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Eight trial trenches were excavated in the fields to the south of the abbey, seven of which were located in an eastern field that had not been subject to previous archaeological work. This trenching was designed to investigate potential earthworks and field systems visible on a Lidar plot of the site. The eighth trench was excavated in the western field that had been previously investigated in 2019, in an attempt to identify the position of a potential tile kiln previously suggested by the recovery of a large quantity of tile wasters and the presence of a possible quarry. The earliest tangible remains consisted of two parallel mid/late Roman ditches situated c.40m apart that may have formed part of a field system; two shallow, poorly defined linear features may also have been associated. The earliest medieval remains consisted of a ditch and a quantity of 11th/12th-century pottery recovered from a root-disturbed area that may possibly predate the foundation of the abbey in AD1180. The majority of the medieval remains dated to the 13th/14th century, with one ditch dated to the late 14th to 16th century. All were probably contemporary with the life of the abbey and related to associated agricultural/horticultural activity. Some of the larger ditches formed part of a rectilinear field system that may have originated in the medieval period but continued in use into the post-medieval. It is feasible that this system may have provided an irrigation function as well as drainage. The additional trench excavated in the western field (the 1999 area) did not encounter any remains of a tile kiln, but did provide further evidence of the complexity of the below-ground remains in this part of the site. Partly exposed in the base of the trench were the articulated remains of a horse, probably buried in the late 19th or early 20th century, once the post-medieval farmyard and buildings in this area had gone out of use.

Twenty-six evaluation trenches were excavated across the c.6ha site. Archaeological remains were identified in nine of the evaluation trenches and consisted of a small number of post-medieval ditches that were partially visible on the ground as a series of negative earthworks. The earthworks were surveyed and the resultant plot correlated closely with boundaries depicted on the 1839 Stanford-le-Hope Tithe map and subsequent Ordnance Survey mapping from 1867-1882. The boundaries formed a rectangular enclosure with a smaller parcel of land to its north and a separate more extensive field boundary beyond. The rectangular enclosure is depicted as a plantation with an adjacent pond on the Tithe map. The plantation, pond and the smaller parcel of land are not, however, depicted on early OS mapping suggesting a change of landuse by the 1860s. The rectangular enclosure itself continued in use throughout the remaining 19th century and into the 20th century and was still depicted on OS mapping as late as 1970s and 80s but probably as a relict feature by now. Other post-medieval remains consisted of three gullies possibly with an agricultural function and an additional ditch not depicted on mapping. Part of a more modern ditch was identified and areas of disturbance and made ground that may have been associated with the construction of a sewerage system across the site.

Twenty-four evaluation trenches were excavated across the 2.6ha site, some targeted on plotted cropmarks. Archaeological remains were identified in nineteen trenches, distributed across the whole of development site. A complex of closely-spaced parallel ditches extended NW/SE across the middle of the site. This is posited to constitute the remains of a shifting significant boundary or route-way of probable prehistoric (possibly Early Iron Age?) date. Elements of two possible ditched field systems were recorded in the west of the site, one of tentative medieval/early post-medieval date and the other of late post-medieval date. Neither was apparent on historic mapping. The majority of recorded archaeological features were undated. These comprised further ditches, a gully, pits and possible postholes scattered across the site, some of which may have been contemporary with the probable prehistoric boundary/route-way.

A strip, map and sample excavation was undertaken within the 80sq m area located to the west of the house, at the site off a new library building. Part of the west range of the medieval abbey survived as three compacted gravel and mortar foundations. All traces of the stone wall superstructure had previously been removed. The position of the western wall of the range was identified along with the position of the probable southern wall. A third internal wall defined a room of approximate 5m width. No internal features were identified. Aligned perpendicular to the south-west corner of the range was a square or rectangular gravel-filled cut that might represent the position of an angled buttress attached to the corner of the building. Part of a later foundation of mortared brick, tile, flint and stone was located at the south end of the site. The foundation was dated on brick evidence to the Tudor period (or later) and may be associated with the existing cottage located c.6.5m to the south that may in origin date to the 15th or 16th centuries. Post-medieval activity was represented by a large shallow pit that may have robbed the postulated corner buttress. Numerous features may date to the 19th to early 20th century activity and include a ditch, a brick-lined drain and a series of broadly parallel gullies probably associated with some form of horticultural activity.

Three excavation areas totalling 2.32ha were investigated in the north, southwest and southeast parts of the site. A low level of prehistoric land use, spanning the Neolithic to Iron Age periods, was identified. Further parts of the distinctive Roman fields / cultivation systems previously encountered in Phase 1 were recorded in the north excavation Area and further parts of the NNNE/SSW orientated trackway identified in both the north and southwest areas. Roman period land use in the south areas of the site appears to have been of a significantly differing character, with a single large ditched enclosure dominating the southeast and a much more organic and irregular layout being prevalent in the southwest - perhaps of a more settlement nature. Of note is a Roman ring-ditch containing four well-furnished cremation burials in the southwest excavation area. While the Late Roman trackway appears to be inserted into the pre-existing layout in the north, in the southwest it disrupts land use and prompts a new enclosure layout in relation to it. A small number of features hint at occupation in the Early Saxon period, in the south excavation areas. A Late Saxon/early medieval settlement, probably a farmstead/manorial complex comprising linear buildings arranged around a yard, subsequently occupies the southeast area with a possible outlying structure being present in the southwest, separated by the former Roman trackway. No further land use activity is evidenced until the post-medieval period; a single ditch and pit evidence the agricultural landscape associated with the nearby earlier post-medieval farmstead of Cold Hall.

The watching brief monitored the general ground reduction of an area measuring c.289sq m and the excavation of foundation trenches for a new glasshouse, rill and retaining wall, all located to the east of the house/former abbey, and north of the formal lawn. The small area of investigation revealed limited remains, comprising three pits and a possible robber trench or boundary ditch containing domestic refuse dating generally between the 13th and 14th centuries, from the daily functioning of the abbey. Deposits of mortar, brick, stone and tile in the upper portions of the robber trench/boundary ditch, along with two shallow deposits containing similar material, are interpreted as demolition debris that may or may not derive from the dissolution of the monastery in the 16th century.

Fourteen evaluation trenches were excavated across the 1.3ha site. Four trenches contained potential archaeological remains. A very small sherd of residual prehistoric pottery suggests that the immediate landscape was little utilised in the prehistoric period. Five abraded sherds of residual Roman pottery attest to some activity in the area, perhaps most likely associated with agriculture. Medieval pottery was recovered from a large pit in the west of the site. The pit was probably infilled in the 12th century and perhaps associated with a nearby farmstead. No other medieval remains were identified. The western edge of the site was crossed by a NNE/SSW aligned post-medieval ditch that roughly correlates with a field boundary depicted on the 1839 Tithe Map, though it was not shown on earlier or later historic maps. Other investigated remains consisted of an undated charcoal-filled post-hole and a shallow linear feature of probable natural origin.

Thirty-two evaluation trenches were excavated across the c.5.9ha development area. Archaeological remains were limited to a pit, a post-hole and a ditch, all located within a single trench at the eastern edge of the site. The remains date to the medieval period (c.13th century) and are likely to be associated with agricultural activity. Survival of potential archaeological remains was severely compromised by the former gravel quarry, which covered almost all of the site other than its north-eastern limits. The edge of the quarry was identified in three trenches and this correlated well with the extent of the quarry shown on the 1979 Ordnance Survey map. The natural deposits had also been subject to truncation associated with subsequent golf course construction.

Five trial trenches were excavated in the field to the south-west of the abbey and south of Beeleigh Chase. The trenching was designed to investigate known earthworks that are believed to be part of a farmyard complex visible on an estate map of 1805 and on later historic Ordnance Survey mapping. The trenches were in-part located to examine (ground prove) a number of potential archaeological features identified during recent geophysical survey undertaken on the site by Dr Tim Dennis. The field had not been subject to previous intrusive archaeological investigation. A possible quarry pit was identified that may be associated with near-by tile production, as suggested by the large quantity of tile wasters present in the field, or with documented 16th-century brick production at Beeleigh Abbey. Also, of possible medieval date and contemporary with the earlier life of the abbey, soil layers were recorded at the base of some of the excavated sequences. Later medieval and post-medieval remains included lengths of wall of possible 16th-century date and an 18th-century structure that included upright post positions and associated partitions and is likely to be part of some sort of animal shelter. Some of the investigated remains are depicted on the 1805 estate map, such as the trackway and yard areas, and others such as the animal shelter are not, implying they are earlier in date. Investigation of the T-shaped building was inconclusive; its approximate location was identified, but little substantial remains defining its extents were observed. However, one partly-visible possible post-pit located within the porch area of the building, may have had a structural function.

Fanout Wafer Level Packaging (FoWLP) is a very attractive solution for microelectronics applications requiring optimized performance, smaller form factor, and low cost. By utilizing such an approach where system integration is done to multiple chips on a single package frame, the need to ensure much higher levels of process integrity, quality, and reliability becomes absolutely critical, especially if the total product volume lies in the range of tens of millions of units. A single defect type may negate the benefits of such an approach because the cost of losing one FoWLP unit results in the loss of multiple devices. Thus, yield, quality, and reliability optimization using such a package solution is critical for successful large scale manufacturing. In this talk, the issue of defectivity and its impact on quality and reliability on Wafer-Level (WL) devices with regards to the issue of Die Edge Delamination (DED) and Chip Mechanical Integrity (CMI) is discussed. Through this discussion and the resulting solutions found to improve WL quality and reliability, better understanding on how to assess the quality and reliability of a given FoWLP solution for large scale production will be demonstrated.

Ninety-three evaluation trenches were excavated across the 13.5 ha development area. A few pieces of undated residual prehistoric struck flint were recovered. One finely worked leaf arrowhead dated to the early Neolithic period. A single ditch was dated to the Middle Iron Age. There was no evidence of continuity of land use through into the earlier part of the Late Iron Age. Remains dating to the Late Iron Age and early Roman period were situated in the southern half of the site. All dated to the 1st century AD. Two phases were identified, one broadly dated to 10-80AD with a definite Late Iron Age element and the other, dating to 50-80AD, with a stronger early Roman element. Remains consisted of boundary ditches, pits, post-holes, a dark spread, a possible flint cobble surface and a cremation burial. A few 2nd and 3rd century AD sherds recovered from the upper fill of two early Roman ditches suggest that these ditches were not fully infilled until later in the period. A few small ditches in the south and east of the site contained medieval pottery of 11th to 13th century date. The main feature of the post-medieval period was a comprehensive field system, the earliest part of which predated the creation of the 1842 Cressing Tithe map. The remainder of the field system was visible on the Tithe map and continued in use into the latter half of the 20th century not being completely infilled until after 1973.

Six trial trenches were excavated in the paddock west of the extant abbey buildings, targeting areas of the field not previously investigated by the earlier excavation work undertaken by the Maldon Archaeological and Historical Group. The previous work revealed a medieval hall house, a separate smithy, a detached kitchen/bakehouse and the site of a Tudor brick clamp. Two medieval rubbish pits were identified in the trenching, one dating to the 13th-/14th century and the other to the 15th century. A variety of medieval finds were recovered, often as residual elements in later features. Finds included pottery, both local and imported, medieval and 'Tudor' bricks and several iron artefacts, such as a candlestick and a scabbard chape. A number of quarry pits, for the extraction of clay and gravel, were identified and dated to the late medieval/early post-medieval period. The two largest pits were located close to the previously excavated medieval hall house. Their presence suggests that this building may have gone out of use earlier in the 16th century, rather than at the Dissolution as previously suspected. In the south of the site, trenching revealed the cause of a linear hollow to be an underlying 19th-/20th-century ditch. No further building remains were encountered by the trenching.

SRAM physical unclonable function (PUF) provides a low-cost security key to address hardware attacks such as cloning as well as for reliability tracking of ICs in the field. In this work the quality and aging reliability of 28 nm high-K metal gate planar and 16 nm FinFET based SRAMs are discussed in detail with regards to their use in PUF. Data indicates that 16 nm FinFET process has a better SRAM PUF quality without any design modifications compared to the 28 nm planar process. In addition, the aging-induced bit instability is shown to be a reasonably small percentage of the overall bit counts.

Thirty-three 30m evaluation trenches were excavated across the 3.9ha site. Features were recorded in five trenches, none of which produced dateable artefacts. They included two possible tree throws, two large pits and a probable 20th-century tree-removal cut from a known conifer plantation. No remains proven to pre-date the 20th century were found.

Archaeological monitoring was carried out during construction of a new two-storey teaching block, associated car parking areas and access routes. Previous geophysical survey and trial-trenching of this c.1.5ha site recorded a low incidence of potential archaeological remains, but did not identify features clearly relating to either the Lexden Dyke that forms the southern boundary of the school site or to the course of the Heath Farm Dyke projected to cross the development area. The monitoring, primarily focusing on the excavation of service trenches, attenuation tanks and ground reduction along a new access road route, did not identify any archaeological remains relating to either the Lexden Dyke or Heath Farm Dyke, or encountered any Late Iron features possibly associated with them. All encountered remains were either boundary ditches of certain or probable post-medieval/modern date, or else were undated features of uncertain type. One ditch, a field boundary shown on OS maps up until the 1950s, was a further part of that recorded during the evaluation. The site had been disturbed to some extent by the insertion of a substantial service trench in the modern period, perhaps at the time of the school's construction. A second phase of monitoring, of a new Multi-Use Games Area (MUGA) to the north of the new teaching block, revealed a straightforward sequence of topsoil and former ploughsoil over natural sand and gravel. Two undated features, one of which was a small ditch, were recorded at the west end of the MUGA.

Archaeological evaluation was carried out on a 2.1ha area north of Bury Water Lane, Newport. Sixteen trial trenches were excavated across the site of a former commercial plant nursery. No archaeological remains of prehistoric date were identified. Three flint flakes of possible Neolithic/Early Bronze Age date and a sherd of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery were recovered residual in later features but do little more than indicate a prehistoric presence in the landscape during these times. The pottery was contemporary with remains found in archaeological fieldwork to the north of the current area. Archaeological remains identified by the evaluation were relatively sparse and consisted only of a few large ditches dating to the Roman period located in the south-west of the development area. All appeared to be part of a field system of early Roman date and contained similar brownish grey silty fills and finds assemblages. They were quite substantial features, the largest being 4m wide and over 1.2m deep. No contemporary features were identified and it is likely that any associated settlement activity is located further south. No remains of medieval or post-medieval date were identified. In particular, there was no evidence for the location of the postulated castle nor of occupation extending this far west of the medieval town. Numerous modern features present were mostly associated with the former nursery or its subsequent demolition.

Archaeological 'strip, map and sample' excavation was carried out over a c.3.5ha area of arable land (Area A4 Phase 4) at Bradwell Quarry (formerly Rivenhall Airfield), Braintree, Essex. Up to seven undated pits and post-holes in the east of the site could potentially be of prehistoric date. Similar undated features encountered across previous areas of the quarry have generally been assumed to be of Bronze or Iron Age. The majority of remains present date to the medieval period and were concentrated in the west of the site close to its northern boundary. The remains consisted of a number of ditches forming several small enclosures, a collection of possible structural features and a few pits and probably form part of a farmstead located adjacent to Cuthedge Lane. Pottery evidence suggests that it was in fairly continuous use from the early 13th century through into the 14th century. Although there is slight evidence to perhaps suggest two sub-phases of occupation or more intense activity, in the early 13th century and again in the later 13th to 14th century. In the post-medieval period the farmstead area was cut by two roughly north/south aligned ditches, one containing broad 16th to 19th century pottery and the other several ceramic field drains. In the south of the site one undated gully containing animal bone may also date to the post-medieval period. Two ditches depicted on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map were infilled with brick during construction of the WW2 airfield

These mitigation works involved the investigation of an additional trench (Trench 19) specifically positioned to investigate further the posited Roman road. The possible road was identified as a c. 5m-wide strip of gravel bordered on both sides by two series of sandy deposits 4m to 6.6m wide infilling and overlying two slight hollows. The hollows, believed to be for drainage purposes, cut away the natural brickearth on either side leaving the gravel on a slight mound. No Roman dating evidence was recovered.

The paper describes the instrumentation used for the measurements of various parameters of interest for a gravity based structure type offshore platform during its set-down model tests. The tests were conducted at the wave basin facility of National Research Council of Canada (NRC). The parameters of interest included motions of the model in six degrees of freedom, parameters describing the environmental conditions such as wave elevations on selected locations in the wave basin, inflow rate of the ballast water and the water levels in the ballast tanks as a function of time, all synchronized. The complexity of the instrumentation arose due to the need to model both external dynamics, i.e. motions, and internal dynamics, i.e. the dynamics of the ballasting operation. The set-down operation was simulated in different wave conditions. During the tests the motions of the model as it was lowered to the sea floor by the ballasting operation were measured by two different systems. The first one is a motion capture system, which uses cameras and associated software to determine the motions of the model. The second system consisted of an array of accelerometers and digital inclinometers installed inside the model. During the set-down tests the flow into the central compartment inside the model for ballasting operation was controlled by a peristaltic pump. It allowed start/stop/pause on command and ease of change of flow rate. Two associated parameters were recorded by the data acquisition system (DAS): pump-on-off and flow rate. The water collected in the central compartment was eventually distributed into the surrounding ballast compartments during operation. Each compartment was instrumented to record the water levels as a function of time. Synchronization of the data enabled locating and investigating specific events recorded by the DAS., The 4th International Conference on Advance Model Measurement Technologies for the Maritime Industry (AMT'15), 7-9 October 2015, Istanbul, Turkey

Archaeological evaluation and open area excavation was carried out by Archaeology South-East in advance of the construction of a single storey extension to the rear of the Rose and Crown public house. Excavation was only undertaken to the required construction formation level. Other than a single gully of Roman date remains mainly dated to the medieval and post-medieval periods. The earliest medieval remains consisted of a pit and a possible ditch in the north of the site dating to the 10th/11th century. A middle phase of activity represented by various pits, post-holes and gullies broadly dates from the 12th to the 14th centuries. The most significant feature is a north-east/south-west aligned property boundary ditch that appears to be respected by two 15th century buildings at the front of the property. In a later medieval phase dating to the late 15th to mid-16th century several large pits are dug, presumably for clay extraction, and are subsequently backfilled with cess and general rubbish. A fence-line appears to replace the infilled property boundary ditch. A contemporary barrel-lined well lies upon this boundary. Fence-lines identified in the post-medieval period are likely to be internal garden features as in the 17th century the two properties are combined and in use as an alehouse by 1691. Three cess pits, one of which is timber lined containing waste material from the alehouse firmly date to the 18th century. Modern brick and post-hole features broadly correlate with the positions of 19th century outbuildings shown on early Ordnance Survey maps.

An archaeological evaluation was carried out by Archaeology South-East on land between 90 and 92 High Garrett, Braintree, Essex, in May 2016. The fieldwork was undertaken on behalf of Brand Builders and Developers Ltd in advance of residential development. Five trial trenches were excavated across the 4135 Sq. m. evaluation area. No archaeological remains of prehistoric, Roman or Saxon were identified. One irregular pit contained a single sherd of abraded medieval pottery and a small piece of undiagnostic struck flint both of which might be residual. The pit was poorly-defined and may have resulted from root disturbance rather than deliberate human activity. In the centre of the site was a small west-north-west/east-south-east aligned ditch. No finds were recovered from the ditch but it was cut directly below the topsoil and so is likely to be of post-medieval date rather than earlier. The ditch does correlate with the positions of field boundaries shown on early Ordnance Survey mapping and so may pre-date the second half of the 19th century. Alternatively, as the ditch is relatively small, it is possible that it forms part of a smaller sub-division within a larger field rather than being a major boundary in its own right. Modern disturbance along the western edge of the site might be associated with infilling of a possible roadside ditch. luation by means of four 20m and one 10m trenches

Archaeological excavation was carried out in advance of residential development, c.1km south-west of the important Snape Anglo-Saxon mixed-rite cemetery and immediately north of a 2013 excavation containing Early Iron Age, Romano-British and Early/Middle Saxon period remains. Prehistoric remains consisted of a small number of pits of the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age date and more substantive ditch remains dating to the Middle Bronze Age, possibly all part of a field system, and three large pits. Prehistoric land use was replaced in the Late Iron Age/Early Roman period by a more regular and developed field system, though few discrete features associated with it were identified. Early Saxon remains consisted of a single Sunken Featured Building and a solitary pit. A large quarry pit in the north of the site was post-medieval or early modern. Prehistoric remains consist of a small number of pits of the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age date and more substantive remains dating to the Middle Bronze Age. These include two ditches and a gully, possibly all part of a field system, and three large pits and a further gully. Prehistoric land use was replaced in the Late Iron Age/Early Roman period by a more regular and developed field system, though few discrete features associated with it were identified. This system is rectilinear in layout and appears to be broadly aligned north/south. The southwards continuation of this system was recorded in the earlier excavation area. Early Saxon remains consist of a single sunken-featured building and a solitary pit which appear to be part of a more wide ranging settlement area, containing at least four buildings, identified in the previous excavation to the south. It is likely that occupation also continued further west of the areas excavated. The sunken-featured building contained post-holes to accommodate posts to support a central ridge and further paired post-holes in the four corners for timbers to support the roof or building ends. Pottery evidence suggests a broad 5th to 7th century date for these remains. Little evidence for activity post-dating the Early Saxon period was identified. A large quarry pit in the north of the site is likely to be of post-medieval or early modern date, as are a number of plough marks and ruts. Recent truncation and disturbance was noted in the south of the site.

Archaeological evaluation and monitoring was carried out at The Bull Public House, London Road, Pitsea, between February and April 2016. Six trial trenches were excavated across the c.6000 sq. m. development area followed by two phases of monitoring. The earliest remains consisted of a small 13th/14th century gully and a layer containing late 14th to early 15th century pottery. Residual pottery of medieval and early post-medieval date was also recovered. A building on the site is first shown on the Chapman and Andre map of 1777. A more detailed drawing of this is depicted on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of 1868. Two walls constructed from bricks of late 18th to mid-19th century date may be part of this structure as was an adjacent brick floor of possible early 19th century date. To the south of the building were a series of 18th century brick and cobble surfaces probably part of a contemporary yard. Underlying were two ditches, both back-filled in the 18th century. One of the ditches may have been replaced by a later brick culvert and the other by a c.mid-19th century brick drain. Other 19th century features included a brick-lined well, a possible robber trench, two ditches and a large pond. Documentary evidence indicates that there was a public house on site from at least 1828/9. The majority of the recovered pottery assemblage dates to the 18th century and could suggest that the building depicted in 1777 was also in use as an inn or tavern.

Archaeological evaluation was carried out in Plot F of the Chelmsford Business Park in advance of the construction of commercial premises. Plot F is located within an important and extensively investigated landscape that contains Neolithic and Bronze Age enclosures and settlement, an Early Saxon cemetery and a Late Saxon manorial complex. The Business Park site was formerly the grounds of a late 17th-early 20th century residence known as Springfield Lyons. Four trial trenches were located within the 2850sq m site. Only one trench contained archaeological remains, those of a single field ditch of post-medieval date. Widespread disturbance, in the form of the deposition of a significant thickness of made-ground and redeposited topsoil, was identified to have taken place. This is likely to have been the result of Plot F having been used as a construction compound during earlier phases of the Business Park development. The results confirm that the land outside of the Neolithic enclosure and north of the Bronze Age and Saxon settlements was not extensively utilised, except perhaps as farmland. The recorded ditch may relate to parkland land use surrounding the historic residence of Springfield Lyons.

An archaeological evaluation was carried out on land at the Martello Caravan Park, Kirby Road, Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex. Six 30m long trenches were excavated across the c.9000 sq. m. development area. Archaeological remains dating to the prehistoric and medieval periods were present in three trenches. The main concentration was in the west of the site (Trench 2) where eight shallow pit-like features were investigated of which four contained small amounts of possible Bronze Age pottery. The pits may be part of a structure or area of activity that clearly extends beyond the limits of the trench. A north-west/south-east aligned Bronze Age boundary ditch was identified in the south of the site (Trench 5). The probable Bronze Age remains are likely to be associated with agricultural and/or settlement activity on land close to the marsh edge. Other remains consisted of a small truncated gully of probable Iron Age date (Trench 4) and a pit or ditch of medieval or later date in Trench 2. Passing through the south and east of the site (Trenches 4, 5 and 6) was a boundary ditch depicted on late 19th and early 20th century editions of the Ordnance Survey whose modern backfill included broken pottery formerly belonging to London County Council who used the area as a campsite prior to the Second World War. No remains associated with the nearby Martello Tower were identified.

Anstey House is a 17th century residence which occupies a medieval moated homestead enclosure. Monitoring of groundworks were undertaken during the installation of a klargester unit and associated sewer run. No archaeological remains were found.

Archaeological Monitoring and Recording was undertaken during the construction of a new dwelling. No archaeological remains were identified. The overburden was excessively deep (1.3m to 1.6m+) and may have masked any early features. Natural deposits, at a depth of 1.3m, were only observed in the NE corner of the site.

Archaeological excavation at Plot N revealed the western side of the Springfield Lyons Early Saxon cemetery. Twenty three cremation burials were excavated along with a further two possible cremation burials. Also investigated was a pit dated to the Early Bronze Age. This pre-dated the construction of the nearby Late Bronze Age circular enclosure and its associated settlement. Two ditches forming part of a field system, probably contemporary with this settlement, were investigated along with a pit that contained a crushed near-complete pottery vessel. Four ditches forming part of a probable Roman field system were also identified along with a single Late Saxon field boundary ditch. No medieval or post-medieval remains were encountered. The route of the large WW2 anti-tank ditch was traced across the whole site and three Iron rails were observed that may have formed part of a dismantled wartime obstacle.

Archaeology monitoring and recording was undertaken during access improvement works at Walden Castle, Saffron Walden, Essex. Although the improvement works were situated within the scheduled grounds of Walden Castle no archaeological remains were positively identified. Topsoil and upper deposits contained modern finds, whilst lower deposits of silt and chalk were undated. No natural ground was observed.

The photothermal displacement technique has been used to measure the out-of-plane thermal diffusivity in free-standing polymer thin films. The technique can be applied to a single sample as well as a collection of samples of different film thickness. Polymers are well suited for this method because they usually possess a large vertical coefficient of thermal expansion and readily absorb UV laser radiation. In particular, this method yields a value of the thermal diffusivity for polymer films with thickness ranging from 125 to about 10 μm. Different polymers have been studied with particular attention paid to UPILEX-S (biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride-p-phenyl diamine) polyimide whose thermal diffusivity has been determined to be 0.0025±0.0005 cm2/s. Our study shows that the measurements are not strongly affected by uncertainties in the optical absorption coefficient of the polymer as well as photothermal displacement contributions from the backside of the free-standing film. Furthermore, neither the e...