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Los problemas principales que se discuten en torno a la Escritura son el de la inspiración, el de los géneros literarios, y el de las relaciones entre el canon, la inspiración y el origen de la Iglesia. El presente estudio tiene por objeto revisar la problemática relativa a la inspiración bíblica.

Cryopreservation is the only method for long-term storage of viable cells and tissues used for cellular therapy, stem cell transplantation and/or tissue engineering. However, the freeze-thaw process strongly contributes to cell and tissue damage through several mechanisms, including oxidative stress, cell injury from intracellular ice formation and altered physical cellular properties. Our previous proteomics investigation was carried out on Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells (WJSCs) having similar properties to adult mesenchymal stem cells and thus representing a rich source of primitive cells to be potentially used in regenerative medicine. The aim of the present work was to investigate molecular changes that occur in WJSCs proteome in different experimental conditions: fresh primary cell culture and frozen cell. To analyze changes in protein expression of WJSCs undergoing different culturing procedures, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis (2DE followed by MALDI-TOF MS/MS nanoESI-Q-TOF MS coupled with nanoLC) between WJSCs from fresh and frozen cell culturing, respectively. Frozen WJSCs showed qualitative and quantitative changes compared to cells from fresh preparation, expressing proteins involved in replication, cellular defence mechanism and metabolism, that could ensure freeze-thaw survival. The results of this study could play a key role in elucidating possible mechanisms related to maintaining active proliferation and maximal cellular plasticity and thus making the use of WJSCs in cell therapy safe following bio-banking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El estudio, escrito en los primeros años 1960 e inédito hasta hoy, trata sobre la pobreza y la propiedad en la tradición jesuita. Tras una breve introducción filosófico-social y una aproximación histórico-jurídica a la cuestión de la pobreza colectiva en la Iglesia, a continuación se trata de la cuestión de los bienes eclesiásticos y exponer de la pobreza en la Compañía de Jesús, para en apartados sucesivos el pensamiento de san Ignacio y el de Francisco Suárez sobre la pobreza colectiva. Unas breves conclusiones, referidas a los primeros apartados no específicamente jesuitas, cierran el estudio. A partir de la espiritualidad y del pensamiento de san Ignacio, recogido en las Constituciones de la Compañía de Jesús y en algunas actuaciones suyas, y de la posición doctrinal de Francisco Suárez con ocasión de la fundación real del colegio jesuita de Salamanca, así como ante la tercera congregación general jesuita en 1608, el autor concluye que tanto uno como otro concebían la pobreza, y en relación con ella la propiedad, de acuerdo con la doctrina común de la Iglesia de entonces, aunque superando la tensión entre institucionalistas y funcionalistas. Para ambos, la pobreza de la Compañía de Jesús es la propia de una institución carismática en la que los bienes son concebidos sólo como instrumentos de Dios. A ese fin –el de ser meros instrumentos divinos–tienden tanto la espiritualidad ignaciana como el pensamiento suareciano.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have differentiation and immunomodulatory properties that make them interesting tools for the treatment of degenerative disorders, allograft rejection or inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Biological properties of MSCs can be modulated by the inflammatory microenvironment they face at the sites of injury or inflammation. Indeed, MSCs do not constitutively exert their immunomodulating properties but have to be primed by inflammatory mediators released from immune cells and inflamed tissue. A polarization process, mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), towards either an anti-inflammatory or a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been described for MSCs. PRRs, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), have been linked to allograft rejection and the perpetuation of chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g. Crohn´s disease, rheumatoid arthritis) through the recognition of conserved pathogen-derived components or endogenous ligands (danger signals) produced upon injury. Interest in understanding the effects of PRR activation on MSCs has greatly increased in the last few years since MSCs will likely encounter PRRs ligands at sites of injury, and it has been proven that the activation of PRRs in MSCs can modulate their function and therapeutic effect.

Abstract Background The human umbilical cord contains mucoid connective tissue and fibroblast-like cells. These cells named Wharton's jelly cells, (WJCs) display properties similar to mesenchymal stem cells therefore representing a rich source of primitive cells to be potentially used in regenerative medicine. Results To better understand their self-renewal and potential in vitro expansion capacity, a reference 2D map was constructed as a proteomic data set. 158 unique proteins were identified. More than 30% of these proteins belong to cytoskeleton compartment. We also found that several proteins including Shootin1, Adenylate kinase 5 isoenzyme and Plasminogen activator-inhibitor 2 are no longer expressed after the 2nd passage of in vitro replication. This indicates that the proliferative potency of these cells is reduced after the initial stage of in vitro growing. At the end of cellular culturing, new synthesized proteins, including, ERO1-like protein alpha, Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase and Prolyl-4-hydroxylase were identified. It is suggested that these new synthesized proteins are involved in the impairment of cellular surviving during replication and differentiation time. Conclusions Our work represents an essential step towards gaining knowledge of the molecular properties of WJCs so as to better understand their possible use in the field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine.

El archivo suareciano de la Universidad de Deusto, situado primeramente en el Centro de Estudios S. I. de Vals y más tarde en Uclés (Cuenca), tenía la función de archivar y acumular los documentos necesarios para completar la biografía de Suárez y la edición crítica de sus obras. El siguiente estudio analiza el proceso de formación de dicho archivo en sus periodos francés y español, y las actividades y realizaciones del archivo suareciano en sus distintas etapas. Por último, el autor proporciona un juicio valorativo del catálogo de archivos y su valor.

El siguiente estudio aborda la vida y la aportación científico-cultural del P. Blas Beraza en el contexto del Colegio Máximo de Oña. Se estudia su papel en el cursus theologicus oniensis. Su principal aportación es la doble actividad de Cristo en relación al Padre y en la zona empírico-humana del mundo, al servicio como Dios-Hombre.

El siguiente artículo analiza el papel de la filosofía cristiana en los documentos pontificios y su evolución. Además, desarrolla los acontecimientos de una reacción existencialista, así como la orientación que presenta la encíclica "Humani Generis" en relación a esta filosofía. Por último, el autor desarrolla el enfoque que Suárez aportó a la filosofía cristiana.

Para defender el fondo común mínimo de todas las religiones antiguas y oponerse así al aniquilamiento total de aquellos cultos no había filosofía mejor pertrechada de elementos aprovechables que el estoicismo. El Pórtico no moría, por lo tanto, en colisión con las filosofías paganas. La causa de su desaparición hay que buscarla en el cambio absoluto que en la cultura produjo la hegemonía del Evangelio.

La filosofía cristiana, a pesar de la ocultación de las obras de Ammonio Sakkas (entre las que el autor cree que hay que incluir el Corpus dionysiacum y el tratado Sobre el alma, fragmentariamente conservado por Nemesio), a pesar del silencio sobre los otros escritores de la escuela cristiana de Alejandría, se abría paso por medio del Neoplatonismo pagano estableciendo las bases del pensamiento de la Edad Media, que en sus líneas principales coincide con las doctrinas del Pórtico. El Cristianismo, por lo tanto, ha salvado el patrimonio de la Estoa, purificándola de sus defectos y elevando sus dogmas a una esfera superior.

Numerosos autores se han ocupado de Ammonio de las catenae, donde aparece el trozo relativo al gabex. El resultado de sus trabajos no ha podido ser uniforme por fundarse en diversos elementos y por adoptar procedimientos distintos de investigación. Se abordan algunos de ellos.

El siguiente estudio analiza, por una parte, la teología federal donde se aborda la noción de teología de la Alianza, su relación con la historia y con el mito. Por otra parte, se profundiza en la prefiguración y la profecía, haciendo hincapié en el berit en Abrahán, en la etapa mosaica y en el berit en la cultura sapiencial. Por último, se estudia el berit en la plenitud de los tiempos, donde se clasifica en el grupo de los familiares de Jesús, en el mensaje paulino, en Hebreos y en 2 Corintios.

Las obras de los teólogos protestantes por parte de W. Keller y F. Albright acerca de la dogmática de la Biblia son y pueden ser una base excelente para un diálogo, no solo entre creyentes e incrédulos, sino también entre católicos y protestantes y aun de católicos con católicos. En este sentido, se establece un juicio comparativo de ambas obras y se someten a examen y estudio sus aportaciones.

La biografía de Ammonio escriturista parece haber dado nuevos datos recientemente. En este artículo, se discuten estos datos desde la perspectiva de diferentes autores. Se abordan, además, las normas heurísticas de las catenas, así como las signaturas dobles y las correctas. Todo ello conduce a reconocer que el Ammonio de las catenas no es un autor del siglo VI.

Con motivo del centenario de la muerte de Melchor Cano, se plantea en las siguientes líneas el interés que actualmente tendría un estudio profundo de su doctrina y de sus orientaciones y, sobre todo, del gran sentido de responsabilidad universal que manifestó en su agitada y fecunda vida. Estudios Eclesiásticos pretende, por tanto, conmemorar al gran teólogo del Concilio de Trento. Se aporta, además, un estudio comparativo entre Melchor Cano y Francisco Suárez.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have immune regulatory properties that may ameliorate pathophysiological processes in sepsis. We determined the effect of allogeneic adipose-derived MSCs (Cx611) on the host response during sepsis due to community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) by measuring 29 plasma biomarkers and blood transcriptomes at six time points in 82 patients randomised to two intravenous infusions of Cx611 or placebo. Cx611 treatment enhanced several endothelial cell and procoagulant response plasma biomarkers, and led to increased expression of pathways related to innate immunity, haemostasis and apoptosis. Cx611 infusion in sepsis due to CABP is associated with broad host response alterations., Competing Interests: Competing interests: DVO, KJG and EL are employed by Takeda Pharmaceuticals, which produces Cx611., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Amazon has degraded tropical forests and escalated mercury (Hg) pollution, affecting biodiversity, ecological processes and rural livelihoods. In the Peruvian Amazon, ASGM annually releases some 181 tons of Hg into the environment. Despite some recent advances in understanding the spatial distribution of Hg within gold mine spoils and the surrounding landscape, temporal dynamics in Hg movement are not well understood. We aimed to reveal spatio-temporal trends of soil Hg in areas degraded by ASGM.,. We analyzed soil and sediment samples during the dry and rainy seasons across 14 ha of potentially contaminated sites and natural forests, in the vicinities of the Native community of San Jacinto in Madre de Dios, Peru. Soil Hg levels of areas impacted by ASGM (0.02 ± 0.02 mg kg -1 ) were generally below soil environmental quality standards (6.60 mg kg -1 ). However, they showed high variability, mainly explained by the type of natural cover vegetation, soil organic matter (SOM), clay and sand particles. Temporal trends in Hg levels in soils between seasons differed between landscape units distinguished in the mine spoils. During the rainy season, Hg levels decreased up to 45.5% in uncovered soils, while in artificial pond sediments Hg increased by up to 961%. During the dry season, uncovered degraded soils were more prone to lose Hg than sites covered by vegetation, mainly due to higher soil temperatures and concomitantly increasing volatilization. Soils from natural forests and degraded soil covered by regenerating vegetation showed a high capacity to retain Hg mainly due to the higher plant biomass, higher SOM, and increasing concentrations of clay particles. Disturbingly, our findings suggest high Hg mobility from gold mine spoil to close by sedimentary materials, mainly in artificial ponds through alluvial deposition and pluvial lixiviation. Thus, further research is needed on monitoring, and remediation of sediments in artificial to design sustainable land use strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Oxygen atom transfer (OAT) from N 2 O to the Ni-H bond of proton-responsive picoline-derived CNP nickel complexes has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. These Ni-CNP complexes efficiently catalyse the reduction of N 2 O with pinacolborane (HBpin) under mild conditions.

Purpose: Evaluate the safety profile of expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (eASC) for the treatment of severe community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP)., Materials and Methods: Randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1b/2a trial. Patients with severe CABP were enrolled to receive intravenous infusions of Cx611 or placebo. The primary objective was safety including hypersensitivity reactions, thromboembolic events, and immunological responses to Cx611. The secondary endpoints included the clinical cure rate, ventilation-free days, and overall survival (Day 90)., Results: Eighty-three patients were randomized and received infusions (Cx611: n = 42]; placebo: n = 41]. The mean age was similar (Cx611: 61.1 [11.2] years; placebo: 63.4 [10.4] years). The number of AEs and treatment-emergent AEs were similar (243; 184 and 2; 1) in Cx611 and placebo respectively. Hypersensitivity reactions or thromboembolic events were similar (Cx611: n = 9; placebo: n = 12). Each study arm had similar anti-HLA antibody/DSA levels at Day 90. The clinical cure rate (Cx611: 86.7%; placebo: 93.8%), mean number of ventilator-free days (Cx611: 12.2 [10.29] days; placebo: 15.4 [10.75] days), and overall survival (Cx611: 71.5%; placebo: 77.0%) did not differ between study arms., Conclusion: Cx611 was well tolerated in severe CABP. These data provide insights for future stem cell clinical study designs, endpoints and sample size calculation., Trial Registration: NCT03158727 (retrospectively registered: May 09, 2017). Full study protocol: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/27/NCT03158727/Prot_000.pdf., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest PFL has received honorarium from Takeda for blinded adjudication activities related to the SEPCELL trial and received consulting fees with Inotrem and Adrenomed. MSG has received honorarium from Takeda for blinded adjudication activities related to the SEPCELL trial. TvDP has received honorarium from Takeda for blinded adjudication activities related to the SEPCELL trial and received consulting fees from Pluristem outside the trial (both paid to Amsterdam UMC). XW was part of the clinical coordinating center located at Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, which assessed all patients' eligibility. FMS declares no conflict of interest. GH has received speaking fees and travel expenses from Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. RF has received consulting fees with Grifols, MSD, Pfizer, Shionogi, Gilead, Baxter, GSK, Menarini, and Boehringer outside the trial. JC has no conflict of interest. KAC and AS were salaried employees of Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA at the time of the study. BZ is a salaried employee of Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA. EL and OdlR are salaried employees of Takeda Madrid, Cell Therapy Technology Center, Tres Cantos, Spain. BF has received honorarium from Takeda for blinded adjudication activities related to the SEPCELL trial and consulting fees with Aridis, Enlivex, Inotrem, AM-Pharma, and GSK outside the trial., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m 2 is the universally accepted cut-off point for defining obesity; however, its accuracy in classifying obesity in older adults is poorly understood., Objectives: To assess the performance of the BMI cut-off point ≥30 kg/m 2 in classifying obesity in older adults, using the fat mass index (FMI) and fat mass percentage (FM%) as reference criteria; and to establish region- and sex-specific BMI-based cut-off points to classify obesity in older adults., Methods: The present study is a secondary analysis derived from a cross-sectional project that included a sample of 1463 older adults from ten Latin American and Caribbean countries. Volunteers underwent total body water measurements using the deuterium dilution technique to determine FMI and FM%. Accuracy of the BMI and derived cutoff points was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)., Results: The BMI cut-off point ≥30 kg/m 2 had low sensitivity for classifying obesity in these older adults compared to the FMI and FM%. The AUC values for the optimal BMI-derived cut-off points showed an acceptable-to-outstanding discriminatory capacity in diagnosing obesity defined by the FMI. There was also a better balance between sensitivity and specificity than with the values obtained by a BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 in older subjects in both regions., Conclusion: The BMI cut-off point ≥30 kg/m 2 had poor sensitivity for accurately diagnosing obesity in older adults from two regions. The region- and sex-specific BMI-derived cut-off points for defining obesity using the FMI are more accurate in classifying obesity in older men and women subjects from both regions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A series of enantiopure chiral NH 2 /SO palladium complexes have been synthesised with high yields by treating the corresponding tert -butylsulfinamide/sulfoxide derivatives with Pd(CH 3 CN) 2 Cl 2 . The enantiopure chiral ligands were prepared by stereoselective addition of tert -butyl or phenyl methylsulfinyl carbanions to different tert -butylsulfinylimines. In all cases, coordination occurs with concomitant desulfinylation. X-ray studies of the Pd complexes showed a higher trans influence of the phenylsulfinyl group in comparison to that of the tert -butylsulfinyl group. Furthermore, we have obtained and characterised two possible palladium amine/sulfonyl complexes, epimers at sulfur, resulting from N -desulfinylation and coordination of palladium with both oxygens of the prochiral sulfonyl group. The catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of the new Pd(II) complexes of acetylated amine/ tert -butyl- and phenylsulfoxides in the carboxylated cyclopropanes arylation reaction has been studied, obtaining the best results with the phenylsulfoxide ligand 25(SC,SS) that produced the final arylated product in a 93 :7 enantiomeric ratio.

Evaluation of DFT calculated vibrational parameters for the IR and VCD spectra similarity of perezone (1) and dihydroperezone (2) was undertaken. Conformational sets were obtained using different search engines, and the parameters needed for spectra prediction were obtained using several combinations of commonly employed functionals and basis sets, and then weighted spectra were generated and compared with observed traces to provide infrared similarity (S IR ) and enantiomeric similarity index (ESI) values. These values evidenced a poor performance of the evaluated levels of theory that were overcome when using the individual scaling factors approach, providing 16% to 139% increases of the ESI values. The best performing level of theory was the B3LYP/DGDZVP2 with ESI values of 0.722 and 0.792 for 1 and 2. Moreover, a correlation analysis showed that the irregular DFT performance arises from rotational strength deviations, which suggests to discard conformational abundance accuracy as the main source of differences. Furthermore, a similarity guided conformational analysis showed that conformations with high ESI values prefer particular orientations of the CC bonds directly attached to the stereogenic carbon atom, with more distant dihedral angles having less influence. Additionally, folded and extended conformers appear to be equally capable to yield high individual ESI values, although abundances of folded conformers just account for 16% of the total population. Nevertheless, abundance optimization showed that a high ESI similarity value of 0.834, is possible when the population of these conformers is increased to 26%, suggesting that a larger abundance of these conformers might be present in solution., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The stereoselective addition of ethyl acetate enolate to the C═N bond of N-tert-butylsulfinylimines has been investigated in depth. A significant effect of the LHMDS amount and the N-sulfinylimine nature on the stereoselectivity of the process was observed. Conditions were found where sulfinylimines of differently substituted salicylaldehydes derivatives, ethyl acetate, and LHMDS afforded the corresponding addition products as a single diastereomer in good yields. The developed protocol was successfully applied to the first stereoselective synthesis of differently substituted 4-amino-3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives. Computational models confirmed the prominent role of the ortho aryl substituent in the stereoselectivity of the process. A significant and selective cytotoxic activity against Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) cancer line has been determined for the noncyclic hydroxy ester derivative., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Reduction of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) with H 2 to N 2 and water is an attractive process for the decomposition of this greenhouse gas to environmentally benign species. Herein, a series of iridium complexes based on proton-responsive pincer ligands ( 1 - 4 ) are shown to catalyze the hydrogenation of N 2 O under mild conditions (2 bar H 2 /N 2 O (1:1), 30 °C). Among the tested catalysts, the Ir complex 4 , based on a lutidine-derived CNP pincer ligand having nonequivalent phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) side donors, gave rise to the highest catalytic activity (turnover frequency (TOF) = 11.9 h -1 at 30 °C, and 16.4 h -1 at 55 °C). Insights into the reaction mechanism with 4 have been obtained through NMR spectroscopy. Thus, reaction of 4 with N 2 O in tetrahydrofuran- d 8 (THF- d 8 ) initially produces deprotonated (at the NHC arm) species 5 NHC , which readily reacts with H 2 to regenerate the trihydride complex 4 . However, prolonged exposure of 4 to N 2 O for 6 h yields the dinitrogen Ir(I) complex 7 P , having a deprotonated (at the P-arm) pincer ligand. Complex 7 P is a poor catalytic precursor in the N 2 O hydrogenation, pointing out to the formation of 7 P as a catalyst deactivation pathway. Moreover, when the reaction of 4 with N 2 O is carried out in wet THF- d 8 , formation of a new species, which has been assigned to the hydroxo species 8 , is observed. Finally, taking into account the experimental results, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to get information on the catalytic cycle steps. Calculations are in agreement with 4 as the TOF-determining intermediate (TDI) and the transfer of an apical hydrido ligand to the terminal nitrogen atom of N 2 O as the TOF-determining transition state (TDTS), with very similar reaction rates for the mechanisms involving either the NHC- or the P-CH 2 pincer methylene linkers.

Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10-22 and P = 8.1 × 10-12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10-8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10-8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10-8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10-8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Complexes Na 3 [Ag(NHC R ) 2 ], 2a-e and 2b'-c', where NHC R is a N-heterocyclic carbene of the 2,2'-(1H-2λ 3 ,3λ 4 -imidazole-1,3-diyl)dicarboxylate type, were prepared by treatment of compounds HL R , 1a-e and 1b'-c' (2-(1-(carboxyalkyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)carboxylate), with silver oxide in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. They were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic (infrared, IR, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, and circular dichroism) and X-ray methods (2a). In the solid state, the anionic part of complex 2a, [Ag(NHC H ) 2 ] 3- , shows a linear disposition of C carbene -Ag-C carbene atoms and an eclipsed conformation of the two NHC ligands. The proposed bis(NHC) nature of the silver complexes was maintained in solution according to NMR and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 2 was evaluated against four cancer cell lines and one non-cancerous cell line and several structure-activity correlations were found for these complexes. For instance, the activity decreased when the bulkiness of the R alkyl group in Na 3 [Ag(NHC R ) 2 ] increased. More interesting is the detected chirality-anticancer relationship, where complexes Na 3 [Ag{(S,S)-NHC R } 2 ] (R = Me, 2b; i Pr, 2c) showed better anticancer activity than those of their enantiomeric derivatives Na 3 [Ag{(R,R)-NHC R } 2 ] (R = Me, 2b'; i Pr, 2c')., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the time of ARDS diagnosis is weakly associated with mortality. We hypothesized that setting a PaO2/FiO2 threshold in 150 mm Hg at 24 h from moderate/severe ARDS diagnosis would improve predictions of death in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: We conducted an ancillary study in 1303 patients with moderate to severe ARDS managed with lung-protective ventilation enrolled consecutively in four prospective multicenter cohorts in a network of ICUs. The first three cohorts were pooled (n = 1000) as a testing cohort; the fourth cohort (n = 303) served as a confirmatory cohort. Based on the thresholds for PaO2/FiO2 (150 mm Hg) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (10 cm H2O), the patients were classified into four possible subsets at baseline and at 24 h using a standardized PEEP-FiO2 approach: (I) PaO2/FiO2 ≥ 150 at PEEP < 10, (II) PaO2/FiO2 ≥ 150 at PEEP ≥ 10, (III) PaO2/FiO2 < 150 at PEEP < 10, and (IV) PaO2/FiO2 < 150 at PEEP ≥ 10. Primary outcome was death in the ICU. Results: ICU mortalities were similar in the testing and confirmatory cohorts (375/1000, 37.5% vs. 112/303, 37.0%, respectively). At baseline, most patients from the testing cohort (n = 792/1000, 79.2%) had a PaO2/FiO2 < 150, with similar mortality among the four subsets (p = 0.23). When assessed at 24 h, ICU mortality increased with an advance in the subset: 17.9%, 22.8%, 40.0%, and 49.3% (p < 0.0001). The findings were replicated in the confirmatory cohort (p < 0.0001). However, independent of the PEEP levels, patients with PaO2/FiO2 < 150 at 24 h followed a distinct 30-day ICU survival compared with patients with PaO2/FiO2 ≥ 150 (hazard ratio 2.8, 95% CI 2.2−3.5, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Subsets based on PaO2/FiO2 thresholds of 150 mm Hg assessed after 24 h of moderate/severe ARDS diagnosis are clinically relevant for establishing prognosis, and are helpful for selecting adjunctive therapies for hypoxemia and for enrolling patients into therapeutic trials.

Background: While searching for novel small molecules for new organic pesticide agents against plant-parasitic nematodes, we found that the hexane extract from the roots of Senecio sinuatos and its main secondary metabolite, 3β-angeloyloxy-6β-hydroxyfuranoeremophil-1(10)-ene (1), possess nematicidal activity against the second stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita and Nacobbus aberrans. Both species reduce yield of various vegetable crops. These results encouraged us to synthesize esters 3-9 formed by diol 2, obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of 1 and acetic anhydride, benzoic acid, 2-nitrobenzoic acid, 2-bromobenzoic acid, 4-nitrobenzoic acid, 4-bromobenzoic acid, and 4-methoxybenzoic acid, respectively. The nematicidal activity of these esters was evaluated and compared with that of the free benzoic acids., Results: Natural product 1 and derivatives 2-9 were obtained and characterized by their physical and spectroscopic properties, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments; X-ray diffraction analysis established their absolute configuration. The nematicidal activity of compounds 1-9 was assessed in vitro against M. incognita and N. aberrans J2 and was compared to activity shown by benzoic acid, 2-nitrobenzoic acid, 2-bromobenzoic acid, 4-nitrobenzoic acid, 4-bromobenzoic acid, and 4-methoxybenzoic acid. The esters suppressed nematodes more than free benzoic acid. Nacobbus aberrans J2 were suppressed, with compounds 5, 6, and 8 being the most active., Conclusion: Esters formed by 3β,6β-dihydroxyfuranoeremophil-1(10)-ene and ortho- or para-substituted benzoic acids containing electron acceptor groups had nematicidal activity against N. aberrans. These compound can potentially serve as a model for the development of new organic nematicidal agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.)

The aerial parts of Ageratina vernalis provided the new germacranolide 1,10-epoxydeltoidin A ( 3 ), together with the known pentacyclic triterpenoid hopane-6 α ,22-diol ( 1 ), and the also known germacranolides deltoidin A ( 2 ) and 15-hydroxydeltoidin A ( 4 ). In addition, p TsOH catalyzed cyclization of 2 afforded the new guaianolide 5 . The absolute configuration of 2 , 4 , and 5 was assigned by vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy, while the complete 1 H and 13 C NMR data assignments of 2 - 5 followed from 1 D- and 2 D-NMR experiments.

Pt(II) alkylidene 1a has been reacted with terminal alkynes to afford ylide complexes 3a-d, resulting from electrophilic activation of the CC bond and its insertion into the platinacyclic fragment of 1a that contains the carbene functionality. DFT calculations indicate that the observed regioselectivity is determined by the nucleophilic attack of the alkyne to the alkylidene carbon.

Complexes {Ag[NHC Mes,R ]} n (R = H, 2a ; Me, 2b and 2b' ; i Pr, 2c ; i Bu, 2d ), were prepared by treatment of imidazolium precursor compounds [Im Mes,R ] (2-(3-mesityl-1 H -imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)acetate, 1a , ( S )-2- alkyl (3-mesityl-1 H -imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)acetate, 1b - d , and ( R )-2-methyl(3-mesityl-1 H -imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)acetate, 1b' , with Ag 2 O under appropriate conditions. They were characterised by analytical, spectroscopic (IR, 1 H, and 13 C NMR and polarimetry), and X-ray methods ( 2a ). In the solid state, 2a is a one-dimensional coordination polymer, in which the silver(I) cation is bonded to the carbene ligand and to the carboxylate group of a symmetry-related Ag[NHC Mes,H ] moiety. The coordination environment of the silver centre is well described by the DFT study of the dimeric model {Ag[NHC Mes,H ]} 2 . The antimicrobial properties of these complexes were evaluated versus Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa . From the observed MIC and MBC values (minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration, respectively), complex 2b' showed the best antimicrobial properties (eutomer), which were significantly better than those of its enantiomeric derivative 2b (distomer). Additionally, analysis of MIC and MBC values of 2a - d reveal a clear structure-antimicrobial effect relationship. Antimicrobial activity decreases when the steric properties of the R alkyl group in {Ag[NHC Mes,R ]} n increase.

Complexes [Ag(L R )], 2 (L R = 2,2'-(imidazolium-1,3-diyl)di(2- alkyl acetate)), were prepared by treatment of compounds HL R , 1, with Ag 2 O. They were characterised by analytical, spectroscopic (IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR and polarimetry) and X-ray methods (2c, 2c' and 2e). In the solid state, these compounds are novel one-dimensional or two-dimensional coordination polymers in which silver(I) cations are connected via the chiral [L R ] - anion with unprecedented coordination modes. The antimicrobial properties of these complexes were evaluated. 2a and 2b' showed the best antimicrobial properties (minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentration) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli pathogens. Eutomers 2b' and 2c' showed slightly better antimicrobial properties than their respective enantiomers 2b and 2c.

Diastereoisomeric stigmasterol oxiranes 4, 5, 8, and 9 are known phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) that have been evaluated for their cytotoxicity, although the results are of limited significance since, in most cases, they were evaluated as mixtures. Consequently, to establish biological activity hierarchy of these oxides, it is critical to evaluate individual pure POPs. Therefore, we now describe the obtention of individual molecules and their absolute configuration (AC) determination. The two acetylated C-5-C-6 oxiranes 6 and 7; the two acetylated C-22-C-23 oxides 10 and 11, obtained by means of Δ 5 double bond protection-deprotection; and the four C-5-C-6, C-22-C-23 diepoxystigmasteryl acetates 19-22 were now individually gained and their AC determined by vibrational circular dichroism. Vibrational modes associated with the C-5-C-6 and the C-22-C-23 bonds were identified in dioxiranes 19-22 and used to assign the AC of monoepoxides 6, 7, 10, and 11. The AC of biological active non-acetylated molecules follows immediately. Due to the scarce spectroscopic information available for these POPs, the 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts of 3-22 were assigned using 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (RFs) and coronary artery disease (CAD) do not always show a direct correlation. We investigated the metabolic differences in a cohort of patients with a high CV risk profile who developed, or did not develop, among those enrolled in the Coronary Atherosclerosis in Outlier Subjects: Protective and Novel Individual Risk Factors Evaluation (CAPIRE) study. We studied 112 subjects with a high CV risk profile, subdividing them according to the presence (CAD/High-RFs) or absence of CAD (No-CAD/High-RFs), assessed by computed tomography angiography. The metabolic differences between the two groups were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Characteristic patterns and specific metabolites emerged for each of the two phenotypic groups: high concentrations of pyruvic acid, pipecolic acid, p-cresol, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, isoleucine, glyceric acid, lactic acid, sucrose, phosphoric acid, trimethylamine-N-oxide, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, erythritol, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, glucose, leucine, and glutamic acid; and low concentrations of cholesterol, hypoxanthine, glycerol-3-P, and cysteine in the CAD/High-RFs group vs the No-CAD/High-RFs group. Our results show the existence of different metabolic profiles between patients who develop CAD and those who do not, despite comparable high CV risk profiles. A specific cluster of metabolites, rather than a single marker, appears to be able to identify novel predisposing or protective mechanisms towards CAD beyond classic CVRFs.

The new labdane [(3R*,4aR*,7S*,10aS*,10bR*)-3-ethenyl-3,4a,7,10a-tetramethyl-dodecahydro-1H-naphtho-[2,1-b]-pyran-7-yl]-methylbenzoate together with other 7 labdanes were isolated from the aerial parts of Buddleja marrubiifolia . Compound structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Some compounds showed moderate to weak antimicrobial activity towards a panel of bacterial and fungal pathogens. In addition, trans -biformene (2) and ribenol acetate (8) showed to be highly cytotoxic with LC50 < 1 µg/mL, the other compounds showed moderate cytotoxic effect with a LC50 range of 6.008-15.26 µg/mL. For all isolated compounds, no inflammatory response was observed.

Metal complexes incorporating proton-responsive ligands have been proved to be superior catalysts in reactions involving the H 2 molecule. In this contribution, a series of Ir III complexes based on lutidine-derived CNN H pincers containing N-heterocyclic carbene and secondary amino NHR [R = Ph ( 4a ), t Bu ( 4b ), benzyl ( 4c )] donors as flanking groups have been synthesized and tested in the dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane (NH 3 BH 3 , AB) in the presence of substoichiometric amounts (2.5 equiv) of t BuOK. These preactivated derivatives are efficient catalysts in AB dehydrogenation in THF at room temperature, albeit significantly different reaction rates were observed. Thus, by using 0.4 mol % of 4a , 1.0 equiv of H 2 per mole of AB was released in 8.5 min (turnover frequency (TOF 50% ) = 1875 h -1 ), while complexes 4b and 4c (0.8 mol %) exhibited lower catalytic activities (TOF 50% = 55-60 h -1 ). 4a is currently the best performing Ir III homogeneous catalyst for AB dehydrogenation. Kinetic rate measurements show a zero-order dependence with respect to AB, and first order with the catalyst in the dehydrogenation with 4a (-d[AB]/d t = k [ 4a ]). Conversely, the reaction with 4b is second order in AB and first order in the catalyst (-d[AB]/d t = k [ 4b ][AB] 2 ). Moreover, the reactions of the derivatives 4a and 4b with an excess of t BuOK (2.5 equiv) have been analyzed through NMR spectroscopy. For the former precursor, formation of the iridate 5 was observed as a result of a double deprotonation at the amine and the NHC pincer arm. In marked contrast, in the case of 4b , a monodeprotonated (at the pincer NHC-arm) species 6 is observed upon reaction with t BuOK. Complex 6 is capable of activating H 2 reversibly to yield the trihydride derivative 7 . Finally, DFT calculations of the first AB dehydrogenation step catalyzed by 5 has been performed at the DFT//MN15 level of theory in order to get information on the predominant metal-ligand cooperation mode.

Extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a potential therapy for immunological and degenerative diseases. However, large-scale production of EV free from contamination by soluble proteins is a major challenge. The generation of particles from isolated membranes of MSC, membrane particles (MP), may be an alternative to EV. In the present study we generated MP from the membranes of lysed MSC after removal of the nuclei. The yield of MP per MSC was 1 × 10 5 times higher than EV derived from the same number of MSC. To compare the proteome of MP and EV, proteomic analysis of MP and EV was performed. MP contained over 20 times more proteins than EV. The proteins present in MP evidenced a multi-organelle origin of MP. The projected function of the proteins in EV and MP was very different. Whilst proteins in EV mainly play a role in extracellular matrix organization, proteins in MP were interconnected in diverse molecular pathways, including protein synthesis and degradation pathways and demonstrated enzymatic activity. Treatment of MSC with IFNγ led to a profound effect on the protein make up of EV and MP, demonstrating the possibility to modify the phenotype of EV and MP through modification of parent MSC. These results demonstrate that MP are an attractive alternative to EV for the development of potential therapies. Functional studies will have to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy of MP in preclinical disease models.

Background: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and coronary artery disease (CAD) do not always run parallel. We investigated functional-metabolic correlations of CAD, RFs, or neither in the CAPIRE (Coronary Atherosclerosis in Outlier Subjects: Protective and Novel Individual Risk Factors Evaluation) 2 × 2 phenotypic observational study., Methods: Two hundred and fortyone subjects were included based on RF burden, presence/absence of CAD (assessed by computed tomography angiography), age and sex. Participants displayed one of four phenotypes: CAD with ≥3 RFs, no-CAD with ≥3 RFs, CAD with ≤1 RF and no-CAD with ≤1 RF. Metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pathways by metabolite set enrichment analysis., Results: Characteristic patterns and specific pathways emerged for each phenotypic group: amino sugars for CAD/high-RF; urea cycle for no-CAD/high-RF; glutathione for CAD/low-RF; glycine and serine for no-CAD/low-RF. Presence of CAD correlated with ammonia recycling; absence of CAD with the transfer of acetyl groups into mitochondria; high-risk profile with alanine metabolism (all p < 0.05). The comparative case-control analyses showed a statistically significant difference for the two pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism in the CAD/Low-RF vs NoCAD/Low-RF comparison., Conclusions: The present 2 × 2 observational study identified specific metabolic pathways for each of the four phenotypes, providing novel functional insights, particularly on CAD with low RF profiles and on the absence of CAD despite high-risk factor profiles., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest, (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Proinflammatory stimuli lead to endothelial injury, which results in pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and contributes to alloimmune responses after organ transplantation. Both mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and the extracellular vesicles (EV) released by them are widely studied as regenerative therapy for the endothelium. However, for therapeutic application, the manipulation of living MSC and large-scale production of EV are major challenges. Membrane particles (MP) generated from MSC may be an alternative to the use of whole MSC or EV. MP are nanovesicles artificially generated from the membranes of MSC and possess some of the therapeutic properties of MSC. In the present study we investigated whether MP conserve the beneficial MSC effects on endothelial cell repair processes under inflammatory conditions. MP were generated by hypotonic shock and extrusion of MSC membranes. The average size of MP was 120 nm, and they showed a spherical shape. The effects of two ratios of MP (50,000; 100,000 MP per target cell) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were tested in a model of inflammation induced by TNFα. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that within 24 hours >90% of HUVEC had taken up MP. Moreover, MP ended up in the lysosomes of the HUVEC. In a co-culture system of monocytes and TNFα activated HUVEC, MP did not affect monocyte adherence to HUVEC, but reduced the transmigration of monocytes across the endothelial layer from 138 ± 61 monocytes per microscopic field in TNFα activated HUVEC to 61 ± 45 monocytes. TNFα stimulation induced a 2-fold increase in the permeability of the HUVEC monolayer measured by the translocation of FITC-dextran to the lower compartment of a transwell system. At a dose of 1:100,000 MP significantly decreased endothelial permeability (1.5-fold) respect to TNFα Stimulated HUVEC. Finally, MP enhanced the angiogenic potential of HUVEC in an in vitro Matrigel assay by stimulating the formation of angiogenic structures, such as percentage of covered area, total tube length, total branching points, total loops. In conclusion, MP show regenerative effects on endothelial cells, opening a new avenue for treatment of vascular diseases where inflammatory processes damage the endothelium., Competing Interests: Erasmus MC filed a patent on the use of MP for immunomodulatory purposes. Authors MO-V and EL were employed by Takeda Madrid. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Merino, Sablik, Korevaar, López-Iglesias, Ortiz-Virumbrales, Baan, Lombardo and Hoogduijn.)

Bulky terphenyl phosphane ligands PMe 2 Ar' (Ar' = terphenyl group) facilitate the isolation of zero-valent bis-phosphane complexes of nickel, palladium and platinum. The former show coordination numbers greater than two in the solid state due to the existence of Ni-C arene interactions with the terphenyl fragment.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising therapy for inflammatory diseases. However, MSC are large and become trapped in the lungs after intravenous infusion, where they have a short survival time. To steer MSC immunoregulatory therapy beyond the lungs, we generated nm-sized particles from MSC membranes (membrane particles, MP), which have immunomodulatory properties, and investigated their internalization and mode of interaction in macrophages subtypes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) under control and inflammatory conditions. We found that macrophages and HUVEC take up MP in a dose, time, and temperature-dependent manner. Specific inhibitors for endocytotic pathways revealed that MP internalization depends on heparan sulfate proteoglycan-, dynamin-, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis but does not involve caveolin-mediated endocytosis. MP uptake also involved the actin cytoskeleton and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which are implicated in macropinocytosis and phagocytosis. Anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages take up more MP than pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. In contrast, inflammatory conditions did not affect the MP uptake by HUVEC. Moreover, MP induced both anti- and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages and HUVEC by affecting gene expression and cell surface proteins. Our findings on the mechanisms of uptake of MP under different conditions help the development of target-cell specific MP therapy to modulate immune responses., Competing Interests: MO and EL were employed by Takeda Madrid. Erasmus MC filed a patent on MSC derived MP (PCT/NL2017/050334). The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 da Costa Gonçalves, Korevaar, Ortiz Virumbrales, Baan, Reinders, Merino, Lombardo and Hoogduijn.)

The four new briarane diterpenoids 2-butyryloxybriarane B-3 (2), 9-acetylbriarenolide S (3), briarenolide W (4), and 12-isobriarenolide P (5), along with briarane B-3 (1) and the five known diterpenes 6-10 were isolated from the gorgonian coral Briareum asbestinum collected from the Mexican Caribbean Sea. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and MS measurements. Since the structure of briarane B-3 (1) was only suggested and published without any spectroscopic support, it was herein confirmed, and the supporting data are now provided. In addition, 1 provided the opportunity to explore the sensitivity of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) to determine the configuration of a single stereogenic center in the presence of eight other stereogenic centers in a molecule possessing a highly flexible ten-member ring. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, in which the Flack and Hooft parameters of 1 were determined, further confirmed that briarane B-3 is (1S,2S,6S,7R,8R,9S,10S,11R,17R)-1. This paper reports for first time the use of VCD in briarane diterpenes and with the presence of chlorine atoms. Biological evaluation of seven isolated compounds evidenced a moderate anti-inflammatory activity for compounds 6 and 9 but it did not show any cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial, and topoisomerase inhibitory activity.