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Introduction: The injudicious use of Topical corticosteroid (TC) over the face has resulted in various complications, encountered day to day. Indian market is flooded with more than 18 different steroid molecules. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 patients at a tertiary care centre. A pre-structured proforma was used to collect socio-demographic details of the subjects with facial dermatoses due to TC misuse for more than 2 weeks. Results: The commonest age group affected was 20-21 years (78.2%) with mostly females (70.6%). Frequent indication for application of TC was melasma (50.0%), Acne (24.1%) and others. Subjects (40.6%) brought a combination of TCs over the counter as a suggestion from friends & relatives. Cutaneous findings of TSDF were exacerbation of pre-existing melasma (41.2%). Conclusion: The results of this study underline the need of strict laws. Futher, awareness creation among patients and primary care physicians should be given prime importance to prevent the epidemic.

ABSTRACT An odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract is considered an uncommon skin lesion resulting from a dental infection. In most cases of periapical abscesses, the sinus tract emerges intraorally, but rarely may appear on the cutaneous surface. The nonspecific clinical symptoms and diverse appearance of such lesions can lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment of patients. In cases of non‐healing facial lesions, it is recommended to consider referring the patient for a comprehensive dental examination to prevent inappropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:The prevalence of facial dermatoses varies with the level of awareness, socio-economic status, geographic area, climatic condition, and various other factors. It is important to identify all facial dermatoses to elaborate on the treatment of these apparent pathologies. Hence this study has been undertaken to determine various skin disorders, their epidemiological and clinical aspects predominantly affecting the face in our setup? Research Question: What is the epidemiology and the clinical presentation of various skin disorders affecting the face? The setting of the study was at department of Dermatology, Government General Hospital, Government Medical College, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh. A one year observational study was conducted during the period from October 2022 to November 2023 on about 200 patients of various facial skin disorders attended to DVL OPD during the above period in the department of Dermatology by studying their socio-demographic profiles, Type of skin lesions, clinical pattern and associated risk factors etc. Results: The majority of patients in the present study were belonged to 20-29 years (23.5%), followed by 40-49 years (19.5%), 30-39 years (17%),10-19 years (17%), 50-59 years (9%), <10 years (8%), and > 60 years (6 %). In the above study females were more in number (56%) when compared to males (44%) and the mean age of the study subjects was 31.9 years. Among total facial dermatoses patients majority were Pigmentary disorders (29%) followed by Acne, Rosacea and perioral dermatitis (19.5%), Infections (19.7%), Eczemas (13%) and Miscellaneous (10.5%) and Tumors (9%) etc. And among all, the most common presentation is melasma. About 24% of patients were agriculture labourers, followed by housewives (21.5%), students (20%), daily-wage workers (19%), professionals like teachers and other employees (9%), and the least incidence was seen among children <5 years(6.5%) and the most common type of lesion was patches 67 (23.5%), followed by papules 56 (21.05%), and the least presentations were erosions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: We report on a 2‐year‐old boy whose initially inconspicuous skin lesions later on evolved into a typical clinical presentation of benign cephalic histiocytosis (BCH). The diagnosis of BCH can often be made on clinical grounds without the need for an extensive diagnostic work‐up. Given the benign and self‐limited course of the disease treatment is not required and the clinical management can be limited to a watchful waiting approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosacea is a facial inflammatory disorder that shows an increasing incidence with age. While rosacea is common > 60 years of age, pediatric rosacea is uncommon. Diagnostic criteria are based on clinical symptoms. Laboratory investigations and histopathology are only needed to exclude other differential diagnoses. There are several subtypes such as erythemato-telangiectatic, papulo-pustular, periorificial, and granulomatous variants. In contrast to adult rosacea, phymatous subtypes do not belong to pediatric rosacea. A special subtype seen in infants and children is an idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Treatment options are in analogy to adult rosacea classified into topical and systemic drugs. In the case of oral tetracyclines, discoloration of teeth and impairment of enamel are possible adverse events. Conclusion: Pediatric rosacea belongs to the rosacea spectrum but has peculiarities compared to the adult subtype. What is Known: • Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder different from acne. • Rosacea gets more common with advanced age. What is New: • Pediatric rosacea is an uncommon subtype with peculiar clinical presentation. • Demodicosis is very rare in immunocompetent children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Facial skin disorders are a major health problem affecting a high proportion of the population in India. Facial skin disorders can place a heavy emotional and psychological burden on patients that may be far worse than the physical impact. Increased consciousness especially among the youth of their body and beauty further aggravates their anxiety. Many factors determine the pattern and prevalence of Facial skin disorders among the youth such as gender, race, personal hygiene, quality of skin care, environmental milieu and diet. Materials an methods: This is an observational study was conducted in all age group patients attending at Department of DVL, Government General Hospital, Guntur for a Period of one year from Dec. 2021 to Dec. 2022. Total 424 patients with facial dermatoses belonging to age group birth to old age above and both sexes were randomly selected and included in the study after taking their consent. Result: Total 424 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed Facial skin disorders attending outpatient department, Government General Hospital, Guntur are examined and data were recorded. In this study, most common facial dermatoses are pigmentary disorders (29.9%), of which melasma constituted the most common, followed by acne, rosacea, and perioral dermatitis (20.3%). 14.6% are infections and 12.7% are eczemas. There is a wide variation in the age group of the cases. In this study, we observed that maximum number of cases are students connective tissue disorders involve Facial skin disorders Conclusion: This study was undertaken to assess the nature and extent of the involvement of the face in various dermatoses at different age and sex. Though the prevalence of various diseases is well known, very few studies exist which have studied face involvement in these. The patients seen in our study were cross sectioned from all age group, both sexes, different socioeconomic status, as well as various geographical areas. It is thus felt that this study provides an insight into various aspects of facial dermatoses encountered in day to day practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundHeterozygous mutations in caspase recruitment domain family member 14 gene (CARD14) have been shown to be associated with psoriasis and familial pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP). Many subjects with CARD14 mutations display features of both disorders, which can result in diagnostic uncertainty. In addition, these eruptions are often recalcitrant to conventional psoriasis therapies such as methotrexate, oral retinoids, and tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors.ObjectiveWe sought to describe the clinical characteristics, family history, and response to therapy in subjects with papulosquamous eruptions due to mutations in CARD14.MethodsSubjects were referred for genetic testing as part of a registry of subjects with inherited disorders of keratinization. DNA was isolated from blood or saliva, and multiplex targeted sequencing or whole exome sequencing was performed. Clinical histories of subjects with CARD14 mutations were reviewed.ResultsWe identified 15 kindreds with CARD14-associated papulosquamous eruption (CAPE). Characteristic features of CAPE include early age of onset; prominent involvement of the cheeks, chin, and ears; family history of psoriasis or PRP; minimal response to conventional topical and systemic psoriasis therapies; and improvement with ustekinumab.LimitationsRelatively small sample size.ConclusionsMany subjects with CARD14 mutations display characteristics of both psoriasis and PRP. We propose the term CARD14-associated papulosquamous eruption to describe this spectrum of disease. Subjects with clinical features suggestive of CAPE should undergo CARD14 sequencing and may benefit from treatment with ustekinumab.

Introduction Topical steroid damaged/dependent face (TSDF) is defined as the semi-permanent or permanent damage to the skin of the face precipitated by the irrational, indiscriminate, or prolonged use of topical corticosteroids (TCs), resulting in various cutaneous signs and symptoms and psychological dependence on the drug. The objective was to determine the clinical spectrum of TSDF. Methods This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted between May 2021 and April 2022, comprising 100 consecutive patients of TC-induced facial dermatoses who visited the skin and venereal disease OPD of a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Any case with a negative history of TC abuse was excluded from the study. Result The study included 100 subjects of TSDF. Females outnumbered males and the age of the patients ranged from 12 to 55 years with a mean age of 27.6 ± 10.07 years. The majority of patients used TCs on the face for pre-existing acne (41%), followed by melasma (20%). Over-the-counter (63%) was the most common method of acquiring TCs, followed by prescriptions from non-qualified persons (17%) and those provided by friends and relatives (9%). Mometasone (41%) was found to be the most commonly misused TC, followed by clobetasol (31%), and betamethasone (29%). The most common morphological presentation was erythema (42%), followed by acneiform eruptions (22%), steroid-induced rosacea (21%), hyperpigmentation (20%), hypertrichosis (5%) and perioral dermatitis (3%). Conclusion This study highlights the impact of misuse of TCs on the face in a single-center setting and provides a detailed description of the associated factors. Such studies could play a crucial role in addressing this issue. Moreover, strict enforcement of regulations on pharmaceutical companies and non-qualified individuals prescribing TCs could help in decreasing this growing health hazard., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Hind Institute of Medical Sciences issued approval HIMS/IRB/2020-21/82. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Sharma et al.)

The face is the most prominent part of the body. Facial blemishes and disorders directly reflect a person's physical appearance, cosmesis and self-image. They may contribute to dysmorphism and even lead to depression in susceptible individuals, especially women. Early identification and management of facial skin disorders are therefore important. The aim: To study the clinical pattern and epidemiological determinants of facial dermatoses among females above 10 years. Methods: The study was carried out at Mediciti Medical sciences from 2014 to 2017; institutional ethical clearance was obtained (dated 7/2//2015 with registration number FWA00002684) A total of 500 female patients with facial dermatoses, aged 10 to 85 years, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study for 18 months. Detailed history and clinical examination findings were recorded in a structured proforma. Patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were excluded. In addition, woods lamp examination, skin scrapings for potassium hydroxide mount, skin biopsy and other relevant investigations were done as required. Results: A total of 500 patients were enrolled. The majority were in the 4th and 5th decades. Pigmentary dermatoses were highest, melasma predominating. Immunobullous dermatoses formed the smallest group. Occupation-wise, the majority were agricultural labourers. Many dermatoses, especially melasma, were related to occupation and lifestyle with photo-aggravation, cosmetics use and stress. Conclusion: This study assessed the pattern of facial dermatoses among the female clientele of this institution. Hyperpigmentary dermatoses, especially melasma, emerged as the most common dermatosis for which treatment was sought. This study assessed the pattern and epidemiologic determinants of facial dermatoses in female patients in a rural Tertiary hospital at Ghanpur, Telangana. Melasma was the most frequent dermatosis for which treatment was sought. Larger population-based studies would determine the actual socioeconomic burden of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notable milestones in the treatment of vascular lesions have been achieved over the past century. Many cutaneous vascular lesions can be successfully treated with lightbased devices. In this review, we will discuss the treatment of port-wine birthmarks, lymphatic malformations, infantile hemangiomas, rosacea, venous lakes, pyogenic granulomas, cherry angiomas, and angiofibromas using lasers, total reflection amplification of spontaneous emission of radiation, intense pulsed light, and photodynamic therapy. In addition, for several of these diagnoses, we will review medical therapies that can be combined with light-based devices to provide enhanced results.

BackgroundFacial port-wine stains (PWS) are considered by some an aesthetic skin problem, yet impact on quality of life (QoL) has not been objectively documented.ObjectiveWe sought to (1) characterize the effect of PWS on QoL in adults, (2) to identify the clinical and demographic factors that affect QoL, and (3) to compare our results with QoL studies in other skin conditions.MethodsIn total, 244 adults with facial PWS completed an online QoL survey, which included the Skindex-29 instrument.ResultsQoL in adults with facial PWS was diminished, especially from an emotional perspective. Variables associated with reduced QoL in all Skindex-29 subdomains included comorbid depression, limited facial mobility, and presence of other skin conditions. Persons with hypertrophy had more emotional and symptomatic impairment. The composite dermatologic-specific QoL scores were similar to those of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, rosacea, alopecia, and vitiligo.LimitationsSelection bias was a potential limitation, as participants were primarily recruited from patient support groups.ConclusionOur analysis demonstrates that the presence of a facial PWS has a significant negative impact on QoL. Dermatologists caring for patients with PWS should inquire about QoL, provide appropriate support and resources, and consider QoL when discussing treatment options and obtaining authorization for these procedures.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, the increased use of PPEs may lead to facial skin complaints. Aims: This survey study aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on facial dermatoses and complaints. Methods: A total of 1017 volunteers (age 18–60 years), consisting of healthcare workers, participated in the study. In the present study, healthcare professionals were screened for facial dermatoses and complaints between 1 and 15 April 2021 with an online survey. Results: The vast majority of the survey were women (82.4%) and between 26 and 35 years old (49.2%). The most new‐onset facial complaints were acne (25.3%) and lip dryness (29.2%). Along with the pandemic, 50.9% of patients with seborrheic dermatitis had an increase in lesions. Another remarkable result was a 60.5% increase in acne complaints. Moreover, the rate of exacerbations of rosacea, melasma, and lip dryness was increased after the COVID‐19 pandemic (39.1%, 22.0%, and 42.7%, respectively). Exacerbations of seborrheic dermatitis, acne, and lip dryness have occurred more frequently in females when compared to males (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The current pandemic has had serious impacts on facial dermatoses which had to be managed carefully. Compared to the pre‐pandemic period, there was a significant increase in the frequency and severity of complaints in facial dermatoses related to PPE. If the complaints that may develop due to PPE are known in advance, their development can be prevented by taking precautions against them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the frequency of skin manifestations associated with prolonged mask wearing during the course of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Sindh Medical University (JSMU), Karachi. A total of 138 medical students, who gave history of wearing masks were enrolled. The demographic data including age, gender, and their year of education was collected. A total of 20 questions were asked related to the type of mask, duration of wearing mask, associated and underlying skin disorders, etc. All information was carefully recorded on Google forms. Results This study included 138 participants, 124 (89.9%) females and 14 (10.1%) males. The type of masks used by the medical students varied, however 84.8% used surgical masks. The average duration of mask wear was 4 hours for 72.4% of the participants. There was no significant relation between skin changes and the type and duration of mask wear. The common skin manifestations reported in this study were itching (24.6 %), redness (27.5%), rash (10.1%), burning sensation (12.3%), acne (24.6%), pimples (37.7%), pigmentation (8.7), cracked skin (1.4%), scaling of skin (2.9%), and 29.7% reported no changes. The most frequently affected locations were cheeks (41.3%), followed by chin (13.8%), nasal bridge (10.1%) and perioral area (8%). Participants with history of atopic dermatitis were affected slightly more by itching, redness, rash, burning sensation, acne than those without a history of atopic dermatitis however these manifestations had no significant relation (p>0.05). Pressure bruises were reported in 23.9% of the participants and there was no significant relation with the skin manifestations. About 33% of the females who use makeup under the mask found it inconvenient due to pimples and itching. (p<0.05). Relationship between different skin types and use of cleansers for maintaining skin hygiene generally (p=0.006) and after taking mask off is significant (p=0.034). Significant relation exists between people experiencing pimples after taking off masks and using oral/systemic drugs (p=0.003), and other products (ice cubes, day cream, steroids, skincare regime) for management (p=0.012). Significant relation exists between acne after taking off mask and use of topical drugs (p=0.034). Conclusion The increase in skin manifestations is associated with the increased use of face masks during the COVID 19 pandemic among medical students. As mask wearing can't be compromised due to the nature of the working environment, certain guidelines need to be established to prevent or reduce the occurrence of such manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic, using face masks became mandatory in many countries. Although evidence suggests that masks can exacerbate several inflammatory skin diseases, few studies focus on their real impact on eczema localized to the face in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate facial eczema prevalence during pandemic and its psychological impact in AD patients pre‐assessed for systemic treatment and/or in therapy with dupilumab. This study includes 71 patients affected by moderate–severe AD, treated with dupilumab at SCDU of Dermatology in Novara, Italy. We calculated the number of subjects with facial involvement in pre‐ and post‐pandemic periods and the related localization trend. We evaluated, in the two groups, clinical and psychological indicators recorded at each visit and the score modifications during the observational period. No statistically significant differences were observed in facial eczema prevalence, between pre‐ and post‐pandemic periods (p = 0.7618) and in facial eczema remission among the two groups (p = 0.1903). In post‐pandemic period, psychological scores were significantly lower (DLQI and HADS respectively with p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0025) and the reduction in EASI score during observational period was significantly greater (p = 0.0001). Our analysis revealed a potential protective effect of masks on face eczema, suggesting that they could enhance dupilumab efficacy. Face masks, covering sensitive areas, can positively contribute to mental distress in patients with facial eczema, and being associated with a lower allergic diseases incidence may sustain dupilumab in reducing AD severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The clinical implications of facial involvement in pediatric patients with psoriasis have not been adequately studied. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the association between facial involvement and clinical features including disease severity of psoriasis in children and adolescents. Methods: The clinical features of patients aged below 20 years diagnosed with psoriasis were retrospectively evaluated and grouped based on the presence or absence of facial involvement at presentation. Demographic and clinical data were compared between groups. Results: Of the 175 patients, 110 patients (62.9%) had facial involvement of psoriasis at presentation. The group with facial involvement was significantly younger at disease onset (p =.032) and had a higher body mass index (BMI) (p =.043) and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score (p <.001). The severity of pruritus was significantly higher in the facial than in the non‐facial group (p =.020). Involvement of the nose was associated with the highest disease severity as assessed by the PASI score and affected body surface area. A significantly higher number of treatment modalities were used in the facial group than in the non‐facial group (p =.013). The BMI (odds ratio (OR), 1.39; 95% CI (confidence interval), 1.07–1.80) and PASI score (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03–2.03) were independent factors associated with facial involvement of psoriasis. Conclusions: Facial involvement in psoriasis was associated with higher disease severity and more treatment modalities in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mask use can lead to facial dermatoses due to factors, such as hyperhydration, seborrhea, high humidity caused by sweating, and the occlusive effect of the mask. Aim: We investigated mask‐related facial dermatoses in healthcare personnel who, since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, had to wear a mask for long hours. Methods: In this study, healthcare professionals working at Medipol Mega University Hospital since the beginning of the pandemic were screened for facial dermatoses between December 2020 and February 2021 with a dermatological examination and interview. Results: Of the 101 healthcare professionals, 51 (50.5%) were doctors and 50 (49.5%) nurses, and 36 (35.6%) were male and 65 (64.4%) were female. All the participants had been actively working at the hospital for 35–46 weeks since the beginning of the pandemic and wearing N95 or surgical masks for an average of 6–13 h a day. During the dermatological examination, the most common facial dermatosis was acne, which was observed in 55.4% (n = 56) of the cases. Of the 56 acne cases, 41.1% (n = 23) had acne in their history, while 58.9% (n = 33) had new‐onset acne. Being female, using a N95 surgical mask compared to surgical mask, and the daily average duration of mask use were determined as risk factors for acne development due to mask use. Conclusions: The use of masks, more frequently N95, caused both an increase in existing acne and the development of new acne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The relationship between facial dermatoses and blepharitis has been known for a long time. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the frequency of accompanying facial dermatoses in patients with blepharitis and their relationship with the severity of blepharitis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 95 patients with blepharitis were examined for attending facial dermatoses. The type of blepharitis, the severity of blepharitis, and the degree of dry eye were determined in the patients. Dermoscopic and microscopic examinations were used in the diagnosis of facial dermatoses. The history of allergic rhinitis was questioned because Demodex species frequently accompany blepharitis, facial dermatoses, and allergic rhinitis patients. Mann-Whitney U test was used compare 2 independent groups. In comparing categorical variables, Pearson chi-Squared, Fishere Exact, and Fisher-Freeman-Holton tests were used. Results: At least 1 facial dermatosis was detected in 84.2% patients, and we did not see any facial dermatosis in 15.8% ones. No patients had acne, which is one of the most common facial dermatoses. The most common facial dermatosis detected in our patients was facial demodicosis (57.9%). It was followed by seborrheic dermatitis (22.1%) and rosacea (12.6%), respectively. In addition, 2.1% of the patients had atopic eyelid dermatitis, 23.2% had a history of allergic rhinitis, and 63.2% had ocular demodicosis. Conclusions: It is essential to perform dermatological examinations of all patients with blepharitis in terms of accompanying facial dermatoses and their early diagnosis.

BackgroundThe reproducible evaluation of facial redness is critical to the assessment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Assessments have typically focused on the use of photography with the use of semi-quantitative grading scales based on evaluator rating. However, few studies have utilized computer-based algorithms to evaluate facial redness.AimThe purpose of this clinical study was to assess whether there is correlation between clinical grading of facial redness to the assessment of a quantitative computer-based facial modeling and measurement.Material and methodsIn this prospective study, a set of high-resolution facial photographs and cross-polarized subsurface photographs for erythema detection were obtained for 31 study participants. A computer algorithm was then utilized to detect and quantify facial redness in the photographs and compare this to semi-quantitative evaluator-based grading for facial redness.ResultsThere was a strong correlation between computer-based cross-polarized subsurface erythema quantification and clinical grading for redness intensity (Clinical Erythema Assessment), redness distribution, and overall redness severity (Modified Clinical Erythema Assessment).ConclusionOverall, facial redness measurements by facial imaging and computer analysis correlated well to clinical grading scales for both redness intensity and distribution. Future studies should incorporate facial modeling and analysis tools for assessments in clinical studies to introduce greater objectivity and quantitative analysis in facial erythema-based analyses.

Background Topical steroid-dependent or damaged face (TSDF) is a common condition where the widespread availability of over-the-counter topical corticosteroid (TCS)-containing products leads to their misuse and addiction. Prolonged use of these steroids on the face can result in significant side effects. Early diagnosis and cessation of steroid use are important. Dermoscopy can serve as an easy-to-use and non-invasive tool for the early diagnosis and for assessing the exact extent of damage caused by steroid misuse. Aims and objectives To observe the various clinical and demographic features of patients with TSDF, the dermoscopic features of these patients, and to find their association with the potency and duration of application of TCS. Material and methods In this observational, cross-sectional study of 250 patients (aged 12-60 years, both genders) presenting with facial dermatosis and clinical signs of TSDF, having a history of at least one month of TCS use, were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Demographic data, clinical features, and dermoscopic findings were recorded. Dermoscopic results were compared with clinical examination, TCS potency, and duration of application. Results The majority (208; 83.2%) of the patients were females, and most of them belonged to the age group of 26-35 years (87; 34.8%). Hyperpigmentation (101; 40.4%) was the most prevalent indication for TCS use in the study. The most common clinical findings included erythema, hypertrichosis, and telangiectasia. Dermoscopic findings such as linear, serpentine, polygonal, and Y-shaped vessels, along with breaking of the pseudo reticular network, red diffuse areas, Demodex tails, and comedones were significantly associated with the duration of TCS use. Linear vessels, Demodex tails, and comedones also correlated significantly with TCS potency, while most other findings did not. Conclusion Dermoscopy is a novel, non-invasive diagnostic technique for the early identification of TCS abuse. In TSDF, it confirms the diagnosis and predicts disease severity earlier than examination by the naked eye alone., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethical Committee Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research issued approval 2546. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Goel et al.)

Background: An occupational disease is any disease developing primarily as a result of exposure to risk factors arising from work activity and contributing to a significant portion of work-related diseases. Although COVID-19 is not dermatotropic, prolonged contact with personal protective equipment—that is, goggles, face shields, N95 respirators, double-layered gloves, etc.—may cause various dermatoses. Several dermatoses due to PPE have been well documented, but facial dermatoses specifically due to the use of face masks remain a relatively uncharted entity. In this study, we report preliminary data on individuals experiencing various facial dermatoses due to the use of face masks. Objective: The aim was to study the various facial dermatoses associated with the use of a face mask. Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent, individuals using a face mask were enrolled in this single-institution, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 364 participants were enrolled for the study, among which 59.3% revealed to have worn a face mask for more than six months. A majority used ear-looped N95 masks. Nine problem areas were identified in the study. Among the facial dermatoses observed, acne was the most frequently reported, followed by redness. Conclusion: In spite of contact dermatitis arising due to masks, it is recommended to use well-fitted and comfortable masks for sufficient periods of time to reduce the risk of transmission, ensure safety, and reduce maskrelated side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to enhanced hygiene procedures and use of personal protective equipment, but also to increased attention to occupational skin disease in healthcare workers. The occurrence of hand and facial skin disease in > 5,000 Swedish healthcare workers was investigated in a questionnaire survey. Levels of skin exposure related to hygiene procedures and personal protective equipment were recorded. Caring for patients with COVID-19 entailed higher levels of wet work and face mask exposures, and was associated with higher 1-year prevalence of both hand eczema (36%) and facial skin disease (32%) compared with not being directly engaged in COVID-19 care (28% and 22%, respectively). Acne and eczema were the most common facial skin diseases; for both, a dosedependent association with face mask use was found. Dose-dependent associations could be shown between hand eczema and exposure to soap and gloves, but not to alcohol-based hand disinfectants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The face extends on each side to the auricle, superiorly from an adolescent portion of the hairline and inferiorly to the chin and the base of mandible. The facial appearance determines the well being of the human psyche and self-regard. Diseases on the face have become misery, as in most societies, face is the natural body part that is visible. The facial skin differs markedly from the skin of the other regions of the body, which makes the significant reasons for the unique nature of facial dermatoses. This makes the facial dermatoses stand apart from both in terms of the clinical presentation as well as a therapeutic approach. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the at the Department of Dermatology, Tertiary care teaching Hospital from September 2020 August 2021. Patients selected will be those attending the department primarily with complaints about the conditions predominantly affecting the face, irrespective of age, sex, and immune status were included. All patients who present with the primary symptoms, suggestive of facial dermatoses, attending the OPD will be subjected to a detailed history and clinical examination. During the study period, 280 cases were selected randomly after taking their consent. Ethical clearance was obtained before commencing the study. Results: In the present study, it was observed that the majority of the patients belonged between the age group of 20-29 years(23.57%), followed by 40-49 years(19.29%), and the least incidence is seen in ≥60years. In the present study, the commonest type of lesion was patches 142(31.42%), followed by pustules 101 (22.34%), and the least presentations were erosions and bullae, each with 5 (1.11%). In the present study, out of 280 patients, 100 patients had pigmentary disorders. The most common pigmentary condition on the face was melasma 54 patients (54%), while 13 (13%) patients were diagnosed with periorbital melanosis. There were 8 (8%) cases of freckles, 7 cases (7%) of nevus of Ota, 4 cases (4%) of lichen planus pigmentosus and 3 cases (3%) each of congenital melanocytic nevus, xeroderma pigmentosum. Conclusion: Among all, pigmentary disorders are the most commonly presented, followed by acne, rosacea and perioral dermatitis, infections, and tumors. Among all conditions, melasma is the most common presentation followed by acne and dermatophyte infections. Grade II acne is the most commonly presented form and is seen often between 20 - 29 years of age. Among infections, dermatophyte infections are the most common, followed by molluscum contagiosum. Among tumors most commonly presented are dermatosis papulosa nigra, and the common age group of tumors was above 60 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]