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The olive oil sector in Greece is a sector of special importance not only for agriculture but for the whole Greek economy. Despite the dynamic presents, olive oil manufacturing firms have to face many problems such as structural problems, low technological exploitation, and differences in the product price from producers to consumers. On the other hand, competitiveness is a concept difficult to measure and define accurately but is usually estimated either with Porter's five forces or with the use of financial indexes -- the method also selected for this paper (Fischer & Schornberg, 2007). As a result the competitiveness estimation of these firms and as an extension the choice of the proper development strategies from them takes great importance and constitutes the aim of the current work. In addition, it is coming to fill the existing gap in the literature for the Greek olive oil sector. The main findings show that both the two largest olive oil manufacturing firms in terms of market share in the under study area have satisfactory results in terms of profitability, liquidity, and capital structure while the right investments of their profits may lead to the solution of their competitiveness problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims at conceptualizing time-driven activity-based budgeting and cleaner production (CP) techniques and their integration in achieving sustainable competitive advantage by applying them at Kufa Cement Factory, an economic unit under the Iraqi Ministry of Industry. The research reached several crucial conclusions. Two techniques are integrated as a hybrid model based on time-driven activity budgeting with CP for the reciprocal relationship between contemporary management accounting techniques. This model gets rid of environmental problems, identifies idle energy as output from the time-driven activity-based budget, and uses it for increasing the production, sales, and profitability. The most important recommendation is that strategic thinking should be leveraged for economic unit management and competitive advantage as it is characterized by strong insights, environmental sensing, etc. It can analyze and interpret the information and has a comprehensive knowledge on various aspects of the economic unit and its requirements. The strategies must be defined to leverage the manpower and resources and translate the goals into victory.

Given the contradictory antecedents of the relationship between structural social capital and new product performance, a research gap has emerged that leads us to propose the research objective of determining the indirect effect of knowledge assimilation and architectural marketing capability on the relationship between structural social capital and new product performance. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 300 tourism firms in Arequipa (Peru). The results reveal that knowledge assimilation and architectural marketing capabilities have indirect effects on the relationship between structural social capital and new product performance. The findings have implications for the interest of academics at the theoretical level and practical implications for firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic wines have become increasingly important in recent years in Germany. A constant stream of new market players and products is evidence of a dynamic market development and for the creation of a new branch in the highly competitive wine sector. Thus, the central aim of this article is to provide a first analysis of the structure of the German market for non-alcoholic wines in order to derive implications for industry competition and possible competitive strategies of individual market participants. An explorative research approach has been applied including indepth interviews with experts from various companies along the value chain (n=24). Results show that competition in the market for non-alcoholic wines must be regarded as dynamic due to strong external market forces. A high risk of new companies entering the market can be emphasised as well as the high bargaining power of the retail and a high threat of substitutes. Within the industry, however, rivalry is currently considered to be low, resulting in low profitability and a tendency towards high fluctuation of market participants. With regard to possible competitive strategies it becomes clear that especially for smaller wineries, a long-term successful survival within the market can only be realised with strong differentiation. Ultimately, the transfer of the products into an own category which departs from the classic image of non-alcoholic wine represents a promising approach in order to address entirely new target groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Strategic & Social Research is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Social Science Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to examine the moderating effect of corporate reputation on the relationship between competitive strategies and performance of accredited universities in Kenya. The corresponding null hypothesis stated that corporate reputation has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between competitive strategies and the performance of accredited universities in Kenya. Corporate reputation was measured using its six dimensions, namely, quality programs, quality services, quality management, quality leadership and capacity to attract and retain talented staff. The study was guided by two theories, namely, Industrial Organization (IO) and Resource based theory. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional descriptive survey design. Primary data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire which was administered to academic registrars from 53 accredited universities in Kenya. The response rate was 66.6%. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize and make inference from the research findings. The moderating effect of corporate reputation was tested using step wise regression method advanced by Baron and Kenny (1986). The study concluded that corporate reputation did not moderate the relationship between competitive strategies and performance of accredited universities in Kenya. However, descriptive statistics on measures of corporate reputation had an average mean score of 3.99 which indicates that managers in accredited universities agreed to a great extent on the importance of applying corporate reputation measures. Thus, emphasis on four measures whose mean scores ranged from, 4.031 to 4.156, above the average means score was recommended, namely, quality programs or quality services, strong management and leadership, capacity to attract and retain talented staff, benchmarking academic program/services with other highly rated universities and the perception that accredited universities are reliable institutions for academic training and research. Future research could explore different functional forms or non-linear relationships between variables since corporate reputation did not have sufficient evidence to conclude a significant linear relationship between competitive strategies and performance of accredited universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the limited resources of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), they can still manage to be competitive and survive in the current environment by implementing competitive strategies that lead to innovation and improve their market performance. The aim of this study is to examine and analyse the effect of business strategy on market performance in Spanish small and medium-sized entrepreneurial enterprises, and the mediating effect of innovation is explored as a solution to business crises. In addition, we analyse the moderating effect that the perceived risk of COVID-19 may have on this relationship, as well as whether the commercialisation capacity of SMEs exerts an impact and improves performance based on innovation. Taking 1,842 Spanish entrepreneurial firms with fewer than 250 employees as a reference and using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), our study shows that entrepreneurial SMEs that apply a competitive strategy can achieve enhanced innovation. Moreover, this innovation has a direct and positive effect on the market performance of SMEs, and this effect is greater under higher marketing capability. Our findings suggest a heterogeneous effect on the impact of the perceived risk of COVID-19 on the strategy-innovation relationship. In entrepreneurial SMEs that adopt a differentiation strategy, the perceived risk has an enhancing impact, while in entrepreneurial SMEs that follow cost strategies, the effect is negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Most studies explore the success of mergers and acquisitions through ex ante analyses based on the compatibility of resources and capabilities between the acquirer and target. As more than half of them fail, there seems to be room for enhancing our understanding of when and how acquisitions can actually improve firms' competitiveness. Diverging from these conventional approaches, the authors posit that attention should be at the strategic level. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to explore the existence of compatibility between acquirers' and targets' competitive strategies and its effect on post-acquisition business performance. Design/methodology/approach: Through the Thomson Reuters Eikon financial and acquisition databases, the authors built a unique data panel of 174 acquirer–target matched acquisitions in the manufacturing sector from 24 different countries between 2000 and 2020. The authors used a two-step System-GMM approach to address the hypotheses proposed in this paper. This methodology allowed to isolate and easily compare the differential effects of each possible combination of strategic similarity and dissimilarity between the target and acquiring company on the latter's post-acquisition strategies. Findings: The need to unravel the motives behind successful acquisitions has gained enormous interest in recent years among academics and managers to improve – or maintain – firm competitiveness. Through a panel data of 174 acquisitions among manufacturing firms (2000–2020), this study shows that differentiated firms improve their business performance by acquiring firms with similar strategies; nevertheless, their performance worsens if the acquired firm follows a cost-leadership strategy. Concerning acquirers with a cost-leadership strategy, the lack of clear behavioral patterns suggests that the lower knowledge absorption capacity associated with these firms might be a decisive factor in being able to assimilate and efficiently exploit the acquired firm's knowledge. Originality/value: Overall, this approach offers a new and valuable perspective for practitioners because it improves understanding of the possible causes of merger failure and opens new attentions to consider in maximizing success and long-term competitiveness. The results of this study bring, thus, an unexpected result to this research: the importance of the acquirer's strategy beyond the similarity or dissimilarity of the strategies of the acquirer and the acquired company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism sector in Greece has shown very important points of recovery, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, being one of the steam engines of the Greek economy, contributing to its all-important economic terms and parameters. The above elements make the sector highly competitive, and the assessment of its competitiveness as well as the choice of the appropriate development strategies is a matter of particular importance (Chikan et al., 2022). On the other hand, competitiveness is a wide concept which can be estimated either using the Porter’s Diamond Model or financial indexes (Fischer & Schornberg, 2007). Taking this into account, the purpose of this paper is to assess the competitiveness of three of the largest Greek hotel units in economic terms with the use of financial indexes, as well as to determine the most suitable strategies for their further development, trying to fill the existing gap in the literature for the tourism hotel sector in Greece. The main results show that improving indicators such as liquidity and maintaining a good capital structure contribute to maintaining the sector’s sustainability and its further development holding special importance both for academics and policymakers taking into consideration the contribution of tourism to the whole Greek economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RAN - Revista Academia & Negocios is the property of RAN - Revista Academia & Negocios, Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to describe the framework for developing competitive strategies for schools using “Clarinet” (clustering and networking) models, as well as to assess the feasibility of the development guide for competitive strategies in “Clarinet” models. This research uses a qualitative approach with the Research and Development (R&D) method by Borg and Gall. Data collection is conducted through questionnaires, documentation studies, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Data collection is done through documentation studies, interviews, questionnaires, and focus group discussions. The data analysis is conducted through the triangulation of techniques and sources. The results show that the validation test for the feasibility of the model and competitive strategies by education management experts yielded 88%, and marketing management experts yielded 96%. The research results indicate that the trial of the competitive strategy product using clustering and networking models is approximately 94% (very good/very valid). It is concluded that the competitive strategy within clustering and networking models is worthy of implementation to enhance the interest of students.

The article explores the role of eco-marketing in shaping competitive strategies within the energy sector, highlighting its impact on pricing, sales, and operational costs. Topics discussed include the integration of eco-marketing into business strategies, its effects on competitive advantage, and its influence on sustainable practices in energy companies.

Amaç: Firmalarda uygulanan rekabet stratejilerinin firma performansına etkisini ortaya koymak ve rekabet avantajında hangi stratejinin daha fazla tercih edildiğini belirlemektir.Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemi Van’da faaliyet gösteren 359 adet KOBİ’den oluşmaktadır. Firmalar hakkındaki bilgiler anket yöntemi ile toplanmış ve analizler SPSS 23 ve AMOS 24 ile yapılmıştır. Veri analizleri için firmaların özelliklerine ilişkin tanımlayıcı frekans analizleri yapılmış, normallik dağılımı analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Rekabet stratejilerinin (𝑅2=0,10; F=39,71; p

In the context of globalisation, the sustainability of traditional manufacturing sectors depends on the ability of firms to modernise and diversify. To remain competitive against emerging economies in high-volume and low-technology areas, firms must engage in high-value manufacturing. This paper uses theoretical underpinnings from strategic management and place-based approaches to provide a historical account of competitive strategies of traditional manufacturing firms in the West Midlands region of the UK between 2010 and 2012 where the automotive, ceramics, glass and clothing sectors are examined. The research methodology is based on critical realist philosophy, which emphasizes an in-depth understanding of firm behaviour and acknowledges sensitivity to differences in decision-making. The paper highlights the complexity of competitive behaviour, which is influenced by enabling and constraining factors. While the evidence presented in the paper is from 2010 to 2012, it emphasizes the need for a participatory, farsighted, and proactive policy approach to retain the historic industrial character of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic & Managerial Researshes is the property of Faculty of Economic Sciences, Commercial & Managerial Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of the study is the process of formation and implementation of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets. The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between the globalization of markets and the development of competitive strategies of enterprises, as well as to provide recommendations to enterprises on the development of effective competitive strategies that take into account global trends and the peculiarities of local markets. The methodological basis of the article can be various research approaches and methods, depending on the specific orientation. The methods of economic analysis are used, in particular, comparative analysis of various competitive strategies, SWOT analysis, Porter's analysis, and others. Also used are methods of sociological research, in particular surveys of various groups of stakeholders, or methods of practical experience, including case studies of successful enterprises and their strategies. Results of the article. It has been established that in the conditions of globalization of markets, enterprises must develop competitive strategies that take into account the trends of global market development and the peculiarities of competition in different regions of the world. The main factors influencing the development of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets are identified, in particular: changes in the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological environment, the growth of competition, changes in consumer requirements, the strengthening of the influence of regulatory bodies, etc. The main strategies that can be applied by enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets, such as: differentiation strategies, cost reduction strategies, focusing strategies and combined strategies, are studied. It was found that the success of the company's competitive strategy in the conditions of globalization of markets depends on several factors, in particular: choosing the right strategy, effective management of resources, adaptation to local conditions and interaction with partners. Recommendations are given on the development and implementation of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets, in particular: analyze trends in the development of the global market. An additional result is the identification of key factors that influence the formation and implementation of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets. This enables enterprises to more effectively adapt to changing market conditions and develop their strategies based on the analysis of these factors. Field of application of results. The recommendations for the development of competitive strategies that have been formulated can be used by enterprises of various sizes and industries that wish to compete in international markets. In particular, the research can be useful for managers who are responsible for the development of company strategies, as well as for researchers and teachers who deal with problems of competitiveness of enterprises. Conclusions. The development of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets is an important factor in their success and preservation of competitiveness. Effective selection and implementation of strategies requires a deep analysis of external and internal environmental factors, a thorough study of the competitive field, and the use of modern strategic management tools.

In this article marketing strategies of smartphone manufacturers are investigated from the position of influence on the Russian market conditions. The underlying goal of the research is to develop a variant of the transition of the Russian smartphone market to growth. In order to achieve this goal the following objectives were set and solved: to illustrate changes in the alignment of forces in the market since the beginning of the SMO, to analyze Porter’s forces pressure on manufacturers, to offer marketing strategies for key players in the new conditions. The developed version of the transition of the smartphone market to growth involves updating the relationship of smartphone manufacturers with their suppliers and their competitive strategies, as a result of which the brands’ products will cover the needs of all major consumer segments.

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of competitive strategies (CS) in the relationship between HRM practices and company performance (CP). Although the existing literature adequately addresses HRM practices and CS, there is limited empirical evidence linking internal resources and strategies with CP. Therefore, using the contingency approach, this study uncovers the role of CS in realizing the potential impact of HRM practices on CP. The data used to test, explore, and develop the moderating role of CS were collected from 157 manufacturing companies and analyzed using hierarchical linear regression. The results show a positive effect of HRM practices and CS on CP. The results also show that cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy moderate the relationship between HRM practices and CP. The theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.

AbstractCompetitive pressure has resulted in fierce competition among agrodealer businesses, with market share margins being divided among industry participants. This paper empirically investigates the main competitiveness drivers in Kenyan agro-dealer businesses. The study employed an exploratory research design, with primary data collected via face-to-face interviews from a sample of 110 agro-dealer businesses focusing on financial data for 2019. Business age, promotions strategies, entrepreneurship skills, and business expenditure were found to be positive competitiveness drivers, while competitive rivalry and branding were found to be constraining drivers. A policy to strengthen agro-dealer businesses’ financial systems is an important step towards encouraging the adoption of new technology that will allow them to reduce operational costs while increasing revenues and ensuring proper resource utilization. Agro-dealer businesses should aim to increase their market share by utilizing promotions strategies (social media adverts, referral marketing and pull marketing) to both potential and prospective customers.

What does the decision to designate China as a "long-term strategic competitor" imply for U.S. defence strategy? To address this question, we draw on net assessment and competitive strategies, two complementary frameworks developed in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) during the Cold War to understand and manage long-term competition with the Soviet Union, respectively. Net assessment and competitive strategies are tailored around specific competitors and follow a characteristically dialectical approach to strategic planning, based on complex, recursive calculations of move and countermove. We argue that the identification of China as a long-term strategic competitor has paved the way for an increasingly systematic application of net assessment and competitive strategies within DoD, even if obstacles to such application still remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the instrumental stakeholder theory lens, we examine how generic competitive strategies influence the link between stakeholder management (SM) and firm financial performance. We develop a framework that highlights the synergistic effects of a differentiation strategy on SM but also the trade-offs between a cost leadership strategy and SM in their consequences for financial performance. We test our theoretical mechanism further by distinguishing between primary and secondary stakeholders, who differ in their degree of firm specificity and instrumentality. We propose that for firms pursuing a low-cost competitive advantage, secondary SM intensifies the trade-offs between SM and financial performance when compared with primary SM, whereas both primary and secondary SM are likely to improve financial performance for differentiators. Empirical analyses using a panel data set of S&P 500 firms over a 15-year period (2005–2019) and a series of robustness tests support our predictions. Our findings highlight important boundary conditions for SM's impact on firms' financial performance and highlight not only "when SM pays" but also "when SM may not pay." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate the effect of generic positioning strategies (cost leadership and product differentiation), adopted in pure or hybrid form, on firms’ performance and to verify the moderating effect of product market competition in this relationship. A sample with 11,322 firm-year (2008-2019) observations, including data from firms in the G20 countries, was analyzed through logistic regression models. The competition level in the product market is measured using the Herfindahl-Hirshman index. The results indicate that firms adopting a hybrid strategy are more likely to achieve good performances than the others. The relationship between strategic positioning and operational performance is moderated by product market competitiveness level. In a low competition market, the adoption of a strategy is unnecessary. For low to medium levels of competition, pure strategy appears superior. In highly competitive environments, the hybrid strategy is more advantageous. This study brings a new discussion about choosing a more advantageous positioning strategy, in which the main issue is not which positioning strategy is superior, but under what conditions of the market environment the adoption of the hybrid strategy is related to superior performance. Contributing to advance in this research field, our outputs suggest that the effect of the positioning strategy on performance is moderated by the product market competition. The effort to establish a hybrid strategy is advantageous in highly competitive environments.

The endurance of chain markets in the retail sector, where competition is increasing rapidly, depends on their ability to use competitive strategies. The study aims to investigate the competitive strategies of two chain markets operating in the retail sector in Türkiye, which rank first in terms of market share development and concentration ratios in their categories, in terms of product and process. A case study research was conducted to analyze the competitive strategies of the Migros and BİM chain markets included in this scope, considering their 2020 annual reports. The results of the analysis show that both companies apply both cost leadership and differentiation strategies in their products and processes, but they apply differentiation strategy more than cost leadership strategy. While BİM uses cost leadership strategies relatively more than MİGROS, MİGROS uses process differentiation strategies relatively more than BİM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fierce competition experienced in every field in our era together with globalization expands day by day and affects wider areas. One of the sectors in which this competition is experienced is the education sector. Higher education institutions are competing with each other, both nationally and internationally, especially to take place in the high rankings in the international university ranking indices. The present study seeks to examine the relationship between competitive strategies of universities operating in Turkey with human resource management practices. For this purpose, universities operating in Turkey were chosen and their competitive strategies and human resources management practices were examined. Research results revealed that there is a positive relationship between human resource management practices and competitive strategies of the universities studied. It was also observed that human resources management practices have a significant and positive effect on both differentiation and competitive strategies. In addition the results showed that competitive strategies have a significant and positive effect on human resources management patice and rewarding-performance, career, training and development and worker health and job security activities, which are human resources management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, it is an accepted fact that the way for businesses to be competitive under the hard conditions they are in is possible through innovation. Thanks to innovation, it is possible to adapt to technological developments, to respond to the changes required by the age, and to make competition sustainable. This article aims to test whether there is a meaningful difference between the perception of competitive position and innovation level. To determine 225 businesses located in the İnegöl district of Bursa and members of the IMOS association constitute the research universe. The sample frame is 384 business owners and managers taking place in these businesses. Data were collected using a face-to-face survey technique. The data obtained because of the survey were tested with factor, reliability, frequency, correlation, T-Test and ANOVA analyses using SPSS. As a result of the analyzes made, the perceptions of the product, strategy, process and market innovation, which are the sub-dimensions of the innovation level variable, show significant differences according to the companies’ entry into the market as first movers and followers, their competitiveness and branding levels. It has been determined that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables in the study and the sub-dimensions of the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya University Graduate School of Business Journal (SAUGSB-J) / Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Sakarya University Journal of Business Administration Institute (SAUIED) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cloud services are transforming business and government at an ever-increasing rate. As a form of cloud service, software as a service (SaaS) is one of the fast growing segments of the information technology and has become an attractive alternative to the on-premises software. In this paper, we study the optimal pricing strategies of a cloud service provider in an incumbent-entrant setting under user upgrade cost and switching cost. Our results show that in equilibrium the market structure is not unique. The specific market segmentation depends on the incumbent's pricing strategy whether to provide discounted price to its old customers and the levels of user upgrade cost and switching cost. When faced with customers who are heterogeneous in the sensitivity to the related costs, the incumbent firm may need to offer a discount to the new customers rather than to those who have purchased from it. This implies that the entry of a SaaS firm into the market is a potential threat to the incumbent on-premises software firm, especially in capturing new customers from the untapped market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ride-hailing services provide not only alternative transportation for passengers but also job opportunities for potential drivers, resulting in both negative and positive effects on new car purchases. Our study assesses the impact of ride-hailing platforms' market entry on new car purchases in the presence of platform competition. Our data is a monthly panel data on new car registration plates from 2013 to 2015, during which two leading ride-hailing platforms (Didi Chuxing and Uber) rolled out their services across select cities in China. We find that, while the entry of a single ride-hailing platform led to a decline in new car purchases, platform competition mitigated the negative impacts of platform entries. Our explanation is that the two competing platforms may have provided subsidies to drivers such that more people purchased new cars in order to sign up as drivers. By leveraging brand heterogeneity, our analysis finds supporting evidence that platform competition has resulted in increased sales of those car brands that are commonly adopted by ride-hailing drivers. Our study contributes to the literature on pricing strategies and subsidy allocation for two-sided markets by providing empirical evidence from the ride-hailing market. It suggests that companies' competitive strategies need to account for consumer expectations and learning in the presence of strong network effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, genellikle kâr odaklı sağlık hizmet sunumu sağlayan özel hastanelerin rekabet yöntemleri ile hizmet kalitesi ve finansal başarısı arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmış, bu amaçla Porter’ın literatüre kazandırdığı jenerik rekabet stratejilerinin özel hastanelerin kalite performansı ve finansal performansı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma Ankara ilinde faaliyet gösteren özel hastanelerin tamamında gerçekleştirilmiş olup bu hastanelerin yöneticilerinden anket yöntemi ile elde edilen veriler Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) ile değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda özel hastanelerin uyguladığı jenerik rekabet stratejilerinin hastanelerin kalite performansı üzerinde doğrudan ve pozitif yönde etkisi belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca özel hastane kalite performansı finansal performansa doğrudan ve pozitif yönde etki etmektedir.Özgünlük: Bu araştırma toplam maliyet liderliği, odaklanma ve farklılaştırma olmak üzere jenerik rekabet stratejilerinin özel hastane performansına olan doğrudan etkisini göstermesi ve bu etkinin derecesinin belirlenmesi açısından önemlidir. İlaveten iki farklı performans ölçütünün birbirleri üzerindeki etkisi ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in Africa has attracted much discussion on the competitive relations between Chinese companies and their foreign or local counterparts. There is however limited research examining the increasingly competitive relationships among Chinese business actors themselves and the complex implications of their activities for African economic development. Existing studies often either treat Chinese actors as a homogeneous entity pursuing a collective, state-directed agenda or emphasize the collaborative networks among Chinese business groups during their transnational entrepreneurial expansion. This paper aims to fill this gap by investigating the nature and consequences of intra-Chinese competition in Africa. It draws upon a critical reading of multidisciplinary literature in international businesses, management studies and economic geography, an extensive review of empirical cases across Africa, as well as field research in Ethiopia and Nigeria. Findings shed light on the competitive interests, logics, and strategies of Chinese overseas actors in construction, telecommunications, manufacturing, and retail sectors, and identify the challenges associated with managing intra-Chinese competition and fostering positive economic impacts in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how social sharing of consumers' brand purchases (via posting selfies on social media platforms) affects brand competition in a market where different types of consumers, characterized by their distinct personal characteristics (i.e., personalities, hobbies, and lifestyles) and brand preferences (i.e., being loyal to one of two horizontally differentiated brands or neither), all desire accurate public perception of their true type. Our analysis shows that social sharing enhances the profit of the advantaged brand that attracts a larger size of loyal consumers but can hurt the profit of the disadvantaged brand that attracts a smaller size of loyal consumers. That is, in a horizontally differentiated market, social sharing may further strengthen the competitive status of the advantaged brand. Interestingly, the disadvantaged brand may become more likely to suffer from social sharing if it follows the conventional wisdom to expand the loyal segment. When the public can learn a consumer's true type from other information sources (e.g., the consumer's online blog), social sharing of consumers' brand purchases brings a smaller profit gain to the advantaged brand. Our theoretical findings shed light on how brands can devise competitive strategies to leverage the power of social media. We examine how social sharing of consumers' brand purchases affects brand competition in a market where different types of consumers, characterized by their distinct personal characteristics (i.e., personalities, hobbies, and lifestyles) and brand preferences (i.e., being loyal to one of two horizontally differentiated brands or neither), all desire accurate public perception of their true type. Social sharing of a consumer's brand purchase allows the public to infer the consumer's type, but such inference can be mistaken if a brand is purchased by multiple types of consumers. A consumer receives a higher public-perception utility from purchasing a brand if social sharing of the consumer's purchase leads to a higher chance of accurate public perception. Our analysis shows that social sharing enhances the profit of the advantaged brand that attracts a larger size of loyal consumers but can hurt the profit of the disadvantaged brand that attracts a smaller size of loyal consumers. That is, in a horizontally differentiated market, social sharing may further strengthen the competitive status of the advantaged brand. Interestingly, the disadvantaged brand may become more likely to suffer from social sharing if it follows the conventional wisdom to expand the loyal segment. When the public can learn a consumer's true type from other information sources (e.g., the consumer's online blog), social sharing of consumers' brand purchases brings a smaller profit gain to the advantaged brand. The disadvantaged brand may be better off or worse off, depending on the size of its loyal segment. Our theoretical findings shed light on how brands can devise competitive strategies to leverage the power of social media. History: Michael Zhang, Senior Editor; Hong Xu, Associate Editor. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1132. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The competitive strategies of plants play a crucial role in their growth. Allelopathy is one of the weapons that plants use to improve their competitive advantage. Methods: In order to explore the competitive strategy of a poisonous weed Elsholtzia densa Benth. (E. densa) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), the effects of decomposing substances of E. densa on growth, root border cells (RBCs) characteristics of highland crop highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and soil environment were determined. Results: The decomposing allelopathic effect of E. densa on the germination and seedling growth of highland barley mainly occurred in the early stage of decomposing. The allelopathic effects were mainly on seed germination and root growth of highland barley. After treatment with its decomposing solution, the RBC's mucilage layer of highland barley thickened, and the RBC's activity decreased or even apoptosis compared with the control. However, only the above-ground part of the treatment group showed a significant difference. The effects of E. densa decomposed substances on the soil environment were evaluated from soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community. The results showed that soil bacteria varied greatly in the early stage of decomposion under different concentrations of E. densa. In addition, E. densa decomposing substances increased the soil nutrient content, extracellular enzyme activities, and bacterial community diversity. In the process of decomposition, the bacterial community structure changed constantly, but Actinobacteriota was always the dominant phylum. Discussion: These results indicated that E. densa might adopt the following two strategies to help it gain an advantage in the competition: 1. Release allelochemicals that interfere with the defense function of surrounding plants and directly inhibit the growth and development of surrounding plants. 2. By changing the physical and chemical properties of soil and extracellular enzyme activity, residual plant decomposition can stimulate soil microbial activity, improve soil nutrition status, and create a more suitable soil environment for growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between innovation and performance in culinary sector MSME in Indonesia. This research also examines the mediating role of competitive strategies on the correlation of innovation in SME performance. This study proceeds using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Square (PLS) through SmartPLS software. The sample of this study consisted of 201 SMEs in Indonesia (specially in Surabaya) that engage in the food and beverage (culinary) sector, and the researcher used an accidental sampling technique to collect data. The result revealed that process innovation was directly, positively, and significantly related to the performance of SMEs. Furthermore, the analysis found that competitive strategies, including cost leadership, differentiation, and focus, mediated a partial relationship between innovation and SME performance and had a full mediation of innovation in SME performance. This study shows that SMEs with process innovation can more easily achieve superior performance than SMEs which implement product-oriented innovation. This research focused on SMEs in Surabaya, so it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the results to other locations or business sectors.

Copyright of Journal of Techniques is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)