Search

The purpose of this study was to clarify the subcutaneous structures involved in the morphology of the gluteal region for clinical application.Thirty-seven formalin-fixed cadavers and one soft-fixed cadaver were used in this study. Gluteal tissue was removed from five formalin-fixed cadavers. A horizontal section and sections parallel to the long axis of the body were made from the excised tissue, and the subcutaneous fat was removed to observe the fibrous structure within the subcutaneous fat. Two formalin-fixed cadavers and one soft-fixed cadaver were used to perform conventional gross anatomical dissection and histological examination. On 30 formalin-fixed cadavers, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat was measured in various areas of the buttocks.The thickness of subcutaneous fat was thicker in the center of the buttocks and thinner on the lateral buttocks. Superficial fascia (SF) was found only in the upper buttock, being indistinct in the lower buttock. In the sacral and coccygeal areas, the dermis was tightly adhered to the bone as a single mass. Fibers arose from around the iliac crest to the SF. On the medial side of the gluteal fold, a strong fiber arose from the sciatic tubercle and inserted into the gluteus maximus and dermis.By identifying the characteristic subcutaneous structures of the gluteal region, we were able to identify the anatomical structures that shape the three-dimensional morphology of the buttocks. These findings may be useful in surgical treatments such as improving the buttock shape. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The characteristics of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), including the morphology of each part and the connection between tissues, remain controversial. The purpose of this study is to clarify the anatomy of the SMAS using our new dissection method. In this study, six hemi-sides of heads from formalin-preserved cadavers were used. Three were used for creating a horizontal section and three were used for creating the section along the axial line perpendicular to the surface of the skin, resulting in a gradual change from the coronal section at the lateral to the sagittal section at the median. The resected head was cut into slices with widths of 7 mm. The stretched tissue dissection method was performed by fixing a tissue slice to a board and pulling the skin outward to stretch the soft tissue. Blunt dissection was then performed under a microscope. The SMAS comprises three layers: superficial, intermediate, and deep. The superficial layer is a thin membrane directly connecting to the septa in the subcutaneous fat. The deep layer is the connective tissue in contact with the sub-SMAS structure. The layer surrounded by the superficial and deep layer of the SMAS is the intermediate layer, containing connective tissue, adipose tissue, and facial muscles. The detailed findings of the SMAS obtained using this method resolve theoretical discrepancies and provide important insight for the field of facial surgery.

Acute inflammatory reactions (AIRs) are a rare complication following esthetic treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA) and/or human collagen fillers. However, a substantial increase in the frequency of AIRs was observed in the first author's clinic since May 2020.To report AIR cases, we experienced and discuss potential underlying mechanisms.This was a retrospective review of patients representing AIR symptoms following filler injection with HA or human collagen in our clinic.Although only one case of an AIR with an incidence rate of 0.01% was recorded following filler treatment between September 2008 and April 2020 in our clinic, we observed 14 AIR cases without anaphylaxis, with an incidence rate of 1.18% between May 2020 and June 2021, in line with the spreading of the new coronavirus pandemic. All cases were females aged 40-57 years, and the time of onset was within hours after filler injection. Three patients had been treated with HA fillers only, 2 with HA plus human collagen, and 9 with human collagen only. Most patients had been treated with these products in the past. Nine patients were treated with oral prednisolone. In all cases, symptoms resolved entirely within a week without sequelae.The marked increase in AIRs coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. Possible explanations include immune system alterations caused by extensive changes in domestic and personal hygiene, prolonged and elevated stress levels, and subclinical COVID-19 infection. Further studies may be warranted.

Anaphylaxis is rare following the injection of hyaluronic acid fillers or human collagen for esthetic improvement of the face. We report a case occurring in a 63-year-old woman treated simultaneously with both. Symptoms included full-body urticaria and gastrointestinal symptoms that declined within a few hours, facial redness and swelling lasting a few days, and a nodule in the right tear trough that recurred over several months. Treatment with corticosteroids and antihistamine ultimately supported a complete recovery. Although rare, practitioners using injectables should be trained to manage anaphylactic events if they occur.

Follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein (FDC-SP) is secreted protein expressed in follicular dendritic cells, periodontal ligament and junctional epithelium (JE). Its expression could be controlled during inflammatory process of gingiva; however, responsible mechanism for gingival overgrowth and involvement of FDC-SP in clinical condition is still unclear. We hypothesized that JE-specific genes are associated with the initiation of drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGE) called gingival overgrowth, and investigated the changes of JE-specific gene's expression and their localization in overgrown gingiva from the patients. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the FDC-SP localization was spread in overgrown gingival tissues. FDC-SP mRNA levels in GE1 and Ca9-22 cells were increased by time-dependent nifedipine treatments, similar to other JE-specific genes, such as Amelotin (Amtn) and Lamininβ3 subunit (Lamβ3), whereas type 4 collagen (Col4) mRNA levels were decreased. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that FDC-SP, AMTN, and Lamβ3 protein levels were increased in GE1 and Ca9-22 cells. Transient transfection analyses were performed using luciferase constructs including various lengths of human FDC-SP gene promoter, nifedipine increased luciferase activities of -345 and -948FDC-SP constructs. These results raise the possibility that the nifedipine-induced FDC-SP may be related to the mechanism responsible for gingival overgrowth does not occur at edentulous jaw ridges.

This study seeks to clarify the emotions of elderly individuals who participated in an online community activity with university students, and how they feel about these interactions. A survey was conducted on 11 elderly locals after five such sessions. The results show that the elderly individuals enjoyed the sessions and derived a sense of satisfaction from the same. It is also clear that they developed a sense of familiarity with the students and felt that they had successfully interacted with, and connected with, the students. This suggests the potential usefulness of ICT for elderly individuals.

The purpose of this research is to establish a model for assessing interest in international understanding among nursing and pharmacy students in Japan. The study design was a cross-sectional survey of nursing and pharmacy students in their first to fourth years at Josai International University. The International Understanding Scale (IUS2000), consisting of four domains (respect for human rights, understanding international culture, awareness of world solidarity, and understanding foreign languages) with 27 items, was used. A path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to model international understanding. The model of international understanding of nursing and pharmacy students was established as the second-order four-factor mode. The international understanding of nursing and pharmacy students was mainly composed of respect for human rights and awareness of world solidarity and was less affected by understanding foreign languages. Nursing students in our study had a higher international understanding than pharmacy students. International understanding was considered relevant to students&rsquo, learning about the importance of interprofessional collaboration as well as their interests in global learning environments for healthcare professionals. The relationship between international understanding and future progress in healthcare performance needs to be studied to show the importance of international understanding education.

Aging and aged societies have arrived in many countries where significant development of medicine and the economy has been achieved. Japan is a highly aged society with a shortage of carers both at home and in long-term care settings. In fact, more persons of advanced age who do not need intensive care in hospitals strongly desire health care to be delivered in their own home with their family. Environmental nursing practice, which means that nurses improve the environment of patients or the elderly properly in accordance with healthcare considerations, is currently playing a more important role, not only to prevent the elderly from contracting various diseases, but also to provide a facility for supporting an aged person to live a fulfilling life, preferably one that includes independence. This approach will lead to a reduction in medical expenditure by increasing the number of aged people with healthy longevity without the need for hospitalization or intensive care. This short communication focuses on healthy lighting for the elderly based on our research and experience regarding the beneficial effects of artificial sunlight on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), asthma and food allergy, and ulcerative colitis in experimental animal models and clinical settings. Then, we review other studies and discuss how artificial sunlight would be useful for the elderly as one of the environmental nursing practices. Keywords: Artificial Sunlight, Phototherapy, Elderly People, Environmental Nursing, Vitamin D

【目的】 臨地実習による学習活動の効果を評価するために, 学生が意味化した実習経験の特徴を明らかにする. 【方法】 看護系短期大学3年次に在学する学生5名が記録した, リハビリテーション看護実習課題レポートを分析対象とし, 質的帰納的研究技法によって抽出した390の経験を内容分析した. 【結果】 学生が意味化した実習経験は44のサブカテゴリに分類され, 意味内容の類似性によって, [患者に対する生活者としての好奇心] [患者理解への志向とその混乱] [混乱の沈静化とひらめき援助] [未熟な分析的思考によるお試し援助と意味の模索] [分析的思考による援助と自己の振り返り] の5つのコアカテゴリに統合された. 【結語】 意味化した経験は, 学習活動への意識を軸とした, 生活者から学習者, さらに援助者への自己意識の発展を示すものであった.

【目的】 看護職者の患者教育への認識に焦点を当て, 患者教育の目的の捉え方と価値づけの実態を明らかにする. 【方法】 4県の医療施設に勤務する看護職者2,049名を対象とし, 自作の質問紙 (Cronbachの内的整合性 : α係数0.90) を用いた自己記入式の配票留置調査を行った. 【結果】 有効回答者数は1,240名 (有効回答率60.4%) であり, 患者教育の目的は, 因子分析によって4因子抽出された. 目的の認識タイプは4因子の割合によって, 「自己客観視型」59.0%, 「QOL向上型」16.1%, 「知識行動修正型」6.1%, 「主体的変容型」6.0%の4つに分類された. これらの認識タイプには, 年齢・経験年数・職種・職位などの属性による有意差はなかった. 【結語】 看護職者の認識する患者教育の目的には4タイプあり, 看護基礎教育においても状況に応じた目的の多様性を教育していく必要性が示唆された.

In in vitro susceptibility tests, the new penem CP-70,429 showed potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xanthomonas maltophilia. CP-70,429 was stable to various types of beta-lactamases except for the enzyme from X. maltophilia and was 16- to 128-fold more active than the other compounds against beta-lactamase-producing strains of Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii.

The in-vitro synergic activities of BRL42715, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam combined with ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalothin, or cefoperazone were tested against various bacteria producing known types of beta-lactamase. BRL42715 showed the best synergistic activity among the inhibitors tested against strains producing penicillinases of type I, II, III, V, and that from Klebsiella pneumoniae, cephalosporinases, and oxyiminocephalosporinases (except that from Klebsiella oxytoca). Clavulanic acid combined with the beta-lactams tested showed the best synergic activity of the inhibitors against strains producing type IV penicillinase and oxyiminocephalosporinase from K. oxytoca. The 50% inhibitory doses of BRL42715 were superior to those of clavulanic acid against various types of beta-lactamases except for type IV penicillinase and the oxyiminocephalosporinase from K. oxytoca. The inhibitory activity of BRL42715 against cephalosporinases from various bacteria was 10(4) to 10(6)-fold greater than that of clavulanic acid. The synergic effects of BRL42715 and clavulanic acid on the activity of piperacillin were compared against six clinical isolates of bacteria resistant to piperacillin. The synergic activity of BRL42715 was greater than that of clavulanic acid in all six isolates.

The importance of preserving the deep cerebral venous outflow has been recognized in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia; however, few reports have described the details of complications arising from the sacrifice of the superior petrosal vein (SPV). During the procedure in a 77-year-old woman, some tributaries of the SPV complex were sacrificed to achieve microvascular decompression for right trigeminal neuralgia. Postoperatively, the patient was conscious and pain free; however, on postoperative day 1 she developed headache and nausea followed by a decreased level of consciousness. MRI revealed an extensive venous infarction in the right cerebellum. Sacrifice of the SPV may lead to serious, potentially life-threatening complications. Neurosurgeons should pay close attention to the management of the SPV to reduce the risk of venous complications.

To design a “mechano-active” small-diameter artificial vascular graft, a tubular scaffold made of elastomeric poly( l -lactide- co - e -caprolactone) fabrics at different wall thicknesses was fabricated using an electrospinning (ELSP) technique. The wall thickness of the fabricated tube (inner diameter; approximately 2.3–2.5 mm and wall thickness; 50–340 μm) increased proportionally with ELSP time. The wall thickness dependence of mechanical responses including intraluminal pressure-induced inflation was determined under static and dynamic flow conditions. From the compliance-related parameters (stiffness parameter and diameter compliance) measured under static condition, the smaller the wall thickness, the more compliant the tube. Under dynamic flow condition (1 Hz, maximal/minimal pressure of 90 mmHg/45 mmHg) produced by a custom-designed arterial circulatory system, strain, defined as the relative increase in diameter per pulse, increased with the decrease in wall thickness, which approached that of a native artery. Thus, a mechano-active scaffold that pulsates synchronously by responding to pulsatile flow was prepared using elastomeric PLCL as a base material and an ELSP technique.

The antibacterial and bactericidal activities and the stability of FK037 to beta-lactamases were investigated and compared with those of cefpirome, flomoxef, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, and vancomycin. Against clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, FK037 was less active than vancomycin but more potent than the other drugs tested. Among highly methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MIC for methicillin: 200 mg/l or higher), none of the strains were highly resistant to FK037 (MICor = 100 mg/l) unlike the other cephalosporins. With the exception of Enterococcus faecalis, FK037 had an activity equipotent to that of cefpirome and far superior to those of flomoxef, ceftazidime and ceftizoxime against other gram-positive clinical isolates. The activity of FK037 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia was equipotent to that of cefpirome but 2- to 4-fold less active than that of ceftazidime. FK037 inhibited 90% of Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii growth at a concentration of 6.25 mg/l; it was as active as cefpirome and much more active than ceftazidime. Against the other gram-negative bacteria tested, FK037 was equipotent to cefpirome and ceftazidime and was more effective than flomoxef. FK037, like cefpirome, portrayed a high stability to various beta-lactamases except type II penicillinase and oxyimino-cephalosporinase (CXase). FK037 scored an MIC range of 0.013-6.25 mg/l against numerous beta-lactamase-producing bacterial strains with the exception of some CXase-producing strains and a cephalosporinase-producing C. freundii; and against strains other than P. aeruginosa FK037 was as active as cefpirome and 2- to 32-fold more active than ceftazidime. FK037 displayed highly potent activities against cephalosporinase-producing E. cloacae, C. freundii and Serratia marcescens which were resistant to flomoxef and ceftizoxime. FK037 was highly bactericidal against S. aureus and Escherichia coli at its MIC or higher.

The establishment, characterization, and tumorigenicity of a cell line from a Sprague-Dawley rat ventral prostate is reported. The cells readily formed clones from single cell cultures, which showed epithelial morphology under the light microscope. Electron microscopic observation revealed desmosome-like structures between adjacent cells, but did not show any distinct junctional complexes. No Weibel Palade bodies were noted. C-type viral particles and pseudoparticulates were also observed under the electron microscope. The cells do have characteristics of malignant transformation such as loss of contact inhibition, karyotypic changes, and increased cloning efficiency, doubling time and saturation density. The cultured cells retain higher enzymatical activities for acid phosphatase and beta-glucronidase than those of intact organ. The cells showed no colony formation in soft agar culture, and did not produce subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. The usefulness of this partially transformed cell line is discussed in the literature.