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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Our objectives were to describe the use of thromboprophylaxis and the incidence of VTE/bleeding in critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies (HM)., Design: Retrospective cohort study (2014-2022)., Setting: Medic-Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in a tertiary care academic center., Patients: Adult patients admitted to ICU with a concomitant diagnosis of a hematological malignancy., Interventions: None., Main Variables of Interest: We analyzed demographic data, use of thromboprophylaxis and secondary outcomes that included incidence of VTE (venous thromboembolism), bleeding, mortality, severity scores and organ support. We applied a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the risk of thrombosis in the ICU., Results: We included 862 ICU admissions (813 unique patients). Thromboprophylaxis was given during 65% of admissions (LMWH 14%, UFH 8%, and SCDs 43%); in 21% it was contraindicated due to thrombocytopenia; 14% of cases lacked documentation on prophylaxis. There were 38 unique incident cases of VTE (27 DVT, 11 PE), constituting 4.4% of ICU episodes. Most of VTE cases happened in patients with various degrees of thrombocytopenia. In the multivariable analysis, SOFA score on the first ICU day was independently associated (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.96) with the risk of VTE. Bleeding occurred in 7.2% (minor) and 14.4% (major) of episodes; most frequent sites being CNS, abdomen/GI and pulmonary., Conclusions: In this cohort of critically ill patients with HM, there was considerable variability in the utilization of DVT prophylaxis, with predominant use of SCDs. The incidence of VTE was 4.4% and major bleeding 14%., Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05396157. Venous Thromboembolism in Hematologic Malignancy and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Patients: a Retrospective Study (https://clinicaltrials.gov/)., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Venous thromboembolim (VTE) is a highly prevalent condition that requires long-term monitoring and treatment. This monitoring includes: 1) completing the etiological study and determining the risk of VTE recurrence; 2) establishing the optimal duration of anticoagulant treatment, as well as the type of therapy and its dosage; 3) estimating the risk of bleeding, and 4) identifying the occurrence of chronic complications. This consensus document, prepared by the VTE Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), aims to update and establish consensus recommendations on these aspects. The document focuses on four aspects of management: the first includes risk factors for VTE recurrence after an unprovoked VTE episode and describes the predictive scores of VTE recurrence; the second focuses on risk factors for bleeding; the third provides recommendations for long-term follow-up in VTE, addressing specific considerations for screening chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs; and the fourth provides guidance on the optimal duration of extended anticoagulant treatment, as well as the type of therapy and its dosage. For each area, an exhaustive literature review was conducted, analyzing the updated VTE clinical guidelines and recent studies. This document is intended to be a guide in the long-term management of VTE based on the most current knowledge., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in the preparation and consensus of the recommendations., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) potentially plays a role in immune-thrombosis, possibly by modulating plasmin activity or contributing to chemotaxis in a complex, poorly understood context. The role of suPAR levels in the short-term prognostic of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) has not been evaluated., Material and Methods: This observational, prospective, single-center study enrolled consecutive patients aged 18 and above with confirmed acute symptomatic PE and no prior anticoagulant therapy. The primary objective was to assess the prognostic capacity of suPAR levels measured at the time of diagnosis in terms of mortality., Results: Fifty-two patients, with a mean age of 73.8 years (±17), were included, with gender distribution evenly split at 50%. Seven (13.5%) patients died. The ROC curve for mortality yielded an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI 0.48-0.96), with an optimal suPAR cut-off of 5.5ng/mL. Bivariate analysis for suPAR>5.5ng/mL was associated with a crude odds ratio of 10 (95% CI 1.63-61.27; p=0.01) for 30-day mortality. Survival analysis showed a 30-day mortality hazard ratio of 8.33 (95% CI 1.69-40.99; p<0.01)., Conclusion: suPAR emerges as a potential biomarker for short-term mortality prediction and holds the potential for enhanced stratification in patients with acute symptomatic PE., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introducción: la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es una frecuente complicación en las hemopatías malignas y tiene un significativo impacto en la morbilidad y la mortalidad. A pesar de existir múltiples scores bien validados para estratificar el riesgo de esta enfermedad en tumores sólidos, las hemopatías malignas están subrepresentadas en estos modelos. Objetivo: diseñar un índice predictivo para la estratificación del riesgo trombótico en pacientes con hemopatías malignas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles en el Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de la Provincia de Villa Clara, durante el período de octubre de 2016 a enero de 2019, en 285 pacientes hospitalizados con hemopatías malignas (94 con enfermedad tromboembólica y191 sin). Para el análisis univariado fue aplicada la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, Odds Ratio para la estimación del riesgo y V de Cramer para la fuerza de asociación. La regresión logística y la curva ROC fueron aplicadas en el análisis multivariado. Resultados: el índice predictivo de enfermedad tromboembólica quedó compuesto por cinco factores predictores: hipercolesterolemia, actividad tumoral, inmovilidad, uso de medicamentos trombogénicos y diabetes mellitus. Se definió como alto riesgo de trombosis al paciente que obtuvo cuatro puntos o más y bajo riesgo al que tuvo menos de cuatro puntos. El índice clasificó correctamente al 81,10% de los pacientes, para una sensibilidad del 59,57% y una especificidad del 92,15%. Los valores predictivos positivos y negativos fueron de 78,87% y 82,24%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el índice elaborado representó una herramienta específica y eficaz para la predicción de enfermedad tromboembólica en el paciente hospitalizado con hemopatía maligna.

Introduction: Current clinical guidelines do not recommend the routine use of thromboprophylaxis in cancer primary unselected patients. Identifying cancer patients who could be beneficiaries of thrombotic prophylaxis is a real challenge. We aimed to analyse the application of Khorana score in cancer patients. We also tried to evaluate the prescription of primary thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients at risk of venous thromboembolic disease (VTED). Methods: A retrospective observational study of survival of hospitalised patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE) at the Hospital Central de la Defensa from January 2009 to March 2018. They were stratified into tumour PE (TPE) and non-tumour PE (nTPE). A case-control study was also carried out by TPE patients and non PE cancer patients (nPEC). Results: 108 patients were diagnosed with TPE, 260 nTPE and 324 nPEC. Gynaecological tumours were the most frequent (23.1%), followed by lung, digestive and urological cancer (20.4% each) in the TPE group. Death risk was 1.9 times higher in cancer patients (95% CI: 1.23–2.8) (p

En diciembre de 2019, se describen en China los primeros casos de una infección producida por el virus SARS- CoV2 (severe acute respiratory síndrome coronavirus-2) y denominada COVID-19 (acrónimo en inglés de “coronavirus disease 19”). Con el paso de las semanas se han publicado varias series de casos de enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV) en pacientes infectados por SARS- CoV2. Se realiza una revisión de un total de 17 series con tres o más pacientes diagnosticados de forma simultánea de infección aguda por COVID-19 y ETV. El análisis se realiza sobre un total de 390 pacientes, 225 con embolia pulmonar y 165 con trombosis venosa profunda. Los hallazgos clínicos de ETV son confirmados en autopsias parciales y completas de pacientes con COVID-19. Existe controversia en la dosis adecuada de tromboprofilaxis , así como en la utilización de otras formulaciones de heparina, y fibrinolisis en pacientes con mala evolución clínica por SARS-CoV2. In December 2019, the first cases of an infection caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) and called COVID-19 (acronym in English for "coronavirus disease 19") are described in China. Over time, several case series of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) have been published in patients infected with SARS-CoV2. A review of a total of 17 series is performed with three or more patients diagnosed simultaneously with an acute infection produced by COVID-19 and VTE. The analysis is performed on a total of 390 patients, 225 with pulmonary embolism and 165 with deep vein thrombosis. The clinical findings of VTE are confirmed in partial and complete autopsies performed in patients with COVID-19. There is controversy in the adequate dose of thromboprophylaxis, as well as in the use of other Heparin formulations, and fibrinolysis in patients with poor clinical evolution due to SARS-CoV2.

Objective: Objectives. To assess the impact of training for emergency department (ED) nurses on adequate thromboprophylaxis for patients admitted to hospital from the ED for medical conditions. Methods. Multicenter quasiexperimental pre-post study of an ED nurse training intervention in 8 hospitals. Patients were recruited from January 2022 through May 2023 in 3 phases: before nurse training, in the first month after training, and in the sixth month after training. Included were patients attended in the ED for medical conditions. Adequate thromboprophylaxis was defined as 1) use of prophylactic drugs in patients at high risk for venousthromboembolism according to the Padua Prediction Score (PPS), and 2) nonuse in patients at low risk. We compared the percentage of adequate prophylaxis in the first phase to the percentages in the second and third phases. Results. A total of 928 patients were included (326 in phase 1, 295 in phase 2, and 307 in phase 3). PPS scores indicated that 238 (73%) of the patients were at high risk in phase 1 vs 189 (64.1%, P = .016) in phase 2 and 207 (67.4%, P = .125) in phase 3. A total of 187 patients (57.4%, 95% CI, 51.8%-62.8%) were adequatelythromboprophylaxed in phase 1 vs 178 (60.%, 95% CI, 54.5%-66%) in phase 2 (absolute difference in proportions, 3.0% (95% CI, -4.8% to 10.6%; P = .462)]. In phase 3, 166 patients (54.1%, 95% CI, 48.3%-59.7%) received adequate prophylaxis (difference, -3.3% (95% CI, -11.0% to 4.4%; P = .405). Conclusions. A training intervention for ED nurses, implemented as an isolated strategy, had no impact on the adequacy of thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted from the ED for medical conditions.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of inappropriate use of prophylaxis to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with medical diseases admitted to hospital from the emergency department. To explore variables associated with inappropriate thromboprophylaxis., Methods: Prospective multicenter cohort study in 15 hospital emergency departments. We included patients admitted for a medical condition during 7 days in the first quarter of 2022. We assessed risk for VTE with the Padua Prediction Score (PPS). Inappropriate thromboprophylaxis was defined by failure to prescribe prophylaxis in patients with a high-risk PPS assessment unless there were absolute contraindications (active bleeding or severe thrombopenia) or, alternatively, the prescription of prophylaxis in patients with a low-risk PPS assessment or absolute contraindications. A logistic regression model was adjusted for risk level to identify variables associated with inappropriate use of thromboprophylaxis., Results: Of a total of 630 patients included, 450 (71.4%) had PPS scores indicating high risk for VTE; 180 patients were at low risk. Thromboprophylaxis was inappropriate in 248 patients (39.4%): 165 high-risk patients who received no prophylaxis, 82 low-risk patients who were nonetheless treated, and 1 patient who was treated in spite of severe thrombopenia. Odds ratios (ORs) revealed that the variables associated with inappropriate use of thromboprophylaxis were trauma or recent surgery (OR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.58-19.34), presence of factors indicating risk for bleeding (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.44-4.73), and hospital admission for either urinary tract infection (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.07-4.87) or gastrointestinal disease (OR, 4.30; 95% CI, 1.71-10.85)., Conclusions: The inappropriate use of thromboprophylaxis in Spanish emergency departments is high and associated with certain clinical characteristics.

Introduction: venous thromboembolic disease is a frequent complication in hematologic malignancies and has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Despite the existence of multiple well-validated scores to stratify the risk of this disease in solid tumors, hematological malignancies are underrepresented in these models. Objective: to design a predictive index for the stratification of the thrombotic risk in patients with hematologic malignancies. Methods: an analytical observational study of cases and controls was carried out in the "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Hospital from Villa Clara Province, during the period from October 2016 to January 2019, in 285 hospitalized patients with hematological malignancies (94 with thromboembolic disease and 191 without). For univariate analysis, Chi-square test, Odds Ratio for risk estimation and Cramer's V for strength of association were applied. Logistic regression and ROC curve were applied in the multivariate analysis. Results: the predictive index of thromboembolic disease was composed of five predictors: hypercholesterolemia, tumor activity, immobility, use of thrombogenic drugs and diabetes mellitus. High risk of thrombosis was defined as a patient who scored four points or more and low risk as a patient who scored less than four points. The index correctly classified 81.10% of the patients, for a sensitivity of 59.57% and a specificity of 92.15%. The positive and negative predictive values were 78.87% and 82.24%, respectively. Conclusions: the developed index represented a specific and effective tool for the prediction of thromboembolic disease in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV) se relaciona con una mortalidad y morbilidad considerables. El trata- miento fundamental ha sido el uso de las heparinas de bajo peso molecular junto a los antagonistas de la vitamina K, en donde la evidencia científica ha demostrado la eficacia y seguridad suficientes en el tratamiento y la prevención secun- daria de la ETEV. No obstante, dicho tratamiento no está exento de complicaciones como el riesgo hemorrágico eleva- do a corto y largo plazo, la inconveniencia del tratamiento parenteral para el paciente, la necesidad de monitorización y las abundantes interacciones farmacológicas, que llegan a limitar la calidad de vida de forma considerable. Es por ello por lo que el uso de los anticoagulantes orales de acción directa (ACOD) ofrecen una alternativa eficaz y segura en los pacientes con ETEV respecto al tratamiento estándar, en pacientes sin cáncer. Sin embargo, en pacientes con cáncer, en donde el riesgo de recurrencia y sangrado es mucho mayor, la evidencia de los ACOD es todavía escasa.

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV), que incluye principalmente el embolismo pulmonar (EP) y la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) de extremidades inferiores, es una causa importante de mortalidad, especialmente en grupos poblacionales concretos como los pacientes oncológicos o la mujer embarazada

Copyright of Hospital a Domicilio is the property of Centro Internacional Virtual de Investigacion en Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cerebral venous thrombosis is part of the so-called thrombosis in unusual sites. It is defined as an occlusion in the cerebral venous territory. Its incidence is progressively increasing, especially in developing countries. It is more frequently observed in young women, with hormonal factors such as pregnancy or hormonal contraception being significant risk factors in the development of this condition. The clinical presentation will depend fundamentally on the topography of the thrombosis, with a confirmatory diagnosis based mainly on imaging tests. The treatment generally consists of anticoagulation, and other options may be considered depending on the severity of the case. Overall, the prognosis is better than that of other intracranial vascular disorders. This review describes the current evidence available regarding cerebral venous thrombosis., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)

Venous thromboembolic disease such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism are important causes of maternal mortality and has also been considered a public health problem in different countries. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism are considered part of the same disease with various clinical symptoms that affect the patient. Some epidemiological numbers of the venous thromboembolic disease are that its incidence is around 167 for every 1,000,000 people per year, in pregnant women it appears with an incidence of 0.5-2.2 per 1,000 pregnancies besides that it is of high mortality, it has increased in the last ten years and in their risk factors we can mention: thrombophilia, smoking, race, hypertension, obstetric hemorrhage, transfusions, obesity, cesarean section mainly. The therapeutic approach will depend on the clinical expression of venous thromboembolic disease. So this review includes data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, inflammation, risk factors related to venous thromboembolic disease in pregnancy, the identification of risk factors are not only essential for diagnosis, but are also important to prevent and treat the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La forma no provocada de enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV) representa aproximadamente la mitad de los casos de esta patología en ancianos. Como lo demuestran de forma reiterada diferentes trabajos epidemiológicos, es en mayores de 80 años donde la incidencia de la ETV es mayor. Ante la falta de estudios sobre ETV no provocada en ancianos, las recomendaciones sobre tratamiento de esta patología se extrapolan a partir de pacientes más jóvenes. Lo mismo sucede con las reglas de predicción de sangrado y recurrencias. Se dispone en la actualidad de nuevos fármacos anticoagulantes con igual efectividad y mayor seguridad que el tratamiento convencional; aunque la experiencia en ancianos es escasa. Esperamos que los estudios que se publicarán en el futuro (TEVIS, ExACT, ETV-GA) nos ayuden a resolver dudas que aún tenemos en este campo.

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa está rara vez asociada a trombofilias hereditarias que pueden clasificarse en dos categorías principales: mutaciones de pérdida de función (deficiencias de anti-trombina III, proteína C, proteína S) y mutaciones de ganancia de función (mutación del gen de la protrombina (G20210A), mutación MTHFR, Factor VIII, Factor V Leiden). Se presenta el caso de un hombre joven con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica (HPTEC) y heterocigosidad en el gen MTHFR, que ejemplifica la posibilidad de valorar esta patología en una consulta médica especializada no vascular, hematológica o reumatológica y dada la evolución clínica y los altos costos de atención médica de estos pacientes, justifica la revisión de la etiopatogenia y consecuen-cias clínicas de este polimorfismo, el cual provoca un desbalance homocisteína-metionina que influye en reacciones de proliferación celular, síntesis proteica, síntesis de RNA y procesos de metilación de DNA y otras sustancias a nivel celular. Sin embargo, su asociación con tromboembolismo es controvertida y no se ha podido confirmar una asociación signifi-cativa entre trombofilia hereditaria e HPTEC. Complicaciones como la que presenta el caso descrito con desarrollo de insuficiencia cardíaca derecha, en un paciente no tributario de endarterectomía, adquieren relevancia médico legal y ética, no solo por la posibilidad de prescripción de tratamiento médico y su costo para la seguridad social, sino por su efecto en la sobrevida, lo cual evidencia la importan-cia de estudios para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos profilácticos y terapéuticos y del consejo genético en casos de existir tendencia genéticamente determinada a enfermedad tromboembólica venosa.

Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 29 años de edad, con antecedente de prolapso de la válvula mitral, quien a los 16 días de parida se le diagnosticó trombosis venosa profunda ileofemoral del lado derecho y a los 15 días, aúncon tratamiento anticoagulante, comenzó con trombosis venosa profunda del lado izquierdo, así como también con cuadro clínico sugestivo de tromboembolismo pulmonar.Se concluyó como una enfermedad tromboembólica venosa, dada por la presencia de trombosis venosa profunda bilateral.No hubo oclusión de la vena cava inferior, los resultados de la ecografía Doppler fueron positivos en ambos miembros y la respuesta al tratamiento anticoagulante resultó adecuada

La enfermedad tromboembólica constituye un problema de salud que pone en riesgo la vida de miles de pacientes y en ella se encuentran relacionadas la trombosis venosa profunda y el tromboembolismo pulmonar. Su diagnóstico resulta difícil teniendo en cuenta que las manifestaciones clínicas y la mayoría de los medios para ello presentan limitaciones, de ahí la importancia de considerar de gran utilidad tanto los factores de riesgo como los test de probabilidad clínica para lograr un mejor enfoque; sin embargo, los cambios fisiológicos durante el embarazo favorecen la enfermedad y hacen más difícil el diagnóstico. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo ofrecer una información actualizada con vistas a orientar a la comunidad médica en el uso adecuado de estas herramientas y despertar en los obstetras la necesidad de trabajar con un modelo clínico predictivo, propio para el embarazo y puerperio

Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is a frequent complication in patients diagnosed with cancer and a cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 20% of thromboembolic episodes develop in association with active cancer. On the other hand, it is estimated that about 2-12% of cases, the thromboembolic episode is the first manifestation of an occult cancer, diagnosed at that time or subsequently, which offers an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment. There are multiple factors that contribute to increase the risk of VTE in oncological patients in relation to specific characteristics of the patient, the tumor and the treatments. Knowledge of these risk factors will contribute to early diagnosis when signs of VTE appear, as well as the assessment of thromboprophylaxis if indicated. The diagnosis of VTE in patients with cancer does not differ of those who do not suffer from it. Regarding the treatment of VTE in these patients, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), direct acting anticoagulants (DACs) and antivitamin K (VKA) are the most commonly used, although the dosing regimen and length are not clear yet. The management of these patients should be interdisciplinary and early, so the primary care physician plays a key role in this process as he/she is liaise with his/her patients. It is also necessary to update knowledge in order to improve the care of these patients. For these reasons, this document has been prepared by the Working Group on Vasculopathies of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) whose objective is to present the available information regarding the management of VTE that may appear in oncological patients, as well as the assessment of thromboprophylaxis and treatment, if appropriate, from an approach focused on a primary care field., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en el embarazo, constituye causa de morbilidad grave y mortalidad y es por ello que su prevención resulta una necesidad imperiosa. El objetivo de esta comunicación es pronunciarnos sobre el cuestionamiento realizado recientemente sobre la utilidad de las medias de compresión elásticas donde se alegan fundamentaciones que carecen de evidencias científicas. Tanto los métodos mecánicos como las heparinas no solo tienen utilidad en la prevención de esta enfermedad como procederes aislados, sino que también se complementan. Se concluye que dichas medias constituyen un método mecánico inocuo y eficaz en gestantes seleccionadas.

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa constituye una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en el período grávido puerperal, lo cual ha generado múltiples controversias en cuanto a su prevención y tratamiento. En este artículo se exponen las medidas preventivas y terapéuticas para tratar a mujeres con enfermedad tromboembólica en el embarazo y puerperio, para lo cual se detallan las medidas generales y el uso de antitrombóticos en la profilaxis de esta afección, así como también su utilización con fines terapéuticos. Se describen nuevos anticoagulantes, inhibidores directos de trombina y Anti/Xa, así como se exponen las modalidades de tratamiento quirúrgico, lo cual permitió como resultado introducir un protocolo de atención a la terapéutica de estas pacientes. Se concluye que si bien la profilaxis en población de riesgo es la piedra angular de la prevención, la anticoagulación eficaz constituye la herramienta básica para reducir la mortalidad.Venous thromboembolic disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pregnant-puerperal period, which has given rise to multiple controversies regarding its prevention and treatment. This article outlines the preventive measures and therapies to treat women with thromboembolic disease in pregnancy and puerperium, for which the general measures and the use of antithrombotics in the prophylaxis of this condition are detailed, as well as their use for therapeutics. New anticoagulants, direct thrombin inhibitors and Anti/Xa are described and the surgical treatment modalities are presented as well, allowing as a result to introduce a care protocol for treatment of these patients. It is concluded that although the risk population prophylaxis is the cornerstone of prevention, effective anticoagulation is the basic tool to reduce the mortality.

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es la primera causa no obstétrica de morbilidad materna, con un aporte importante a la mortalidad. En este artículo no solo se describen los factores de riesgo relacionados con esta entidad clínica en la gravidez vinculados a trombofilia, sino también con las afecciones previas de la gestación y los concernientes a embarazo y puerperio, así como los medios para su diagnóstico precoz, incluidas las principales manifestaciones clínicas y los mecanismos más fiables para confirmar la presencia de trombosis venosa profunda y tromboembolismo pulmonar. Sobre la base de lo anterior y de los valores del test de probabilidad se decidió agrupar los elementos favorecedores de su ocurrencia en 3 categorías: alto, mediano y bajo riesgo, con vistas a poder diagnosticar clínicamente con certeza su cuadro sintomático, adoptar la conducta médica expedita y emplear la profilaxis adecuada en cada caso.Venous thromboembolic disease is the first non-obstetric cause of maternal morbidity with an important contribution to mortality. In this article, not only risk factors related to this clinical disorder of gravidity involving thrombophilias are described, but also previous pregnancy conditions and those concerning pregnancy and puerperium as well as resources for its early diagnosis, including main clinical manifestations and the most reliable mechanisms to assure the presence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. Taking into account all the aforementioned data and the probability test values, elements favoring its occurrence were grouped into three categories: high risk, mild risk, and low risk; thus, diagnosis can be clinically made having the certainty of the symptomatic chart, assuming a clear medical behavior, and applying the appropriate prophylaxis in each case.

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 52 gestantes y puérperas, con diagnóstico de enfermedad tromboembólica venosa, que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2007 hasta julio del 2009. En la serie predominaron las mujeres en edad fértil (tercera década de vida) y los siguientes factores de riesgo: reposo prolongado en cama y uso de anticonceptivos orales. La mencionada afección primó en forma de trombosis venosa, sobre todo en las grávidas en el tercer trimestre de embarazo y en las que se decidió realizar cesárea; a los efectos, entre las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes figuraron: dolor, taquicardia y edema, principalmente en la pierna izquierda. El diagnóstico definitivo se estableció fundamentalmente a través de la ecografía Doppler, el tratamiento aplicado en la mayoría de las afectadas se basó en la heparina de bajo peso molecular y las complicaciones más frecuentes, relacionadas con la anticoagulación, resultaron ser las hemorragias y las trombocitopenias.A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 52 pregnant and puerpera women under a diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease who were admitted at the Intensive Care Unit from ¨Saturnino Lora Torres¨ Provincial Teaching Clinical-Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2007 to July, 2009. Women in childbearing age (third life decade) and the following risk factors: prolonged bed rest and oral contraceptive use were predominant in the series. The aforementioned affection was relevant in its venous thrombosis form, mainly in the gravid in the third trimester of pregnancy and in those who underwent cesarean delivery. To all intents and purposes, pain, tachycardia, and edema, mostly in the left leg, were the most common clinical manifestations. The final diagnosis was made using Doppler scanning. The therapy applied to the majority of the affected women was based on underweighted molecular heparin. Hemorrages and thrombopenias, both related to anticoagulation, were the most frequent complications.

Introduction: D-dimer has a high negative predictive value for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). However, VTE has been reported in the presence of normal D-dimer values., Methods: This is a prospective observational study in patients with VTE from Hospital Gregorio Marañón between 2001 and 2022, comparing the characteristics of clinical presentation based on D-dimer levels (<500 ng/mL vs. ≥500 ng/mL)., Results: A total of 2582 patients were found, 333 patients (12.9%) presented negative or weakly positive D-dimer levels. They were significantly younger (57.9 vs. 65.3 years), with a lower prevalence of comorbidities (ischemic heart disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease), and a greater family history of VTE (8.4% vs. 5.2%) and thrombophilia (11.7% vs. 7.8%). They presented significantly less dyspnea (57.6% vs. 75.4%), syncope (3% vs. 13.5%), less thrombotic load, elevated NT-pro-BNP (22.0% vs. 48.2%), and right ventricle dilatation (8.1% vs. 30.0%)., Conclusion: Patients with VTE and low D-dimer levels at diagnosis were younger, with milder clinical presentation and lower thrombotic load; but they presented a higher prevalence of thrombophilia and a family history of VTE., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

La tromboendarterectomía pulmonar representa el tratamiento potencialmente curativo de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica. Material y método: Entre febrero de 1996 y mayo de 2006, 20 pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica fueron sometidos a tromboendarterectomía pulmonar. El 90% (18/20) presentaba clase funcional III-IV. Los datos hemodinámicos preoperatorios son: presión sistólica pulmonar 86 ± 17 mmHg, presión arterial pulmonar media 49 ± 9 mmHg, resistencia pulmonar total 1.081 ± 553 dinas·s·cm−5, resistencia vascular pulmonar (RVP) 954 ± 427 dinas·s·cm−5 e índice cardíaco 2,2 ± 0,6 l/min/m2. Resultados: Tras la tromboendarterectomía pulmonar se objetiva descenso de la presión sistólica pulmonar (p = 0,002), de la presión arterial pulmonar media (p = 0,001) y ascenso del índice cardíaco (p = 0,002). El 50% (10/20) presenta edema de reperfusión y persistencia de hipertensión pulmonar. La mortalidad hospitalaria ha sido del 25% (5/20); desde 2004 se ha reducido al 10% (1/10). RV P preoperatoria, presión arterial pulmonar media preoperatoria, presión sistólica pulmonar postoperatoria y presión arterial pulmonar media postoperatoria evidencian asociación con la mortalidad hospitalaria (p = 0,029; p = 0,050; p = 0,048; p = 0,003). La supervivencia es del 60% a 10 años; el edema de reperfusión (p = 0,046) y la persistencia de hipertensión pulmonar (p = 0,028) son factoresdeterminantes de ésta. Durante el seguimiento mejora la clase funcional (p = 0,004), aumenta la distancia recorrida en la prueba de 6 min (p = 0,027), disminuye del diámetro telediastólico del ventrículo derecho (p = 0,003), disminuye la insuficiencia tricúspide (p = = 0,02), y persiste el descenso de la presión sistólica arterial pulmonar (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: La tromboendarterectomía pulmonar mejora la hemodinámica pulmonar, prolonga la supervivencia, y optimiza la calidad de vida de pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica.

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The case report of a 29 years patient is described, with a history of mitral valve prolapse who, after 16 days of giving birth to her child, was diagnosed iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis of the right side and after 15 days, even with anticoagulant treatment, she developed a deep venous thrombosis of the left side, as well as a suggestive clinical pattern of lung thromboembolism. It was concluded as a venous thromboembolism disease, given by the presence of bilateral deep venous thrombosis. There was not occlusion of the inferior vena cava, the results of the Doppler echography was positive in both extremities and the response to the anticoagulant treatment was appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thromboembolic disease constitutes a health problem risking the life of thousands of patients, and there are in it the deep venous thrombosis and lung thromboembolism. Its diagnosis is difficult keeping in mind that the clinical manifestations and most of the diagnostic tools for them have limitations, so, it is important to consider the usefulness of risk factors as well as the test of clinical probability to achieve a better approach; however, the physiologic changes during pregnancy favour the disease and make the diagnosis more difficult. This review has as objective to offer an updated information with the aim of guiding the medical community in the appropriate use of these tools and of rising in the obstetricians the necessity to work with a clinical and predictive model, adequate for pregnancy and puerperium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The venous thromboembolic disease in pregnancy constitutes a cause of severe morbidity and mortality and this is why its prevention results in an imperious necessity. The objective of this communication is to debate on the recently discussed matter about the usefulness of the elastic compression stockings, in which the bases without scientific evidences are cited. Both the mechanical methods as heparins are not only useful in the prevention of this disease as isolated procedures, but they also complement each other. It is concluded that these stockings constitute a safe and effective mechanical method in selected pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Venous thromboembolic disease is a major cause of morbidity and hospital mortality in the world. Although exact figures are unknown in our country, to achieve uniformity of criteria among the specialties involved in the prophylaxis and treatment will have a clearer picture of this entity and contribute to a more rational and interdisciplinary approach, managing to improve the quality of care for patients and raise the level of awareness of this entity. This is a sufficient justification for the effort led by collegiate work of experts and specialists in the field, was given the task of developing a management algorithm for prophylaxis in hospitalized patients at risk of venous thromboembolic disease. This group of experts at a plenary working session, achived uniformity criteria and reached agreement by consensus, so that the bibliography is updated and revised to try to adapt to our current hospital situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]