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1. Refractive Growth of the Crystalline Lens in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Author

Thaddeus S. McClatchey, MD, Scott R. Lambert, MD, David G. Morrison, MD, Stacey J. Kruger, MD, Lorri B. Wilson, MD, Scott K. McClatchey, MD, Scott R. Lambert, MD (Study Chair), Lindreth DuBois, MEd, MMSc, CO, COMT (National Coordinator), Azhar Nizam, MS (Director), Qi Long, PhD (former Director), Michael J. Lynn, MS (former Director), Betsy Bridgman, BS, Marianne Celano, PhD, Julia Cleveland, MS, George Cotsonis, MS, Carey Drews-Botsch, PhD, Nana Freret, MSN, Lu Lu, MS, Seegar Swanson, Thandeka Tutu-Gxashe, MPH, E. Eugenie Hartmann, PhD (Director), Anna K. Carrigan, MPH, Clara Edwards, Claudio Busettini, PhD, Samuel Hayley, Eleanor Lewis, Alicia Kindred Joost Felius, PhD, Edward G. Buckley, MD, David A. Plager, MD, M. Edward Wilson, MD, Lindreth DuBois, MEd, MMSc, Carolyn Drews-Botsch, PhD, E. Eugenie Hartmann, PhD, Donald F. Everett, MA, Michael J. Lynn, MS, Qi Long, PhD, Azhar Nizam, MS, Joost Felius, PhD, Margaret Bozic, CCRC, COA, Ann Holleschau, BA, Buddy Russell, COMT, Michael Ward, Carol Bradham, COA, Deborah K. Vanderveen, MD, Theresa A. Mansfield, RN, Kathryn Bisceglia Miller, OD, Tamar Winter, RN, Stephen P. Christiansen, MD, Erick D. Bothun, MD, Jason Jedlicka, OD, Patricia Winters, OD, Jacob Lang, OD, Jill S. Anderson, MD, Elias I. Traboulsi, MD, Susan Crowe, BS, COT, Heather Hasley Cimino, OD, Faruk Orge, MD, Megin Kwiatkowski, Beth Colon, Angela Meador, COA, MHA, Kimberly G. Yen, MD, Maria Castanes, MPH, Alma Sanchez, COA, Shirley York, OD, Stacy Malone, COA, Margaret Olfson, Gihan Romany, MBChB, COMT, CCRC, David T. Wheeler, MD, Ann U. Stout, MD, Paula Rauch, OT, CRC, Kimberly Beaudet, CO, COMT, Pam Berg, CO, COMT, Lorri Wilson, MD, Amy K. Hutchinson, MD, Lindreth Dubois, MEd, MMSc, CO, COMT, Rachel Robb, MMSc, CO, COMT, Marla J. Shainberg, CO, Sharon F. Freedman, MD, Lois Duncan, BS, CO, COMT, B.W. Phillips, FCLSA, John T. Petrowski, OD, Sarah Jones, MS, David Morrison, MD, Sandy Owings, COA, CCRP, Ron Biernacki, CO, COMT, Christine Franklin, COT, Scott Ruark, Daniel E. Neely, MD, Michele Whitaker, COMT, CCRP, Donna Bates, COA, Dana Donaldson, OD, Stacey Kruger, MD, Charlotte Tibi, CO, Susan Vega, David R. Weakley, MD, David R. Stager, Jr., M.D., Clare Dias, CO, Debra L. Sager, Todd Brantley, OD, Bonnie Miller, PhD, Eva Lutz, CO, Lisa Davis, Robert Hardy, PHD (Chair), Eileen Birch, PhD, Ken Cheng, MD, Richard Hertle, MD, Craig Kollman, PhD, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, MD (resigned), Cyd McDowell, and Allen Beck, MD

Subjects
IATS, Ocular development, Pediatric cataract surgery, RRG3, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Objective: To compare the rate of refractive growth (RRG3) of the crystalline lens (“lens”) versus the eye excluding the lens (“globe”) for the fellow, noncataractous eyes of participants in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Subjects: A total of 114 children who had unilateral cataract surgery as infants were recruited. Biometric and refraction data were obtained from the normal eyes at surgery and at 1, 5, and 10 years. Subjects were included if complete data (axial length [AL], corneal power, and refraction) were available at surgery and at 10 years of age. Methods: At surgery and at 1, 5, and 10 years, AL, corneal power, and cycloplegic refraction were measured in the normal eyes. For each eye, the RRG3 was defined by linear regression of refraction at the intraocular lens (IOL) plane against log10 (age + 0.6 years). The RRG3 for the globe was based on IOL power for emmetropia; the RRG3 for the lens was based on IOL power calculated to give the observed refractions. Intraocular lens powers were calculated with the Holladay 1 formula. The means were compared with a paired 2-tailed t test, and linear regression was used to look for a correlation between RRG3 of the lens globe. Main Outcome Measures: The RRG3 of the lens and globe. Results: Complete data were available for 107 normal eyes. The mean RRG3 of the lenses was −12.0 ± 2.5 diopters (D) and the mean RRG3 of the globes was −14.1 ± 2.7 D (P < 0.001). The RRG3 of the lens correlated with the RRG3 of the globe (R2 = 0.25, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The RRG3 was 2 D more negative in globes compared with lenses in normal eyes. Globes with a greater rate of growth tended to have lenses with a greater rate of growth.

Published
2022
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2. The Pediatric Optic Neuritis Prospective Outcomes Study

Author

Stacy L. Pineles, Robert J. Henderson, Michael X. Repka, Gena Heidary, Grant T. Liu, Amy T. Waldman, Mark S. Borchert, Sangeeta Khanna, Jennifer S. Graves, Janine E. Collinge, Julie A. Conley, Patricia L. Davis, Raymond T. Kraker, Susan A. Cotter, Jonathan M. Holmes, Melinda Y. Chang, Dilshad Contractor, Emily J. Zolfaghari, Aarti Vyas, Tiffany Yuen, Veeral S. Shah, Evelyn A. Paysse, Gihan Romany, Jason H. Peragallo, Judy L. Brower, Aparna Raghuram, Bilal Al Wattar, Ryan Chinn, Srishti Kothari, R. Michael Siatkowski, Maria E. Lim, Alisha N. Brewer, Annette M. Doughty, Sonny W. Icks, Shannon Almeida, Alejandra de Alba Campomanes, Premilla Banwait, Leila Hajkazemshirazi, Yizhuo Bastea-Forte, Jennifer K. Arjona, Jeremy Chen, Karen Cooper, Rafif Ghadban, Sophia M. Chung, Oscar A. Cruz, Traci A. Christenson, Lisa L. Breeding, Dawn M. Govreau, Beth A. Wallis, Brooke E. Geddie, Elisabeth T. Wolinski, Indre M. Rudaitis, Jacqueline Twite, Carrie S. Bloomquist, Sarah R. Laboy, Jackie M. Twite, Michelle V. Doan, Marianne J. Bernardo, Michael C. Brodsky, John J. Chen, Suzanne M. Wernimont, Lindsay L. Czaplewski, Stacy L. Eastman, Moriah A. Keehn, Debbie M. Priebe, Don L. Bremer, Richard P. Golden, Catherine O. Jordan, Mary Lou McGregor, Rachel E. Reem, David L. Rogers, Amanda N. Schreckengost, Sara A. Maletic, Mays A. Dairi, Laura B. Enyedi, Sarah K. Jones, Navajyoti R. Barman, Robert J. House, David A. Nasrazadani, Sean M. Gratton, Justin D. Marsh, Rebecca J. Dent, Lezlie L. Bond, Lori L. Soske, Padmaja Sudhakar, Christi M. Willen, Deborah Taylor, Nathaniel Q. Moliterno, Michael Nsoesie, Shaista Vally, Paul H. Phillips, Robert S. Lowery, Beth Colon, Nancy L. Stotts, Kelly D. To, Collin M. McClelland, Raymond G. Areaux, Ann M. Holleschau, Kim S. Merrill, Luis H. Ospina, Rosanne Superstein, Maryse Thibeault, Helene Gagnon, Sean P. Donahue, Scott T. Ruark, Lisa A. Fraine, Petrice A. Sprouse, Ronald J. Biernacki, Robert A. Avery, Brian J. Forbes, Imran Jivraj, Anita A. Kohli, Meg M. Richter, Agnieshka Baumritter, Ellen B. Mitchell, Ken K. Nischal, Lauren M. Runkel, Bianca Blaha, Whitney Churchfield, Christina Fulwylie, Melissa W. Ko, Luis J. Mejico, Muhammad Iqbal, Catherine E. Attanasio, Lena F. Deb, Courtney B. Goodrich, Alisha M. Hartwell, Jennifer A. Moore, Lisa Bohra, Alexandra O. Apkarian, Elena M. Gianfermi, John D. Roarty, Leemor B. Rotberg, Susan N. Perzyk, Roy W. Beck, Darrell S. Austin, Nicole M. Boyle, Danielle L. Chandler, Patricia L. Connelly, Courtney L. Conner, Trevano W. Dean, Quayleen Donahue, Brooke P. Fimbel, Amra Hercinovic, James E. Hoepner, Joseph D. Kaplon, Zhuokai Li, Gillaine Ortiz, Julianne L. Robinson, Kathleen M. Stutz, David O. Toro, Victoria C. Woodard, Rui Wu, Laura Balcer, Mark Kupersmith, Elizabeth L. Lazar, Amy Waldman, David K. Wallace, Eileen E. Birch, Angela M. Chen, Stephen P. Christiansen, S. Ayse Erzurum, Donald F. Everett, Sharon F. Freedman, William V. Good, Katherine A. Lee, Richard London, Vivian M. Manh, Ruth E. Manny, David G. Morrison, Bonita R. Schweinler, Jayne L. Silver, Lisa C. Verderber, Katherine K. Weise, Ari Green, Marie Diener-West, John D. Baker, Barry Davis, Dale L. Phelps, Stephen W. Poff, Richard A. Saunders, and Lawrence Tychsen

Subjects
Ophthalmology
Published
2022

3. Health- and Vision-Related Quality of Life in a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Methotrexate and Mycophenolate Mofetil for Uveitis

Author

Nicole K. Kelly, Aheli Chattopadhyay, S.R. Rathinam, John A. Gonzales, Radhika Thundikandy, Anuradha Kanakath, S. Bala Murugan, R. Vedhanayaki, Dean Cugley, Lyndell L. Lim, Eric B. Suhler, Hassan A. Al-Dhibi, Caleb D. Ebert, Elyse J. Berlinberg, Travis C. Porco, Nisha R. Acharya, A.L. Sivarama Subramanian, G. Jeyakohila, Gracy Evangelin, A.M. Azhagupandi, C.V. Praba, S. Bharati, S. Gomathi, N.J. Nirmaladevi, Mohammed Siddiq, B. Vijayakumar, S.R. Devi, V.R. Saravanan, Upendra Babu, R. Srija, S. Dhanalakshmi, R.R. Sakthimari, P.S. Keerthana, A.M. Mallika, C. Vasanthi, P.B. Mariselvi, P. Pandeeswari, S.M. Sudarvanitha, R. Prema, Prabu Baskaran, S. Madanagopalan, Chokkahalli K. Nagesha, R. Thilagavathi, Chitra Krishnakumari, Irudhaya Raj P, S. Saravanan, Grace Mary, S. Nagarasi, Kiruba Gnansi, Lourdes Arellanes-Garcia, Luz Elena Concha del Rio, Rashel Cheja Kalb, Nancy Fernández, Yoko Burgoa, Hilda Hernández, Roberto Fabela Cuello, Lorenzo Agustín Martínez Garcia, Ricardo Montoya Rodríguez, Maria del Carmen Preciado, Andrea Arreola, Donald Stone, Mohammed Al-Shamrani, Sara Al-Nuwaysir, Abdulrahman Al-Hommadi, Abdullah Al-Omran, Saleh Al-Nasser, Gahram Al-Zahrani, Eman Mashan, Mizher Al-Ghamdi, Ayshah Al-Tuwejri, Debra A. Goldstein, Anna Liza Castro-Malek, Gemma Dela Rosa, Marriner Skelly, Eric Suhler, James Rosenbaum, Phoebe Lin, Sherveen Salek, Kristin Biggee, Amde Shifera, Laura Kopplin, George Mount, Tracy Giles, Susan Nolte, Ann Lundquist, Teresa Liesegang, Albert Romo, Chris Howell, Scott Pickell, Peter Steinkemp, Dawn Ryan, Jordan Barth, Jocelyn Hui, Chiedozie Ukachukwu, Lyndell Lim, Richard Stawell, Robyn Troutbeck, Cecilia Ling, Xavier Fagan, Julian Bosco, Timothy Godfrey, Tanya Pejnovic, Carly D’Sylva, Sutha Sanmugasundram, Tina-Marie van Tonder, Maria Kolic, Nisha Acharya, John Gonzales, Thuy Doan, Sarah Lopez, Maya Rao, Erica Browne, Betty Hom, Mary Lew, Salena Lee, Travis Porco, Thomas Lietman, Jeremy Keenan, Eric Kim, Hieu Nguyen, Caleb Ebert, Elyse Berlinberg, Andrew Hirst, Rachel Weinrib, Maureen G. Maguire, William E. Barlow, Steven Yeh, Albert T. Vitale, Jaqueline J. Glover, Narsing A. Rao, and Donald F. Everett

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, Health Status, Administration, Oral, Article, law.invention, Uveitis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Randomized controlled trial, Interquartile range, law, Sickness Impact Profile, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Prospective Studies, Enzyme Inhibitors, Vision, Ocular, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Outcome measures, Middle Aged, Mycophenolic Acid, medicine.disease, humanities, Ophthalmology, Methotrexate, Health, Quality of Life, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug
Abstract

To evaluate changes in health-related and vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) among patients with noninfectious uveitis who were treated with antimetabolites.Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Patients with noninfectious uveitis from India, the United States, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Mexico.From 2013 through 2017, 216 participants were randomized to receive 25 mg weekly oral methotrexate or 1.5 g twice daily oral mycophenolate mofetil. Median changes in quality of life (QoL) were measured using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and differences between treatment groups were measured using linear mixed models, adjusting for baseline QoL score, age, gender, and site. Among Indian patients, VRQoL scores from a general scale (the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire [NEI-VFQ]) and a culturally specific scale (the Indian Visual Function Questionnaire [IND-VFQ]) were compared using Pearson correlation tests.Vision-related QoL (NEI-VFQ and IND-VFQ) and health-related QoL (HRQoL; physical component score [PCS] and mental component score [MCS] of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Survey [SF-36v2]) were measured at baseline, the primary end point (6 months or treatment failure before 6 months), and the secondary end point (12 months or treatment failure between 6 and 12 months).Among 193 participants who reached the primary end point, VRQoL increased from baseline by a median of 12.0 points (interquartile range [IQR], 1.0-26.1, NEI-VFQ scale), physical HRQoL increased by a median of 3.6 points (IQR, -1.4 to 14.9, PCS SF-36v2), and mental HRQoL increased by a median of 3.0 points (IQR, -3.7 to 11.9, MCS SF-36v2). These improvements in NEI-VFQ, SF-36v2 PCS, and SF-36v2 MCS scores all were significant (P0.01). The linear mixed models showed that QoL did not differ between treatment groups for each QoL assessment (NEI-VFQ, IND-VFQ, PCS SF-36v2, and MCS SF-36v2; P0.05 for all). The NEI-VFQ and IND-VFQ scores for Indian participants were correlated highly at baseline and the primary and secondary end points (correlation coefficients, 0.87, 0.80, and 0.90, respectively).Among patients treated with methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil for uveitis, VRQoL and HRQoL improved significantly over the course of 1 year and did not differ by treatment allocation. These findings suggest that antimetabolites could improve overall patient well-being and daily functioning.

Published
2021

4. Myopic Shift at 10-Year Follow-up in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Author

David R. Weakley, Azhar Nizam, Deborah K. VanderVeen, M. Edward Wilson, Stacy Kruger, Scott R. Lambert, Lindreth DuBois, Buddy Russell, Michael Ward, Robert Hardy, Eileen Birch, Ken Cheng, Richard Hertle, Craig Kollman, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, Cyd McDowell, Donald F. Everett, Qi Long, Michael Lynn, Betsy Bridgman, Marianne Celano, Julia Cleveland, George Cotsonis, Nana Freret, Lu Lu, Neeta Shenvi, Seegar Swanson, Thandeka Tutu-Gxashe, Carey Drews-Botsch, Claudio Busettini, Samuel Hayley, Joost Felius, Allen Beck, Edward G. Buckley, David A. Plager, Carolyn Drews-Botsch, E. Eugenie Hartmann, Eugenie Hartmann, Anna K. Carrigan, Clara Edwards, Margaret Bozic, Theresa A. Mansfield, Kathryn Bisceglia Miller, Stephen P. Christiansen, Erick D. Bothun, Ann Holleschau, Jason Jedlicka, Patricia Winters, Jacob Lang, Elias I. Traboulsi, Susan Crowe, Heather Hasley Cimino, Kimberly G. Yen, Maria Castanes, Alma Sanchez, Shirley York, Amy K. Hutchinson, Lindreth Dubois, Rachel Robb, Marla J. Shainberg, David T. Wheeler, Ann U. Stout, Paula Rauch, Kimberly Beaudet, Pam Berg, Sharon F. Freedman, Lois Duncan, B.W. Phillips, John T. Petrowski, David Morrison, Sandy Owings, Ron Biernacki, Christine Franklin, Daniel E. Neely, Michele Whitaker, Donna Bates, Dana Donaldson, Charlotte Tibi, Susan Vega, David R. Stager, Clare Dias, Debra L. Sager, Todd Brantley, and Faruk Orge

Subjects
Ophthalmology, Myopia, Humans, Infant, Aphakia, Postcataract, Cataract Extraction, Aphakia, Follow-Up Studies
Published
2021

5. Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Concentrations after Intravitreous Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema

Author

Lee M. Jampol, Adam R. Glassman, Danni Liu, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Neil M. Bressler, Elia J. Duh, Susan Quaggin, John A. Wells, Charles C. Wykoff, David Browning, Andrew N. Antoszyk, Angela K. Price, Sherry L. Fredenberg, Jenna T. Herby, Christina J. Fleming, Ashley A. McClain, Sarah A. Ennis, Kelly R. Gallagher, Angella S. Karow, Autumn C. Grupp, Danielle Puskas, Lynn Watson, Swann J. Bojaj, Uma M. Balasubramaniam, Donna McClain, Donna R. Styles, Jeff A. Kuopus, Kathryn Kimrey, Loraine M. Clark, Lisa A. Jackson, Michael D. McOwen, Matt Dunlap, Susannah J. Held, Dante J. Pieramici, Ma'an A. Nasir, Alessandro A. Castellarin, Dilsher Dhoot, Sarah Fishbein, Jack Giust, Lisha Wan, Michelle S. Hanna, Melvin D. Rabena, Jerry Smith, Layne J. Bone, Kelly Avery, Matthew Giust, Aimee Walker, Aimee H. Shook, Sara Esau, Nitce L. Ruvalcaba, W. Lloyd Clark, David L. Johnson, John F. Payne, Tiffany R. Swinford, Mallie M. Taylor, Cassandra L. Garrison, Peggy D. Miller, Amber R. Houlahan, Charlotte A. O'Neill, Ashley Floyd, Crystal C. Parker, Courtney Sease, Tara Graham, Robin Spencer, Tiffany N. Ogbuewu, Ashley Studebaker, Tyler Huggins, Robbin Spivey, Brian Jones, Ashley Williams, Ron Petty, Erin L. Poston, G. Michael Ward, Carl W. Baker, Ron H. Tilford, Tracey M. Caldwell, Lynnette F. Lambert, Mary J. Palmer, Tracey R. Martin, Tana R. Williams, Samantha Kettler, Alecia B. Camp, Paolo S. Silva, Paul G. Arrigg, George S. Sharuk, Sabera T. Shah, Jennifer K. Sun, Corey Westerfeld, Christopher Michael Andreoli, Deborah Schlossman, Timothy Murtha, Hanna Kwak, Flor M. Flores, Margaret E. Stockman, Troy Kieser, Michael N. Krigman, Leila Bestourous, Elizabeth S. Weimann, Jerry D. Cavallerano, Kristen M. Hock, Mary Ann Robertson, Rita K. Kirby, Steve L. Papaconstantinou, Kylie M. Madigan, Robert W. Cavicchi, Kate A. Palitsch, Taygan Yilmaz, Brian B. Berger, Chirag D. Jhaveri, Tori Moore, Ginger J. Manhart, Rachel A. Walsh, Ivana Gunderson, Dietrich Riepen, Chelsey A. Bravenec, Ryan M. Reid, Yong Ren, Ben Ostrander, Christopher C. Stovall, Michael J. Elman, Robert A. Liss, Henry A. Leder, JoAnn Starr, Jennifer L. Belz, Charlene K. Putzulo, Dallas R. Sandler, Jennifer L. Simmons, Pamela V. Singletary, Ashley Davis, Perel M. Simpson, Teresa Coffey, Daniel J. Ketner, Terri Cain, Ashley M. Metzger, Peter Sotirakos, Dennis M. Marcus, Harinderjit Singh, Courtney N. Roberts, Geri L. Floyd, Siobhan O. Ortiz, Virginia Mims, L. Allison Foster, Christy Coursey, Jared C. Gardner, Ken Ivey, John Stewart O'Keefe, Juan A. Astruc, Bryan J. Schwent, Ali R. Tabassian, Suzette A. Rosen, David C. Vaughan, Jeffrey Michaels, Natalie J. Arndt, John J. Maziarz, Scott M. Friedman, Nader Moinfar, Kimberly A. Williamson, Damanda F. Fagan, Katrina L. Dawson, Paige N. Walters, Allen McKinney, Steve Carlton, Robert C. Kwun, Victoria L. Knudsen, Kirk E. Winward, Mano Swartz, James G. Howard, Michelle Riley, Gena Taylor, Michelle Holt, Jason G. Winward, Adam Walsh, Teresa Taylor, Daniel Walsh, G. Robert Hampton, Jamin S. Brown, Rajeev K. Seth, Laurie J. Sienkiewycz, Deborah A. Appleton, Cindy J. Grinnell, Charity A. Cowley, Lynn M. Kwasniewski, Michelle L. Manley, Nicole E. Robarge, Stefanie R. DeSantis, Peter B. Hay, Teresa M. DeForge, Tien P. Wong, Eric Chen, David M. Brown, Rosa Y. Kim, James C. Major, Amy C. Schefler, Richard H. Fish, Matthew S. Benz, Meredith Lipman, Amy Hutson, Nubia Landaverde, Ashley E. Chancey, Cassie Cone, Tressa Royse, Veronica A. Sneed, Belinda A. Almanza, Brenda Dives, Beau A. Richter, Eric N. Kegley, Andreas K. Lauer, Christina J. Flaxel, Steven T. Bailey, Mitchell Schain, Ann D. Lundquist, Shelley A. Hanel, Shirley D. Ira, Susan K. Nolte, Peter N. Steinkamp, Dawn M. Ryan, Scott R. Pickell, Jocelyn T. Hui, Michelle Brix, Jordan Barth, Chris S. Howell, Gregory M. Fox, Blake A. Cooper, Ivan R. Batlle, Lexie R. Manning, Karla A. Batlle, Holly Wyrick, Katherine Pippin, Samantha Perkins, Frank T. Yeager, Ryan B. Rush, Glenn R. Gardner, Christi Rush, Johnathan R. Hawkins, Brenda Dumas, Ben Ysasaga, Chirag P. Shah, Michael G. Morley, Torsten W. Wiegand, Tina S. Cleary, Trexler M. Topping, Lindsey Colegrove, Katharine Bechtel, Britta Johnson, Lisa Lebedew, Natacha Lorius, Sandy G. Chong, Jennifer L. Stone, Michael Cullen Jones, Dennis Donovan, Sherry Malone, Margie Graham, Audrey Santos, Steve A. Bennett, Kevin J. Blinder, Bradley T. Smith, Ginny S. Nobel, Rhonda F. Weeks, Erika A. Hoehn, Maria A. Stuart, Kelly E. Pepple, Lynda K. Boyd, Brook G. Pulliam, Steve A. Schremp, Stephanie L. Guevara, Jarrod Wehmeier, Timothy L. Wright, Dana L. Gabel, David G. Miller, Jerome P. Schartman, Lawrence J. Singerman, Joseph M. Coney, Michael A. Novak, Llewelyn J. Rao, Susan C. Rath, Elizabeth McNamara, Larraine Stone, Veronica A. Smith, Cecelia Rykena, Kimberly A. DuBois, Mary A. Ilc, Vivian Tanner, Kim Drury, Trina M. Nitzsche, Gregg A. Greanoff, John C. DuBois, Stuart K. Burgess, Tirso M. Lara, Noel H. Pereda, Cindy V. Fernandez, Deborah Davis, Evelyn Quinchia, Karen Workman, Jared S. Nielsen, Jeong-Hyeon Sohn, Kyle J. Alliman, David D. Saggau, Marianne Parker, Bethany George, Carrie L. Eastvold, Kristin Sells, Tami Jo Woehl, Marilyn A. Johnson, Holly Keenan, Jennifer L. Coleman, Jamie Spillman, Shannon Freeman, Leigh S. Schmidt, Lisa M. Boender, Jill L. Partin, Bailey R. Bennett, Jay Rostvold, Cameron McLure Stone, Lea R. Raymer, Andrea K. Menzel, Leslie D. Rickman, Barbara Campbell, Lorraine P. Sherlin, Lisa H. Hawkins, Melissa L. Buckner, Olesya N. Matsipura, Paula A. Price, A. Thomas Ghuman, Paul A. Raskauskas, Ashish G. Sharma, Glenn Wing, Joseph P. Walker, Eileen Knips, Cheryl Kiesel, Crystal Y. Peters, Cheryl Ryan, Laura Greenhoe, Natalie N. Torres, Rebecca J. Youngblood, Danielle Turnbo, Anita H. Leslie, Etienne C. Schoeman, Raymond K. Kiesel, Ronald M. Kingsley, Vinay A. Shah, Robert E. Leonard, Heather R. Miller, Sonny Icks, Vanessa A. Bergman, Vanessa K. Drummond, Brittany L. Ross, Reshial D. Ellis, Tina R. Whittington, Shannon R. Almeida, Amanda M. Butt, Russ Burris, Mark A. Peters, Michael S. Lee, Paul S. Tlucek, Colin Ma, Stephen Hobbs, Amanda C. Milliron, Stephanie L. Ho, Marcia Kopfer, Joe Logan, Christine Hoerner, Joseph A. Khawly, Hassan T. Rahman, Diana Abdelgani, Pam S. Miller, Debbie Fredrickson, Erica Pineda, Desiree Lopez, Donald K. Lowd, Colin Blank, Lorena R. Martinez, Jason E. Muniz, Justin Gottlieb, Michael S. Ip, Barbara A. Blodi, Kristine A. Dietzman, Kathryn F. Burke, Christopher M. Smith, Shelly R. Olson, Angela M. Wealti, Sandie L. Reed, Denise A. Krolnik, John C. Peterson, Victor Hugo Gonzalez, Roberto Diaz-Rohena, Juan G. Santiago, Rohit Adyanthaya, Nehal R. Patel, Deyla Anaya, Dina Garcia, Edna E. Cruz, Crystal A. Alvarez, Ruth Iracheta, Jessica Rodriguez, Monica R. Cantu, Rebecca R. Flores, Hector Jasso, Rachel Rodriguez, Karina Miranda, Krystle R. Lozano, Maricela Garza, Lazaro Aguero, Amanda L. Sandoval, Monique Montemayor, Samuel Alonso, Santos Garza, David Allen DiLoreto, Rajeev S. Ramchandran, David M. Kleinman, George W. O'Gara, Andrea M. Czubinski, Peter MacDowell, Kari M. Steinmetz, Dan A. Castillo, Yvonne F. Yu, Salina M. Tongue, Melissa S. Keim, Rachel Hollar, Brandi N. Deats, Brittany S. Richardson, Lynn Singer, Taylor A. Pannell, Stewart A. Daniels, Tushar M. Ranchod, Craig J. Leong, Stacey Touson, Shannon R. Earl, Melissa C. Bartlett, Christine Fernando, Djorella Factor, Jessica Garcia, Anna K. Nguyen, Betty Hom, Cathy Walker, Grace M. Marudo, Jose Carlos Suazo, Leah M. McNeil, Fred Hanamoto, Matthew D. Hughes, Robin D. Ross, Susan M. Sanford, Nicole Martini Markiewicz, Tracy M. Utley, Shannon Henderson, Joanie H. Lippincott, Patricia Streasick, Louis C. Glazer, Frank W. Garber, Jeffrey D. Zheutlin, Angela D. Listerman, Christine E. Feehan, Heather L. Cruz, Donald E. Kuitula, Olivia P. Rainey, Sue Weatherbee, Joseph M. Googe, R. Keith Shuler, Nicholas G. Anderson, Stephen L. Perkins, Kristina Oliver, Nicole Grindall, Ann Arnold, Jennifer Beerbower, Cecile Hunt, Kathy L. Schulz, Sarah M. Oelrich, Jerry K. Whetstone, Justin Walsh, Chris Morris, Robert W. Wong, Peter A. Nixon, Jeni L. Leon, Chris A. Montesclaros, Carrie E. Leung, Phill Le, Codey L. Harborth, Margaret A. Rodriguez, Cory Mangham, Thomas M. Aaberg, Scott J. Westhouse, Holly L. Vincent, Rebecca Malone, Kathy L. Karsten, Raj K. Maturi, Ashley M. Harless, Carolee K. Novak, Laura A. Bleau, Thomas Steele, Charlotte Harris, Alisha Bildner, Abby Maple, Thomas W. Stone, Rick D. Isernhagen, John W. Kitchens, Diana M. Holcomb, Jeanne Van Arsdall, Michelle Buck, Edward A. Slade, Mark T. Chiu, Ashok K. Reddy, Frank W. Wyant, Mary M. Montano-Niles, Lorraine J. Carter, Shirley Maerki, Laura Tartaglia, Paul P. Gomez, Stephen A. Maestas, Camille Shanta, Lisbrenda M. Jimenez, Robert A. Stoltz, Stephanie L. Vanderveldt, Scott I. Lampert, Leslie G. Marcus, Shelly Fulbright, James P. Martin, Roger L. Novack, David S. Liao, Tammy Eileen Lo, Janet Kurokouchi, Richard Ngo, Connie V. Hoang, Julio Sierra, Adam Zamboni, Eric G. Protacio, Jeff Kessinger, Seema Garg, Odette M. Houghton, Jan Niklas Ulrich, Sai H. Chavala, Elizabeth L. DuBose, Cassandra J. Barnhart, Megha Karmalkar, Pooja D. Jani, Justin Goble, Debra Cantrell, Rona Lyn Esquejo, Sandeep N. Shah, Natasha Harmon, Mandeep S. Dhalla, Mario R. del Cid, Lawrence S. Halperin, Jaclyn A. Brady, Monica Hamlin, Monica L. Lopez, Jamie Mariano, Candace M. Neale, Rita R. Veksler, Angelica Mannarelli, Robert E. Coffee, Petros Euthymiou Carvounis, Pejman Hemati, Cindy J. Dorenbach, Annika S. Joshi, April Leger, Dana B. Barnett, Joseph F. Morales, Sam E. Mansour, Cathy Choyce, Aissa L. Dirawatun, Emma A. Nagy, Jamie C. Kerkstra, Joseph T. Fan, Mukesh Bhogilal Suthar, Michael E. Rauser, Gisela Santiago, Liel Marvyn Cerdenio, Brandi J. Perez, Kara E. Halsey, William H. Kiernan, Jesse Knabb, Rachel Catren, Michel Shami, Brenda K. Arrington, Keri S. Neuling, Ashaki Meeks, Natalie R. Garcia, Kayla Blair, Ginger K. Rhymes, Janet Medrano, Judy E. Kim, David V. Weinberg, Kimberly E. Stepien, Thomas B. Connor, Vesper V. Williams, Tracy L. Kaczanowski, Krissa L. Packard, Judy Flanders, Vicki Barwick, Pat A. Winter, Joseph R. Beringer, Kathy J. Selchert, John T. Lehr, Elaine Rodriguez-Roman, Teri Jones, Martha Eileen Haddox, Mark Pena, Brenda Hernandez, Clement K. Chan, Maziar Lalezary, Steven G. Lin, Kimberly S. Walther, Tiana Gonzales, Lenise E. Myers, Kenneth M. Huff, Richard Chace, Sunny Kallay, Kirsten Stevens, Nicole Dolbec, Ronda Baker-Hill, Janea Surette, Steven J. Rose, Brian P. Connolly, Ernest G. Guillet, Edward F. Hall, Margaret M. Yagoda, Mary Jo Doran, Mindy Burgess, Ann Reynard, Margaret Powers, Joe Territo, Calvin E. Mein, Moises A. Chica, R. Gary Lane, Sarah Elizabeth Holy, Lita Kirschbaum, Vanessa D. Martinez, Jaynee Baker, Christa G. Kincaid, Elaine Castillo, Christopher Sean Wienecke, Sara L. Schlichting, Brenda Nakoski, Kenneth R. Diddie, Deborah M. Cadwell, Louise Van Arsdale, Taryn F. Boisvert, Joyce Galonsky, Susie O'Hayer, Melissa L. Johnson, Frank J. McCabe, Brad J. Baker, Melvyn H. Defrin, Marie V. Lampson, Heather Pratte, Selena A. Baron, Aundrea S. Borelli, Frederick H. Davidorf, Michael B. Wells, Susie Chang, John Byron Christoforidis, Alan D. Letson, Jill A. Salerno, Jerilyn G. Perry, Stephen E. Shelley, Patrick J. Fish, Michael H. Scott, James A. Dixon, Shannon R. Walsh, Philomina M. Ozpirincci, Brenda L. Tebon, Marcia J. Moyle, Michael R. Pavlica, Noelle S. Matta, Cristina M. Brubaker, Alyson B. Backer, Neelakshi Bhagat, Catherine Fay, Tatiana Mikheyeva, Michael Lazar, Janie D. Ellenberger, Beth Malpica, Alexander J. Brucker, Benjamin J. Kim, Brian L. VanderBeek, Sheri Drossner, Joan C. DuPont, Rebecca Salvo, Stephanie B. Engelhard, Jim M. Berger, Sara Morales, Beth Serpentine, Paul L. Kaufman, Jessica D. McCluskey, Kathy T. Wynne, Julian Jordan, Brandun Watson, Robert S. Wirthlin, Eric S. Guglielmo, Eileen A. Dittman, Dylan C. Waidelich, Cristofer J. Garza, Adeline M. Stone, Ashley Nicole Oakes, Ivan J. Suner, Mark E. Hammer, Marc C. Peden, Janet R. Traynom, Rochelle DenBoer, Heidi Vargo, Susan Ramsey, Anita Kim Malzahn, Debra Jeffres, Nauman A. Chaudhry, Sumit P. Shah, Gregory M. Haffner, Emiliya German, Shannan Moreau, Laura A. Fox, Jennifer M. Matteson, JoAnna L. Pelletier, Alison Fontecchio, Emily Morse, Greg McNamara, Marie Grace Laglivia, Marissa L. Scherf, Angela LaPre, Justin A. Cocilo, Arup Das, Linda Friesen, Michele Franco, Johnny Lucero, Melissa Frazier, Robert Laviolette, Umar Khalil Mian, Rebecca L. Riemer, Evelyn Koestenblatt, Louise V. Wolf, Christine Kim, Irina Katkovskaya, Erica Otoo, Kevin A. Ellerbe, Kenneth Boyd, Caroline Costa, Paul Andrew Edwards, Hua Gao, Thomas Hessburg, Uday Desai, Janet Murphy, Mary K. Monk, Julianne Hall, Melina Mazurek, Katie M. Ventimiglia, Brian A. Rusinek, Bradley A. Stern, Kris Brouhard, Katie M. Weier, Megan Allis, Jenny Shaken, Nicole M. Massu, Tracy A. Troszak, David Burley, Abdhish R. Bhavsar, Geoffrey G. Emerson, Jacob M. Jones, Tracy A. Anderson, Andrea Gilchrist, Matt D. Peloquin, Gaid Gaid, Yang Vang, Samantha Ryan, Denise Vang, Alanna C. Evans, Tonja Scherer, Howard S. Lazarus, Debra Paige Bunch, Liana C. Davis, Kelly Booth, Margaret Trimble, Mary A. Bledsaw, Jay Moore, Daniel F. Rosberger, Sandra Groeschel, Miriam A. Madry, Nikoletta DiGirolamo, Dustin Pressley, Robert Santora, Yenelda M. Gomez, Karl R. Olsen, Robert L. Bergren, P. William Conrad, Pamela P. Rath, Avni Patel Vyas, Judy C. Liu, Lori A. Merlotti, Jennifer L. Chamberlin, Holly M. Mechling, Mary E. Kelly, Kellianne Marfisi, Kimberly A. Yeckel, Veronica L. Bennett, Christina M. Schultz, Grace A. Rigoni, Julie Walter, Missy A. Forish, Amanda Fec, Courtney L. Foreman, David Steinberg, Keith D. McBroom, Melvin C. Chen, Marc H. Levy, Waldemar Torres, Peggy Jelemensky, Tara L. Raphael, Joann Rich, Mark Sneath, James L. Kinyoun, Gurunadh Atmaram Vemulakonda, Susan A. Rath, Patricia K. Ernst, Juli A. Pettingill, Ronald C. Jones, Brad C. Clifton, James D. Leslie, Sharon D. Solomon, Lisa K. Levin, Deborah Donohue, Mary Frey, Lorena Larez, Keisha Murray, Rita L. Denbow, Janis Graul, David Emmert, Charles Herring, Nick Rhoton, Joe Belz, Alice T. Lyon, Rukhsana G. Mirza, Amanda M. Krug, Carmen Ramirez, Lori Kaminski, Anna Liza M. Castro-Malek, Amber N. Mills, Zuzanna Rozenbajgier, Marriner L. Skelly, Evica Simjanoski, Andrea R. Degillio, Jennifer I. Lim, Felix Y. Chau, Marcia Niec, Tametha Johnson, Yesenia Ovando, Mark Janowicz, Catherine Carroll, Jeffrey G. Gross, Barron C. Fishburne, Amy M. Flowers, Riley Stroman, Christen Ochieng, Angelique S.A. McDowell, Ally M. Paul, Randall L. Price, John H. Drouilhet, Erica N. Lacaden, Deborah J. Nobler, Howard L. Cummings, Deanna Jo Long, Ben McCord, Jason Robinson, Jamie Swift, Julie P. Maynard, Patricia J. Pahk, Hannah Palmer-Dwore, Dipali H. Dave, Mariebelle Pacheco, Barbara A. Galati, Eneil Simpson, Andrew J. Barkmeier, Diane L. Vogen, Karin A. Berg, Shannon L. Howard, Jean M. Burrington, Jessica Ann Morgan, Joan T. Overend, Shannon Goddard, Denise M. Lewison, Jaime L. Tesmer, Craig Michael Greven, Joan Fish, Cara Everhart, Mark D. Clark, David T. Miller, George Baker Hubbard, Jiong Yan, Blaine E. Cribbs, Linda T. Curtis, Judy L. Brower, Jannah L. Dobbs, Debora J. Jordan, Baseer U. Ahmad, Suber S. Huang, Hillary M. Sedlacek, Cherie L. Hornsby, Lisa P. Ferguson, Kathy Carlton, Kelly A. Sholtis, Peggy Allchin, Claudia Clow, Mark A. Harrod, Geoffrey Pankhurst, Irit Baum-Rawraway, Stacie A. Hrvatin, Ronald C. Gentile, Alex Yang, Wanda Carrasquillo-Boyd, Robert Masini, Chander N. Samy, Robert J. Kraut, Kathy Shirley, Linsey Corso, Karen Ely, Elizabeth Scala, Stewart Gross, Vanessa Alava, Eyal Margalit, Donna G. Neely, Maria Blaiotta, Lori Hagensen, April E. Harris, Rita L. Lennon, Denice R. Cota, Larry Wilson, Lloyd P. Aiello, Roy W. Beck, Susan B. Bressler, Kakarla V. Chalam, Ronald P. Danis, Bambi J. Arnold-Bush, Frederick Ferris, Talat Almukhtar, Brian B. Dale, Alyssa Baptista, Crystal Connor, Jasmine Conner, Sharon R. Constantine, Kimberly Dowling, Simone S. Dupre, Allison R. Ayala, Meagan L. Huggins, Seidu Inusah, Paula A. Johnson, Brenda L. Loggins, Shannon L. McClellan, Michele Melia, Eureca Battle, Cynthia R. Stockdale, Danielle Stanley, Glenn Jaffe, Brannon Balsley, Michael Barbas, Russell Burns, Dee Busian, Ryan Ebersohl, Cynthia Heydary, Sasha McEwan, Justin Myers, Amanda Robertson, Kelly Shields, Garrett Thompson, Katrina Winter, Ellen Young, Matthew D. Davis, Yijun Huang, Barbara Blodi, Amitha Domalpally, James Reimers, Pamela Vargo, Hugh Wabers, Dawn Myers, Daniel Lawrence, James Allan, Andrew Antoszyk, Scott Friedman, Ingrid U. Scott, Eleanor Schron, Donald F. Everett, Päivi H. Miskala, John Connett, Gary Abrams, Deborah R. Barnbaum, Harry Flynn, Ruth S. Weinstock, Charles P. Wilkinson, Stephen Wisniewski, Saul Genuth, Robert Frank, Frederick L. Ferris, Glenn J. Jaffe, Abdhish Bhavsar, Joseph Googe, Andreas Lauer, and Ashley McClain

Subjects
Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Bevacizumab, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Visual Acuity, 030232 urology & nephrology, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gastroenterology, Macular Edema, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ranibizumab, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Stroke, Aflibercept, Diabetic Retinopathy, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Ophthalmology, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, Intravitreal Injections, Retreatment, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

PURPOSE: Assess systemic vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) levels after treatment with intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab or ranibizumab. DESIGN: Comparative-effectiveness trial with participants randomly assigned to 2-mg aflibercept, 1.25-mg bevacizumab, or 0.3-mg ranibizumab following a retreatment algorithm. PARTICIPANTS: Participants with available plasma samples (N=436) METHODS: Plasma samples were collected before injections at baseline, 4-week, 52-week and 104-week visits. In a pre-planned secondary analysis, systemic free-VEGF levels from an ELISA immunoassay were compared across anti-VEGF agents and correlated with systemic side effects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in the natural log (ln) of plasma VEGF levels. RESULTS: Baseline free-VEGF levels were similar across all 3 groups. At 4 weeks, mean ln(VEGF) changes were −0.30±0.61, −0.31±0.54, −0.02±0.44 pg/ml for the aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab groups, respectively. The adjusted differences between treatment groups (adjusted CI; P-value) were −0.01 (−0.12, +0.10; P=0.89), −0.31 (−0.44, −0.18; P

Published
2018

6. Treatment of Strabismic Amblyopia With Refractive Correction

Author

Joost Felius, Robert W Arnold, Michael X. Repka, Susan A. Cotter, B. Michele Melia, Eileen E. Birch, Sean P. Donahue, Donald F. Everett, Katherine K. Weise, David K. Wallace, Raymond T. Kraker, Carmen Barnhardt, William F. Astle, Jonathan M. Holmes, Allison R. Edwards, and Roy W. Beck

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Eye disease, Visual Acuity, Amblyopia, Article, Vision disorder, Ophthalmology, Humans, Medicine, Strabismic amblyopia, Prospective Studies, Child, Vision, Binocular, business.industry, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Strabismus, Eyeglasses, Child, Preschool, Optometry, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Purpose To report data on the response of previously untreated strabismic amblyopia to spectacle correction. Design Prospective, interventional case series. Methods Twelve patients with previously untreated strabismic amblyopia were prescribed spectacles and examined at five-week intervals until visual acuity was not improved from the prior visit. Results Amblyopic eye acuity improved by 2 lines or more from spectacle-corrected baseline acuity in nine of the 12 patients (75%), resolving in three (interocular difference ≤1 line). Mean change from baseline to maximum improvement was 2.2 ± 1.8 lines. Improvement continued for up to 25 weeks. Conclusions These results support the suggestion from a prior study that strabismic amblyopia can improve and even resolve with spectacle correction alone. Larger studies with concurrent controls are needed to confirm or refute these findings.

Published
2007

7. A randomized trial of prescribed patching regimens for treatment of severe amblyopia in children

Author

Jonathan M. Holmes, Roy W. Beck, Graham E. Quinn, David K. Wallace, Eileen E. Birch, Michael X. Repka, Donald F. Everett, Susan A. Cotter, Raymond T. Kraker, Richard W. Hertle, and Mitchell Scheiman

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Visual acuity, Randomization, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Amblyopia, law.invention, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, business.industry, Outcome measures, eye diseases, Clinical trial, Ophthalmology, Child, Preschool, Occlusion therapy, Quality of Life, Patient Compliance, Female, Sensory Deprivation, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare full-time patching (all hours or all but 1 hour per day) to 6 hours of patching per day, as prescribed treatments for severe amblyopia in children younger than 7 years. DESIGN Prospective, randomized multicenter clinical trial (32 sites). PARTICIPANTS One hundred seventy-five children younger than 7 years with amblyopia in the range of 20/100 to 20/400. INTERVENTION Randomization either to full-time patching or to 6 hours of patching per day, each combined with at least 1 hour of near-visual activities during patching. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Visual acuity in the amblyopic eye after 4 months. RESULTS Visual acuity in the amblyopic eye improved a similar amount in both groups. The improvement in the amblyopic eye acuity from baseline to 4 months averaged 4.8 lines in the 6-hour group and 4.7 lines in the full-time group (P = 0.45). CONCLUSION Six hours of prescribed daily patching produces an improvement in visual acuity that is of similar magnitude to the improvement produced by prescribed full-time patching in treating severe amblyopia in children 3 to less than 7 years of age.

Published
2003

8. Stereopsis results at 4.5 years of age in the infant aphakia treatment study

Author

E. Eugenie Hartmann, Ann U. Stout, Michael J. Lynn, Kimberly G. Yen, Stacey J. Kruger, Scott R. Lambert, Lindreth DuBois, Michael Lynn, Betsy Bridgman, Marianne Celano, Julia Cleveland, George Cotsonis, Carey Drews-Botsch, Nana Freret, Lu Lu, Seegar Swanson, Thandeka Tutu-Gxashe, Anna K. Carrigan, Clara Edwards, Claudio Busettini, Samuel Hayley, Eleanor Lewis, Alicia Kindred, Joost Felius, Edward G. Buckley, David A. Plager, M. Edward Wilson, Carolyn Drews-Botsch, Donald F. Everett, Margaret Bozic, Ann Holleschau, Buddy Russell, Michael Ward, Carol Bradham, Deborah K. Vanderveen, Theresa A. Mansfield, Kathryn Bisceglia Miller, Stephen P. Christiansen, Erick D. Bothun, Jason Jedlicka, Patricia Winters, Jacob Lang, Elias I. Traboulsi, Susan Crowe, Heather Hasley Cimino, Faruk Orge, Megin Kwiatkowski, Beth Colon, Maria Castanes, Alma Sanchez, Shirley York, Stacy Malone, Margaret Olfson, David T. Wheeler, Paula Rauch, Kimberly Beaudet, Pam Berg, Amy K. Hutchinson, Rachel Robb, Marla J. Shainberg, Sharon F. Freedman, Lois Duncan, B.W. Phillips, John T. Petrowski, David Morrison, Sandy Owings, Ron Biernacki, Christine Franklin, Daniel E. Neely, Michele Whitaker, Donna Bates, Dana Donaldson, Stacey Kruger, Charlotte Tibi, Susan Vega, David R. Weakley, David R. Stager, Clare Dias, Debra L. Sager, Todd Brantley, Robert Hardy, Eileen Birch, Ken Cheng, Richard Hertle, Craig Kollman, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, Cyd McDowell, and Allen Beck

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Contact Lenses, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Intraocular lens, Aphakia, Article, law.invention, Cataracts, Randomized controlled trial, Lens Implantation, Intraocular, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Depth Perception, business.industry, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Contact lens, Stereopsis, Child, Preschool, Multivariate Analysis, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Purpose To determine whether stereopsis of infants treated for monocular cataracts varies with the type of optical correction used. Design Randomized prospective clinical trial. Methods The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study randomized 114 patients with unilateral cataracts at age 1–7 months to either primary intraocular lens (IOL) or contact lens correction. At 4.5 years of age a masked examiner assessed stereopsis on these patients using 3 different tests: (1) Frisby; (2) Randot Preschool; and (3) Titmus Fly. Results Twenty-eight patients (25%) had a positive response to at least 1 of the stereopsis tests. There was no statistically significant difference in stereopsis between the 2 treatment groups: Frisby (contact lens, 6 [11%]; IOL, 7 [13%]; P = .99), Randot (contact lens, 3 [6%]; IOL, 1 [2%]; P = .62), or Titmus (contact lens, 8 [15%]; IOL, 13 [23%]; P = .34). The median age at surgery for patients with stereopsis was younger than for those without stereopsis (1.2 vs 2.4 months; P = .002). The median visual acuity for patients with stereopsis was better than for those without stereopsis (20/40 vs 20/252; P = .0003). Conclusion The type of optical correction did not influence stereopsis outcomes. However, 2 other factors did: age at surgery and visual acuity in the treated eye at age 4.5 years. Early surgery for unilateral congenital cataract and the presence of visual acuity better than or equal to 20/40 appear to be more important than the type of initial optical correction used for the development of stereopsis.

Published
2014

9. Myopia Stabilization and Associated Factors Among Participants in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET)

Author

Mary Jameson, Don Mutti, Angela Rawden, James A. Raley, Robert P. Rutstein, Dawn D'Antonio, Ann Park, Gabynely Solis, Mariel Torres, Wen Zhu, Thomas T. Norton, Laura Sisti, Benny Jaramillo, Mark Bernhardt, S. Henry, Melissa Madigan-Carr, Elissa Schnall, Kenneth Grice, Ying Wang, Heather Jones, Theresa Sanogo, Patricia M. Kowalski, Jennifer Nicole Smith, Robert Hardy, Donald F. Everett, Yi Ju Chen, Mohamed Hussein, Angela Santomarco, Elinor Schoenfeld, Argye Hillis, Nicholas Harris, Abby Grossman, Chris Owens, Jennifer Mcleod, Katherine Niemann, Kathleen Zinzer, Lynette Dias, Robert Owens, David Kern, Jo Ann Bailey, Phyllis Neuschwender, Melissa J. Fazzari, Jane Gwiazda, Kristine Becker, Karen D. Fern, Andy Ketcham, Sheila Martin, Rachel Harrison, Marcela Frazier, Trana Mars, Sarah Gladstone, Elise Harb, Debanjali Ghosh, Charles Sporer, Ahmed Yassin, Justin Smith, Charles Dudonis, Erik Weissberg, Connie Crossnoe, Lauretta Passanant, Laura Vasilakos, Geeta Veeraraghavan, Lydia Seib, Sally Bittinger, Catherine Baldwin, Jeff Miles, Frank Thorn, Allison Schmertz, Sandy Dang, Wendy Marsh-Tootle, Christine Fortunato, Sheila Deatherage, Alexandra Beale, Stacy Hamlett, Scott Wilkins, Jennifer Hazelwood, Timothy Lancaster, Sakeena Ahmed, Marcela Wasserman, Leanne Merill, Ruth E. Manny, Karen Pollack, Dan Ferrara, Carey M. Dillard, Joan Do, Jennifer Thomas, Daniel Kurtz, Cara Weber, Richard Stone, Lindsey Lear, M. Cristina Leske, Renee Wilkins, Leslie Hyman, Julio C Quiralte, Mitchell Scheiman, Wei Hou, Giselle Garza, Rosanna Pacella, Mamie Batres, Maria J. Rodriguez, Li Ming Dong, Joanne Bolden, Carol Taylor, Bruce Moore, Cristi Rau, Qinghua Zhang, and Theresa Elliott

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Aging, genetic structures, Adolescent, Comet, Gompertz function, Refraction, Ocular, Ophthalmology, Ethnicity, Myopia, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, business.industry, Articles, eye diseases, United States, Eyeglasses, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Female, sense organs, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To use the Gompertz function to estimate the age and the amount of myopia at stabilization and to evaluate associated factors in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET) cohort, a large ethnically diverse group of myopic children.The COMET enrolled 469 ethnically diverse children aged 6 to younger than 12 years with spherical equivalent refraction between -1.25 and -4.50 diopters (D). Noncycloplegic refraction was measured semiannually for 4 years and annually thereafter. Right eye data were fit to individual Gompertz functions in participants with at least 6 years of follow-up and at least seven refraction measurements over 11 years. Function parameters were estimated using a nonlinear least squares procedure. Associated factors were evaluated using linear regression.In total, 426 participants (91%) had valid Gompertz curve fits. The mean (SD) age at myopia stabilization was 15.61 (4.17) years, and the mean (SD) amount of myopia at stabilization was -4.87 (2.01) D. Ethnicity (P0.0001) but not sex or the number of myopic parents was associated with the age at stabilization. Ethnicity (P = 0.02) and the number of myopic parents (P = 0.01) but not sex were associated with myopia magnitude at stabilization. At stabilization, African Americans were youngest (mean age, 13.82 years) and had the least myopia (mean, -4.36 D). Participants with two versus no myopic parents had approximately 1.00 D more myopia at stabilization. The age and the amount of myopia at stabilization were correlated (r = -0.60, P0.0001).The Gompertz function provides estimates of the age and the amount of myopia at stabilization in an ethnically diverse cohort. These findings should provide guidance on the time course of myopia and on decisions regarding the type and timing of interventions.

Published
2013

10. Factors Associated with Corneal Scarring in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study

Author

Donald F. Everett, Joseph P. Shovlin, Timothy B. Edrington, Barry A. Weissman, Joseph T. Barr, Kimberly D. Siegmund, Mae O. Gordon, Karla Zadnik, Brad Wilson, and Barbara A. Fink

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Keratoconus, genetic structures, Contact Lenses, Scars, Cornea, Cicatrix, Base curve radius, Risk Factors, Ophthalmology, Odds Ratio, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Dioptre, business.industry, Incidence, Age Factors, Odds ratio, Prognosis, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Confidence interval, Contact lens, medicine.anatomical_structure, Disease Progression, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

The multicenter Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study is a prospective, observational study of 1,209 keratoconus patients. We report on the factors associated with corneal scarring at baseline.We defined corneal scarring as scars that had been detected both by the clinician examining the patient with the slit-lamp biomicroscope and by masked readers of corneal photographs at the CLEK Photography Reading Center. We investigated associations between corneal scarring and patient variables including gender, ethnicity, a family history of keratoconus, a history of ocular trauma, eye rubbing, contact lens wear, rigid contact lens fitting relationships, and corneal findings (such as curvature, Vogt's striae, Fleischer's ring, and central/apical staining). Multiple logistic regression analysis using generalized estimating equations to adjust for the correlation between eyes was used for analysis.The following factors were found to increase the odds of corneal scarring at baseline in the CLEK Study: corneal staining (odds ratios (OR) = 3.40, 95% confidence interval 2.53-4.59), contact lens wear (OR = 3.51, 95% confidence interval 2.27-5.45), Fleischer's ring (OR = 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.11-2.40), steeper first definite apical clearance lens base curve radius (per diopter, OR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.33), and age (per decade, OR = 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.35-1.75).These baseline data suggest that corneal scarring in keratoconus is associated with corneal staining, contact lens wear, Fleischer's ring, a steeper cornea, and increasing age. The factors that imply added risk for corneal scarring that may be affected by practitioner intervention are staining of the cornea, contact lens wear, and the contact lens fitting relationship.

Published
2000

11. An Investigation of the Hospital Charges Related to the Treatment of Endophthalmitis in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author

Donald F. Everett, Stephen R. Wisniewski, David L. Yarian, Kirk H Packo, Mark E. Hammer, W. Sanderson Grizzard, Bernard H. Doft, and Sheryl F. Kelsey

Subjects
Male, Pars plana, medicine.medical_specialty, Cost-Benefit Analysis, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Hospitals, Community, Vitrectomy, law.invention, Hospitals, University, Postoperative Complications, Endophthalmitis, Randomized controlled trial, Cost Savings, Recurrence, law, Humans, Medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Ancillary Study, medicine.disease, Hospital Charges, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, Ophthalmology, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Population study, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Red eye, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the hospital charges associated with the treatment of endophthalmitis using a sample of patients from the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS). Methods: The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study was a multicenter, randomized clinical trial with a two-by-two factorial design to compare immediate pars plana vitrectomy to tap—biopsy and to compare the use of systemic antibiotics (intravenous) to no intravenous antibiotics in the management of postoperative endophthalmitis. Hospital charge data were collected retrospectively from 129 patients from the 4 clinical centers participating in this ancillary study. This represents 31 % of the total Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study population. An analysis of variance was used to compare hospital charges across center and treatment. A charge-effectiveness analysis compared measures the effectiveness across treatment groups. The annual savings of hospital charges in the United States was estimated for a range of annual incidence rates of endophthalmitis. Results: The use of intravenous antibiotics significantly increased hospital charges. Patients undergoing vitrectomy had significantly higher hospital charges than did patients undergoing tap—biopsy. The most charge-effective treatment for patients presenting with light perception only vision was immediate vitrectomy, whereas the most charge-effective treatment for patients presenting with better vision was tap—biopsy. Factors other than treatment independently associated with hospital charges were female sex, history of diabetes, symptom of red eye, and baseline vision of light perception only. Conclusions: Assuming the results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study were used as a guide for the treatment of endophthalmitis, the estimated annual nationwide reduction of hospital charges would be between $7.6 million and $40.0 million.

Published
1997

12. The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study

Author

Mark W. Johnson, Bernard H. Doft, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Michael Barza, Louis A. Wilson, Charles C. Barr, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Andrew K. Vine, Barbara A. Blodi, Susan G. Elner, Laurie M. Jessup, Sharad Khanderia, Carl L. Pierson, Julie Willis, Frances McIver, Sally Stanley, Scott R. Sneed, Antonio Capone, Thomas M. Aaberg, Jennifer I. Lim, Paul Sternberg, Diana S. Coffman, Cameile N. Moore, Susanne K. Gardner, Frederick S. Nolte, Ann Fremstad, Deborah Gibbs, James Gilman, Ray Swords, H.Edith Aguilar, Travis A. Meredith, Vinod Lakhanpal, Faith D. Christian, A. Hood, Richard S. Schwalbe, Emery E. Billings, William Buie, James J. Mallonee, Mary Ann Millar, Sharon Verbeek, Peter A. Campochiaro, Carol B. Palardy, Lois Reynolds, James D. Dick, Dennis Cain, Donald J. D'Amico, Albert R. Frederick, Michael G. Morley, Richard D. Pesavento, Carmen A. Puliafito, Trexler M. Topping, Susan M. Finn, Laura A. Raymond, Ann Sullivan Baker, Barbara Paton, Claudia Evans, Jeffrey Napoli, Christine Kierman, Kathryn Makris, Tom McInnes, Wini T. Reidy, Ruth White, Richard A. Garfinkel, A.Raymond Pilkerton, Robert A. Frantz, Gill B. Abernathy, Jay G. Barbaccia, H.Russell Ensey, Carol A. Ormes, Choong H. Park, Joel Caplan, Kathryn Russell, Robert Toma, Kirk H. Packo, Serge de Bustros, Timothy P. Flood, Louis Glazer, Maggie DeAlba, Evangeline Evanich, Michael A. Montwill, Jeri J. Rothman, Gail Ruderman, Melodie Beard, William Landau, Min H. Shen, Martha Gordon, Sharon Graff, Kathy Kwiatkowski, Loreen Pappas, Douglas Bryant, Don Doherty, Frank Morini, Linda Arredondo, Bruce R. Garretson, Carlos Gerena, Maureen Hunt, Sharon M. Kinnaird, Toni Neri, Thomas A. Rice, Michael A. Novak, Pamela S. Rowe, Scott Jamieson, Deborah Newberry, Glenn R. Rech, Michael J. Dul, Livia Kinser, Krystyna Strozewski, Susan Clark-Rath, Marty DeLisio, David L. Dempsey, Donna Kukula, Anne Pinter-Smith, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Tracey Ludwig, Robert B. Chambers, Frederick H. Davidorf, Cindy S. Taylor, Karen N. Hale, William J. Buesching, Chhanda Chaudhuri, Nanci J. Cover, Gail R. Shortlidge, Michael J. Keating, Scott J. Savage, Paula Andrzejewska, Susan Cometet, Jill D. Milliron, Rob Richmond, Lori Schneider, Debra Weisenberger, Herbert L. Cantrill, Robert C. Ramsay, Amy B. Brallier, Timothy P. Johnson, Edith E. Rossing, Kathleen A. Knauth, Martha M. Monahan, Neal W. Oestreich, Kenneth F. Clark, Anita M. Glennen, David L. Yarian, Stuart N. Green, Steven R. Leff, Leo Masciulli, Margaret M. Lucido, Edward J. Ludwig, Charlotte L. Marano, Linda Peters, Kim Joho, Doris C. Volkert, Finn Andersen, Donna Coffey, Alex Schlosser, Ann Honeywell, Robert N. Mames, William T. Driebe, George A. Stern, Amye Francis, Z.Suzanne Zam, Rhonda Cooper, Darla Gaskins, Diana J. Shamis, Melinda Willingham, Kay Barker, Harry Rosa, Scott M. Friedman, Thomas W. Gardner, George W. Blankenship, Carole J. Coyle, Christopher J. Bero, Cindy Halas, Suzanne Schick, Jean Walker, Denise Cunningham, H.Michael Lambert, Pamela S. Clogston, Pamela M. Frady, S.Neal Gardner, Michael S. Osato, Louise Carr, James Shigley, Pedro F. Lopez, Lawrence P. Chong, Donald A. Frambach, Lupe CisnerosMargaret^Padilla, Edmond Ming Yee, Tamako Nakamura, A.Frances Walonker, Ronald Morales, Tracy Nichols, Maria E. Huete, Peter E. Liggett, Richard R. Ober, Beth Quillen-Thomas, Mark Williams, Steven M. Bloom, Pamela J. Greene, Greg K. Whittington, Mark E. Martin, Glen Watson, Betty Jenkins-Curry, Leigh A. Gilkey, Steven Huelsman, Dennis P. Han, Thomas C. Burton, William F. Mieler, Jose S. Pulido, Frederick H. Reeser, Janet L. Newman, Kathy A. Werner, Paul J. Pisarzewicz, Nina A. Reinerio, Mary Lee K. Walloch, Zuzana Wilmer, Jan Laabs, Ruth Picchiottino, Jim Phillips, Walter Wipplinger, Gary W. Abrams, Dale T. Jurkiewicz, Margaret L. Leet, Paul Mandel, Kim Metzger, Lori Suchla, Denise Zarling, Mark W. Balles, Edwin H. Ryan, William H. Knobloch, Sally M. Cook, Darlette G. Luke, Patricia Ferrieri, Norynne M. Schiminsky, Anne Genia, David A. Philiph, Elizabeth K. Stinson, Linda M. Wright, William C. McMichael, Sandy J. Mielke, Lisa J. Ponwith, Peter Reed Pavan, Scott E. Pautler, Marion L. Coats, Nancy M. Kirk, Sharon M. Millard, Frank C. Castellano, Charlotte R. Edwards, Angela Marquardt, Amy J. McCormack, Michael T. McCormick, Bernard Renshaw, Angela Restuccia, Monica Campbell, Nell Christopher, L.Scott Garrett, Demetrios G. Halkias, Kim Hothersall, Karen Mickler, Thomas S. Minnick, Cheryl Burr, Wyatt Saxon, Miguel A. Arcacha, Steve Carlton, Sonya K. Edison, Marc J. Mallis, Tamre L. Sayers, Thomas W. Sudds, Robert J. Tiberia, Sherry Wolabaugh, Reagan H. Bradford, David W. Parke, Thomas C. Wolf, Janie M. Shofner, Lee E. Tobey, Harold G. Jensen, Dinah Sanchez, Janie Shofner, Russell Burris, Kellie K. Drake, Kay R. Grissom, J.James Rowsey, Charles P. Wilkinson, Gary C. Brown, William E. Benson, Jay L. Federman, Alfred C. Lucier, Joseph I. Maguire, Lov K. Sarin, Eric P. Shakin, Arunan Sivalingam, William Tasman, James F. Vander, Nancy Ward, Clement A. Weisbecker, Caroline L. Agnew, Richard Lambert, Terrance Torner, Kathy Carlson, Gerrie Franchine, Michelle S. Serfass, Robert L. Bergren, Louis A. Lobes, Karl R. Olsen, Jeffrey S. Rinkoff, Donna J. Metz, Margaret N. Leonard, Lisa M. Karenchak, Regis P. Kowalski, Lynn A. Wellman, Linda A. Wilcox, Alan F. Campbell, David R. Steinberg, Gary L. Vagstad, Kimberly A. Flook, Mary M. Good, Beverly J. Keenen, Kim A. Mellinger, Raymond R. Margherio, Morton S. Cox, Patrick L. Murphy, Michael T. Trese, Jane C. Werner, George A. Williams, Patricia E. Manatrey, Janet L. Prote, Richard Lucarotti, Susan Martin, Jeff Band, Grace Bostic, Kristi Gumming, Beth Mitchell, Virginia S. Regan, Craig Bridges, Sam Cox, Gary Houston, John Johnson, Pat Streasik, Betty Wood, Mark S. Blumenkranz, Lisa Cayo, Virginia Kaye, Carmen Luz Valenzuela, Ira K. Orgel, Lon S. Poliner, Paul E. Tornambe, Sarah V. Cannon, Janet L. Nielsen, Anne Carlson, Pauline Chan, Lynne Drake, Martha Grim, Corky Peterson, Lynn A. Borg, Joann Gillyatt, Conny Beyer, Mark E. Hammer, W.Sanderson Grizzard, Theresa L. Shannon, Janet R. Traynom, Melinda J. Collado, Dennis W. McManus, Daniel E. Sweeney, Donald H. Adams, Thomas T. Watson, Michael V. Antworth, Johanna Glacy Araos, Mark A. Greenwald, Mohsen Habib, Sandra K. Myers, Karen M. Ockers, Judy-Ann Thibodeau, Brett Watkins, Philip T. Nelsen, J.Gregory Rosenthal, Fay V. Mintz, Michael Biedenbach, Nicholas J. Leonardy, Sue M. Lawniczak, Chuck Bork, George Hageage, Evelyn B. Hunter, MarLynn J. Marshall, Patricia Roman, Rick Hill, Thomas Hofbauer, Jack Lemanowicz, Howard P. Cupples, Gladys I. Guzman, Richard J. Brodeur, Donald Yee, Edward C. Delaha, Stanley L. Geyer, Stacey Slovis, William J. Shields, Susan Lauber, Karl Michelitsch, Aaron Kassoff, Sharon Watling, JoAnne C. Buehler, Jeffrey McVay, Gale K. Podobinski, Robert L. Sillett, Shirley Groer, Brian Avery, Steven H. Belle, James Boles, Linda Henry, Sarah J. Shema, Linda Titus-Emstoff, Matthew Davis, Yvonne L. Magli, Larry Hubbard, Suzanne Thomas, Donald F. Everett, Richard Mowery, Donald Everett, Kathryn Davis, Stanley Azen, Preston Covey, Brooks McCuen, Andrew Packer, and Jeffrey Robin

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Vitrectomy, Intraocular lens, Eye infection, medicine.disease, Surgery, law.invention, Clinical trial, Ophthalmology, Endophthalmitis, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Complication, business
Abstract

Purpose: The authors determine if specific features of the clinical presentation of acute postoperative endophthalmitis correlate with the microbiologic culture results. Methods: A total of 420 patients who had clinical evidence of endophthalmitis within 6 weeks after cataract surgery or secondary intraocular lens implantation were evaluated as part of a randomized clinical trial. Results of cultures performed on aqueous and vitreous specimens obtained at presentation were categorized as follows: gram-positive coagulase-negative micrococci, "other" gram-positive, gram-negative, and equivocal/no growth. Results: Eleven features of the initial clinical presentation were associated with significant differences in the microbiologic spectrum ( P Conclusions: The presenting characteristics of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery may be helpful in predicting the most likely culture results. Such predictions do not appear sufficiently strong to guide the initial empiric choice of intravitreal antibiotics.

Published
1997

13. Patching regimens: author reply

Author

Eileen E. Birch, Jonathan M. Holmes, Mitchell Scheiman, Graham E. Quinn, Roy W. Beck, David K. Wallace, Raymond T. Kraker, Susan A. Cotter, Donald F. Everett, Michael X. Repka, and Richard W. Hertle

Subjects
Ophthalmology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2004

14. Evaluation of Grid Pattern Photocoagulation for Macular Edema in Central Vein Occlusion

Author

John G. Clarkson, Elaine Chuang, Donald Gass, Maria Pedroso, Tony Cubillas, Erlinda S. Duria, Ditte J. Hess, Isabel Rams, Marguerite Ball, Alex Gutierrez, Nayla Muniz, June Thompson, Michele Pall, Charles J. Pappas, Daniel Finkelstein, Arnall Patz, Dolores Rytel, Judy Belt, Dennis Cain, Terri Cain, David Emmert, Terry George, Mark Herring, Pete Sotirakos, David H. Orth, Timothy P. Flood, Kirk H. Packo, Toni Larsen, Nancy Perez, Doug Bryant, Don Doherty, Jay Fitzgerald, Martha Gordon, Cynthia Holod, Kathy Kwiatkowski, Celeste MacLeod, Chris Morrison, Charlotte Westcott, Michael L. Klein, David Wilson, Richard G. Weleber, Susan Nolte, Nancy Hurlburt, Mark Evans, Patrick Wallace, Peter Steinkamp, Debora Funkner, Cathy Gordon, Clement Trempe, Alex Jalkh, John Weiter, Sherry Anderson, Dennis Donovan, Tom O'Day, Gerald Friedman, Rodney Immerman, Gabriel Coscas, Gisele Soubrane, Rose Marie Haran, Christophe Debibie, Jean Gizelsky, Ingolf H.L. Wallow, Guillermo de Venecia, George Bresnick, Sandra Larson, Sandy Fuller, Bob Harrison, Gene Knutson, Michael Neider, Greg Weber, Ruth Bahr, Bonnie Grosnick, Robert Lazorik, Helen Lyngaas, Diane Quackenboss, Guy Somers, Froncie A. Gutman, Sanford Myers, Tina Kiss, Deborah Ross, Pamela Vargo, Janet Edgarton, Sue Hanson, Janet Nader, Nancy Tomsak, Lawrence J. Singerman, Hernando Zegarra, Susan Lichterman, Adrienne Fowler Kramer, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Pam Brown Rowe, Geraldine Daley, Anne Pinter, Kathy Coreno, Lori Cooper, Marty Delisio, Donna Cross, Wendy Lord, Argye Hillis, Mark W. Riggs, Cheryl KasbergPreece, M. Hasan Rajab, Krista Carlson Giniewicz, Kevin Gilmore, Carol Zimmerman, Mary Lou Lewis, Maria Cristina Wells, Julie Lord Forbes, Kathleen C. Fetzer, Heather McNish, George H. Bresnick, Lissa McNulty, Jim Baliker, Linda Alanen, Laura Gentry, Richard L. Mowery, Donald F. Everett, Robert J. Hardy, Gary Abrams, Robert N. Frank, Maureen G. Maguire, and Abner V. McCall

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Population, Physical examination, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Vein occlusion, Surgery, Clinical trial, Ophthalmology, Grid pattern, Central retinal vein occlusion, medicine, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, education, Macular edema
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of macular grid photocoagulation in preserving or improving central visual acuity in eyes with macular edema due to central vein occlusion (CVO) and best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50 or poorer. Methods: Patients with angiographically documented macular edema due to CVO were entered into a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial supported by the National Eye Institute. Eligibility was determined based on both clinical examination findings and photographic documentation evaluated at a photograph reading center. Eyes were assigned randomly to macular grid photocoagulation (77 eyes) or no treatment (78 eyes). Patients were followed every 4 months for 3 years or until the end of the study. The outcome measure was visual acuity. Results: The study population consisted of 155 eyes in 155 patients. There was no difference between treated and untreated eyes in visual acuity at any point during the follow-up period. Initial median visual acuity was 20/160 in treated eyes and 20/ 125 in control eyes. Final median visual acuity was 20/200 in treated eyes and 20/160 in control eyes. However, treatment clearly reduced angiographic evidence of macular edema. Conclusion: The results of this study do not support a recommendation for macular grid photocoagulation for the population meeting the Central Vein Occlusion Study macular edema group eligibility criteria.

Published
1995

15. The infant aphakia treatment study: design and clinical measures at enrollment

Author

Lois Duncan, Marianne Celano, Theresa A. Mansfield, Michael J. Lynn, Ann U. Stout, E. Eugenie Hartmann, Rachel Reeves, Daniel E. Neely, Lindreth DuBois, Donna Bates, Heather Hasley Cimino, Elias I. Traboulsi, Julia Cleveland, Alma Sanchez, Betsy Bridgman, Paula Rauch, Susan Vega, Debra L. Sager, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, George Cotsonis, Scott R. Lambert, Thandeka Tutu-Gxashe, Joost Felius, Dana Donaldson, Deborah K. VanderVeen, Edward G. Buckley, Shirley York, M. Edward Wilson, Ann M. Holleschau, David T. Wheeler, Marla J. Shainberg, Maria Castanes, Sharon F. Freedman, Amy K. Hutchinson, Claudio Busettini, Carolyn Drews-Botsch, Clare Dias, Margaret Bozic, Kimberly Beaudet, Patricia Winters, Craig Kollman, Sandy Owings, David R. Weakley, Nana Freret, Todd Brantley, Robert J. Hardy, B.W. Phillips, Lu Lu, Kimberly G. Yen, Michael A. Ward, Buddy Russell, Clara Edwards, Donald F. Everett, Charlotte Tibi, Erick D. Bothun, Jason Jedlicka, Stacey J. Kruger, David R. Stager, Richard W. Hertle, Kenneth P. Cheng, Cindy Bachman, Susan Crowe, David A. Plager, Pam Berg, Eileen E. Birch, Michele Whitaker, Ron Biernacki, Kathryn Bisceglia Miller, Stephen P. Christiansen, Seegar Swanson, John T. Petrowski, David G. Morrison, Allen D. Beck, Christine Franklin, and Samuel Hayley

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Refractive error, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Eye Movements, Pseudophakia, Contact Lenses, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Aphakia, Postcataract, Cataract Extraction, Aphakia, Cataract, Article, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Cataracts, Lens Implantation, Intraocular, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, business.industry, Infant, Cataract surgery, medicine.disease, Refractive Errors, eye diseases, Surgery, Contact lens, Eyeglasses, Treatment Outcome, Research Design, Congenital cataracts, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Objective To compare the use of contact lenses and intraocular lenses (IOLs) for the optical correction of unilateral aphakia during infancy. Methods In a randomized, multicenter (12 sites) clinical trial, 114 infants with unilateral congenital cataracts were assigned to undergo cataract surgery with or without IOL implantation. Children randomized to IOL treatment had their residual refractive error corrected with spectacles. Children randomized to no IOL treatment had their aphakia treated with a contact lens. Main outcome measures Grating acuity at 12 months of age and HOTV visual acuity at 4 1/2 years of age. Application to clinical practice This study should determine whether either treatment for an infant with a visually significant unilateral congenital cataract results in a better visual outcome. Results Enrollment began December 23, 2004, and was completed January 16, 2009. The median age at the time of cataract surgery was 1.8 months. Fifty patients were 4 to 6 weeks of age at the time of enrollment; 32, 7 weeks to 3 months of age; and the remaining 32, more than 3 to less than 7 months of age. Fifty-seven children were randomized to each treatment group. Eyes with cataracts had shorter axial lengths and steeper corneas on average than the fellow eyes. Conclusions The optimal optical treatment of aphakia in infants is unknown. However, the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study was designed to provide empirical evidence of whether optical treatment with an IOL or a contact lens after unilateral cataract surgery during infancy is associated with a better visual outcome.

Published
2010

16. Accommodative lag by autorefraction and two dynamic retinoscopy methods

Author

Susan A. Cotter, Erik Weissberg, Michael X. Repka, Marjean Taylor Kulp, Don W. Lyon, Noelle S. Matta, Thomas T. Norton, Donald F. Everett, Wendy Marsh-Tootle, David I. Silbert, Melia Bm, M. Scheiman, Jonathan M. Holmes, Leslie Hyman, Ruth E. Manny, Danielle L. Chandler, and Jane Gwiazda

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Monocular estimate method, Refraction, Ocular, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Cohort Studies, Ophthalmology, medicine, Myopia, Humans, Child, Retinoscopy, Dioptre, Receiver operating characteristic, medicine.diagnostic_test, Extramural, business.industry, Accommodation, Ocular, ROC Curve, Autorefractor, Optometry, Female, Accommodative lag, business, Dynamic retinoscopy
Abstract

To evaluate two clinical procedures, Monocular Estimate Method (MEM) and Nott retinoscopy, for detecting accommodative lags 1.00 diopter (D) or greater in children as identified by an open-field autorefractor.One hundred sixty-eight children 8 to12 years old with low myopia, normal visual acuity, and no strabismus participated as part of an ancillary study within the screening process for a randomized trial. Accommodative response to a 3.00 D demand was first assessed by MEM and Nott retinoscopy, viewing binocularly with spherocylindrical refractive error corrected, with testing order randomized and each performed by a different masked examiner. The response was then determined viewing monocularly with spherical equivalent refractive error corrected, using an open-field autorefractor, which was the gold standard used for eligibility for the clinical trial. Sensitivity and specificity for accommodative lags of 1.00 D or more were calculated for each retinoscopy method compared to the autorefractor.One hundred sixteen (69%) of the 168 children had accommodative lag of 1.00 D or more by autorefraction. MEM identified 66 children identified by autorefraction for a sensitivity of 57% (95% CI = 47 to 66%) and a specificity of 63% (95% CI = 49 to 76%). Nott retinoscopy identified 35 children for a sensitivity of 30% (95% CI = 22 to 39%) and a specificity of 81% (95% CI = 67 to 90%). Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves constructed for MEM and for Nott retinoscopy failed to reveal alternate cut points that would improve the combination of sensitivity and specificity for identifying accommodative lagor =1.00 D as defined by autorefraction.Neither MEM nor Nott retinoscopy provided adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify myopic children with accommodative lagor =1.00 D as determined by autorefraction. A variety of methodological differences between the techniques may contribute to the modest to poor agreement.

Published
2009

17. The early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study: Structural findings at age 2 years

Author

Edward O'Malley, Scott M. Steidl, George Williams, Brian W. Arthur, Donald Tingley, James D. Reynolds, Richard A. Polin, Bradley V. Davitt, Robert Bergren, Michael X. Repka, John Roarty, Marc Horowitz, Reagan H. Bradford, William V. Good, Joseph Garcia-Prats, Albert M. Maguire, Robert A. Gordon, Sharon F. Freedman, Dottie Inguillo, Susan Bracken, Deborah Alcorn, Kelly A. Hutcheson, Peggy Fishman, Maryann Redford, David Durand, James G. Diamond, O'ine McCabe, Patricia N. Hartsell, James C. MacDonald, Ann M. Holleschau, Sarah K. Jones, Sharon Klamfoth, Linda Stevens, Michael F. Chiang, Cheryl Harris, Donald F. Everett, Y. Trigo, Michael Teske, Earl A. Palmer, Michele L. Parker, Judith Jones, Osode Coki, Soraya Abbasi, Mark W. Preslan, Velma Dobson, Carol R. Taylor, Karl Olsen, Thomas C. Lee, W. A.J. Van Heuven, Sarah MacKinnon, John Connett, Edward F. Donovan, Yesenia Garcia, Terri Mansfield, Charles C. Barr, Kristine Ziemann, David K. Wallace, Maria Castanes, Richard McClead, Steven A. Kane, Robert Peterson, Monte D. Mills, Jonathan M. Holmes, Matthew D. Gearinger, Nancy Dolphin, Rhiannon Johnson, Linda Breuer, Leon Paul Noel, Stephen P. Christiansen, John Baker, Greg Mantych, Mariette Tyedmers, Pat Manatrey, Derek T. Sprunger, Paul Bernstein, Lisa Ogilbee, Mary Anne McCaffree, Ann U. Stout, Elizabeth A. Hynes, Natalie Dweck, Jane Phillips, Gordon Smith, Sally Cook, Graham E. Quinn, Steven Awner, Jerald King, Judith Gancasz, Evelyn A. Paysee, William Keenan, Michelle Quintos, Terri L. Young, Mary Louise Z. Collins, Bernard H. Doft, Betty Tung, Cherylene Behrendt, David A. Plager, Laura B. Enyedi, R. Michael Siatkowski, Joseph M. Miller, Jane C. Edmond, Paul J. Rychwalski, Naval Sondhi, James T. Handa, M. Millicent Peterseim, David G. Hunter, Kenneth P. Cheng, Louis Lobes, Richard P. Golden, Krist Cumming, William L. Gill, George P. Albert, Robert S. Hoffman, Eric Jones, C. Gail Summers, Daniel Neely, Douglas B. Babel, Edmund LaGamma, Kevin Powdrill, David T. Wheeler, R J Hardy, M. Bethany Ball, Donna Ornitz, Jamie G. Koh, Brian J. Forbes, Jeffrey N. Bloom, Deborah S. Neff, Marilyn T. Miller, Leandro Cordero, Don L. Bremer, David Epley, John T. Flynn, Jennifer Shepard, Dale L. Phelps, Susan W. Aucott, Robert E. Leonard, Mary Lou McGregor, Cybil Bean Cassady, Maureen M. Gilmore, Pamela Ann Weber, Antonio Capone, Richard Koty, Argye Hillis, Cynthia H. Cole, Brenda L. MacKinnon, Lawrence M. Kaufman, Brian Nichols, Oscar A. Cruz, Claudia Pedroza, Greg K. Whittington, Gary L. Rogers, David K. Coats, Lori Hutchins Parkman, Ashima Madan, Richard L. Mowery, Richard A. Saunders, Kimberly G. Yen, Beverly Brozanski, Dilip Purohit, Cassandra Horihan, Rajesh Rao, Gregg T. Lueder, Rae R. Fellows, Terri Slagle, Rita Ryan, Michael J. Shapiro, Michael T. Trese, James A. Lemons, Gary David Markowitz, Walter Merriam, Edward Wilson, Gordon Tsai, Maria Genio, Wico W. Lai, Deborah K. VanderVeen, Pamela Donahue, Anthony Fraioli, Richard W. Hertle, Stephanie Davidson, and Michael W. Gaynon

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Side effect, genetic structures, Retinopathy Of Prematurity - Pathology - Surgery - Therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Posterior pole, Cryotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ophthalmology, Retina - Pathology - Surgery, medicine, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Retina, business.industry, Clinical Science - Extended Report, Infant, Newborn, Retinal detachment, Retinopathy of prematurity, Retinal, medicine.disease, Sensory Systems, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, Child, Preschool, sense organs, Laser Therapy, business, Infant, Premature, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Objective: To determine whether earlier treatment of high-risk, prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) improves retinal structural outcome at 2 years of age. Methods: Infants with bilateral high-risk prethreshold ROP had one eye randomly assigned to treatment with peripheral retinal ablation. The fellow eye was managed conventionally, and either treated at threshold ROP or observed if threshold was never reached. In patients with asymmetrical disease, the high-risk, prethreshold eye was randomised to earlier treatment or to conventional management. At 2 years of age, children were examined comprehensively by certified ophthalmologists to determine structural outcomes for their eyes. For the purposes of this study, an unfavourable structural outcome was defined as (1) a posterior retinal fold involving the macula, (2) a retinal detachment involving the macula or (3) retrolental tissue or "mass" obscuring the view of the posterior pole. Results of the 2-year examination were compared with those from the 9 months examination. Results: Data were available on 339 of 374 (90.6%) surviving children. Unfavourable structural outcomes were reduced from 15.4% in conventionally managed eyes to 9.1% in earlier-treated eyes (p = 0.002) at 2 years of age. Ophthalmic side effects (excluding retinal structure) from the ROP or its treatment were similar in the earlier-treated eyes and the conventionally managed eyes. Conclusion: The benefit of earlier treatment of high-risk prethreshold ROP on retinal structure endures to 2 years of age, and is not counterbalanced by any known side effect caused by earlier intervention. Earlier treatment improves the chance for long-term favourable retinal structural outcome in eyes with high-risk prethreshold ROP. Long-term follow-up is planned to determine structural and functional outcomes at 6 years of age., link_to_OA_fulltext

Published
2006

18. Complications in the First 5 Years Following Cataract Surgery in Infants With and Without Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Author

David A. Plager, Michael J. Lynn, Edward G. Buckley, M. Edward Wilson, Scott R. Lambert, Lindreth DuBois, Michael Lynn, Carolyn Drews-Botsch, E. Eugenie Hartmann, Donald F. Everett, Buddy Russell, Michael Ward, Robert Hardy, Eileen Birch, Ken Cheng, Richard Hertle, Craig Kollman, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, Cyd McDowell, Betsy Bridgman, Marianne Celano, Julia Cleveland, George Cotsonis, Carey Drews-Botsch, Nana Freret, Lu Lu, Seegar Swanson, Thandeka Tutu-Gxashe, Claudio Busettini, Samuel Hayley, Joost Felius, Allen Beck, Anna K. Carrigan, Clara Edwards, Margaret Bozic, Deborah K. Vanderveen, Theresa A. Mansfield, Kathryn Bisceglia Miller, Stephen P. Christiansen, Erick D. Bothun, Ann Holleschau, Jason Jedlicka, Patricia Winters, Jacob Lang, Elias I. Traboulsi, Susan Crowe, Heather Hasley Cimino, Kimberly G. Yen, Maria Castanes, Alma Sanchez, Shirley York, Amy K. Hutchinson, Lindreth Dubois, Rachel Robb, Marla J. Shainberg, David T. Wheeler, Ann U. Stout, Paula Rauch, Kimberly Beaudet, Pam Berg, Sharon F. Freedman, Lois Duncan, B.W. Phillips, John T. Petrowski, David Morrison, Sandy Owings, Ron Biernacki, Christine Franklin, Daniel E. Neely, Michele Whitaker, Donna Bates, Dana Donaldson, Stacey Kruger, Charlotte Tibi, Susan Vega, David R. Weakley, David R. Stager, Clare Dias, Debra L. Sager, Todd Brantley, and Faruk Orge

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Intraocular lens, Cataract surgery, medicine.disease, Aphakia, Article, eye diseases, law.invention, Surgery, Contact lens, Ophthalmology, Randomized controlled trial, law, Anesthesia, Medicine, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Prospective cohort study, Adverse effect
Abstract

Purpose To compare rates and severity of complications between infants undergoing cataract surgery with and without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Design Prospective randomized clinical trial. Methods A total of 114 infants were enrolled in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study, a randomized, multi-center (12) clinical trial comparing the treatment of unilateral aphakia in patients under 7 months of age with a primary IOL implant or contact lens. The rate, character, and severity of intraoperative complications, adverse events, and additional intraocular surgeries during the first 5 postoperative years in the 2 groups were examined. Results There were more patients with intraoperative complications (28% vs 11%, P = .031), adverse events (81% vs 56%, P = .008), and more additional intraocular surgeries (72% vs 16%, P Conclusion The increased rate of complications, adverse events, and additional intraocular surgeries associated with IOL implantation in infants

Published
2014

19. Treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in children with refractive correction

Author

Susan A, Cotter, Allison R, Edwards, David K, Wallace, Roy W, Beck, Robert W, Arnold, William F, Astle, Carmen N, Barnhardt, Eileen E, Birch, Sean P, Donahue, Donald F, Everett, Joost, Felius, Jonathan M, Holmes, Raymond T, Kraker, Michele, Melia, Michael X, Repka, Nicholas A, Sala, David I, Silbert, and Katherine K, Weise

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, Time Factors, genetic structures, Optical correction, Treatment outcome, Visual Acuity, Amblyopia, Article, law.invention, Anisometropia, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Child, business.industry, Outcome measures, Follow up studies, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Eyeglasses, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Optometry, Female, medicine.symptom, Sensory Deprivation, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To evaluate the effectiveness of refractive correction alone for the treatment of untreated anisometropic amblyopia in children 3 to7 years old.Prospective, multicenter, noncomparative intervention.Eighty-four children 3 to7 years old with untreated anisometropic amblyopia ranging from 20/40 to 20/250.Optimal refractive correction was provided, and visual acuity (VA) was measured with the new spectacle correction at baseline and at 5-week intervals until VA stabilized or amblyopia resolved.Maximum improvement in best-corrected VA in the amblyopic eye and proportion of children whose amblyopia resolved (interocular difference ofor =1 line) with refractive correction alone.Amblyopia improved with optical correction byor =2 lines in 77% of the patients and resolved in 27%. Improvement took up to 30 weeks for stabilization criteria to be met. After stabilization, additional improvement occurred with spectacles alone in 21 of 34 patients observed in a control group of a subsequent randomized trial, with amblyopia resolving in 6. Treatment outcome was not related to age, but was related to better baseline VA and lesser amounts of anisometropia.Refractive correction alone improves VA in many cases and results in resolution of amblyopia in at least one third of 3- to7-year-old children with untreated anisometropic amblyopia. Although most cases of resolution occur with moderate (20/40-20/100) amblyopia, the average 3-line improvement in VA resulting from treatment with spectacles may lessen the burden of subsequent amblyopia therapy for those with denser levels of amblyopia.

Published
2005

20. Relationship of age, sex, and ethnicity with myopia progression and axial elongation in the correction of myopia evaluation trial

Author

Ying Wang, Thomas T. Norton, Wendy Marsh-Tootle, Leslie Hyman, Jane Gwiazda, Donald F. Everett, and Mohamed Hussein

Subjects
Male, Refractive error, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Eye disease, Ethnic group, Eye, Refraction, Ocular, law.invention, Vision disorder, Sex Factors, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, Ethnicity, Myopia, Medicine, Humans, Body Weights and Measures, Child, Dioptre, business.industry, Age Factors, medicine.disease, Axial elongation, Ophthalmology, Eyeglasses, Disease Progression, Optometry, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Single vision lenses
Abstract

Objective To identify the baseline factors independently related to 3-year myopia progression and axial elongation in COMET. Methods A total of 469 children were enrolled, randomly assigned to progressive addition lenses with a + 2.00 diopter (D) addition or to single vision lenses and observed for 3 years. Eligible children were 6 to 11 years old, with spherical equivalent myopia of − 1.25 to − 4.50 D, bilaterally. The primary and secondary outcomes, myopia progression by cycloplegic autorefraction and axial elongation by A-scan ultrasonography, were measured annually. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for covariates, including treatment. Results Younger baseline age (6-7 vs 11 years, 8 vs 11 years, and 9 vs 11 years, P P = .04), female sex ( P = .01), and each ethnic group compared with African Americans (Asian, P = .02; Hispanic, P = .002; mixed, P = .002; white, P = .001) were independently associated with faster 3-year progression. Children aged 6 to 7 years had the fastest progression of all age groups, progressing by a mean (± SD) of 1.31 D ± 0.13 more than children aged 11 years. Females progressed 0.16 D more than the males. Children of mixed, Hispanic, Asian, and white ethnicity progressed more than African American children by 0.49 D ± 0.16, 0.33 D ± 0.11, 0.32 D ± 0.13, 0.27 D ± 0.08, respectively. Age and ethnicity, but not sex, were independently associated with axial elongation. Among these myopic children, a 0.5 mm increase in axial length was associated with 1 D of myopia progression. Conclusions Younger baseline age was the strongest factor independently associated with faster myopic progression and greater axial elongation at 3 years. African American children had less myopic progression and axial elongation than the other ethnic groups.

Published
2005

21. Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children

Author

Sean P. Donahue, Graham E. Quinn, Donald F. Everett, Jonathan M. Holmes, Susan A. Cotter, Raymond T. Kraker, Eileen E. Birch, Michael X. Repka, David K. Wallace, Richard W. Hertle, Roy W. Beck, David R. Weakley, and Mitchell Scheiman

Subjects
Atropine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Mydriatics, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Amblyopia, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ophthalmology, Atropine sulfate, Medicine, Humans, Clinical care, Child, Vision, Binocular, business.industry, Outcome measures, eye diseases, Confidence interval, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Female, medicine.symptom, Ophthalmic Solutions, Sensory Deprivation, business, medicine.drug, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Objective To compare patching and atropine sulfate as treatments for moderate amblyopia in children 18 months after completion of a 6-month randomized trial. Methods In a randomized, multicenter (47 sites) clinical trial, 419 children younger than 7 years with amblyopia (20/40 to 20/100 in the affected eye) were assigned to receive either patching or atropine eye drops for 6 months. Between 6 months and 2 years, treatment was at the discretion of the investigator. Main Outcome Measure Visual acuity in the amblyopic eye and sound eye after 2 years. Results At 2 years, visual acuity in the amblyopic eye improved from baseline a mean of 3.7 lines in the patching group and 3.6 lines in the atropine group. The difference in visual acuity between treatment groups was small: 0.01 logMAR (95% confidence interval, -0.02 to 0.04). In both treatment groups, the mean amblyopic eye acuity was approximately 20/32, 1.8 lines worse than the mean sound eye acuity, which was approximately 20/20. Conclusions Atropine or patching for 6 months followed by best clinical care until 2 years produced similar improvement of moderate amblyopia in children between 3 and 7 years of age at enrollment. However, on average the amblyopic eye acuity was still approximately 2 lines worse than the sound eye.

Published
2005

22. Risk of amblyopia recurrence after cessation of treatment

Author

Jonathan M, Holmes, Roy W, Beck, Raymond T, Kraker, William F, Astle, Eileen E, Birch, Stephen R, Cole, Susan A, Cotter, Sean, Donahue, Donald F, Everett, Richard W, Hertle, Ronald V, Keech, Evelyn, Paysse, Graham F, Quinn, Michael X, Repka, and Mitchell M, Scheiman

Subjects
Atropine, Male, Mydriatics, Visual Acuity, Amblyopia, Withholding Treatment, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Sensory Deprivation, Child, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Although amblyopia can be successfully treated with patching or atropine, there have been few prospective studies of amblyopia recurrence once treatment is discontinued.We enrolled 156 children with successfully treated anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia (145 completed follow-up), who were younger than 8 years of age and who received continuous amblyopia treatment for the previous 3 months (prescribed at least 2 hours of daily patching or prescribed at least one drop of atropine per week) and who had improved at least 3 logMAR levels during the period of continuous treatment. Patients were followed off treatment for 52 weeks to assess recurrence of amblyopia, defined as a 2 or more logMAR level reduction of visual acuity from enrollment, confirmed by a second examination. Recurrence was also considered to have occurred if treatment was restarted because of a nonreplicated 2 or more logMAR level reduction of visual acuity.Recurrence occurred in 35 (24%) of 145 cases (95% confidence interval 17% to 32%) and was similar in patients who stopped patching (25%) and in patients who stopped atropine (21%). In patients treated with moderately intense patching (6 to 8 hours per day), recurrence was more common (11 of 26; 42%) when treatment was not reduced prior to cessation than when treatment was reduced to 2 hours per day prior to cessation (3 of 22; 14%, odds ratio 4.4, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 18.7).Approximately one fourth of successfully treated amblyopic children experience a recurrence within the first year off treatment. For patients treated with 6 or more hours of daily patching, our data suggest that the risk of recurrence is greater when patching is stopped abruptly rather than when it is reduced to 2 hours per day prior to cessation. A randomized clinical trial of no weaning versus weaning in successfully-treated amblyopia is warranted to confirm these observational findings.

Published
2004

23. Accommodation and related risk factors associated with myopia progression and their interaction with treatment in COMET children

Author

Ruth E. Manny, Leslie Hyman, Thomas T. Norton, Jane Gwiazda, Ying Wang, Donald F. Everett, Mohamed Hussein, and Wendy Marsh-Tootle

Subjects
Male, Refractive error, Work, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Refraction, Ocular, Vision disorder, Risk Factors, Statistical significance, Esophoria, medicine, Myopia, Humans, Cover test, Strabismus, Child, business.industry, Accommodation, Ocular, Cycloplegia, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Eyeglasses, Reading, Autorefractor, Disease Progression, Optometry, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

PURPOSE To examine baseline measurements of accommodative lag, phoria, reading distance, amount of near work, and level of myopia as risk factors for progression of myopia and their interaction with treatment over 3 years, in children enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET). METHODS COMET enrolled 469 ethnically diverse children (ages, 6-11 years) with myopia between -1.25 and -4.50 D. They were randomly assigned to either progressive addition lenses (PALs) with a +2.00 addition (n = 235) or single vision lenses (SVLs; n = 234), the conventional spectacle treatment, and were observed for 3 years. The primary outcome measure was progression of myopia by autorefraction after cycloplegia with 2 drops of 1% tropicamide. Other measurements included accommodative response (by an open field of view autorefractor), phoria (by cover test), reading distance, and hours of near work. Independent and interaction analyses were based on the mean of the two eyes. Results were adjusted for important covariates with multiple linear regression. RESULTS Children with larger accommodative lags (>0.43 D for a 33 cm target) wearing SVLs had the most progression at 3 years. PALs were effective in slowing progression in these children, with statistically significant 3-year treatment effects (mean +/- SE) for those with larger lags in combination with near esophoria (PAL - SVL progression = -1.08 D - [-1.72 D] = 0.64 +/- 0.21 D), shorter reading distances (0.44 +/- 0.20 D), or lower baseline myopia (0.48 +/- 0.15 D). The 3-year treatment effect for larger lags in combination with more hours of near work was 0.42 +/- 0.26 D, which did not reach statistical significance. Statistically significant treatment effects were observed in these four groups at 1 year and became larger from 1 to 3 years. CONCLUSIONS The results support the COMET rationale (i.e., a role for retinal defocus in myopia progression). In clinical practice in the United States children with large lags of accommodation and near esophoria often are prescribed PALs or bifocals to improve visual performance. Results of this study suggest that such children, if myopic, may have an additional benefit of slowed progression of myopia.

Published
2004

24. An overview of body weight of older persons, including the impact on mortality. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I--Epidemiologic Follow-up Study

Author

Donald F. Everett, Joan Cornoni-Huntley, Marc S. Micozzi, Jacob J. Feldman, Toni P. Miles, Tamara B. Harris, and Demetrius Albanes

Subjects
Male, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Epidemiology, Population, Black People, White People, Body Mass Index, Sex Factors, Classification of obesity, Risk Factors, Weight Loss, Risk of mortality, Medicine, Humans, Mortality, education, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Body Weight, Smoking, Absolute risk reduction, Reference Standards, Health Surveys, Middle age, Body Height, United States, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, business, Epidemiologic Methods, Body mass index, Demography, Cohort study, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The authors studied distributions of body weight for height, change in body weight with age, and the relationship between body mass index and mortality among participants in the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHEFS) (n = 14,407), a cohort study based on an representative sample of the U.S. population. Percentiles of body weight for height according to age and sex are presented. Crosssectional analyses of body weight suggest that mean body weight increases with age until late middle age, then plateaus and decreases for older aged persons. However, longitudinal analysis of change in weight with age shows that younger persons in the lower quintile at baseline tend to gain more than those in the higher quintile. Older persons in the higher quintile at baseline have the greatest average loss in weight. The relationship of body mass index to mortality is a U-shaped curve, with increased risks in the lowest and highest 15% of the distribution. Increased risk of mortality associated with the highest 15th percentile of the body mass index distribution, as well as the highest 15% of the joint distribution of body mass index and skinfold thickness, is statistically significant for white women. However, the risk diminishes when adjusted for the presence of disease and factors related to disease. More noteworthy is the fact that there is a statistically significant excess risk of mortality for both race and sex groups in the lowest 15% of the body mass index distribution after adjusting for smoking history, and presence of disease. Those in the lowest 15% of the joint body mass index and skinfold thickness distribution, were also at increased risk. Risk of mortality for both men and women who have lost 10% or more of their maximum lifetime weight within the last 10 years is statistically significant, even when controlling for current weight. This study has replicated previously reported relationships, while correcting for several methodological issues.

Published
1991

25. Asymmetries and Visual Field Summaries as Predictors of Glaucoma in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study

Author

Mary B. Hall, John M. Ramocki, Jody R. Piltz-Seymour, Donald F. Everett, Lea Morton, Robert A. Copeland, Stacey S. Goldstein, Michele C. Lim, Harry A. Quigley, Silvia Orengo-Nania, Bernard Becker, Heather Johnson, Richard K. Parrish, Manju Sharma, Teresa A. Long, Karen Clark, David S. Friedman, Cheryl L. Vitelli, Ditte J. Hess, Annisa L. Jamil, Michael A. Kass, Fermin P. Ballesteros, Lisa Levin, Fortunata Darmody, Carol J. Pollack-Rundle, Hina N. Ahmed, Celso Tello, Shan C. Lin, Maria Cristina Wells-Albornoz, Robb R. Shrader, Laura L. Schulz, Betsy Hornbeck, Ellen Long, Donald J. Zack, Jo Anne Katz, Nina C. Mondoc, Kathleen A. Lamping, Robert J. Derick, Julia A. Beiser, Felicia Keel, Kathryn R. Sherman, Allan J. Flach, John Connett, Alan L. Robin, Ronald L. Gross, Jeffrey M. Liebmann, Joern B. Soltau, Sandy Lear, Terry J. Bergstrom, Ramzi Hemady, Denise M. Owensby, William M. Bourne, Janice T. Petner, Arthur L. Schwartz, Shannan E. Bandermann, Ruth Vandenbroucke, Michelle A. Tehranisa, James D. Brandt, Linda M. Zangwill, Douglas R. Anderson, Valerie Margol, Charles J. Patorgis, Robert Ritch, Ingrid J. Clark, Allan E. Kolker, Osaro A. Okuonghae, John M. O'Grady, Joyce C. Schiffman, Y. P. Dang, Deborah Lee, Melanie Gutkowski, Robin L. Montgomery, Sayoko E. Moroi, Mark B. Sherwood, Rachel Scott, Simon K. Law, Deborah Darnley-Fisch, Mark S Juzych, Eydie Miller, Donald L. Budenz, Camilele M. Hylton, Keri Dirkes, N. Douglas Baker, Steven J. Gedde, Donald A. Abrams, Kimberly E. Cello, Deborah A. Dunn, Pamela M. Frady, Steven L. Mansberger, George A. Cioffi, Paul McManus, Deborah L. Simon, Bettina J. Modica, John L. Keltner, Emily L. Patterson, Myron Yanoff, Marianne L. Perry, Juanjuan Fan, Nancy J. Tvedt, Jean L. Walker, Shelly R. Smith, Kathyrne McKinney, Aldo Fantin, Dale K. Heur, Benita D. Slight, Karen D. Schacht, Francisco Fantes, Mark L. McDermott, Pamela A. Sample, Anjali M. Bhorade, Thomas S. Harbin, Carla J. Siegfried, Salvador Murillo, J. Philip Miller, Shaban Demirel, Marilyn A. Sponzo, Patricia A. Morris, Linda A. Van Conett, Eve J. Higginbotham, Barry R Davis, Michael V. Drake, Sheila M. Rock, Nauman R. Imami, Donna Leef, Madeline L. Del Calvo, Howard S. Weiss, J. Rigby Slight, Cheryl McGill, William J. Feuer, Anne L. Coleman, Dale K. Heuer, Juan Allen, David M. Lehmann, Edward M. Barnett, Clete Clark, Claude L Cowan, Jo Anne M Fraser, Irvin P. Pollack, Chris A. Johnson, Paul Weber, Mary Jameson, Jo Ann A Giaconi, Ivan R. Schwab, Sandra Quirin, David C. Herman, Montana L. Hooper, Judit Mohay, Steven M. Kymes, Bhupinder S. Dhillon, Julie M. Wright, Elizabeth Carnegie, Becky A. Nielsen, Ronald Munson, Monica Y. Allen, Teresa A. Roediger, M. Roy Wilson, G. Richard Bennett, Robert N. Weinreb, John A. Keltner, Allen D. Beck, Mary Bednarski, Henry D. Jampel, Christina A. Bruno, Bobbie Ballenberg, Kevin L. Powdrill, Anastasias Costarides, Anne M. Boeckl, Prithvi S. Sankar, Richard S. Baker, Robyn Priest-Reed, Douglas E. Gaasterland, Gregory L. Skuta, Lindsay C. Bennett, Jeffrey J. Casper, Frank S. Ashburn, Diane Moore, Nathan Congdon, Bret A Hughes, Mae E. Gordon, Robert L. Stamper, Douglas H. Johnson, and Richard A. Levine

Subjects
Male, Intraocular pressure, Time Factors, genetic structures, Open angle glaucoma, Eye disease, Vision Disorders, Ocular hypertension, Glaucoma, Article, Risk Factors, medicine, Psychophysics, Humans, Antihypertensive Agents, Intraocular Pressure, Monocular, business.industry, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Visual field, Visual Field Tests, Optometry, Female, Ocular Hypertension, sense organs, Visual Fields, business, Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Abstract

To evaluate whether baseline visual field data and asymmetries between eyes predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) participants.A new index, mean prognosis (MP), was designed for optimal combination of visual field thresholds, to discriminate between eyes that developed POAG from eyes that did not. Baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) in fellow eyes was used to construct measures of IOP asymmetry. Age-adjusted baseline thresholds were used to develop indicators of visual field asymmetry and summary measures of visual field defects. Marginal multivariate failure time models were constructed that relate the new index MP, IOP asymmetry, and visual field asymmetry to POAG onset for OHTS participants.The marginal multivariate failure time analysis showed that the MP index is significantly related to POAG onset (P0.0001) and appears to be a more highly significant predictor of POAG onset than either mean deviation (MD; P = 0.17) or pattern standard deviation (PSD; P = 0.046). A 1-mm Hg increase in IOP asymmetry between fellow eyes is associated with a 17% increase in risk for development of POAG. When threshold asymmetry between eyes existed, the eye with lower thresholds was at a 37% greater risk of development of POAG, and this feature was more predictive of POAG onset than the visual field index MD, though not as strong a predictor as PSD.The MP index, IOP asymmetry, and binocular test point asymmetry can assist in clinical evaluation of eyes at risk of development of POAG.

Published
2006

26. Contradictions in the Amblyopia Treatment Studies—Reply

Author

Richard W. Hertle, Roy W. Beck, Michael X. Repka, Susan A. Cotter, Graham E. Quinn, Donald F. Everett, Eileen E. Birch, David R. Weakley, Raymond T. Kraker, Mitchell Scheiman, Sean P. Donahue, David K. Wallace, and Jonathan M. Holmes

Subjects
Ophthalmology, business.industry, Medicine, business
Published
2006

27. Atropine Regimens for Amblyopia: Author reply

Author

Graham E. Quinn, Donald F. Everett, Michael X. Repka, Susan A. Cotter, Raymond T. Kraker, Eileen E. Birch, David K. Wallace, Nicholas A. Sala, Roy W. Beck, Jonathan M. Holmes, David R. Stager, Mitchell Scheiman, and Richard W. Hertle

Subjects
Ophthalmology, Atropine, business.industry, Anesthesia, Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Published
2005

28. Patching Regimens for Amblyopia: Author reply

Author

Jonathan M. Holmes, Michael X. Repka, Susan A. Cotter, David K. Wallace, Donald F. Everett, Raymond T. Kraker, Richard W. Hertle, Mitchell Scheiman, Eileen E. Birch, Graham E. Quinn, and Roy W. Beck

Subjects
Ophthalmology, business.industry, Optometry, Medicine, business
Published
2005

29. A randomized trial of atropine regimens for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children

Author

Susan A. Cotter, Jonathan M. Holmes, David R. Stager, Nicholas A. Sala, Graham E. Quinn, Donald F. Everett, Roy W. Beck, David K. Wallace, Raymond T. Kraker, Michael X. Repka, Richard W. Hertle, Mitchell Scheiman, and Eileen E. Birch

Subjects
Atropine, Male, Mydriatics, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, Randomization, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Amblyopia, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, Prospective cohort study, Strabismus, Anisometropia, business.industry, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Stereoscopic acuity, Ophthalmology, Child, Preschool, Physical therapy, Female, Ophthalmic Solutions, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective To compare daily atropine to weekend atropine as prescribed treatments for moderate amblyopia in children younger than 7 years. Design Prospective, randomized multicenter clinical trial (30 sites). Participants One hundred sixty-eight children younger than 7 years with amblyopia in the range of 20/40 to 20/80 associated with strabismus, anisometropia, or both. Intervention Randomization either to daily atropine or to weekend atropine for 4 months. Partial responders were continued on the randomized treatment until no further improvement was noted. Main outcome measure Visual acuity (VA) in the amblyopic eye after 4 months. Results The improvement in VA of the amblyopic eye from baseline to 4 months averaged 2.3 lines in each group. The VA of the amblyopic eye at study completion was either (1) at least 20/25 or (2) better than or equal to that of the sound eye in 39 children (47%) in the daily group and 45 children (53%) in the weekend group. The VA of the sound eye at the end of follow-up was reduced by 2 lines in one patient in each group. Stereoacuity outcomes were similar in the 2 groups. Conclusions Weekend atropine provides an improvement in VA of a magnitude similar to that of the improvement provided by daily atropine in treating moderate amblyopia in children 3 to 7 years old. This article contains additional online-only material available at http://www.ophsource.com/periodicals/ophtha.

Published
2004

30. Author's reply

Author

Roy W. Beck, Eileen E. Birch, Susan A. Cotter, Donald F. Everett, Richard W. Hertle, Jonathan M. Holmes, Raymond T. Kraker, Don W. Lyon, Pamela S. Moke, Graham E. Quinn, Michael X. Repka, Mitchell M. Scheiman, David K. Wallace, and David R. Weakley

Subjects
Ophthalmology
Published
2004

31. Patching regimens

Author

Susan A. Cotter, Marc F. Greenberg, Graham E. Quinn, Eileen E. Birch, Michael X. Repka, Roy W. Beck, Raymond T. Kraker, Donald F. Everett, Emilio C. Campos, David K. Wallace, Gunter K. von Noorden, Mitchell Scheiman, Jonathan M. Holmes, and Richard W. Hertle

Subjects
Ophthalmology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2004

32. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Progressive Addition Lenses versus Single Vision Lenses on the Progression of Myopia in Children

Author

Daniel Kurtz, Wendy Marsh-Tootle, Thomas T. Norton, M. Scheiman, M. Cristina Leske, Leslie Hyman, Jane Gwiazda, Ruth E. Manny, Donald F. Everett, and Mohamed Hussein

Subjects
Refractive error, medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Tropicamide, business.industry, Eye disease, Cycloplegia, medicine.disease, law.invention, Vision disorder, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Purpose The purpose of the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET) was to evaluate the effect of progressive addition lenses (PALs) compared with single vision lenses (SVLs) on the progression of juvenile-onset myopia. Methods COMET enrolled 469 children (ages 6-11 years) with myopia between -1.25 and -4.50 D spherical equivalent. The children were recruited at four colleges of optometry in the United States and were ethnically diverse. They were randomly assigned to receive either PALs with a +2.00 addition (n = 235) or SVLs (n = 234), the conventional spectacle treatment for myopia, and were followed for 3 years. The primary outcome measure was progression of myopia, as determined by autorefraction after cycloplegia with 2 drops of 1% tropicamide at each annual visit. The secondary outcome measure was change in axial length of the eyes, as assessed by A-scan ultrasonography. Child-based analyses (i.e., the mean of the two eyes) were used. Results were adjusted for important covariates, by using multiple linear regression. Results Of the 469 children (mean age at baseline, 9.3 +/- 1.3 years), 462 (98.5%) completed the 3-year visit. Mean (+/-SE) 3-year increases in myopia (spherical equivalent) were -1.28 +/- 0.06 D in the PAL group and -1.48 +/- 0.06 D in the SVL group. The 3-year difference in progression of 0.20 +/- 0.08 D between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.004). The treatment effect was observed primarily in the first year. The number of prescription changes differed significantly by treatment group only in the first year. At 6 months, 17% of the PAL group versus 30% of the SVL group needed a prescription change (P = 0.0007), and, at 1 year, 43% of the PAL group versus 59% of the SVL group required a prescription change (P = 0.002). Interaction analyses identified a significantly larger treatment effect of PALs in children with lower versus higher baseline accommodative response at near (P = 0.03) and with lower versus higher baseline myopia (P = 0.04). Mean (+/- SE) increases in the axial length of eyes of children in the PAL and SVL groups, respectively, were: 0.64 +/- 0.02 mm and 0.75 +/- 0.02 mm, with a statistically significant 3-year mean difference of 0.11 +/- 0.03 mm (P = 0.0002). Mean changes in axial length correlated with those in refractive error (r = 0.86 for PAL and 0.89 for SVL). Conclusions Use of PALs compared with SVLs slowed the progression of myopia in COMET children by a small, statistically significant amount only during the first year. The size of the treatment effect remained similar and significant for the next 2 years. The results provide some support for the COMET rationale-that is, a role for defocus in progression of myopia. The small magnitude of the effect does not warrant a change in clinical practice.

Published
2003

34. A Comparison of Patients With Spondyloarthropathy Seen in Specialty Clinics With Those Identified in a Communitywide Epidemiologic Study

Author

Wendell P. Goring, Reva C. Lawrence, Georgiana S. Boyer, Ann E. Bowler, D W Templin, Donald F. Everett, Joan Cornoni-Huntley, and Stephen P. Heyse

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Ankylosing spondylitis, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Spondyloarthropathy, Medical record, Specialty, Physical examination, medicine.disease, Surgery, Internal Medicine, medicine, Back pain, Reactive arthritis, Age of onset, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background: Undiagnosed cases of seronegative spondyloarthropathy (Spa) are often observed during epidemiologic studies. Objective: To determine the extent of and the reasons for the underdiagnosis of Spa. Methods: We studied 2 groups of Alaskan native patients with Spa using a standardized protocol that included an interview, physical examination, medical record review, and radiographic and laboratory examinations. One group consisted of patients identified in a communitywide epidemiologic study; the other group consisted of patients from related but geographically separate populations who had been diagnosed by a specialist in the hospital or a specialty clinic. All cases met the current classification criteria for Spa. The clinical and demographic features of the cases in the 2 groups were compared. Results: Fifty-five (72%) of the 76 community cases that we identified in the epidemiologic study had not been diagnosed previously as Spa. Among the undiagnosed patients were 34 (94%) of the 36 women, 11 (65%) of the 17 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 12 (36%) of the 33 patients with reactive arthritis, and 24 (100%) of those with undifferentiated Spa. The community and specialty clinic patient groups were similar in age of onset of joint and back pain and in overall symptoms. The specialty clinic group had a higher proportion of men, more severe disease, and a higher frequency of iritis. Conclusions: The diagnosis of Spa was missed more often than not in the primary care setting, probably because most of the cases were of mild or moderate severity and did not fit the classic descriptions of spondyloarthropathic disorders. The higher proportion of men among the specialty clinic cases probably reflects provider expectation as well as a slightly milder disease course in women. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2111-2117

Published
1997

36. Discrepancies Between Patient Recall and the Medical Record

Author

Reva C. Lawrence, Donald F. Everett, D W Templin, Ann E. Bowler, Georgiana S. Boyer, Wendell P. Goring, Joan Cornoni-Huntley, and Stephen P. Heyse

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Recall, Spondyloarthropathy, business.industry, Medical record, MEDLINE, Arthritis, Disease, medicine.disease, Surgery, Joint pain, Internal Medicine, Back pain, medicine, Physical therapy, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background: During a case-control study, data necessary for fulfilling diagnostic and classification criteria for spondyloarthropathy were collected from 121 patients. Objective: To study the potential impact of differences between patient recall and the medical record on diagnosis and clinical characterization of spondyloarthropathy as a model of chronic disease. Methods: The study was conducted among four Alaskan Eskimo populations served by the Alaska Native Health Service. Two sets of historical data were compiled for each subject, one acquired during the interview and the other derived from the medical record. Paired items from the interview and the medical record were analyzed to determine discrepancies and consequent effects on diagnosis, classification, and disease characterization. Results: Significant differences were observed in the reporting of genitourinary or diarrheal illnesses preceding or associated with arthritis, the occurrence of eye inflammation in association with joint pain, the occurrence of joint pain and back pain together, and the age at onset of back pain, all of which are important to the diagnosis and classification of spondyloarthropathy. In contrast, for information needed to establish the probable inflammatory nature of back pain, patient interview was more helpful than the medical records, which did not provide adequate details to differentiate inflammatory from mechanical back pain. Conclusions: Patient recall bias can substantially affect diagnosis and clinical assessment of chronic disease, as exemplified by spondyloarthropathy. Reliance on records alone, however, may lead to underestimation of features that require subjective appraisal by the patient. (Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1868-1872)

Published
1995

37. The Linxian Cataract Studies

Author

Qiu-Fang Cheng, Tian-Sheng Hu, Robert D. Sperduto, Donald F. Everett, William J. Blot, Jialiang Zhao, Li Bing, Roy C. Milton, Li Jun-Yao, Philip R. Taylor, Sanford M. Dawsey, and Wande Guo

Subjects
Male, Vitamin, China, medicine.medical_specialty, Esophageal Neoplasms, genetic structures, Capsules, Riboflavin, Cataract, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Stomach Neoplasms, law, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Aged, Minerals, business.industry, food and beverages, Vitamins, Middle Aged, Ascorbic acid, Surgery, Clinical trial, Ophthalmology, chemistry, Female, Posterior subcapsular cataract, Multivitamin, business, Niacin, Tablets
Abstract

Objective: To determine whether the vitamin/mineral supplements used in two cancer intervention trials affected the risk of developing age-related cataracts. Design: Two randomized, double-masked trials with a duration of 5 to 6 years and end-of-trial eye examinations. Setting: Rural communes in Linxian, China. Participants: In trial 1, 2141 participants aged 45 to 74 years, and, in trial 2, 3249 participants aged 45 to 74 years. Interventions: Multivitamin/mineral supplement or matching placebo in trial l; factorial design to test the effect of four different vitamin/mineral combinations in trial 2 (retinol/zinc, riboflavin/niacin, ascorbic acid/molybdenum, and selenium/alpha-tocopherol/beta carotene). Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts in treatment groups at end of trials. Results: In the first trial, there was a statistically significant 36% reduction in the prevalence of nuclear cataract for persons aged 65 to 74 years who received the supplements. In the second trial, the prevalence of nuclear cataract was significantly lower in persons receiving riboflavin/niacin compared with persons not receiving these vitamins. Again, persons in the oldest group, 65 to 74 years, benefited the most (44% reduction in prevalence). No treatment effect was noted for cortical cataract in either trial. Although the number of posterior subcapsular cataracts was very small, there was a statistically significant deleterious effect of treatment with riboflavin/niacin. Conclusions: Findings from the two trials suggest that vitamin/mineral supplements may decrease the risk of nuclear cataract. Additional research is needed in less nutritionally deprived populations before these findings can be translated into general nutritional recommendations.

Published
1993

39. Food group consumption reported by the elderly during the NHANES I epidemiologic followup study

Author

Connie M. Dresser, Donald F. Everett, and Suzanne P. Murphy

Subjects
Nhanes i, Consumption (economics), education.field_of_study, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, business.industry, Nutrition Education, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Followup study, Population, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, Food group, Environmental health, Medicine, Refined grains, business, education
Abstract

Food group consumption in the elderly (65 years of age or older) was examined using data from the food frequency questionnaire administered as part of the 1982–84 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey's (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Followup Study (NHEFS). The number of daily servings from each food group was determined for each individual by adjusting reported frequency of consumption of food from that group (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, and never) to a daily basis. Mean daily servings for the population of 2653 elderly were calculated for 95 NHEFS food groups combined into 32 nutritionally similar food groups, and six food groups used for current dietary guidance. Older adults reported mean daily servings greater than 1.0 for five of the 32 groups: coffee/tea, vegetable fats, non-citrus fruits, citrus fruits, and refined grains. A comparison of actual servings consumed daily with the recommended servings of six food groups indicated too few servings of dairy and grain products and adequate servings of fruits, vegetables, and protein foods. These results may be used to design nutrition education programs targeted to the elderly population.

Published
1989

40. Neuroleptic-induced decrease in plasma homovanillic acid and antipsychotic activity in schizophrenic patients

Author

Alec Roy, Steven M. Paul, Daniel W. Hommer, Rodrigo Labarca, David Pickar, Donald F. Everett, and Markku Linnoila

Subjects
Fluphenazine, Adult, Male, Psychosis, Time Factors, Metabolite, medicine.medical_treatment, Dopamine, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Postsynaptic potential, Medicine, Humans, Antipsychotic, Phenylacetates, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Homovanillic acid, Homovanillic Acid, medicine.disease, chemistry, Dopamine receptor, Schizophrenia, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Plasma-free homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of dopamine, was measured in chronically ill schizophrenic patients both before and during treatment with the antipsychotic phenothiazine, fluphenazine. Neuroleptic treatment was associated with a significant time-dependent decrease in plasma homovanillic acid from pretreatment values, which were significantly elevated when compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Further, both the absolute concentrations as well as the neuroleptic-induced reductions in plasma homovanillic acid determined over 5 weeks of neuroleptic treatment were statistically significantly correlated with ratings of psychosis and improvement in psychosis, respectively. These findings suggest that the delayed effects of neuroleptic agents on presynaptic dopamine activity may more closely parallel their therapeutic actions than do their immediate effects in blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors and that a decrease in dopamine "turnover" may be responsible for their antipsychotic effects.

Published
1984

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