!]); F.M.Welwitsch 1314, Golungo Alto, gr., 1857 (syn-, K[K00432186]!); F.M. Welwitsch 1314, Angola, Loanda, XII.1858, gr. (syn-, BM[BM000799819]!; isosyn-, [D. de Gol. o Alto], LISU[LISU206313]!, s.loc., s.d., st. LISU[LISU206319]!); F.M.Welwitsch 1314, Loanda, gtion., XII.1858 (syn-, LISU[LISU206316]!). REMARQUE Le mat��riel original de Welwitsch est largement composite: pas moins de 18 parts sous le m��me num��ro 1314 ont ��t�� rep��r��es dans les herbiers et la banque d���images JSTOR. Comme il n���a pas ��t�� possible d���associer au lectotype tous les doubles d��pos��s dans les herbiers, la principale raison ��tant l���impossibilit�� de les examiner tous, avec de plus des discordances sur les dates, localit��s et ph��nologies, nous les avons consid��r��s comme des syntypes. Nous avons fait le choix, pour des doubles d���un syntype distribu��s entre BM et d���autres herbiers, de privil��gier BM comme lieu de d��p��t du syntype, puisque cet herbier h��berge le premier jeu des parts ayant servi �� la r��daction de Apontamentos Phytogeographicos (Hiern 1896; Albuquerque et al. 2009). Nous faisons de m��me pour LISU, qui est le deuxi��me herbier pour l���importance des collections de Welwitsch.Dans certaines situations d��licates �� trancher �� partir des seules images pour la mise en concordance des parts, �� cause d���informations absentes sur la localit��, la date ou d���un m��lange ��vident du mat��riel collect�� (par exemple, des feuilles d���un jeune pied avec des fleurs ou des fruits), nous avons laiss�� s��par��es de telles parts plut��t que les rassembler �� tort au sein d���un m��me syntype. Par ailleurs, Welwitsch a effectu�� des collectes entre novembre 1855 et d��cembre 1858 et ne les a pas toujours annot��es clairement. De plus, le soin variable apport�� aux collections dans les diff��rents herbiers a pu ajouter �� la confusion. Il ��tait ainsi habituel de renseigner pr��cis��ment une seule ��tiquette, de laisser les doubles avec une information minimale (collecteur et num��ro de collecte) et de n��gliger le report des donn��es originales avant envoi dans d���autres institutions. Il a pu ainsi en r��sulter des planches avec des ��tiquettes aux informations contradictoires sur les localit��s ou les dates. Enfin, pour ne pas alourdir davantage cette op��ration et contrairement aux autres situations, nous avons laiss�� la num��rotation originale en l�����tat, sans y ajouter un suffixe [A], [B], etc., ce qui aurait obscurci �� son tour la situation. Exell & Mendon��a (1951), dans le traitement de Khaya, indiquaient ��BM, tipo��. Dans la mesure o�� il existe deux parts du n��1314 de Welwitsch, l���acte nomenclatural n���est pas effectif. Le choix du lectotype portera donc sur l���une des deux. La part BM000799818 est constitu��e d���une feuille et d���une inflorescence (apparemment incompl��te), on y trouve en haut �� gauche, une ��tiquette avec une longue description sur les caract��res foliaires et floraux, ainsi que la note:�� Hab. in sylvis editior.primit. M. de Queta C. fr. Febr. C. fl. Apr. 1856 ��; une seconde ��tiquette, en bas �� gauche, avec une description plus courte sur les caract��res foliaires et la note: ��Absque floribus in sylvis de Queta editioribus�� et la date 18.11.1855.Ces deux ��tiquettes sont donc dans un conflit de dates et on peut, soit suspecter une planche comprenant une feuille et une inflorescence collect��es �� deux dates diff��rentes, soit consid��rer que la part est homog��ne, mais que l�����tiquette signalant l���absence de fleurs n���appartient pas au mat��riel fix�� sur la planche. La part BM000799819 est constitu��e d���une feuille et de deux graines. Une ��tiquette centr��e vers le haut porte l���indication: �� Anthotheca ��� Folia adulta In sylvis Sobti Mussengue Junio 1856 ��; une seconde ��tiquette, en bas �� gauche: ��Junge Pflanze von Garettia mit noch anh��ngenden Samen.Schalen. ��� Loanda Dcbr. 1858 [Transl. Young plant of Garettia with seed vessels still hanging.��� Loanda Dcbr. 1858]. ��. Sur cette m��me ��tiquette, mais d���une autre ��criture: ��without accompanying specimen; no seed in the study sent specimen ��. On peut attribuer la premi��re ��tiquette �� la feuille et la seconde aux deux graines qui appartenaient �� un fruit dont elles sont le seul ��l��ment restant, ou au contraire, estimer que feuille et graines vont ensemble avec l�����tiquette Loanda d��cembre 1858 et consid��rer l���autre ��tiquette �� Sobti Mussengue juin 1856 �� comme intruse. Pour ces deux parts, il est difficile de choisir parmi toutes les possibilit��s. C���est donc en reconnaissant une part d���arbitraire que nous choisissons BM000799818 comme lectotype, avec l���hypoth��se que la petite ��tiquette du 18.11.1855 est �� exclure de la planche.Pour BM000799819, nous retenons l���hypoth��se d���une part non composite avec la date de d��cembre 1858. Khaya euryphylla Harms, Notizblatt des K��niglichen botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 3 (28): 169 (1902), �� Kame- run: Johann-Albrechtsh��he. (Staudt n. 677. Bl��hend im M��rz 1896)��. ��� Type d��sign�� ici: A. Staudt 677 (877 �� K), Cameroun, Kumba (Johann-Albrechtsh��he), fl., III.1896 (holo-, B���; lecto-, K[K000094091]!; isolecto-, G [G00414647]!, P[P00453253]!). REMARQUE Les Meliaceae de Berlin ayant br��l��, le type de cette esp��ce a disparu. Nous choisissons la part de K comme lectotype, plus fournie en fleurs que les deux autres. Khaya mildbraedii Harms, Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 7: 223 (1917), �� Kamerun, Weit nach Norden bis in den Bogen des Lom (Sanaga) vor der Vereinigung mit dem Djerem vorgeschobener Auslaufer der geschlossenen Hylaea um Dengdeng etwa 250 Km N O Jaunde��. ��� Type d��sign�� ici: G.W. Mildbraed 8698, Cameroun, en-de���� du confluent de la Sanaga et du Djerem, environ de Dengdeng, 250 km au nord ouest de Yaound��, avanc��e de la for��t dense humide fl., III.1914 (holo-, B���; lecto-, K[K001089643]). REMARQUE La situation est la m��me que pour K. euryphylla: type de Berlin disparu. La seule part retrouv��e est �� K; elle est retenue comme lectotype. Khaya wildemanii Ghesq., Revue zoologique africaine avec Suppl��ment Botanique 13: 29 (1926), ���Wildemanii���. ��� Type d��sign�� ici: J. Ghesqui��re 62, Congo Belge, Kasai, fr., X.1924 (lecto-, BR[BR00000895410]!; isolecto-, BR[BR00000895407,BR00000895440, BR00000895443, BR00000895476, BR00000982535]!). REMARQUE �� BR, on trouve six parts de cette r��colte, dont seules deux, BR00000895410 et BR00000895440 sont not��es comme ��Typus! �� par Ghesqui��re. Nous choisissons comme lectotype la part fructif��re avec des capsules d��membr��es et les graines associ��es. Les autres sont consid��r��es comme doubles, dont BR00000982535, qui est constitu��e de deux fragments d�����corce. Khaya agboensis A. Chev. ex A. Chev., Revue de Botanique appliqu��e et d���Agriculture coloniale 8: 209 (1928), �� C��te d���Ivoire, dans la for��t, assez rare. Agboville, environs du pont de Chemin de fer, km 83. 8 novembre 1909 (en fruits jeunes) ��. ��� Type: A. Chevalier B. 22342, Agboville, environs du pont de chemin de fer, km 82, st., 1-11.XI.1909 (holo-, P[P00453217]!; iso-, K[K001089642]!, SHO!, P[P06674537, P06674539, P06674540, P06674541]!). REMARQUE Chevalier ��crit ��type�� sur une seule part de P, qui est donc l���holotype, toutes les autres parts en sont des doubles, avec les m��mes indications de localit��. Khaya agboensis A. Chev., Exploration botanique de l���Afrique occidentale fran��aise 1: 116 (1920), nom. nudum., Published as part of Dipelet, Ulrich Ga��l Bouka, Florence, Jacques, Doumenge, Charles, Loumeto, Jean Jo��l & McKEY, Doyle, 2017, Khayae (Meliaceae) specierum Nomenclator, pp. 15-30 in Adansonia 39 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4598996, {"references":["HIERN W. P. 1896. - Catalogue of the African Plants Collected by Dr Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853 - 1861. Dicotyledons, Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, vol. 1 (1): 26 + 336 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10876","ALBUQUERQUE S., BRUMMITT R. K. & FIGUEIREDO E. 2009. - Typification of names based on the Angolan collections of Friedrich Welwitsch. Taxon 58: 641 - 649."]}

International audience; The island of Moorea in French Polynesia is representative of a relatively well preserved small tropical oceanic island but both its terrestrial and marine ecosystems arc currently under strong anthropogcnic pressures. The terrestrial ecosystems are facing an increasing urbanization, and the destruction and modification of their natural habitats by cultivation and forestry plantations, accidental or intentional fires, and particularly by the invasion of alien plant and animal species. Coastal areas and reef ecosystems are threatened by shoreline artificialization, sedimentation due to soil erosion, increasing uses of marine and lagoon resources and frequency of coral bleaching events. A significant erosion of terrestrial and marine biodivcrsity is observed on the island since the last decades. In the context of the Land Management Plan (PGA) and Marine Area Management Plan (PGEM) recently set up in the island by local authorities, scientific surveys and inventories were made in 2006 in order to assess the status of terrestrial biodivcrsity (vascular plants) and marine biodiversity (reef fishes) and compare areas with different anthropogcnic pressures. Studies conducted on the flora and the vegetation at low and middle elevation along attitudinal transects show that the plant invasion process is related to climatic and topographic factors, and species autoecology. The marine study aims to compare the protected areas with control areas in order to test the effectiveness of protection measures and to propose a streamlined monitoring protocol. A methodological study in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems was conducted in order to propose biodivcrsity indicators which are crucial for decision making in conservation and sustainable development of island biodiversity. We used Geographic Information System (GIS) as a fast and intuitive tool for mapping indicators and their variability. This methodological approach developed on the island of Moorca could be used as a model for other tropical islands.

Psychotria rupestris Pancher Nom. mss. in herb. Psychotria rupicola (Baill.) Schltr., Published as part of Barrabé, Laure, Mouly, Arnaud & Florence, Jacques, 2013, Psychotriae (Rubiaceae) neocaledonicarum specierum nomenclator, pp. 281-357 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on page 352, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5206600

Psychotria avenis Pancher ex Beauvis. Annales de la Société Botanique de Lyon 26: 53 (1901), nom. nud., mss. in herb. Psychotria semperflorens (Pancher ex Beauvis.) Guillaumin., Published as part of Barrabé, Laure, Mouly, Arnaud & Florence, Jacques, 2013, Psychotriae (Rubiaceae) neocaledonicarum specierum nomenclator, pp. 281-357 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on page 351, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5206600

Uragoga phyllanthifolia Baill. ex Guillaumin Annales du Musée colonial de Marseille 9: 175 (1911), nom. nud. Psychotria monanthos (Baill.) Schltr., Published as part of Barrabé, Laure, Mouly, Arnaud & Florence, Jacques, 2013, Psychotriae (Rubiaceae) neocaledonicarum specierum nomenclator, pp. 281-357 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on page 352, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5206600