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1. Kidney and Cardiovascular Effects of Canagliflozin According to Age and Sex: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CREDENCE Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Yi, TW, Smyth, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-3348, Di Tanna, GL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-3567, Arnott, C ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9370-9913, Cardoza, K, Kang, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-1282, Pollock, C, Agarwal, R, Bakris, G, Charytan, DM, de Zeeuw, D, Heerspink, HJL, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Wheeler, DC, Cannon, CP, Zhang, H, Zinman, B, Perkovic, V ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4257-7620, Levin, A, Mahaffey, KW, Jardine, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0160-2375, Brenner, BM, Greene, T, Jardine, MJ, Meininger, G, Li, N, Kolesnyk, I, Aizenberg, D, Pecoits-Filho, R, Cherney, D, Obrador, G, Chertow, G, Chang, T, Hawley, C, Ji, L, Wada, T, Jha, V ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Lim, SK, Lim-Abrahan, MA, Santos, F, Chae, DW, Hwang, SJ, Vazelov, E, Rychlík, I, Hadjadj, S, Krane, V, Rosivall, L, De Nicola, L, Dreval, A, Nowicki, M, Schiller, A, Distiller, L, Górriz, JL, Kolesnyk, M, David, Wheeler, C, Guerrero, RAA, Albisu, JP, Alvarisqueta, A, Bartolacci, I, Berli, MA, Bordonava, A, Calella, P, Cantero, MC, Cartasegna, LR, Cercos, E, Coloma, GC, Colombo, H, Commendatore, V, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, CA, Cusumano, AM, Douthat, WG, Dran, RD, Farias, E, Fernandez, MF, Finkelstein, H, Fragale, G, Fretes, JO, Garcia, NH, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, JA, Gonzalez, JP, Colaso, PDCG, Goycoa, C, Greloni, GC, Guinsburg, A, Hermida, S, Juncos, LI, Klyver, MI, Kraft, F, Krynski, F, Lanchiotti, PV, Leon de la Fuente, RA, Marchetta, N, Mele, P, Nicolai, S, Novoa, PA, Orio, SI, Yi, TW, Smyth, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-3348, Di Tanna, GL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-3567, Arnott, C ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9370-9913, Cardoza, K, Kang, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-1282, Pollock, C, Agarwal, R, Bakris, G, Charytan, DM, de Zeeuw, D, Heerspink, HJL, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Wheeler, DC, Cannon, CP, Zhang, H, Zinman, B, Perkovic, V ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4257-7620, Levin, A, Mahaffey, KW, Jardine, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0160-2375, Brenner, BM, Greene, T, Jardine, MJ, Meininger, G, Li, N, Kolesnyk, I, Aizenberg, D, Pecoits-Filho, R, Cherney, D, Obrador, G, Chertow, G, Chang, T, Hawley, C, Ji, L, Wada, T, Jha, V ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-9470, Lim, SK, Lim-Abrahan, MA, Santos, F, Chae, DW, Hwang, SJ, Vazelov, E, Rychlík, I, Hadjadj, S, Krane, V, Rosivall, L, De Nicola, L, Dreval, A, Nowicki, M, Schiller, A, Distiller, L, Górriz, JL, Kolesnyk, M, David, Wheeler, C, Guerrero, RAA, Albisu, JP, Alvarisqueta, A, Bartolacci, I, Berli, MA, Bordonava, A, Calella, P, Cantero, MC, Cartasegna, LR, Cercos, E, Coloma, GC, Colombo, H, Commendatore, V, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, CA, Cusumano, AM, Douthat, WG, Dran, RD, Farias, E, Fernandez, MF, Finkelstein, H, Fragale, G, Fretes, JO, Garcia, NH, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, JA, Gonzalez, JP, Colaso, PDCG, Goycoa, C, Greloni, GC, Guinsburg, A, Hermida, S, Juncos, LI, Klyver, MI, Kraft, F, Krynski, F, Lanchiotti, PV, Leon de la Fuente, RA, Marchetta, N, Mele, P, Nicolai, S, Novoa, PA, and Orio, SI

Abstract

Rationale & Objective: It is unclear whether the effect of canagliflozin on adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in those with diabetic kidney disease varies by age and sex. We assessed the effects of canagliflozin among age group categories and between sexes in the Canagliflozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) study. Study Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Setting & Participants: Participants in the CREDENCE trial. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to receive canagliflozin 100 mg/d or placebo. Outcomes: Primary composite outcome of kidney failure, doubling of serum creatinine concentration, or death due to kidney or cardiovascular disease. Prespecified secondary and safety outcomes were also analyzed. Outcomes were evaluated by age at baseline (<60, 60-69, and ≥70 years) and sex in the intention-to-treat population using Cox regression models. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 63.0 ± 9.2 years, and 34% were female. Older age and female sex were independently associated with a lower risk of the composite of adverse kidney outcomes. There was no evidence that the effect of canagliflozin on the primary outcome (a composite of kidney failure, a doubling of serum creatinine concentration, or death from kidney or cardiovascular causes) differed between age groups (HRs, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.52-0.87], 0.63 [0.48-0.82], and 0.89 [0.61-1.29] for ages <60, 60-69, and ≥70 years, respectively; P = 0.3 for interaction) or sexes (HRs, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.54-0.95] and 0.69 [0.56-0.84] in women and men, respectively; P = 0.8 for interaction). No differences in safety outcomes by age group or sex were observed. Limitations: This was a post hoc analysis with multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Canagliflozin consistently reduced the relative risk of kidney events in people with diabetic kidney disease in both sexes and across age subgroups. As a result of greater background risk, the

Published
2023

2. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

Author

Perkovic, V., Jardine, M. J., Neal, B., Bompoint, S., Heerspink, H. J. L., Charytan, D. M., Edwards, R., Agarwal, R., Bakris, G., Bull, S., Cannon, C. P., Capuano, G., Chu, P. -L., De Zeeuw, D., Greene, T., Levin, A., Pollock, C., Wheeler, D. C., Yavin, Y., Zhang, H., Zinman, B., Meininger, G., Brenner, B. M., Mahaffey, K. W., Perkovic, V, Mahaffey, Kw, Agarwal, R, Bakris, G, Brenner, Bm, Cannon, Cp, Charytan, Dm, de Zeeuw, D, Greene, T, Jardine, Mj, Heerspink, Hjl, Levin, A, Meininger, G, Neal, B, Pollock, C, Wheeler, Dc, Zhang, H, Zinman, B, Mcguire, Dk, Holman, R, Home, P, Scharfstein, D, Parfrey, P, Shahinfar, S, August, P, Chang, T, Sinha, Ad, Januzzi, J, Kolansky, D, Amerena, J, Hillis, G, Gorelick, P, Kissela, B, Kasner, S, Lindley, R, Fulcher, G, Ounadjela, S, Hufert, K, von Ingersleben, G, Gaglia, J, Harris, R, Hudson, M, Turchin, A, Cheifetz, A, Sheth, S, Feuerstein, J, Cohen, S, Jardine, M, Li, N, Kolesnyk, I, Aizenberg, D, Pecoits-Filho, R, Cherney, D 3rd, Obrador, G, Chertow, G, Hawley, C, Ji, L, Wada, T, Jha, V, Lim, Sk, Lim-Abrahan, Ma, Santos, F, Chae, Dw, Hwang, Sj, Vazelov, E, Rychlík, I, Hadjadj, S, Krane, V, Rosivall, L, De Nicola, L, Dreval, A, Nowicki, M, Schiller, A, Distiller, L, Górriz, Jl, Kolesnyk, M, Morren, F, Goykhman, S, David, C, Yost, L, Wang, H, Hettiarachchi, M, Thimmaiah, R, Koppolu, D, George, S, Schmidt, M, Ignjatovic, J, Chapin, L, Travis, K, Destree, M, Sood, V, Coffee, L, De Brouwer, K, Zaviriukha, V, Starzec, A, Koizumi, M, Lin, G, Chen, E, Lin, P, Leia, C, Mascaro, D, Amigo, A, Limos, A, Abrahamsen, I, Jaffer, S, Ahuad Guerrero RA, Albisu, Jp, Alvarisqueta, A, Bartolacci, I, Berli, Ma, Bordonava, A, Calella, P, Cantero, Mc, Cartasegna, Lr, Cercos, E, Coloma, Gc, Colombo, H, Commendatore, V, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, Ca, Cusumano, Am, Douthat, Wg, Dran, Rd, Farias, E, Fernandez, Mf, Finkelstein, H, Fragale, G, Fretes, Jo, Garcia, Nh, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, Ja, Gonzalez, Jp, Gonzalez Colaso PDC, Goycoa, C, Greloni, Gc, Guinsburg, A, Hermida, S, Juncos, Li, Klyver, Mi, Kraft, F, Krynski, F, Lanchiotti, Pv, Leon de la Fuente RA, Marchetta, N, Mele, P, Nicolai, S, Novoa, Pa, Orio, Si, Otreras, F, Oviedo, A, Raffaele, P, Resk, Jh, Rista, L, Rodriguez Papini, N, Sala, J, Santos, Jc, Schiavi, Lb, Sessa, H, Smith Casabella, T, Ulla, Mr, Valdez, M, Vallejos, A, Villarino, A, Visco, Ve, Wassermann, A, Zaidman, Cj, Cheung, Nw, Droste, C, Fraser, I, Johnson, D, Mah, Pm, Nicholls, K, Packham, D, Proietto, J, Roberts, A, Roger, S, Tsang, V, Raduan, Ra, Alves da Costa FA, Amodeo, C, Andreotti Turatti LA, Bregman, R, Camelo Sanches FC, Canani, Lh, Chacra, Ar, Cunha Borges JL, Cunha Vêncio SA, da Silva Franco RJ, D'Avila, D, de Souza Portes, E, de Souza, P, Deboni, Lm, Filho, Ff, Geloneze Neto, B, Gomes, M, Kohara, Sk, Keitel, E, Kerr Saraiva JF, Kurtz Lisboa HR, de Carvalho Contieri FL, Milagres, R, Montenegro Junior, R, Moreira de Brito, C, Nazzer Hissa, M, Nazario Sabbag ÂR, Noronha, I, Panarotto, D, Pecoits Filho, R, Pereira, Ma, Saporito, W, Scotton, As, Schuch, T, Simões de Almeida, R, Slompo Ramos, C, Soares Felício, J, Thomé, F, Tibes Hachmann JC, Yamada, S, Yoiti Hayashida, C, Zanata Petry TB, Zanella, Mt, Andreeva, V, Angelova, A, Dimitrov, S, Genadieva, V, Genova-Hristova, G, Hristozov, K, Kamenov, Z, Koundurdjiev, A, Lozanov, L, Margaritov, V, Nonchev, B, Rangelov, R, Shinkov, A, Temelkova, M, Velichkova, E, Yakov, A, Aggarwal, N, Aronson, R, Bajaj, H, Chouinard, G, Conway, J, Cournoyer, S, Daroza, G, De Serres, S, Dubé, F, Goldenberg, R, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Henein, S, Khandwala, H, Leiter, L, Madore, F, Mcmahon, A, Muirhead, N, Pichette, V, Rabasa-Lhoret, R, Steele, A, Tangri, N, Torshizi, A, Woo, V, Zalunardo, N, Fernández Montenegro MA, Godoy Jorquera JG, Medina Fariña, M, Saavedra Gajardo, V, Vejar, M, Chen, N, Chen, Q, Gan, S, Kong, Y, Li, D, Li, W, Li, X, Lin, H, Liu, J, Lu, W, Mao, H, Ren, Y, Song, W, Sun, J, Sun, L, Tu, P, Wang, G, Yang, J, Yin, A, Yu, X, Zhao, M, Zheng, H, Accini Mendoza JL, Arcos, E, Avendano, J, Diaz Ruiz JEA, Garcia Ortiz LH, Gonzalez, A, Hernandez Triana, E, Higuera, Jd, Malaver, N, Molina de Salazar DI, Rosero, R, Terront Lozano MA, Valderrama Cometa, L, Valenzuela, A, Vargas Alonso RD, Villegas, I, Yupanqui, H, Bartaskova, D, Barton, P, Belobradkova, J, Dohnalova, L, Drasnar, T, Ferkl, R, Halciakova, K, Klokocnikova, V, Kovar, R, Lastuvka, J, Lukac, M, Pesickova, S, Peterka, K, Pumprla, J, Rychlik, I, Saudek, F, Tesar, V, Valis, M, Weiner, P, Zemek, S, Alamartine, E, Borot, S, Cariou, B, Dussol, B, Fauvel, Jp, Gourdy, P, Klein, A, Le Meur, Y, Penfornis, A, Roussel, R, Saulnier, Pj, Thervet, E, Zaoui, P, Burst, V, Faghih, M, Faulmann, G, Haller, H, Jerwan-Keim, R, Maxeiner, S, Paschen, B, Plassmann, G, Rose, L, Gonzalez Orellana RA, Haase, Fp, Moreira Diaz JP, Ramirez Roca LA, Sánchez Arenales JA, Sanchez Polo JV, Turcios Juarez, E, Csecsei, G, Csiky, B, Danos, P, Deak, L, Dudas, M, Harcsa, E, Keltai, K, Keresztesi, S, Kiss, K, Konyves, L, Major, L, Mileder, M, Molnar, M, Mucsi, J, Oroszlan, T, Ory, I, Paragh, G, Peterfai, E, Petro, G, Revesz, K, Takacs, R, Vangel, S, Vasas, S, Zsom, M, Abraham, O, Bhushan, Rs, Deepak, D, Edwin, Fm, Gopalakrishnan, N, Gracious, N, Hansraj, A, Jain, D, Keshavamurthy, Cb, Khullar, D, Manisha, S, Peringat, J, 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Soto, Mb, Ramos, Jc, Wong, Ac, Correa Rotter JR, Diaz Escalante, T, Enriquez Sosa FE, Flores Lozano, F, Flota Cervera LF, Frenk Baron, P, Garcia Ballesteros, C, Gomez Rangel JD, Herrera Jimenez LE, Irizar Santana SS, Jimenez Florez, F, Laviada Molina, H, Luna Ceballos RI, Martin Del Camp Blanco, B, Morales Franco, G, Moreno Loza OT, Mustieles Rocha, C, Obrador Vera, G, Orozco Castellanos, R, Peralta Calcaneo, J, Reyes Rosano MA, Rodriguez Pattzi, H, Rosas Guzman, J, Rucker Joerg IE, Saaveddra Sanchez SB, Sanchez Mijangos JH, Serrano Sanson, P, Tamayo, Y Orozco JA, Tellez Chavez, E, Valdes Depeda, A, Venegas Carrillo, L, Villagordoa Mesa, J, Zamarripa Escobedo, R, Baker, J, Noonan, P, Scott, R, Walker, R, Watson, E, Williams, M, Young, S, Abejuela, Z, Agra, J, Aquitania, G, Caringal, C, Comia, Rs, Delos Santos, L, Gomez, O, Jimeno, C, Tan, G, Tolentino, M, Yao, C, Yap, Ye, Ygpuara, Mdl, Bijata-Bronisz, R, Hotlos, L, Januszewicz, A, Kaczmarek, B, Kaminska, A, Lazuka, L, Madej, A, Mazur, S, Mlodawska-Choluj, D, Orlowska-Kowalik, G, Popenda, G, Rewerska, B, Sowinski, D, Angelescu, Lm, Anghel, V, Avram, Ri, Busegeanu, Mm, Cif, A, Cosma, D, Crisan, C, Demian, Ld, Ferariu, Ie, Halmagyi, I, Hancu, N, Munteanu, M, Negru, D, Onaca, Ag, Petrica, L, Popa, Ar, Ranetti, Ae, Serafinceanu, C, Toarba, C, Agafyina, A, Barbarash, O, Barysheva, O, Chizhov, D, Dobronravov, V, Glinkina, I, Grineva, E, Khirmanov, V, Kolmakova, E, Koroleva, T, Kvitkova, L, Marasaev, V, Mkrtumyan, A, Morugova, T, Nagibovich, G, Nagibovich, O, Nedogoda, S, Osipova, I, Raskina, T, Samoylova, Y, Sazonova, O, Shamkhalova, M, Shutemova, E, Shwartz, Y, Uriasyev, O, Vorobyev, S, Zateyshchikova, A, Zateyshshikov, D, Zykova, T, Antic, S, Djordjevic, M, Kendereski, A, Lalic, K, Lalic, N, Popovic-Radinovic, V, Babikova, J, Benusova, O, Buganova, I, Culak, J, Dzupina, A, Dzuponova, J, Fulop, P, Ilavska, A, Martinka, E, Ochodnicka, Z, Pella, D, Smatanova, I, Ahmed, F, Badat, A, Breedt, J, Govender, V, Govender, R, 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Trenche, S, Narayanan, M, Narvarte, J, Nassar, T, Newman, G, Nichol, B, Nicol, P, Nisnisan, J, Nossuli, Ak, Obialo, C, Olelewe, S, Oliver, M, O'Shaughnessy, A, Padron, J, Pankhaniya, R, Parker, R, Patel, D, Patel, G, Patel, N, Pavon, H, Perez, A, Perez, C, Perlman, A, Pettis, K, Pharr, W, Phillips, A, Purighalla, R, Quesada-Suarez, L, Ranjan, R, Rastogi, S, Rendell, M, Rich, L, Robinson, M, Rodriguez, H, Rosas, S, Saba, F, Sankaram, R, Sarin, R, Schreiman, R, Scott, D, Sekkarie, M, Sensenbrenner, J, Shakeel, M, Shanik, M, Shaw, S, Smith, S, Solomon, R, Sprague, A, Spry, L, Suchinda, P, Sultan, S, Surampudi, P, Sussman, S, Tan, A, Terrelonge, A, Thompson, M, Trespalacios, F, Trippe, B, Trueba, P, Twahirwa, M, Updegrove, J, Van Buren, P, Vannorsdall, M, Varghese, F, Velasquez-Mieyer, P, Ventrapragada, S, Vukotic, G, Wadud, K, Warren, M, Watson, H, Watts, R, Weiner, D, Welker, J, Welsh, J, Williams, S, Zaniewski-Singh, M., Perkovic, Vlado, Jardine, Meg J, Neal, Bruce, Bompoint, Severine, Heerspink, Hiddo J L, Charytan, David M, Edwards, Robert, Agarwal, Rajiv, Bakris, George, Bull, Scott, Cannon, Christopher P, Capuano, George, Chu, Pei-Ling, de Zeeuw, Dick, Greene, Tom, Levin, Adeera, Pollock, Carol, Wheeler, David C, Yavin, Yshai, Zhang, Hong, Zinman, Bernard, Meininger, Gary, Brenner, Barry M, Mahaffey, Kenneth W, collaborator: Perkovic, V, Mahaffey, Kw, Agarwal, R, Bakris, G, Brenner, Bm, Cannon, Cp, Charytan, Dm, de Zeeuw, D, Greene, T, Jardine, Mj, Heerspink, Hjl, Levin, A, Meininger, G, Neal, B, Pollock, C, Wheeler, Dc, Zhang, H, Zinman, B, Mcguire, Dk, Holman, R, Home, P, Scharfstein, D, Parfrey, P, Shahinfar, S, August, P, Chang, T, Sinha, Ad, Januzzi, J, Kolansky, D, Amerena, J, Hillis, G, Gorelick, P, Kissela, B, Kasner, S, Lindley, R, Fulcher, G, Ounadjela, S, Hufert, K, von Ingersleben, G, Gaglia, J, Harris, R, Hudson, M, Turchin, A, Cheifetz, A, Sheth, S, Feuerstein, J, Cohen, S, Jardine, M, Li, N, Kolesnyk, I, Aizenberg, D, Pecoits-Filho, R, Cherney, D 3rd, Obrador, G, Chertow, G, Hawley, C, Ji, L, Wada, T, Jha, V, Lim, Sk, Lim-Abrahan, Ma, Santos, F, Chae, Dw, Hwang, Sj, Vazelov, E, Rychlík, I, Hadjadj, S, Krane, V, Rosivall, L, De Nicola, L, Dreval, A, Nowicki, M, Schiller, A, Distiller, L, Górriz, Jl, Kolesnyk, M, Morren, F, Goykhman, S, David, C, Yost, L, Wang, H, Hettiarachchi, M, Thimmaiah, R, Koppolu, D, George, S, Schmidt, M, Ignjatovic, J, Chapin, L, Travis, K, Destree, M, Sood, V, Coffee, L, De Brouwer, K, Zaviriukha, V, Starzec, A, Koizumi, M, Lin, G, Chen, E, Lin, P, Leia, C, Mascaro, D, Amigo, A, Limos, A, Abrahamsen, I, Jaffer, S, Ahuad Guerrero, Ra, Albisu, Jp, Alvarisqueta, A, Bartolacci, I, Berli, Ma, Bordonava, A, Calella, P, Cantero, Mc, Cartasegna, Lr, Cercos, E, Coloma, Gc, Colombo, H, Commendatore, V, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, Ca, Cusumano, Am, Douthat, Wg, Dran, Rd, Farias, E, Fernandez, Mf, Finkelstein, H, Fragale, G, Fretes, Jo, Garcia, Nh, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, Ja, Gonzalez, Jp, Gonzalez Colaso, Pdc, Goycoa, C, Greloni, Gc, Guinsburg, A, Hermida, S, Juncos, Li, Klyver, Mi, Kraft, F, Krynski, F, Lanchiotti, Pv, Leon de la Fuente, Ra, Marchetta, N, Mele, P, Nicolai, S, Novoa, Pa, Orio, Si, Otreras, F, Oviedo, A, Raffaele, P, Resk, Jh, Rista, L, Rodriguez Papini, N, Sala, J, Santos, Jc, Schiavi, Lb, Sessa, H, Smith Casabella, T, Ulla, Mr, Valdez, M, Vallejos, A, Villarino, A, Visco, Ve, Wassermann, A, Zaidman, Cj, Cheung, Nw, Droste, C, Fraser, I, Johnson, D, Mah, Pm, Nicholls, K, Packham, D, Proietto, J, Roberts, A, Roger, S, Tsang, V, Raduan, Ra, Alves da Costa, Fa, Amodeo, C, Andreotti Turatti, La, Bregman, R, Camelo Sanches, Fc, Canani, Lh, Chacra, Ar, Cunha Borges, Jl, Cunha Vêncio, Sa, da Silva Franco, Rj, D'Avila, D, de Souza Portes, E, de Souza, P, Deboni, Lm, Filho, Ff, Geloneze Neto, B, Gomes, M, Kohara, Sk, Keitel, E, Kerr Saraiva, Jf, Kurtz Lisboa, Hr, de Carvalho Contieri, Fl, Milagres, R, Montenegro Junior, R, Moreira de Brito, C, Nazzer Hissa, M, Nazario Sabbag, Âr, Noronha, I, Panarotto, D, Pecoits Filho, R, Pereira, Ma, Saporito, W, Scotton, A, Schuch, T, Simões de Almeida, R, Slompo Ramos, C, Soares Felício, J, Thomé, F, Tibes Hachmann, Jc, Yamada, S, Yoiti Hayashida, C, Zanata Petry, Tb, Zanella, Mt, Andreeva, V, Angelova, A, Dimitrov, S, Genadieva, V, Genova-Hristova, G, Hristozov, K, Kamenov, Z, Koundurdjiev, A, Lozanov, L, Margaritov, V, Nonchev, B, Rangelov, R, Shinkov, A, Temelkova, M, Velichkova, E, Yakov, A, Aggarwal, N, Aronson, R, Bajaj, H, Chouinard, G, Conway, J, Cournoyer, S, Daroza, G, De Serres, S, Dubé, F, Goldenberg, R, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Henein, S, Khandwala, H, Leiter, L, Madore, F, Mcmahon, A, Muirhead, N, Pichette, V, Rabasa-Lhoret, R, Steele, A, Tangri, N, Torshizi, A, Woo, V, Zalunardo, N, Fernández Montenegro, Ma, Godoy Jorquera, Jg, Medina Fariña, M, Saavedra Gajardo, V, Vejar, M, Chen, N, Chen, Q, Gan, S, Kong, Y, Li, D, Li, W, Li, X, Lin, H, Liu, J, Lu, W, Mao, H, Ren, Y, Song, W, Sun, J, Sun, L, Tu, P, Wang, G, Yang, J, Yin, A, Yu, X, Zhao, M, Zheng, H, Accini Mendoza, Jl, Arcos, E, Avendano, J, Diaz Ruiz, Jea, Garcia Ortiz, Lh, Gonzalez, A, Hernandez Triana, E, Higuera, Jd, Malaver, N, Molina de Salazar, Di, Rosero, R, Terront Lozano, Ma, Valderrama Cometa, L, Valenzuela, A, Vargas Alonso, Rd, Villegas, I, Yupanqui, H, Bartaskova, D, Barton, P, Belobradkova, J, Dohnalova, L, Drasnar, T, Ferkl, R, Halciakova, K, Klokocnikova, V, Kovar, R, Lastuvka, J, Lukac, M, Pesickova, S, Peterka, K, Pumprla, J, Rychlik, I, Saudek, F, Tesar, V, Valis, M, Weiner, P, Zemek, S, Alamartine, E, Borot, S, Cariou, B, Dussol, B, Fauvel, Jp, Gourdy, P, Klein, A, Le Meur, Y, Penfornis, A, Roussel, R, Saulnier, Pj, Thervet, E, Zaoui, P, Burst, V, Faghih, M, Faulmann, G, Haller, H, Jerwan-Keim, R, Maxeiner, S, Paschen, B, Plassmann, G, Rose, L, Gonzalez Orellana, Ra, Haase, Fp, Moreira Diaz, Jp, Ramirez Roca, La, Sánchez Arenales, Ja, Sanchez Polo, Jv, Turcios Juarez, E, Csecsei, G, Csiky, B, Danos, P, Deak, L, Dudas, M, Harcsa, E, Keltai, K, Keresztesi, S, Kiss, K, Konyves, L, Major, L, Mileder, M, Molnar, M, Mucsi, J, Oroszlan, T, Ory, I, Paragh, G, Peterfai, E, Petro, G, Revesz, K, Takacs, R, Vangel, S, Vasas, S, Zsom, M, Abraham, O, Bhushan, R, Deepak, D, Edwin, Fm, Gopalakrishnan, N, Gracious, N, Hansraj, A, Jain, D, Keshavamurthy, Cb, Khullar, D, Manisha, S, Peringat, J, Prasad, N, Satyanarayana, Rk, Sreedhar, R, Sreelatha, M, Sudhakar, B, Vyasam, Rc, Bonadonna, R, Castellino, P, Ceriello, A, Chiovato, L, De Cosmo, S, Derosa, G, Di Carlo, A, Di Cianni, G, Frascà, G, Fuiano, G, Gambaro, G, Garibotto, G, Giorda, C, Malberti, F, Mandreoli, M, Mannucci, E, Orsi, E, Piatti, P, Santoro, D, Sasso, Fc, Serviddio, G, Stella, A, Trevisan, R, Veronelli, Am, Zanoli, L, Akiyama, H, Aoki, H, Asano, A, Iitsuka, T et al, Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), and Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET)

Subjects
Aged, Canagliflozin, Cardiovascular Diseases, Creatinine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Nephropathies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Diabetic nephropathy, Kidney Failure, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 03.02. Klinikai orvostan, Dapagliflozin, Chronic, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, EMPAGLIFLOZIN, General Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Type 2, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Nephropathy, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, General & Internal Medicine, CREDENCE Trial Investigators, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Science & Technology, business.industry, urogenital system, diabetic nephropathy, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, KIDNEY-DISEASE, medicine.disease, chemistry, business, Kidney disease
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to 300 to 5000) and were treated with renin-angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of

Published
2019

3. Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on stroke and atrial fibrillation in diabetic kidney disease: Results from the CREDENCE trial and meta-analysis

Author

Zhou, Z ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-7113, Jardine, MJ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0160-2375, Li, Q ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-8226, Neuen, BL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-8380, Cannon, CP, De Zeeuw, D, Edwards, R, Levin, A, Mahaffey, KW, Perkovic, V ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4257-7620, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Lindley, RI, Guerrero, RAA, Aizenberg, D, Albisu, JP, Alvarisqueta, A, Bartolacci, I, Berli, MA, Bordonava, A, Calella, P, Cantero, MC, Cartasegna, LR, Cercos, E, Coloma, GC, Colombo, H, Commendatore, V, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, CA, Cusumano, AM, Douthat, WG, Dran, RD, Farias, E, Fernandez, MF, Finkelstein, H, Fragale, G, Fretes, JO, Garcia, NH, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, JA, Gonzalez, JP, Del Carmen Gonzalez Colaso, P, Goycoa, C, Greloni, GC, Guinsburg, A, Hermida, S, Juncos, LI, Klyver, MI, Kraft, F, Krynski, F, Lanchiotti, PV, De La Fuente, RAL, Marchetta, N, Mele, P, Nicolai, S, Novoa, PA, Orio, SI, Otreras, F, Oviedo, A, Raffaele, P, Resk, JH, Rista, L, Papini, NR, Sala, J, Santos, JC, Schiavi, LB, Sessa, H, Casabella, TS, Ulla, MR, Valdez, M, Vallejos, A, Villarino, A, Visco, VE, Wassermann, A, Zaidman, CJ, Cheung, NW, Droste, C, Fraser, I, Johnson, D, Mah, PM, Nicholls, K, Packham, D, Proietto, J, Roberts, A, Roger, S, Tsang, V, Raduan, RA, Da Costa, FAA, Amodeo, C, Turatti, LAA, Bregman, R, Sanches, FCC, Canani, LH, Chacra, AR, Borges, JLC, Vêncio, SAC, Da Silva Franco, RJ, D'Avila, D, De Souza Portes, E, De Souza, P, Phillips, Andrea, Zhou, Z ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-7113, Jardine, MJ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0160-2375, Li, Q ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-8226, Neuen, BL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-8380, Cannon, CP, De Zeeuw, D, Edwards, R, Levin, A, Mahaffey, KW, Perkovic, V ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4257-7620, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Lindley, RI, Guerrero, RAA, Aizenberg, D, Albisu, JP, Alvarisqueta, A, Bartolacci, I, Berli, MA, Bordonava, A, Calella, P, Cantero, MC, Cartasegna, LR, Cercos, E, Coloma, GC, Colombo, H, Commendatore, V, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, CA, Cusumano, AM, Douthat, WG, Dran, RD, Farias, E, Fernandez, MF, Finkelstein, H, Fragale, G, Fretes, JO, Garcia, NH, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, JA, Gonzalez, JP, Del Carmen Gonzalez Colaso, P, Goycoa, C, Greloni, GC, Guinsburg, A, Hermida, S, Juncos, LI, Klyver, MI, Kraft, F, Krynski, F, Lanchiotti, PV, De La Fuente, RAL, Marchetta, N, Mele, P, Nicolai, S, Novoa, PA, Orio, SI, Otreras, F, Oviedo, A, Raffaele, P, Resk, JH, Rista, L, Papini, NR, Sala, J, Santos, JC, Schiavi, LB, Sessa, H, Casabella, TS, Ulla, MR, Valdez, M, Vallejos, A, Villarino, A, Visco, VE, Wassermann, A, Zaidman, CJ, Cheung, NW, Droste, C, Fraser, I, Johnson, D, Mah, PM, Nicholls, K, Packham, D, Proietto, J, Roberts, A, Roger, S, Tsang, V, Raduan, RA, Da Costa, FAA, Amodeo, C, Turatti, LAA, Bregman, R, Sanches, FCC, Canani, LH, Chacra, AR, Borges, JLC, Vêncio, SAC, Da Silva Franco, RJ, D'Avila, D, De Souza Portes, E, De Souza, P, and Phillips, Andrea

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-Analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-Analysis. RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: Total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]). CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect

Published
2021

4. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups

Author

Mahaffey, Kw, Jardine, Mj, Bompoint, S, Cannon, Cp, Neal, B, Heerspink, Hjl, Charytan, Dm, Edwards, R, Agarwal, R, Bakris, G, Bull, S, Capuano, G, de Zeeuw, D, Greene, T, Levin, A, Pollock, C, Sun, T, Wheeler, Dc, Yavin, Y, Zhang, H, Zinman, B, Rosenthal, N, Brenner, Bm, Perkovic, V, Guerrero, Raa, Aizenberg, D, Albisu, Jp, Alvarisqueta, A, Bartolacci, I, Berli, Ma, Bordonava, A, Calella, P, Cantero, Mc, Cartasegna, Lr, Cercos, E, Coloma, Gc, Colombo, H, Commendatore, V, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, Ca, Cusumano, Am, Douthat, Wg, Dran, Rd, Farias, E, Fernandez, Mf, Finkelstein, H, Fragale, G, Fretes, Jo, Garcia, Nh, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, Ja, Gonzalez, Jp, Colaso, Pdg, Goycoa, C, Greloni, Gc, Guinsburg, A, Hermida, S, Juncos, Li, Klyver, Mi, Kraft, F, Krynski, F, Lanchiotti, Pv, de la Fuente, Ral, Marchetta, N, Mele, P, Nicolai, S., Novoa, Pa, Orio, Si, Otreras, F, Oviedo, A, Raffaele, P, Resk, Jh, Rista, L, Papini, Nr, Sala, J, Santos, Jc, Schiavi, Lb, Sessa, H, Casabella, Ts, Ulla, Mr, Valdez, M, Vallejos, A, Villarino, A, Visco, Ve, Wassermann, A, Zaidman, Cj, Cheung, Nw, Droste, C, Fraser, I, Johnson, D, Mah, Pm, Nicholls, K, Packham, D, Proietto, J, Roberts, A, Roger, S, Tsang, V, Raduan, Ra, da Costa, Faa, Amodeo, C, Turatti, Laa, Bregman, R, Sanches, Fcc, Canani, Lh, Chacra, Ar, Cunha Borges, Jl, Vencio, Sac, Franco, Rjd, D'Avila, D, Portes, Ed, de Souza, P, Deboni, Lm, Fraige, F, Neto, Bg, Gomes, M, Kohara, Sk, Keitel, E, Saraiva, Jfk, Lisboa, Hrk, Contieri, Fld, Milagres, R, Montenegro, R, de Brito, Cm, Hissa, Mn, Sabbag, Arn, Noronha, I, Panarotto, D, Pecoits, R, Pereira, Ma, Saporito, W, Scotton, As, Schuch, T, de Almeida, Rs, Ramos, Cs, Felicio, Js, Thome, F, Hachmann, Jct, Yamada, S, Hayashida, Cy, Petry, Tbz, Zanella, Mt, Andreeva, V, Angelova, A, Dimitrov, S, Genadieva, V, Genova-Hristova, G, Hristozov, K, Kamenov, Z, Koundurdjiev, A, Lozanov, L, Margaritov, V, Nonchev, B, Rangelov, R, Shinkov, A., Temelkova, M, Velichkova, E, Yakov, A, Aggarwal, N, Aronson, R, Bajaj, H, Cherney, D, Chouinard, G, Conway, J, Cournoyer, S, Daroza, G, De Serres, S, Dube, F, Goldenberg, R, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Henein, S, Khandwala, H, Leiter, L, Madore, F, Mcmahon, A, Muirhead, N, Pichette, V, Rabasa-Lhoret, R, Steele, A, Tangri, N, Torshizi, A, Woo, V, Zalunardo, Nadia, Fernandez Montenegro, Maria Alicia, Godoy Jorquera, Juan Gonzalo, Medina Farina, Marcelo, Saavedra Gajardo, Victor, Vejar, Margarita, Chen, Nan, Chen, Qinkai, Gan, Shenglian, Kong, Yaozhong, Detian, Li, Wenge, Li, Xuemei, Li, Lin, Hongli, Liu, Jian, Weiping, Lu, Mao, Hong, Ren, Yan, Song, Weihong, Sun, Jiao, Sun, Lin, Ping, Tu, Wang, Guixia, Yang, Jinkui, Yin, Aiping, Xueqing, Yu, Zhao, Minghui, Zheng, Hongguang, Accini Mendoza, Jose Luis, Arcos, Edgar, Avendano, Jorge, Diaz Ruiz, Jorge Ernesto Andres, Garcia Ortiz, Luis Hernando, Gonzalez, Alexander, Hernandez Triana, Eric, Diego Higuera, Juan, Malaver, Natalia, Ines Molina de Salazar, Dora, Rosero, Ricardo, Terront Lozano, Monica Alexandra, Valderrama Cometa, Luis, Valenzuela, Alex, Vargas Alonso, Ruben Dario, Villegas, Ivan, Yupanqui, Hernan, Bartaskova, Dagmar, Barton, Petr, Belobradkova, Jana, Dohnalova, Lenka, Drasnar, Tomas, Ferkl, Richard, Halciakova, Katarina, Klokocnikova, Vera, Kovar, Richard, Lastuvka, Jiri, Lukac, Martin, Pesickova, Satu, Peterka, Karel, Pumprla, Jiri, Rychlik, Ivan, Saudek, Frantisek, Tesar, Vladimir, Valis, Martin, Weiner, Pavel, Zemek, Stanislav, Alamartine, Eric, Borot, Sophie, Cariou, Bertrand, Dussol, Bertrand, Fauvel, Jean-Pierre, Gourdy, Pierre, Klein, Alexandre, Le Meur, Yannick, Penfornis, Alfred, Roussel, Ronan, Saulnier, Pierre-Jean, Thervet, Eric, Zaoui, Philippe, Burst, Volker, Faghih, Markus, Faulmann, Grit, Haller, Hermann, Jerwan-Keim, Reinhold, Maxeiner, Stephan, Paschen, Bjoern, Plassmann, Georg, Rose, Ludger, Gonzalez Orellana, Ronaldo Arturo, Paul Haase, Franklin, Moreira Diaz, Juan Pablo, Ramirez Roca, Luis Alberto, Sanchez Arenales, Jose Antonio, Sanchez Polo, Jose Vicente, Turcios Juarez, Erick, Csecsei, Gyongyi, Csiky, Botond, Danos, Peter, Deak, Laszlo, Dudas, Mihaly, Harcsa, Eleonora, Keltai, Katalin, Keresztesi, Sandor, Kiss, Konyves, Laszlo, Major, Lajos, Mileder, Margit, Molnar, Marta, Mucsi, Janos, Oroszlan, Tamas, Ory, Ivan, Paragh, Gyorgy, Peterfai, Eva, Petro, Gizella, Revesz, Katalin, Takacs, Robert, Vangel, Sandor, Vasas, Szilard, Zsom, Marianna, Abraham, Oomman, Bhushan, Raju Sree, Deepak, Dewan, Edwin, Fernando M., Gopalakrishnan, Natarajan, Gracious, Noble, Hansraj, Alva, Jain, Dinesh, Keshavamurthy, C. B., Khullar, Dinesh, Manisha, Sahay, Peringat, Jayameena, Prasad, Narayan, Satyanarayana, Rao K., Sreedhar, Reddy, Sreelatha, Melemadathil, Sudhakar, Bhimavarapu, Vyasam, Ramesh Chandra, Bonadonna, Riccardo, Castellino, Pietro, Ceriello, Antonio, Chiovato, Luca, De Cosmo, Salvatore, De Nicola, Luca, Derosa, Giuseppe, Di Carlo, Alberto, Di Cianni, Graziano, Frasca, Giovanni, Fuiano, Giorgio, Gambaro, Giovanni, Garibotto, Giacomo, Giorda, Carlo, Malberti, Fabio, Mandreoli, Marcora, Mannucci, Edoardo, Orsi, Emanuela, Piatti, Piermarco, Santoro, Domenico, Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo, Serviddio, Gaetano, Stella, Andrea, Trevisan, Roberto, Veronelli, Anna Maria, Zanoli, Luca, Akiyama, Hitoshi, Aoki, Hiromi, Asano, Akimichi, Iitsuka, Tadashi, Kajiyama, Shizuo, Kashine, Susumu, Kawada, Toshio, Kodera, Takamoto, Kono, Hiroshi, Koyama, Kazunori, Kumeda, Yasuro, Miyauchi, Shozo, Mizuyama, Kazuyuki, Niiya, Tetsuji, Oishi, Hiroko, Ota, Satoshi, Sakakibara, Terue, Takai, Masahiko, Tomonaga, Osamu, Tsujimoto, Mitsuru, Wada, Takashi, Wakasugi, Masakiyo, Wakida, Yasushi, Watanabe, Takayuki, Yamada, Masayo, Yanagida, Kazuhiro, Yanase, Toshihiko, and Yumita, Wataru

Subjects
Male, Risk, primary prevention, canagliflozin, clinical trial, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, chronic, secondary prevention, renal insufficiency, Double-Blind Method, Original Research Articles, Humans, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Proportional Hazards Models, canagliflozin, clinical trial, diabetes mellitus, primary prevention, renal insufficiency, chronic, secondary prevention, Middle Aged, Placebo Effect, chronic, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Female
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but effects on specific cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain, as are effects in people without previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). Methods: In CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo on a background of optimized standard of care. Results: Primary prevention participants (n=2181, 49.6%) were younger (61 versus 65 years), were more often female (37% versus 31%), and had shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (15 years versus 16 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (n=2220, 50.4%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67–0.95]; P=0.01), with consistent reductions in both the primary (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49–0.94]) and secondary (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69–1.06]) prevention groups (P for interaction=0.25). Effects were also similar for the components of the composite including cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61–1.00]), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59–1.10]), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56–1.15]). The risk of the primary composite renal outcome and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure were also consistently reduced in both the primary and secondary prevention groups (P for interaction >0.5 for each outcome). Conclusions: Canagliflozin significantly reduced major cardiovascular events and kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, including in participants who did not have previous cardiovascular disease. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02065791.

Published
2019

5. The Canagliflozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) Study Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics

Author

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Aa, Villegas, I, Visco, Ve, Vizir, V, Vlasenko, M, Vyasam, Rc, Wada, T, Wadud, K, Wahba, M, Wakasugi, M, Wakeling, J, Wakida, Y, Walker, JOHN RICHARD, Wang, G, Warren, M, Wassermann, A, Watanabe, T, Watson, E, Watts, R, Weiner, P, Weiner, D, Welsh, J, Wheeler, D, Williams, M, Winocour, P, Woo, V, Yamada, M, Yanagida, K, Yanase, T, Yang, J, Yao, C, Yap, Ye, Ygpuara, Mdl, Yin, A, Yoiti Hayashida, C, Yoon, Kh, Young, S, Yu, X, Yumita, W, Yupanqui, H, Zaidman, Cj, Zamarripa Escobedo, R, Zanata Petry, Tb, Zanella, Mt, Zaoui, P, Zavaroni, I, Zemek, S, Zhang, H, Zhao, M, Zheng, H, Zlova, T, Zsom, M, and Zykova, T.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, ALBUMINURIA, Urology, Renal function, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, PROGRESSION, Type 2 diabetes, Diabetic nephropathy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE, CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES, Nephropathy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Chronic kidney disease, medicine, 03.02. Klinikai orvostan, Renal outcome, Canagliflozin, Science & Technology, ATRIAL-NATRIURETIC-PEPTIDE, IRBESARTAN, GFR DECLINE, business.industry, 1103 Clinical Sciences, KIDNEY-DISEASE, Urology & Nephrology, medicine.disease, Renal outcomes, Nephrology, COLLABORATIVE METAANALYSIS, Albuminuria, Original Report: Patient-Oriented, Translational Research, LOSARTAN, medicine.symptom, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, CREDENCE study investigators, medicine.drug, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background: People with diabetes and kidney disease have a high risk of cardiovascular events and progression of kidney disease. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors lower plasma glucose by reducing the uptake of filtered glucose in the kidney tubule, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion. They have been repeatedly shown to induce modest natriuresis and reduce HbA1c, blood pressure, weight, and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of these agents on kidney and cardiovascular events have not been extensively studied in patients with type 2 diabetes and established kidney disease. Methods: The Canagliflozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin ­versus placebo at preventing clinically important kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and established kidney disease. CREDENCE is a randomized, double-blind, event-driven, placebo-controlled trial set in in 34 countries with a projected duration of ∼5.5 years and enrolling 4,401 adults with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 to 2, and albuminuria (urinary albumin:creatinine ratio >300 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (α = 0.05), the composite of end-stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine, and renal or cardiovascular death. Conclusion: CREDENCE will provide definitive evidence about the effects of canagliflozin on renal (and cardiovascular) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and established kidney disease. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2013-004494-28; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02065791.

Published
2017

6. Achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals in 18 countries outside Western Europe: The International ChoLesterol management Practice Study (ICLPS).

Author

Danchin N, Almahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, Azuri J, Berrah A, Cuneo CA, Karpov Y, Kaul U, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Mitchenko O, Ruiz AJ, Aguilar Salinas CA, Santos RD, Mercier F, and Blom D

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Anticholesteremic Agents adverse effects, Biomarkers blood, Cardiovascular Diseases blood, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Down-Regulation, Dyslipidemias blood, Dyslipidemias diagnosis, Dyslipidemias epidemiology, Female, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking epidemiology, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Anticholesteremic Agents therapeutic use, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Dyslipidemias drug therapy
Abstract

Background Little is known about the achievement of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets in patients at cardiovascular risk receiving stable lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in countries outside Western Europe. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 452 centres (August 2015-August 2016) in 18 countries in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Patients ( n = 9049) treated for ≥3 months with any LLT and in whom an LDL-C measurement on stable LLT was available within the previous 12 months were included. Results The mean±SD age was 60.2 ± 11.7 years, 55.0% of patients were men and the mean ± SD LDL-C value on LLT was 2.6 ± 1.3 mmol/L (101.0 ± 49.2 mg/dL). At enrolment, 97.9% of patients were receiving a statin (25.3% on high intensity treatment). Only 32.1% of the very high risk patients versus 51.9% of the high risk and 55.7% of the moderate risk patients achieved their LDL-C goals. On multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with not achieving LDL-C goals were no (versus lower dose) statin therapy, a higher (versus lower) dose of statin, statin intolerance, overweight and obesity, female sex, neurocognitive disorders, level of cardiovascular risk, LDL-C value unknown at diagnosis, high blood pressure and current smoking. Diabetes was associated with a lower risk of not achieving LDL-C goals. Conclusions These observational data suggest that the achievement of LDL-C goals is suboptimal in selected countries outside Western Europe. Efforts are needed to improve the management of patients using combination therapy and/or more intensive LLTs.

Published
2018
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7. Prevention of electrocardiographic and histopathologic alterations in the murine model of Chagas' disease by preinoculation of an attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi strain.

Author

Cuneo CA, Molina de Raspi E, and Basombrio MA

Subjects
Animals, Arrhythmias, Cardiac prevention & control, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, Chagas Disease immunology, Electrocardiography, Immunization, Myocardium pathology
Abstract

The effects of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi on the electrocardiographic tracings of mice were studied in 4 groups of animals: (1) normal; (2) infected with a pathogenic T. cruzi strain (TS COB); (3) immunized with 3 intraperitoneal inocula of 10(6) attenuated T. cruzi epimastigotes (TCC) and (4) immunized-infected, which sequentially received the treatments of groups 3 and 2. Infection and protection were confirmed by xenodiagnosis and histopathology. Isolated alterations such as extrasystolia, 1st degree atrioventricular block, arrhythmia and ST elevation were observed in normal as well as infected mice. However, tracings taken repeatedly on each mouse over a 293 day period revealed a set of alterations which were more frequently seen in infected (14/22) than in normal (4/27) animals (p = 0.00048). These alterations consisted of supraventricular tachycardia, sinus bradycardia and persisting, first degree AV blocks, often associated to pacemaker changes. Inoculation of attenuated T. cruzi (group 3) did not increase these alterations (2/27 mice) but significantly prevented their development after challenge with the pathogenic strain (1/19 versus 14/22 mice, p = 0.000095). Thus, preimmunization reduced not only parasitemia but also a pathogenic consequence of T. cruzi infection. This evidence is relevant for immunoprevention studies against Chagas' disease.

Published
1989
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