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A recent study conducted by the Polish Academy of Sciences highlights the urgent need for an effective vaccine against Shigella flexneri, a bacterium responsible for causing severe diarrheal disease. The research focuses on the protective properties of outer membrane protein C as a potential universal antigen for a Shigella vaccine, which has shown promising results in protecting mice from a lethal strain. This study sheds light on the challenges faced in developing a vaccine for shigellosis and emphasizes the importance of continued research efforts in this area to combat the high mortality rates associated with the disease. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers from Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt, focused on the relationship between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels and primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The study found that PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in ITP patients compared to non-immunologic thrombocytopenic patients and healthy controls. While the study did not find a direct association between PAI-1 levels and bleeding severity or risk of thrombosis, it suggested a potential link to the increased thromboembolic risk in ITP patients. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06660719, is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SP-8203 (otaplimastat) in combination with thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke patients. The trial aims to assess the impact of this combination therapy on patient outcomes, including modified Rankin Scale scores and incidence of adverse events. The study involves 852 participants and is set to be completed by March 30, 2027, with detailed eligibility criteria and outcome measures outlined for the trial. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark examined the impact of hypothermia treatment on fibrinolysis in cardiac arrest patients. The research found that hypothermia treatment led to increased plasminogen activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels, and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels. This inhibited fibrinolysis, even after rewarming, which could potentially increase the risk of thromboembolism in these patients. The study was peer-reviewed and published in Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management. [Extracted from the article]

Research from Universidade do Estado do Amazonas explores the role of the urokinase-like plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in leukemia, focusing on its interaction with the tumor microenvironment. Studies have shown that high levels of uPAR are associated with decreased chemosensitivity in certain types of leukemia, as well as immune evasion and dysfunction of effector cells. The research suggests that targeting the uPAR receptor could be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress tumorigenesis and improve treatment outcomes in leukemia patients. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn in Poland examined the predictive role of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in patients undergoing coronary angiography over a 10-year follow-up period. The research found that higher suPAR concentrations were associated with increased mortality risk, particularly in older patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease. The study suggests that suPAR levels could potentially help in predicting long-term outcomes and guiding individualized management strategies for high-risk patients. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, focused on investigating the expression levels of prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) and osteopontin (OPN) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis. The research found that serum levels of PIVKA-II and OPN correlated significantly with HCC presence, cirrhosis severity, Child-Pugh grading, and patient prognosis. The study concluded that the combined diagnostic use of these biomarkers enhances detection rates of HCC with cirrhosis and holds substantial clinical value, recommending their incorporation into clinical practice. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Capital Medical University have identified potential drug targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal disease with limited treatment options. Through proteome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis, they found a positive association between Prothrombin and increased IPF risk, as well as an inverse association with Bone Sialoprotein (IBSP). These findings suggest that Prothrombin and IBSP could be promising candidates for drug development in treating IPF, although further clinical investigations are needed to confirm these results. The study was supported by the Beijing Research Ward Demonstration Construction Project and The Ministry of Science And Technology of The People's Republic of China. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Urmia University of Medical Sciences conducted a study to evaluate the barriers to receiving tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute ischemic stroke at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. The study found that the main obstacle to timely thrombolytic therapy initiation was the delay in visiting the emergency room. The researchers suggest that public education to increase general awareness could help reduce this delay. This study provides valuable insights into improving the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from King Khalid University in Abha, Saudi Arabia, conducted a study on the effects of Shilajit on oral cancer cells. The study found that Shilajit induced apoptosis and suppressed cell migration in oral cancer cells by targeting specific molecular mechanisms. The research suggests that Shilajit could be a promising treatment option for oral cancer, highlighting the need for further investigation in this area. [Extracted from the article]

The clinical trial NCT06630455, conducted by Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, aims to determine if Meu-cinn promotes gastric mucosal health in adults with functional dyspepsia and assess its safety. Participants will take Meu-cinn or a placebo daily for 8 weeks and undergo various tests and checkups. The trial will measure outcomes such as gastrointestinal symptom scores, pepsinogen levels, and inflammatory markers to evaluate the effects of Meu-cinn on gastric health. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a clinical trial, NCT06627218, focusing on the management of major bleeding following trauma using Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC). The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PCC in treating traumatic bleeding, as well as adherence to recommendations for its use. The trial is currently recruiting participants in China, with a primary completion date set for December 31, 2025. The study seeks to address the controversy surrounding the use of PCC in trauma management and the lack of clear indications for its use. [Extracted from the article]

This document summarizes a clinical trial that is investigating the effectiveness and safety of two thrombolytic therapies, tenecteplase and alteplase, in treating acute ischemic stroke. The trial aims to provide valuable information for clinicians in selecting the most appropriate treatment options for different patient profiles. The study will enroll 6000 patients and evaluate their functional outcomes at 90 days post-treatment. The primary investigator is Dr. Jialing Wu from Tianjin Huanhu Hospital in China. The trial is expected to be completed by October 2026. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Department of Pediatrics in Sousse, Tunisia discusses a rare case of acute cerebellar ischemic stroke in a 2-year-old child. The child presented with symptoms of ataxia and cranial nerve palsy, but also exhibited a severe intracranial hypertension syndrome, which is life-threatening. Further investigation revealed a protein C deficiency, and the child experienced complications including thrombosis of the vena cava and renal vein. This research highlights the importance of early detection and treatment of protein C deficiency in pediatric patients with stroke symptoms. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Teikyo University in Tokyo, Japan, has found that certain chemotherapy drugs used to treat luminal A-type breast cancer may increase the risk of thrombosis. The study focused on the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a molecule that inhibits the fibrinolytic system and increases the risk of thrombosis. The researchers discovered that treatment with microtubule-associated anticancer drugs, such as paclitaxel and vinblastine, increased PAI-1 release from MCF-7 cells, a luminal A-type breast cancer cell line. However, this increase in PAI-1 production was not observed in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings suggest that chemotherapy using microtubule-associated drugs may contribute to thrombosis in luminal A-type breast cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Tanta University in Egypt aimed to identify predictive factors for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA). The study included 460 patients, with 115 receiving rTPA and 345 not receiving it. The researchers found that HT patients in the rTPA group had higher rates of smoking, respiratory rate, and lower platelet count, low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol levels. In contrast, HT patients in the non-rTPA group exhibited higher blood pressure, random blood sugar, and lower ASPECT scores. The study concluded that there were specific predictors associated with HT in AIS patients receiving rTPA and those not receiving it. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in China aimed to investigate the relationship between blood pressure variability and hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke who received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolysis. The study found that 24-hour systolic blood pressure extremes post-admission were significantly associated with hemorrhagic transformation. The researchers emphasized the importance of continuous blood pressure monitoring and tailored intervention strategies to ensure patient safety during thrombolysis. They also highlighted the need for vigilance regarding delayed hemorrhagic transformation, particularly in patients with high rt-PA. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at the College of Health and Medical Technology has found that soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) may be a potential biomarker for stage III-IV, grade C periodontitis in patients with head and neck cancer. The study included 150 participants, consisting of chronic periodontitis patients with and without head and neck cancer, as well as healthy controls. The results showed that chronic periodontitis patients with head and neck cancer who had undergone radiotherapy had significantly higher levels of suPAR compared to the other groups. The study suggests that suPAR levels could be used as a diagnostic tool for periodontitis in head and neck cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the functional diversification of serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs), focusing on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). PAI-1 is known to inhibit tissue- and urokinase-type plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA) to regulate fibrinolysis, but its inhibitory function towards other serine proteases, such as coagulation factor XIIa (FXIIa) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), is unknown. The study used deep mutational scanning to assess the effects of amino acid substitutions in PAI-1 on its ability to inhibit these proteases. The research provides insight into the functional diversification of SERPINs and lays the groundwork for further studies on other proteases and their regulators. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at the University of Missouri explores the role of plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in promoting resilience to acute oxidative stress in cerebral arteries, specifically in females. The study found that PAI-1 can limit cell death and mitochondrial depolarization in male mice, while in female mice, the absence of PAI-1 led to increased cell death and mitochondrial depolarization. These findings have implications for stroke treatment and the restoration of blood flow. The study was published in the journal Pharmaceuticals. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital in Maharashtra, India, focused on the use of plasminogen activators in managing submacular hemorrhage (SMH) caused by polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). The researchers treated a 60-year-old woman with SMH using a combination of subretinal tissue plasminogen activator injection, intravitreal brolucizumab injection, and perfluoro propane (C3F8) gas injection. The patient's visual acuity improved significantly after the procedure, and the technique showed promising results for treating massive SMH due to PCV. The study provides long-term follow-up data for nearly 18 months. [Extracted from the article]

A research study conducted by the University of Utah Health Sciences Center provides new insights into inherited disorders of the fibrinolytic pathway, which are extremely rare. These disorders primarily manifest as hemorrhagic phenotypes and can be challenging to diagnose using conventional coagulation testing. Treatment options for these disorders include pharmacological antifibrinolytics and advances in human plasma-derived plasminogen concentrates. Genetic testing is recommended for patients suspected of having an inherited disorder of the fibrinolytic pathway. For more information, readers can refer to the article "Inherited Disorders of the Fibrinolytic Pathway: Pathogenic Phenotypes and Diagnostic Considerations of Extremely Rare Disorders" published in Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Wisconsin has investigated the impact of a specific mutation in cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) on heart function. The W792R mutation in the C6 domain of cMyBP-C has been found to cause severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in humans, but its exact mechanism and effects on cMyBP-C function were previously unknown. The researchers created a mouse model with the W792R mutation and found that it led to cardiac hypertrophy, myofibrillar disarray, and fibrosis. They also observed increased Ca2+ sensitivity and altered gene expression in the mutant mice. The study provides insights into the pathology of this mutation and its potential impact on heart contractility. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Seattle, Washington has found that the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasmin system, which is involved in blood clotting, may also play a role in protecting beta cells from the toxic effects of amyloid aggregation in type 2 diabetes. The researchers observed an increase in the expression of tPA and plasmin activity in islets with amyloid deposition, and found that plasmin could degrade amyloid and restore cell viability in beta cells. These findings suggest that increasing islet plasmin activity could be a potential strategy to prevent beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes. The study was funded by various organizations including the National Institutes of Health and the American Diabetes Association. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Tanta University have conducted a study on predictors of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after reperfusion therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The study included 115 patients who received rTPA and found that 21.7% of patients experienced HT, while 6.9% experienced symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). The study identified several predictors of HT, including higher respiratory rate, higher atrial fibrillation rate, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower LDL level, higher Fazekas score, lower ASPECT score, and onset-to-needle time greater than 180 minutes. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing management and potentially improving outcomes for acute ischemic stroke patients. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study on the human antibody response to Outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelellia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. The study evaluated 13 peptides derived from OspC and found that diagnostic serum IgG reacted significantly with 11 of the peptides, with the C10 peptide being the most reactive. In post-treatment Lyme disease serum samples, two OspC peptides, including C10, were significantly more reactive than controls. The study highlights the complexity of B cell responses to B. burgdorferi and the challenges in interpreting antibody profiles associated with Lyme disease. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Prishtina in Kosovo explored the immunohistochemical expression of protein C inhibitor (PCI) in patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The study involved 56 prostate samples diagnosed as PCa and 30 BPH samples. The researchers found that 60% of PCa patients had moderate or strong staining intensity for PCI, while all patients with BPH had no staining or low staining for PCI. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between PCI and PCa. The study suggests that PCI could potentially serve as a diagnostic marker for PCa, but further research is needed. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology have conducted a study on the combined treatment of submacular hemorrhage (SMH) using low-dose subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and intravitreal conbercept. The study involved 14 patients with SMH who underwent the treatment, and the main outcomes measured were best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs), degrees of blood displacement, and adverse events. The results showed that BCVAs significantly improved at various time points post-treatment, and the procedure effectively eliminated subfoveal hemorrhages. The researchers concluded that this combined approach shows promise in enhancing both vision and anatomical structure in SMH therapy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from ICON plc provides new insights into the treatment of severe congenital protein C deficiency (SCPCD). SCPCD is a rare disorder that can lead to life-threatening complications shortly after birth. The report summarizes 18 publications, including 15 case studies, on the use of protein C concentrate as a long-term prophylaxis for SCPCD patients. The study found that treatment with protein C concentrate was generally effective in preventing coagulopathy and thrombosis and promoting the healing of cutaneous lesions. However, there were a few adverse events associated with one of the protein C concentrate treatments. Overall, this review offers valuable information on dosing regimens, administration routes, and clinical outcomes for patients with SCPCD. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast, United Kingdom, explored the use of activated clotting time (ACT) and prothrombin time (PT) to predict the appropriate dose of heparin in pediatric cardiac patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) circuits. The researchers found that an ACT between 146-165 was sufficient for anticoagulation, and there was a significant difference in ACT levels between patients who required re-exploration due to bleeding and those who did not. However, platelet levels did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The study suggests that using a regression equation to predict heparin dose based on ACT and PT could help reduce postoperative complications in pediatric patients on ECMO. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Lanzhou University in Gansu, People's Republic of China, investigated the treatment activity of coordination polymers based on Co(II) on postpartum hemorrhage by increasing prothrombin activity. The researchers created two coordination polymers using a mixed-ligand generation method and evaluated their treatment activity on postpartum hemorrhage. They assessed prothrombin activity in the plasma by measuring prothrombin time and determined the levels of factor II and factor XI using an ELISA detection kit. This research provides new insights into blood coagulation factors and their potential application in treating postpartum hemorrhage. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at the University of Arizona College of Medicine explores the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in brain ischemia, specifically MMP-9, MMP-3, and MMP-2. The study examines how the duration of ischemia and treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) affect the expression of these MMPs in experimental ischemic stroke with reperfusion. The researchers found that prolonged ischemia and r-tPA treatment increased MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression, while MMP-3 expression decreased. The study also found that the duration of ischemia and r-tPA treatment correlated with brain injury and neurological disability. The findings suggest that MMPs play a crucial role in ischemic stroke and could be potential targets for therapeutic interventions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Al-Azhar University in Egypt explored the relationship between Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels and the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The study involved 196 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and 50 healthy control individuals. The findings revealed that diabetic patients had significantly higher PAI-1 levels compared to the control group, and those with macroalbuminuria had even higher levels. The study also found a negative correlation between PAI-1 and creatinine clearance, suggesting a decline in renal function. This research provides valuable insights into the predictive marker of type 2 diabetic nephropathy in Egyptian patients. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06581796, that is currently recruiting participants in Turkey. The trial aims to investigate serum pepsinogen-1 levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum, a condition characterized by severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. The researchers hope to determine if there is a difference in pepsinogen-1 levels between women with hyperemesis gravidarum and those with uncomplicated pregnancies. The trial poses no risk to the pregnant women or their fetuses, and it has specific eligibility criteria and exclusion criteria. The primary completion date for the trial is October 31, 2024, and contact information for the primary and backup contacts is provided. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint article from biorxiv.org discusses the selection of DNA aptamers for the glucan-binding protein C (GbpC) of Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium that can lead to biofilm formation and dental caries. The researchers used a method called SELEX to obtain aptamer candidates, which were then tested for their interaction with GbpC and their ability to inhibit biofilm formation. Two of the aptamers showed promise in reducing biofilm formation by 30% in wild-type strains of S. mutans. This research provides potential lead molecules for the development of biofilm inhibitors. It is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Loyola University Chicago has found that a mutated surfactant protein C (SPC) gene, known as SftpcL184Q, is associated with respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis in newborns. The researchers used three-dimensional organoids to simulate the alveolar epithelium and compared the characteristics of AT2 cells between mice with the mutated gene and those without. They found that the number of AT2 cells was significantly reduced in mice with the mutated gene, and the expression of certain markers was altered. The study suggests that the mutated gene regulates the fate of AT2 cells independently of certain pathways. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06571552, is being conducted to examine the effects of therapeutic plasmapheresis on blood clotting. The trial aims to understand the changes in coagulation factors and their regeneration after plasmapheresis sessions. Researchers also want to determine the relationship between fibrinogen levels and the risk of bleeding after plasmapheresis. The trial involves various tests and measurements, including fibrinogen levels, blood cell counts, and clotting factor levels, taken before and after plasmapheresis sessions. The results of these tests provide valuable information about the impact of plasmapheresis on blood parameters. [Extracted from the article]