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Sustainability education is crucial in helping students deal with current health and environmental challenges through dietary choices. This study aims to provide an understanding of how the teachers surveyed (n = 416, 85% women; 58% teaching natural sciences) view the importance of the following interrelated issues for sustainability: (1) the viability of diets for tackling environmental challenges and natural resource management; (2) the health benefits of traditional versus plant-based diets; and (3) the impacts of factory farming on animals and animal sentience. Most participants recognised the importance of a sustainable education model that encourages reducing meat consumption while adopting healthy plant-based diets. Furthermore, the majority recognise animal sentience and agree that schools should address the negative impacts of factory farming on animals and the environment. The results are striking, as they indicate that most teachers’ views contrast with the traditionalist and instrumental portrayal of animals in national core curricula. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Attitudes and perceptions about climate change (CC) are crucial to public engagement and support in the promotion of mitigating actions and sustainable lifestyles embracing the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. This study aimed to investigate how worried are European citizens about CC, and what is their willingness to assume self-responsibility in its mitigation. We used the European Social Survey, namely the answers to the questions “How worried are you about climate change?” and “To what extent do you feel a personal responsibility to try to CC?” and have related them with demography and individual perception of the society and its policies. We fit two statistical models to each of the questions studied and found the following: Model 1—people that trust in scientists are more worried about CC, people satisfied with the national government are more worried about CC, women are more worried about CC than men, and older and more educated people are also more worried about CC; Model 2—Women have higher levels of self-responsibility, people that trust in scientists feel more responsibility when satisfied with the economy and the health system of the country, and older people that trust in scientists also have more responsibility.

Dissertação de Mestrado, Vulcanologia e Riscos Geológicos, 27 de janeiro de 2023, Universidade dos Açores. O enquadramento geodinâmico dos Açores, para além de propiciar intensa atividade sísmica e vulcânica, caracteriza-se pelo seu vulcanismo secundário, através da presença de fenómenos de desgaseificação como os campos fumarólicos, desgaseificação difusa, nascentes de água termal e de água gasocarbónica. Em 2010, após a perfuração de um poço para exploração de energia geotérmica no flanco N do Vulcão do Fogo, na ilha de São Miguel, surgiu uma nova área de desgaseificação acompanhada de anomalia térmica com temperaturas máximas de 100ºC. Essa anomalia tem um importante papel para os estudos de anomalias térmicas nos Açores com recurso a imagens de satélite, considerando que esta foi a primeira área de desgaseificação conhecida a surgir no arquipélago desde o lançamento dos satélites MODIS, Landsat e ASTER. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar as capacidades e limitações dos sensores orbitais atualmente disponíveis para a deteção de alterações nos valores de temperatura à superfície. Foi avaliada a pertinência do uso de imagens diurnas para identificação de anomalias térmicas recorrendo aos sensores MODIS, Landsat e ASTER, com base na série histórica dos valores medidos. Foi utilizada a plataforma Google Earth Engine (GEE) para extrair valores de Land Surface Temperature (LST) dos produtos MODIS e Landsat, e de temperatura de brilho (TB) do ASTER. Foram comparados os valores do pixel incidente e da temperatura do solo a 30 cm de profundidade medida in situ na área abrangida pelas quatro estações permanentes de medição de fluxo de CO2 localizadas na ilha de São Miguel, nomeadamente duas no Vulcão do Fogo e duas no Vulcão das Furnas. O sensor MODIS, apesar da sua baixa resolução espacial (1 km), apresentou a maior correlação. Deste modo, tentou-se também avaliar os fatores com influência nos valores obtidos com uso de imagens orbitais, comparando-se os valores medidos com a temperatura do ar no momento da passagem do satélite. A correlação foi sempre positiva para todos os satélites, sendo a menor correlação (r = 0,65) obtida com o ASTER e a maior (r = 0,93) com o Landsat. A análise espacial de anomalias térmicas permitiu identificar á área de desgaseificação que se expandiu na zona envolvente ao poço RG4 a partir de 2010. Nesta análise, a estatística espacial de cada imagem é realizada de forma a avaliar a sensibilidade dos sensores para períodos diurnos (Landsat) e noturnos (ASTER). Os resultados obtidos revelam que o uso de imagens com infravermelho térmico (TIR) noturnas são as mais adequadas e uma importante ferramenta para a monitorização de anomalias térmicas de baixa temperatura (inferiores 100ºC) como as que ocorrem no arquipélago dos Açores. Os sensores orbitais disponíveis atualmente demonstraram-se viáveis para a monitorização de anomalias térmicas em larga escala, contudo, fatores como a resolução espacial, período do dia de captura da imagem e a cobertura de nuvens podem dificultar a identificação de anomalias térmicas que possam vir a surgir. Assim, o uso de drones equipados com sensores térmicos TIR tende a ser a alternativa mais viável de curto prazo para a monitorização remotas de anomalias térmicas no arquipélago dos Açores, associando alta resolução espacial e temporal e operacionalização abaixo das nuvens, mitigando esse constrangimento frequente no arquipélago. ABSTRACT: Besides providing intense seismic and volcanic activity, the geodynamic framework of the Azores is characterized by its secondary volcanism, such as the presence of degassing phenomena, as: fumarolic fields, diffuse degassing, and thermal and gas-carbonic mineral water springs. In 2010, after drilling a well for geothermal energy exploration on the N flank of Fogo Volcano, on the island of São Miguel, a new degassing area accompanied by thermal anomaly appeared. This anomaly has an important role in studies of thermal anomalies in the Azores using orbital imaging, considering that this was the first known new degassing area in the archipelago to appear since the launch of MODIS, Landsat and ASTER satellites. This thesis aims to demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of currently available orbital sensors in capturing changes in surface temperature values. Thus, the relevance of using daytime images to identify thermal anomalies using MODIS, Landsat, and ASTER sensors was assessed, based on the time series of measured values. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used to extract Land Surface Temperature (LST) values from MODIS and Landsat products and brightness temperature (TB) values from ASTER. Accordingly, the pixel values and soil temperature were compared at 30 cm depth measured in situ in the area covered by every permanent stations located on the island of São Miguel: two at Fogo Volcano and two at Furnas Volcano. Despite its low spatial resolution (1 km), the MODIS sensor showed the highest correlation. To evaluate the factors influencing the values obtained with orbital images, we compared those with the air temperature at the time of the satellite pass. The correlation was always positive for all satellites, where the lowest was r = 0.65 with ASTER, and the highest was r = 0.93 with Landsat. The statistical analysis considering each thermal image as a sample allowed to evaluate the sensitivity of the sensors for daytime (Landsat) and nighttime (ASTER) periods. The results obtained revealed that night thermal infrared (TIR) images constitute an important tool for monitoring low-temperature thermal anomalies (below 100ºC) such as those occurring in the Azores archipelago. Currently available orbital sensors have proven to be viable for large-scale monitoring of thermal anomalies. However, factors such as spatial resolution, period of the day of image acquisition, and cloud cover may delay the identification of thermal anomalies that may arise. Therefore, using UAVs with TIR thermal sensors might be the best short-term alternative for monitoring thermal anomalies in the Azores archipelago, coupling high spatial and temporal resolution and operationalization below the clouds, mitigating this frequent constraint in the archipelago.

Given the rising demand for more transparent, consistent, and comprehensive non-financial information in investment, there is a need to provide more reliable, meaningful, and measurable ESG metrics, in a way that most frameworks cannot. Most established frameworks face difficulties and challenges in providing sustainability information to investors in a significant way, lacking in areas such as transparency, reliability, consistency, materiality, and particularly, their focus on the “S” dimension of ESG. The present article purposes to review the challenges associated with several frameworks and to present a solution to overcome them, by giving an overview of a new and innovative software as a service framework, ESG Maturity. This software presents itself as a solution for both reporting companies and their respective investors, by providing both with an assessment of the ESG maturity index of the companies, and delivering a report containing relevant initiatives, strategies, and action plans tailored to each one of them, within different sectors, dimensions, and geographic areas and consequently, their financial and non-financial implementation impact. ESG Maturity is considered a possible answer to the challenges in ESG reporting, having the potential to revolutionize the way companies report their non-financial information and how investors receive it. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The exploitation of animals for human purposes raises several ethical concerns in the educational realm that ought to be carefully dealt with. Derived from the content analysis of sample of 39 Portuguese secondary and high school textbooks, this study aims to understand how factory-farmed animals are represented within the following themes: food and health, environment and sustainability, and animal welfare. This work examines whether textbooks suggest the continuation or reduction of the consumption of animal-based products for a healthy diet; discuss the correlation between meat and severe environmental impacts; treat whether plant-based diets are considered healthy, viable and sustainable; and if the agency and welfare of non-human animals is considered. The results show that animals are consistently classified as consumable, with rare mentions of plant-based proteins as a healthy option. Animal farming is inaccurately portrayed as being extensive and is presented from the point of view of maximum production. The suffering and agency of animals are never dealt with. Even though there are some references to the environmental impacts of animal farming, fishing and hunting, there are no recommendations to reduce the consumption of animal-based products as a way of mitigating environmental impacts. The resolution of current environmental challenges is dependent on there being profound shifts in science education that can provide students with the necessary information to create effective change. In seeking to create a more sustainable planet, this study endorses a more ecocentric pedagogy that frames other animals as sentient beings with intrinsic value. It is hoped that the results of this study can motivate authors, reviewers, and scientific and pedagogical consultants to redefine the guidelines in Portugal’s Frame of Reference for Environmental Education, as well the editing criteria for textbooks. Furthermore, this paper seeks to encourage changes in the behaviour of young people and communities towards animals, food and the environment. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

This research sought to determine how public–private partnership (PPP) arrangements can more efficiently address risk management issues using the example of Mozambique as a case study. Analyses of 15 interviews in this country were conducted using the Gioia methodology. The results indicate that integrating key risk indicators into PPP contracts can improve risk management. These measures have been widely used in company risk management. The indicators can serve as monitoring, reviewing and supervising tools, allowing the integration of external factors into PPP contracts at the right time, which is hard to predict when the contracts are signed. Key risk indicators can capture megatrends, track risk evolution and develop future scenarios throughout the entire lifecycle of contracts, preventing conflicts between partners, contract renegotiations or early contract terminations by facilitating an improved understanding of contracts' current realities. The findings suggest that these measures should be applied by PPP units. The proposed approach encourages originality and empirical research-based improvements of PPP risk management frameworks and provides guidelines for future studies. HIGHLIGHTS Integrating key risk indicators into PPP contracts can improve risk management.; The key risk indicator approach to PPP contracts adds an extra phase to contract supervision (i.e., monitoring and reviewing) that assesses risks’ evolution and trends.

This study is based on the conservation of resources theory and the recovery step model in order to further explore the furr-recovery method—a mechanism through which workers break their routine by taking micro-moments to interact with their “furry co-workers,” thus relieving their fatigue and tension or other negative affective states. Based on this, we argue that this method not only serves the purpose of restoring self-regulatory resources but also ameliorates mental health. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze how daily human–animal interactions during teleworking positively influence teleworkers’ mental health, via recovering their self-regulatory resources, at the within-person level. Full-time teleworkers completed multiple online surveys for 5 consecutive workdays (N = 211 × 5 = 1055 daily observations). Multilevel path analysis results showed that on days on which employees had more micro-moments to interact with their “furry co-workers” during the day, they experienced a higher self-regulatory capacity and felt better while working. In sum, the findings give support for the theoretical resource perspective of interacting with pets as an effective energy management strategy while at work. This research extends the theoretical understanding of regulatory resources as a cognitive mechanism that links HAIs to employee mental health. Moreover, the findings outlined here offer practical implications by highlighting the furr-recovery method, a method that teleworkers who own pets may use as a strategy during the working day to restore resources needed to be healthier.

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ambiente, Saúde e Segurança, 19 de dezembro de 2022, Universidade dos Açores. OBJETIVO: Em todo o mundo, os enfermeiros enfrentaram a pandemia SARS-CoV-2 desde o final do ano 2019, o que levou a alterações significativas no trabalho destes profissionais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar os níveis de resiliência e os níveis de burnout pessoal, burnout relacionado com o trabalho, e burnout relacionado com o cliente. METODOLOGIA: Seguindo uma metodologia quantitativa, exploratória e correlacional, inquiriram-se enfermeiros a trabalhar na Região Autónoma dos Açores, através de um questionário sociodemográfico, versão portuguesa do Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) e versão portuguesa da Resilience Scale (RS), disponibilizados numa plataforma digital (Google Forms). RESULTADOS: Os participantes apresentaram uma idade media de 41.2 anos, em que a maioria desempenha as suas funções na ilha São Miguel, seguido da ilha Terceira e outras ilhas. O tempo medio de serviço dos participantes e de 18.99 anos e desempenham uma media de carga horaria de 40 horas semanais. Ambos os instrumentos apresentam fiabilidade elevada para a escala de burnout pessoal e resiliência, verificando-se fiabilidade moderada para as escalas burnout relacionado com o cliente e burnout relacionado com o trabalho. Os resultados revelam que 49.5% dos enfermeiros apresentam burnout pessoal moderado a severo, 54.8% apresentam nível moderado a elevado de burnout relacionado com o trabalho e 38.6% dos participantes apresentam nível moderado a elevado de burnout relacionado com o cliente. No respeitante a resiliência o estudo permitiu demonstrar que os participantes são resilientes. Verificaram-se correlações moderadas e negativas entre o burnout e a resiliência. A pontuação total na escala resiliência permitiu identificar que os participantes em estudo são resilientes (M = 122.59). A variável resiliência demonstrou ser uma possível variável mediadora ou preditora de burnout. CONCLUSÕES: A resiliência revela-se uma variável relevante na mediação dos níveis de burnout nos enfermeiros. Futuros estudos devem ser baseados na importância que esta variável tem na qualidade de vida e bem-estar destes profissionais. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Around the world, nurses face the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic since the year 2019, with significant changes to their work. The present study has as main objective to evaluate the levels of resilience and the levels of personal burnout, burnout related to work, and burnout related to the client. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative, exploratory, and correlational study was implemented. A total of 305 nurses working in the Autonomous Region of the Azores answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Portuguese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and the Portuguese version of the Resilience Scale (RS), available on a digital platform (Google Forms). RESULTS: The average age of the participants is 41.72 years old and most of them work on the island of Sao Miguel, followed by the island of Terceira and other islands. The average length of service of the participants is 18.99 years and they work an average of 40 hours per week. Both instruments show high reliability for the personal burnout scale and resilience, with moderate reliability for the client-related burnout and work-related burnout scales. The results reveal that 49.5% of nurses have moderate to severe personal burnout, 54.8% moderate to high burnout related to work, and 38.6% moderate to high burnout related to the client. The total score on the Resilience scale made it possible to identify levels of resilience in the participants (M = 122.59). In the present study, it was possible to verify moderate and negative correlations between burnout and resilience. The Resilience variable proved to be a mediating variable or predictor of burnout. CONCLUSIONS: Resilience proves to be a relevant variable in the mediation of burnout levels in nurses. Future studies should focus on the importance of this variable in the quality of life and well-being of these professionals.

A dissertação visa avaliar a relevância e o desempenho dos dados obtidos por Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANT) na atualização de Geoinformação. Os dados obtidos por VANT serão utilizados quer em conjunto com outros dados – obtidos por plataformas tradicionais de deteção remota –, quer isoladamente, recorrendo à técnica de Structure from Motion (SfM), para gerar o modelo digital de superfície e os ortomosaicos de alta precisão em diferentes momentos. Para a avaliação da precisão dos dados, os modelos digitais de terreno serão comparados. Por outro lado, os dados e informação gerados permitirão atualizar Geoinformação e quantificar as mudanças ocorridas no uso e ocupação do solo. Os resultados irão alimentar a discussão crítica da ação antrópica nos aglomerados urbanos e as propostas de intervenção. The dissertation aims to assess the relevance and performance of data obtained by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in updating Geoinformation. The data obtained by UAVs will be used either in conjunction with other data – obtained by traditional remote sensing platforms – or on its own, using the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique, to generate high-precision digital surface models and orthomosaics at different times. For the accuracy assessment of the data, the digital terrain models will be compared. On the other hand, the data and information generated will make it possible to update Geoinformation and quantify changes in land use and occupation. The results will feed the critical discussion of anthropic action in urban areas and intervention proposals.

Esta dissertação desenvolveu-se associada ao acompanhamento de uma obra subterrânea profunda em formações carbonatadas da zona de Lisboa, no âmbito de um estágio na empresa DrillGO e aborda a incerteza associada à caracterização geológica e geotécnica em obras sub-terrâneas, decorrente dos estudos de sítio desenvolvidos em ambiente densamente urbani-zado, como é a zona antiga da cidade de Lisboa. Compara-se a caracterização geológica e geotécnica da fase de estudos do anteprojeto deta-lhado com aquela que é realizada durante a fase de construção, que corresponde ao projeto de execução da empreitada em subterrâneo. Discutem-se os resultados obtidos e apresentam-se hipóteses para explicar as variações encontradas entre aquelas caracterizações. Referem-se ainda algumas novas informações obtidas relativas à geologia da área em apreço, para utilização futura. A comparação desenvolvida para a empreitada em subterrâneo em formações carbonatadas mesozóicas em meio urbano, além de contribuir para aprofundar o conhecimento da geologia presente na região em referência, aduz informação relevante sobre o respetivo comporta-mento geotécnico, o que permitirá que em futuros projetos de obras de engenharia nas mes-mas formações, melhorar o modelo concetual para o terreno. The dissertation was developed in association with the onsite technical support of a deep underground construction work that Intercept the upper carbonate formations of the Lisbon area, in the context of an internship at the company DrillGO, and addresses the uncertainty associated with the geological and geotechnical characterization in tunneling, which arises from site studies developed in an highly urbanized region, as it is the oldest part of the city of Lisbon. It aims to compare the geological and geotechnical characterization of the detailed pre-liminary design with the geological and geotechnical characterization carried out during the construction phase, which corresponds to the execution project of the tunnel. Hypotheses are presented to justify the variations found between those characteristics. It is intended to generate additional data and knowledge concerning the geology of the area in question for future use. The comparison of the geological and geotechnical character-ization carried out before and during the construction of a deep underground work in meso-zoic carbonated formations in an urban environment, in addition to contributing to increase the knowledge of the geology in the region in reference as well as on their geotechnical be-havior, it will allow that in future engineering works projects, intercepting the same formations, to Improve the conceptual ground model.

Nos últimos anos, o efeito conjugado das alterações climáticas com o desenvolvimento e ocupação territorial antrópicos, tem conduzido em certos locais de Portugal Continental a deficiências hídricas que começam a afetar os sistemas aquíferos, particularmente nas proximidades de grandes áreas urbanas, agrícolas e turísticas. Assim, pretende-se com o presente estudo compreender e avaliar a evolução nos últimos 20 anos dos sistemas aquíferos pertencentes aos sectores Centro e Sul da Margem Esquerda da Bacia do Tejo-Sado, de modo a poder retirar ilações sobre possíveis efeitos de depleção. Analisou-se a evolução dos níveis piezométricos, recorrendo-se a métodos de análise estatística multivariada (FAMD, K-means e HCPC) e análise de tendências (Mann-Kendall e Innovative trend) de modo a determinar possíveis padrões evolutivos. Procedeu-se, igualmente a uma análise de fácies hidroquímicas, que permitiu avaliar a sua ocorrência. Procedeu, ainda, à construção do modelo de escoamentos no sector sul, recorrendo-se a métodos numéricos de diferenças finitas (MODFLOW). Com a execução do modelo pretendeu-se estabelecer comparações entre horizontes temporais distintos e compreender até que ponto os fatores ambientais e antrópicos são os principais motores que condicionam os resultados de modelação obtidos, ou se as condições geológicas têm um papel preponderante, no escoamento e na evolução dos dados. In recent years, the combined effect of climate change with anthropic development and territorial occupation has led to water shortages in certain parts of mainland Portugal that are beginning to affect aquifer systems, which is particularly noticeable in the vicinity of large urban areas or exploitation for tourist or agricultural purposes. Thus, the present study intends to understand and evaluate the evolution in the last 20 years of the aquifer systems belonging to the Central and Southern sectors of the Left Bank of the Tagus-Sado Basin, to conclude possible depletion effects. The evolution of piezometric levels was analysed using multivariate statistical analysis methods (FAMD K-means and HCPC) and trend analysis (Mann-Kendall and Innovation trend) to determine the existence of evolutionary patterns. An analysis of hydrochemical facies was also carried out, which made it possible to assess their way of occurrence. It also proceeded with the construction of a groundwater flow model in the southern sector, using the numerical method of finite differences (MODFLOW). The execution of the model was intended to establish comparisons between different time horizons and to understand to what extent the environmental and anthropic factors are the main drivers that condition the obtained modeling results or if the geological conditions have a preponderant role in the flow and time-space evolution of the data.

This paper investigates the conditions in which the development of new technologies induce structural change in the economy. A literature review reveals three factors that influence the industrial transformative capacity of a technology: context; complementarities; competition. We explore the dynamics of these factors, focusing on the extent and nature of induced activities in adjacent sectors. We apply this framework to study marine renewable energy technologies (MRET) in Portugal. Adjacent sector firms active in several MRET exhibited diversified activity, innovation and internal change. Comparing with Norway, where an offshore sector (oil & gas) supports the emergence of offshore wind, the absence of such sector in Portugal raises challenges but also creates opportunities for the transformation of several other sectors. We develop a new indicator to identify and compare the industrial transformative capacity of innovations. Finally, we discuss the extent to which context, complementarities and competition contribute to accelerate or hinder transformative change. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ambiente, Saúde e Segurança, 28 de novembro de 2022, Universidade dos Açores. Os incêndios urbanos são definidos como sendo um processo de combustão, sem limitação da sua extensão no espaço e no tempo, dos materiais combustíveis existentes em edifícios, incluindo os constituintes dos elementos do construção e respetivos revestimentos. Este tipo de incêndios ocorre com muito frequência em todo o mundo, sendo os edifícios mais frequentemente afetados os destinados a habitação familiar e multifamiliar. A Segurança Contra Incêndios em Edifícios (SCIE) tem por objetivo garantir a manutenção das condições de segurança, definidas no projeto, ao longo da vida dos edifícios. Um dos instrumentos mais utilizados em SCIE, a par de um bom projeto de execução, são as Medidas de Autoproteção (MAP), as quais garantem não só as condições para o combate a incêndios, bem como a definição de procedimentos de atuação em caso de emergência, como são os casos do alarme, alerta ou da evacuação. Em Portugal, a SCIE é regulamentada pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 220/2008, de 12 de novembro, na sua redação atual, a qual estabelece o Regime Jurídico da Segurança Contra Incêndios em Edifícios (RJSCIE) e pela Portaria n.º 135/2020, de 2 de junho, que altera o Regulamento Técnico de Segurança Contra Incêndios em Edifícios (RTSCIE), aprovado pela Portaria n.º 1532/2008, de 29 de dezembro. Estes instrumentos regulamentadores visam abranger todos os cenários de possível ocorrência de incêndio em edifícios, prevenindo a sua ocorrência. No entanto, existem situações em que a legislação não obriga a implementação de medidas de prevenção, proteção e combate a incêndios. Exemplo destas situações são os edifícios de habitação familiar e multifamiliar (Utilização-tipo I (UT-I)), das primeira e segunda categorias de risco, para os quais não existe obrigação de implementação de MAP. Dada a ocorrência de incêndios urbanos em edifícios de habitação, os quais afetam diretamente a segurança de pessoas e animais, o presente trabalho visa propor um conjunto de boas práticas de segurança contra incêndios em edifícios de habitação, promovendo a segurança e reduzindo os riscos. ABSTRACT: Urban fires are defined as a combustion process, without limitation of its extension in space and time, of combustible materials existing in buildings, including the constituents of construction elements and respective coatings. This type of fire occurs very frequently throughout the world, with the buildings most frequently affected being buildings intended for family and multi-family housing. The Safety Against Fire in Buildings aims to guarantee the maintenance of the safety conditions, defined in the project, throughout the life of the buildings. One of the most used instruments in the safety against fire in buildings, along with a good execution project, are the Self-Protection Measures, which guarantee not only the conditions for fighting fires, as well the definition of procedures for action in emergency, such as cases of alarm, alert or evacuation. In Portugal, the safety against fire in buildings is regulated by Decree-Law n.220/2008, of November 12th November in its current wording, which establishes the Legal Regime for Fire Safety in Buildings and by Decree-Law n. 135/2020, of June 2nd, which amends the Technical Regulation on Fire Safety in Buildings, approved by Decree-Law n. 1532/2008, of December 29th. These regulatory tools aim to cover all scenarios of possible fire occurrence in buildings, preventing its occurrence. However, there are situations that the legislation does not require the implementation of fire prevention, protection and fighting measures. Examples of these situations are family and multifamily housing buildings (Use-type I (UT-I)), in the first and second risk categories, where it is not mandatory to implement a Self-Protection Measures. Given the occurrence of urban fires in residential buildings, which directly affect the safety of people and animals, the present work aims to propose a set of good fire safety practices in residential buildings, promoting safety and reducing risks.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether work engagement mediates the relationship between job crafting and job performance. To this end, the following hypotheses were formulated: (1) job crafting establishes a positive and significant association with job performance; (2) job establishes a positive and significant association with work engagement; (3) work engagement establishes a positive and significant association with job performance; (4) work engagement mediates the association between job crafting and job performance. The sample was composed of 453 participants working in organisations based in Portugal. The hypotheses formulated in this study were tested by performing simple and multiple linear regressions. The results indicated that only increasing structural job resources and increasing challenging job demands established a positive and significant association with task performance. Increasing structural job resources, increasing social job resources, and increasing challenging job demands established a positive and significant association with citizenship performance and work engagement. Work engagement established a positive and significant association with task performance and citizenship performance. Only a partial mediating effect, through work engagement, was observed on the association between increasing challenging job demands and task performance, and between increasing social job resources and citizenship performance. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Dissertação de Mestrado, Estudos Integrados dos Oceanos, 19 de outubro de 2022, Universidade dos Açores. Porpitidae é uma família de hidrozoários neustónicos pouco investigados geneticamente, onde a maioria das publicações menciona somente a sua ocorrência. Para estudar a diversidade desta família nos Açores, foram recolhidos 277 indivíduos em praias de duas ilhas (Faial e São Miguel) e morfologicamente identificados como Velella velella ou Porpita porpita. Para confirmar a identificação das espécies e investigar a sua diversidade genética, associações filogeográficas e a estrutura da população, as amostras foram sequenciadas utilizando três marcadores moleculares diferentes: COI, 16S e ITS. O dispositivo MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) foi utilizado, proporcionando uma sequenciação de leitura longa e rápida em tempo real. Foram construídas redes de haplótipos e árvores filogenéticas. A análise das sequências revelou diversidade genética dos Porpitidae nos Açores. No entanto, a variabilidade intra-género foi praticamente nula no gene nuclear (ITS) quando comparada com os genes mitocondriais (COI e 16S). Comparando com sequências disponíveis nas bases de dados, foi possível verificar uma maior semelhança com os indivíduos amostrados em locais mais próximos dos Açores (Mediterrâneo e Mar dos Sargassos). Nos genes com elevada diversidade genética, também foi possível distinguir dois indivíduos do género Porpita que exibiam uma distância genética significativa quando comparados com outros do mesmo local. Apesar da análise da delimitação das espécies ter apresentado resultados diferentes para ambos os métodos, o resultado sugeriu que podem existir duas a dezasseis espécies, mas há uma maior possibilidade de haver apenas duas espécies. Este estudo forneceu informações importantes ao nível taxonómico da família Porpitidae. Através deste trabalho foi conhecida uma boa representação da diversidade genética dos Porpitidae. Embora o número de indivíduos amostrados seja bastante grande, a baixa representação geográfica das amostras relativamente à distribuição dos géneros pode condicionar os resultados. Seria importante investigar indivíduos de outros locais e utilizar outros marcadores para providenciar informações mais completas. ABSTRACT: Porpitidae is a family of neustonic hydrozoans scarcely investigated genetically, with most scientific publications mentioning solely their occurrence. In order to study the diversity of this family in the Azores, a total of 277 individuals were analysed. These animals were collected on beach areas of two islands (Faial and São Miguel) and morphologically identified as Velella velella or Porpita porpita. To confirm species identification and to investigate their genetic diversity, phylogeographic associations and population structure, the samples were sequenced using three different molecular markers: COI, 16S and ITS. The MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) sequencing device was utilized, providing long and fast reading sequencing in real-time. Haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees were built. The analysis of the sequences revealed genetic diversity in the Porpitidae in the Azores. However, the intra-genus nucleotidic variability was practically null in the nuclear gene (ITS) when compared to mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S). When confronting with other sequences available in the databases, it was possible to verify a greater similarity with individuals sampled in locations closer to the Azores (Mediterranean and Sargasso Sea). In the genes with high genetic diversity, it was also possible to distinguish two sampled Porpita individuals, which exhibited a high genetic distance compared to the others. Although the species delimitation analysis exhibited different results in both methods, the outcome suggested that there may exist two to sixteen species, but there is a higher possibility that there are only two species. This study provided important information at the taxonomic level of the Porpitidae family. Through this work, a good representation of the genetic diversity of Porpitidae was known. Although the number of individuals sampled was quite large, the low geographical representation of the samples in relation to the distribution of the genera may condition the results. It would be important to investigate individuals from other locations as well as to use other molecular markers in order to provide more complete information.

Tese de Doutoramento, Geologia (Geologia Aplicada), 8 de setembro de 2022, Universidade dos Açores. O betão é um dos materiais de construção mais utilizados em todo o mundo, mas ao longo dos anos a sua durabilidade e resistência têm sido afetadas por diversos tipos de patologias. Uma dessas patologias é conhecida como reação alcalis-sílica, (RAS) que é uma reação química que ocorre entre os minerais reativos nos agregados e os alcalis na pasta de cimento. As rochas vulcânicas presentes em diferentes ambientes geológicos são usadas como agregados para o betão, tal como outros tipos de rocha, principalmente devido a sua disponibilidade local. A reatividade potencial aos alcalis é bem conhecida em alguns andesitos e riólitos. No entanto em relação aos basaltos, estes ainda permanecem com algumas incertezas não existindo ainda consenso entre a comunidade científica sobre seu carater deletério. Diferentes investigações identificaram alguns basaltos como reativos quando submetidos a ensaios laboratoriais de expansão enquanto que outros foram considerados não reativos pelos mesmos métodos. Esta ambiguidade de resultados é obtida, especialmente quando é usado o método acelerado da barra de argamassa (AMBT) para avaliar a reatividade dos agregados. De modo a compreender melhor estes resultados e o papel dos basaltos relativamente a RAS, vários agregados vulcânicos de diferentes lugares (ou seja, Açores, Brasil, Canadá, Ilhas Canárias e Havaianas, Islândia, Japão, Moçambique, Nova Zelândia, Noruega, Turquia) foram selecionados para o presente trabalho. A maioria dos agregados são de composição básica, no entanto, para fins comparativos também foram incluídos neste trabalho andesitos e riólitos cuja reatividade é conhecida na literatura. Um conjunto de métodos foi usado para caracterizar a reatividade dos agregados: o método petrográfico, o método acelerado da barra de argamassa (AMBT), o método de prisma de betão (CPT), o damage rating index (DRI) e o gel pat test (GPT). Os principais resultados obtidos mostraram que: (1) o método petrográfico identificou a presença de vidro vulcânico em vários agregados com composição em SiO₂ entre 44% e 80%; (2) uma parte dos agregados são considerados reativos pelo método AMBT; (3) apenas alguns agregados foram considerados reativos pelo método CPT, entre os quais destacam-se as misturas que incluem frações de areia vulcânica; (4) os maiores valores de DRI estão principalmente relacionados com os agregados que contêm areia vulcânica como agregado fino e (5) a presença de gel em várias partículas de areia identificadas no método de GPT estão correlacionados com os valores mais elevados obtidos no ensaio DRI; (5) os dois andesitos estudados são considerados reativos, mas o riólito de Moçambique é classificado como não reativo. ABSTRACT: Concrete is one of the most used building materials worldwide but over the years it has been noticed that its durability and resistance have been affected by different types of pathologies. One of these types is known as the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) which is a chemical reaction that occurs between reactive minerals in the aggregates and the alkalis in the cement paste. Volcanic rocks are present in different geological environments and are used like other types of rocks as concrete aggregates mostly because of their local availability. Their potential alkali-silica reactivity is well known for some andesites and rhyolites. However, some uncertainties remain for basalts even now and there is no consensus among the scientific community about their deleterious character. Deleterious and non-deleterious results were obtained by different researchers when basaltic aggregates were tested using different methods in the laboratory. This inconsistent information can indeed be obtained, especially when the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT) is used to evaluate their potential alkali reactivity. To better understand this inconsistency and the role of basalts in the ASR, several volcanic aggregates from different locations (i.e. Azores, Brazil, Canada, Canary and Hawaiian Islands, Iceland, Japan, Mozambique, New Zealand, Norway, Turkey) were selected for the present work. The majority of the aggregates are of basic composition. Andesites and rhyolites were also included for comparative purposes due to their known deleterious character. A set of methods were used to characterize the potential alkali-reactivity of all the aggregates. These included the petrographic method, accelerated mortar bar (AMBT) and concrete prism tests (CPT), damage rating index (DRI method) and gel pat test (GPT). The main results obtained showed that: (1) volcanic glass is present in several aggregate samples, with SiO2 content ranging from 44% to 80%; (2) a part of the aggregates are considered reactive in the AMBT method; (3) only some samples of volcanic origin were considered reactive in the CPT, among them are included the ones containing volcanic sand fractions, one mixed-gravel and two andesite coarse aggregates; (4) the highest DRI numbers are mainly related to the aggregate samples with volcanic sand fractions, and (5) the presence of secondary deposits of gel in several sand particles in the GPT is correlated with the highest DRI numbers; (5) the andesites from Japan and Turkey are considered reactive but not the rhyolite from Mozambique. This PhD project (M3.1.a/F/066/2015) was financed by the Regional Science and Technology Fund of the Regional Government of the Azores and co-financed by the European Social Fund, through the AÇORES2020 Programme. Este projeto de doutoramento (M3.1. a/F/066/2015) foi financiado pelo Fundo Regional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Governo Regional dos Açores e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Social Europeu, através do Programa AÇORES2020.

Climate change threatens urban health, whether that refers to the human or environmental aspects of urban life. At the same time, initiatives of city regeneration are envisioning alternative forms of the urban environment, where derelict spaces have the potential to be brought back to life in ways that would not compromise urban health. Regeneration processes should utilise mitigation and adaptation strategies that consider the future needs and anticipated role of cities within the context of the discourse about climate change, accounting for expected and unforeseen impacts and regarding the city as an agent of action rather than a static territory too complex to change. Nevertheless, literature implicating these three parameters synchronously, namely, climate change, cities, and health, has been scarce. This study aims to fill this gap through a systematic literature review, exploring adaptation and mitigation strategies that can be employed in urban regeneration efforts aiming to mitigate climate change and its impacts on urban health as well as identifying the main trends and opportunities overlooked. Findings show that even though the emphasis is given to the physical actions and impacts of climate change and urban health, an emerging theme is the need to engage civic society in co-designing urban spaces. Synergistic relationships, collaborations and avoidance of lock-in situations appears to be the most significant subtopic emerging from this literature review One main recommendation is to promote a community-driven, inclusive, participatory approach in regeneration projects. This will ensure that different vulnerabilities can be adequately addressed and different population groups will have equitable health benefits. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

The adoption of blockchain technology by companies can change the way they interact with stakeholders, redefining communication strategies and other marketing processes. In this study, we investigated the relevance of blockchain applications for marketing management from the perspective of marketing-related professionals. Answers about blockchain technology application in the marketing arena were collected from the social platform Quora. The data were analyzed through text mining and Spearman’s correlation coefficient to assess the degree of association, inherent intensity, and the association significance between the variables payments, supply chain, loyalty programs, digital marketing, credential management, and marketing management, using Quora- specific metrics, namely, upvotes, shares, and views. The results posit blockchain technology as being an asset for marketing, with greater relevance in supply chain and internal management among marketing operations. Professionals will be able to potentially improve internal management systems and marketing campaigns, which will enhance companies’ competitive advantage. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Based on a sample of 46 Portuguese schoolbooks, this study aims to understand how factory-farmed animals are presented in such books across the themes of food and health, the environment and sustainability, and animal welfare. It examines whether schoolbooks address the importance of reducing the consumption of animal-based products for a healthy diet, whether plant-based diets are recognized as healthy, whether animal welfare and agency are considered, and whether the livestock sector is indicated as a major factor in environmental degradation. The findings show that schoolbooks present animals as essential for economic activities and human nutrition. Recommendations on reducing the consumption of animal-based products in consideration of the environment, sustainability and human health are very rare. Animal production is presented as benign, and the agency and welfare of factory-farmed animals are simply not addressed.

This article offers an analysis of social movement transnationalisation, using Extinction Rebellion as its case study. In order to investigate the temporal and geographical dynamics of Extinction Rebellion’s transnational diffusion, and the interaction of these dynamics with protest events, we draw on two primary datasets: one describing where and when all 1265 of the movement’s local groups emerged globally, the other containing all major protest events with which it is associated. We contend that although Extinction Rebellion has been impressively international from its early stages, the highest density of local groups–or ‘chapters’–is found in Western Europe and the Anglosphere. Drawing on della Porta’s theory of ‘eventful protest’, we argue that peaks in the creation of new local groups across the world followed major protest events. Hence, we argue that Extinction Rebellion protests were instrumental in the movement’s own transnational diffusion. The data also reveal that the period from early 2020 to June 2021 (the time of data collection) represented a nadir in new chapter creation, indicating a possible COVID-19 effect in the movement’s diffusion. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos Integrados dos Oceanos, 14 de junho de 2022, Universidade dos Açores. As atividades de mineração para extração de recursos minerais no mar profundo, como sulfetos maciços e nódulos de ferromanganês, podem causar impactos na fauna do mar profundo, gerando plumas de sedimentos que se dispersam por vastas áreas do oceano. Os organismos bentónicos suspensívoros, como os corais de águas frias, são provavelmente particularmente sensíveis. A exposição a sedimentos suspensos pode danificar mecanicamente os corais ao sufocar e obstruir os seus tecidos, podendo também conter substâncias tóxicas que afetam os processos fisiológicos dos corais. Este estudo elucida os impactos causados por plumas de sedimentos potencialmente geradas durante as atividades de mineração para a extração de nódulos na região Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ), Oceano Pacífico equatorial Nordeste e sulfetos maciços de um campo hidrotermal na Crista Média Atlântica (MAR), região dos Açores, Atlântico Nordeste no octocoral Dentomuricea aff. meteor numa experiência realizada em aquários. Durante 28 dias, os corais foram expostos a duas concentrações (~10 e ~50 mg.L⁻¹) de plumas de sedimentos suspensos geradas num campo de nódulos, partículas de sulfetos polimetálicos hidrotermais e um tratamento controlo sem adição de sedimento. As concentrações de sedimentos foram selecionadas com base em modelos de dispersão de plumas de sedimento, como cenários de dispersão em curta e longa distância. Os efeitos dos sedimentos foram avaliados na sobrevivência, condição do tecido, atividade dos pólipos e taxas de respiração dos corais. Os resultados do estudo confirmaram as hipóteses apresentadas nesta dissertação de que D. meteor responde diferencialmente às plumas de sedimento geradas pela extração de sulfetos maciços (PMS) e nódulos de ferromanganês (NFS) e que esta resposta é diferente para as duas concentrações de sedimento testadas (~10 e ~50 mg. L⁻¹). Os principais resultados deste estudo demostram elevada sensibilidade de D. meteor às partículas de sulfetos polimetálicos (PMS), uma vez que a sobrevivência de todos os fragmentos de corais foi de apenas quatro dias, nas duas concentrações testadas na experiência em aquário. Pelo contrário, os fragmentos de coral expostos a sedimentos de campos de nódulos (NFS) sobreviveram até o final da experiência (28 dias). A atividade dos pólipos dos corais foi menor em ambos os tratamentos com PMS e também foi reduzida sob sedimentos de NFS a 50 mg. L⁻¹ em comparação com sedimentos NFS a 10 mg. L⁻¹ e o tratamento controlo. A necrose e perda de tecido foram evidentes para os tratamentos PMS após apenas dois dias de exposição e em NFS 50 após dezassete dias da experiência, mas não nos tratamentos NSF 10 e controlo. A análise histológica não revelou alterações detectáveis na integridade do tecido ou a presença de partículas de sedimento. As taxas de respiração aumentaram significativamente sob a exposição a PMS após dois dias e diminuíram no tratamento com NFS 50 durante a primeira semana. No entanto, uma análise mais profunda dos efeitos toxicológicos causados por metais associados a partículas de PMS, como bioacumulação de metais nos tecidos dos corais e biomarcadores de stress oxidativo, são necessários para esclarecer as causas da mortalidade de coral D. meteor no tratamento de PMS. Este estudo contribui para alargar o conhecimento sobre os efeitos da mineração do mar profundo na fauna bentónica. As informações aqui apresentadas podem auxiliar na criação de normas, diretrizes e programas de monitorização de atividades de mineração no mar profundo pelo International Seabed Authority Mining Code (ISA). É desejável estender este estudo a outras espécies de corais de águas frias que habitam tanto em fontes hidrotermais inativas nos Açores como na região do CCZ. ABSTRACT: Mining activities for deep-sea mineral resource extraction, such as seafloor massive sulphides and ferromanganese nodules, are expected to impact deep-sea fauna by generating sediment plumes that disperse over large areas of the ocean. Benthic suspension feeders, such as cold-water corals, are likely to be particularly sensitive. Exposure to suspended sediments can mechanically damage corals by smothering and clogging their tissues and by containing toxic substances that affect coral physiological processes. This study elucidates the impacts caused by sediment plumes potentially generated during mining activities for the extraction of nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ), northeastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and seafloor massive sulphides from a hydrothermal vent field in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge region of the Azores (NE Atlantic) on the octocoral Dentomuricea aff. meteor using an aquaria based experiment. For 28 days, corals were exposed to two concentrations (10 and 50 mg. L⁻¹) of suspended plumes of sediments from nodule fields, hydrothermal polymetallic sulphide particles, and a control treatment with no sediment addition. Sediment concentrations were selected based on plume dispersal models, as close-field and far-field plume dispersal scenarios. The effects of sediments were assessed on the survival, tissue condition, polyp activity and respiration rates. Results of the study confirmed the hypotheses put forward in this dissertation that D. meteor responds differentially to sediment plumes generated by the extraction of seafloor massive sulphides (PMS) and ferromanganese nodules (NFS) and that this response is different for the two sediment concentrations tested (~10 and ~50 mg. L⁻¹). The main results of this study showed the high sensitivity of D. meteor to PMS since the survival of all corals nubbins was only four days of the experiment under both concentrations tested. On the contrary, coral fragments exposed to NFS treatments survived until the experiment's end (28 days). Polyp activity was lowest in both PMS treatments and was also reduced under NFS sediments at 50 mg. L⁻¹ compared with NFS sediments at 10 mg. L⁻¹ and control levels. Tissue necrosis and loss were evident in treatments with PMS after only two days’ exposure and in NFS 50 after seventeen days of the experiment but not in NSF 10 and control treatments. Histological analysis did not reveal any detectable changes in tissue integrity or the presence of sediment particles. Respiration rates significantly increased under PMS exposure after two days and decreased in the NFS 50 treatment during the first week. Nonetheless, further analysis of toxicological effects caused by metals associated with PMS particles, such as metal bioaccumulation on coral tissues and antioxidant stress biomarkers, are necessary to clarify the causes of coral D. meteor mortality in the PMS treatment. This research contributes to broadening our knowledge on the effects of deep-sea mining on benthic fauna. The information presented here can aid the creation of standards, guidelines, and monitoring programs of deep sea mining activities by the International Seabed Authority Mining Code (ISA). It is desirableto extend this study to other cold-water coral species in inactive hydrothermal vents in the Azores and the CCZ region.

During the last decades, pastoralist, and agropastoralist populations of the world’s drylands have become exceedingly vulnerable to regional and global changes. Specifically, exacerbated stressors imposed on these populations have adversely affected their food security status, causing humanitarian emergencies and catastrophes. Of these stressors, climate variability and change, land-use and management practices, and dynamics of human demography are of a special importance. These factors affect all four pillars of food security, namely, food availability, access to food, food utilization, and food stability. The objective of this study was to critically review relevant literature to assess the complex web of interrelations and feedbacks that affect these factors. The increasing pressures on the world’s drylands necessitate a comprehensive analysis to advise policy makers regarding the complexity and linkages among factors, and to improve global action. The acquired insights may be the basis for alleviating food insecurity of vulnerable dryland populations. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

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Scholars have been interested in examining what drives pro-environmental behavior. However, only a few scientific studies have been devoted to analyzing and understanding the pro-environmental behavior of those that are on vacation. Therefore, the current paper contributes to the existing literature by employing a text-mining approach to conduct a full-text analysis of 210 articles and (1) describes pro-environmental conceptualization, (2) presents the important topics and studies that have emerged from the literature, and (3) suggests directions for future research. The eight core topics that were uncovered contributed to discussion of the content of publications, related theories, core constructs, methodologies, main authors, and journals. The paper shows that the literature on pro-environmental behavior uses more quantitative than qualitative approaches and uses structural equations or regression analysis to explore the data. The findings also show that researchers tend to employ well-known theories arising from psychology, sociology, and biology. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Today, the growing Asia-Pacific population causes a dramatic growth in energy supply to meet energy demand. The rapid rise in energy demand is causing concern in the region. Thus, the present study scrutinizes the effect of energy policy involvement in steering-up renewable energy development by empirically assessing the role of policy instruments in encouraging residen-tial-scale and commercial-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems. The analysis is performed using a fixed effects estimator on a selected range of policy approaches (market-pull policies and tax incentives) and a technology-push policy (capital grants) in selected Asia-Pacific countries between 1998 and 2015. The return on investment is estimated to measure the incentives of feed-in tariff (FIT) tariff policies for both residential-scale and commercial-scale PV systems. This study has shown the im-portance of a strategic combination between technology-push and market-pull policies as comple-mentary to adopting technology and increasing renewable energy utilization for solar PV systems on a residential scale. Investigations into the effectiveness of regulatory support policies for solar PV systems indicate that energy policies are necessary to facilitate solar PV growth on a residential scale in the Asia-Pacific. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Tese de Doutoramento em Biociência, Ecologia, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra. The present Thesis aims to increase our understanding of the interactions between biological invasions and pollution in hypersaline coastal ecosystems and the mechanisms involved in thermal adaptation using the genera Artemia as model system. Hypersaline ecosystems are widely distributed habitats that provide invaluable economic (e.g., salt and Artemia cysts production) and non-economic services (e.g., conservation of avifauna). From a research point of view, hypersaline ecosystems represent excellent natural laboratories to address a variety of ecological, physiological, and evolutionary questions due to their simple web structure and ecological gradients (e.g., salinity). Moreover, these environments are under increasing threat due to anthropogenic pressure providing suitable contexts to study the individual and combined response to global change. In Chapter I, I studied bioaccumulation of trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in native and invasive Artemia from hypersaline ecosystems in Southern Spain exposed to different sources of pollution. Overall, the invasive Artemia franciscana showed the highest potential to bioaccumulate trace elements, particularly As, compared to the native Artemia parthenogenetica. Given the importance of Artemia as food resource for many species of birds, the high bioaccumulation potential showed by A. franciscana represents an additional indirect impact that had not been previously recognised for the species. I also considered the effect of salinity on the bioaccumulation of trace elements by the different Artemia populations. I found that, generally, bioaccumulation of trace elements was the lowest at the highest salinity. For Odiel data, I also measured the bioaccumulation potential of trace elements from water and sediments by key primary consumers – A. parthenogenetica, Chironomus salinarius and Ochthebius notabilis – exposed to the same conditions of salinity and pollution. Overall, A. parthenogenetica and C. salinarius bioaccumulated the same elements from water and sediment, respectively. Moreover, O. notabilis showed the highest potential to bioaccumulate As and Cu, two of the elements of most concern in Odiel. This represents the most complete study on the bioaccumulation of trace elements in hypersaline ecosystems up to date. In Chapter II and III, I studied the role of pollution in the invasion of A. franciscana, providing some evidence to the “pollution resistance hypothesis” (Rodrigues et al., 2012) from an experimental perspective. First (Chapter II), I investigated the individual effect of acute toxicity of Hg and Zn on the survival of native and invasive Artemia populations from the Iberian Peninsula, collected from saltpans with different levels of Hg- and Zn- contamination. I found that native A. parthenogenetica from Cabo de Gata are extremely resistant to Hg pollution, which may be explained by the long-term history of Hg- contamination in that site (since ancient times). These results suggest that high levels of Hg may have played a key role in the persistence of this native Artemia population. However, no support was found to the “pollution resistance hypothesis” for the native population from Ria de Aveiro (Hg contamination of this complex derived from around 40 years of discharges from a chloralkali plant), which showed similar tolerance to Hg as the A. franciscana population from the same complex. Other factors may be limiting the invasion in this case. Regarding Zn, the pattern of acute sensitivity did not differ between Artemia species, suggesting that this element do not play an important role in the invasion process at that level. Second (Chapter III), I studied the effect of chronic toxicity to Zn on the life history and oxidative stress response of native and invasive Artemia species from saltpans with different levels of Zn contamination. Although no differences in tolerance to acute Zn exposure were detected between the populations tested (Chapter II), the results of long-term exposure strongly suggested that the native Artemia from Odiel is locally adapted (at both reproductive and physiological levels) to Zn contamination and that A. franciscana is highly sensitive. In Chapter IV, I investigated the role of genetic adaptation, epigenetic effects, developmental plasticity, and local microbiota on thermal adaptation. In the early 1980s, A. franciscana from San Francisco Bay, USA, was introduced in Vinh Chau, Vietnam, which represents a +10°C climate change. I used a resurrection ecology approach and compared the response of “ancestral” (from San Francisco) and “derived” populations (from Vinh Chau). I found that the “derived” population shows increased phenotypic tolerance to warming. Yet, strikingly, these changes were not genetic and were not caused by epigenetic marks set by adult parents exposed to heat stress. Further, I did not find any developmental plasticity in response to heat stress, nor any protective effect of heat-tolerant local microbiota. Thus, I concluded that the evolution of Artemia extreme thermal tolerance is only due to transgenerational (great) grandparental effects, possibly epigenetic marks set by parents who were exposed to high temperatures as juveniles. A presente Tese visa o estudo das respostas ecológicas e evolutivas de Artemia, um género-chave nos ecossistemas hipersalinos, a três principais determinantes das alterações globais: invasões biológicas, poluição e alterações climáticas. Os ecossistemas hipersalinos são habitats amplamente distribuídos que proporcionam serviços com valor económico (por exemplo, produção de sal e cistos de Artemia), e não-económico (por exemplo, conservação da avifauna), inestimável. Do ponto de vista da investigação, os ecossistemas hipersalinos representam excelentes laboratórios naturais para abordar uma variedade de questões ecológicas, fisiológicas e evolutivas, devido à sua rede estrutural e gradientes ecológicos (por exemplo, salinidade) simples. Além disso, estes ambientes estão sob ameaça crescente devido à pressão antropogénica, o que proporciona contextos adequados ao estudo das respostas individuais e combinadas às mudanças globais. No Capítulo I, estudei a bioacumulação de elementos-traço (As, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn) em Artemia nativa e invasora de ecossistemas hipersalinos do sul de Espanha expostos a diferentes fontes de poluição. De modo geral, a invasora Artemia franciscana mostrou o maior potencial para bioacumular os elementos-traço, e particularmente As, em comparação com a nativa Artemia parthenogenetica. Dada a importância de Artemia como recurso alimentar para muitas espécies de aves, o alto potencial bioacumulador de A. Franciscana representa um impacto indireto adicional que não tinha sido previamente reconhecido para esta espécie. Também considerei o efeito da salinidade na bioacumulação de elementos-traço pelas diferentes populações de Artemia. Descobri que, geralmente, a bioacumulação de elementos-traço era mais baixa na salinidade mais alta. Nos dados de Odiel, medi também o potencial de bioacumulação de elementos-traço a partir da água e dos sedimentos por consumidores primários principais – A. parthenogenetica, Chironomus salinarius e Ochthebius notabilis – expostos às mesmas condições de salinidade e poluição. De modo geral, A. parthenogenetica e C. salinarius bioacumularam os mesmos elementos da água e dos sedimentos, respetivamente. Além disso, O. notabilis mostrou o maior potencial para bioacumular As e Cu, dois dos elementos mais preocupantes em Odiel. Isto representa até à data o estudo mais completo sobre a bioacumulação de elementos-traço em ecossistemas hipersalinos. Nos Capítulos II e III, estudei o papel da poluição na invasão de A. franciscana, fornecendo algumas evidências da "hipótese de resistência à poluição" (Rodrigues et al., 2012). Primeiro (Capítulo II), investiguei o efeito individual da toxicidade aguda de Hg e Zn na sobrevivência das populações de Artemia nativas e invasoras da Península Ibérica, recolhidas a partir de salinas com diferentes níveis de contaminação por Hg e Zn. Descobri que a nativa A. parthenogenetica de Cabo de Gata é extremamente resistente à contaminação por Hg, o que pode ser explicado pela contaminação por Hg histórica naquele local. Estes resultados sugerem que altos níveis de Hg podem estar a desempenhar um papel fundamental na persistência desta população nativa de Artemia. No entanto, não foi encontrado qualquer apoio à "hipótese de resistência à poluição" para a população nativa da Ria de Aveiro (a contaminação por Hg deste complexo deriva das descargas de uma central de cloro-alcalinos), que apresentava tolerância ao Hg semelhante à população de A. franciscana do mesmo complexo. Neste caso, outros fatores podem estar a limitar a invasão. No que diz respeito ao Zn, o padrão de sensibilidade não diferiu entre as espécies de Artemia, sugerindo que este elemento não desempenha um papel importante no processo de invasão. Depois (Capítulo III), estudei o efeito da exposição a longo prazo ao Zn na história de vida e na resposta ao stress oxidativo das espécies de Artemia nativas e invasoras de salinas com diferentes níveis de contaminação por Zn. Contrariamente ao observado para a exposição aguda ao Zn (Capítulo II), os resultados da exposição a longo prazo sugeriram fortemente que a Artemia nativa de Odiel está adaptada localmente (em níveis reprodutivos e fisiológicos) à contaminação por Zn e que A. franciscana é altamente sensível. No Capítulo IV, investiguei o papel da adaptação genética, dos efeitos epigenéticos, da plasticidade do desenvolvimento e do microbioma local na adaptação térmica. No início da década de 1980, A. franciscana da Baía de São Francisco, EUA, foi introduzida em Vinh Chau, Vietname, o que representa uma mudança climática de +10°C. Usei uma abordagem de ecologia da ressurreição e comparei a resposta das populações “ancestrais” (de São Francisco) e "derivadas" (de Vinh Chau). Descobri que a população "derivada" mostra uma maior tolerância fenotípica ao aquecimento. No entanto, surpreendentemente, estas mudanças não foram genéticas e não foram consequência de marcas epigenéticas definidas por pais adultos expostos ao stress térmico. Além disso, não encontrei qualquer plasticidade de desenvolvimento em resposta ao stress térmico, nem qualquer efeito protetor da microbiota local tolerante ao calor. Assim, concluí que a evolução da tolerância térmica extrema da Artemia se deve apenas aos efeitos transgeracionais dos (bi) avós, possivelmente marcas epigenéticas definidas por progenitores que foram expostos a altas temperaturas enquanto juvenis.

Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses /by/4.0/)., The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) has been gaining increased attention as a sound and innovative instrument in its conceptualization of burnout. BAT has been adapted for several countries, revealing promising validity evidence. This paper aims to present the psychometric properties of the Brazilian and Portuguese versions of the BAT in both the 23-item and 12-item versions. BAT’s validity evidence based on the internal structure (dimensionality, reliability, and measurement invariance) and validity evidence based on the relations to other variables are the focus of research. A cross-sectional study was conducted with two non-probabilistic convenience samples from two countries (N = 3103) one from Brazil (nBrazil = 2217) and one from Portugal (nPortugal= 886). BAT’s original structure was confirmed, and it achieved measurement invariance across countries. Using both classic test theory and item response theory as frameworks, the BAT presented good validity evidence based on the internal structure. Furthermore, the BAT showed good convergent evidence (i.e., work engagement, co-worker support, role clarity, work overload, and negative change). In conclusion, the psychometric properties of the BAT make this freely available instrument a promising way to measure and compare burnout levels of Portuguese and Brazilian workers., Jorge Sinval: This work was produced with the support of INCD, and it was funded by FCT I.P. under the project Advanced Computing Project CPCA/A0/7417/2020, platform Stratus. Ana Claudia S. Vazquez: This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq. Jorge Sinval, and Sílvia Silvia: This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, grant UIDB/00315/2020

In a context of climate crisis, the Amazon Forest is considered a key ecosystem for global climate regulation and biodiversity preservation. Indigenous populations inhabited the forest for centuries, developing extremely biodiverse agroforestry systems which favour the regeneration of the natural ecosystem. However, today the environmental and cultural richness of the Amazon is increasingly threatened by deforestation, in large part related to the advancement of the conventional agriculture frontier. The present research aims at proposing that empowering these traditional ecological systems could be employed by local and international development cooperation as a participatory strategy to promote sustainable development, and so to contribute to preserve the Amazonian ecosystem services and enhance food security. A case study of Chakra Kichwa Amazonica, indigenous agroforestry system of the Ecuadorian Amazon, serves to investigate concrete empowerment actions, to be eventually replicated in other areas of the Amazon Basin. This exploratory research concludes that empowering traditional agroforestry systems can be a valuable strategy to promote sustainable development in the Amazon Basin, but not itself sufficient to ensure a participatory approach. Num contexto de crise climática, a floresta Amazônica é considerada um ecossistema fundamental para a regulação global do clima e a preservação da biodiversidade. As populações indígenas habitaram a floresta durante séculos, desenvolvendo sistemas agroflorestais extremamente biodiversos que favorecem a regeneração do ecossistema natural. No entanto, hoje a riqueza ambiental e cultural da Amazônia é cada vez mais ameaçada pelo desmatamento, em grande parte relacionado ao avanço da fronteira agrícola convencional. A presente investigação visa propor que o empowerment destes sistemas ecológicos tradicionais possa ser utilizada, pela cooperação para o desenvolvimento, como estratégia participativa para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, e assim contribuir para preservar os serviços ecossistemicos amazônicos e melhorar a segurança alimentar. O estudo de caso sobre a Chakra Kichwa Amazonica, sistema agroflorestal indígena da Amazônia equatoriana, è utilizado para investigar açõesconcretas de empoderamento, a serem eventualmente replicadas em outras áreas da Bacia Amazônica. Esta pesquisa exploratória conclui que o empowerment de sistema agroflorestais tradicionais pode ser uma estratégia valiosa para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável na Bacia Amazônica, mas não é por si suficiente para garantir uma abordagem participativa.

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Healthcare innovations emerge and develop in institutionally dense selective environments. New projects and propositions in healthcare sectoral ecosystems can be understood as product-service compacts, that is, complex solutions that dynamically integrate tangible and intangible elements in close interaction with users’ needs and the evolving regulatory context under uncertainty and ambiguity. We advance the concept of “strategic encounters” to encapsulate, capitalise and extend the contribution by Palm and Fischier’s on the key enabling managerial factors for healthcare innovation implementation under conditions of imperfect foresight. We intertwine creative assemblages that shape the formation of knowledge-intensive activities at the operators’ level with scope of sectoral level interventions to underscore how the opportunities and constraints can enhance innovation for the common good. We use the case of digital data health regulatory agendas as illustration. We argue that this broader perspective on healthcare transformation is theoretically pertinent and practically useful, for management and policy. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

From its inception in 2015, the Prevent Duty has required educators, and other members of the social sector, to exercise ‘due regard’ in preventing pupils from being drawn into terrorism, irrespective of the age of the child. This article explores how primary educators have understood and implemented this preventative security policy in their schools. Analysis is based on a survey of 345 primary school educators and 37 semi-structured interviews with primary school educators and Prevent Education Officers from the West Midlands. Through a lens of governmentality, we shed light on how this mandate has been broadly interpreted and exercised by educators within and outside the school gates. In so doing, we contribute to debates on the puzzling acceptance of Prevent in education, on the process whereby educators identify threats, and on the securitisation of educational spaces in a risk society. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The year 2020, due to the pandemic, was a milestone in the history of digital technology in the education sector, allowing a sustainable education although the world was facing a pandemic crisis without precedents. Therefore, in a few days occur a transformation from traditional classroom teaching to online teaching and consequently forced to use digital learning. Nevertheless, more researches are needed to know how was this experience and if there is the intention to maintain the online format. The main goal of this article is to study how digital learning can be an educational format focused on sustainable education. This paper presents a systematic literature review on digital learning through PRISMA methodology, based on a literature search and field research aimed to analyze the significant predictors related to the digital learning experience on the likelihood of choosing to “keep” the online format in the next academic year. An online survey was conducted with 173 university students. The results obtained showed that the significant predictors were factor 1-”Characteristics of online classes; factor 2-”Support from the School and Professors; factor 3-”Online classes vs. face-to-face classes” and gender. The probability of choosing to keep online classes increases exponentially with the characteristics of online classes, with Support from school and teachers; Online classes vs. Face-to-face classes, and keeping factors 1, 2, and 3 constant the probability if a man chooses the online format compared to a woman is higher. This online format thus acquires central importance in the contemporary sustainability debate. The kind of life, education, and society we will have in the future will depend on the quality, depth, and extent of the learning processes we can create and exercise individually and socially. Education, and educators in particular, who concentrate on the tasks of designing and implementing social teaching and learning models, have a unique responsibility in this process. Although the reduced sample size the present work can provide strategic information for university staff, contributing to designing and implementation a sustainable education. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Montesinho Natural Park is one of the largest Portuguese natural protected areas, presenting good biodiversity and a cultural heritage with a strong connection to the territory and its people. It constitutes a low-density territory, characterized by a human and social landscape based on community practices, such as joint aid and the community use of goods and means of agricultural production, which have contributed to the construction of the “transmontana” identity and to the richness of the habitats. The promotion of the sustainable development of this low-density rural region demands the understanding of its specificities and an appropriate approach to grasp its challenges and develop effective management tools, allowing to preserve and exploit the region’s potential from various perspectives. The purpose of this article is to develop an analytical model using a literature review and a survey of the region’s specificities. This analytical model intends to provide the basis for designing and assessing sustainable development solutions, increasing local entrepreneurship and community empowerment through regional dynamism, with a focus on environment and heritage preservation, universal tourism accessibility, collective memory and endogenous product development. The suggested model adopts an interdisciplinary perspective and stresses that, in order to ensure that the new initiatives will contribute to the territory’s sustainable development, they should be scrutinized by asking four main questions: Is the initiative promoting the rural development of the territory through the creation of synergies between agroforestry and tourism activities? Is the initiative promoting an inclusive and sustainable tourism that is based on the territory’s resources? Are heritage and collective memory being preserved and valued through the initiative? Is the initiative promoting the empowerment of local communities? info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives., National Science Center, Poland [2019/33/N/HS6/00054]; Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University); Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF; FCT [UID/PSI/03125/2021, SFRH/BD/126304/2016]; UTAR Research Centre Excellence Award; Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman [2019 -CAP (6401/0019)], This work is the result of the research project funded by the National Science Center, Poland (2019/33/N/HS6/00054). Dmitry Grigoryev was supported by the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).; Dmitrii Dubrov was supported by the Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF.; Patricia Arriaga was supported by the FCT through funds from the research center UID/PSI/03125/2021. Anabela C. Santos was supported by the FCT through funds from a PhD grant SFRH/BD/126304/2016. Kavitha Nalla Muthu and Chee-Seng Tan were supported by the UTAR Research Centre Excellence Award 2019 -CAP (6401/0019) from the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.

This paper tries to understand whether access to land in the Central Plateau of Angola can reduce hunger, poverty, food insecurity and thereby contribute to sustainable regional development. The Q Method approach based on the selection and ranking of phrases collected from local authorities allow the identification of different attitudes that constraint sustainable development related to access to land and food security. The State disagrees with the potential of small farms, Family Farms do not agree with the importance of access to land and those who have access to land disagree with the role of the market. Summing up the results of this exercise recognize that access to land is a solution to the hunger and food insecurity that is at odds with governments and the community. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Traffic accidents in urban areas lead to reduced quality of life and added pressure in the cities’ infra-structures. In the context of smart city data is becoming available that allows a deeper analysis of the phenomenon. We propose a data fusion process from different information sources like road accidents, weather conditions, local authority reports tools, traffic, fire brigade. These big data analytics allow the creation of knowledge for local municipalities using local data. Data visualizations allow big picture overview. This paper presents an approach to the geo-referenced accident-hotspots identification. Using ArcGIS Pro, we apply Kernel Density and Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) tools, identifying the existence of black spots in terms of location and context conditions, and evaluate the possible human, environmental and circumstantial factors that may influence the severity of accidents. The results were validated by an expert committee. This approach can be applied to other cites wherever this data is available. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

International bureaucracies, also called International Public Administrations (IPAs), have been identified as potentially influential actors within the global climate change regime complex. To assess how these organizations exert influence, scholars have predominantly relied on case studies, interviews and descriptive (network) statistics. This article aims to contribute to this literature with a systematic analysis that is not limited to an organization, issue or region, but applies exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to data from an original large-N survey (n=342) of participants of global climate negotiations. Our findings indicate that IPAs have a considerable potential to influence global climate policy outputs. This potential influence is associated with the information they provide to regime stakeholders. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Framed by the North–South conflict, this article conducts a historico-conceptual analysis of the politics of South-South cooperation (SSC) from a decolonial Global South perspective. Based on documentary analysis and a review of academic SSC literature, three distinct periods of SSC post-1945 are identified: Concertation (1945–1981); Containment (1981–1995); and Cooptation vs Confrontation (1995–present). This periodization complements previous endeavours of its kind, whereby the rationale here is that a historical understanding of SSC politics and neo-colonial/imperialist counter-politics is indispensable for emancipatory social praxis. With co-optation of SSC backed by coercion as the Global North’s contemporary tactic within the strategy of re-Westernisation, I argue for the Global South to reclaim SSC as a strategy to move from delinking as de-Westernisation towards delinking as decoloniality in the context of crisis of the capitalist world order. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Remote sensing data covering large geographical areas can be easily accessed and are being acquired with greater frequency. The massive volume of data requires an automated image analysis system. By taking advantage of the increasing availability of data using computer vision, we can design specific systems to automate data analysis and detection of archaeological objects. In the past decade, there has been a rise in the use of automated methods to assist in the identification of archaeological sites in remote sensing imagery. These applications offer an important contribution to non-intrusive archaeological exploration, helping to reduce the traditional human workload and time by signalling areas with a higher probability of presenting archaeological sites for exploration. This survey describes the state of the art of existing automated image analysis methods in archaeology and highlights the improvements thus achieved in the detection of archaeological monuments and areas of interest in landscape-scale satellite and aerial imagery. It also presents a discussion of the benefits and limitations of automatic detection of archaeological structures, proposing new approaches and possibilities. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Although there is evidence that pets may help individuals who are facing significant daily stressors, little is known about the benefits of pet-friendly practices for their owners’ well-being. Based on the social exchange theory and on the Rusbult investment model, we argue that organizational pet-friendly practices will be viewed as a source of support from an organization that increases workers’ organizational identification, which in turn will lead to higher levels of psychological well-being and life satisfaction. For this study, 208 working adults answered an online questionnaire. Results from the study showed that the more pet-friendly practices the higher the workers’ organizational identification, which led to higher indices of psychological well-being and life satisfaction. This study contributes to a better understanding of the human–animal interaction and how pets can function as a resource for individuals’ well-being at work. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Mestrado (Trabalho de Projeto), Ambiente, Saúde e Segurança, 2 de dezembro de 2021, Universidade dos Açores. Anualmente, chegam aos oceanos de todo o mundo cerca de 6,4 milhões de toneladas de lixo. Os sectores do turismo e das pescas, têm vindo a manifestar uma preocupação crescente perante esta problemática, promovendo algumas ações no sentido de minimizar o lixo marinho, os Açores não são exceção. Neste sentido, este projeto tem como finalidade a elaboração de um guia de boas práticas na Região Autónoma dos Açores, direcionado a atividades marítimas realizadas em embarcações de pequeno calado na região. A conceção deste guia teve por base uma consulta prévia dos seus potenciais utilizadores através de um inquérito respondido online. Modelado para guia de bolso, este manual está dividido em essencialmente duas secções, a pesca artesanal e as atividades marítimo-turísticas. O guia aborda o impacto do lixo marinho nos oceanos, através de informação fornecida sob a forma de texto, imagens e frases impactantes sobre o mesmo, alertando para os perigos para a biodiversidade marinha, para a saúde humana e ambiental. Acresce ainda de recomendações gerais para a população com a finalidade de reciclar e minimizar o lixo produzido. Neste sentido, o objetivo passa por alertar os setores alvos das consequências do lixo marinho, sensibilizando-os para a implementação de boas práticas aquando da utilização do mar. ABSTRACT: Every year, about 6.4 million tons of rubbish reach the world's oceans. The tourism and fisheries sectors have been showing a growing concern about this problem, promoting some actions to minimize the marine litter, the Azores are no exception. In this sense, this project aims to elaborate a guide of good practices in the Autonomous Region of the Azores, directed to maritime activities carried out in small boats in the region. The conception of this guide was based on a previous consultation of its potential users through a survey answered online. Designed as a pocket guide, this manual is essentially divided into two sections, artisanal fisheries, and maritime-tourism activities. The guide addresses the impacts of marine litter in the oceans, through information provided in the form of text, images and impactful phrases about it, warning of the dangers to marine biodiversity, human and environmental health. It also provides general recommendations for the population to recycle and minimize the waste produced. In this sense, the aim is to alert the target sectors to the consequences of marine litter, making them aware of the implementation of good practices when using the ocean.

Os produtos de chocolate incluem-se nos produtos de confeitaria mais procurados pelos consumidores devido às suas características sensoriais únicas, encontrando-se disponíveis atualmente num largo leque de opções. As novas tendências incluem uma maior procura por referências com maior valor nutricional, orgânico, de comércio justo e de origem única. O presente trabalho integrou a caracterização nutricional, física e química de chocolates produzidos com cacau de diferentes origens, tendo-se avaliado o perfil nutricional, compostos bioativos, composição mineral, açúcares, ácidos orgânicos e metilxantinas. Foi feito, ainda, o estudo do perfil térmico e mecânico de chocolates durante a transição de fase, com avaliação do impacto na textura e aspecto visual após conservação. Finalmente, foi realizado o estudo da aplicação de diferentes tratamentos por hiperpressão no aumento do tempo de prateleira de recheios de chocolate, comparativamente ao armazenamento convencional em refrigeração ou congelação, através da monitorização de parâmetros físico-químicos, mecânicos e microbiológicos. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o chocolate produzido com cacau do Brasil apresentou o maior teor de PUFA e riboflavina, mas também altos níveis de tocoferol, atividade antioxidante e ácido cítrico, semelhante a Madagáscar. Por outro lado, Madagáscar, apresentou o maior conteúdo proteico e fenólico. Venezuela apresentou o maior conteúdo de niacina, ferro e cafeína. O México apresentou o maior teor de frutose. São Tomé apresentou os maiores teores de minerais enxofre e fósforo. A aplicação da DSC permitiu observar a predominância da forma (V), no chocolate temperado, e uma presença simultânea das formas (V) e (VI), no chocolate não temperado. A aplicação da reometria e termografia permitiu definir que a transição de fase durante o arrefecimento ocorreu na faixa de temperaturas entre 21ºC e 13ºC, em chocolate temperado, e na faixa entre 21ºC e 11ºC em chocolate não temperado. Tal como expectável, foram observados valores mais elevados na dureza em ensaios com chocolate temperado, variando de 30.6N a 64.0N enquanto no ensaio com chocolate não temperado a variação ocorreu entre 14.0N a 20.9N. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento por hiperpressão a 600 MPa durante 20 minutos foi o mais eficaz no controlo dos mesófilos totais, apresentando resultados aceitáveis após 12 meses de conservação, permitindo o prolongamento do tempo de prateleira até essa data de acordo com as recomendações existentes. Chocolate products are among the most sought foods by consumers due to their unique sensory features and are currently available in a wide range of options. New trends include a higher search for references with higher nutritional value, organic, fair trade and single origin. The present work integrated the nutritional, physical and chemical characterization of chocolates produced with cocoa from different origins, evaluating the nutritional profile, bioactive compounds, mineral composition, sugars, organic acids and methylxanthines. The study of the thermal and mechanical profile of chocolates during the phase transition was also carried out, with an evaluation of the impact on texture and visual appearance after storage. Finally, a study was carried out on the application of different treatments by hyper pressure to increase the shelf life of chocolate fillings, when compared to conventional storage in refrigeration or freezing, through monitoring physicochemical, mechanical and microbiological parameters. The obtained results revealed a higher content of PUFA and riboflavin in chocolate produced with cocoa from Brazil, still presenting high levels of tocopherol, antioxidant activity and citric acid, similar to Madagascar. On the other hand, Madagascar, presented the highest protein and phenolic content. Venezuela presented the highest content of niacin, iron and caffeine. Mexico presented the highest fructose content. São Thomé presented the highest levels of sulfur and phosphorus minerals. The application of DSC presented a predominance of the (V) form in tempered chocolate, and a simultaneous presence of the (V) and (VI) forms in untempered chocolate. The application of rheometry and thermography showed phase transition during cooling between 21ºC and 13ºC, in tempered chocolate, and between 21ºC and 11ºC in untempered chocolate. As expected, higher hardness values were observed in tempered chocolates, ranging from 30.6N to 64.0N, while in the untempered chocolate test the variation occurred between 14.0N to 20.9N. The results showed that hyper pressure treatment at 600 MPa for 20 minutes was the most effective in controlling total mesophiles, with acceptable results after 12 months of storage, allowing the shelf life to be extended until that date, according to existing recommendations.

As alterações climáticas, associadas ao aumento da [CO2] atmosférica (eCO2) e a alterações nos padrões pluviométricos intra e interanuais, tornarão mais frequentes e severos os episódios de défice hídrico sobre as culturas, incluindo a do café uma das mais importantes da região tropical. Pretendeu-se estudar os processos de aclimatação do cafeeiro ao défice hídrico, e compreender o potencial efeito mitigador do eCO2 em plantas: 1) de dois genótipos das principais espécies produtoras, Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner cv. Conilon Clone 153 (CL153) e C. arabica L. cv. Icatu), 2) desenvolvidas em [CO2] atmosférica ambiente (aCO2, 380 μL L-1) e elevada (eCO2, 700 μL L-1), 3) submetidas a conforto hídrico (WW), e défices hídrico moderado (MWD) e severo (SWD), 4) focando o processo fotossíntético e mecanismos de defesa/aclimatação. Em aCO2, o MWD diminuiu a fotossíntese líquida (Pn), sem efeitos não-estomáticos em ambos os genótipos. SWD afetou significativamente a maquinaria fotossintética de CL153, mas não a de Icatu. Este mostrou tolerância, mantendo o funcionamento potencial (e.g., capacidade fotossintética, Amax; eficiência fotoquímica do fotossistema (PS) II, Fv/Fm; atividade da RuBisCO) e reforçando componentes fotossintéticos (e.g., proteínas ligadas aos PSs; transportadores tilacoidais de eletrões, como PQ-9 e Cit f), e outros ligados a mecanismos de defesa como pigmentos fotoprotetores (zeaxantina, Zea; luteína), enzimas antioxidativas (Cu,Zn-superoxido dismutase, SOD), moléculas de proteção (proteína de choque térmico, HSP70; componentes do transporte cíclico de eletrões, CEF), conjugado com alterações qualitativas e quantitativas dos ácidos gordos (AGs) das membranas cloroplastidiais. Em eCO2 e WW, a Pn aumentou em ambos os genótipos, suportada pela redução da limitação à difusão de CO2 e da fotorespiração, e pelo reforço de componentes foto- e bioquímicos (e.g., PSs, RuBisCO). A interação eCO2 vs. MWD traduziu-se no menor impacto da seca na Pn e reforço de moléculas de proteção (e.g., Zea; ascorbato peroxidase, APX; ascorbato, Asc; HSP70) em ambos os genótipos. Em CL153 sob SWD, o eCO2, promoveu aumentos moderados de carotenoides (significativo para neoxantina), enzimas antioxidativas, Asc, e dos principais AGs (C18:3 e C16:0), reverteu o impacto nos PSs e citocromos, resultando na redução da fotoinibição crónica e do índice de dano membranar. Já em Icatu, a eCO2 reforçou componentes (e.g., citocromos; actividade dos PSs) e moléculas protectoras (SOD; APX; Asc; HSP70), mantendo aumentos já observados em aCO2 (e.g., carotenoides; proteínas ligadas aos fotossistemas, CEF, AGs). Em síntese, o eCO2 melhora a resposta do cafeeiro à seca, o que associado a uma eficiente gestão de rega poderá contribuir a futura sustentabilidade desta cultura. Climate change, associated with the atmospheric [CO2] increase (eCO2) and changes in intra- and inter-annual rainfall patterns, will boost the frequency and severity of water deficit episodes to crops, including coffee, one of the most important one in the tropical region. The aim was to study the acclimation processes of coffee to water deficit, and the unveil the potential mitigating effect of eCO2 on plants: 1) of two genotypes from the main producing species, Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner cv. Conilon Clone 153 (CL153) and C. arabica L. cv. Icatu), 2) grown under ambient (aCO2, 380 μL L-1) and elevated (eCO2, 700 μL L-1) ai [CO2], 3) subjected to well-water (WW), moderate (MWD) and severe (SWD) water deficits conditions, 4) focusing on the photosynthetic processes and the defence/acclimation mechanisms. Under aCO2, MWD reduced net photosynthesis (Pn), without non-stomatal effects in both genotypes. SWD significantly affected the photosynthetic machinery of CL153, but not of Icatu. The latter showed tolerance, keeping the potential functioning (e.g., photosynthetic capacity, Amax; photosystem (PS) II photochemical efficiency, Fv/Fm; RuBisCO activity), and reinforcing photosynthetic components (e.g., PS associated proteins; thylakoid electron carriers, such as PQ-9 and Cit f), and others linked to defence mechanisms, such as photoprotective pigments (zeaxanthin, Zea; lutein), antioxidative enzymes (Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, SOD), protective molecules (heat shock protein, HSP70; components of cyclic electron transport; CEF), coupled with qualitative and quantitative changes in fatty acids (FAs) of chloroplast membranes. Under eCO2 and WW, Pn raised in both genotypes, supported by reduced CO2 diffusion limitation and photorespiration, and by enhanced photo- and biochemical components (e.g., PSs, RuBisCO). The eCO2 and MWD interaction was shown by the lower drought impact on Pn and enhancement of protective molecules (e.g., Zea; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; ascorbate, Asc; HSP70) in both genotypes. In CL153 exposed to SWD, eCO2 promoted moderate increases in carotenoids (significant for neoxanthin), antioxidative enzymes, Asc and the major FAs (C18:3 and C16:0), reverted the impact on PSs and cytochromes, ultimately reducing chronic photoinhibition and the membrane injury index. In Icatu, eCO2 reinforced components (e.g., cytochromes; PSs activity) and protective molecules (SOD; APX; Asc; HSP70), while kept increases already found under aCO2 (e.g., carotenoids; proteins associated to PSs, CEF; AGs). In summary, eCO2 improves the coffee plant response to drought, which associated with efficient irrigation management may contribute to the future sustainability of this crop.

In the process of automatic container terminal loading and unloading, the threedimensional attitude of the container affects the security of loading and unloading operations, so the three-dimensional attitude positioning of the container is very important. In this paper, a visual non-contact measurement method is used to realize the real-time orientation of the threedimensional attitude of the container. First, the container corner is coarsely positioned by a smallscale deep learning network. Secondly, the precise position of the container keyhole is obtained by the secondary positioning of the container corner through the traditional image processing algorithm, and the container posture is measured in three dimensions by combining the physical motion model of the container during loading and unloading. After testing, unlike previous measurement methods, the measurement accuracy of this method met the requirements of automatic loading and unloading of container terminals, and the measurement time met the requirements of real-time measurement. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ambiente, Saúde e Segurança, 22 de novembro de 2021, Universidade dos Açores. Os recursos naturais são aqueles que se situam entre as mais tradicionais ofertas de atratividade turística em todo o mundo. A natureza é um produto com cada vez mais procura, pois é uma forma de fuga do cotidiano agitado dos grandes centros urbanos. Nos Açores, o Plano Estratégico e de Marketing do Turismo dos Açores (PEMTA, 2016) definiu o turismo de natureza como um dos principais produtos turísticos da região, um produto cada vez mais procurado. Perceber se a maior afluência de turistas à região, por via da existência de voos Low Cost, traduz uma maior pressão nas áreas protegidas de São Miguel, torna-se cada vez mais premente. O aumento do uso dos trilhos pedestres que atravessam estas áreas provoca uma maior pressão sobre eles. Uma forma de avaliar essa pressão, ainda que de forma indireta, é através da análise feita neste estudo, à variação de turistas desembarcados na ilha de São Miguel e a dados geográficos partilhados de forma voluntária pelos seus usuários, no contexto das atividades recreativas, consideradas como desportos de natureza, como o Trail Running e Geocaching. Os resultados obtidos mostram um incremento significativo no número de passageiros desembarcados na ilha de São Miguel, desde a liberalização do espaço aéreo dos Açores em março de 2015, e a entrada das companhias aéreas Low Cost. Este aumento, aliado ao facto de muitos desses passageiros pretenderem usufruir da natureza local, através da prática de desportos de natureza, deverá ser considerado como um potencial agente de mudança ecológica. Com a aplicação do inquérito por questionário ao evento Epic Trail Run Azores foi ainda possível determinar a idade média dos praticantes de Trail Running, assim como as suas habilitações académicas, o seu estado civil, fatores que podem ser determinantes para a sua consciência ambiental, mas também se foi a sua primeira participação em eventos como o deste género e quais as suas motivações para a participação, estando entre elas o facto de existirem voos Low Cost. Face aos resultados que denotam um aumento significativo na intensidade de uso dos trilhos pedestres da região, em particular de S. Miguel, apercebemo-nos da importância de um planeamento e gestão adequada para os trilhos pedestres, principalmente aqueles que atravessam as áreas protegidas, ainda mais agora que os Açores receberam, em 2019, a certificação internacional de destino sustentável, por uma entidade acreditada pelo Conselho Global de Turismo Sustentável. ABSTRACT: Natural resources are those that are among the most traditional tourist attractions in the world. Nature is a product that is increasingly in demand, as it is a way to escape the hectic daily life of large urban centers. In the Azores, the Azores Tourism Strategic and Marketing Plan (PEMTA, 2016) defined nature tourism as one of the main tourist products in the region, a product that is increasingly in demand. Realizing whether the greater influx of tourists to the region, through the existence of Low Cost flights, translates into greater pressure on the protected areas of São Miguel, becomes increasingly urgent. The increased use of footpaths that cross these areas puts greater pressure on them. One way to assess this pressure, albeit indirectly, is through the analysis made in this study, the variation of tourists landed on the island of São Miguel and the geographic data shared voluntarily by users, in the context of recreational activities, considered as nature sports such as Trail Running and Geocaching. The results obtained show a significant increase in the number of passengers landed on the island of São Miguel, from the liberalization of the Azores airspace in March 2015 and the entry of Low Cost airlines. This increase, together with the fact that many other passengers want to enjoy the local nature, through the practice of nature sports, should be considered as a potential agent of ecological change. With the application of the questionnaire survey to the Epic Trail Run Azores event, it was also possible to determine the average age of practitioners of Trail Running, as well as their academic qualifications, their marital status, factors that can be determinant for their environmental awareness, but it was also your first participation in events such as this one and what are your motivations for participating, including the fact that there are Low Cost flights. Given the results that show a significant increase in the intensity of use of walking trails in the region, in São Miguel, we realize the importance of an adequate resource and management for walking trails, especially those that cross protected areas, even more now that the Azores received, in 2019, an international certification of sustainable destination, by an entity accredited by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.

The purpose of this study is to carry out a systematic literature review and map the service climate in hospitality to discuss the future of the construct as a sustainable competitive advantage. A bibliometric (Bibliometrix) and network (VOSviewer) analysis were conducted in order to review the literature of 63 hospitality service climate articles published between 2005 and 2021, covering 167 authors, 30 journals, 17 countries, and indexed with 241 authors keywords. The “International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management” presents the most considerable accumulated growth of the hospitality service climate articles. The content analysis showed a total sample with 3519 customers and 23,068 employees, and all include women and men. The studies were carried out mainly in Asia. The research trend topics revealed that performance is one of the most crucial link factors, and keywords such as service climate, performance, antecedents, and perceptions are closely related. Finally, it is essential to highlight that the new trends are related to technology, industrial revolution 4.0, big data, and HR analytics. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The mining industry not only plays a very significant role in the modern society, as it allows the access to mineral resources, but has been also fundamental throughout Human History. How- ever, there have been situations, especially in the past centuries, for which an adequate plan has not been considered to ensure adequate mine closure processes. In some cases, mines became abandoned, which brings strong negative impacts to the surrounding environment, the develop- ment of the regions and even to local communities. This dissertation was developed with the support of the EIT Project Reference 19075 “ReviRis: Revitalising Post-Mining Regions: Problems and Potential in RIS Europe” and its main objective consisted in establishing criteria and indicators to be considered in the rehabilitation of post-mining regions and in its supporting multi-criteria decision-analysis (MCDA) processes. MCDA is a valuable tool applicable to solve problems that are characterized as a choice among alternatives. In the present context, the aim of MCDA processes is to select the best rehabilitation option to be implemented in a specific mining area after its closure according to its site specific- ities. The selection of a post-mining land use considers a large amount of information that needs to be compared to reach a final decision. This information comes in different forms and is related with different subjects. Several MCDA methods have been developed. The general concept is closely the same: evaluate possible alternatives for a certain problem based on selected criteria. In most of the methods a weight (a relative importance) for each criterion is considered. In this study, five criteria groups were developed: economic, environmental, geoethical, technical and potential regional development. These criteria groups were then sub-divided in lower levels of more detail to allow a more precise evaluation. To test the established criteria and sub-criteria, distinct MCDA methods were applied to a Portuguese mining site - Urgeiriça. The results high- light the differences between distinct methods and show how the criteria weights play a very relevant role in the results, evidencing that the usage and management of the available information is crucial in problems of this type. A indústria mineira não só desempenha um papel muito significativo na sociedade mo- derna dado que permite o acesso aos recursos minerais, mas também é uma atividade crucial em todos os períodos da história da Humanidade. No entanto, têm surgido situações, sobretudo nos últimos séculos, em que não foi considerado um planeamento adequado que assegure um fecho da mina apropriado. Em alguns casos, as minas ficam abandonadas, o que traz impactes negativos fortes para o ambiente envolvente, o desenvolvimento da região e até para as comunidade locais. Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do EIT Project Reference 19075 “ReviRis: Revitalising Post-Mining Regions: Problems and Potential in RIS Europe” e o seu foco principal consiste em estabelecer critérios e indicadores a considerar na reabilitação de regiões post-mining (antigas regiões mineiras) para subsequente aplicação de métodos de análise multi-critério de apoio à decisão (MCDA). MDCA é uma ferramenta útil na resolução de problemas caracterizados como uma escolha entre várias alternativas. No presente contexto, o objetivo principal associado á aplicação destes método é o de selecionar a melhor opção (ou melhores opções) de reabilitação a ser implementada numa área mineira específica, após o seu fecho de acordo com as condições e características do local. A seleção de um uso do solo post-mining tem em conta uma grande quantidade de infor- mação que necessita de ser comparada de modo a alcançar uma decisão final. Esta informação assume diferentes formas e está relacionado com diferentes tópicos. Muitos métodos MCDA têm sido desenvolvidos. O conceito geral é normalmente muito semelhante: avaliação das alternativas possíveis para um determinado problema tendo por base critérios previamente estabelecidos. Na maioria destes métodos é considerado um peso (uma importância relativa) para cada critério con- siderado. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos cinco grupos de critérios: económico, ambiental, geoético, técnico e desenvolvimento regional potencial. Estes grupos foram depois subdivididos em níveis menores de maior detalhe permitindo uma avaliação mais precisa. De modo a testar os critérios e subcritérios estabelecidos, foram aplicados diferentes métodos MCDA numa mina por- tuguesa – Urgeiriça. Os resultados realçam as diferenças entre os métodos distintos e mostram como os pesos dos critérios desempenham um papel de elevada relevância nos resultados finais, evidenciando que o uso e a gestão da informação disponível é crucial em problemas deste tipo.

Dissertação de Mestrado, Geologia do Ambiente e Sociedade, 27 de outubro de 2021, Universidade dos Açores. O arquipélago de Cabo Verde é composto por 10 ilhas, tendo sido a Ilha do Fogo palco da última erupção ocorrida neste país. Contando com uma população de cerca de 37000 habitantes, torna-se fundamental compreender o comportamento das erupções vulcânicas do passado e implementar técnicas de monitorização remota que possam mitigar riscos e apoiar a gestão de crises. A erupção no Vulcão do Fogo que teve início em novembro de 2014 foi o primeiro evento eruptivo captado pelo satélite Sentinel-1A, lançado a 3 de abril de 2014. O presente trabalho procurou complementar estudos anteriores, apresentando as potencialidades que o uso de dados de radar de abertura sintética Sentinel-1 oferecem para a monitorização de áreas vulcânicas, contribuindo para o reforço do conhecimento atual cujo objetivo fundamental é o apoio à decisão na gestão de crises, através da deteção e análise de anomalias existentes no sistema. Para tal, foram gerados interferogramas com imagens de datas anteriores, de durante, e posteriores ao evento eruptivo. Foram apresentadas, testadas e avaliadas diferentes abordagens metodológicas (baseadas em técnicas InSAR), usando produtos SLC e GRD do Sentinel-1, aplicadas à erupção de 2014/2015 do Vulcão do Fogo (Cabo Verde). Foram identificadas as respetivas vantagens e desvantagens, mais-valias e constrangimentos associados à utilização destes dados. Na generalidade, os resultados obtidos usando ambos os tipos de dados do Sentinel-1 corroboraram os resultados e conclusões de trabalhos anteriormente publicados que usaram técnicas de deteção remota no estudo e análise deste evento eruptivo. No caso dos produtos derivados de dados do tipo SLC, por serem dados com maior complexidade e tamanho, apresentam maiores e distintas possibilidades de análises, tais como a coerência interferométrica e o cálculo de deformação superficial do solo. No entanto, ao usar o software SNAP da ESA no processamento de dados SLC do Sentinel-1, a fiabilidade e robustez dos resultados obtidos acaba por estar muito dependente de dados externos de entrada, como o Modelo Digital de Elevação da Ilha do Fogo obtido através da missão SRTM, que apresenta falhas em zonas relevantes da área de estudo. No que diz respeito ao uso de produtos do tipo GRD, foi demonstrado que estes dados podem constituir um importante contributo para uma monitorização de eventos vulcânicos em tempo quase-real, por serem arquivos menos pesados e complexos que os dados SLC, e por serem disponibilizados já na forma pré-processada, requerendo, portanto, menor capacidade computacional (um constrangimento relevante em momentos de crise). No entanto, esse produto não inclui informações de fase, diminuindo o seu potencial de análise quando comparado com os dados de tipo SLC. Entretanto, foi demonstrado o elevado potencial do uso destes dados GRD para a deteção de alterações na superfície do solo usando os mesmos cenários temporais (antes, durante e após o evento eruptivo). As análises efetuadas permitem concluir que, apesar da menor sensibilidade dos dados GRD em áreas com rugosidades semelhantes, este produto se apresenta como uma alternativa viável para monitorização de eventos eruptivos em tempo quase-real, especialmente quando associados ao uso de ferramentas de processamento em nuvem como a plataforma do Google Earth Engine. ABSTRACT: The Cape Verde archipelago is composed of 10 islands. Fogo Island has been the center stage of the last eruption in this country. With a population of 37000 inhabitants, understanding the eruptive history and introducing remote sensing techniques can be paramount to mitigate volcanic risks and improve decision-making during crisis management. The last eruption in the Fogo Volcano, which began in November 2014, was the first eruptive event captured by the Sentinel-1A satellite, launched on April 3, 2014. The present work sought to complement previous research and present the potential of utilizing the data from the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-1 mission to better monitor active volcanic areas and improve knowledge of base levels to help detect anomalies in the system. Thus, InSAR techniques were applied to SAR data acquired before, during, and after the eruptive event. Different InSAR-based methodological approaches using Sentinel-1’s SLC and GRD products related to the 2014/2015 eruption of the Fogo Volcano (Cape Verde) were tested and evaluated. Several techniques implying using the SLC and GRD products from Sentinel-1 were presented, pointing towards favorable and unfavorable factors in their utilization. Overall, the results obtained using both types of Sentinel-1 data corroborate the results and conclusions of previously published work that used remote sensing techniques to study and analyze this eruptive event. In the case of products derived from SLC, as it is data with greater complexity and size, they present more robust and diverse options for analysis, such as interferometric coherence computation and soil surface deformation calculation. However, when using ESA’s SNAP software to process Sentinel-1's SLC data, the reliability and robustness of the results obtained turns out to be very dependent on ancillary input data, such as the Fogo Island Digital Elevation Model computed by using SRTM data, which shows failures in relevant areas of the study area. Hence, GRD type products can be an excellent asset for near real-time volcanic event monitoring, for being less complex data than SLC type and being openly delivered using a pre-processed format requiring less computational capacity - a relevant constraint in crisis management. However, this product does not include phase information, reducing the full potential of the analytical possibilities. Nevertheless, the high potential of using GRD data to detect land surface changes using the same temporal scenarios (before, during, and after the eruptive event) was highlighted. The analyzes performed allowed us to conclude that, despite the lower sensitivity of the GRD data in areas with similar roughness, this product presents itself as a viable alternative for monitoring eruptive events in near-real time, especially when associated with the use of cloud processing tools like the Google Earth Engine platform.

The environmental costs arising from unsustainable production patterns have increased to the point that organisations are now expected to adopt more responsible practices. Pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) in the workplace can significantly contribute to bettering companies’ environmental performance and sustainability transition. This research investigated the interactive role of norms and attitudes in predicting voluntary energy conservation behaviours, based on a correlational study of 189 Portuguese workers. The study examined whether perceived norm conflicts involving co‐workers, closer colleagues and leaders’ behaviours promote or hinder workers’ own PEBs and whether attitudinal ambivalence towards their organisation’s pro-environmental initiatives is a moderator of this relationship. Controlling for the effect of the pro-environmental organisational climate, the ages of employees and organisation size, the results confirm that felt ambivalence moderates the relationship between norm conflict and reported energy conservation behaviours. The findings indicate that ambivalent workers are less likely to engage in PEBs if they perceive norm conflict, that is, if other staff members are not equally motivated to adopt those behaviours. Conversely, norm conflict had an energising effect on non-ambivalent workers. The results thus indicate that organisations could benefit from promoting their environmental policies more explicitly, encouraging their employees to discuss these initiatives and making voluntary PEBs more visible in the workplace. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion