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Poor individuals have less healthy diets and seem to benefit less from nutrition information campaigns. One may wonder if they are less aware of their diets’ shortcomings. The aim of this paper is to assess whether the association between perceived diet healthiness and adherence to nutritional guidelines is weaker among poor people. Data were collected from 40,000 participants from the Constances study, a large population-based observational cohort in France. Adherence to French nutritional guidelines was measured by a validated score based on a 22 item food frequency questionnaire and poverty was defined as facing material deprivation. These variables and their interaction were the variables of interest of a linear regression predicting perceived diet healthiness, with controls for confounders and 95% CI. Poor participants had lower nutrition scores and diet healthiness perceptions. Among respondents who had never faced material deprivation, for each increase in the guideline adherence score there was a +0.21 change (95% CI [0.18,0.23]) in perceived diet healthiness for men (women: +0.19 [0.17,0.22]). The coefficients were not smaller among poor respondents. Our results do not support the assumption that people facing poverty might overestimate their diet healthiness. This suggests that information campaigns are not enough: policies or interventions making healthy eating easier and more manageable are necessary.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A large percentage of older adults do not receive recommended amounts of many nutrients from food alone. Accordingly, the routine use of dietary supplements has become common among older persons. Although supplement use provides potential benefits by increasing nutrient intakes, there are potential drawbacks. RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical studies have pointed to potential reductions in the risk to develop age-related diseases among older people who reported long-term use of multivitamin supplements. Higher plasma levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were also associated with fewer cardiovascular deaths in older people consuming omega-3 supplements. Dietary protein supplementation combined with exercise had a strong effect in preventing age-related muscle mass attenuation and leg strength loss in older people. Finally, beneficial effects of purified flavonoids on cognitive functions have been reported in some studies, whereas in a significant number of other studies, no such effect could be observed. SUMMARY: The use of dietary supplements among older people has increased over the years due to the expectation of reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases. Although some dietary supplements may indeed fulfill some of these expectations, it would be unwise to assume that they are all efficacious and safe to use.

Since several years dairy products are subjected to negative criticisms regarding their health potential. Yet, when studying the association between dairy intake and risks of major chronic diseases recent literature and expertise reports shows that milks, yogurts, fermented milks and cheeses are either protective or neutral against obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some cancers, and against their risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia). Besides there is no association between saturated and trans-fat intakes from dairy products and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes risks. Otherwise more and more studies are establishing a significant positive association between an increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and increased risks of chronic diseases, even for plant-based foods. The issue of considering dairy according to their degree of processing in future epidemiological studies is therefore raised because all minimally- and normally-processed dairy (milk, yogurt and fermented milk, cheese) are neutral or protective

International audience; BACKGROUND: Current guidelines warn of potential electromagnetic interferences (EMI) when using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to measure body composition in patients equipped with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). We aimed to test the occurrence of EMI in a setting where this risk was experimentally maximized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Outpatients scheduled for routine ICD controls simultaneously underwent a BIA measurement using an electrical current of 0.8 mAmp at frequencies from 5-100 kHz. ICD sensitivity levels were set to maximum levels while therapies were temporarily inactivated. The device electrograms were monitored in real time to detect sensed and/or visible EMI during BIA measurement. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients equipped with single-chamber (n = 13), dual-chamber (n = 18), or biventricular (n = 32) ICDs from 5 major manufacturers were included. No EMI were detected by the ICDs in these patients, nor were any artifacts visualized during real-time electrogram recordings. CONCLUSION: BIA can be safely performed in patients equipped with ICDs without cardiac monitoring. Current guidelines should be updated accordingly

Forum des prix SFN - Impact des facteurs environnementaux et génétiques sur la consommation et l'utilisation des nutriments; National audience; Introduction et but de l’étude : La prise en charge nutritionnelle de la sarcopénie et de la dénutrition est souvent peu efficace chez la personne âgée, notamment à cause de la résistance à l’anabolisme protéique postprandial. La Cit stimule la synthèse protéique musculaire chez le rat âgé et chez l’homme jeune. Le but de cette étude est de mesurer si la Cit est efficace sur le turn over protéique des patients âgés dénutris (PAD) hospitalisés. Matériel et méthodes : Cette étude prospective (PHRC National 2007, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00714675), randomisée et multicentrique a inclus 29 PAD hospitalisés en soins de suite gériatrique. Ils recevaient tous, pendant 20 jours, par voie orale, soit 10 g de Cit soit un mélange iso-azoté de 6 acides aminés (AAs) non essentiels (AANE). Le turn over protéique corps entier, la vitesse de synthèse fractionnaire de l’albumine (VSFA) et la séquestration splanchnique ont été mesurés le 21ème jour par une technique de dilution isotopique utilisant la 13C-Leucine et la 3D-Leucine, chez des patients à jeun depuis 12 heures et en situation postprandiale. Résultats et Analyse statistique : 24 patients ont terminé l’étude. Il n’y a pas de modification du turn over protéique et de la synthèse protéique corps entier (NOLD). La VSFA n’est pas modifiée. En revanche, il existe une tendance à la diminution de l’extraction splanchnique des AAs chez les patients traités par la Cit (Cit : 45.2 [26.2;58.4], AANE : 60.3 [48.3 ;69.7] en %/j, p

Acknowledgments: Project supported by the Fondation Francophone de Recherche sur le Diabète; International audience; Background: The rising worldwide prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors of predictive of type 2 diabetes, relates largely to increasing obesity and sedentary but also to early metabolic life events. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify predictive biomarkers of evolution toward MetS 8 years later, and to bring new knowledge about this pathological state using a multidisciplinary approach in an at-risk population (subjects with small birth weight). Design: This case-control study (subjects free of MetS at baseline (n=92 born small vs n=76 born adequate for gestational age (SGA vs SGA)) was nested in the French community-based Haguenau cohort. The control group was randomly matched for age and sex. Serum signatures were determined and compared at baseline (20 years old) to determine predictive biomarkers using both untargeted mass spectrometry metabolomics and targeted proteomics using microarrays. Individual predictive models were first built using linear logistic regressions from the omics datasets. Metabolomic and proteomic data were finally integrated using random forest to determine whether multidimensional models improve prediction. Results: Univariate statistical analyses allowed identifying 93 discriminant metabolites and 47 proteins between cases and controls at baseline, with in both cases, specific gender differences. The resulting models based on either 4 metabolites or 4 proteins showed good performances: 22% misclassification on training set, 25% on validation set vs 11% misclassification on training set, 33% on validation set, respectively. Multi-omic data integration improved performance and robustness of the prediction (11% misclassification on training set, 8% on validation set). Correlation analyses with other data (anthropometric, biochemical) contributed to better understand the role of these biomarkers in the pathological processes, and therefore to evaluate their potential clinical value. Conclusion: These results should provide new tools to better stratify at-risk populations, and additional knowledge on MetS development

Background An obesity subphenotype, named ‘metabolically healthy obese’ (MHO) has been recently defined to characterise a subgroup of obese individuals with less risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities. To date no data are available on participants born with small weight for gestational age (SGA) and the risk of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). Objective Assess the risk of MUHO in SGA versus appropriate for gestational age (AGA) adult participants. Methods 129 young obese individuals (body mass index ≥30 kg/m²) from data of an 8-year follow-up Haguenau cohort (France), were identified out of 1308 participants and were divided into 2 groups: SGA (n=72) and AGA (n=57). Metabolic characteristics were analysed and compared using unpaired t-test. The HOMA-IR index was determined for the population and divided into quartiles. Obese participants within the first 3 quartiles were considered as MHO and those in the fourth quartile as MUHO. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CI for being MUHO in SGA versus AGA participants were computed. Results The SGA-obese group had a higher risk of MUHO versus the AGA-obese group: RR=1.27 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.6) independently of age and sex. Conclusions In case of obesity, SGA might confer a higher risk of MUHO compared with AGA.

Le fichier contient le book of abstracts; Insulin resistance (IR) favors the progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. IR results from metabolic dysfunctions, oxidative stress and inflammation caused by ectopic fat depots. We studied the effect of canola oil enriched with micronutrients naturally present in canola seed on IR and MetS during a high fat (HF)-challenge. Rats were fed with a HF diet containing 30% of lipids, mainly derived from palm oil (diet P), or from a mixture of palm and canola oils (60:40, diet C). In 2 groups of animals, diet C was further supplemented with alpha tocopherol, CoQ with or without Canolol, (diets CMC & CM respectively). Insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were assessed after 10 weeks. HF animals were compared to control animals receiving a standard diet. All groups receiving a HF diet gained significantly more weight compared to control. Similar results were obtained for fat depots. Glucose tolerance was altered in P and C groups and improved in CM and CMC. Insulin sensitivity was not different between control and P groups, but was higher in CMC group compared to controls. A reduced activation of PDK4 and Srebp1c expression was observed in skeletal muscle in CM group. In conclusion, the proportion of AGPI could not prevent metabolic disturbance induced by a HF meal. Enrichment with natural micronutrients could prevent insulin resistance and glucose intolerance which could be mediated by a better glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle

National audience; L’insuffisance respiratoire chronique obstructive secondaire à la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) combine les effets délétères de l’hypoxie chronique, l’inflammation chronique, l’insulinorésistance, l’augmentation de la dépense énergétique, la fonte musculaire, et le déconditionnement à l’exercice. Comme pour d’autres maladies chroniques, la perte de masse non grasse diminue la survie. Préserver la masse et la fonction musculaires en maintenant le métabolisme mitochondrial oxydatif est un point clé de la prise en charge du patient BPCO. Du fait du vieillissement de la population, de l’augmentation de prévalence de la BPCO et du progrès médical, les années futures vont connaître l’augmentation de la prévalence de la dénutrition chez les patients BPCO. L’androgénopénie, ou l’hypogonadisme, définie par une testostéronémie libre inférieure à 50 pg/mL, est observée chez 40 % des patients BPCO. Comme les androgènes stimulent l’anabolisme musculaire, l’androgénopénie s’associe à une fonte musculaire. Des études, dont une récente méta-analyse, indiquent que l’androgénothérapie pouvait augmenter l’indice de masse corporelle et la masse non grasse, ainsi que la qualité de vie des patients BPCO, mais, seule, était insuffisante pour améliorer la fonction respiratoire. Deux essais randomisés multicentriques ont démontré que l’association androgénothérapie–exercice physique–compléments nutritionnels oraux contenant des acides gras poly-insaturés oméga-3, pendant au moins trois mois, diminuait la morbi-mortalité. Ce traitement multimodal est optimisé dans le cadre de la réhabilitation respiratoire, qui est le traitement de référence de la dénutrition du patient BPCO. / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combines the deleterious effects of chronic hypoxia, chronic inflammation, insulin-resistance, increased energy expenditure, muscle wasting, and exercise deconditioning. As for other chronic disorders, loss of fat-free mass decreased survival. The preservation of muscle mass and function, through the protection of the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, is an important challenge in the management of COPD patients. As the prevalence of the disease is increasing and the medical advances make COPD patients live longer, the prevalence of COPD-associated nutritional disorders is expected to augmentation in future decades. Androgenopenia, or hypogonadism, defined by free testosterone plasma concentrations below 50 pg/mL, is observed in 40% of COPD patients. Due to the stimulating effects of androgens on muscle anabolism, androgenopenia favors loss of muscle mass. Studies, including one recent meta-analysis, indicate that androgen substitution could improve body mass index and fat-free mass as well as quality of life in COPD patients, but, alone, was insufficient to improve lung function. Two multicentric randomized clinical trials have shown that the association of androgen therapy with physical exercise and oral nutritional supplements containing omega-3 polyinsaturated fatty acids in the context of pulmonary rehabilitation, during at least three months, is associated with an improved clinical outcome and survival. These approaches are optimized in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation, which is the reference therapy of COPD-associated undernutrition

This study was funded by the Fondation Francophone pour la recherche sur le diabete; Objectives Compare the dietary intake of young adults born small for gestational age (SGA) versus those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).Design Cross-sectional analysis.Setting Data at the 8-year follow-up Haguenau cohort (France). Data from 229 AGA-born adults and 172 SGA-born adults with available dietary information are presented.Methods Dietary intake was based on a food questionnaire including 19 items. The χ2 test was run to compare intake between SGA-born and AGA-born individuals. An a priori score was calculated based on the adherence to recommendations from the French Nutrition and Health Program and included 8 components with the lowest value indicating a lower adherence to recommendations. The score was then divided into quartiles. Relative risks and 95% CIs, controlling for age and sex in multivariate analysis, were calculated in order to determine the risk of belonging to the first versus the second to the fourth quartiles in SGA-born and AGA-born individuals.Results Intakes of SGA-born adults indicated that they consumed more meat, sugar and less fish than AGA-born individuals (all p

National audience; La nutrition foetale est maintenant reconnue comme un facteur de risque pour le développement du syndrome métabolique (SMet) et du diabète de type 2 à l’âge adulte. Cette étude cas-témoins nichée au sein de la cohorte Haguenau a pour objectif d’identifier des biomarqueurs précoces et/ou prédictifs du SMet, associés ou non à l’empreinte foetale par une approche protéomique ciblée. Elle utilise les données anthropométriques et sociales d’individus nés à la maternité d’Haguenau et identifiés avec ou non un petit poids de naissance ajusté pour l’âge gestationnel (petit poids=SGA, poids normal=AGA). Nous avons sélectionné des sujets SGA, sains à 20 ans (T1, n=56), ayant développé (SMet30, n=27) ou non (non SMet30, n=29) un SMet à 30 ans (T2). Une analyse protéomique ciblée a été réalisée sur 56 échantillons biologiques prélevés à T1 en utilisant des biopuces à protéines. Les résultats ont été analysés pour mettre en évidence des modulations de protéines et identifier des biomarqueurs prédictifs de l’apparition du SMet à T2. Une étape de validation a été effectuée (n=12) pour tester la robustesse du modèle prédictif obtenu. Les résultats ont révélé la variation significative de 47 protéines entre cas et témoins à T1, soit plus de 7 ans avant l’apparition du SMet, et avec un ratio de variation supérieur à 1,5 (n=45) ou inférieur à 0,65 (n=2). Elles sont en majorité impliquées dans la régulation de l’angiogenèse (n=7), de l’inflammation (n=5) ou encore du métabolisme (n=3). D’autres participent à la prolifération cellulaire ou sont impliquées dans le développement foetal (n=5).Un modèle de régression logistique a permis de retenir 4 protéines avec une capacité prédictive. Ce projet va contribuer à renforcer nos connaissances sur le SMet et l’empreinte foetale; il va permettre l’identification précoce des sujets à risque pour améliorer leur prise en charge avec une meilleure stratégie préventive.

Cette année les assises sont en partenariat avec le Pôle de compétitivité Lyonbiopôle et le cluster Nutravita, des symposiums thématiques portant sur les interactions entre la recherche académique, l’innovation et l’industrie seront proposés.Cette année les assises sont en partenariat avec le Pôle de compétitivité Lyonbiopôle et le cluster Nutravita, des symposiums thématiques portant sur les interactions entre la recherche académique, l’innovation et l’industrie seront proposés.; Grâce à une vision intégrée des phénomènes post-génomes, les approches omiques devraient permettre de mieux comprendre l’ensemble des processus biologiques complexes ayant lieu au cours du développement des maladies métaboliques chroniques telles que le syndrome métabolique (SMet). Cet ensemble de désordres cardiovasculaires et métaboliques précède et prédit le diabète de type 2 (T2D) et la nutrition foetale est maintenant reconnue comme un facteur de risque important pour son développement et le T2D à l’âge adulte. Dans cette étude, notre objectif était d’identifier des biomarqueurs précoces et/ou prédictifs du SMet, associés ou non à l’empreinte foetale par une approche protéomique ciblée. Cette étude cas-témoins nichée au sein de la cohorte Haguenau utilise les données anthropométriques et sociales d’individus nés à la maternité d’Haguenau et identifiés avec ou non un petit poids de naissance ajusté pour l’âge gestationnel (petit poids=SGA, poids normal=AGA). Nous avons donc sélectionné des sujets SGA, sains à 20 ans (T1, n=46), ayant développé (SMet30, n=23) ou non (nonSMet30, n=23) un SMet à 30 ans (T2). Une analyse protéomique ciblée a été réalisée sur les échantillons biologiques prélevés à T1 en utilisant des biopuces ciblant des cytokines, chemokines, adipokines, facteurs de croissance, facteurs angiogéniques, protéases, récepteurs solubles, ou encore des molécules d’adhésion. Cette technique détecte simultanément 1000 protéines à partir d’une faible quantité de sérum. Les résultats ont été analysés par des méthodes statistiques uni- et multivariées (ANOVA, ACP et PLS-DA) pour mettre en évidence des modulations de protéines et identifier des biomarqueurs prédictifs de l’apparition du SMet à T2. Une étape de validation a été effectuée (n=11) pour tester la robustesse du modèle prédictif obtenu. Les résultats ont montré 60 protéines modulées de façon significative entre cas et témoins à T1, soit plus de 7 ans avant l’apparition du SMet. Parmi celles-ci, 31 protéines ont un ratio de variation supérieur à 1,5 (n=23) ou inférieur à 0,65 (n=8). Elles sont en majorité impliquées dans la régulation de l’angiogenèse (n=7), de l’inflammation (n=5) ou encore du métabolisme (n=3). D’autres participent à la prolifération cellulaire ou sont impliquées dans le développement foetal (n=5). Une approche réseau utilisant Ingenuity a permis d’explorer en détail leurs liens et corrélations. L’analyse statistique par PLS-DA a permis de sélectionner les protéines candidats biomarqueurs ayant les plus fortes capacités discriminantes. L’intégration d’autres types de données (socio-économiques, cliniques, métabolomiques) par Random Forest sera réalisée pour enrichir les modèles prédictifs. Ce projet contribuera à renforcer nos connaissances sur le SMet et l’empreinte foetale; il va permettre l’identification précoce des sujets à risque afin d’améliorer leur prise en charge et de proposer une stratégie préventive efficace

The 3C Study supports are listed on the Study website (www.three-city-study.com). The fatty acid analyses performed by EP were supported by the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine. EF was supported by the Fondation Recherche Medicale through grant number DEA20120624709; Background & aims: Nutritional factors, such as fatty acids (FA), could modulate physical performance in the elderly. In particular, the opposite properties of long-chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (LC PUFAs) could impact muscle function. We aimed to assess the cross-sectional association between plasma FAs and gait speed in French elderly community-dwellers.Methods:Elderly participants from the Bordeaux centre of the Three-City Study were included. The proportion of 12 FAs, and gait speed (m/s) were measured concomitantly at enrollment. Low gait speed (LGS) was defined as below the first quartile of gait speed. FA patterns were derived from the 12 individual FAs using principal component analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used and odds-ratios (OR) were expressed per one additional standard-deviation unit of each plasma FA or per one additional unit of pattern score.Results: Among 982 participants, 239 (243%) had a low gait speed (

Muscle wasting in cancer: the role of mitochondria. [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015]Mitochondrial plasticity in cancer-related muscle wasting: potential approaches for its management; absent

BACKGROUND: In modern societies characterized by abundant and accessible foods, restrained eating may become an adaptive behavior to limit weight gain. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the relations between eating behavior (EB) and adiposity in a general population over a 2-y period. DESIGN: We recruited 466 adults and 271 adolescents in 1999 on a geographical basis to participate in a longitudinal study. At the initial examination and 2 y later, they answered an EB questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, which measured cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. On the same occasions, several measures of adiposity were also obtained: body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), waist circumference, the sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, and percentage body fat. Relations between EB and adiposity were tested separately in adults and adolescents by using mixed linear regressions after adjustment for age, sex, and (in adolescents) Tanner pubertal stage. RESULTS: At baseline, CR was positively associated with BMI in normal-weight subjects (mean BMI: 21.4 in the lowest to 23.3 in the highest CR quintile; P < 0.001) but not in overweight adults (P = 0.25). Initial CR did not predict change in adiposity variables (BMI change: P = 0.79 in adults, P = 0.57 in adolescents and young adults). Conversely, a high initial BMI was associated with a larger increase in CR (beta = 20.1, P < 0.0001 in adults; beta = 21.7, P = 0.003 in adolescents and young adults). CONCLUSIONS: Restrained eating is strongly associated with adiposity in normal-weight subjects but not in overweight subjects. However, restrained eating does not promote weight gain.

International audience; Although the impact of passive video games (PVGs) on energy intake has been previously explored in lean adolescents, data are missing on the nutritional adaptations to passive and active video games (AVGs) in obese adolescents. It is also unknown whether isoenergetic AVGs and exercise (EX) differently affect food consumption in youth. Nineteen obese adolescent boys (12-15 years old) had to complete four 1-hour sessions in a crossover manner: control (CON; sitting on a chair), PVG (boxing game on Xbox 360), AVG (boxing game on Xbox Kinect 360) and EX (cycling). The EX was calibrated to generate the same energy expenditure as the AVG session. Energy expenditure was measured using a K4b2 portable indirect calorimeter. Ad libitum food intake (buffet-style meal) and appetite sensations (visual analogue scales) were assessed after the sessions. As expected, mean energy expenditure was similar between AVG (370±4 kcal) and EX (358±3 kcal), both of which were significantly higher than PVG (125±7 kcal) and CON (98±5 kcal) (P

Rapeseeds are naturally rich in cardioprotective micronutrients but refining leads to substantial losses or the production of undesirable compounds. The Optim'Oils European project proposed innovative refining conditions to produce an optimized rapeseed oil enriched in micronutrients and low in trans linolenic acid. We aimed to investigate cardioprotective properties of this Optimized oil. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over study, 59 healthy normolipidaemic men consumed either Optimized or Standard rapeseed oils (20 g/d) and margarines (22 g/d) for 3 weeks. The Optimized oil reduced the trans FA concentration (p = 0.009) and increased the contents of alpha-tocopherol (p = 0.022) and coenzyme Q10 (p

Review; National audience; The trans fatty acids present in our diet have two sources: the first is natural from bio-dehydrogenation in ruminants and the second, synthetic, from partial dehydrogenation of fats and oils. The major difference between the two types is the position of the double bonds on the carbon chain of the fatty acids. Several interventional studies have clearly shown that synthetic trans fatty acids have adverse effects on cardiovascular risk factors (increased LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol). These findings are supported by most epidemiological surveys. However, these deleterious effects have not been observed with the natural trans fatty acids. The scarcity of epidemiological data would suggest a lack of effect but interventional trials are required to confirm this fact.