101 results on '"Changjun, Liao"'
Search Results
2. Biochar performance for preventing cadmium and arsenic accumulation, and the health risks associated with mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in co-contaminated soils
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Yili Zang, Min Wang, M.J.I. Shohag, Lingli Lu, Tieguang He, Changjun Liao, Zengyu Zhang, Jiancheng Chen, Xiaoshuang You, Yihan Zhao, Yanyan Wei, and Shengke Tian
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Cadmium ,Arsenic ,Biochar feedstocks ,Long-term immobilization ,Microbial communities ,Environmental pollution ,TD172-193.5 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in co-contaminated soil can enter the human body harming health via the food chain, such as vegetables. Biochar derived from waste has been used to reduce heavy metal uptake by plant, but long-term effects of biochar under Cd and As co-contaminated soil needs to be investigated. A following mustard (Brassica juncea) was grown on co-contaminated soil amended with different raw materials of biochar including biochars pyrolyzed by lignite coal (LCB), rice straw (RSB), silkworm excrement (SEB), and sugar refinery sludge (SSB). The results showed that compared to the control, Cd and As contents of mustard shoot in SSB treatment decreased by 45–49% and 19–37% in two growing seasons, respectively, which was the most effective among 4 biochars. This probably due to SSB owns more abundant Fe-O functional groups. Biochar also altered the microbial community composition, specifically SSB increased proteobacteria abundance by 50% and 80% in the first and second growing seasons, thereby promoted the simultaneous immobilization of Cd and As in soils which may reduce the potential risks to humans. In summary, considering the long-term effects and security of SSB application on mustard, not only is it an effective waste recycle option, but it should also be promoted as a promising approach for safe vegetable production in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.
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- 2023
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3. Application of Exogenous Iron Alters the Microbial Community Structure and Reduces the Accumulation of Cadmium and Arsenic in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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Tingting Li, Jiayuan Li, Xin Zhan, Xueli Wang, Bing He, Feishu Cao, Changjun Liao, Yuefeng Yu, Zengyu Zhang, Junhui Zhang, Bei Li, Jiancheng Chen, Hong Li, Zhiqiang Zhu, Yanyan Wei, and Junming Hu
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cadmium ,arsenic ,rice ,microorganism ,ferrous sulfate ,ferric oxide nanoparticle ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) contamination of soil has been a public concern due to their potential accumulation risk through the food chain. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle (Nano-Fe) to stabilize the concentrations of Cd and As in paddy soil. Both Fe treatments led to low extractable Cd and the contents of specifically sorbed As contents, increased (p < 0.05) the Shannon index and decreased (p < 0.05) the Simpson diversity indices compared with the control. Nano-Fe increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and decreased the abundances of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. Moreover, the addition of both forms of Fe promoted the formation of Fe plaque and decreased the translocation factor index (TFs) root/soil, TFs shoot/root, and TFs grain/shoot of Cd and As. These results suggest that exogenous Fe may modify the microbial community and decrease the soil available Cd and As contents, inhibit the absorption of Cd and As by the roots and decrease the transport of Cd and As in rice grains and the risk intake in humans. These findings demonstrate that soil amendment with exogenous Fe, particularly Nano-Fe, is a potential approach to simultaneously remediate the accumulation of Cd and As from the soil to rice grain systems.
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- 2022
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4. Effects of foliar applications of Brassinolide and Selenium on the accumulation of Arsenic and Cadmium in rice grains and an assessment of their health risk
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Xiuquan, Lan, Jiayuan, Li, Jiancheng, Chen, Jing, Liu, Feishu, Cao, Changjun, Liao, Zengyu, Zhang, Minghua, Gu, Yanyan, Wei, Fangke, Shen, Xianghua, Wei, Xianbao, Luo, and Xiuling, Zhang
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Environmental Chemistry ,Plant Science ,Pollution - Abstract
Arsenic and cadmium pose a potential health risk to human beings via rice grain consumption. In the current study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Br (5 mM and 20 mM) and Se (1 mM) at rice tillering and filling stages on Cd and As accumulation in rice grain and their health risk indices. The results showed that Br or Se applications at different stages of rice improved the photosynthesis, reduce MDA content in flag leaves by 17.41%–38.65%, increased rice biomass and grain yield by 10.50%–29.94% and 10.50%–36.56%, and enhanced grain N and P uptake by 3.25%–34.90%, and 22.98%-72.05%, respectively. Applications of Br and Se effectively decreased Cd and As concentration in rice grain by 31.74%–86.97% and 16.42%–81.13% respectively. Compared to the individual treatment, combined 20 mM Br and 1 mM Se at the filling stage showed the lowest accumulation of As (0.149 mg·kg−1) and Cd (0.105 mg·kg−1) in grain, and its health risk index was below the acceptable limits (HRI < 1). This implies that application of Br and Se at the filling stage is a promising strategy for the safe production of rice in As and Cd co-contaminated regions. In this study, foliar applications of Br and Se at the grain filling and tillering stage demonstrate their effect on As and Cd accumulation. The findings showed that Br and Se resulted in the Se concentration in grains reaching the Se-enriched level, and the accumulation of As and Cd was the lowest. Furthermore, the application of Br and Se decreased lipid peroxidation, promoted N and P uptake, and increased the rate of photosynthesis in the rice plants, which resulted in increasing rice growth and grain yield. The HRI of heavy metals was below the acceptable limits after application of Br and Se.
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- 2022
5. New fast turn-on speed SCR device for electrostatic discharge protection.
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Changjun Liao, Jizhi Liu, and Zhiwei Liu
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- 2016
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6. Comprehensive analysis reveals the underlying mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in kenaf cadmium stress alleviation
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Jiao Pan, Shan Cao, Guofeng Xu, Muzammal Rehman, Xin Li, Dengjie Luo, Caijin Wang, Wangqiang Fang, Huiping Xiao, Changjun Liao, and Peng Chen
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Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Pollution - Abstract
Soil Cadmium (Cd) contamination has become a severe environmental problem around the world. Kenaf has great potential for utilization and phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants alleviate Cd stress, but the underlying mechanism remains completely unknown. In this study, kenaf was inoculated or not inoculated with AMF at cadmium concentrations of 10 mg kg
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- 2022
7. Migration Behavior and Influencing Factors of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Phenanthrene in Soil around Typical Oilfields of China
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Hao Chen, Mengfan Lang, Changjun Liao, and Xuetao Guo
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penetration curve ,petroleum pollution ,PHE ,soil column ,typical oilfields ,vertical migration ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering - Abstract
Petroleum spills and land contamination are becoming increasingly common around the world. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other pollutants found in petroleum are constantly migrating underground, making their migration in soil a hot research topic. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the migratory process of petroleum hydrocarbons in petroleum-polluted soil to clarify its ecological and environmental risks. In this study, Phenanthrene (PHE) was used as a typical pollutant of PAHs. The soil was gathered from three typical oilfields in China, and a soil column apparatus was built to simulate the vertical migration of PHE in the soil. The migration law and penetration effect of PHE in various environmental conditions of soil were investigated by varying the ionic strength (IS), pH, particle size, and type of soil. According to the literature, pH has no discernible effect on the migration of PHE. The migration of PHE was adversely and positively linked with changes in IS and soil particle size, respectively. The influence of soil type was mainly manifested in the difference of organic matter and clay content. In the Yanchang Oilfield (YC) soil with the largest soil particle size and the least clay content, the mobility of PHE was the highest. This study may reveal the migration law of PAHs in soils around typical oilfields, establish a new foundation for PAH migration in the soil, and also provide new ideas for the management and control of petroleum pollution in the soil and groundwater.
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- 2022
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8. A combination of aramid nanofiber and silver nanoparticle decorated boron nitride for the preparation of a composite film with superior thermally conductive performance
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Xiaolong Huang, Wenjun Ning, Yang Liu, Li-Chuan Jia, Changjun Liao, Wang Zhong, Junwen Ren, and Lihua Zhao
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Materials science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Composite film ,Silver nanoparticle ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Aramid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Thermal conductivity ,chemistry ,Boron nitride ,Nanofiber ,Ceramics and Composites ,Electronics ,Composite material ,Electrical conductor - Abstract
The developments in the high-power densities and high integration of electronic devices have put forward higher requirements for advanced thermal management materials (TMMs) to meet the rising dema...
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- 2021
9. The Political Economy of the Differential Regional Effects of Monetary Policy: Evidence From China
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Shengquan Wang and Changjun Liao
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Macroeconomics ,Economics and Econometrics ,Monetary policy ,Economics ,Differential (mechanical device) ,Development ,China - Published
- 2021
10. Stomatal Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Crude Oil Contamination in Soils
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Chaolan Zhang, He Huang, Yongxin Zhou, Haiying Lin, Tian Xie, and Changjun Liao
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maize ,stomata ,soil ,phenanthrene ,remediation ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this study, maize plant was cultured in soil contaminated with different levels of crude oil. The purpose was to investigate the change of soil properties, leaf physiological and chemical parameters, and phenanthrene content in the leaf. Results showed that soil water content significantly increased when the levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons were 3700−17,800 mg/kg in soil, and soil electrical conductivity significantly increased compared with the control. In maize leaf, stomatal length and density, as well as K and Na contents decreased in contaminated treatments compared with the control. Stomatal length has a significant positive correlation with K content in leaf (r = 0.92, p < 0.01), while stomatal density was negatively correlated to the crude oil level in soil (r = −0.91, p < 0.05). Accumulation of phenanthrene in maize leaf was mainly through the foliar uptake pathway. Phenanthrene concentrations of maize leaf in oil-treated soil were less than that of the control, which exhibited a significant positive relationship with stomatal length (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). This study demonstrated that the stomata structure of maize could be influenced by crude oil and thus possibly controlling the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerial tissues. Based on these results, controlling stomata movement will be beneficial to phytoremediation of contaminated soil.
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- 2019
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11. Decontamination of dense nonaqueous-phase liquids in groundwater using pump-and-treat and in situ chemical oxidation processes: a field test
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Changjun Liao, Zhang Ronghai, Guining Lu, Qian Zhang, Zhi Dang, Xie Tian, and Jian Zhang
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Materials science ,Field (physics) ,General Chemical Engineering ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Human decontamination ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,Chemical engineering ,In situ chemical oxidation ,Phase (matter) ,Groundwater ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The combination of pump-and-treat and in situ chemical oxidation processes can effectively accelerate the remediation of DNAPL pollutant in groundwater.
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- 2021
12. Biochar Performance for Preventing Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation, and the Health Risks Associated with Mustard (Brassica Juncea) Grown in Co-Contaminated Soils
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Yili Zang, M. J. I. Shohag, Lingli Lu, Tieguang He, Changjun Liao, Zengyu Zhang, Jiancheng Chen, Xiaoshuang You, Min Wang, Yanyan Wei, and Shenke Tian
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- 2022
13. Comprehensive Analysis Reveals the Underlying Mechanism of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf) in Kenaf Cd Stress Alleviation
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Jiao Pan, Shan Cao, Guofeng Xu, Muzammal Rehman, Xin Li, Dengjie Luo, Caijin Wang, Wangqiang Fang, Huiping Xiao, Changjun Liao, and Peng Chen
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
14. Kinetics, mechanism, and application of sodium persulfate activated by sodium hydroxide for removing 1,2-dichloroethane from groundwater
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Tian Xie, Zhi Dang, Qian Zhang, Lili Su, Yongxin Zhou, Shudi Li, Jian Zhang, Ronghai Zhang, Changjun Liao, and Guining Lu
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Kinetics ,Sulfates ,Humans ,Sodium Hydroxide ,Groundwater ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Biochemistry ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) is a common compound found in groundwater contaminated with organics. This compound is difficult to remove from groundwater and has the potential to inflict significant harm on human health and the environment. This study used sodium persulfate (Na
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- 2023
15. Facilitated transport of microplastics and nonylphenol in porous media with variations in physicochemical heterogeneity
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Lilin Xu, Yan Liang, Rupin Zhang, Baile Xu, Changjun Liao, Tian Xie, and Dengjun Wang
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Soil ,Sand ,Microplastics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Adsorption ,Colloids ,General Medicine ,Toxicology ,Porosity ,Plastics ,Pollution - Abstract
Nonylphenol (Noph) has garnered worldwide concern as a typical endocrine disruptor due to its toxicity, estrogenic properties, and widespread contamination. To better elucidate the interaction of Noph with ubiquitously existing microplastics (MPs) and the potential interdependence of their transport behaviors, batch adsorption and column experiments were conducted, paired with mathematical modeling. Compared with sand, MPs and soil colloids show stronger adsorption affinity for Noph due to the formation of hydrogen bonding and the larger numbers of interaction sites that are available on solid surfaces. Limited amount of soil-colloid coating on sand grains significantly influenced transport behaviors and the sensitivity to solution chemistry. These coatings led to a monotonic increase in Noph retention and a nonmonotonic MPs retention in single systems because of the altered physicochemical properties. The mobility of both MPs and Noph was enhanced when they coexisted, resulting from their association, increased electrostatic repulsion, and competition on retention sites. Limited release of MPs and Noph (under reduced ionic strength (IS) and increased pH) indicated strong interactions in irreversible retention. The retention and release of Noph were independent of IS and solution pH. A one-site model with a blocking term and a two-site kinetic model well described the transport of MPs and Noph, respectively. Our findings highlight the essential roles of coexisting MPs and Noph on their transport behaviors, depending on their concentrations, IS, and physicochemical properties of the porous media. The new knowledge from this study refreshes our understanding of the co-transport of MPs and organic contaminants such as Noph in the subsurface.
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- 2022
16. Cotransport of micro- and nano-plastics with chlortetracycline hydrochloride in saturated porous media: Effects of physicochemical heterogeneities and ionic strength
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Lilin Xu, Hanbin Zhang, Tian Xie, Changjun Liao, Yan Liang, Zhiwei Lu, Xingyu Liu, and Dengjun Wang
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Environmental Engineering ,Chemistry ,Environmental remediation ,Ecological Modeling ,education ,engineering.material ,complex mixtures ,Pollution ,digestive system diseases ,Colloid ,Adsorption ,Coating ,Chemical engineering ,Ionic strength ,Nano ,engineering ,Porous medium ,neoplasms ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Macromolecule - Abstract
Global production and use of plastics have resulted in the wide dissemination of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) to the natural environment. Potentially acting as a vector, the role of MNPs on the fate and transport of environmental pollutants (e.g., antibiotic s such as chlortetracycline hydrochloride; CTC) has garnered global concern recently. Herein, the cotransport of MNPs and CTC in columns packed with uncoated sand or soil colloid-coated sand (SCCS) under different degrees of physicochemical heterogeneity and ionic strength was systematically explored. Our results show that MNPs and CTC inhibit the transport of each other when they coexist. The adsorption of CTC onto sand grains, MNPs, and soil colloids, as well as the aggregation of MNPs in the presence of CTC could be the major contributors to the enhanced retention of CTC and MNPs. In SCCS with different degrees of soil colloid coating, the adsorption of CTC on soil colloids is critical to influence the transport of CTC, and the nonlinear retention of MNPs to soil colloids is mainly attributed to the alteration of collector surface roughness by soil colloids. High ionic strength slightly facilitates CTC transport due to the competition for adsorption sites and the formation of CTC macromolecules, but significantly inhibits MNPs transport by suppressing the electrostatic double layers based on colloid stability theory. Consequently, the cotransport of MNPs and CTC is governed by the coupled interplay of collector surface roughness and chemical heterogeneity, due to the soil colloid coatings and the adsorbed CTC on the surfaces associated with solution chemistries such as ionic strength. Increased cotransport of MNPs and CTC occurred under a higher concentration of MNPs due to a larger number of adsorption sites for CTC. Our findings advance the current understanding of the complex cotransport of MNPs and antibiotic s in the environment. This information is valuable for understanding contaminant fate and formulating strategies for environmental remediation due to contamination of MNPs and co-occurring contaminants.
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- 2022
17. Uptake and Distribution of Cd in Sweet Maize Grown on Contaminated Soils: A Field-Scale Study
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Wending Xu, Guining Lu, Zhi Dang, Changjun Liao, Qiangpei Chen, and Xiaoyun Yi
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Inorganic chemistry ,QD146-197 - Abstract
Maize is an economic crop that is also a candidate for use in phytoremediation in low-to-moderately Cd-contaminated soils, because the plant can accumulate high concentration of Cd in parts that are nonedible to humans while accumulating only a low concentration of Cd in the fruit. Maize cultivars CT38 and HZ were planted in field soils contaminated with Cd and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was used to enhance the phytoextractive effect of the maize. Different organs of the plant were analyzed to identify the Cd sinks in the maize. A distinction was made between leaf sheath tissue and leaf lamina tissue. Cd concentrations decreased in the tissues in the following order: sheath > root > lamina > stem > fruit. The addition of NTA increased the amount of Cd absorbed but left the relative distribution of the metal among the plant organs essentially unchanged. The Cd in the fruit of maize was below the Chinese government’s permitted concentration in coarse cereals. Therefore, this study shows that it is possible to conduct maize phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil while, at the same time, harvesting a crop, for subsequent consumption.
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- 2013
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18. Investigation of intermediate sulfur species during pyrite oxidation in the presence and absence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
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Guining Lu, Ting Zhang, Changjun Liao, Zhi Dang, Chuling Guo, Zhihong Tu, and Jingjing Wan
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Scanning electron microscope ,Metallurgy ,Metals and Alloys ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Biological oxidation ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Sulfur ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,020501 mining & metallurgy ,Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ,0205 materials engineering ,chemistry ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,Jarosite ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Pyrite ,0210 nano-technology ,Powder diffraction ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The intermediate sulfur species of pyrite chemical and biological oxidation have been the subject of controversy for some time, especially the question of whether or not elemental sulfur (S 0 ) and polythionates (S n O 6 2 − ) are formed during the oxidation process. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ( A . ferrooxidans ), one of the most common sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strains, has been shown to remarkably accelerate pyrite oxidation. In this study, the intermediate products of pyrite oxidation with and without A . ferrooxidans present were compared by employing different analytical techniques; i.e., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The HPLC results showed that the concentrations of S 0 , S 3 O 6 2 − , S 4 O 6 2 − , S 5 O 6 2 − and S 6 O 6 2 − increased during pyrite oxidation process in the presence of A . ferrooxidans . Secondary minerals jarosite (KFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 ) and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeOOH) were also detected by XRD and XPS. Without A . ferrooxidans , S 0 was also formed and along with S 3 O 6 2 − , S 4 O 6 2 − and S 5 O 6 2 − but only at very low concentrations at the end of the experiment. SEM micrographs further revealed that the pyrite was severely eroded by A . ferrooxidans and some spheroidal particles covered the surfaces of pyrite residues. These particles are most likely to be KFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 based on EDS analysis. The present study has quantitatively confirmed the presence of intermediate products of S 0 and S n O 6 2 − during pyrite oxidation, information that deepens our understanding of the mechanism of pyrite oxidation.
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- 2017
19. New fast turn-on speed SCR device for electrostatic discharge protection
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Zhiwei Liu, Changjun Liao, and Jizhi Liu
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Engineering ,Transit time ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Turn (geometry) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,010302 applied physics ,Electrostatic discharge ,business.industry ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Doping ,Bipolar junction transistor ,Transistor ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Chip ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Electrostatic discharge protection ,Optoelectronics ,business - Abstract
A new SCR with the variation lateral base doping (VLBD) structure (VSCR) is proposed to improve the turn-on speed for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. The turn-on speed of the SCR was determined mainly by the base transit time of the parasitic p-n-p and n-p-n transistors of the SCR, and the VLBD structure can reduce the base transit time of the bipolar transistors to improve the turn-on speed of the SCR. The experimental and simulation results show that the turn-on time of the VSCRs with the VLBD structure is 12% less than that of the MLSCR with the traditional uniform base doping without adding extra process masks and increasing the chip area.
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- 2016
20. Application of goethite modified biochar for tylosin removal from aqueous solution
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Hao Dong, Liangmin Gao, Chen Yang, Qian Zhang, Xuetao Guo, Changjun Liao, and Fugeng Zha
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Aqueous solution ,Goethite ,Chemistry ,Sorption ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Tylosin ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Adsorption ,Ionic strength ,Environmental chemistry ,visual_art ,Biochar ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,0210 nano-technology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Recent investigations have shown frequent detection of pharmaceuticals in soils and waters posing potential risks to human and ecological health. Here, we report the enhanced removal of tylosin (TYL) from water by a novel goethite biochar (BCF) composite. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed good dispersion of goethite nanoparticles on the biochar surface. The coating was constructed by well-crystallized cubic phase goethite nanoparticles as examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. To evaluate the feasibility of BCF composite as a potential adsorbent for antibiotic removal, batch sorption experiments were conducted using TYL as the model antibiotic molecule. The results showed that this adsorbent showed rapid and high sorption of TYL. According to the Henry and Freundlich model, the maximum capacities of TYL on BCF were 8132.89 L/kg and 5386.76 (μg/g)/(mg/L) n respectively. Besides, the sorption capacity of TYL on BCF was obviously affected by pH and ionic strength. The sorption mechanisms of TYL on BCF were contributed to hydrophobic, electrostatic, H-bonding, cation exchange and π-π EDA interaction. The present work suggests that BCF composite, owing to their simple preparation procedures, high sorption capacity, low cost, and environmentally benign nature, have great potential as the next-generation adsorbent in the removal of antibiotics and other emerging contaminants.
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- 2016
21. Biosurfactant-enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated by crude oil using maize (Zea mays. L)
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Guining Lu, Xujun Liang, Chuling Guo, Zhi Dang, Fucai Deng, Changjun Liao, and Wending Xu
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Environmental Engineering ,Environmental remediation ,Population ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,education.field_of_study ,fungi ,Rhamnolipid ,food and beverages ,Soil contamination ,Phytoremediation ,Hydrocarbon ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water - Abstract
Surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation is a green technology for the treatment of contaminated soil. In a pot experiment, two biosurfactants (rhamnolipid and soybean lecithin) and a synthetic surfactant (Tween 80) were used to facilitate phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil by maize (Zea mays. L). Results showed that these surfactants did not significantly affect the biomass production of maize, but they inhibited the chlorophyll fluorescence of the maize leaf. Rhamnolipid and soybean lecithin enhanced the soil microbial population, resulting in increased removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons from the soil. Saturated hydrocarbons were the main component of petroleum hydrocarbons decreased in the soil. In addition, the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was inhibited in the maize leaf by all selected surfactant treatments, but was facilitated in maize root by the treatments of rhamnolipid and Tween 80. This work indicates that biosurfactant amended phytoremediation may be a useful biotechnological approach for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil.
- Published
- 2016
22. Enhanced biodegradation of pyrene by immobilized bacteria on modified biomass materials
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Zhi Dang, Fucai Deng, Chuling Guo, Changjun Liao, and Chen Yang
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0106 biological sciences ,Mycobacterium gilvum ,biology ,Biomass ,Chemical modification ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biodegradation ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,eye diseases ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,010608 biotechnology ,Degradation (geology) ,Organic chemistry ,Pyrene ,Cellulose ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Bacteria ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The degradation of pyrene (PYR) by Mycobacterium gilvum immobilized on peanut shell powder (PSP) was improved by chemically modifying the PSP. The physicochemical properties of the modified biomass (M-PSP) were characterized with surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR spectra. The results showed that the chemical modification decreased the crystallinity of the biomass and destroyed the benzene rings in the cellulose, which improved the porosity of PSP. Fluorescein diacetate activity (FDA) of cells immobilized on the M-PSP decreased more slowly than cells immobilized on PSP. The PYR degradation efficiencies achieved by bacteria immobilized on M-PSP was higher than that achieved by immobilized bacteria on PSP after 7 d. It revealed that chemical modification of biomass could further improve bacterial activity and enhance the degradation ability of the cells compared with the raw one, as we expected. In summary, this study shows that M-PSP is a good immobilizing bio-mass for supporting pollutant-degrading bacteria and could be employed as an effective material for PYR biodegradation.
- Published
- 2016
23. A bio-hybrid material for adsorption and degradation of phenanthrene: bacteria immobilized on sawdust coated with a silica layer
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Jinghua Li, Chuling Guo, Chen Yang, Guining Lu, Changjun Liao, Xujun Liang, Zhi Dang, and Meng-Lu Zhang
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Chromatography ,Membrane permeability ,biology ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,Phenanthrene ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioremediation ,Adsorption ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Degradation (geology) ,Viability assay ,Sawdust ,0210 nano-technology ,Bacteria ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Cell immobilization technology has been considered as an effective method for bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. However, bacteria immobilized by a single method often encounter some problems, e.g., cell leakage, cellular damage and no reproduction. In this study, a biomimetic hybrid material was constructed by pre-immobilization of bacteria on sawdust followed by coating a silica layer through vapor deposition (Silica-IC). The viability and metabolic activity of Silica-IC were investigated. Results showed that the silica layer covering the bacterial agent could significantly reduce cell leakage from sawdust without losing reproductive capacity on nutrient plates. A viability assay by SYTO9/PI in flow cytometry indicated that the proportion of live cells was decreased 30% and injured cells was increased 23.9%, while that of dead cells was still below 2.5% during storage at 4 °C for 15 days, i.e., membrane permeability of Silica-IC was increased, indicating bacterial cells in Silica-IC were able to maintain long-term storage stability and shelf life. The metabolic activity of Silica-IC toward phenanthrene (Phe) was enhanced both in liquid and soil. Phe degradation kinetics of Silica-IC in liquid medium well fitted an adsorption–degradation model, suggesting that the silica layer did not inhibit Phe diffusion. Moreover, the Phe removal percentage of Silica-IC in soil was up to 93.4% on day 2. Silica-IC in soil grew well and the growth was closely related to the residual amount of Phe. This work provides a route to develop a wide range of bio-materials for bioremediation.
- Published
- 2016
24. A new approach for pyrene bioremediation using bacteria immobilized in layer-by-layer assembled microcapsules: dynamics of soil bacterial community
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Chen Yang, Lin Ma, Chuling Guo, Changjun Liao, Fucai Deng, and Zhi Dang
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,biology ,Sphingobacterium ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,fungi ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Actinobacteria ,Comamonadaceae ,Bioremediation ,Food science ,Proteobacteria ,Planococcaceae ,Bacteria ,Flavobacterium ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This study reports on the enhanced bioremediation of pyrene (PYR)-contaminated soil resulting from organisms immobilized in layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled microcapsules. The characterization by microscopy indicated that the shape of the microcapsule was like a flake with a diameter of 3–4 μm and that bacteria were encapsulated in the microcapsules. Soil remediation experiments revealed that PYR with an initial concentration of 100 mg kg−1 in dry soil could be 81% removed by an immobilized consortium (107 CFU g−1 in dry soil) in 40 days, while only 42% was removed by the free bacteria. Moreover, the LBL-immobilized cells could cause a significant increase in the biodiversity of the bacterial community, soil enzyme activity and the number of PYR-degrading bacteria in the soil, successfully accounting for accelerated PYR removal. Illumina MiSeq sequencing results showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were observed as the predominant groups during bioremediation in the LBL groups. The active uncultured bacteria belonged to Xanthomonadaceae, Planococcaceae, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Sphingomonadaceae, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, Comamonadaceae, Bacillus, Sphingobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptomyces, the latter two classes having rarely been associated with PAH-degrading activity. The results indicated that the LBL microcapsule treatment might be a potential bacteria immobilization option for soil bioremediation.
- Published
- 2016
25. SLC6A1‑miR133a‑CDX2 loop regulates SK‑OV‑3 ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion
- Author
-
Xiaokui Zhou, Changjun Liao, Yangyan He, and Yuan Zhao
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Messenger RNA ,Chemistry ,Transfection ,Cell cycle ,Molecular biology ,digestive system diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,Cell culture ,Apoptosis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,embryonic structures ,microRNA ,Gene silencing ,CDX2 - Abstract
The present study assessed the expression of solute carrier 6 member 1 (SLC6A1) in ovarian cancer (OC) tissues and evaluated the effect of silencing SLC6A1 or caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SK-OV-3 OC cells. The levels of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and SLC6A1 mRNA were also examined in OC SK-OV-3, OVCAR3 and A2780 cell lines. The mRNA levels of CDX2 and SLC6A1 in SK-OV-3 OC cells were assessed following transection with microRNA (miR) 133a mimics; the mRNA and protein levels of SLC6A1 were determined following the silencing of CDX2, and the mRNA expression of CDX2 was gauged following the silencing of SLC6A1. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to assess the effect of miR133a on the CDX2 and SLC6A1 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTRs). The proliferation, migration and invasion rate of SK-OV-3 cells were then examined following the silencing of CDX2 or SLC6A1. The expression of SLC6A1 was increased in OC compared with adjacent tissue. The expression of CDX2 and SLC6A1 in SK-OV-3 and OVCAR3 cells was increased compared with A2780 cells (P
- Published
- 2018
26. The Effect of Pollination on Cd Phytoextraction From Soil by Maize (Zea maysL.)
- Author
-
Changjun Liao, Chuling Guo, Wending Xu, Zhi Dang, Rui Wang, Xiaoyun Yi, and Guining Lu
- Subjects
Cadmium ,Pollination ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Plant Roots ,Zea mays ,Pollution ,Economic benefits ,Plant Leaves ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Dry weight ,Soil water ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Plant Shoots - Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pollination on cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction from soil by mature maize plants. The results showed that the unpollinated maize plants accumulated 50% more Cd than that of the pollinated plants, even though the dry weight of the former plants was 15% less than that of the latter plants. The Cd accumulation in root and leaf of the unpollinated maize plant was 0.47 and 0.89 times higher than that of the pollinated plant, respectively. The Cd concentration in the cob was significantly decreased because of pollination. Preventing pollination is a promising approach for enhancing the effectiveness of phytoextraction in Cd-contaminated soils by maize. This study suggested that in low Cd-contaminated soil pollination should be encouraged because accumulation of Cd in maize grains is very little and maize seeds can bring farmers economic benefits, while in high Cd-contaminated soil, inhibition of pollination can be applied to enhance phytoextraction of Cd from soil by maize plant.
- Published
- 2015
27. Drivers and applications of integrated clean-up technologies for surfactant-enhanced remediation of environments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
- Author
-
Zhi Dang, Xujun Liang, Xiaoyun Yi, Guining Lu, Changjun Liao, Chuling Guo, Zhang Lin, Lukas Y. Wick, Hua Yin, Shasha Liu, and Dan Peng
- Subjects
Environmental remediation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Surface-Active Agents ,Bioremediation ,Soil Pollutants ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Environmental Restoration and Remediation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Waste management ,General Medicine ,Contamination ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Clean-up ,Solutions ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Solubilization ,Environmental science - Abstract
Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is considered as a promising and efficient remediation approach. This review summarizes and discusses main drivers on the application of SER in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soil and water. The effect of PAH-PAH interactions on SER efficiency is, for the first time, illustrated in an SER review. Interactions between mixed PAHs could enhance, decrease, or have no impact on surfactants' solubilization power towards PAHs, thus affecting the optimal usage of surfactants for SER. Although SER can transfer PAHs from soil/non-aqueous phase liquids to the aqueous phase, the harmful impact of PAHs still exists. To decrease the level of PAHs in SER solutions, a series of SER-based integrated cleanup technologies have been developed including surfactant-enhanced bioremediation (SEBR), surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation (SEPR) and SER-advanced oxidation processes (SER-AOPs). In this review, the general considerations and corresponding applications of the integrated cleanup technologies are summarized and discussed. Compared with SER-AOPs, SEBR and SEPR need less operation cost, yet require more treatment time. To successfully achieve the field application of surfactant-based technologies, massive production of the cost-effective green surfactants (i.e. biosurfactants) and comprehensive evaluation of the drivers and the global cost of SER-based cleanup technologies need to be performed in the future.
- Published
- 2016
28. Nanoscience and carbon nanotechnology
- Author
-
GuangMing Cheng, Changjun Liao, SongHao Liu, and Banghong Guo
- Subjects
Materials science ,chemistry ,Graphene ,law ,Nano ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanotechnology ,Carbon ,Nanomaterials ,law.invention - Abstract
Nanoscience is a grand and wide science, and there are many kinds of nanomaterials. In this paper nanomaterials are divided into three: the naturial nanocrystals, the artificial nano structural materials and the functional polymer materials. Carbon nanotechnologies which are in the fast-development areas are reviewed in detail including their structural features, opto-electronic properties and its applications used as optoelectronic devices. And the graphene are introduced in detail. Especially emphasize is put on the the carbon nanotechnology development and its importance.
- Published
- 2013
29. Uptake and Distribution of Cd in Sweet Maize Grown on Contaminated Soils: A Field-Scale Study
- Author
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Zhi Dang, Xiaoyun Yi, Changjun Liao, Guining Lu, Wending Xu, and Qiangpei Chen
- Subjects
Lamina ,Contaminated soils ,Article Subject ,Chemistry ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,fungi ,Organic Chemistry ,Nitrilotriacetic acid ,food and beverages ,Contamination ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:QD146-197 ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Crop ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phytoremediation ,Horticulture ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Soil water ,Botany ,lcsh:Inorganic chemistry ,Cultivar ,Research Article - Abstract
Maize is an economic crop that is also a candidate for use in phytoremediation in low-to-moderately Cd-contaminated soils, because the plant can accumulate high concentration of Cd in parts that are nonedible to humans while accumulating only a low concentration of Cd in the fruit. Maize cultivars CT38 and HZ were planted in field soils contaminated with Cd and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was used to enhance the phytoextractive effect of the maize. Different organs of the plant were analyzed to identify the Cd sinks in the maize. A distinction was made between leaf sheath tissue and leaf lamina tissue. Cd concentrations decreased in the tissues in the following order: sheath > root > lamina > stem > fruit. The addition of NTA increased the amount of Cd absorbed but left the relative distribution of the metal among the plant organs essentially unchanged. The Cd in the fruit of maize was below the Chinese government’s permitted concentration in coarse cereals. Therefore, this study shows that it is possible to conduct maize phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil while, at the same time, harvesting a crop, for subsequent consumption.
- Published
- 2013
30. Impact of picosecond laser pulse waveform on detection efficiency of gated-mode avalanche photodiodes for quantum key distribution
- Author
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Junbin Fang, Zoe Lin Jiang, Zhenjun Wei, Jindong Wang, Songhao Liu, and Changjun Liao
- Subjects
Physics ,Photon ,business.industry ,Detector ,Physics::Optics ,Quantum key distribution ,Avalanche photodiode ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Pulse (physics) ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Waveform ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business ,Quantum information science - Abstract
Detection efficiency is one of the key parameters that affect the performance of gated-mode avalanche photodiodes in quantum key distribution. In this paper, the impact of the waveform of faint picosecond laser pulses on detection efficiency is investigated both experimentally and analytically. Two kinds of laser pulses are attenuated to the single photon level to measure and plot single photon detection efficiency versus synchronous delay between the detector and the laser source. The results show that the narrower laser pulse with single peak can be detected with about 9% higher detection efficiency and lead to a lower QBER than the pulse with subpeak and a broadened pedestal.
- Published
- 2011
31. Pharmacophore Modeling and Virtual Screening of Novel Inhibitors for c-Kit Kinase
- Author
-
Qian Yang, Wang Zan, Qinglin Jiang, Changjun Liao, and Zhihe Zang
- Subjects
Virtual screening ,Molecular model ,Docking (molecular) ,Kinase ,Cell growth ,Chemistry ,Hepg2 cells ,General Chemistry ,Pharmacophore ,Software package ,Combinatorial chemistry - Abstract
The stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit) has been known to play critical roles in regulating numerous aspects of cellular behavior including cell growth, differentiation, migration and metabolism. In this investigation, a three-dimensional pharmacophore model of c-Kit inhibitors has been established by using the HypoGen algorithms implemented in the catalyst software package. The best quantitative pharmacophore model, hypothesis 1, which has the highest correlation coefficient (0.989), consists of one hydrogen bond acceptor, two hydrogen bond donors and one hydrophobic feature. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the pharmacophore modeling study of c-Kit inhibitors. The best hypothesis, hypothesis 1, was used to screen molecular structural databases, including Specs and China Natural Products Database for potential lead compounds. The hit compounds were subsequently subjected to filtering by Lipinski's rules and docking study to refine the retrieved hits and as a result to reduce the rate of false positive. Finally 28 compounds were purchased or synthesized for further in vitro assay against several human tumour cell lines including A549, MCF-7, HepG2 and PC-3, in which c-Kit is overexpressed. Two compounds show very low micromolar inhibition potency against the PC-3 and HepG2 cell lines respectively. And they were selected for further modification and testing.
- Published
- 2010
32. PUNCH-THROUGH CHARACTERISTICS OF AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES UNDER THE GEIGER MODE
- Author
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Changjun Liao, Jianping Guo, Jindong Wang, and Zhengjun Wei
- Subjects
Physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Photon detector ,Mode (statistics) ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Avalanche photodiode ,law.invention ,Optics ,Single-photon avalanche diode ,law ,Optoelectronics ,Geiger counter ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
A passive quench circuit is used to study the punch-through characters of avalanche photodiodes under the Geiger mode. The photocurrent–voltage curve indicated clearly the punch-through voltage while the dark current–voltage curve is insensitive to the punch-through. The experiments demonstrate different distributions of the carries. The dark carriers counts increase much faster than the photo-carriers counts due to the different collection efficiency. A proper selection of the bias can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the single photon detector.
- Published
- 2010
33. Intrinsically stable phase-modulated polarization encoding system for quantum key distribution
- Author
-
Xiaobao Liu, Jinglong Mi, Jindong Wang, Changjun Liao, and Songhao Liu
- Subjects
Physics ,business.industry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Quantum key distribution ,Polarization (waves) ,Topology ,Optics ,Quantum cryptography ,Astronomical interferometer ,Stable phase ,business ,Phase modulation ,Decoding methods ,Coding (social sciences) - Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally an intrinsically stable polarization coding and decoding system composed of optical-fiber Sagnac interferometers with integrated phase modulators for quantum key distribution. An interference visibility of 98.35% can be kept longtime during the experiment without any efforts of active compensation for coding all four desired polarization states.
- Published
- 2008
34. A diode-triggered silicon-controlled rectifier with small diode width for electrostatic discharge applications
- Author
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Jizhi, Liu, primary, Changjun, Liao, additional, Zhiwei, Liu, additional, and Fei, Hou, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Daytime deposition and nighttime dissolution of calcium carbonate controlled by submerged plants in a karst spring-fed pool: insights from high time-resolution monitoring of physico-chemistry of water
- Author
-
Xiangling Liu, Changjun Liao, and Zaihua Liu
- Subjects
Calcite ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,General Engineering ,Mineralogy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Calcium carbonate ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Aquatic plant ,Carbon dioxide ,Spring (hydrology) ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental Chemistry ,Carbonate ,Karst spring ,Deposition (chemistry) ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and specific conductivity (spc) were measured in a time interval of 15 min in a karst spring and the spring-fed pool with flourishing submerged plants in Guilin, SW China under dry weather for periods of 2 days. Measurements allowed calculation of calcium and bicarbonate concentrations ([Ca2+] and [HCO3 −]), and thus CO2 partial pressure ( $$ P_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }} $$ ) and saturation index of calcite (SIc). Results show that there were not any diurnal variations in the physico-chemical parameters of the water for the spring. However, during daytime periods, pool water $$ P_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }} $$ decreased to far less than the spring water in a few hours, pH and SIc increased to greater than the spring, and [Ca2+] and [HCO3 −] decreased to less than the spring. During nighttime periods, pool water $$ P_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }} $$ returned to or even increased to greater than the spring, pH and SIc decreased to less than the spring, and [Ca2+] and [HCO3 −] increased to greater than the spring. The decrease in [Ca2+] and [HCO3 −] to less than the spring during daytime periods implies daytime deposition of calcium carbonate, while the increase in [Ca2+] and [HCO3 −] to greater than the spring during nighttime periods implies nighttime dissolution of calcium carbonate. The direction of the observed changes depended essentially on the illumination, indicating that daytime photosynthetic and nighttime respiratory activities in the pool aquatic plant ecosystem, which were further evidenced by the increase and decrease in DO during daytime and nighttime periods respectively, were the main processes involved. The large variations of the components of the carbonate system imply considerable changes of the capacities of CO2 and O2 in water. The finding has implications for water sampling strategy in slow-flowing karst streams and other similar environments with stagnant water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands, where aquatic plant ecosystem may flourish.
- Published
- 2007
36. Error reconciliation for practical quantum cryptography
- Author
-
Songhao Liu, Mingxing Fu, Yiqun Lu, Changjun Liao, Feng Zhao, and Faqiang Wang
- Subjects
Protocol (science) ,Quantum cryptography ,Computer science ,Process (computing) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Quantum key distribution ,Algorithm ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Abstract
Error reconciliation is a necessary step for quantum key distribution process. In this paper, the correction ability of error reconciliation procedure which is called Winnow protocol is analyzed and estimated, moreover, it gives some expressions about it. The experiment results proved the capability of Winnow protocol are excellent. It is also indicates that the smallest N has the most correction efficiency where from the communication times between the legitimate parties and the data remaining efficiency consideration.
- Published
- 2007
37. Acoustic vehicle classification based on the optimum packet energy and fuzzy classifier
- Author
-
Ye Pan and Changjun Liao
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,Network packet ,Feature extraction ,Pattern recognition ,Wavelet packet decomposition ,Fuzzy classifier ,Statistical classification ,ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION ,Wavelet ,Feature (machine learning) ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
This paper proposes a method of acoustic vehicle classification. We extract acoustic feature of wheeled vehicle and track vehicle based on the optimum wavelet packet energy and classify these two types of vehicle based on the fuzzy classifier. For evaluation purposes, real data are used from DARPA's SensIT project. The experiment results show that the proposed method can improve the correct recognition rate, and achieve the balance between the processing time and performance.
- Published
- 2015
38. Accumulation of Hydrocarbons by Maize (Zea mays L.) in Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Crude Oil
- Author
-
Wending Xu, Xujun Liang, Chuling Guo, Zhi Dang, Changjun Liao, Guining Lu, and Chen Yang
- Subjects
Environmental remediation ,Biomass ,Soil classification ,Plant Science ,complex mixtures ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Zea mays ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Petroleum ,Agronomy ,Soil water ,Shoot ,Alkanes ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Soil Pollutants ,Transplanting ,Petroleum Pollution ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Abstract
This study has investigated the use of screened maize for remediation of soil contaminated with crude oil. Pots experiment was carried out for 60 days by transplanting maize seedlings into spiked soils. The results showed that certain amount of crude oil in soil (≤2 147 mg·kg(-1)) could enhance the production of shoot biomass of maize. Higher concentration (6 373 mg·kg(-1)) did not significantly inhibit the growth of plant maize (including shoot and root). Analysis of plant shoot by GC-MS showed that low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in maize tissues, but PAHs concentration in the plant did not increase with higher concentration of crude oil in soil. The reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon in planted soil was up to 52.21-72.84%, while that of the corresponding controls was only 25.85-34.22% in two months. In addition, data from physiological and biochemical indexes demonstrated a favorable adaptability of maize to crude oil pollution stress. This study suggested that the use of maize (Zea mays L.) was a good choice for remediation of soil contaminated with petroleum within a certain range of concentrations.
- Published
- 2015
39. The Effect of Pollination on Cd Phytoextraction from Soil by Maize (Zea mays L.)
- Author
-
Wending Xu, Guining Lu, Wang, Rui, Chuling Guo, Changjun Liao, Xiaoyun Yi, and Dang, Zhi
- Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pollination on cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction from soil by mature maize plants. The results showed that the unpollinated maize plants accumulated 50% more Cd than that of the pollinated plants, even though the dry weight of the former plants was 15% less than that of the latter plants. The Cd accumulation in root and leaf of the unpollinated maize plant was 0.47 and 0.89 times higher than that of the pollinated plant, respectively. The Cd concentration in the cob was significantly decreased because of pollination. Preventing pollination is a promising approach for enhancing the effectiveness of phytoextraction in Cd-contaminated soils by maize. This study suggested that in low Cd-contaminated soil pollination should be encouraged because accumulation of Cd in maize grains is very little and maize seeds can bring farmers economic benefits, while in high Cd-contaminated soil, inhibition of pollination can be applied to enhance phytoextraction of Cd from soil by maize plant.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Polarization states encoded by phase modulation for high bit rate quantum key distribution
- Author
-
Feng Zhao, Xiaobao Liu, Zhilie Tang, Songhao Liu, Yiqun Lu, and Changjun Liao
- Subjects
Physics ,business.industry ,Linear polarization ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Quantum key distribution ,Polarizer ,Polarization (waves) ,law.invention ,Optics ,Quantum cryptography ,law ,Astronomical interferometer ,business ,Phase modulation ,Data transmission - Abstract
We present implementation of quantum cryptography with polarization code by wave-guide type phase modulator. At four different low input voltages of the phase modulator, coder encodes pulses into four different polarization states, 45°, 135° linearly polarized or right, left circle polarized, while the decoder serves as the complementary polarizers.
- Published
- 2006
41. Diurnal Variations of Hydrochemistry in a Travertine-depositing Stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China
- Author
-
Jinliang Wang, Kongyun Wu, Hailong Sun, Huaju Li, Changjun Liao, Qiang Li, and Zaihua Liu
- Subjects
Calcite ,Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Wetland ,STREAMS ,Photosynthesis ,Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Geophysics ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Aquatic plant ,Spring (hydrology) ,Deposition (chemistry) ,Geology - Abstract
Diurnal variations of hydrochemistry were monitored at a spring and two pools in a travertine-depositing stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China. Water temperature, pH and specific conductivity were measured in intervals of 5 and 30 min for periods of 1 to 2 days. From these data the concentrations of Ca 2+ , HCO3 ) , calcite saturation index, and CO2 partial pressure were derived. The measurements in the spring of the stream did not show any diurnal variations in the chemical composition of the water. Diurnal variations, however, were observed in the water of the two travertine pools downstream. In one of them, a rise in temperature (thus more CO2 degassing) during day time and consumption of CO2 due to photosynthesis of submerged aquatic plants accelerated deposition of calcite, whereas in the other pool, where aquatic plants flourished and grew out of the water (so photosynthesis was taking place in the atmosphere), the authors suggest that temperature-dependent root respiration underwater took place, which dominated until noon. Consequently, due to the release of CO2 by the root respiration into water, which dominated CO2 production by degassing induced by temperature increase, the increased dissolution of calcite was observed. This is the first time anywhere at least in China that the effect of root respiration on diurnal hydrochemical variations has been observed. The finding has implications for sampling strategy within travertine-depositing streams and other similar environments with stagnant water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, pools and wetlands, where aquatic plants may flourish and grow out of water.
- Published
- 2006
42. Surface morphology of GaInP buffer layers and its impact on the lateral distribution of self-organized InP islands
- Author
-
Yangzhe Wu, Songhao Liu, Jiye Cai, Changjun Liao, Gucheng Zeng, Zhijun Song, Xueyi Le, and Hao Wang
- Subjects
Morphology (linguistics) ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Mineralogy ,Substrate (electronics) ,Chemical vapor deposition ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Matrix (mathematics) ,Quantum dot ,Materials Chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,Self-assembly ,Facet ,Dislocation ,business - Abstract
The surface morphology of GaInP buffer layers mismatched to GaAs substrate is probed to study its impact on the distribution of self-organized InP island. The steps, facet island matrix and mismatch dislocations formed sequentially as Ga content increased in buffer layers. And the lateral distribution of InP island can be controlled efficiently by the steps, island matrix and mismatch dislocation. The island matrix, with about 100nm periodicity, is found to be efficient to obtain InP island lateral distribution with 1μm periodicity on sample 3. The result also shows the dislocation had different functions to control the island distribution along different directions, [110] and [ 1 1 ¯ 0 ] directions.
- Published
- 2005
43. Metamorphosis of InP self-organized islands and the two-dimensional distribution modified by mismatched GaInP buffer layers
- Author
-
Gucheng Zeng, Yangzhe Wu, Zhijun Song, Guanghan Fan, Hao Wang, Wentao Liao, Jiye Cai, Xueyi Le, Changjun Liao, and Songhao Liu
- Subjects
business.industry ,Chemistry ,Surface stress ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Substrate (electronics) ,Chemical vapor deposition ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Buffer (optical fiber) ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Stress (mechanics) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Optics ,Materials Chemistry ,Indium phosphide ,Optoelectronics ,Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy ,business ,Scaling - Abstract
The self-organized InP islands grown on GaInP buffer layers mismatched to GaAs substrate were utilized to find the influence of the stress between the buffer layers and the islands on the shape of the islands and its distribution. The shape of the islands was elongated with the increasing stress. The self-organized islands at the surface of buffer layers were analyzed by scaling theories to show a periodical distribution. Some kinds of buffer layers such as the mismatched GaInP on the GaAs (1 0 0) tilt to (1 1 1) 15° can improve the periodicity of the island separation distribution.
- Published
- 2004
44. Effect of surfactant amendment to PAHs-contaminated soil for phytoremediation by maize (Zea mays L.)
- Author
-
Xujun Liang, Changjun Liao, Truonggiang Thai, Wending Xu, Zhi Dang, and Guining Lu
- Subjects
Environmental remediation ,Octoxynol ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Amendment ,complex mixtures ,Zea mays ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Surface-Active Agents ,Soil Pollutants ,Tissue Distribution ,Soil Microbiology ,Pyrenes ,fungi ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Phenanthrene ,Phenanthrenes ,Saponins ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Soil water ,Glycolipids ,Edible Grain ,Soil microbiology - Abstract
Understanding the uptake of organic pollutants by plants is an important part of the assessment of risks from crops grown on contaminated soils. This study was an investigation of the effects of surfactants added to PAHs-contaminated soil on the uptake and accumulation of PAHs in maize tissues during phytoremediation. The accumulation of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) by maize plant was not influenced significantly by the surfactant amendment to the soil. The distribution of PHE and PYR in maize tissues was not positively correlated with the corresponding lipid contents. Remarkably, the concentrations of PHE (20.9 ng g(-1)) and PYR (0.9 ng g(-1)) in maize grain were similar to or even much lower than those in some foods. Moreover, surfactants could enhance the removal of pollutants from contaminated soil during phytoremediation, which might be due to surfactant desorption ability and microbial activity in soil. The study suggests that use of maize plant with surfactant is an alternative technology for remediation of PAHs-contaminated soils.
- Published
- 2014
45. The cross-phase modulation in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
- Author
-
Wengchen Xu, Songhao Liu, Ning Liu, Qi Guo, and Changjun Liao
- Subjects
Optical amplifier ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Cross-phase modulation ,Physics::Optics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,symbols.namesake ,Wavelength ,Optics ,Modulation ,Wavelength-division multiplexing ,Chirp ,symbols ,Fiber ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business ,Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons ,Nonlinear Schrödinger equation - Abstract
The nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLSE) in erbium-doped fiber (EDF) is obtained. Based on this NLSE, a more generalized form of the propagation equation in the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) is given which has included the phase shift that the erbium ions induce. The cross-phase modulation (XPM) in the EDFA is studied according to that erbium ions induced phase shift. An analytical expression is given to the frequency chirp that the doped-erbium ions induce. It was found that the frequency chirp dose not change much with the wavelength except at the neighbouring wavelengths (around 1.531 μm) where absorption and the emission cross-sections of the erbium ions reach their maximum, and the frequency chirp has opposite sign on the two sides around 1.531 μm. Furthermore, it was found that the frequency chirp will increase with increasing length of the EDF.
- Published
- 2000
46. A free-space-based differential phase shift quantum key distribution scheme with higher key creation efficiency
- Author
-
Jindong Wang, Xiaojuan Qin, Huani Zhang, Zhengjun Wei, Changjun Liao, and Songhao Liu
- Subjects
Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2009
47. 10Gb/s transmission over 100 km of standard single-mode fiber with a dispersion tunable chirped fiber grating
- Author
-
Ning Liu, Jian Sun, Qingke Zeng, Chongxiu Yu, Weichong Du, Changjun Liao, Lianfeng Cai, Qi Guo, Xue Chen, Songhao Liu, and Zixiong Qin
- Subjects
Multi-mode optical fiber ,business.industry ,General Mathematics ,Single-mode optical fiber ,Physics::Optics ,Long-period fiber grating ,Graded-index fiber ,Optics ,Fiber Bragg grating ,Dispersion (optics) ,Dispersion-shifted fiber ,business ,Plastic optical fiber ,Mathematics - Abstract
A simple strain method is used to change uniform gratings into chirped gratings. The correspondent theory is presented. It is deduced that the product of the maximum bandwidth and the corresponding dispersion is nearly equal to a constant. The dispersion compensation distance for standard single-mode fiber G.652,10 Gb/s systems over 100 km is realized by using this method.
- Published
- 1999
48. A low-voltage triggering SCR for ESD protection in a 0.35um SiGe BiCMOS process
- Author
-
Changjun, Liao, primary, Hui, Cheng, additional, Jizhi, Liu, additional, Liu, Zhao, additional, and Rui, Tian, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The dynamics of direction-dependent switching in nonlinear chirped gratings
- Author
-
Junmin Liu, Wen-Cheng Xu, Changjun Liao, and Songhao Liu
- Subjects
Physics ,Bistability ,business.industry ,Physics::Optics ,Nonlinear optics ,Coupled mode theory ,Instability ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Optical bistability ,Nonlinear system ,Optics ,Side lobe ,Modulation ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business - Abstract
Nonlinear chirped gratings are numerically demonstrated to have a direction-dependent switching behavior. For the two incident directions, bistability exists with different switching-on powers, and the instable high transmissivity states have different critical powers. The direction-dependent bistability is due to the difference of the energy contained in the gratings for the two incident directions; the direction-dependent critical powers for instability origin from the different modulation instability threshold. Furthermore, it is first reported that for instable output there are spectral side lobes whose frequency shifts relative to carrier frequency have jumps at some input powers.
- Published
- 1996
50. Direction-Dependent Switching in Nonlinear Chirped Gratings
- Author
-
Wen-Cheng Xu, Junmin Liu, Changjun Liao, and Songhao Liu
- Subjects
Physics ,Nonlinear system ,Optics ,Optical isolator ,business.industry ,law ,Kerr nonlinearity ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Energy storage ,law.invention - Abstract
Chirped gratings with uniform Kerr nonlinearity are numerically demonstrated to have direction-dependent switching behavior, which is caused by the different energy storage between the two incident directions. This effect can find useful applications such as optical diode and optical switch-isolator.
- Published
- 1996
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