25 results on '"F. CORBIERE"'
Search Results
2. A parallel evaluation of 5 indirect cost-effective methods for assessing failure of passive immunity transfer in neonatal calves
- Author
-
A. Mugnier, K. Pecceu, F. Schelcher, and F. Corbiere
- Subjects
Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 5 indirect methods that may be used in veterinary practices to assess the success of maternal immunoglobulins transfer in neonatal calves. Blood samples (n = 245) were collected from 2- to 6-d-old calves. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Serum total protein and albumin concentrations and γ-glutamyl transferase activity were determined by veterinary practitioners using their own biochemistry analyzer. Globulin concentration was calculated. Veterinary practitioners were also asked to assess serum total protein using a digital Brix refractometer (%Brix) and an optical refractometer (g/L). Test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were calculated using radial immunodiffusion as the reference standard, with failure of transfer of passive immunity defined as IgG
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Invited review: Improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice
- Author
-
C.M. Dwyer, J. Conington, F. Corbiere, I.H. Holmøy, K. Muri, R. Nowak, J. Rooke, J. Vipond, and J.-M. Gautier
- Subjects
neonatal mortality ,sheep ,goat ,knowledge transfer ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Neonatal mortality in small ruminant livestock has remained stubbornly unchanging over the past 40 years, and represents a significant loss of farm income, contributes to wastage and affects animal welfare. Scientific knowledge about the biology of neonatal adaptation after birth has been accumulating but does not appear to have had an impact in improving survival. In this paper, we ask what might be the reasons for the lack of impact of the scientific studies of lamb and kid mortality, and suggest strategies to move forward. Biologically, it is clear that achieving a good intake of colostrum, as soon as possible after birth, is crucial for neonatal survival. This provides fuel for thermoregulation, passive immunological protection and is involved in the development of attachment between the ewe and lamb. The behaviour of the lamb in finding the udder and sucking rapidly after birth is a key component in ensuring sufficient colostrum is ingested. In experimental studies, the main risk factors for lamb mortality are low birthweight, particularly owing to poor maternal nutrition during gestation, birth difficulty, litter size and genetics, which can all be partly attributed to their effect on the speed with which the lamb reaches the udder and sucks. Similarly, on commercial farms, low birthweight and issues with sucking were identified as important contributors to mortality. In epidemiological studies, management factors such as providing assistance with difficult births, were found to be more important than risk factors associated with housing. Social science studies suggest that farmers generally have a positive attitude to improving neonatal mortality but may differ in beliefs about how this can be achieved, with some farmers believing they had no control over early lamb mortality. Facilitative approaches, where farmers and advisors work together to develop neonatal survival strategies, have been shown to be effective in achieving management goals, such as optimising ewe nutrition, that lead to reductions in lamb mortality. We conclude that scientific research is providing useful information on the biology underpinning neonatal survival, such as optimal birthweights, lamb vigour and understanding the importance of sufficient colostrum intake, but the transfer of that knowledge would benefit from an improved understanding of the psychology of management change on farm. Developing tailored solutions, on the basis of adequate farm records, that make use of the now substantial body of scientific literature on neonatal mortality will help to achieve lower neonatal mortality.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Recherche en pathologie caprine : applications et perspectives
- Author
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H. HOSTE, N. EHRHARDT, C. PARAUD, A. RIEUX, P. MERCIER, S. VALAS, O. ANDREOLETTI, F. CORBIERE, F. SCHELCHER, C. LACROUX, R. de CREMOUX, M. ALVINERIE, and C. CHARTIER
- Subjects
Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
Les enjeux économiques liés à l’espèce caprine en Europe paraissent mineurs par rapport à ceux des filières ovines et bovines et pourraient limiter l’intérêt de recherches spécifiques en pathologie caprine. C’est pourquoi, en se fondant sur des exemples de pathologies dues aux principales classes d’agents pathogènes (prions, virus, bactéries, parasites protozoaires et helminthes) affectant les caprins et leur filière de production, cet article présente les principales recherches menées en France, les données actuelles disponibles sur la compréhension des mécanismes pathogéniques et des processus physiopathologiques, ainsi que sur le développement de gestions innovantes de ces pathologies. Il a aussi pour objectif d’illustrer l’intérêt d’études spécifiques sur les chèvres non seulement en termes de pathologie comparée chez les petits ruminants, mais aussi pour prendre en considération les contraintes d’une filière économique dynamique.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Le programme français d’éradication de la tremblante du cheptel ovin fondé sur l’utilisation de la génétique
- Author
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F. BARILLET, I. PALHIERE, J.M. ASTRUC, M. BROCHARD, M. BAELDEN, X. AGUERRE, F. FIDELLE, J.M. ARRANZ, J.P. BELLOC, M. BRIOIS, G. FREGEAT, C. SOULAS, O. ANDREOLETTI, F. CORBIERE, and F. SCHELCHER
- Subjects
Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
Les travaux conduits en ovins laitiers dès 1993 dans des élevages ovins atteints de tremblante ont permis de connaître la fréquence des allèles sensibles du gène PrP selon les races considérées, vérifier le risque accru de tremblante pour ces génotypes, et tester la faisabilité d’une sélection sur le gène PrP et son efficacité sur le risque de tremblante dans les troupeaux. Ils ont ainsi contribué à l’émergence de l’outil génétique pour éradiquer la tremblante dans les élevages atteints. Depuis 2002, le programme d’éradication de la tremblante mis en place en France par le Ministère de l’Agriculture, est fondé sur le génotypage du gène PrP : il vise à éradiquer à court et moyen terme la tremblante dans les élevages atteints, tout en renforçant la résistance génétique à moyen et long terme de l’ensemble du cheptel national, compte tenu des délais de renouvellement des cheptels femelles. Avoir choisi d’asseoir le programme national de sélection sur le dispositif existant d’amélioration génétique du cheptel national, organisé dans le cadre de la loi de l’Elevage de 1966, est manifestement un point clé pour expliquer la mise en oeuvre rapide et efficace du programme dès la première année, confirmant la mobilisation massive de tous les maîtres d’oeuvre des schémas de sélection des ovins en France : les évolutions conjointes constatées pour les fréquences alléliques en faveur de l’allèle ARR, les index de sélection pour les caractères de production et les indicateurs de gestion de la variabilité génétique sont une bonne illustration de l’application des objectifs assignés aux programmes de sélection. L’encadrement national, conduit par l’INRA, l’Institut de l’Elevage et France UPRa Sélection (Unité de Promotion et de sélection de Race), s’attachera, dans les prochaines années, à vérifier et à aider à la mise en oeuvre des quatre objectifs du programme national de sélection, en particulier la fourniture de reproducteurs résistants pour les élevages atteints, la gestion de la variabilité génétique dans les noyaux de sélection et la diffusion vers les élevages de production. Ce programme repose sur les points clés d’universalité de la résistance génétique à la tremblante en situation de contamination naturelle et d’absence de porteurs sains, qu’il faudra en permanence continuer de valider.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Local low‐intensity vibration improves healing of muscle injury in mice
- Author
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Thomas F. Corbiere and Timothy J. Koh
- Subjects
cell culture ,mechanical stimulation ,mouse model ,muscle repair ,skeletal muscle injury ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Abstract Recovery from traumatic muscle injuries is typically prolonged and incomplete. Our previous study demonstrated that whole‐body low‐intensity vibration (LIV) enhances healing in a mouse laceration model. We sought to determine whether locally applied LIV (a) improves muscle repair following injury in mice and (b) is directly transduced by cultured muscle cells, via increased IGF‐1 activity. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to laceration of the gastrocnemius muscle and were treated with LIV applied directly to the lower leg for 30 min/day or non‐LIV sham treatment (controls) for 7 or 14 days. LIV was also applied to differentiating myotubes in culture for 30 min/day for 3 or 6 days. Compared with control mice, LIV increased myofiber cross‐sectional area, diameter, and percent area of peripherally nucleated fibers, and decreased percent damaged area after 14 days of treatment. In cultured myotubes, LIV increased fusion and diameter compared with controls after 6 days of treatment. These LIV‐induced effects were associated with increased total Akt on day 7 in injured muscle and on day 3 in myotubes, whereas phosphorylated‐to‐total Akt ratio increased on day 14 in injured muscle and on day 6 in myotubes but were not associated with increased IGF‐1 levels at any time point. These changes were also associated with LIV‐induced suppression of FOXO1 and Atrogin‐1 gene expression at day 7 in injured muscle. These findings demonstrate that muscle cells can directly transduce LIV signals into increased growth and differentiation, and this effect is associated with increased Akt signaling.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Low-Intensity Vibration Improves Muscle Healing in a Mouse Model of Laceration Injury
- Author
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Thomas F. Corbiere, Timothy J. Koh, Eileen M. Weinheimer-Haus, and Stefan Judex
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,Histology ,H&E stain ,laceration ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Stimulation ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gastrocnemius muscle ,0302 clinical medicine ,Rheumatology ,Trichrome ,Fibrosis ,medicine ,Myocyte ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Low intensity vibration ,Uncategorized ,muscle regeneration ,business.industry ,fibrosis ,skeletal muscle injury ,virus diseases ,030229 sport sciences ,medicine.disease ,low-intensity vibration ,030104 developmental biology ,Traumatic injury ,Anesthesia ,lcsh:RC925-935 ,Anatomy ,business - Abstract
Recovery from traumatic muscle injuries is typically prolonged and incomplete, leading to impaired muscle and joint function. We sought to determine whether mechanical stimulation via whole-body low-intensity vibration (LIV) could (1) improve muscle regeneration and (2) reduce muscle fibrosis following traumatic injury. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a laceration of the gastrocnemius muscle and were treated with LIV (0.2 g at 90 Hz or 0.4 g at 45 Hz for 30 min/day) or non-LIV sham treatment (controls) for seven or 14 days. Muscle regeneration and fibrosis were assessed in hematoxylin and eosin or Masson’s trichrome stained muscle cryosections, respectively. Compared to non-LIV control mice, the myofiber cross-sectional area was larger in mice treated with each LIV protocol after 14 days of treatment. Minimum fiber diameter was also larger in mice treated with LIV of 90 Hz/0.2 g after 14 days of treatment. There was also a trend toward a reduction in collagen deposition after 14 days of treatment with 45 Hz/0.4 g (p = 0.059). These findings suggest that LIV may improve muscle healing by enhancing myofiber growth and reducing fibrosis. The LIV-induced improvements in muscle healing suggest that LIV may represent a novel therapeutic approach for improving the healing of traumatic muscle injuries.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Increased skin blood flow during low intensity vibration in human participants: Analysis of control mechanisms using short-time Fourier transform
- Author
-
Yi Ting Tzen, Timothy J. Koh, Eileen M. Weinheimer-Haus, and Thomas F. Corbiere
- Subjects
Male ,Critical Care and Emergency Medicine ,Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Body Temperature ,Endocrinology ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,0302 clinical medicine ,Heart Rate ,Blood Flow ,Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Spinal Cord Injury ,lcsh:Science ,Spinal cord injury ,Trauma Medicine ,Skin ,Uncategorized ,Multidisciplinary ,Fourier Analysis ,Physics ,Short-time Fourier transform ,Classical Mechanics ,Middle Aged ,Laser Doppler velocimetry ,Body Fluids ,Blood ,Physiological Parameters ,Neurology ,Physical Sciences ,Cardiology ,Engineering and Technology ,Female ,Anatomy ,Traumatic Injury ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrine Disorders ,Vibration Engineering ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Vibration ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,Diabetes Mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Low intensity vibration ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Blood flow ,medicine.disease ,Metabolic Disorders ,lcsh:Q ,Skin Temperature ,business ,Neurotrauma ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Aim Investigate the immediate effect of low intensity vibration on skin blood flow and its underlying control mechanisms in healthy human participants. Materials and methods One-group pre-post design in a university laboratory setting. Nine adults underwent two bouts of 10-minute vibration (30Hz, peak acceleration 0.4g). Outcome measures include skin blood flow, and skin temperature on the right foot. To examine the control mechanisms underlying the vibration-induced blood flow response, SHORT-TIME Fourier analyses were computed to obtain the spectral densities for three frequency bands: metabolic (0.0095–0.02Hz), neurogenic (0.02–0.06Hz), and myogenic (0.06–0.15Hz). Non-parametric Friedman’s tests were computed to compare changes of the outcome measures and control mechanisms over the course of vibration. Results Vibration increased skin blood flow during both bouts of vibration, however the effect did not last after vibration was terminated. Myogenic spectral density increased during both bouts of vibration, whereas the metabolic and neurogenic spectral densities increased only during the 2nd bout of vibration. Interestingly, only the metabolic spectral density remained elevated after vibration ended. Conclusion Low intensity vibration produced acute increases in skin blood flow mediated in part by vascular control mechanisms of myogenic origin. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether low intensity vibration induces similar increases in skin blood flow in populations prone to developing chronic non-healing wounds, such as spinal cord injury and diabetes.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Local low‐intensity vibration improves healing of muscle injury in mice
- Author
-
Thomas F. Corbiere and Timothy J. Koh
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Skeletal Muscle ,Physiology ,mouse model ,Muscle Proteins ,FOXO1 ,Muscular Conditions, Disorders and Treatments ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Vibration ,lcsh:Physiology ,Signalling Pathways ,Cell Line ,Myoblasts ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gastrocnemius muscle ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Gene expression ,medicine ,muscle repair ,Animals ,Regeneration ,Myocyte ,Low intensity vibration ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,mechanical stimulation ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Protein kinase B ,Original Research ,cell culture ,SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,Forkhead Box Protein O1 ,Myogenesis ,business.industry ,skeletal muscle injury ,virus diseases ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,Cell culture ,FOS: Biological sciences ,business ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Recovery from traumatic muscle injuries is typically prolonged and incomplete. Our previous study demonstrated that whole‐body low‐intensity vibration (LIV) enhances healing in a mouse laceration model. We sought to determine whether locally applied LIV (a) improves muscle repair following injury in mice and (b) is directly transduced by cultured muscle cells, via increased IGF‐1 activity. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to laceration of the gastrocnemius muscle and were treated with LIV applied directly to the lower leg for 30 min/day or non‐LIV sham treatment (controls) for 7 or 14 days. LIV was also applied to differentiating myotubes in culture for 30 min/day for 3 or 6 days. Compared with control mice, LIV increased myofiber cross‐sectional area, diameter, and percent area of peripherally nucleated fibers, and decreased percent damaged area after 14 days of treatment. In cultured myotubes, LIV increased fusion and diameter compared with controls after 6 days of treatment. These LIV‐induced effects were associated with increased total Akt on day 7 in injured muscle and on day 3 in myotubes, whereas phosphorylated‐to‐total Akt ratio increased on day 14 in injured muscle and on day 6 in myotubes but were not associated with increased IGF‐1 levels at any time point. These changes were also associated with LIV‐induced suppression of FOXO1 and Atrogin‐1 gene expression at day 7 in injured muscle. These findings demonstrate that muscle cells can directly transduce LIV signals into increased growth and differentiation, and this effect is associated with increased Akt signaling., Our findings demonstrate that muscle cells can directly transduce LIV signals into increased growth and differentiation, and this effect is associated with increased Akt signaling.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Low-Intensity Vibration Improves Muscle Healing in a Mouse Model of Laceration Injury
- Author
-
Thomas F. Corbiere, Eileen M. Weinheimer-Haus, Stefan Judex, and Timothy J. Koh
- Subjects
skeletal muscle injury ,laceration ,low-intensity vibration ,muscle regeneration ,fibrosis ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Recovery from traumatic muscle injuries is typically prolonged and incomplete, leading to impaired muscle and joint function. We sought to determine whether mechanical stimulation via whole-body low-intensity vibration (LIV) could (1) improve muscle regeneration and (2) reduce muscle fibrosis following traumatic injury. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a laceration of the gastrocnemius muscle and were treated with LIV (0.2 g at 90 Hz or 0.4 g at 45 Hz for 30 min/day) or non-LIV sham treatment (controls) for seven or 14 days. Muscle regeneration and fibrosis were assessed in hematoxylin and eosin or Masson’s trichrome stained muscle cryosections, respectively. Compared to non-LIV control mice, the myofiber cross-sectional area was larger in mice treated with each LIV protocol after 14 days of treatment. Minimum fiber diameter was also larger in mice treated with LIV of 90 Hz/0.2 g after 14 days of treatment. There was also a trend toward a reduction in collagen deposition after 14 days of treatment with 45 Hz/0.4 g (p = 0.059). These findings suggest that LIV may improve muscle healing by enhancing myofiber growth and reducing fibrosis. The LIV-induced improvements in muscle healing suggest that LIV may represent a novel therapeutic approach for improving the healing of traumatic muscle injuries.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A parallel evaluation of 5 indirect cost-effective methods for assessing failure of passive immunity transfer in neonatal calves
- Author
-
A. Mugnier, K. Pecceu, F. Corbiere, and F. Schelcher
- Subjects
Albumin concentrations ,Radial immunodiffusion ,Brix ,biology ,Globulin ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Test sensitivity ,Passive immunity ,Andrology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Antibody ,business ,Total protein - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 5 indirect methods that may be used in veterinary practices to assess the success of maternal immunoglobulins transfer in neonatal calves. Blood samples (n = 245) were collected from 2- to 6-d-old calves. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Serum total protein and albumin concentrations and γ-glutamyl transferase activity were determined by veterinary practitioners using their own biochemistry analyzer. Globulin concentration was calculated. Veterinary practitioners were also asked to assess serum total protein using a digital Brix refractometer (%Brix) and an optical refractometer (g/L). Test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were calculated using radial immunodiffusion as the reference standard, with failure of transfer of passive immunity defined as IgG10.0 g/L. Receiver operating characteristics curves were created and optimal cutoff values for each of the 5 indirect measurement methods were selected based on the maximization of the Youden's
- Published
- 2019
12. Thrombospondin-1 and disease progression in dysferlinopathy
- Author
-
Zsuzsanna Hollander, Rita E. Mirza, Timothy J. Koh, Christoph H. Borchers, Thomas F. Corbiere, and Norifumi Urao
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system ,Dysferlinopathy ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Phagocytosis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Inflammation ,Biology ,Thrombospondin 1 ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,immune system diseases ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Macrophage ,Molecular Biology ,Genetics (clinical) ,Mice, Knockout ,Thrombospondin ,Macrophages ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,Macrophage Activation ,medicine.disease ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Cytokine ,Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle ,Knockout mouse ,Disease Progression ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether thrombospondin (TSP)-1 promotes macrophage activity and disease progression in dysferlinopathy. First, we found that levels of TSP-1 are elevated in blood of non-ambulant dysferlinopathy patients compared with ambulant patients and healthy controls, supporting the idea that TSP-1 levels are correlated with disease progression. We then crossed dysferlinopathic BlaJ mice with TSP-1 knockout mice and assessed disease progression longitudinally with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In these mice, deletion of TSP-1 ameliorated loss in volume and mass of the moderately affected gluteal muscle but not of the severely affected psoas muscle. T2 MRI parameters revealed that loss of TSP-1 modestly inhibited inflammation only in gluteal muscle of male mice. Histological assessment indicated that deletion of TSP-1 reduced inflammatory cell infiltration of muscle fibers, but only early in disease progression. In addition, flow cytometry analysis revealed that, in males, TSP-1 knockout reduced macrophage infiltration and phagocytic activity, which is consistent with TSP-1-enhanced phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine induction in cultured macrophages. In summary, TSP-1 appears to play an accessory role in modulating Mp activity in BlaJ mice in a gender, age and muscle-dependent manner, but is unlikely a primary driver of disease progression of dysferlinopathy.
- Published
- 2017
13. Invited review: Improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice
- Author
-
John Rooke, Karianne Muri, Joanne Conington, Ingrid H. Holmøy, Cathy M. Dwyer, F. Corbiere, J. Vipond, Raymond Nowak, J.M. Gautier, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Bioscience, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Future Farming Systems, SAC Consulting, Institut de l'Elevage, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,sheep ,[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,neonatal mortality ,040301 veterinary sciences ,animal diseases ,Farm income ,SF1-1100 ,0403 veterinary science ,Pregnancy ,Environmental health ,Animal welfare ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Animals ,Survival analysis ,2. Zero hunger ,business.industry ,goat ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Ruminants ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,knowledge transfer ,Survival Analysis ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal culture ,Animals, Newborn ,Colostrum ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Livestock ,business ,Knowledge transfer - Abstract
This review is based on an invited presentation at the 65th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production held in Copenhagen, Denmark, August 2014; Neonatal mortality in small ruminant livestock has remained stubbornly unchanging over the past 40 years, and represents a significant loss of farm income, contributes to wastage and affects animal welfare. Scientific knowledge about the biology of neonatal adaptation after birth has been accumulating but does not appear to have had an impact in improving survival. In this paper, we ask what might be the reasons for the lack of impact of the scientific studies of lamb and kid mortality, and suggest strategies to move forward. Biologically, it is clear that achieving a good intake of colostrum, as soon as possible after birth, is crucial for neonatal survival. This provides fuel for thermoregulation, passive immunological protection and is involved in the development of attachment between the ewe and lamb. The behaviour of the lamb in finding the udder and sucking rapidly after birth is a key component in ensuring sufficient colostrum is ingested. In experimental studies, the main risk factors for lamb mortality are low birthweight, particularly owing to poor maternal nutrition during gestation, birth difficulty, litter size and genetics, which can all be partly attributed to their effect on the speed with which the lamb reaches the udder and sucks. Similarly, on commercial farms, low birthweight and issues with sucking were identified as important contributors to mortality. In epidemiological studies, management factors such as providing assistance with difficult births, were found to be more important than risk factors associated with housing. Social science studies suggest that farmers generally have a positive attitude to improving neonatal mortality but may differ in beliefs about how this can be achieved, with some farmers believing they had no control over early lamb mortality. Facilitative approaches, where farmers and advisors work together to develop neonatal survival strategies, have been shown to be effective in achieving management goals, such as optimising ewe nutrition, that lead to reductions in lamb mortality. We conclude that scientific research is providing useful information on the biology underpinning neonatal survival, such as optimal birthweights, lamb vigour and understanding the importance of sufficient colostrum intake, but the transfer of that knowledge would benefit from an improved understanding of the psychology of management change on farm. Developing tailored solutions, on the basis of adequate farm records, that make use of the now substantial body of scientific literature on neonatal mortality will help to achieve lower neonatal mortality.
- Published
- 2016
14. Restructuring of the flash A/D converter to improve SEU rad tolerance
- Author
-
T. Monnier, F. Corbiere, and F.M. Roche
- Subjects
Digital electronics ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Analog-to-digital converter ,Control reconfiguration ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,law.invention ,law ,Robustness (computer science) ,Electronic engineering ,Robot ,Resistor ,business ,Radiation hardening ,Voltage - Abstract
The purpose of this work is to present how structural changes in the conventional Flash Analog to Digital Converter can secure it for a harsh radiation environment. The method consists in a coupling of two complementary techniques: a robust reconfiguration of the logical structure joined to a design hardening of the individual blocks. This approach preserves the ADC performances.
- Published
- 2003
15. Increased skin blood flow during low intensity vibration in human participants: Analysis of control mechanisms using short-time Fourier transform.
- Author
-
Yi-Ting Tzen, Eileen M Weinheimer-Haus, Thomas F Corbiere, and Timothy J Koh
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
AIM:Investigate the immediate effect of low intensity vibration on skin blood flow and its underlying control mechanisms in healthy human participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS:One-group pre-post design in a university laboratory setting. Nine adults underwent two bouts of 10-minute vibration (30Hz, peak acceleration 0.4g). Outcome measures include skin blood flow, and skin temperature on the right foot. To examine the control mechanisms underlying the vibration-induced blood flow response, SHORT-TIME Fourier analyses were computed to obtain the spectral densities for three frequency bands: metabolic (0.0095-0.02Hz), neurogenic (0.02-0.06Hz), and myogenic (0.06-0.15Hz). Non-parametric Friedman's tests were computed to compare changes of the outcome measures and control mechanisms over the course of vibration. RESULTS:Vibration increased skin blood flow during both bouts of vibration, however the effect did not last after vibration was terminated. Myogenic spectral density increased during both bouts of vibration, whereas the metabolic and neurogenic spectral densities increased only during the 2nd bout of vibration. Interestingly, only the metabolic spectral density remained elevated after vibration ended. CONCLUSION:Low intensity vibration produced acute increases in skin blood flow mediated in part by vascular control mechanisms of myogenic origin. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether low intensity vibration induces similar increases in skin blood flow in populations prone to developing chronic non-healing wounds, such as spinal cord injury and diabetes.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Effects of Silirum ® -Based Vaccination Programs on Map Fecal Shedding and Serological Response in Seven French Dairy Herds.
- Author
-
Corbiere F, Guellouz D, Tasca C, Foures L, Dubaux E, and Foucras G
- Abstract
(1) Background: paratuberculosis is an important disease in ruminants, causing worldwide economic losses to the livestock industry. Although vaccination is known not to prevent transmission of the causative agent Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), it is considered an effective tool for paratuberculosis in infected herds. The objectives of this controlled field study were to evaluate the effects of the whole-cell heat-killed Silirum
® vaccine on Map fecal shedding and serological status in dairy herds infected with paratuberculosis. (2) Methods: The serological status (ELISA) and fecal shedding (qPCR) of 358 vaccinated cows were assessed over 3 years in 7 infected dairy herds in the Meuse department, France. Within each herd, cows from the last non-vaccinated birth cohort ( n = 265) were used as controls. The probability and level of Map fecal shedding and the serological status were modeled using multivariable mixed general linear regression models. (3) Results: Overall, 34.7% of cows tested positive at least once on fecal qPCR, with significant differences between herds, but high shedding levels were observed in only 5.5% of cows. Compared to non-vaccinated seronegative cows, a statistically significant reduction in the probability of Map shedding was found only in cows vaccinated before 4 to 5 months of age that tested negative for Map antibodies throughout the study period (odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.3-0.9, p = 0.008), but no significant effect of vaccination on the amount of Map shedding could be evidenced. Finally, the younger the cows were when vaccinated, the less they tested positive on the serum ELISA. (4) Conclusions: a beneficial effect of vaccination on Map fecal shedding may exist in cows vaccinated before 4 to 5 months of age. The variability of the serum ELISA response in vaccinated cows remains to be investigated.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Standardized Whole Blood Assay and Bead-Based Cytokine Profiling Reveal Commonalities and Diversity of the Response to Bacteria and TLR Ligands in Cattle.
- Author
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Lesueur J, Walachowski S, Barbey S, Cebron N, Lefebvre R, Launay F, Boichard D, Germon P, Corbiere F, and Foucras G
- Subjects
- Animals, Escherichia coli, Female, Ligands, Reproducibility of Results, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Cattle blood, Cytokines blood, Toll-Like Receptors immunology
- Abstract
Recent developments in multiplex technologies enable the determination of a large nu\mber of soluble proteins such as cytokines in various biological samples. More than a one-by-one determination of the concentration of immune mediators, they permit the establishment of secretion profiles for a more accurate description of conditions related to infectious diseases or vaccination. Cytokine profiling has recently been made available for bovine species with the development of a Luminex
® technology-based 15-plex assay. Independently from the manufacturer, we evaluated the bovine cytokine/chemokine multiplex assay for limits of detection, recovery rate, and reproducibility. Furthermore, we assessed cytokine secretion in blood samples from 107 cows upon stimulation with heat-killed bacteria and TLR2/4 ligands compared to a null condition. Secretion patterns were analyzed either using the absolute concentration of cytokines or using their relative concentration with respect to the overall secretion level induced by each stimulus. Using Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis, we show that the 15-cytokine profile is different under Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Streptococcus uberis conditions, and that IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α contribute the most to differentiate these conditions. LPS and E. coli induced largely overlapping biological responses, but S. aureus and S. uberis were associated with distinct cytokine profiles than their respective TLR ligands. Finally, results based on adjusted or absolute cytokine levels yielded similar discriminative power, but led to different stimuli-related signatures., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lesueur, Walachowski, Barbey, Cebron, Lefebvre, Launay, Boichard, Germon, Corbiere and Foucras.)- Published
- 2022
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18. Erratum to "A parallel evaluation of 5 indirect cost-effective methods for assessing failure of passive immunity transfer in neonatal calves" (JDS Commun. 1:10-14).
- Author
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Mugnier A, Pecceu K, Schelcher F, and Corbiere F
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2019-17931.]., (© 2022.)
- Published
- 2022
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19. A parallel evaluation of 5 indirect cost-effective methods for assessing failure of passive immunity transfer in neonatal calves.
- Author
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Mugnier A, Pecceu K, Schelcher F, and Corbiere F
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 5 indirect methods that may be used in veterinary practices to assess the success of maternal immunoglobulins transfer in neonatal calves. Blood samples (n = 245) were collected from 2- to 6-d-old calves. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Serum total protein and albumin concentrations and γ-glutamyl transferase activity were determined by veterinary practitioners using their own biochemistry analyzer. Globulin concentration was calculated. Veterinary practitioners were also asked to assess serum total protein using a digital Brix refractometer (%Brix) and an optical refractometer (g/L). Test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were calculated using radial immunodiffusion as the reference standard, with failure of transfer of passive immunity defined as IgG <10.0 g/L. Receiver operating characteristics curves were created and optimal cutoff values for each of the 5 indirect measurement methods were selected based on the maximization of the Youden's J statistic. In this study, Globulin concentration yielded the highest accuracy to identify failure of transfer of passive immunity (Se = 89.4%; Sp = 89.3% at 34 g/L). For %Brix, the optimal combination of Se and Sp was at 8.4% Brix (Se = 86.5% and Sp = 83.8%). The use of an optical refractometer was associated with the lowest diagnostic accuracy (Se = 69.7% and Sp = 81.6% at 52 g/L). For γ-glutamyl transferase activity, the optimal cut-points were different for 2- to 3-d-old calves (Se = 87.5% and Sp = 87.8% at 393 IU/L) or 4- to 6-d-old calves (Se = 90.0% and Sp = 86.4% at 254 IU/L). Because it does not require any specialized laboratory equipment, digital Brix refractometer can be a valuable and inexpensive tool for on-farm use, to help producers and veterinary practitioners in their calf health management programs., (© 2020 American Dairy Science Association®.)
- Published
- 2020
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20. Impact of Imperfect Disease Detection on the Identification of Risk Factors in Veterinary Epidemiology.
- Author
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Combelles L, Corbiere F, Calavas D, Bronner A, Hénaux V, and Vergne T
- Abstract
Risk factors are key epidemiological concepts that are used to explain disease distributions. Identifying disease risk factors is generally done by comparing the characteristics of diseased and non-diseased populations. However, imperfect disease detectability generates disease observations that do not necessarily represent accurately the true disease situation. In this study, we conducted an extensive simulation exercise to emphasize the impact of imperfect disease detection on the outcomes of logistic models when case reports are aggregated at a larger scale (e.g., diseased animals aggregated at farm level). We used a probabilistic framework to simulate both the disease distribution in herds and imperfect detectability of the infected animals in these herds. These simulations show that, under logistic models, true herd-level risk factors are generally correctly identified but their associated odds ratio are heavily underestimated as soon as the sensitivity of the detection is less than one. If the detectability of infected animals is not only imperfect but also heterogeneous between herds, the variables associated with the detection heterogeneity are likely to be incorrectly identified as risk factors. This probability of type I error increases with increasing heterogeneity of the detectability, and with decreasing sensitivity. Finally, the simulations highlighted that, when count data is available (e.g., number of infected animals in herds), they should not be reduced to a presence/absence dataset at the herd level (e.g., presence or not of at least one infected animal) but rather modeled directly using zero-inflated count models which are shown to be much less sensitive to imperfect detectability issues. In light of these simulations, we revisited the analysis of the French bovine abortion surveillance data, which has already been shown to be characterized by imperfect and heterogeneous abortion detectability. As expected, we found substantial differences between the quantitative outputs of the logistic model and those of the zero-inflated Poisson model. We conclude by strongly recommending that efforts should be made to account for, or at the very least discuss, imperfect disease detectability when assessing associations between putative risk factors and observed disease distributions, and advocate the use of zero-inflated count models if count data is available.
- Published
- 2019
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21. Experimental study of pelvic perioperative brachytherapy with iodine 125 seeds (I-125) in an animal model.
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Brun T, Ferron G, Filleron T, Bonnet J, Martinez A, Ducassou A, Corbiere F, and Delannes M
- Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of perioperative I-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy mesh implantation in pelvic locations in an animal model, before applying it clinically., Material and Methods: The animal model was the Romanov adult ewe. Non-radioactive dummy I-125 seeds were implanted by laparotomy in the pelvic area. Forty-five dummy seeds were placed on a 10 cm² polyglactin mesh to obtain a dose of 160 Gy at 5 mm from the center of each seed. Three CT scans were performed at day 15, day 70, and day 180 after surgery to check the positioning of the mesh for eventual seed migration according to bony landmarks and to perform a 3D theoretical dosimetric study. The experimental study design was based on Simon's minimax plan with a preliminary analysis of 10 ewes to validate the protocol and a second series of 7 ewes., Results: After the first step, 9 of 10 ewes were investigated. For 8 of 9 animals, the 160 Gy isodose line volume was within 10%, showing feasibility of the procedure and allowing 7 more to be added. At the end of the study, 16 of 17 animals were examined. No seeds loss was observed. The volume difference of the 160 Gy isodose line was within 10% in 13 of 16 ewes between the three CT scans. Twelve out of 16 had a coordinate deviation less than or equal to 10 mm on the three axes between the first and the third scans., Conclusions: These results show the technical feasibility of the pelvic mesh implantation in ewes. A phase I study for patients with locally advanced or recurrent pelvic tumors amenable to surgery, in combination with surgical resection should be possible.
- Published
- 2018
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22. Estimation of the sensitivity and specificity of two serum ELISAs and one fecal qPCR for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in sub-clinically infected young-adult French sheep using latent class Bayesian modeling.
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Mathevon Y, Foucras G, Falguières R, and Corbiere F
- Subjects
- Animals, Bayes Theorem, Cross-Sectional Studies, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Feces microbiology, Female, France, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sheep, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolation & purification, Paratuberculosis diagnosis, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Sheep Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two serum ELISAs and one quantitative PCR on feces for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in sub-clinically infected young-adult sheep. A cross-sectional study was performed to collect 1197 individual blood and fecal samples from 2- to 3-year-old sub-clinically infected ewes in 14 closed meat sheep flocks in France. Fecal excretion was determined using qPCR based on IS900 sequence detection, and serology was performed on serum samples using two commercial ELISAs. Data were analyzed in a 3-test multiple-population Bayesian latent class model accounting for potential dependence between the three tests fitted in OpenBUGS. Separate analyses were performed according to whether doubtful ELISA results were handled as positive or negative and based on two thresholds for fecal qPCR (Ct ≤ 42 or Ct ≤ 40)., Results: The best fit to the data was provided by accounting for a pairwise dependence between the two ELISAs on sensitivity and pairwise dependence between the three tests on specificity. Under this model, the estimated ELISA sensitivities were 17.4% (95% PCI: 10.6 - 25.9) and 17.9% (95% PCI 11.4 - 25.6), with estimated specificities of 94.8% (95% PCI: 93.1 - 96.3) and 94.0% (95% PCI: 92.2 - 95.7). Fecal qPCR demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity (47.5%; 95% PCI: 29.3 - 69.9) and specificity (99.0%; 95% PCI: 97.9 - 99.9) than the ELISAs. Assumptions regarding doubtful ELISA results and qPCR thresholds had only a slight impact on test accuracy estimates. Models not accounting for pairwise dependence between ELISA and fecal qPCR results yielded higher sensitivity and specificity estimates but always provided a worse fit to the data., Conclusions: Although the overall sensitivity of serum ELISAs and fecal qPCR remains low, the higher diagnostic performances of fecal qPCR make it more suitable for paratuberculosis diagnosis in sub-clinically infected sheep. Our results also illustrate that all dependence structures should be investigated when evaluating diagnostic test accuracy and selection based on a rigorous statistical approach.
- Published
- 2017
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23. Invited review: Improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice.
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Dwyer CM, Conington J, Corbiere F, Holmøy IH, Muri K, Nowak R, Rooke J, Vipond J, and Gautier JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Pregnancy, Survival Analysis, Animals, Newborn, Ruminants physiology
- Abstract
Neonatal mortality in small ruminant livestock has remained stubbornly unchanging over the past 40 years, and represents a significant loss of farm income, contributes to wastage and affects animal welfare. Scientific knowledge about the biology of neonatal adaptation after birth has been accumulating but does not appear to have had an impact in improving survival. In this paper, we ask what might be the reasons for the lack of impact of the scientific studies of lamb and kid mortality, and suggest strategies to move forward. Biologically, it is clear that achieving a good intake of colostrum, as soon as possible after birth, is crucial for neonatal survival. This provides fuel for thermoregulation, passive immunological protection and is involved in the development of attachment between the ewe and lamb. The behaviour of the lamb in finding the udder and sucking rapidly after birth is a key component in ensuring sufficient colostrum is ingested. In experimental studies, the main risk factors for lamb mortality are low birthweight, particularly owing to poor maternal nutrition during gestation, birth difficulty, litter size and genetics, which can all be partly attributed to their effect on the speed with which the lamb reaches the udder and sucks. Similarly, on commercial farms, low birthweight and issues with sucking were identified as important contributors to mortality. In epidemiological studies, management factors such as providing assistance with difficult births, were found to be more important than risk factors associated with housing. Social science studies suggest that farmers generally have a positive attitude to improving neonatal mortality but may differ in beliefs about how this can be achieved, with some farmers believing they had no control over early lamb mortality. Facilitative approaches, where farmers and advisors work together to develop neonatal survival strategies, have been shown to be effective in achieving management goals, such as optimising ewe nutrition, that lead to reductions in lamb mortality. We conclude that scientific research is providing useful information on the biology underpinning neonatal survival, such as optimal birthweights, lamb vigour and understanding the importance of sufficient colostrum intake, but the transfer of that knowledge would benefit from an improved understanding of the psychology of management change on farm. Developing tailored solutions, on the basis of adequate farm records, that make use of the now substantial body of scientific literature on neonatal mortality will help to achieve lower neonatal mortality.
- Published
- 2016
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24. Impact of leucocyte depletion and prion reduction filters on TSE blood borne transmission.
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Lacroux C, Bougard D, Litaise C, Simmons H, Corbiere F, Dernis D, Tardivel R, Morel N, Simon S, Lugan S, Costes P, Weisbecker JL, Schelcher F, Grassi J, Coste J, and Andréoletti O
- Subjects
- Animals, Blotting, Western, Immunohistochemistry, Sheep, Blood-Borne Pathogens, Leukocyte Reduction Procedures, Prion Diseases transmission, Prions isolation & purification
- Abstract
The identification in the UK of 4 v-CJD infected patients thought to be due to the use of transfused Red Blood Cell units prepared from blood of donors incubating v-CJD raised major concerns in transfusion medicine. The demonstration of leucocyte associated infectivity using various animal models of TSE infection led to the implementation of systematic leuco-depletion (LD) of Red Blood cells concentrates (RBCs) in a number of countries. In the same models, plasma also demonstrated a significant level of infectivity which raised questions on the impact of LD on the v-CJD transmission risk. The recent development of filters combining LD and the capture of non-leucocyte associated prion infectivity meant a comparison of the benefits of LD alone versus LD/prion-reduction filters (LD/PR) on blood-borne TSE transmission could be made. Due to the similarity of blood/plasma volumes to human transfusion medicine an experimental TSE sheep model was used to characterize the abilities of whole blood, RBCs, plasma and buffy-coat to transmit the disease through the transfusion route. The impact of a standard RBCs LD filter and of two different RBCs LD/PR prototype filters on the disease transmission was then measured. Homologous recipients transfused with whole-blood, buffy-coat and RBCs developed the disease with 100% efficiency. Conversely, plasma, when intravenously administered resulted in an inconstant infection of the recipients and no disease transmission was observed in sheep that received cryo-precipitated fraction or supernatant obtained from infectious plasma. Despite their high efficacy, LD and LD/PR filtration of the Red Blood Cells concentrate did not provide absolute protection from infection. These results support the view that leuco-depletion strongly mitigates the v-CJD blood borne transmission risk and provide information about the relative benefits of prion reduction filters.
- Published
- 2012
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25. First detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum-like DNA in the French izard Rupricapra pyrenaica.
- Author
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Laloy E, Petit E, Boulouis HJ, Lacroux C, Corbiere F, Schelcher F, Bonnet S, and Maillard R
- Subjects
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum genetics, Animals, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Ehrlichiosis microbiology, France, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Anaplasma phagocytophilum isolation & purification, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Ehrlichiosis veterinary, Ruminants microbiology
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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