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Nickel has long been known to have a toxic effect in humans and has been defined as a human carcinogen. However, recent studies have suggested that nickel chloride (NiCl2) may also possess anticancer properties. The liver is one of the target organs for nickel, and thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of NiCl2 on anticancer biological responses in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Both HuH-7, a well-differentiated HCC cell line, and Mahlavu cell line, a poorly differentiated HCC cell line, were exposed to NiCl2. It was determined that NiCl2 decreased cell viability in both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Nickel chloride exposure at IC50 doses were observed to suppress the ability of HCC cells to produce colonies and also induce apoptosis of HCC cells by increasing Cleaved Caspase-3 protein levels. It was found that NiCl2 exposure affected cellular morphology, increased the LC3-II protein levels, and induced autophagy in parallel to increased apoptosis in HCC cells. It was also observed that NiCl2 suppressed cell migration, decreased the size and viability of HCC tumor spheroids generated in 3D cell cultures, and disrupted the spheroid structure of the tumor cells depending on E-cadherin expression levels. Furthermore, it was observed that all anticancer biological responses induced by NiCl2 occurred independently of the AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results suggested that NiCl2 induced anticancer biological responses in HCC cell lines. Moreover, this study provided important new molecular and cellular biological basic data about the action mechanisms of NiCl2 in HCC.

Background and Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of AST/ALT ratio on echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) parameters after COVID-19 patients recover. Materials and Methods: 87 patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. The patients were hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia, but the patients did not need intensive care unit follow-up or non-invasive mechanical ventilation support. After a discharge and two weeks following the positive swab test result, patients were considered eligible if they had any symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed within 24 h prior to CMRI. The median value of AST/ALT ratio was found, and the study population was divided into two subgroups based on the median AST/ALT ratio value. The clinical features, blood test, TTE and CMRI results were compared between subgroups. Results: C-reactive protein, D-dimer and fibrinogen were found to be significantly higher in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. LVEF, TAPSE, S’, and FAC were significantly lower in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. LV-GLS were significantly lower in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. In CMRI, native T1 mapping signal, native T2 mapping signal and extracellular volume raised significantly in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. Right ventricle stroke volume and right ventricle ejection fraction were significantly lower in patients with high AST/ALT ratio, but right ventricle end systolic volume was significantly higher in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. Conclusion: High AST/ALT ratio is related to impaired right ventricular function parameters with CMRI and echocardiography after recovery from acute COVID-19. Assessment of AST/ALT ratio at hospital admission may be used to assess the risk of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 disease, and these patients may require closer follow-up during and after the course of COVID-19.

Background The effect of Covid-19 infection on nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) is unknown. Aims/objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between Covid-19 and nasal MCC in terms of smoking, Covid-19 symptoms and treatment. Methods Thirty-six patients who were hospitalized in the pandemic ward due to Covid-19 and 36 volunteers (Covid-19 negative test result) who presented to the otolaryngology outpatient clinic with non-nasal symptoms were included in this study. The Saccharin test was performed in both groups to evaluate nasal MCC. Results The patients and control groups were not significantly different in terms of age and gender. The nasal MCC time was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (19.18 ± 10.84 min and 13.78 ± 8.18 min, p = .003). Conclusions and significance In this study, we found that Covid-19 prolonged nasal MCC time regardless of age. We suggest that corticosteroids should be included in the treatment of Covid-19, both with its symptom reduction and its positive effect on MCC duration.

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19)-related myocardial injury is an increasingly recognized complication and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the most commonly used non-invasive imaging technique for myocardial involvement. This study aims to assess myocardial structure by T2*-mapping which is a non-invasive gold-standard imaging tool for the assessment of cardiac iron deposition in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia without significant cardiac symptoms. Twenty-five patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and 20 healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled.Cardiac volume and function parameters, myocardial native-T1, and T2*-mapping were measured. The association of serum ferritin level and myocardial mapping was analyzed. There was no difference in terms of cardiac volume and function parameters. The T2*-mapping values were lower in patients with COVID-19 compared to controls (35.37 [IQR 31.67-41.20] ms vs. 43.98 [IQR 41.97-46.88] ms; p 0.0001), while no significant difference was found in terms of native-T1 mapping value(p = 0.701). There was a positive correlation with T2*mapping and native-T1 mapping values (r = 0.522, p = 0.007) and negative correlation with serum ferritin values (r = - 0.653, p = 0.000), while no correlation between cardiac native-T1 mapping and serum ferritin level. Negative correlation between serum ferritin level and T2*-mapping values in COVID-19 patients may provide a non-contrast-enhanced alternative to assess tissue structural changes in patients with COVID-19. T2*-mapping may provide a non-contrast-enhanced alternative to assess tissue alterations in patients with COVID-19. Adding T2*-mapping cardiac MRI in patients with myocardial pathologies would improve the revealing of underlying mechanisms. Further in vivo and ex vivo animal or human studies designed with larger patient cohorts should be planned.

Background Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a frequent kind of arrhythmia that affects around 1% of the general population. While PVC most frequently impairs ventricular function in structurally normal hearts, retrograde ventriculo-atrial conduction can occur in people with PVC. These retrograde atrial activations may mimic pulmonary vein-derived atrial ectopies. As a result, PVC may raise the risk of AF by retrograde ventriculo-atrial conduction. The Four-Dimensional Automated Left Atrial Quantification (4D Auto LAQ) tool is a left atrial analytical approach that utilizes three-dimensional volume data to quantify the volume, as well as LA longitudinal and circumferential strain. The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical diagnosis of PVC is connected with abnormal LA functions as determined by LA strain evaluation utilizing a 4D Auto LAQ compared to the normal population. Methods 58 patients with frequent PVCs were enrolled in the research, along with 53 healthy volunteers as a control group. Imaging was performed using the GEvivid E95 ultrasonic diagnostic instrument (GE Healthcare; Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norway) equipped with an M5S probe (frequency range: 1.5–4.6 MHz) and a 4V probe (frequency range: 1.5–4.0 MHz). Images were imported into and selected for analysis using the EchoPAC203 software (GE Healthcare). The analysis mode was selected, followed by the volume and 4D Auto LAQ submodes. Following that, the sample point was positioned in the center of the mitral orifice in each of the three planes. The'review' function was used to acquire the LA parameters measured by 4D Auto LAQ, including volume and strain parameters. Results The maximum left atrial volume (LAVmax) and minimal left atrial volume (LAVmin) were signifcantly higher in patient group (38.91±9.72 vs. 46.31±10.22, 17.75±4.52 vs. 23.10±7.13 respectively, all p values Conclusion The present study found that premature ventricular contractions can lead to atrial remodeling as well as ventricular remodeling in patients with PVC and 4D LAQ technology can quantitatively evaluate atrial myocardial function and detect these changes early. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Dorsal preservation techniques have been preferred and gained popularity in recent years. The current study compares the effects of dorsal preservation and dorsal reduction rhinoplasty on nasal patency and aesthetic outcomes by using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and rhinomanometry. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare dorsal preservation and dorsal reduction techniques with rhinomanometry.This is a prospective study of 34 patients who underwent rhinoplasty between January 2021-June 2022. The patients were randomly selected preoperatively and divided into two groups as structural rhinoplasty (SR) and preservation rhinoplasty (PR). Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) scales and rhinomanometric evaluation were performed preoperatively, at 3rd month and 12th month postoperatively.Nineteen patients (10 female, 9 male) were in SR group, 15 patients (7 female, 8 male) were in PR group. There was not significant difference in terms of age and gender between groups. In both groups, NOSE, SCHNOS-O and SCHNOS-C results were found to be significantly lower at postoperative 3rd and 12th month compared to preoperatively (p 0.001 for the entire SR group, p = 0.001 for the entire PR group). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of PROMs. Mean total nasal volume (TNV) at 12th month were statistically higher than preoperative value in PR group (p = 0.031). Also there was no significant difference in SR group and between groups in terms of rhinomanometry results.Dorsal preservation with pushdown technique provides good functional and aesthetic results comparable with structural rhinoplasty.This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 . A well-designed prospective clinical trial.

Background: Resistin is known as a potential mediator of obesity-associated insulin resistance. The high resistin level disrupts nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation which is also important in erectile function. An antioxidant alkaloid, Boldine, is known as anti-diabetic and protects endothelial functions. Objectives: We aimed to investigate resistin expression in penile tissue in the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and the effect of Boldine treatment on erectile functions in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) rat model. Materials and methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, MetS, and boldine treated MetS group. MetS parameters were assessed by serum triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), glucose, insulin levels, HOMA index, and waist circumference (WC)/tibia length (TL) ratio. To evaluate erectile functions, intracavernous pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio was performed during cavernous nerve stimulation. Protein expressions of resistin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), p(S1177) eNOS, and insulin receptor-? were evaluated by Western blotting. Results: TG, glucose, insulin levels, weight, WC/TL ratio, HOMA index and resistin expression in penile tissue were significantly increased and ICP/MAP values, and p (S1177) eNOS expression in penile tissue were decreased in MetS group. Boldine treatment enhanced ICP/MAP values, insulin receptor-? and p(S1177) eNOS expressions compared with the MetS group. Discussion and Conclusion: MetS caused a deterioration in erectile function accompanied by an increase in resistin expression and a reduction in eNOS enzyme activation in the rat penile tissues. Boldine treatment resulted in an improvement in erectile function, independent of resistin expression. © 2020 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu, TÜBITAK: 114S792, This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (114S792).

Acute acoustic trauma is defined as a sudden sensorineural hearing loss that occurs after an exposure to acoustic overstimulation. Increasing the oxygen in perilymph can be a treatment modality. Our study aims to investigate the influence of normobaric oxygen therapy on the recovery of acute acoustic trauma and to compare it with the hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Three groups of rats (5 rats each) were exposed to white noise for 1 hour. Sensorineural hearing loss was identified using distortion product otoacoustic emission. Subsequently, the first group was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the second group was treated with normobaric oxygen therapy, and the third group did not receive any treatment and was used as a control group.There was a statistically significant difference within time for frequencies of 1, 1.5, and 2 kHz, but there was no statistically significant difference between groups. For frequencies of 3, 4, 5, and 6 kHz, there was a statistically significant difference within time and between groups. Between groups, recovery of distortion product otoacoustic emission values in all frequencies was better in the control group by the third, fifth, and seventh days. Comparing the values of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and normobaric oxygen therapy groups, it was observed that by the third day, the hyperbaric oxygen therapy values were better than those of the normobaric oxygen therapy values. However, by the fifth and seventh days, the normobaric oxygen therapy values were better (except at a frequency of 1 kHz).Because there is a high rate of spontaneous recovery, physicians should be more selective to treat patients with oxygen therapies.

Background Imidazole nucleus has been used efficiently in the development of many drug molecules due to its therapeutic effects. Many derivatives of it have been produced particularly for use in cancer treatment. However, the anti-cancer effects of imidazole nucleus in liver cancer cells are as yet unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of imidazole nucleus in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Methods and results Anti-cancer effect of imidazole nucleus was investigated using cell viability assay, apoptosis analysis, cell migration analysis, cell morphology analysis, colony formation assay and 3D cell culture techniques in HuH-7 and Mahlavu cell lines. Also, effect of imidazole on AKT and ERK1/2 pathways were determined using by western blot analysis. Imidazole decreased cell viability in both HCC cell lines in a dose and time-dependent manner and also suppressed the colony forming ability of the cells (p < 0.05). Imidazole increased the cleaved caspase 3 protein levels and thus induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Imidazole induced morphological alterations and autophagy by increasing intracellular vacuolization. Also, imidazole decreased the viability and dimensions of HCC cell tumor spheroids produced in 3D cell cultures (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that all of these effects, are defined above, appeared in parallel with suppression of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by imidazole nucleus. Conclusions The findings of this present study established the anti-cancer effects of imidazole nucleus in HCC cell lines and showed that it could be a potential molecule in the treatment of HCC via inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways., Academic Oncology Association from Turkey, We would like to thank Academic Oncology Association from Turkey for funding support. We thank Professor Dr. Nee Atabey for providing us with the HCC cell lines.

Background: The possible anti-cancer properties of boron, a trace element for humans, have been demonstrated in various experimental and epidemiological studies, although the effects of boron on liver cancer are unclear. In the present study we evaluate the effects of boric acid on the cell lines of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the liver, as the leading form of liver cancer, for which a poorly-differentiated HCC cell line (Mahlavu cell line) was used. Methods: The anti-cancer effect of boric acid was investigated with a cell viability assay, apoptosis analysis, cell migration analysis, cell morphology analysis, colony formation assay and 3D cell culture techniques. Also, the effect of boric acid on the AKT signaling pathway was determined through a western blot analysis. Results: Boric acid was found to reduce cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and decreased survival, colony formation ability, migration capability and HCC cell tumor spheroid growth in HCC cell lines, while also inducing apoptosis, autophagy and morphological alteration. Furthermore, boric acid inhibited AKT phosphorylation, and anticancer biological responses in HCC cells were observed only in cells in which AKT phosphorylation was suppressed by boric acid. Conclusion: Our results suggest that boric acid might be a promising therapeutic candidate in hepatocellular carcinoma via the inhibition of AKT signaling pathway., Academic Oncology Association from Turkey, This study was funded by Academic Oncology Association from Turkey.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is strongly associated with metabolic dysregulations/deregulations and hyperglycemia is a common metabolic disturbance in metabolic diseases. Hyperglycemia is defined to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells in various cancers but its molecular contribution to HCC progression and aggressiveness is relatively unclear. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms behind the hyperglycemia-induced EMT in HCC cell lines. Here, we report that high glucose promotes EMT through activating c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase via promoting its ligand-independent homodimerization. c-Met activation is critical for high glucose induced acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype, survival under high glucose stress and reprogramming of cellular metabolism by modulating glucose metabolism gene expression to promote aggressiveness in HCC cells. The crucial role of c-Met in high glucose induced EMT and aggressiveness may be the potential link between metabolic syndrome-related hepatocarcinogenesis and/or HCC progression. Considering c-Met inhibition in hyperglycemic patients would be an important complementary strategy for therapy that favors sensitization of HCC cells to therapeutics.

Background: Peritonsillar abscess is a serious infectious disease of the tonsil tissue. Treatment usually requires both medical and surgical approaches to relieve symptoms. Recently, some tests such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin in addition to clinical follow-up are thought to be additional inflammatory monitoring markers.Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the CRP/albumin ratio can be used to predict conversion to peritonsillar abscess in patients with acute tonsillitis.Patients and methods: This study was conducted by retrospectively evauating the CRP / albumin ratios of 138 patients with acute tonsillitis and 106 patients with peritonsillar abcess who were admitted to our clinic between January 2003 and June 2020. Leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, C – reactive protein, albumin and neutrophil – lymphocyte ratio values were simultaneously analyzed and compared between groups.Results: CRP / albumin ratio levels were significantly higher in the peritonsillar abscess group than in the acute tonsillitis group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between peritonsillar abscess and acute tonsillitis group in neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio levels (p > 0.05). While the rate of albumin was found to be significantly lower in the peritonsillar abscess group, the lymphocyte count was found to be significantly higher. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein values (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The CRP / albumin ratio is thought to be an easy-to-measure, reproducible, non-invasive prognostic score that can be used to predict peritonsillar abscess formation in patients with acute tonsillitis., Amaç: Peritonsiller apse, tonsil dokusunun ciddi bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Tedavisinde genellikle semptomları hafifletmek için hem tıbbi hem de cerrahi yaklaşımlar gerekir. Son zamanlarda, klinik takibe ek olarak C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve albumin gibi bazı parametrelerin, ek enflamatuar izleme belirteçleri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı akut tonsillitli hastaların peritonsiller apseye dönüşümünü tahmin etmek için CRP / albumin oranının kullanılıp kullanılamayacağını araştırmaktır.Hastalar ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Ocak 2003 ile Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Konya Şehir Hastanesi Kulak Burun Boğaz Kliniği’nde yatış yapılarak takip edilen 138 akut tonsillitli ve 106 peritonsiller apseli hastanın retrospektif olarak CRP/albumin oranları değerlendirilerek gerçekleştirildi. Aynı zamanda lökosit, nötrofil ve lenfosit sayıları ile CRP, albümin ve nötrofil / lenfosit (NLO) oranı değerleri de retrospektif olarak analiz edildi ve hasta grupları arasında karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: CRP / albumin oranı düzeyleri peritonsiller apse grubunda, akut tonsillit grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p0.05). Peritonsiller apse grubunda albümin oranı anlamlı olarak düşük bulunurken (p0.05).Sonuç: CRP / albümin oranının, akut tonsillitli hastalarda peritonsiler apse dönüşümünü tahmin etmek için kullanılabilecek ölçülmesi kolay, tekrarlanabilir, invaziv olmayan ve inflamasyona dayalı prognostik bir skor olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Virtual Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology (ASCO) -- JUN 04-08, 2021 -- ELECTR NETWORK, [No Abstract Available], Amer Soc Clin Oncol

Engineered silica nanoparticles (SiNP) are emerging materials for medical applications. Evaluating biological responses of specific cells treated with engineered silica nanoparticles is however essential. We synthesized and characterized the physicochemical properties of silica nanoparticles with two different sizes of 10 and 100 nm (10SiNP and 100SiNP) dispersed in cell culture medium. HuH-7, an epithelial-like human hepatoblastoma cell line and SK-HEP-1, a liver sinusoidal endothelial cell line (LSEC) are employed to evaluate their biological responses for the SiNP treatment. Primary human lymphocytes are used to assess genotoxicity recommended by OECD guidelines while erythrocytes are used to assess hemolytic activity. The engineered silica nanoparticles are not able to produce radical species, to alter the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induce any adverse effects on cell proliferation. The colony formation ability of HuH-7 hepatoblastoma cells was not affected following the SiNP treatment. Furthermore, SiNPs do not induce hemolysis of red blood cells and are not genotoxic. These findings suggest that SiNPs regardless of the size, amount, and incubation time are biologically safe vehicles to deliver drugs or genes to the liver. © 2020 Elsevier B.V., İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, İYTE: 2012IYTEBAP06, This work was supported by the Izmir Institute of Technology [grant number 2012IYTEBAP06 ].

Nasal polyp is originating from the nasal mucosa or paranasal sinus mucosa. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the possible effects of inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-13 (IL-13), IL-25, IL-33 and Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) in the pathogenesis process of nasal polyp and relationship between these parameters and disease severity.Our study was designed as a prospective case-control study. Patients diagnosed with nasal polyp were included in the patient group. The control group comprised volunteers with age and gender compatibility who does not have the disease. IL-13, IL-25, IL-33 and SDC-1 levels were detected in serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Nasal polyp disease severity was evaluated by means of "Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22", "Lund-Mackay Score" and "Lund-Kennedy Score".In this study, 35 patients, 29 controls, a total of 64 participants were included. Our evaluation revealed that all cytokine levels in the patient group were statistically significantly higher than the control group (p 0.05). However, there was no correlation found between scoring methods and cytokine levels (p 0.05).The increase in cytokine levels in the patient group suggested that cytokine-mediated inflammation processes may be effective in nasal polyp pathogenesis.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovasculardiseases and is responsible for the increase in cardiovascular mortality.Chronic hyperglycemia is related to accelerated atherosclerosis. In this study,we tried to demonstrate the relation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)level, which is a marker of long-standing hyperglycemia, and aortic stiffness,which is a marker of cardiovascular disease.Patientsand Methods: In total, 100 patients withtype 2 DM were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groupsaccording to the HbA1c level (group 1 HbA1c ≤ 6, group 2 HbA1c between 6 and 7,and group 3 HbA1c ≥ 7).Results: Significant correlation was found between aortic distensibility andHbA1c level (r= 0.283, p= 0.004). Moreover, aortic distensibility was alsocorrelated with the duration of DM (r= −0.172, p= 0.05) and age (r= -0.27, p=0.006). Significant correlation was determined between aortic strain andfasting blood glucose level, HbA1c level, and the duration of DM (r= −0.265, p=0.008; r= 0.279, p= 0.005; and r= −0.14, p= 0.03, respectively).Conclusion:In this study, we showed that aortic stiffness was increased in patients withtype 2 DM who have high blood fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. Our study alsoshowed that the duration of DM was related to aortic stiffness.Echocardiographic non-invasive evaluation of aortic stiffness may be helpful inthe estimation of cardiovascular risk in patients with DM., Giriş: Tip 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için major riskfaktörüdür ve DM’li hastalar artmış kardiyovasküler mortalite ve morbiditeyesahiplerdir. Kronik hiperglisemi ile ilişkili olan birçok mekanizma buhızlanmış aterosklerozdan sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amaç DM’lihastalarda uzun dönem glisemik kontrolün belirteci olan HbA1c seviyesi ilekardiyovasküler hastalıkların belirteci olan aortik sertlik arasındaki ilişkiyisaptamaktır.Hastalarve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza kliniğimize başvuran Tip 2 DM’li 100hasta alındı. Hastalar HbA1c değerlerine göre üç gruba ayrıldı.Bulgular: Gruplar arasında açlık kan şekerleri, DM süresi ve oral antidiyabetik yada insülin kullanımında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde farklı bulundu.Aortik esneyebilirlik ve HbA1c düzeyi arasında önemli ilişki bulundu (r= 0.283;p= 0.004). Bunun yanı sıra, DM süresi (r= -0.172; p= 0.05) açlık kan şekeri(r=0.292; p= 0.003) ve hasta yaşı ile (r= -0.27; p= 0.006) aortikesneyebilirlik arasında da istatistiksel anlama ulaşan korelasyon tespitedildi. Bunun yanında aortik gerilim ile açlık kan şekeri, HbA1c, DM süresiarasında (sırasıyla; r= -0.265; p= 0.008, r= 0.279; p= 0.005 ve r= -0.14; p=0.03) anlamlı korelasyon bulundu.Sonuç:Bu çalışmada, yüksek açlık kan şekeri ve HbA1c düzeyine sahip tip 2 diyabethastalarında aortik sertliğin arttığını gösterdik. Aynı zamanda çalışmamızdiyabetin süresi ile aortik sertliğin ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ekokardiyografiylenoninvaziv yöntem olarak ölçülen aortik elastisite parametreleri hastalığın erkendöneminde kardiyovasküler riski tahmin etmede ve önlemede faydalı olabilir.

Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and is frequently seen in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). This study was designed to evaluate whether the acute effect of native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) on intracavernosal pressure (ICP) is reversible and related to plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), endogenous inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels and eNOS expression in cavernous tissues. Hyperlipidemia was induced by a single dose of intravenous 4 mg kg(-1) nLDL. Experiments were performed 72 h (72H), 2 weeks (2W) and 8 weeks (8W) after nLDL injection. Endothelium-dependent relaxations, the ratio of ICP to mean arterial pressure (MAP; ICP/MAP), plasma ADMA levels and eNOS mRNA and protein levels were evaluated. The ICP/MAP ratio decreased in both the 2W and 8W groups. Endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to acetylcholine in the rat thoracic aorta were damaged in the 8W group. Plasma ADMA levels increased in the 8W group. mRNA expression of eNOS decreased in a time-dependent manner, whereas the protein expression increased. These results suggest that acute nLDL injection-induced impairments in erectile functions during an 8-week period are irreversible and might be related to an increase in ADMA levels and changes in the regulation of the eNOS/NO pathway.

e15057 Background: In women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Tamoxifen is the most commonly used drug for the endocrine treatment of breast cancer. It reduces the risk of recurrence and death from breast cancer when given to estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer patients. It has recently been shown that imidazoles, an antifungal drug, possess anticancer potentials, and it can be a novel therapeutic in cancer treatment. However, the effects of combined treatment with imidazole and tamoxifen are unknown in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of imidazole and tamoxifen combination in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines. Methods: MCF7 cell line, an estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell line, was used in this study. Following 24 hours 50 mM imidazole (molecular grade) treatment, 15µM tamoxifen was treated to MCF-7 cells by 72 hours. As control groups, following for 24-hour imidazole alone treated, only medium treated cells for 72 hours were used. MTT assay was performed for the determination of cell viability. Apoptosis was shown using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. The cellular morphological alterations were observed on bright-field microscopy using Giemsa staining. Cell migration status was determined using by in vitro scratch assay. Results: MTT assay results showed that tamoxifen alone treatment for 72 hours decreased cell viability by 18 percent (p < 0.001). On the other hand, cell viability is not affected by imidazole alone treatment for 24 hours compared with the control group (p > 0.05). However, it was calculated that 24 hours of imidazole followed by tamoxifen for 72 hours decreased cell viability up to 42 percent (p < 0.001). Tamoxifen alone group, compared with combined treatment with tamoxifen and imidazole, observed an increase of apoptotic cell numbers in combined treatment with tamoxifen and imidazole group, statistically significantly (p < 0.01). It was observed that cellular morphology was affected by combined treatment with tamoxifen and imidazole. Giemsa staining results showed that MCF 7 cells changed their cellular morphology, lost cell-cell contact, differentiated from parental morphology and cellular morphology, and appeared unhealthy. Parallel to these findings, a decrease in cell migration was observed in the combined-treated group compared to the tamoxifen alone group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results showed that sequential usage of imidazole followed by tamoxifen has an enhanced anticancer effect of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines. These results allow us to establish a new hormonal treatment for patients with breast cancer.

Introduction Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems can present cells multiple cues that cells are subjected to, including gradients of cytokines and secreted proteins from neighbouring cells, biochemical and mechanical interactions with the extracellular matrix, and direct cell-to-cell contacts in a controllable and reproducible fashion. Simulating microenvironment with LOC devices is crucial to understand metastasis preference of cancer cells especially for planning personalised therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Material and methods Peristaltic-pump was used to circulate HCC cells, HuH-7 and SNU-449. Survival under shear stress was analysed by fluorometric and microscopic analysis. Adhesion and proliferation were measured by live cell analysis system. HUVEC cells were used to simulate extravasation of circulating cells. BEAS2B, HS-27A and THLE-2 cells were used as homing targets to simulate bone, lung and liver, respectively. Image analysis was performed with fluorescent and confocal microscopy. Results and discussions Firstly, we determined the effect of shear stress in a time-dependent manner on adhesion and proliferation of HCC cells. Circulation under shear stress up to 30’ caused an increase in both adhesion and proliferation significantly, whereas longer exposure time has a negative effect on adhesion, proliferation and, survival. HuH-7 cells with epithelial phenotype found to gain increased survival capacity under shear stress than its mesenchymal counterpart SNU-449. Then, we investigated the homing preference of HCC cells by using a novel micro-circulation LOC device. Shear stress, microenvironmental conditions (medium, matrigel, coating, etc.), cell labels and numbers (homing, HCC) were optimised for LOC. Representation of endothelial barrier was succeeded by monolayer coating of ’flow-channel’ by HUVEC cells. HCC cells were circulated for 4 hours then LOCs were incubated for 3 days. The extravasation and homing preference of HCC cells were determined by confocal imaging. Consistent with the high frequency of intrahepatic metastasis in HCC, SNU-449 cells mostly preferred to home into the channel with normal liver cells. Conclusion Our study suggests designed LOC system has a potential to predict homing capacity and organ preference of circulating tumour cells in HCC. In addition to precision medicine applications such as drug screening, this device could be used as a three-dimensional tool for understanding tumor-microenvironment interactions with mechanistic explanations in metastasis.

Background Nasal fracture is generally encountered alone or in combination with other serious injuries. The objective of this study was to analyze patients who had pure nasal fracture. Methods Forty-five records from patients with pure nasal fracture treated in the hospital between 7 October 2005 and 14 December 2011 were included. The following nasal fracture criteria were evaluated: age at the time of nasal trauma, gender, accident type, use of alcohol, findings of the physical examination, treatment time after the nasal fracture, and year and seasonal distribution. Results The age ranged from 6-32 years, with a mean age of 21 years. The most frequent reasons of the injury were violence 60% (27 cases) followed by falling 31% (14 cases), accidents 4.5% (2 cases) and sport injuries 4.5% (2 cases). The most frequent findings were tenderness in 71.1% (32 cases), followed by swelling in 51.1% (23 cases), nasal deviation in 42.2% (19 cases), and epistaxis in 15.6% (7 cases). Nasal bone fracture was diagnosed exactly by standard X-ray films in 91.1% (41 cases). Conclusion In this study; pure nasal bone fractures occurred primarily among men under 25 years of age, and fights were found to be the main etiologic factor.

BACKGROUND The efficiency of nasal surgeries can be determined by objective or subjective methods. We have assessed the effect of nasal obstruction after different nasal surgeries using Acoustic Rhinometry (AR) and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale. METHODS Between May 2011 and May 2012, 40 young adult patients and 10 healthy volunteers as control group who referred to Otorhinolaryngology Clinic in Eskisehir Military Hospital due to nasal obstruction were enrolled. Depending on operation, patients were divided into four equal groups. Group 1: Septoplasty, Group 2: Septoplasty with sprader graft, Group 3: Septorinoplasty and Group 4: Septorhinoplasty with spreader graft. The patients completed NOSE scale, 1 week before and 1 month after the surgery and AR measurements. RESULTS There were a significant improvement in mean NOSE scores of patients and statistical difference was found between pre and post-operational values for each group. There was a statistically significant change of the mean minimal cross section areas (MCA) of the deviated side of nasal passages measured by AR between pre and postoperative period. CONCLUSION In patients with nasal obstruction, functional nasal surgeries which were performed after appropriate medical examination and with right operation methods had a positive impact on quality of life and patient satisfaction. We observed that nasal findings were correlated with NOSE scores and MCA values. So, we suggest that NOSE scale and AR to be used for evaluation of the efficiency of functional nasal surgeries.

The mechanism of boron effect on human transcription and translation has not been fully understood. In the current study it was aimed to reveal the role of boron on the expression of certain transcription factors that play key roles in many cellular pathways on human subjects chronically exposed to low amounts of boron. The boron concentrations in drinking water samples were 1.57±0.06mg/l for boron group while the corresponding value for the control group was 0.016±0.002mg/l. RNA isolation was performed using PAX gene RNA kit on the blood samples from the subjects. The RNA was then reverse transcribed into cDNA and analyzed using the Human Transcription Factors RT2 Profiler™ PCR Arrays. While the boron amount in urine was detected as 3.56±1.47mg/day in the boron group, it was 0.72±0.30mg/day in the control group. Daily boron intake of the boron and control groups were calculated to be 6.98±3.39 and 1.18±0.41mg/day, respectively. The expression levels of the transcription factor genes were compared between the boron and control groups and no statistically significant difference was detected (P>0.05). The data suggest that boron intake at 6.98±3.39mg/day, which is the dose at which beneficial effects might be seen, does not result in toxicity at molecular level since the expression levels of transcription factors are not changed. Although boron intake over this level will seem to increase RNA synthesis, further examination of the topic is needed using new molecular epidemiological data.

HYPOTHESIS To investigate neurotrophic changes in the injured facial nerve in rats. BACKGROUND Time-dependent follow-up of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) concentrations in a standardized nerve-cut and nerve-crush trauma model could present valuable information about estimation of the extent of the injury. METHODS Ninety Wistar rats were grouped into permanent (transection: nerve-cut) and transient (compression: nerve-crush) nerve injury and analyzed for neurotrophic changes at Week 1 and after 1, 3, and 6 months. Ten undissected rats served as controls. Permanent injury was accomplished with a 5-mm transection. To model transient injury, the facial nerve was pressed by vascular clamps for 40 minutes. Rat BDNF and CNTF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to perform histochemical analysis of blood samples. Measurements were compared with variance analysis and Student's t tests. RESULTS BDNF levels in nerve-injured preparations from both groups at consecutive intervals were not significant from those of controls, except for transient increases in the first week. When BDNF levels in nerve-cut and nerve-crush groups were compared at each interval separately, differences were insignificant (p > 0.05). CNTF levels at consecutive intervals were significant from that of control rats in both groups. When CN0054F levels in nerve-cut and nerve-crush groups were compared at each interval separately, differences were significant (p = 0.023, p = 0.001, p = 0.043, and p = 0.023). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of BDNF in the first week after nerve injury do not differentiate the severity of the facial nerve injury. However, diminished CNTF levels in the nerve-crush group were significant when compared with that of nerve-cut group. This finding suggests the possibility that CNTF levels can distinguish whether the facial nerve is interrupted after trauma. Further experimental studies should investigate the indicative role of CNTF levels as a marker of nerve disruption in the clinical setting.

Epidemiological and in vitro studies have showed that boron may have anti-carcinogenic properties. Chromosome aberrations assay and sister chromatid exchange assays have showed that boron has no genotoxic effects on cytogenetically stable cell lines. Aim of this investigation is determine to effects of different boron compounds which are boric acid (BA), borax pentahydrate (BP) and disodium pentaborate decahydrate (DPD) ) on exist cytogenetic disruption with variable doses (250, 500 and 1000µM ) on cytogenitically unstabel CCL 62 (HeLa Contaminant) cell line. In order to test this hypothesis, following the boron treatment on the cell lines for cytotoxcity was performed using MTT that cell viability assay. For genotoxicity was used chromosome aberrations assay (CAs) and micronucleus assay (MN), CAs and MN frequency calculated in each boron dose. Boron compaunds effected proliferation of CCL 62 (human amniotic ephitelial) cell lines in a time, species and dose dependent manner. According to data obtained from CAs and MN assays, no significant difference was found between control groups which were not treated any of boron compaund with boron treated groups (p>0,05). In conclusion, we established that BA, BP, and DPD effected proliferation of CCL 62 cell lines in a time, compaund and dose dependent manner, however no evidence was observed suggesting these compounds cause an increase or decrease in the level of existing cytogenetic defects in these cell lines., Epidemiyolojik ve in vitro çalışmalarında bor bileşiklerinin anti karsinojenik olabilecekleri gösterilmiştir. Sitogenetik yönden stabil olan hücre hatlarında kromozom aberasyonları, kardeş kromatit değişimi gibi testlerle yapılan çalışmalarda borun herhangi bir genotoksik etkisi ortaya konulmamıştır. Bu çalışmada ise farklı bor bileşikleri olan BA (borik asit), BP (boraks pentahidrat) ve DPD (disodyum pentaborat dekahidrat)’ ın 250, 500 ve 1000µM dozlarında uygulanmasıyla, sitogenetik olarak stabil olmayan CCL 62 (He La kontaminant) hücre hattındaki arında var olan sitogenetik bozulma üzerine olan etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla hücre hatlarına bor bileşikleri uygulamasını takiben sitotoksisite için hücre canlılık testi (MTT) ve genotoksisite için kromozom aberasyonu (KA) ve mikroçekirdek (MÇ) testleri uygulanmış ve bor bileşiklerinin her bir dozunda meydana gelen KA’larının ve MÇ’lerin frekansları hesaplanmıştır. Tür, doz ve süreye bağlı olarak bor bileşiklerinin CCL-62 (insan amniyotik epitelyal) hücre hatlarının proliferasyonunu etkilediği görülmüştür. KA ve MÇ analizi verilerine göre ise; herhangi bir bor bileşiği uygulanmayan kontrol grubu hücrelerle, bor bileşikleri uygulanan hücrelerin KA ve MÇ sayıları karşılaştırıldığında kontrol grubu ve bor bileşiklerinin uygulandığı gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptanamamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç olarak bileşik türü, doz ve süreye bağlı olarak BA, BP ve DPD’ nin CCL 62 hücre hatlarının proliferasyonunu etkilediği, diğer taraftan bu hücre hatlarında var olan sitogenetik bozulma üzerine arttırıcı ya da azaltıcı bir etkisi olmadığı gösterilmiştir.

Melkersson described a syndrome that consists of peripheral facial palsy and swelling of the lips. Its classical form is characterized by recurrent paralysis of the facial nerve, swelling of one or both lips, and lingua plicata (also defined as “scrotal tongue” or “fissured tongue”). In our case, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson’s disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hypertension and pleural effusion were found together with MRS. Whether it is only a co-incidence or there is a causal relationship between MRS and these disorders, especially rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, merits further investigation. Turk Jem 2009; 13: 40-2

The purpose of this study was to show the clinical characteristics of microtia and congenital aural atresia cases in Turkey and to make the classification. For this purpose, records of 28 patients with microtia who were admitted to the ENT Clinic of Eskisehir Military Hospital, Turkey, between 1995 and 2011 and 3 patients admitted to the ENT outpatient clinic of Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital, Turkey, were analyzed retrospectively. Of the total 31 patients with microtia (35 microtic ears), involvement of the right ear of 20 patients (64.5%), the left ear of 7 patients (22.5%), and bilateral involvement in 4 patients (12.9%) were observed. There was a unilateral involvement in 27 patients (87.1%). According to the Marx grading, 2 patients (5.7%) had grade 1 malformation, 3 (8.6%) had grade 2 malformation, 29 (82.9%) had grade 3 malformation, and 1 (2.9%) had grade 4 malformation (anotia). Although the characteristics of microtia vary in different population, the results in Turkey are consistent with those in the literature.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common malignancy worldwide, with a high mortality rate. The incidence of GC has declined in the western countries during the last decades. The glutathione S-transferases comprise a group of enzymes that are critical in the detoxification of carcinogens. In this study we aimed at the relationship GSTP-1 methylation in patients with intestinal metaplasia with and without Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric cancer and controls. METHODOLOGY The methylation status of GSTP1 gene was analyzed by methylation specific PCR after bisulfate modification in H. pylori (+) (n=25) and (-) (n=25) intestinal metaplasia (IM) patients, GC (n=25) and control subjects (n=15) between September 2009 to November 2011. RESULTS During the study period 90 patients who underwent endoscopic examination were included in the study. When we considered the GSTP1 gene methylation profile in all of the groups; 26 (28%)patients had methylated GSTP1 gene, 31 (34%) patients had unmethylated GSTP1 gene and 33 (36%) patients had heterogeneously methylated GSTPI gene. CONCLUSIONS GSTP1 gene methylation profile is not appropriate for early diagnosis of cases with gastric cancer.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma yet studies that have investigated the relationship between erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma have usually focused on symptom-related evidence or polymorphisms. There are no epigenetic gene expression studies on this topic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma to identify whether there is a genetic predisposition for esophageal adenocarcinoma. The Human Epigenetic Chromatin Modification Enzyme RT(2) Profiler(™) PCR array (PAHS-085A) was used to detect the expression of 84 key genes encoding enzymes. This was carried out prospectively for samples from 60 patients (20 patients as a control group, 20 patients with erosive esophagitis and 20 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma). AURKA, AURKB, NEK6 were expressed at significantly higher levels in esophageal adenocarcinoma compared to the control group. MBD2 was expressed at significantly lower levels in the esophageal adenocarcinoma group compared to the control group. AURKA, AURKC, HDAC9 and NEK6 were expressed at significantly higher levels in erosive esophagitis compared to the control group. There was no difference in upregulated gene expression between the erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma. MBD2 was significantly downregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma compared to erosive esophagitis. NEK6 and AURKA were significantly upregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma and erosive esophagitis compared to the control group. This is a novel study on the genetic predisposition for erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma. AURKA and NEK6 are two promising genetic markers for erosive esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

The relationship between chronic heart failure (CHF) and insulin resistance (IR) has long been recognized. We examined the relationship of IR with left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions and functional capacity of CHF patients with metabolic syndrome.The study included 50 nondiabetic CHF patients with metabolic syndrome (NYHA class I-III; 40 men, 10 women; mean age 60+/-10 years). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the AHA/NHLBI (American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute) criteria. Insulin resistance was determined by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Pulse-wave Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging were performed to assess LV structure and functions.Patients with LV ejection fractionor=40% (n=25) had significantly higher NYHA functional class (p0.001) compared to those with EF40% (n=25). Fasting plasma insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR did not differ significantly in this respect. No significant differences were found in LV geometrical patterns, diastolic and systolic functions in patients with (HOMAor=2.7; n=19) or without (HOMA2.7; n=31) HOMA-IR. However, patients with HOMA-IR had a lower NYHA functional capacity (p0.0001). HOMA-IR showed significant increases in parallel with NYHA functional class.Our findings suggest that IR in CHF patients with metabolic syndrome is not associated with LV systolic and diastolic functions, but is strongly linked with worsening in NYHA functional capacity.

Endothelial dysfunction might be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) although the exact mechanisms have not yet been demonstrated. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is also related to endothelial and structural dysfunction.To asses the relationship between CAE and ADMA plasma concentrations.Thirty patients with CAE in a mean age of 55.5 +/- 3.6 years and 40 patients with normal coronary arteries in a mean age of 53.3 +/- 11.6 years were studied. The ADMA levels of all patients were analysed by ELISA method.The mean ADMA level in the CAE group was found to be significantly higher than the mean ADMA level in the normal coronary artery group (2.26 +/- 0.47 vs. 1.43 +/- 0.40 micromol/l, p0.001). The elevated ADMA level (1.80 micromol/l) was present in 83.0% of patients from the CAE group and 25.0% of patients from the normal coronary artery group (p0.001). Having an increased ADMA level enhanced the risk of CAE 15-fold. The multiple-adjusted OR of the risk of CAE was 18.71 (95% CI 4.95-70.68) for the higher ADMA level compared to the lower level.Asymmetric dimethylarginine level is significantly associated with the presence of coronary artery ectasia. These findings suggest that increased ADMA level may be associated with endothelial dysfunction leading to the development of coronary artery ectasia.

29th Turkish Cardiology Congress of the Turkish-Society-of-Cardiology (TSC) with International Participation -- OCT 26-29, 2013 -- -- Antalya, TURKEY, WOS: 000329858400396, …, Turkish Soc Cardiol

Background: Mitral stenosis (MS) is still the most common complication of acute rheumatic fever in Turkey. Rheumatic carditis affects not only cardiac valves but also myocardium. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and contraction of short and long axial circumferential and longitudinal fibers by pulsed wave tissue Doppler in rheumatic MS patients who have preserved LV systolic function in 2D echo-cardiography. Methods: Fifteen severe, 20 moderate rheumatic MS patients hospitalized for mitral balloon valvuloplasty, and 15 patients who had normal echocardiographic findings were included in the study. After routine conventional transthoracic echocardiographic examination, LV myocardial systolic velocities were evaluated with pulsed wave tissue Doppler in the short and long axis with simultaneous electrocardiographic monitoring. Results: Long axis first systolic velocity (SW1) of mild-moderate and severe MS was much lower than normal group (10.7 ± 2.3 in normal group vs. 7.9 ± 1.3 in mild-moderate MS group vs. 6.2 ± 1.4 in severe MS group, p < 0.001). Long axis Q-SW1 duration was longer in mild-moderate MS group (145 ± 32 in normal group vs. 199 ± 43 in mild-moderate MS group, p = 0.001). Short axis Q-SW2 duration was longer in normal group compared to mild--moderate and severe MS groups (298 ± 41 in normal group vs. 245 ± 37 in mild-moderate MS group vs. 234 ± 26 in severe MS group, p < 0.001). Significant correlation between mitral valve area and SW1, Q-SW1 was determined (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Even if LV functions are normal with conventional 2D echocardiography, subclinical systolic dysfunction exists in MS. Also, there is a dyssynchrony between contraction of longitudinal and circumferential myofibrils. © 2014 Via Medica.