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Este artículo examina la locución faltar un hervor a algo o a alguien como instanciación del esquema de imagen de la carencia. Dentro del marco teórico de la Lingüística Cognitiva, se estudia el fenómeno a partir de la teoría de la metáfora, la metonimia y la integración conceptual para describir los mecanismos creativos que intervienen en la producción y la comprensión de tal formulación. Sobre la base de un corpus de enunciados efectivos, se realiza un análisis cualitativo que permite describir los modelos cognitivos que sustentan esta expresión: (i) el modelo del desarrollo pendiente, para marcar inmadurez, y (ii) el modelo del desarrollo inacabado, para sugerir falta de inteligencia. El análisis se extiende a otras formulaciones como le falta un jugador que muestran construcciones similares sobre el modelo del todo incompleto, empleado para insinuar incapacidad. Finalmente se caracteriza el valor retórico de estas expresiones con especial atención a la tensión existente entre eufemismo y lítote.

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La expresión del tabú nace del reflejo de la interdicción social en la lengua de los integrantes de una comunidad de habla. El grupo social establece una serie de convenciones que afectan a su producción lingüística y que se relacionan, en ciertas ocasiones, con conductas prohibidas. Presentamos un estudio contrastivo en el que comparamos los resultados de cuatro investigaciones en las que se describe el fenómeno sociopragmático del tabú lingüístico en la expresión de los hablantes de Madrid (Cestero Mancera 2015a, 2015b y 2018), Granada (Jiménez Morales 2016), Málaga (Guerrero y Pérez 2021) y Alcalá de Henares (Mayo Martín 2022) a partir del análisis de las entrevistas semidirigidas enmarcadas en PRESEEA. Concluimos que el fenómeno del tabú pervive en las comunidades analizadas y advertimos patrones sociolingüísticos y geolectales que consideramos de interés para el futuro de la investigación de la interdicción lingüística desde una perspectiva variacionista.

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Following a discursive-pragmatic approach to linguistic variation, the goal of this paper is to analyse the lexical variation maestro-profesor in a sample of official documents of primary state schools and privately-owned but state-funded ones in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha (Spain). The analysis reveals that the lexical alternative profesor, significantly more common in the corpus than maestro, can be considered a case of uplifting euphemism intended to upgrade and magnify the professional status and social appreciation of teachers in infant and primary education. In this way, profesor plays an important role as a face-saving device which is part of a more general strategy of positive self-presentation for schoolteachers that may introduce some degree of ambiguity in the message conveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study tries to investigate approaches to communication, including dysphemism and euphemisms in political cartoons. Free expression of public opinion and personal, political cartoon humor and got an essential part of the information and data arena. That makes the political cartoons genre more related and remarkable than before. This given cartoon comprises visual and verbal components, making the selection of communication means in the text particularly challenging. That defines the problem of our survey. The paper has investigated political cartoons published in the USA media. Making use of the content analysis method, we chose 174 dysphemisms and euphemisms, split into lexicalsemantic classifications. As a consequence, euphemisms are utilized more commonly in political cartoon than dysphemisms, which stemmed from the genre specificity; hence, the ironic impact is attained by the contrast between the visual and verbal components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Euphemism and dysphemism have been looked at from different perspectives. However, these points of view are characterised by the fact that they provide a limited view of these two phenomena, problem that pragmatic and cognitive studies have tried to remedy with greater or lesser success. The present essay has the purpose of making a theorical approach to the euphemism and dysphemism, that will be accompanied by the analysis of a corpus of Tweets written during the covid-19 pandemic, where it will be studied the effect of the euphemistic and dysphemistic processes on an interdict reality, such as the death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we intend to examine the explicitation as a universal of translation through the translation into Spanish of euphemisms in three Chinese literary novels. The results indicate that explicitation is a frequently used technique of translation in the studied corpus of literary texts, which is consistent with the hypothesis of explicitation proposed by various theorists; in addition, through our analysis, we have been able to verify that the degree of explicitation is associated with the field of the original euphemism and is also related to the translation style of the translator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto el eufemismo y el uso manipulador que la prensa escrita hace de él. Surge la necesidad de seguir haciendo hincapié en este tipo de usos malintencionados del lenguaje, de modo que la sociedad pueda mantenerse alerta en todo momento ante tal situación. Para dar cuenta de la realidad que aquí referimos, se ha realizado un corpus de eufemismos recogidos de la prensa española del siglo XXI (2000 hasta la actualidad). Tras su análisis, que ha seguido la metodología del análisis del discurso y análisis crítico del discurso, ha quedado de manifiesto que la prensa escrita hace uso de eufemismos con fines manipulativos (tanto de la realidad referida, como del referente, como del individuo). Además, no solo reproduce los eufemismos llegados a ella desde los distintos ámbitos de la sociedad, sino que los mantiene y perpetúa, convirtiéndolos en propios.

Los eufemismos, generalmente definidos como figuras retóricas, tienen sus mecanismos particulares de creación y sus funciones bien definidas. Su motivación es causada por la necesidad de evitar un tabú lingüístico, mientras que las figuras retóricas son creadas con el propósito de la expresividad, del efecto estético o emocional. La metáfora (o cualquier metasemema) puede llegar a ser una de las formas de expresión del eufemismo, pero las dos figuras del habla no deben confundirse, ya que un eufemismo no es necesariamente expresivo. Hablando de las funciones del lenguaje involucradas en la construcción de ambas, notamos que las figuras retóricas son gobernadas por la función poética, mientras que en el eufemismo la función metalingüística es predominante. Es más, las evoluciones semánticas de ambas figuras tienen en común la pérdida de la expresividad (en el eufemismo, si la hay); sin embargo, una metáfora muerta no deja de ser una metáfora, mientras que el eufemismo se convierte en disfemismo o desaparece simplemente. Hemos notado que la expresividad del eufemismo actúa en su contra; los más estables son los eufemismos neutros, que se suelen crear a partir de préstamos ínter o intralingüísticos (diafásicos).

This paper analyzes the building blocks of the rationality system of inclusive education, confirming that its application to teacher training and public policies establish categories through which they are placed tactically at the service of power. Each of these is used to speak for specific purposes, leading to the legitimization of an innocent fraud in which inclusive education approaches are cross-dressed with the force of the special, giving itself a benign and potentially new face that does not undo the problems introduced by the neoliberal educational imagination. Its objective is to critically analyze the impacts that arise from the lack of epistemic-conceptual and methodological clarity that inclusive education faces in the management of public policies and teacher training and their transfer to educational communities. The methodology used in this work was that of critical documentary review. It concludes, stating that inclusive education addresses issues related to the nature of exclusion, justice and educational transformation and the problem that designate the ownership of human rights in the school experience in the absence of ethical and social responsibility of educational systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the presence of sex and sexuality in the rhetorical and literary criticism treatises of Greek literature in the Imperial Age: several rhetorical treatises by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, On the Sublime by Pseudo-Longinus and On Style by Pseudo-Demetrius. The sexual theme appears poorly in the different literary examples that these authors provide throughout their works. This is a taboo theme because it is not worthy of imitation or appropriate for a high or sublime style. The three authors approach it in different ways (Pseudo-Demetrio is the one that less practices self-censorship). Mentions of this subject (and their absences) are significant, as well as the use of euphemisms, metaphors and words with double meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las palabras además de cambiar en su forma externa también lo hacen en su significado, el tabú y el eufemismo son dos conceptos que forman parte de ese cambio semántico que se presenta en el acto comunicativo. Ese cambio obedece a factores procedentes de una sensibilidad social en determinada época y circunstancia. Su uso es común en todos los medios sociales, así se evita llamar a las cosas por su nombre. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo describir algunos eufemismos usados en la ciudad de Quito. Se demuestra a través de una investigación descriptiva si tales formas están vigentes o han cambiado en los últimos años. Además, se determinará los factores que definen su uso. Mediante un estudio gramático y pragmático se realizará la descripción sociológica de la población, los enunciados que estos profieren para contrastar con variables sociales seleccionadas. Se detallarán también las diversas circunstancias y espacios en los que los eufemismos concurren en la comunicación y cómo éstos se presentan como una herencia de la colonización. Su análisis permitirá comprender y valorar la cultura heredada.

En el ámbito de la Traducción Audiovisual (TAV), el eufemismo y el disfemismo son dos procesos lingüísticos que todavía no se han estudiado en profundidad. Este artículo pretende mostrar el uso y el comportamiento de estos fenómenos en textos audiovisuales utilizando una metodología que parte de un análisis deductivo de los datos, a través del estudio de su uso en seis películas estadounidenses de ciencia ficción estrenadas entre 2009 y 2015. Para ello, se han analizado la versión original de los filmes seleccionados y sus versiones subtitulada y doblada al español con el objetivo de averiguar qué función cumplen los procesos de eufemismo y disfemismo, cuándo se emplean y con qué frecuencia en función de la modalidad de TAV de que se trate. A partir de los datos, queremos determinar si, actualmente, estos procesos lingüísticos son normas empleadas por los traductores habitualmente para salvar las restricciones que imponen el medio y las modalidades de TAV.

En el análisis de un corpus basado en entrevistas semidirigidas a hablantes sevillanos ubicados en un sociolecto bajo se observa un empleo frecuente del diminutivo. El valor de estos sufijos viene motivado por la autoprotección del informante, dadas las circunstancias comunicativas en las que se ve inmerso. Los datos corroboran una de las funciones básicas de este tipo de afijo, por más que se puedan percibir, en menor medida, usos peyorativos.

The article presents the ways of how to avoid the use of the profane expressions in the language used on Facebook, focusing mainly on shortening as one of the most productive resources of euphemization. This phenomenon will be analysed on the basis of the diverse bibliography available on euphemization of profane words, paying attention to the qualitative, as well as the quantitative aspects. A series of concrete examples extracted in September of 2018 from the Facebook pages of two Spanish newspapers, El País and La Vanguardia, will be shown [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In some studies about euphemism it has been pointed out that politicians usually resort to euphemistic expressions to conceal unpleasant facts that could damage their own image (Rodríguez González, 1991; Roldán Pérez, 2003; Crespo Fernández, 2005a). This article examines euphemism from a pragmatic-cognitive perspective (Chamizo Domínguez & Sánchez Benedito, 2000; Casas Gómez, 2009; Sytnyk, 2014) and explains some mental effects derived from a series of euphemistic expressions which have recently been used in Spanish political discourse. In particular, the paper suggests the existence of three phenomena which have an influence on the addressee’s mental representation of reality: lexical framing, blocked access to the referent and conceptual stigmatization.

El presente trabajo expone los resultados obtenidos en una investigación académicadedicada a la comparación del eufemismo en la lengua china y la española. Para ello, se haanalizado este concepto, los ámbitos en que se aplica y sus procedimientos de formulación desdediferentes niveles (fonético, semántico, morfológico y, finalmente, sintáctico). A partir de estospuntos, se han encontrado tanto similitudes como diferencias en el uso del eufemismo entre ambaslenguas. Además, se explican los diversos factores que dan lugar a dichos puntos de encuentro y, loque es más importante, los factores subyacentes en las desemejanzas, entre las cuales destacan loselementos lingüísticos, la religión, la estructura jerárquica, los valores morales, el modo de ser ylos factores estéticos.

Copyright of Revista de Lengua para Fines Específicos is the property of Revista de Lengua para Fines Especificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Moenia: Revista Lucense de Lingüística & Literatura is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo forma parte de la investigación doctoral titulada: “Crítica a la traducción para el doblaje y la subtitulación cinematográficos desde la perspectiva del análisis del discurso. Un estudio aplicado a The Green Mile” que realiza Gabriela S. Alanís Uresti bajo la dirección de Lidia Rodríguez. Es un estudio cualitativo-descriptivo donde contrastamos la versión original en inglés estadounidense de The Green Mile ─película hollywoodense de 1999─, con las versiones doblada y subtitulada al español de México. Partimos del presupuesto relativo a que, en la traducción cinematográfica, se atenúan algunas referencias, como las relativas a conductas sexuales y el lenguaje soez, a fin de ser estratégicamente cortés; y, específicamente, analizamos dos mecanismos de atenuación: la selección léxica mediante la cual se emplea el eufemismo, y la modalización discursiva. Estos mecanismos se constituyen en estrategias de carácter lingüístico, pragmático y semiótico cuando se presentan en las versiones: original (VO), doblada (VD) y subtitulada (VS), tanto en el canal visual como en el acústico, por lo cual se examina su evidencia en los códigos verbales, paraverbales, y no verbales. La base teórica versa sobre estudios de atenuación, cortesía, eufemismos y tabúes lingüísticos, con propuestas metodológicas de Gutiérrez (2008), Nájar (2009), Brown y Levinson (1987), Bravo (2001), Albelda (2010, 2005), Albelda y Briz (2010), Briz (2002a; 2002b), Allan y Burridge (2006), Chamizo (2008), Seiciuc (2010), Foucault (1987), Dubois (1969), Dubois et al(1973) y Rodríguez (2004).

The popularity of Fifty Shades of Grey trilogy is beyond doubt. This great impact has also been reflected on academic literature dealing with the novel from different perspectives. However, while there is substantial research on the novels, little attention has been paid to the author's usage of language. Bearing in mind that erotic stories are a common euphemistic and dysphemistic ground, the aim of this paper is to explore euphemism, dysphemism and x-phemism (quasieuphemism and quasidysphemism) in a corpus which consists of the three books of the mentioned trilogy so as to observe if the use of these devices depends on sexes and how these phenomena merge with metaphorical or metonymical devices to avoid a possible loss of face or highlight a taboo. The conclusions will show that the male and female main characters in the novels use language differently and employ these verbal devices with several intentions.

In this article we address the concept of political euphemism from a pragmatic and communicative perspective. In particular, we will review the traditional classifications with our personal contribution, adjusted to the peculiarities of political discourse, to focus on the examination of two of its types: the euphemism for fear of taboo and the persuasive euphemism. Using a corpus composed of recent statements by Spanish politicians (most of them from the citizen movement known as 15M, relating to cases of political corruption, measures to deal with the economic crisis and the socalled Catalan procés), we will try to show the undoubted potential of interdiction to filter reality through a more effective discourse and adjusted to the conceptual frameworks that mark the strategy of the political parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación Lingüística is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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In the present essay the author examines the american Stand up comedy as a form of art and entertainement which involves many different aspects (for instance One man show and Preaching). The intent of this essay is to look into the correlation that the comedian creates between laughter and the search for truth (both personal and universal). By comparing different bits and excerpts taken from the comedy acts of american authors such as Lenn Bruce, George Carlin and Bill Hicks, the author finds a relation between the elements of satire in the Stand up comedy genre and the concept of ‘parrhesia’ and parrhesiast. The purpose of the essay is to demonstrate how the peculiar figure of the stand up comedian can assume a precise philosophical and ethical role. The act of showing the people their own hypocrisies and self deceptions by using the laughter is a way to stimulate a reflection and, potentially, determine a growth of self awareness in the mind of the people of the audience. Stand up comedy should be seen not only as a form of entertainment, but also as a way for developing a critical thinking and can be considered, in some cases, a tool for achieving some kind of revelation and change.

Euphemism is a semantic phenomenon related to the transfer of meaning. It therefore implies a different meaning of the lexical units that are materialized in a given context. Euphemistic uses and substitutes can therefore be conceived as processes of substitution which are associated with an identical reference, and euphemism as a pragmatic and discourse phenomenon, connected to the pragmatic strategy of attenuation, as well as to other communicative goals such as occultation, the masking or blurring of a particularly unpleasant reality. Critical Discourse Analysis allows us to analyse the semantic implications of euphemism and its use as a pragmatic strategy in public communication in order to explore possible applications in the fields of lexicography, or more precisely, computational lexicography, and of language policy and planning (style books, good practice handbooks etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among those areas linked to the forbidden, homosexuality has traditionally met one of the strongest interdictions. Given the taboo nature of homosexuality, it is our purpose in this paper to gain an insight into the axiological values that anglicisms present in the Spanish homosexual vocabulary. The analysis of the different types of anglicisms in a sample of 253 English borrowings reveals that pure anglicisms (including clippings and initialisms) are the most frequently used, followed by pseudoanglicisms. Calques, hybrids and adapted anglicisms are used less often to refer to homosexuality. The research carried out reveals that anglicized units perform different X-phemistic functions in homosexual discourse: not only that of softening or avoiding the use of a taboo term in Spanish but also displaying in-group solidarity or referring to homosexuality disparagingly. Homosexual-related anglicisms promote innovative uses of the Spanish language and provide evidence of a special kind of language used by homosexuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resumen. Desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria y crítica en este artículo se analiza, deconstruyéndolo, el significado de las expresiones Norte y Sur, tal como se las puede observar empíricamente en distintos discursos (en el lenguaje ordinario, en los medios, en el discurso científico). A partir de la observación de unos ejemplos reales, reflexionaré sobre el hecho de que en algunos casos dichas expresiones no tienen funciones espaciales, sino que representan usos estratégicos (metafóricos y simbólicos) de la lengua, con precisas funciones manipulativas, orientadas a ocultar (ciertos aspectos de) la realidad social, mediante el procedimiento del eufemismo. Propondré pues expresiones alternativas menos “políticamente correctas”, pero más correctas políticamente, por permitir una concientización de los oprimidos en vista de su emancipación. Palabras clave: metáfora, ideología, eufemismo, disfemismo, lingüística crítica. Abstract. In this paper, I analyze the meaning of expressions such as North and South as they are used in different discourses (everyday language, media discourse, and scientific discourse) following a multidisciplinary, critical, and deconstructivistic approach. Starting from the observation of some real examples of linguistic usages, I will reflect about the fact that sometimes these expressions do not have spatial functions but they rather constitute strategic (symbolic and metaphorical) uses of language. Such uses are manipulative, since they are aimed at concealing (some features of) the social reality by resorting to a euphemism. I will then propose alternative expressions, less politically correct but politically fairer since they allow awareness and emancipation of oppressed people. Keywords: metaphor, ideology, euphemism, dysphemism, critical linguistics. Resumo. A partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar e crítica analisa-se neste artigo, deconstruyéndolo, o significado dos termos Norte e Sul, como pode ser observado em diversos tipos de discursos (no uso comum, nos meios, e no discurso científico). A partir da observação de alguns exemplos reais, reflexionara-se sobre o feito que, em alguns casos, essas expressões não são espaciais, mas representam usos estratégicos (metafóricos e simbólicos) da linguagem, com precisas funções de manipulação, visando ocultar (alguns aspectos de) a realidade social, através do método de eufemismo. Propõem-se expressões alternativas, menos politicamente corretas, mas politicamente mais corretas, para permitir uma conscientização dos oprimidos, em vista da sua emancipação. Palavras-chave: metáfora; ideologia; eufemismo; disfemismo; linguística crítica.

Este artigo focaliza a prática da blasfêmia em uso no contexto de línguas em contato de português e italiano, na área brasileira do nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Aborda aspectos gerais do turpilóquio em suas interfaces com a língua, com a cultura e com a identidade dos ítalo-descendentes. Os dados foram levantados através de pesquisa de campo realizada com entrevistas semiestruturadas, abrangendo, além da área de colonização italiana, também as áreas limítrofes de colonização alemã. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo. Este trabalho dá realce à blasfêmia e a seus eufemismos, buscando suporte teórico em estudos específicos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores italianos. A blasfêmia é analisada aqui como um elemento cultural típico do mundo italiano. Sua prática constitui um fenômeno de aparente contradição com a fé e com o espírito religioso da doutrina católica que sempre norteou a vida dos ítalo-brasileiros. Proferida em dialeto italiano, a blasfêmia estende seu domínio além do bilinguismo que está em vias de extinção. Os eufemismos, como atenuantes da ofensa dirigida a Deus e às outras divindades, passam também a exercer o papel de marcadores da fala, por vezes, esvaziados do sentido original.