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Advanced and metastatic tumors with complex treatment histories drive cancer mortality. Here we describe the POG570 cohort, a comprehensive whole-genome, transcriptome and clinical dataset, amenable for exploration of the impacts of therapies on genomic landscapes. Previous exposure to DNA-damaging chemotherapies and mutations affecting DNA repair genes, including POLQ and genes encoding Polζ, were associated with genome-wide, therapy-induced mutagenesis. Exposure to platinum therapies coincided with signatures SBS31 and DSB5 and, when combined with DNA synthesis inhibitors, signature SBS17b. Alterations in ESR1, EGFR, CTNNB1, FGFR1, VEGFA and DPYD were consistent with drug resistance and sensitivity. Recurrent noncoding events were found in regulatory region hotspots of genes including TERT, PLEKHS1, AP2A1 and ADGRG6. Mutation burden and immune signatures corresponded with overall survival and response to immunotherapy. Our data offer a rich resource for investigation of advanced cancers and interpretation of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing in the context of a cancer clinic. Marra and colleagues describe POG570, a pan-cancer, whole-genome, transcriptome and clinical dataset stressing the molecular interactions in advanced and post-therapy cancer patients.

Recent advances are enabling delivery of precision genomic medicine to cancer clinics. While the majority of approaches profile panels of selected genes or hotspot regions, comprehensive data provided by whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing and analysis (WGTA) present an opportunity to align a much larger proportion of patients to therapies.Samples from 570 patients with advanced or metastatic cancer of diverse types enrolled in the Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) program underwent WGTA. DNA-based data, including mutations, copy number and mutation signatures, were combined with RNA-based data, including gene expression and fusions, to generate comprehensive WGTA profiles. A multidisciplinary molecular tumour board used WGTA profiles to identify and prioritize clinically actionable alterations and inform therapy. Patient responses to WGTA-informed therapies were collected.Clinically actionable targets were identified for 83% of patients, of which 37% of patients received WGTA-informed treatments. RNA expression data were particularly informative, contributing to 67% of WGTA-informed treatments; 25% of treatments were informed by RNA expression alone. Of a total 248 WGTA-informed treatments, 46% resulted in clinical benefit. RNA expression data were comparable to DNA-based mutation and copy number data in aligning to clinically beneficial treatments. Genome signatures also guided therapeutics including platinum, poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors and immunotherapies. Patients accessed WGTA-informed treatments through clinical trials (19%), off-label use (35%) and as standard therapies (46%) including those which would not otherwise have been the next choice of therapy, demonstrating the utility of genomic information to direct use of chemotherapies as well as targeted therapies.Integrating RNA expression and genome data illuminated treatment options that resulted in 46% of treated patients experiencing positive clinical benefit, supporting the use of comprehensive WGTA profiling in clinical cancer care.

Manual interpretation of variants remains rate limiting in precision oncology. The increasing scale and complexity of molecular data generated from comprehensive sequencing of cancer samples requires advanced interpretative platforms as precision oncology expands beyond individual patients to entire populations. To address this unmet need, we created the Platform for Oncogenomic Reporting and Interpretation (PORI), comprising an analytic framework created to facilitate the interpretation and reporting of somatic variants in cancer. PORI is unique in its integration of reporting and graph knowledge base tools combined with support for manual curation at the reporting stage. PORI represents one of the first open-source platform alternatives to commercial reporting solutions suitable for comprehensive genomic data sets in precision oncology. We demonstrate the utility of PORI by matching 9,961 TCGA tumours to the graph knowledge base, revealing that 88.2% have at least one potentially targetable alteration, and making available reports describing select individual samples.

Inherited genetic variation has important implications for cancer screening, early diagnosis, and disease prognosis. A role for germline variation has also been described in shaping the molecular landscape, immune response, microenvironment, and treatment response of individual tumors. However, there is a lack of consensus on the handling and analysis of germline information that extends beyond known or suspected cancer susceptibility in large-scale cancer genomics initiatives. As part of the Personalized OncoGenomics program in British Columbia, we performed whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing in paired tumor and normal tissues from advanced cancer patients to characterize the molecular tumor landscape and identify putative targets for therapy. Overall, our experience supports a multidisciplinary and integrative approach to germline data management. This includes a need for broader definitions and standardized recommendations regarding primary and secondary germline findings in precision oncology. Here, we propose a framework for identifying, evaluating, and returning germline variants of potential clinical significance that may have indications for health management beyond cancer risk reduction or prevention in patients and their families.

Widespread use of information and communication technology is a cornerstone of today's society. This results in significant changes in communication, information flow, business operations, gaining knowledge and other aspects of life. Needs and requirements in the field of education are, thus, also changing. Skills for autonomous research and lifelong learning are gaining importance. Educational institutions and teachers as individuals are faced with the challenge of changing the concept of knowledge delivery which has to imply almost inevitable integration of modern technology. Considering the need to change educational systems in accordance with the changes in the society, marked by constant increase of information and knowledge base as well as by dynamic and fast paced development of information and communication technology, distance education is becoming an increasingly significant concept. A need to learn foreign languages is always present, regardless of teaching methods. This paper considers possibilities and specific elements throughout the process of teaching a foreign language in the distance education system compared to the traditional, in-class teaching system. The goal of the research is to analyze whether the methods of foreign language teaching used in the distance education system can be as equally efficient as the traditional teaching methods and whether the lack of face-to-face contact in the distance education system can be compensated by the use of information and communication technology.

Advanced and metastatic tumors with complex treatment histories drive cancer mortality. Here we describe the POG570 cohort, a comprehensive whole-genome, transcriptome and clinical dataset, amenable for exploration of the impacts of therapies on genomic landscapes. Previous exposure to DNA-damaging chemotherapies and mutations affecting DNA repair genes, including POLQ and genes encoding Polζ, were associated with genome-wide, therapy-induced mutagenesis. Exposure to platinum therapies coincided with signatures SBS31 and DSB5 and, when combined with DNA synthesis inhibitors, signature SBS17b. Alterations in ESR1, EGFR, CTNNB1, FGFR1, VEGFA and DPYD were consistent with drug resistance and sensitivity. Recurrent noncoding events were found in regulatory region hotspots of genes including TERT, PLEKHS1, AP2A1 and ADGRG6. Mutation burden and immune signatures corresponded with overall survival and response to immunotherapy. Our data offer a rich resource for investigation of advanced cancers and interpretation of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing in the context of a cancer clinic.

Syfte: Att enbart jämföra klinisk undersökning med klinisk undersökning i kombination med bitewingundersökning avseende initial och manifest approximalkaries på premolarer och molarer hos 15-åriga barn i Da Nang, Vietnam. Metod och material: En tvärsnittsstudie. Röntgenbilder har använts som material i denna studie. Studien bygger delvis på kliniskt insamlat material från en randomiserad epidemiologisk studie. Studien bestod av sammanlagt 200 slumpmässigt utvalda 15-åriga deltagare. Undersökningen bestod av fyra röntgenbilder med bitewingteknik. Studien fokuserar på mesiala och distala ytor på premolarer och molarer. Resultat: Vid jämförelse av klinisk undersökning med bitewingundersökning hittades ytterligare 152 approximala initiala kariesangrepp respektive 71 approximala manifesta kariesangrepp vid bitewingundersökningen. Total kariesprevalens på molarer och premolarers alla ytor visar ett medelvärde för initialkaries på 2,1 ytor per barn och vid manifest karies ett medelvärde på 4,6 ytor per barn vid klinisk undersökning i kombination med bitewing. Karies förekom oftast på bettets första molarer vid klinisk undersökning och bitewingundersökning. En statistisk signifikant skillnad, p-värde

Interleukin 18 je bitan predskazivač tijeka ishemijska bolesti srca u bolesnika s infarktom miokarda. Stoga smo tijekom rane stacionarne kardiološke rehabilitacije pratili koncentraciju Interlukina 18 u krvi bolesnika. Dokazali smo da koncentracija interleukina 18 ostaje visoka tijekom prvog mjeseca nakon akutnog koronarnog zbivanja NSTEMI u bolesnika bez primarne perkutane koronarne intervencije, dok se u bolesnika s transmuralnim infarktom (STEMI)i primarnom perkutanom intervencijom smanjila na razinu zdrave kontrole.

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is gaining importance in hematological malignancies ; it is regulated by a balance of various enhancing and inhibiting angiogenic factors. However, studies related to the prognostic value of angiogenic factors and aggressive Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are limited compared to solid tumors. The aim of this study was to determine pretreatment serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteopontin (OPN) in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and to investigate whether these factors provide prognostic information. METHODS: We measured pretreatment serum levels of VEGF and OPN by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in 67 patients newly diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and in 30 healthy controls. All patients were treated with rituximab-CHOP chemotherapy. RESULTS: The serum OPN levels were found elevated in untreated DLBCL patients compared to controls: in newly diagnosed patients it ranged from 25 to 238 pg/ml ; median 94.2 pg/ml while in the healthy controls it ranged from 13 to 46.5 pg/ml ; median 30.0 pg/ml (P=0.00008). There were significant differences in the serum VEGF levels between DLBCL patients and controls (median 480.96 pg/ml vs. 163.8 pg/ml, P=0.001). Serum OPN levels higher than the median level were related to advanced Ann Arbor stage (P=0.026), International Prognostic Index of 2 or higher (P=0.005), ECOG III-V (P=0.004). The complete remission rate after treatment was higher in patients with low OPN serum levels than in those with high OPN serum levels (67.5% versus 32.4%, P=0.002). Elevated serum levels of OPN were strongly associated with shorter overall survival (P=0.007) and event-free survival (P=0.04). In multivariate analysis with International Prognostic Index criteria, OPN remained a significant predictor for overall survival (P=0.033). VEGF level was significantly correlated with age (P=0.01) and serum lactate dehydrogenase level (P=0.02), but not strongly correlated with other potential prognostic factors, and it failed to show prognostic significance. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that pretreatment serum level of OPN is significantly related to outcome in DLBCL patients. Ongoing extension study and additional follow-up will provide more information moving forward.

We describe the results after subretinal surgery by patients with wet macular degeneration., Es werden die Ergebnisse nach subretinaler Chirurgie bei Patienten mit feuchter altersbedingter Makuladegeneration beschrieben.

Several studies tried to define the proinflamatory and anti-inflamatory cytokine response in acute pancreatitis. In our prospective studywe focused on the role of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. One hundred and seventeen consecutive patients(65 males and 52 females) with diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were eligible for participation in the study. Conclusions: Pts with severe acute pancreatitis had elevated values of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. Because of its sensitivity, elevated IL-6 should be considered in the prediction of acute pancreatitis complications.

We establish the potential of continuous-variable Gaussian states of linear dynamical systems for machine learning tasks. Specifically, we consider reservoir computing, an efficient framework for online time series processing. As a reservoir we consider a quantum harmonic network modeling e.g. linear quantum optical systems. We prove that unlike universal quantum computing, universal reservoir computing can be achieved without non-Gaussian resources. We find that encoding the input time series into Gaussian states is both a source and a means to tune the nonlinearity of the overall input-output map. We further show that the full potential of the proposed model can be reached by encoding to quantum fluctuations, such as squeezed vacuum, instead of classical intense fields or thermal fluctuations. Our results introduce a new research paradigm for reservoir computing harnessing the dynamics of a quantum system and the engineering of Gaussian quantum states, pushing both fields into a new direction., We acknowledge the Spanish State Research Agency, through the Severo Ochoa and María de Maeztu Program for Centers and Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2017-0711) and through the QUARESCproject (PID2019-109094GB-C21 and C-22 / AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033).We also acknowledgefunding by CAIB through the QUAREC project (PRD2018/47). The work of MCS has been supportedby MICINN/AEI/FEDER and the University of the Balearic Islands through a “Ramon y Cajal” Fellowship (RYC-2015-18140). VP acknowledges financial supportfrom the European Research Council under the Consol-idator Grant COQCOoN (Grant No. 820079).

Assessing the impact of mobility on epidemic spreading is of crucial importance for understanding the effect of policies like mass quarantines and selective re-openings. While many factors affect disease incidence at a local level, making it more or less homogeneous with respect to other areas, the importance of multi-seeding has often been overlooked. Multi-seeding occurs when several independent (non-clustered) infected individuals arrive at a susceptible population. This can lead to independent outbreaks that spark from distinct areas of the local contact (social) network. Such mechanism has the potential to boost incidence, making control efforts and contact tracing less effective. Here, through a modeling approach we show that the effect produced by the number of initial infections is non-linear on the incidence peak and peak time. When case importations are carried by mobility from an already infected area, this effect is further enhanced by the local demography and underlying mixing patterns: the impact of every seed is larger in smaller populations. Finally, both in the model simulations and the analysis, we show that a multi-seeding effect combined with mobility restrictions can explain the observed spatial heterogeneities in the first wave of COVID-19 incidence and mortality in five European countries. Our results allow us for identifying what we have called epidemic epicenter: an area that shapes incidence and mortality peaks in the entire country. The present work further clarifies the nonlinear effects that mobility can have on the evolution of an epidemic and highlight their relevance for epidemic control., M.M.’s salary was funded by the Conselleria d’Innovacio´, Recerca i Turisme of the Government of the Balearic Islands and the European Social Fund with grant code FPI/2090/ 2018. M.M., S.M. and J.J.R. also acknowledge funding from the project Distancia-COVID (CSICCOVID- 19-039) of CSIC integrated in the platform PTI Salud Global and funded by a contribution of AENA, also from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the AEI and FEDER (EU) under the grant PACSS (RTI2018-093732-BC22) and the Maria de Maeztu program for Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2017-0711). M.M. acknowledges financial support of the Sorbonne Universite´ Emergence project RISKFLOW. E.P., L. G., C.C. and M.T. gratefully acknowledge the support of the Lagrange Project of the ISI Foundation funded by CRT Foundation. P.B. acknowledges support from Intesa Sanpaolo Innovation Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

We suggest a method for fast and robust quantum-state transfer in a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain, which exploits the use of next-to-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions. The proposed quantum protocol combines a rapid change in the topological edge state, induced by a modulation of nearest-neighbor interactions, with a fine-tuning of NNN interactions operating a counterdiabatic driving which cancels nonadiabatic excitations. We use this shortcut technique on the edge states in order to obtain a quantum state transfer on a single dimerized chain and also through an interface that connects two dimerized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains with different topological order. We investigate the robustness of this protocol against both uncorrelated and correlated disorder and demonstrate its strong resilience to the former. We show that introducing spatial correlations in the disorder increases the robustness of the protocol, widening the range of its applicability. In comparison to traditional adiabatic methods, the short transfer time enabled by the NNN protocol in the SSH chains drastically improves the fidelity of the quantum state transfer., This work is part of the INCT-IQ from CNPq. F.M.D.A., F.A.P., and F.I. acknowledge support from the agencies CNPq (Grants Universal Faixa B No. 403366/20160 and No. 409994/2018-9), CAPES, and FAPERJ. This work is also funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche through Grant No. ANR-18-CE30-0013 (D.G.-O.). S.L. acknowledges the Spanish State Research Agency through the Severo Ochoa and María de Maeztu Program for Centers and Units of Excellence in R&D (Grant No. MDM-2017-0711).

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been holding the world hostage for more than a year now. Mobility is key to viral spreading and its restriction is the main non-pharmaceutical interventions to fight the virus expansion. Previous works have shown a connection between the structural organization of cities and the movement patterns of their residents. This puts urban centers in the focus of epidemic surveillance and interventions. Here we show that the organization of urban flows has a tremendous impact on disease spreading and on the amenability of different mitigation strategies. By studying anonymous and aggregated intra-urban flows in a variety of cities in the United States and other countries, and a combination of empirical analysis and analytical methods, we demonstrate that the response of cities to epidemic spreading can be roughly classified in two major types according to the overall organization of those flows. Hierarchical cities, where flows are concentrated primarily between mobility hotspots, are particularly vulnerable to the rapid spread of epidemics. Nevertheless, mobility restrictions in such types of cities are very effective in mitigating the spread of a virus. Conversely, in sprawled cities which present many centers of activity, the spread of an epidemic is much slower, but the response to mobility restrictions is much weaker and less effective. Investing resources on early monitoring and prompt ad-hoc interventions in more vulnerable cities may prove helpful in containing and reducing the impact of future pandemics., M.M. is funded by the Conselleria d’Innovació, Recerca i Turisme of the Government of the Balearic Islands and the European Social Fund with grant code FPI/2090/2018. J.A., M.M., S.Meloni and J.J.R. also acknowledge funding from the project Distancia-COVID (CSIC-COVID-19) of the CSIC funded by a contribution of AENA, from the project PACSS RTI2018-093732-B-C22 of the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by EU through FEDER funds (A way to make Europe), and also from the Maria de Maeztu program MDM-2017-0711 of the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/. M.M. acknowledges the financial support of the Sorbonne Université Emergence project RISKFLOW. A.B. and V.N. acknowledge support from the UK EPSRC New Investigator Award Grant No. EP/S027920/1. G.G., S.H. and S. Mimar acknowledge support from from NSF Grant IIS-2029095 and the US Army Research Office under Agreement Number W911NF-18-1-0421. A.K. is supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship through the Department of Defense.

[Aim] Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) within natural plant communities can be large, influencing local ecological processes and dynamics. Here, we shed light on how ITV in vegetative and floral traits responds to large‐scale abiotic and biotic gradients (i.e., climate and species richness). Specifically, we tested whether associations of ITV with temperature, precipitation and species richness were consistent with any of four hypotheses relating to stress tolerance and competition. Furthermore, we estimated the degree of correlation between ITV in vegetative and floral traits and how they vary along the gradients., [Location] Global., [Time period] 1975–2016., [Major taxa studied] Herbaceous and woody plants., [Methods] We compiled a dataset of 18,401 measurements of the absolute extent of ITV (measured as the coefficient of variation) in nine vegetative and seven floral traits from 2,822 herbaceous and woody species at 2,372 locations., [Results] Large‐scale associations between ITV and climate were trait specific and more prominent for vegetative traits, especially leaf morphology, than for floral traits. The ITV showed pronounced associations with climate, with lower ITV values in colder areas and higher values in drier areas. The associations of ITV with species richness were inconsistent across traits. Species‐specific associations across gradients were often idiosyncratic, and covariation in ITV was weaker between vegetative and floral traits than within the two trait groups. [Main conclusions] Our results show that, depending on the traits considered, ITV either increased or decreased with climate stress and species richness, suggesting that both factors can constrain or enhance ITV, which might foster plant‐population persistence in stressful conditions. Given the species‐specific responses and covariation in ITV, associations can be hard to predict for traits and species not yet studied. We conclude that consideration of ITV can improve our understanding of how plants cope with stressful conditions and environmental change across spatial and biological scales., Open Access funding was provided by Ulm University under the DEAL‐agreement.

Seasonal influenza surveillance is usually carried out by sentinel general practitioners (GPs) who compile weekly reports based on the number of influenza-like illness (ILI) clinical cases observed among visited patients. This traditional practice for surveillance generally presents several issues, such as a delay of one week or more in releasing reports, population biases in the health-seeking behaviour, and the lack of a common definition of ILI case. On the other hand, the availability of novel data streams has recently led to the emergence of non-traditional approaches for disease surveillance that can alleviate these issues. In Europe, a participatory web-based surveillance system called Influenzanet represents a powerful tool for monitoring seasonal influenza epidemics thanks to aid of self-selected volunteers from the general population who monitor and report their health status through Internet-based surveys, thus allowing a real-time estimate of the level of influenza circulating in the population. In this work, we propose an unsupervised probabilistic framework that combines time series analysis of self-reported symptoms collected by the Influenzanet platforms and performs an algorithmic detection of groups of symptoms, called syndromes. The aim of this study is to show that participatory web-based surveillance systems are capable of detecting the temporal trends of influenza-like illness even without relying on a specific case definition. The methodology was applied to data collected by Influenzanet platforms over the course of six influenza seasons, from 2011-2012 to 2016-2017, with an average of 34,000 participants per season. Results show that our framework is capable of selecting temporal trends of syndromes that closely follow the ILI incidence rates reported by the traditional surveillance systems in the various countries (Pearson correlations ranging from 0.69 for Italy to 0.88 for the Netherlands, with the sole exception of Ireland with a correlation of 0.38). The proposed framework was able to forecast quite accurately the ILI trend of the forthcoming influenza season (2016-2017) based only on the available information of the previous years (2011-2016). Furthermore, to broaden the scope of our approach, we applied it both in a forecasting fashion to predict the ILI trend of the 2016-2017 influenza season (Pearson correlations ranging from 0.60 for Ireland and UK, and 0.85 for the Netherlands) and also to detect gastrointestinal syndrome in France (Pearson correlation of 0.66). The final result is a near-real-time flexible surveillance framework not constrained by any specific case definition and capable of capturing the heterogeneity in symptoms circulation during influenza epidemics in the various European countries., The authors declare no competing financial interests. D.Pa. and D.Pe. acknowledge support from H2020 FETPROACT-GSS CIMPLEX Grant No. 641191. KK, CC, D.Pa., D.Pe., Y.M. and M.D. acknowledge support from the Lagrange Project of the Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation (ISI Foundation) funded by Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Torino (Fondazione CRT). Y.M. acknowledges support from the Government of Aragon, Spain through a grant to the group FENOL and by Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (Grant No. FIS2017-87519-P). S.M. acknowledges support from the Spanish State Research Agency, through the María de Maeztu Program for Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2017-0711 to the IFISC Institute).

Neurons can anticipate incoming signals by exploiting a physiological mechanism that is not well understood. This article offers a novel explanation on how a receiver neuron can predict the sender's dynamics in a unidirectionally-coupled configuration, in which both sender and receiver follow the evolution of a multi-scale excitable system. We present a novel theoretical viewpoint based on a mathematical object, called canard, to explain anticipation in excitable systems. We provide a numerical approach, which allows to determine the transient effects of canards. To demonstrate the general validity of canard-mediated anticipation in the context of excitable systems, we illustrate our framework in two examples, a multi-scale radio-wave circuit (the van der Pol model) that inspired a caricature neuronal model (the FitzHugh-Nagumo model) and a biophysical neuronal model (a 2-dimensional reduction of the Hodgkin-Huxley model), where canards act as messengers to the senders' prediction. We also propose an experimental paradigm that would enable experimental neuroscientists to validate our predictions. We conclude with an outlook to possible fascinating research avenues to further unfold the mechanisms underpinning anticipation. We envisage that our approach can be employed by a wider class of excitable systems with appropriate theoretical extensions., E.K.E. was supported by the ERC Advanced Grant NerVi No. 227747. S.R. was supported by Ikerbasque (The Basque Foundation for Science) and from the Basque Excellence Research Centers (BERC).

The gathering and harmonisation of international statistical data in a multidisciplinary environment are key to international comparative analysis and policy work. The availability of timely, accurate statistical information enables policy-makers, practitioners, researchers and other stakeholders to address a wide range of issues in today’s rapidly-evolving global economic and social landscape.The use of traditional data such as official administrative statistics however has some shortcomings. Traditional data in general takes long to be published and used because they are subject to a long technical and sometimes political process of harmonization and validation. Also, traditional data does not cover all topics of interest for territorial cohesion.Increasingly, data and information from analysing internet activities or social media can be used for observing territorial development trends. New developments for the availability and use of big data may help to overcome the shortcomings and bring new and interesting opportunities to support policy with up-to-date information relevant for territorial analysis.Currently, the interest from policy makers is growing as the sources for Big Data (Facebook, Google, Twitter, Instagram or blogs for example) contain valuable information, which can normally be hard to gather, and these data can be collected with very short notice. This means that Big Data could provide a more regular, cost-effective and harmonised data collection and provide an opportunity to more easily address new issues of interest.The aim of this ESPON activity is to further develop ways and methodologies for using existing big data sources and platforms to develop and measure indicators for territorial monitoring and analysis. In addition, these methodologies should be applied for indicators measuring the housing dynamics in European cities and the wellbeing of European citizens, in particular related to their housing and living situation. Finally, these methodologies should be made available and applicable to others for measuring these and other aspects in cities.

Information on ESPON and its projects can be found on www.espon.eu. The web site provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects.

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-AMOS; International audience

Fuelled by the increasing importance of cephalopod fisheries in Europe, scientists and stakeholders have demanded their assessment and management. However, little has been done to improve the data collection under the EU Data Collection Framework (DCF) in order to analyse cephalopod populations. While the DCF allows member states to design flexible national sampling programmes, it establishes the minimum data requirements (MDR) each state is obliged to fulfil. This study was performed to investigate whether such MDR currently set by the DCF allow the application of depletion models (DMs) to assess European cephalopod stocks. Squid and cuttlefish fisheries from the western Mediterranean were used as a case study. This study sheds doubt on the suitability of the MDR to properly assess and manage cephalopod stocks by means of DMs. Owing to the high plasticity of life-history traits in cephalopod populations, biological parameters should be estimated during the actual depletion period of the fished stocks, rather than performing triennial sampling as established by the DCF. In order to accurately track the depletion event, the rapid growth rates of cephalopods implies that their populations should be monitored at shorter time scales (ideally weekly or biweekly) instead of quarterly as specified by the DCF. These measures would not require additional resources of the ongoing DCF but a redistribution of sampling efforts during the depletion period. Such changes in the sampling scheme could be designed and undertaken by the member states or directly integrated as requirements., This study was performed under the Data Collection Framework (cofunded by the EU and the Spanish Institute of Oceanography, IEO) and the CONFLICT project (CGL2008-958; funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation). SK was financed by an IEO-FPI grant (2011/11)