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Purpose: We investigated the effects of a 16-wk combined exercise training on body composition, and metabolic and inflammatory markers in sedentary middle-aged workers. We also assessed whether alterations in metabolic markers were associated with changes in health-related outcomes. Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 46 participants randomly allocated into control and exercise groups. The exercise group performed 16-wk combined aerobic and resistance training for 75 min per session, 3 times a week. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 16-wk intervention to determine lipid profile, and metabolic and inflammatory markers as primary outcomes. Results: A total of 36 participants completed the intervention (53.70 ± 6.92 yr old; n = 18 in each group). Waist circumference (interaction effect: F = 7.423, P = 0.002), fat mass (interaction effect: F = 5.070, P = 0.011), and muscle mass (interaction effect: F = 5.420, P = 0.007) were improved in the exercise group compared with the control group. Fasting glucose increased after the 16-wk follow-up (time effect: F = 73.253, P < 0.001), without an intergroup difference. Insulin levels were greater in the control compared with exercise group (group effect: F = 6.509, P = 0.015). The control group tended to increase the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (interaction effect: F = 3.493, P = 0.070) and to decrease the QUICKI index (interaction effect: F = 3.364, P = 0.075) to a greater extent compared with the exercise group. Exercise group reduced leptin (interaction effect: F = 11.175, P = 0.002) and adiponectin (interaction effect: F = 4.437, P = 0.043) concentrations in a greater magnitude than the control group. Interleukin (IL)-6 (time effect: F = 17.767, P < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor α (time effect: F = 9.781, P = 0.004) concentrations decreased after the intervention, without an intergroup difference. IL-17A levels increased in the control compared with exercise group (interaction effect: F = 5.010, P = 0.033). Effects on adiponectin, IL-6, and IL-17A levels seem to depend on baseline body mass index, age, and sex. Percentage changes in leptin correlated positively with changes in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index in the exercise (r = 0.565, P = 0.015) and control (r = 0.670, P = 0.002) groups. Conclusions: A combined training program can be an effective strategy to improve body composition and inflammatory markers and prevent marked reductions in insulin sensitivity among middle-aged workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the training load through external and internal load dynamics across the preparation and competition of a top-level national team during a Rink Hockey European Championship. A non-experimental descriptive method was developed. A two-way mixed design ANOVA and a Spearman correlation test were used to compare and understand the relationship between players' external and internal load across microcycles during training sessions and competitive matches. Results revealed significantly higher values between training match day −3 to training match day −1 for player load (p ≤ 0.05), distance covered, and high-speed skating (p ≤ 0.001). Competition weeks exposed significantly higher values in comparison with training weeks. Interestingly, during competition, high impacts (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.64) and decelerations (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.43) had a greater influence on players' session RPE than in training weeks. Different external and internal load dynamics were observed in the competition and training weeks, with high impacts and decelerations appearing to create a physiological impact on players, but the same does not occur in the training sessions. Results highlight the need to understand the competitive dynamics of each sport and the use of the most appropriate metrics to monitor the preparation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe and compare the levels of physical activity, preferences for leisure-time physical activity, and the frequency of non-sedentary behaviors of Portuguese, Italian, and Spanish students attending higher education. Methods: A total of 1354 students (21.2 ± 2.9 years) participated in the study, with data collected through an online questionnaire for 6 months. Results: The highest levels of sedentary behavior are found among Spanish students, followed by the Portuguese, and lastly the Italians. In relation to physical activity levels, Spanish students perform more low and moderate physical activity, while Italian students perform more vigorous activities and naturally have a lower level of sedentary behavior. Conclusions: However, it is worth highlighting that students from all three countries reach the minimum levels of physical activity recommended by the WHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This systematic review analysed the association between objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular risk and HRQoL in adults without previous CVD. Additionally, we analysed the impact of the intensity of the physical activity in this association. Methods: The search was carried out in three electronic databases with access until February 2023 to find studies with an observational design. For quality assessment, we used The National Institute of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: We identified 5819 references, but only five studies were included. One study shows a positive association between physical activity and HRQoL, while sedentary behaviour was negatively related to HRQoL. Another study showed an association between high-intensity physical activity with a better physical component of HRQoL and low-intensity physical activity with a better mental component of HRQoL. Three studies concluded that higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower levels of cardiovascular risk and higher levels of sedentary behaviour are associated with higher levels of cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that people who spend more time being active and spend less time being sedentary appear to have lower cardiovascular risk and higher HRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional Ankle Instability (FAI) is the subject of extensive research in sports and other environments. Given the importance of accurately measuring this latent construct, it is imperative to carry out a careful assessment of the available tools. In this context, the aim of this review was to take an in-depth look at the six most cited measurement tools to assess FAI, with a specific focus on patient-reported outcome measures related to ankle and foot. Four electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and SportDiscus) were searched (up to November 2022) to identify the six most cited questionnaires for assessing FAI. Our analysis showed that the most cited questionnaires are the following: the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), the Foot Function Index (FFI), the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), the Olerud and Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Each questionnaire was thoroughly assessed and discussed in three sections: Development, Reliability, and Summaries. In addition, bibliometric data were calculated to analyze the relevance of each questionnaire. Despite variations in terms of validity and reliability, conceptualization, structure, and usefulness, the six questionnaires proved to be robust from a psychometric point of view, being widely supported in the literature. The bibliometric analyses suggested that the FAOS ranks first and the FFI ranks sixth in the weighted average of the impact factors of their original publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Childhood obesity presents a significant public health concern globally, with implications for cardiovascular health and metabolic syndrome. In Portugal, approximately 31.6% of children are affected, highlighting the urgency for intervention strategies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese school-aged children, with a focus on sex and age differences. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were conducted on 1564 children aged 6–10 years, including weight, height, and skinfold thickness. Body Mass Index (BMI) and the percentage of body fat were calculated using established methods. Results: The results revealed significant differences in BMI (≤0.001) and body fat percentage (≤0.001) among different BMI categories, with a notable prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly among boys. A total of 37% of the studied population is overweight or obese, among which 40.1% and 33.9% are boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions: This study highlights statistically significant differences in BMI and body fat percentage for both sexes in different BMI categories. A large proportion of the population is overweight or obese, with a greater prevalence in boys. In short, childhood obesity has a negative impact on body composition and is associated with significant differences in anthropometric parameters, emphasizing the importance of preventative and intervention strategies to address this health problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The objective of the study was to verify the effects of COVID-19 confinement on motor skills through a longitudinal study in Portuguese children who were one year old at the beginning of the pandemic. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 88 children of both sexes, in the pre-COVID-19 assessment, they were 13.31 ± 2.4 months old and in the post-COVID-19 assessment, the same children were already 49.31 ± 2.5 months old. Motor skills were assessed using the PDMS-2 scales. For the statistical analysis, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test normality, and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the results of the two assessments in the same sample. (3) Results: There were statistically significant differences in all motor skills assessed, with children presenting, on average, worse results in all global motor skills in the post-COVID-19 assessment, as opposed to fine motor skills, showing better results in the post-COVID-19 assessment. (4) Conclusions: These results show the negative impact of the pandemic on children evaluated with a special emphasis on global motor skills, with the majority demonstrating values considered below average for their age, noting that the pandemic protocols may have had serious consequences on children's motor development, warning professionals who deal daily with children in these age groups about the importance of stimulating global motor skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to verify whether there are differences in the body composition, functionality, lower-limb power, agility, and cardiorespiratory capacity in futsal players, comparing futsal athletes by competitive level. The athletes (N = 84) were divided into three groups: group Elite (N = 29), group Sub-Elite (N = 29), and group Non-Elite (N = 26). Anthropometric variables were analyzed through a bioimpedance scale (Inbody 270), and functionality was analyzed through a functional movement screen battery. The power of the lower limbs was tested with the Abalakov jump, the agility with the zigzag agility test, and the cardiorespiratory capacity through the futsal intermittent endurance test. Anthropometric data from futsal athletes revealed a homogeneity in relation to the variables analyzed, regardless of the level of competition in which they operate. In performance variables, the power of the members and functionality was considered a discriminating factor of the level of competitiveness of the athletes, with the Elite group athletes presenting the best values. We concluded that there were no differences in relation to the body composition of the athletes. However, the athletes of higher levels, as a rule, present better performances in physiological aspects, results that can be explained by the fact that there is a better periodization in terms of training, with more intense loads and more complex competitive calendars, thus resulting in a greater specialization of these athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief narrative review assesses how digital technologies—such as wearables, mobile health apps, and various digital tools such as computers, game consoles, tablets, smartphones, and extended reality systems—can influence sedentary and physical activity behaviors among community-dwelling older adults. Each section highlights the central role of these technologies in promoting active aging through increased motivation, engagement and customized experiences. It underlines the critical importance of functionality, usability and adaptability of devices and confirms the effectiveness of digital interventions in increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior. The sustainable impact of these technologies needs to be further investigated, with a focus on adapting digital health strategies to the specific needs of older people. The research advocates an interdisciplinary approach and points out that such collaborations are essential for the development of accessible, effective and ethical solutions. This perspective emphasizes the potential of digital tools to improve the health and well-being of the aging population and recommends their strategic integration into health promotion and policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity has been associated with better health outcome, like low risk of many diseases and low mortality, while sedentary behaviour has been considered a risk factor to health. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the association between physical activity and sedentary behaviour (objectively measured) with cardiovascular risk and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults without previous cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, we intend to analyse the impact of the intensity of the physical activity in this association. This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines (Page et al., 2021). The search will be carried in three electronic databases (Web of Science, SCOPUS and PubMed) in order to find studies with an observational design, that investigated the association between physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour (objectively measured) and cardiovascular risk and/or HRQoL in adults without history of cardiovascular disease. For quality assessment we will use The National Institute of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies (National Heart Lung & Institute, 2019). This review will clarify the impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the cardiovascular risk and HRQoL of adults, especially the impact of physical activity intensity. The results of this review will influence the promotion of behavioural change in population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imagery (IM) is one of the most popular psychological techniques used by athletes and coaches to improve performance at competition level. The aim of the study was to investigate if there were statically significant differences in the use of the imagery modalities of MIQ-3 (kinaesthetic, Visual Internal, Visual External) between futsal and soccer practitioners. Seventeen-three subjects (soccer: n = 24; age = 11.33 ± 0.48 years old; futsal: n = 49; age = 10.08 ± 1.77 years old) volunteered to participate in this study. All the participants had at least two years of regular practice in federated competition. The subjects signed an informed consent form. To assess IM ability, the Portuguese version of MIQ-3 was used. The normality of the data was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk Test. The mean and standard deviation were computed as descriptive statistics. T-test Student and Mann-Whitney tests for independent samples were used to verify differences between groups. Our results demonstrated no significant differences between groups (p > .5), values were higher in futsal practitioners in VI, VE and MIQ-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to verify if there were differences in terms of the development of strength and impulsion of the lower limbs in athletes practicing Acrobatic Gymnastics. In this study participated 12 athletes aged between 10 and 15 years (12.50 ± 0.97) all female, divided into two groups, an Experimental Group (N = 5, 12.40 ± 0.92) and a control group (N = 7, 12.57 ± 0.36). To assess the strength of the lower limbs, the Chronojump software was used and to verify the body composition, the "Inbody" Bioimpedance scale was used. Athletes in the experimental group performed 20 specific training sessions for different types of strength over approximately 3 months. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to verify normality and the Wilcoxon test was used (to assess intra-group differences). The main results obtained refer that both groups evolved, however it was the experimental group (subject to complementary training) that obtained better results and greater evolution, with statistically significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) has been related to impaired lung function in the diabetic population. Few studies have analysed the association between lung function and HbA1c in the non-diabetic population. We investigated whether HbA1c below the diagnostic threshold is associated with lung function parameters. Forty non-diabetic adults took part in this study. Fasting blood samples were drawn to determine the HbA1c level. Lung function was assessed by spirometry using the Spiropalm 6MWT (Cosmed, Italy) Spirometer. One-way ANOVA was performed to detect significant differences between the groups according to their HbA1c level (%). Pearson and Spearman's correlations were used to determine the associations between variables. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to HbA1c level as follows: Group 1 (n = 18), = 5.0 to = 5.5%; Group II (n = 10), >5.5 and = 5.7%; and Group III (n = 12), >5.7 and = 6.2%.Group I had the higher FVC (108.33 ± 13.81% pred.), FEV1 (108.11 ± 14.92% pred.), PFE (7.63 ± 2.25 L/s) and the lowest FEV1/FVC ratio (80.03 ± 5.52%) compared to other groups; however, there were no significant differences between groups. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that HbA1c was negatively related to FVC (L) (r = - 0.465, p = .002 [low]), FVC% prev. (r = -0.377, p = .016 [low]), and FEV1 (L) (r = -0.375, p = .017 [low]) but not to PFE and FEV1/FVC (p > .05). Our results suggest that HbA1c (%) level is associated with lower FVC and FEV1 in middle-aged adults, which may be a potential predictor of poor lung function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional Ankle Instability (FAI) is a subject of extensive research, both in sports and other fields. In that context, the aim of this revision was to analyse profoundly the six most cited self-report survey tools. Peerreviewed articles published before November 2022 were searched to identify the six most cited FAI assessment questionnaires: Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Foot Function Index (FFI), Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Olerud and Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). In addition, bibliometric data was calculated, including the weighted average impact factor, and other indicators such as references per year were also considered to analyse the relevance of each questionnaire. Bibliometric analyses suggested that the FAOS occupies the first place and the FFI occupies the sixth place in the weighted average of impact factors of their original publications. Consideration of psychometric strengths/limitations of each questionnaire and the conceptualization of instability in the context of specific research questions should guide investigators in selecting the most appropriate instrument to estimate functional instability in sport. The weighted average impact factor of each questionnaire also presents itself as a relevant metric to be considered. With these considerations, guidance for investigators is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Futsal, with its tactical dynamism and agility, demands motor mastery and quick thinking. Soccer, on expansive fields, requires endurance and precise strategy. Physical condition is a crucial foundation in both, optimizing performance and preventing injuries. Both modalities exemplify the symbiosis between body and mind in the sporting context. Agility ability is associated with jumping, resulting in improved time in agility drills with increased jumping in players. The countermovement jump (CMJ) is used to measure the explosive power of the lower limbs in an individual. The purpose of this study was to verify the correlation between CMJ (Jump Height (JH), Flight Time (FT), Power (P), Initial Speed (IS)) and the agility tests (T Test, Three Cone Test and Reactive Agility Test) in young soccer and futsal players. Fifty-seven young people (soccer: n = 34; age = 14.09 ± 2.68 years old, height = 1.63 ± 13.91 m, body mass = 55.33 ± 14.67 kg; futsal: n = 23; age = 14.13 ± 2.69 years old, height = 1.66 ± 13.18 m, body mass = 56.76 ± 15.79 kg). The subject performed the "Countermovement jump" (CMJ) from a contact mat using the Chronojump system, followed by three agility tests, T-Test, Three-Cone Test and Reactive Agility Test. The results show that there is a more significant correlation between explosive power and agility in futsal players than in soccer players. Taking this into consideration coaches should continue to work on strength through jumping which will help with their agility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Futsal, with its tactical dynamism and agility, demands motor mastery and quick thinking. Soccer, on expansive fields, requires endurance and precise strategy. Physical condition is a crucial foundation in both, optimizing performance and preventing injuries. Both modalities exemplify the symbiosis between body and mind in the sporting context. Agility ability is associated with jumping, resulting in improved time in agility drills with increased jumping in players. Squat Jump (SJ) training was shown to improve physical ability in soccer players in pre-season. The purpose of this study was to verify the correlation between SJ (Jump Height (JH), Flight Time (FT), Power (P), Initial Speed (IS)) and the agility tests (T Test, Three Cone Test and Reactive Agility Test) in young soccer and futsal players. Fifty-seven young people (soccer: n = 34; age = 14.09 ± 2.68 years old, height = 1.63 ± 13.91 m, body mass = 55.33 ± 14.67 kg; futsal: n = 23; age = 14.13 ± 2.69 years old, height = 1.66 ± 13.18 m, body mass = 56.76 ± 15.79 kg). The subject performed the "Squat Jump" (SJ) from a contact mat using the Chronojump system, followed by three agility tests, T-Test, Three-Cone Test and Reactive Agility Test. The results show that there is a more significant correlation between explosive power and agility in futsal players than in soccer players. Taking this into consideration coaches should continue to work on strength through jumping which will help with their agility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to manage the training process and ensure positive adaptation according to competitive demands to improve players' performance in a team sport such as rink hockey. This research aimed to investigate the training load through external (EL) and internal load (IL) dynamics during preparation for a top-level national team during the 2021 Rink Hockey European Championship. A non-experimental descriptive method was developed. A two-way mixed design ANOVA was utilized to compare EL and IL across microcycles during training sessions: In general, results revealed significantly higher values between training match day -3 (TMD-3) to TMD-1 for Player Load (PL) (p = .05) distance covered (DT) and high-speed skating (HSS) (p = .001). Significant differences were observed on s_RPE on TMD when compared to TMD-3, -2, and -1. In conclusion, different EL and IL dynamics were observed during the preparation weeks; however, s_RPE did not present a "U" wave tendency from TMD-3 until TMD. Such results highlight the need to understand each sport's competitive dynamics and use the most appropriate metrics to monitor the preparation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boxing has been popular among athletes and spectators for centuries, as well as the injuries that come with it. The aim of this study was to quantify the injuries incidence (II) over the past 3 years and to detect common injury patterns and risk factors among boxing performers (BP). It was produced a 66-item questionnaire shared by BP. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 29.0. The significance level was 5%. Data is presented with average ± standard deviation for quantitative variables and as frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. Normality was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A threestep hierarchical linear regression was performed. After selection we obtained 583 answers (76.0 % male; 29.15 ± 10.99 age; 173.65 ± 13.29 cm height; 74.42 ± 14.83 kg weight). There were 146 B (21.4%) one injury, 21 (3.6%) two injuries. We found an injuries incidence of 0.53 injuries per 1000 training hours per year. The highest number of injuries was during sparring (34.3%) and the most frequent was inflammation (28.1%). The following risk factors were significant: athletes' height (p = .001), competition (p = .047), and strength training (p = .036). In our study, we concluded that the lesions incidence was low, compared to previous studies and it supports the literature regarding the decrease of II, namely in amateur boxing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the self-reported physical activity of Portuguese, Italian and Spanish students who attend higher education. Participated in the study 1440 higher education students. Of this total, 424 subjects study in Portugal; 407 study Italy; and 609 study in Spain. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied, validated and translated into Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. Using SPSS (v.23.0), descriptive statistics were performed, as well as verification of the normality of data distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) Since all variables have a non-normal distribution, the Kruskal Wallis test was used (Mann-Whitney). We verified that, regarding the variables "Vigorous PA Days", "Moderate PA Days", "Sitting Time per day, during the week" and "Sitting Time per day, on the weekend", it is the Italian students who present the mean values more favourable, with significant differences (p = .05), compared to Spanish and Portuguese students. We conclude that Portuguese, Italian and Spanish university students present moderate levels of physical activity, combined with high amounts of daily sedentary behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine whether physical activity has a positive effect on the mood of elderly people living in institutions. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire was used to study a sample of three individuals over the age of 65. The questionnaire was completed at four different time points: 5 minutes before an aquatic exercise session, 5 minutes after the session, 30 minutes after, and finally 60 minutes after the session. The results of the study showed that depression and fatigue decreased significantly, while little change was observed in tension, hostility, vitality, and confusion. These findings have important implications for medical professionals, exercise scientists, and professionals working with older adults. In particular, they offer insights into promoting active aging, especially with regard to psychological and emotional well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the effects of multi-component training on the mood state of older women. As part of a multiple-case study, we collected data from three elderly women over the age of 65 using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed at four different time points: 5 minutes before exercise, 5 minutes after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after exercise. The results showed that multi-component training had a positive effect on the vitality-activity factor, as all participants experienced improvements. These results have important implications for medical professionals, technicians, and sports scientists interested in promoting active aging, especially from an emotional perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of aquarobics on the mood of elderly people. Using the POMS - Profile of Mood States questionnaire, we collected data from three participants, two men and one woman, all over 65 years old. The questionnaire was completed at four different time points: 5 minutes before water exercise, 5 minutes after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after. Our results showed that a single session in water had a positive effect on the state mood of seniors. It was observed that fatigue, depression and tension decreased, while vitality increased. These results are of great importance to medical professionals, sports scientists and advocates of active aging, especially with regard to psychological and emotional well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical inactivity are two major risk factors for obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease development (Davies et al., 2018). Effective stress-reducing interventions, such as regular exercise, are essential to prevent the harmful impact of SB on metabolic outcomes (Pedersen, 2017). We aimed to analyse the effects of a combined training program on body composition, blood pressure (BP), and glucose and insulin metabolism markers in non-diabetic sedentary workers and to assess the associations between the changes promoted by the exercise intervention and the different variables studied. This is a single-blinded two-arm randomised controlled trial. Thirty-six participants (53.7±6.9 years old; BMI: 27.2±3.9 kg/m2) underwent 16 weeks of combined exercise training [CET (n=18), resistance (6-15 reps at 45-90% 1RM) and aerobic exercise (60-95% HRmax)], 3 times/week, 75 min/session, or a control group (n=18). Body composition, blood pressure (BP), and fasting blood samples were taken pre- and post-intervention. Body composition was determined by bioimpedance (Inbody 270, USA). Blood pressure was measured using an automated oscillometric cuff (NBP- 24 NG, USA). Fasting glucose and insulin were analysed using standard enzymatic assays (Atellica CH Analyzer, USA) and ELISA (Crystal Chem, USA), respectively. Plasma HbA1c level was determined by the Ion-exchange HPLC method (Tosoh Bioscience, California). The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as (glucose x insulin/22.5). The CET group significantly decreased BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, and increased muscle mass after the exercise intervention (p<0.01), while no significant changes were observed in the control group. A significant reduction of BP was observed in the CET group (time p=0.001). Fasting glucose increased in both groups without intergroup differences (time p<0.001); however, no significant changes were observed in HbA1c% levels. Fasting insulin was significantly higher in the control group after 16 weeks of follow-up (group p=0.01). The control group also increased the HOMA-IR index (time p=0.01) after 16 weeks of followup, with intergroup differences at follow-up (group p=0.03). No significant changes were observed in the CET group for insulin and HOMA-IR index (p>0.05). Bivariate correlations showed a significant positive correlation between the change (Δ) in systolic BP and Δ HOMA-IR index (r=0.475, p=0.046). Our results suggest that a combined training program could be an effective strategy to improve body composition and maintain normal glucose and insulin metabolism, preventing the development of metabolic disorders as well as the vascular dysfunction associated with the insulin resistance phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agility is characterized by the athlete's capacity to perform rapid whole-body movements with a change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus. This study aimed to verify the differences in agility performance between young soccer and futsal players. A total of 57 young players (futsal: n = 23; 14.13 ± 2.69 years old [age], 1.66 ± 13.18 m [stature], 56.76 ± 15.79 kg [body mass]; soccer: n = 34; 14.09 ± 2.68 years old [age], 1.63 ± 13.91 m [stature], 55.33 ± 14.67 kg [body mass]) volunteered to participate in this study. The participants performed three different agility tests, namely: 'T-Test' (seconds), 'Three Cone Test' (seconds), and 'Reactive Agility Test' (seconds). The normality of the data was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk Test. The mean and standard deviation were computed as descriptive statistics. T-test Student and Mann-Whitney tests for independent samples were used to verify differences between groups. Our results demonstrated significant differences in the 'Three cone test', with futsal players presenting better time (seconds). No significant differences were observed for 'T-Test' and 'Reactive Agility Test'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin levels and their association with fat mass, and lipid and glycaemic profiles in sedentary middle-aged adults without diabetes. Forty middle-aged sedentary adults (82.5% women; 53.4 ± 7.18 years old; BMI: 27.4 ± 3.9 kg/m2) took part in this study. Anthropometric measures including body mass, stature, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Fat mass was determined by bioimpedance. Fasting blood samples were collected to determine adipokines and lipid and glycaemic profile outcomes. Pearson and Spearman's correlations were used to determine the associations between variables. Our results suggested that leptin is positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, glucose, HbA1c (%), and total cholesterol. Regarding adiponectin levels, we found a negative association with BMI and triglycerides and a positive association with HDL-C levels. No significant associations were observed between adiponectin and glycaemic profile outcomes. Adiponectin/leptin ratio showed to be associated negatively with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fasting glucose, and triglycerides. This study has important clinical and public health implications supporting the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle to maintain satisfactory levels of leptin and adiponectin, and consequently, a normal glycaemic and lipid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Futsal, with its tactical dynamism and agility, demands motor mastery and quick thinking. Soccer, on expansive fields, requires endurance and precise strategy. Physical condition is a crucial foundation in both, optimizing performance and preventing injuries. Both modalities exemplify the symbiosis between body and mind in the sporting context. Squat Jump (SJ) training was shown to improve physical ability in soccer players in pre-season. The purpose of this study was to analyse the differences in the SJ outcomes (Jump Height (JH), Flight Time (FT), Power (P), Initial Speed) between young soccer and futsal players. Fifty-seven young people (soccer: n = 34; age = 14.09 ± 2.68 years old, height = 1.63 ± 13.91 m, body mass = 55.33 ± 14.67 kg; futsal: n = 23; age = 14.13 ± 2.69 years old, height = 1.66 ± 13.18 m, body mass = 56.76 ± 15.79 kg) took part of this study. The participant performed the SJ from a contact mat using the Chronojump system (Chronojump-Boscosystem, Spain). Mann-Whitney and T-Test for Independent samples were used to verify differences between groups. We found that soccer players demonstrate higher power than futsal players, and the futsal player higher jump height than the soccer group, while other jump-related variables remain similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Futsal, with its tactical dynamism and agility, demands motor mastery and quick thinking. Soccer, on expansive fields, requires endurance and precise strategy. Physical condition is a crucial foundation in both, optimizing performance and preventing injuries. Both modalities exemplify the symbiosis between body and mind in the sporting context. The countermovement jump (CMJ) is used to measure the explosive power of the lower limbs in an individual. The purpose of this study was to analyse the differences in the CMJ outcomes (Jump Height (JH), Flight Time (FT), Power (P), Initial Speed) between young soccer and futsal players. Fiftyseven young people (soccer: n = 34; age = 14.09 ± 2.68 years old, height = 1.63 ± 13.91 m, body mass = 55.33 ± 14.67 kg; futsal: n = 23; age = 14.13 ± 2.69 years old, height = 1.66 ± 13.18 m, body mass = 56.76 ± 15.79 kg) took part of this study. The participant performed the CMJ from a contact mat using the Chronojump system (Chronojump-Boscosystem, Spain). Mann-Whitney and T-Test for Independent samples were used to verify differences between groups. We found that futsal players demonstrate notably higher power than soccer players (p < .05; 640.85 ± 238.25 vs 566.62 ± 166.23 watts, respectively), while other jump-related variables remain similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This intervention project aimed to improve psychomotor factors in older people living in nursing homes. We carefully randomly selected six participants to obtain a heterogeneous group consisting of three women and three men with an average age of 86 years (SD = 1.4 years). In order to assess the effect of psychomotor activities, we conducted an initial study using the Geronto-Psychomotor Examination. At the end of the project, a re-evaluation was conducted to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. The intervention consisted of weekly sessions over a three-month period, with each session lasting 45 minutes. We developed a comprehensive application protocol based on a thorough assessment and observation methodology that included both quantitative and qualitative measures. The results of our study suggest that this intervention project has the potential to make a positive contribution to the well-being of older people in residential care, particularly in a preventive context. We believe that these findings should be incorporated into programs for the elderly to better serve this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of a sedentary lifestyle has led to significant health consequences for the population. However, research shows that being more physically active can help prevent falls, improve cardiovascular capacity, and increase muscle strength in older adults. To better understand these behaviours, it is important to consider the social and environmental context in which they occur. The aim of this study was to describe the daily physical activity of older adults living in rural areas of Portugal using ecological momentary assessment. A total of 19 participants with an average age of 74.7 years (SD = 8.5) were included in the study. Data were collected using diary entries at 20-minute intervals. Results showed that older adult's physical activity is mainly focused on housework, tending the vegetable garden, and occasional outdoor walks, most of which take place at home and occasionally outdoors. This information demonstrates the importance of promoting physical activity specifically to ensure the overall health and well-being of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the acute responses of oxygen uptake and its kinetics, blood lactate concentration, total metabolic energy and energetic contributions to swimming tests performed at 90%, 92.5% and 95% of the 400 m front crawl test mean speed. Methods: Fourteen male swimmers (26.7 ± 5.4 years) performed a 400 m front crawl test and three swimming sets at 90%, 90.5%, and 95% of the mean 400 m test swimming speed. Oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, oxygen uptake kinetics (amplitude, time in seconds of the fast phase, time delay and constant time adjustment in the fast phase), total metabolic energy and energetic contributions were obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: Among the results, the oxygen uptake and time in the 400 m test were: 55.0 ± 5.8 ml.kg−1.min−1 and 324.2 ± 20.0 s. At 90, 92.5 and 95% sets, the oxygen uptake was, respectively, 45.6 ± 4.4, 49.0 ± 6.0, and 52.4 ± 5.8 ml.kg−1.min−1. For 90%, 90.5%, and 95%, total time to exhaustion was, respectively: 1466.1 ± 730.9; 888.71 ± 324.0 and 562.7 ± 166.6 s. The amplitude of the kinetics was higher at 95% set. The slow component of the VO2 kinetics on the 90%, 92.5% and 95% sets were, respectively: 120.7 ± 82.9 ml.min−1, 171.8 ± 140.6 ml.min−1, and 182.6 ± 120.2 ml.min−1. No differences were identified among the slow component's values. Aerobic contribution was predominant and has decreased as the intensity increased. Conclusion: The results suggest that, as there was an increase in intensity (90%, 92.5%, and 95%): (i) increase in oxygen uptake, in blood lactate concentration, in the amplitude of oxygen uptake kinetic; and (ii) decrease in total metabolic energy. Regarding the aerobic and anaerobic percentage contribution, as expected, as the intensity of the exercise increased, the aerobic percentage decreased, in turn, the anaerobic component increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]