Author: "CentraleSupélec" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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48,214 results on '"CentraleSupélec"'

1. Deep weathering effects

Author: Adrien Verhulst, Jean-Marie Normand, Guillaume Moreau, Gustavo Patow, École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre de recherche nantais Architectures Urbanités (CRENAU ), Ambiances, Architectures, Urbanités (AAU), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ENSA Nantes), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG ), 3D interaction with virtual environments using body and mind (Hybrid), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Equipe Immersive Natural User Interaction team (Lab-STICC_INUIT), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Universitat de Girona (UdG), and Adrien Verhulst was supported by a joint research grant from the École Centrale de Nantes, France, and Audencia Busi- ness School, France. This work was also partially funded by Grant PID2021-122136OB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe.
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, Rust, Weathering, Bricks, Iron, General Engineering, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Abstract: International audience; Weathering phenomena are ubiquitous in urban environments, where it is easy to observe severely degraded old buildings as a result of water penetration. Despite being an important part of any realistic city, this kind of phenomenon has received little attention from the Computer Graphics community compared to stains resulting from biological or flow effects on the building exteriors. In this paper, we present physically-inspired deep weathering effects, where the penetration of humidity (i.e., water particles) and its interaction with a building's internal structural elements result in large, visible degradation effects. Our implementation is based on a particle-based propagation model for humidity propagation, coupled with a spring-based interaction simulation that allows chemical interactions, like the formation of rust, to deform and destroy a building's inner structure. To illustrate our methodology, we show a collection of deep degradation effects applied to urban models involving the creation of rust or of ice within walls.
Published: 2023

2. Moliverse: Contextually embedding the microcosm into the universe

Author: Mathis Brossier, Robin Skånberg, Lonni Besançon, Mathieu Linares, Tobias Isenberg, Anders Ynnerman, Alexander Bock, Université Paris-Saclay, Linköping University (LIU), Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, General Engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Abstract: International audience; We present Moliverse, an integration of the molecular visualization framework VIAMD into the astronomical visualization software OpenSpace, allowing us to bridge the two extreme ends of the scale spectrum to show, for example, the gas composition in a planet's atmosphere or molecular structures in comet trails and can empower the creation of educational exhibitions. For that purpose we do not use a linear scale traversal but break the scale continuity and show molecular simulations as focus in the context of celestial bodies. We demonstrate the application of our concept in two storytelling scenarios and envision the application both for science presentations to lay audiences and for dedicated exploration, potentially also in a molecule-only environment.
Published: 2023

3. When Tangibles Become Deformable: Studying Pseudo-Stiffness Perceptual Thresholds in a VR Grasping Task

Author: Elodie Bouzbib, Claudio Pacchierotti, Anatole Lécuyer, Sensor-based and interactive robotics (RAINBOW), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), 3D interaction with virtual environments using body and mind (Hybrid), and Inria
Subjects: Grasp, Pseudo-Stiffness, Signal Processing, Virtual Reality, Pseudo-Haptics, Thresholds, Perception, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Software, Stiffness, Compliance
Abstract: International audience; Pseudo-Haptic techniques, or visuo-haptic illusions, leverage user’s visual dominance over haptics to alter the users’perception. As they create a discrepancy between virtual and physical interactions, these illusions are limited to a perceptual threshold. Many haptic properties have been studied using pseudo-haptic techniques, such as weight, shape or size. In this paper, we focus on estimating the perceptual thresholds for pseudo-stiffness in a virtual reality grasping task. We conducted a user study (n = 15) where we estimated if compliance can be induced on a non-compressible tangible object and to what extent. Our results show that (1) compliance can be induced in a rigid tangible object and that (2) pseudo-haptics can simulate beyond 24 N/cm stiffness (k ≥ 24N/cm, between a gummy bear and a raisin, up to rigid objects). Pseudo-stiffness efficiency is (3) enhanced by the objects’ scales, but mostly (4) correlated to the user input force. Taken altogether, our results offer novel opportunities to simplify the design of future haptic interfaces, and extend the haptic properties of passive props in VR.
Published: 2023

4. Floating-point arithmetic

Author: Sylvie Boldo, Claude-Pierre Jeannerod, Guillaume Melquiond, Jean-Michel Muller, Formally Verified Programs, Certified Tools and Numerical Computations (TOCCATA), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Méthodes Formelles (LMF), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Arithmétiques des ordinateurs, méthodes formelles, génération de code (ARIC), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lyon, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-20-CE48-0014,NuSCAP,Sûreté numérique pour les preuves assistées par ordinateur(2020), and European Project: 810367,EMC2(2019)
Subjects: computer arithmetic, Numerical Analysis, [INFO.INFO-AO]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Arithmetic, General Mathematics, Floating-point arithmetic, numerical computing
Abstract: Floating-point numbers have an intuitive meaning when it comes to physics-based numerical computations, and they have thus become the most common way of approximating real numbers in computers. The IEEE-754 Standard has played a large part in making floating-point arithmetic ubiquitous today, by specifying its semantics in a strict yet useful way as early as 1985. In particular, floating-point operations should be performed as if their results were first computed with an infinite precision and then rounded to the target format. A consequence is that floating-point arithmetic satisfies the ‘standard model’ that is often used for analysing the accuracy of floating-point algorithms. But that is only scraping the surface, and floating-point arithmetic offers much more.In this survey we recall the history of floating-point arithmetic as well as its specification mandated by the IEEE-754 Standard. We also recall what properties it entails and what every programmer should know when designing a floating-point algorithm. We provide various basic blocks that can be implemented with floating-point arithmetic. In particular, one can actually compute the rounding error caused by some floating-point operations, which paves the way to designing more accurate algorithms. More generally, properties of floating-point arithmetic make it possible to extend the accuracy of computations beyond working precision.
Published: 2023

5. 15 Years of (Who)man Robot Interaction: Reviewing the H in Human-Robot Interaction

Author: Katie Winkle, Erik Lagerstedt, Ilaria Torre, Anna Offenwanger, Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], University of Skövde [Sweden], Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Extreme Situated Interaction (EX-SITU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Participant Recruitment, Gender, Robotics, Inclusivity, User Study Methodologies, Genusstudier, Gender Studies, Human-Computer Interaction, Human Aspects of ICT, Robotteknik och automation, Artificial Intelligence, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Systematic Review, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Mänsklig interaktion med IKT
Abstract: Recent work identified a concerning trend of disproportional gender representation in research participants in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Motivated by the fact that Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) shares many participant practices with HCI, we explored whether this trend is mirrored in our field. By producing a dataset covering participant gender representation in all 684 full papers published at the HRI conference from 2006-2021, we identify current trends in HRI research participation. We find an over-representation of men in research participants to date, as well as inconsistent and/or incomplete gender reporting which typically engages in a binary treatment of gender at odds with published best practice guidelines. We further examine if and how participant gender has been considered in user studies to date, in-line with current discourse surrounding the importance and/or potential risks of gender based analyses. Finally, we complement this with a survey of HRI researchers to examine correlations between the who is doing with the who is taking part, to further reflect on factors which seemingly influence gender bias in research participation across different sub-fields of HRI. Through our analysis we identify areas for improvement, but also reason for optimism, and derive some practical suggestions for HRI researchers going forward. CC BY 4.0*All authors contributed equally to this work. KW has taken on first author responsibilities whilst 2nd-4th author ordering was decided by dice roll. Authors’ addresses: Katie Winkle*, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden, katie.winkle@it.uu.se; Erik Lagerstedt*, University of Skövde, Sweden,erik.lagerstedt@his.se; Ilaria Torre*, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, ilariat@kth.se; Anna Ofenwanger*, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inria, LISN, Orsay, France, anna.ofenwanger@universite-paris-saclay.fr.We first want to acknowledge those authors who came before us in identifying issues around gender in HCI – these works have signicantly informed this manuscript, but also our approaches to HRI research more broadly. We wish to specically thank Dongwook Yoon and Julia Bullard for their work on the conceptualisation and development of the gender data schema and extraction method that we build on [59]; also Minsuk Chang, Alan Milligan, and Austin Kobayashi for their input and work on initial version of the MAGDA tool [59].We would like to thank all of the HRI researchers who engaged with our survey. We additionally want to thank those reviewers who provided constructive feedback on an earlier version of this work, and reviewersfor/attendees of the DEI Workshop held at HRI 2022 for further discussion – the manuscript is improved greatly as a result and we hope we have done justice to both the positive and negative critique we have received. All figures were generated with a colour palette based on the non-binary pride lag, created by Joel Le Forestier (https://joelleforestier.com/#pridepalettes). This work was partially funded by the Digital Futures Research Centre.
Published: 2023

6. Haptic-guided grasping to minimise torque effort during robotic telemanipulation

Author: Rahaf Rahal, Amir M. Ghalamzan-E., Firas Abi-Farraj, Claudio Pacchierotti, Paolo Robuffo Giordano, Sensor-based and interactive robotics (RAINBOW), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University of Lincoln, EPSRC EP/M026477/1, National Centre for Nuclear Robotics, and European Project: 645582,H2020 Pilier Industrial Leadership,H2020-ICT-2014-1,RoMaNS(2015)
Subjects: Grasping, Artificial Intelligence, Teleoperation, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Haptics, Post-grasp manipulation, Shared Control
Abstract: International audience; Teleoperating robotic manipulators can be complicated and cognitively demanding for the human operator. Despite these difficulties, teleoperated robotic systems are still popular in several industrial applications, e.g., remote handling of hazardous material. In this context, we present a novel haptic shared control method for minimising the manipulator torque effort during remote manipulative actions in which an operator is assisted in selecting a suitable grasping pose for then displacing an object along a desired trajectory. Minimising torque is important because it reduces the system operating cost and extends the range of objects that can be manipulated. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in a series of representative real-world pick-and-place experiments as well as in a human subjects study. The reported results prove the effectiveness of our shared control vs. a standard teleoperation approach. We also find that haptic-only guidance performs better than visualonly guidance, although combining them together leads to the best overall results.
Published: 2023

7. Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A New Therapeutic Approach for Pharmacoresistant Restless Legs Syndrome

Author: Sarah Hartley, Guillaume Bao, Marine Zagdoun, Sylvain Chevallier, Frédéric Lofaso, Antoine Leotard, Eric Azabou, Service de physiologie et d'explorations fonctionnelles [CHU Raymond-Poincaré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Infection et inflammation (2I), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Handicap neuromusculaire : Physiopathologie, Biothérapie et Pharmacologies appliquées (END-ICAP)
Subjects: restless syndrome, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Neurology, Neuromodulation, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, vagus nerve stimulation, nonpharmacologic intervention, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine, sleep, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Aims: This work aimed to study the effect of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on severe restless legs syndrome (RLS) resistant to pharmacotherapy. Materials and Methods: Patients with severe pharmacoresistant RLS were recruited from a tertiary care sleep center. Intervention was one-hour weekly sessions of transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) in the left cymba concha, for eight weeks. The primary outcome measure was the score on the International Restless Legs Rating Scale (IRLS); secondary outcome measures were quality of life (Restless Legs Syndrome Quality of Life scale [RLSQOL]), mood disorders using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale subscale for depression (HADD) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale subscale for anxiety (HADA), and objective sleep latency, sleep duration, efficiency, and leg movement time measured by actigraphy. Results: Fifteen patients, 53% male, aged mean 62.7 ± 12.3 years with severe RLS, reduced quality of life, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, were included. The IRLS improved from baseline to session eight: IRLS 31.9 ± 2.9 vs 24.6 ± 5.9 p = 0.0003. Of these participants, 27% (4/15) had a total response with a decrease below an IRLS score of 20; 40% (6/15) a partial response with an improvement in the IRLS > 5 but an IRLS above 20; and 33% (5/15) were nonresponders. After tVNS, quality of life improved (RLSQOL 49.3 ± 18.1 vs 80.0 ± 19.6 p = 0.0005), as did anxiety (HADA 8.9 ± 5.4 vs 6.2 ± 5.0 p = 0.001) and depression (HADD 5.2 ± 4.5 vs 4.0 ± 4.0 p = 0.01). No significant change was found in actigraphic outcome measures. Conclusions: In this pilot study, tVNS improved the symptoms of RLS in 66% of participants (10/15) with severe pharmacoresistant RLS, with concomitant improvements in quality of life and mood. Randomized controlled trials evaluating therapeutic efficacy of tVNS in RLS are needed to confirm these promising findings.
Published: 2023

8. Assistive Robotic Technologies for Next-Generation Smart Wheelchairs: Codesign and Modularity to Improve Users’ Quality of Life

Author: Fabio Morbidi, Louise Devigne, Catalin Stefan Teodorescu, Bastien Fraudet, Émilie Leblong, Tom Carlson, Marie Babel, Guillaume Caron, Sarah Delmas, François Pasteau, Guillaume Vailland, Valérie Gouranton, Sylvain Guégan, Ronan Le Breton, Nicolas Ragot, Modélisation, Information et Systèmes - UR UPJV 4290 (MIS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Sensor-based and interactive robotics (RAINBOW), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University College of London [London] (UCL), Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation [Rennes] (Pôle Saint-Hélier), Joint Robotics Laboratory (CNRS-AIST JRL ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 3D interaction with virtual environments using body and mind (Hybrid), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut de Recherche en Systèmes Electroniques Embarqués (IRSEEM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Supérieure d’Ingénieurs en Génie Électrique (ESIGELEC)
Subjects: Automation, Wheelchairs, Wheels, Sensors, Control and Systems Engineering, Robot sensing systems, Mobile robots, Three-dimensional displays, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Computer Science Applications
Abstract: International audience; This article describes the robotic assistive technologies developed for users of electrically powered wheelchairs, within the framework of the European Union’s Interreg ADAPT (Assistive Devices for Empowering Disabled People Through Robotic Technologies) project. In particular, special attention is devoted to the integration of advanced sensing modalities and the design of new shared control algorithms. In response to the clinical needs identified by our medical partners, two novel smart wheelchairs with complementary capabilities and a virtual reality (VR)-based wheelchair simulator have been developed. These systems have been validated via extensive experimental campaigns in France and the United Kingdom.
Published: 2023

9. Understanding the Effects of Permanent Faults in GPU's Parallelism Management and Control Units

Author: Guerrero-Balaguera, Juan-David, Condia, Josie E. Rodriguez, Santos, Fernando F. dos, Sonza, Matteo, Rech, Paolo, Department of Computer Engineering (DAUIN), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University of Trento [Trento], ACM, IEEE, and European Project: 899546,MSCA
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], GPUs, fault injection, Hardware Architecture (cs.AR), Permanent faults, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Reliability, Error models, Error models GPUs Permanent faults Reliability fault injection
Abstract: International audience; Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are over-stressed to accelerate High-Performance Computing applications and are used to accelerate Deep Neural Networks in several domains where they have a life expectancy of many years. These conditions expose the GPUs hardware to (premature) aging, causing permanent faults to arise after the usual end-of-manufacturing test. Techniques to assess the impact of permanent faults in GPUs are then strongly required, thus allowing to estimate the reliability risk and to possibly mitigate it. In this paper, we present a method to evaluate the effects of permanent faults affecting the GPU scheduler and control units, which are the most peculiar and stressed resources, along with the first figures that allow quantifying these effects. We characterize over 5.83x10^5 permanent fault effects in the scheduler and controllers of a gate-level GPU model. Then, we map the observed error categories in software by instrumenting the code of 13 applications and two convolutional neural networks, injecting more than 1.65x10^5 permanent errors. Our two-level fault injection strategy reduces the evaluation time from hundreds of years of gate-level evaluation to hundreds of hours.We found that faults in the GPU parallelism management units can modify the opcode, the addresses, and the status of thread(s) and warp(s). The large majority (up to 99%) of these hardware permanent errors impacts the running software execution. Errors affecting the instruction operation or resource management hang the code, while 45% of errors in the parallelism management or control-flow induce silent data corruptions.
Published: 2023

10. Unveiling stealth attack paths in Windows Environments using AWARE

Author: Poisson, Manuel, Viet Triem Tong, Valérie, Guette, Gilles, Abgrall, Erwan, Guihéry, Frédéric, Crémilleux, Damien, Confidentialité, Intégrité, Disponibilité et Répartition (CIDRE), CentraleSupélec-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), CentraleSupélec [campus de Rennes], AMOSSYS, and IEEE ComSoc
Subjects: Attack graph, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], LotL, attack campaign, intrusion, Attack graph attack campaign intrusion LotL
Abstract: International audience; When an attacker targets a system, he aims to remain undetected as long as possible. He must therefore avoid performing actions that are characteristic of an identified malicious behavior. One way to avoid detection is to only perform actions on the system that appear legitimate. That is, actions that are allowed because of the system configuration or actions that are possible by diverting the use of legitimate services. This article presents and experiments AWARE (Attacks in Windows Architectures REvealed), a defensive tool able to query a Windows system and build a directed graph highlighting possible stealthily attack paths that an attacker could use during the propagation phase of an attack campaign. These attack paths only rely on legitimate system actions and the use of Living-Off-The-Land binaries. AWARE also proposes a range of corrective measures to prevent these attack paths.; Lorsqu'un attaquant cible un système, son objectif est de rester indétecté le plus longtemps possible. Il doit donc éviter d'effectuer des actions caractéristiques d'un comportement malveillant identifié. Une façon d'éviter la détection est de n'effectuer que des actions sur le système qui semblent légitimes. C'est-à-dire des actions autorisées en raison de la configuration du système ou des actions possibles en détournant l'utilisation de services légitimes. Cet article présente et expérimente AWARE (Attacks in Windows Architectures REvealed), un outil défensif capable d'interroger un système Windows et de construire un graphe dirigé mettant en évidence les chemins d'attaque furtifs possibles qu'un attaquant pourrait utiliser lors de la phase de propagation d'une campagne d'attaque. Ces chemins d'attaque reposent uniquement sur des actions système légitimes et l'utilisation de binaires Living-Off-The-Land. AWARE propose également une gamme de mesures correctives pour prévenir ces chemins d'attaque.
Published: 2023

11. TwistSLAM++: Fusing multiple modalities for accurate dynamic semantic SLAM

Author: Gonzalez, Mathieu, Marchand, Eric, Kacete, Amine, Royan, Jérôme, B<>COM [Cesson Sévigné], Sensor-based and interactive robotics (RAINBOW), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Robotics, SLAM Localization Mapping, Mapping, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Localization, SLAM, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Robotics (cs.RO)
Abstract: International audience; Most classical SLAM systems rely on the static scene assumption, which limits their applicability in real world scenarios. Recent SLAM frameworks have been proposed to simultaneously track the camera and moving objects. However they are often unable to estimate the canonical pose of the objects and exhibit a low object tracking accuracy. To solve this problem we propose TwistSLAM++, a semantic, dynamic, SLAM system that fuses stereo images and LiDAR information. Using semantic information, we track potentially moving objects and associate them to 3D object detections in LiDAR scans to obtain their pose and size. Then, we perform registration on consecutive object scans to refine object pose estimation. Finally, object scans are used to estimate the shape of the object and constrain map points to lie on the estimated surface within the bundle adjustment. We show on classical benchmarks that this fusion approach based on multimodal information improves the accuracy of object tracking.
Published: 2023

12. Studying the Energy Consumption of Stream Processing Engines in the Cloud

Author: KP, Govind, Pierre, Guillaume, Rouvoy, Romain, Design and Implementation of Autonomous Distributed Systems (MYRIADS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Self-adaptation for distributed services and large software systems (SPIRALS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), IEEE, and Grid5000
Subjects: Energy consumption, Green computing, Data stream processing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Reproducibility
Abstract: International audience; Reducing the energy consumption of the global IT industry requires one to understand and optimize the large software infrastructures the modern data economy relies on. Among them are the data stream processing systems that are deployed in cloud data centers by companies, such as Twitter, to process billion of events per day in real time. However, studying the energy consumption of such infrastructures is difficult because they rely on a complex virtualized software ecosystem where attributing energy consumption to individual software components is a challenge, and because the space of possible configurations is large. We present GreenFlow, a principled methodology and tool designed to automate the deployment of energy measurement experiments for data stream processing systems in cloud environments. GreenFlow is designed to deliver reproducible results while remaining flexible enough to support a wide range of experiments. We illustrate its usage and show in particular that consolidating a DSP system in the smallest number of servers that are capable of processing it is an effective way to reduce energy consumption.
Published: 2023

13. Estimation of Upper-Limb Joint Torques in Static and Dynamic Phases for Lifting Tasks

Author: Ouadoudi Belabzioui, Hasnaa, Pontonnier, Charles, Dumont, Georges, Plantard, Pierre, Multon, Franck, Université de Rennes (UR), Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (MIMETIC), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Moovency [Cesson Sévigné], and CIFRE funded by the Moovency company
Subjects: normalization, machine learning, neural networks normalization regression problem inverse dynamics sequential data machine learning, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], inverse dynamics, sequential data, neural networks, regression problem, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we propose learning architectures to emulate the inverse dynamics step in motion analysis. Indeed, the in situ motion analysis of a work situation is often based on noisy and/or incomplete motion data (video, depth camera...), requiring the development of methods robust to these uncertainties. Our study focuses on the development and evaluation on reference data (opto-electronic motion capture) of a torque estimation tool for upper limbs. The system was trained to estimate joint torques for static and dynamic one-handed load carrying tasks, based on the estimated position of the joint centers, the mass carried and the mass of the subject. The generalizability of our learning models was tested in inter-subject and inter-task scenarios. The average RMSE (N.m) and the average nRMSE (%) metrics were computed for each type of learning architecture. In a future work, we aim at emulating noisy data as an input of the problem to emulate in situ conditions and improve the robustness of the approach.
Published: 2023

14. Stochastic Unrolled Proximal Point Algorithm for linear image inverse problems

Author: Le Bon, Brandon, Le Pendu, Mikaël, Guillemot, Christine, Analysis representation, compression and communication of visual data (Sirocco), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAL, IMAGE ET LANGAGE (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), InterDigital R&D France, and ANR-19-CHIA-0007,DeepCIM,Apprentissage profond pour imagerie computationnelle avec nouvelles modalités d'images(2019)
Subjects: unrolling, inverse problems, stochastic, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ADMM, Proximal Point Algorithm
Abstract: International audience; Unrolled optimization methods have emerged as a way to combine classical iterative optimization techniques with learned priors to efficiently solve image restoration problems. However, learning the regularization prior along the unrolled iterations requires intensive memory usage due to the deep explicit backpropagation, hence making the number of unrolled iterations usually small in practice. Inspired by deep equilibrium models, unrolling models with implicit backpropagation have been considered for solving this issue. Nevertheless, while these methods yield good restoration quality with reduced memory usage, the theory of implicit backpropagation relies on the knowledge of the fixed point of the function to optimize, usually unknown and estimated by iterating until convergence. Therefore, these methods require intensive computation time to ensure a stable backpropagation. In this paper, we present an unrolled Proximal Point Algorithm method, where the end-toend optimization problem is redefined as a per unrolled iteration optimization problem. We prove that the proposed optimization strategy is memory-efficient and applicable for any number of computed unrolled iteration. We empirically show that our method achieves state-of-the-art image restoration quality.
Published: 2023

15. Novel SPD matrix representations considering cross-frequency coupling for EEG classification using Riemannian geometry

Author: Yamamoto, Maria, Mellot, Apolline, Chevallier, Sylvain, Lotte, Fabien, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modèles et inférence pour les données de Neuroimagerie (MIND), IFR49 - Neurospin - CEA, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Popular interaction with 3d content (Potioc), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, and ANR-20-THIA-0013,UDOPIA,Programme Doctoral en Intelligence Artificielle de l'Université Paris-Saclay(2020)
Subjects: Brain-computer interfaces (BCI), [MATH.MATH-DG]Mathematics [math]/Differential Geometry [math.DG], [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Electroencephalography (EEG), Riemannian geometry, cross-frequency coupling (CFC)
Abstract: International audience; Accurate classification of cognitive states from Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals is crucial in neuroscience applications such as Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). Classification pipelines based on Riemannian geometry are often state-of-the-art in the BCI field. In this type of BCI, covariance matrices based on EEG signals of independent frequency bands are used as classification features. However, there is significant neuroscience evidence of neural interactions across frequency bands, such as cross-frequency coupling (CFC). Therefore, in this paper, we propose novel symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrix representations considering CFC for Riemannian geometry-based EEG classification. The spatial interactions of phase and amplitude within and between frequency bands are described in three different CFC SPD matrices. This allows us to include additional discriminative neurophysiological features that are not available in the conventional Riemannian EEG features. Our method was evaluated using a mental workload classification task from a public passive BCI dataset. Our fused model of the three CFC covariance matrices showed statistically significant improvements in average classification accuracies from the conventional covariance matrix in the theta and alpha bands by 18.32% and in the beta and gamma bands by 4.34% with smaller standard deviations. This result confirmed the effectiveness of considering more diverse neurophysiological interactions within and between frequency bands for Riemannian EEG classification.
Published: 2023

16. Stability of Unfolded Forward-Backward to Perturbations in Observed Data

Author: de Valle, Cécile, Centofanti, Ezequiel, Chouzenoux, Emilie, Pesquet, Jean-Christophe, OPtimisation Imagerie et Santé (OPIS), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de vision numérique (CVN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, ANR-19-CHIA-0006,BRIDGEABLE,Ponts entre méthodes itératives proximales et réseaux de neurones(2019), and European Project: ERC-2019-STG-850925,MAJORIS(2020)
Subjects: [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], inverse problems, forwardbackward algorithm, stability, neural networks, unfolding
Abstract: International audience; We consider a neural network architecture to solve inverse problems, which is built by unfolding a forwardbackward algorithm. This algorithm is based on the minimization of an objective function which corresponds to a penalized least squares problem. In this context, ensuring stability is consistent with inverse problem theory since it guarantees both the continuity of the inversion method and its insensitivity to small noise. The latter is a critical property as deep neural networks have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. The main novelty of our work is to analyze the robustness of this inversion method with respect to a perturbation of the bias parameter of the network. In our architecture, the bias accounts for the observed data in the inverse problem. The analysis is performed by using tools of fixed point theory. Our theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations on a problem of signal restoration.
Published: 2023

17. A Water-filling Algorithm Maximizing the Volume of Submatrices Above the Rank

Author: Petit, Claude, Roumy, Aline, Maugey, Thomas, Analysis representation, compression and communication of visual data (Sirocco), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAL, IMAGE ET LANGAGE (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: [MATH]Mathematics [math], Matrix volume, Column subset selection
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we propose an algorithm to extract, from a given rectangular matrix, a submatrix with maximum volume, whose number of extracted columns is greater than the initial matrix rank. This problem arises in compression and summarization of databases, recommender systems, learning, numerical analysis or applied linear algebra. We use a continuous relaxation of the maximum volume matrix extraction problem, which admits a simple and closed form solution: the nonzero singular values of the extracted matrix must be equal. The proposed algorithm extracts matrices with singular values, which are close to be equal. It is inspired by a water-filling technique, traditionally dedicated to equalization strategies in communication channels. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm performs better than sampling methods based on determinantal point processes (DPPs) and achieves similar performance as the best known algorithm, but with a lower complexity.
Published: 2023

18. Gradient-based adaptive importance samplers

Author: Elvira, Víctor, Chouzenoux, Emilie, Akyildiz, Ömer Deniz, Martino, Luca, School of Mathematics - University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, OPtimisation Imagerie et Santé (OPIS), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de vision numérique (CVN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de vision numérique (CVN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, Imperial College London, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), ANR-17-CE40-0031,PISCES,Méthodes d'échantillonnage d'importance adaptatives pour l'inférence Bayésienne dans les systèmes complexes(2017), European Project: ERC-2019-STG-850925,MAJORIS(2020), Chouzenoux, Emilie, Méthodes d'échantillonnage d'importance adaptatives pour l'inférence Bayésienne dans les systèmes complexes - - PISCES2017 - ANR-17-CE40-0031 - AAPG2017 - VALID, ERC-2019-STG-850925 - MAJORIS - ERC-2019-STG-850925 - INCOMING, and Inria Saclay - Île de France
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Poisson field, Bayesian inference, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, Statistics Theory (math.ST), Statistics - Computation, Adaptive importance sampling, FOS: Mathematics, Gaussian mixture, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Monte Carlo, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Computation (stat.CO), Langevin adaptation, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Importance sampling (IS) is a powerful Monte Carlo methodology for the approximation of intractable integrals, very often involving a target probability distribution. The performance of IS heavily depends on the appropriate selection of the proposal distributions where the samples are simulated from. In this paper, we propose an adaptive importance sampler, called GRAMIS, that iteratively improves the set of proposals. The algorithm exploits geometric information of the target to adapt the location and scale parameters of those proposals. Moreover, in order to allow for a cooperative adaptation, a repulsion term is introduced that favors a coordinated exploration of the state space. This translates into a more diverse exploration and a better approximation of the target via the mixture of proposals. Moreover, we provide a theoretical justification of the repulsion term. We show the good performance of GRAMIS in two problems where the target has a challenging shape and cannot be easily approximated by a standard uni-modal proposal.
Published: 2023

19. Modeling: From CASE Tools to SLE and Machine Learning

Author: Jézéquel, Jean-Marc, Diversity-centric Software Engineering (DiverSe), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Bertrand Meyer
Subjects: [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: International audience; Finding better ways to handle software complexity (both inherent and accidental) is the holy grail for a significant part of the software engineering community, and especially for the Model Driven Engineering (MDE) one. To that purpose, plenty of techniques have been proposed, leading to a succession of trends in model based software developments paradigms in the last decades. While these trends seem to pop out from nowhere, we claim in this article that most of them actually stem from trying to get a better grasp on the variability of software. We revisit the history of MDE trying to identify the main aspect of variability they wanted to address when they were introduced. We conclude on what are the variability challenges of our time, including variability of data leading to machine learning of models.
Published: 2023

20. Strains in Fe/Cr/Fe trilayers and (Fe/Cr)5/Fe multilayers epitaxied on MgO and MgO/SrTiO3

Author: Magnifouet, G., Vallet, M., Meslin, E., Walls, M., Bouillet, C., Arabski, J., Pierron-Bohnes, V., Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de recherches de métallurgie physique (SRMP), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay (LMPS), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des solides (SPMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microscopies, imageries et ressources analytiques en région Centre Val de Loire (MACLE-CVL), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE92-0002,MAGIKID,Magnétisme dans les alliages à base de fer: thermodynamique, cinétique et défauts(2016), and European Project: 823717,ESTEEM3
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Fe/Cr/Fe trilayers and multilayers are prepared as model systems designed to furnish simple data comparable with calculation results for diffusion properties in nuclear materials. Their structure (epitaxy, residual strains and dislocations) is characterized in detail. The film structure (strain and stress) is shown to be different on MgO20nm/SrTiO3 and MgO substrates due to the residual strain in the MgO buffer layer on SrTiO3. Superlattices with high crystalline quality are prepared, with Fe and Cr in coherent epitaxy. In-plane residual strain in Fe is +0.45(13)% on MgO substrates and decreases from 1.70(9)% to 0.47(2)% when increasing the thickness of the trilayers on MgO/SrTiO3 substrates. These strains enhance the contrast between Fe and Cr, opening the way to future kinetics studies using x-ray diffraction in this system, which is far more efficient (non-destructive and rapid) than high resolution transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy or atom probe tomography
Published: 2023

21. VioLinn: Proximity-aware Edge Placementwith Dynamic and Elastic Resource Provisioning

Author: Klervie Toczé, Ali J. Fahs, Guillaume Pierre, Simin Nadjm-Tehrani, Linköpings universitet, ActiveEon, Design and Implementation of Autonomous Distributed Systems (MYRIADS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and The work at Linköping University was supported by CUGS national graduate school and ELLIIT strategic research area, and the IRISA collaboration by a mobility grant from Rennes Métropole.
Subjects: Hardware and Architecture, Computer Networks and Communications, elasticity, resource management, Kubernetes, [INFO.INFO-OS]Computer Science [cs]/Operating Systems [cs.OS], [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Edge/fog computing, Software, Information Systems, Computer Science Applications
Abstract: Deciding where to handle services and tasks, as well as provisioning an adequate amount of computing resources for this handling, is a main challenge of edge computing systems. Moreover, latency-sensitive services constrain the type and location of edge devices that can provide the needed resources. When available resources are scarce there is a possibility that some resource allocation requests are denied. In this work, we propose the VioLinn system to tackle the joint problems of task placement, service placement, and edge device provisioning. Dealing with latency-sensitive services is achieved through proximity-aware algorithms that ensure the tasks are handled close to the end-user. Moreover, the concept of spare edge device is introduced to handle sudden load variations in time and space without having to continuously overprovision. Several spare device selection algorithms are proposed with different cost/performance tradeoffs. Evaluations are performed both in a Kubernetes-based testbed and using simulations and show the benefit of using spare devices for handling localized load spikes with higher quality of service (QoS) and lower computing resource usage. The study of the different algorithms shows that it is possible to achieve this increase in QoS with different tradeoffs against cost and performance.
Published: 2023

22. A Lagrangian Approach for Aggregative Mean Field Games of Controls with Mixed and Final Constraints

Author: J. Frédéric Bonnans, Justina Gianatti, Laurent Pfeiffer, Controle, Optimisation, modèles, Méthodes et Applications pour les Systèmes Dynamiques non linéaires (COMMANDS), Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], Centro Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas [Rosario] (CIFASIS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], Dynamical Interconnected Systems in COmplex Environments (DISCO), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe]-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)
Subjects: Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, aggregative games, Control and Optimization, Optimization and Control (math.OC), Applied Mathematics, Lagrangian equilibria, FOS: Mathematics, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], constrained optimal control, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mean field games of controls
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to analyze the existence of equilibria for a class of deterministic mean field games of controls. The interaction between players is due to both a congestion term and a price function which depends on the distributions of the optimal strategies. Moreover, final state and mixed state-control constraints are considered, the dynamics being nonlinear and affine with respect to the control. The existence of equilibria is obtained by Kakutani's theorem, applied to a fixed point formulation of the problem. Finally, uniqueness results are shown under monotonicity assumptions.
Published: 2023

23. Warping character animations using visual motion features

Author: Alberto Jovane, Pierre Raimbaud, Katja Zibrek, Claudio Pacchierotti, Marc Christie, Ludovic Hoyet, Anne-Hélène Olivier, Julien Pettré, Nous, virtuels (VIRTUS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Sensor-based and interactive robotics (RAINBOW), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), European Project: PRESENT, Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and ANR-21-ESRE-0030,CONTINUUM,Collaborative Continuity from Digital to Human(2021)
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, Computers and Graphics, Formatting, General Engineering, Guidelines, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Abstract: International audience; Despite the wide availability of large motion databases, and recent advances in exploiting them to create tailored contents, artists still spend tremendous efforts in editing and adapting existing character animations to new contexts. This motion editing problem is a well-addressed research topic. Yet only a few approaches have considered the influence of the camera angle, and the resulting visual features it yields, as a mean to control and warp a character animation. This paper proposes the design of viewpoint-dependent motion warping units that perform subtle updates on animations through the specification of visual motion features such as visibility, or spatial extent. We express the problem as a specific case of visual servoing, where the warping of a given character motion is regulated by a number of visual features to enforce. Results demonstrate the relevance of the approach for different motion editing tasks and its potential to empower virtual characters with attention-aware communication abilities.
Published: 2023

24. A Survey on Deep Learning Resilience Assessment Methodologies

Author: Annachiara Ruospo, Ernesto Sanchez, Lucas Matana Luza, Luigi Dilillo, Marcello Traiola, Alberto Bosio, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Test and dEpendability of microelectronic integrated SysTems (TEST), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: learning, Resilience, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], General Computer Science, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Safety, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Reliability, Focusing
Abstract: International audience; Deep Learning (DL) applications are gaining increasing interest in the industry and academia for their outstanding computational capabilities. Indeed, they have found successful applications in various areas and domains such as avionics, robotics, automotive, medical wearable devices, gaming; some have been labeled as safety-critical, as system failures can compromise human life. Consequently, DL reliability is becoming a growing concern, and efficient reliability assessment approaches are required to meet safety constraints. This paper presents a survey of the main DL reliability assessment methodologies, focusing mainly on Fault Injection (FI) techniques used to evaluate the DL resilience. The article describes some of the most representative state-of-the-art academic and industrial works describing FI methodologies at different levels of abstraction. Finally, a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology is proposed to provide valuable guidelines for carrying out safety analyses.
Published: 2023

25. Graph-based image gradients aggregated with random forests

Author: Almeida, Raquel, Kijak, Ewa, Malinowski, Simon, Patrocínio Jr, Zenilton K.G., Araújo, Arnaldo, Guimarães, Silvio J.F., Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Creating and exploiting explicit links between multimedia fragments (LinkMedia), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAL, IMAGE ET LANGAGE (IRISA-D6), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), and Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
Subjects: edge detection, Random Forest, Artificial Intelligence, Hierarchical Watershed, segmentation, Signal Processing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, graph, Software
Abstract: International audience; Gradient methods subject images to a series of operations to enhance some characteristics and facilitate image analysis, usually the contours of large objects. We argue that a gradient must show other characteristics, such as minor components and large uniform regions, particularly for the image segmentation task where subjective concepts such as region coherence and similarity are hard to interpret from the pixel information. This work extends the formalism of a previously proposed graph-based image gradient method that uses edge-weighted graphs aggregated with Random Forest (RF) to create descriptive gradients. We aim to explore more extensive input image areas and make changes driven by the RF mechanics. We evaluated the proposals on the edge and segmentation tasks, analyzing the gradient characteristics that most impacted the final segmentation. The experiments indicated that sharp thick contours are crucial, whereas fuzzy maps yielded the worst results even when created from deep methods with more precise edge maps. Also, we analyzed how uniform regions and small details impacted the final segmentation. Statistical analysis on the segmentation task demonstrated that the gradients created by the proposed are significantly better than most of the best edge maps methods and validated our original choices of attributes.
Published: 2023

26. ComBiNet: Visual Query and Comparison of Bipartite Multivariate Dynamic Social Networks

Author: A. Pister, C. Prieur, J.‐D. Fekete, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Université Gustave Eiffel, and ANR-17-CONV-0003,Institut DATAIA (I2-DRIVE),Data Science, Artificial Intelligence and Society(2017)
Subjects: Visualization systems and tools, social network, history, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Arts and humanities, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, visualization
Abstract: International audience; We present ComBiNet, a visualization, query, and comparison system for exploring bipartite multivariate dynamic social networks. Historians and sociologists study social networks constructed from textual sources mentioning events related to people, such as marriage acts, birth certificates, and contracts. We model this type of data using bipartite multivariate dynamic networks to maintain a representation faithful to the original sources while not too complex. Relying on this data model, ComBiNet allows exploring networks using both visual and textual queries using the Cypher language, the two being synchronized to specify queries using the most suitable modality; simple queries are easy to express visually and can be refined textually when they become complex. These queries are used for applying topological and attribute-based selection on the network. Query results are visualized in the context of the whole network and over a geographical map for geolocalized entities. We also present the design of our interaction techniques for querying social networks to visually compare the selections in terms of topology, measures, and attribute distributions. We validate the query and comparison systems by showing how they have been used to answer historical questions and by explaining how they have been improved through a usability study conducted with historians.
Published: 2023

27. Differentiated Consistency for Worldwide Gossips

Author: Davide Frey, Achour Mostefaoui, Matthieu Perrin, Pierre-Louis Roman, Francois Taiani, the World Is Distributed Exploring the tension between scale and coordination (WIDE), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Gestion de Données Distribuées (LS2N - équipe GDD), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ANR-16-CE25-0005,OBrowser,Applications décentralisées sur navigateurs(2016), and ANR-20-CE25-0002,ByBloS,Au-delà des Blockchains : Modules de construction pour les applications à grande échelle zero-confiance multi-utilisateurs(2020)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Blockchain, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Hardware and Architecture, Signal Processing, Distributed system, Epidemic protocol, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Eventual consistency
Abstract: International audience; Eventual consistency is a consistency model that favors liveness over safety. It is often used in large-scale distributed systems where models ensuring a stronger safety incur performance that are too low to be deemed practical. Eventual consistency tends to be uniformly applied within a system, but we argue a demand exists for differentiated eventual consistency, e.g. in blockchain systems.We propose UPS to address this demand. UPS is a novel consistency mechanism that works in pair with our novel two-phase epidemic broadcast protocol GPS to offer differentiated eventual consistency and delivery speed. We propose two complementary analyses of the broadcast protocol: a continuous analysis and a discrete analysis based on compartmental models used in epidemiology. Additionally, we propose the formal definition of a scalable consistency metric to measure the consistency trade-off at runtime. We evaluate UPS in two simulated worldwide settings: a one-million-node network and a network emulating that of the Ethereum blockchain. In both settings, UPS reduces inconsistencies experienced by a majority of the nodes and reduces the average message latency for the remaining nodes.
Published: 2023

28. Harmonic Disturbance Compensation of a System With Long Dead-Time, Design and Experimental Validation

Author: Can Kutlu Yüksel, Tomáš Vyhlídal, Jaroslav Bušek, Milan Anderle, Silviu-Iulian Niculescu, Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering [Prague] (CTU/FME), Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the Czech Academy of Sciences (UTIA / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Dynamical Interconnected Systems in COmplex Environments (DISCO), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agency of the Czech Technical University in Prague under Grant SGS23/157/OHK2/3T/12., and ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011)
Subjects: internal model, Periodic disturbance, Control and Systems Engineering, frequency methods, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, time delay, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Computer Science Applications
Abstract: International audience; An internal model control scheme is proposed to compensate both a long dead-time of a system and a harmonic disturbance. The controller is based on an inversion of the firstorder model used to approximate the system dynamics together with an input delay. Two other components of the controller consist of a filter and an additional delay by which the harmonic modes are targeted via adjusting the control loop gain and phase shift. The design of the filter-delay pair is fully analytical and the implementation of the scheme is straightforward. The main attention is paid to the complete compensation of a single harmonic disturbance. Besides, an extension of the scheme is proposed to target a double harmonic disturbance. Increased attention is paid to the robustness aspects of the schemes. Outstanding performance in terms of harmonic disturbance compensation of the proposed schemes is demonstrated on a series of laboratory experiments.
Published: 2023

29. PalmEx: Adding Palmar Force-Feedback for 3D Manipulation with Haptic Exoskeleton Gloves

Author: Elodie Bouzbib, Marc Teyssier, Thomas Howard, Claudio Pacchierotti, Anatole Lecuyer, Sensor-based and interactive robotics (RAINBOW), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉALITÉ VIRTUELLE, HUMAINS VIRTUELS, INTERACTIONS ET ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Pôle Universitaire Léonard de Vinci (PULV), 3D interaction with virtual environments using body and mind (Hybrid), and Inria
Subjects: Exoskeleton, Artefact, On-demand, ETHD, Signal Processing, Virtual Reality, Haptics, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Encountered-type of Haptic Device, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Software
Abstract: International audience; Haptic exoskeleton gloves are a widespread solution for providing force-feedback in Virtual Reality (VR), especially for 3D object manipulations. However, they are still lacking an important feature regarding in-hand haptic sensations: the palmar contact. In this paper, we present PalmEx, a novel approach which incorporates palmar force-feedback into exoskeleton gloves to improve the overall grasping sensations and manual haptic interactions in VR. PalmEx's concept is demonstrated through a self-contained hardware system augmenting a hand exoskeleton with an encountered palmar contact interface-physically encountering the users' palm. We build upon current taxonomies to elicit PalmEx's capabilities for both the exploration and manipulation of virtual objects. We first conduct a technical evaluation optimising the delay between the virtual interactions and their physical counterparts. We then empirically evaluate PalmEx's proposed design space in a user study (n=12) to assess the potential of a palmar contact for augmenting an exoskeleton. Results show that PalmEx offers the best rendering capabilities to perform believable grasps in VR. PalmEx highlights the importance of the palmar stimulation, and provides a low-cost solution to augment existing high-end consumer hand exoskeletons.
Published: 2023

30. Generalised Lyapunov functions for discrete-time Lurie systems with slope-restricted nonlinearities

Author: Ross Drummond, Giorgio Valmorbida, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering [ Sheffield] (ACSE), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CentraleSupélec, Dynamical Interconnected Systems in COmplex Environments (DISCO), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-18-CE40-0010,HANDY,Systèmes Dynamiques Hybrides et en Réseau(2018)
Subjects: Lurie systems, Control and Systems Engineering, [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, discrete-time absolute stability, Lyapunov functions, Computer Science Applications
Abstract: International audience; A class of Lyapunov functions for discrete-time Lurie systems with monotonic non-linearities is proposed. The Lyapunov functions are composed of quadratic terms on the states and of the system's non-linearities as well as Lurie-Postnikov type integral terms. Crucially, positive definiteness of the matrix in the generalised quadratic form and positivity of the scaling terms of the Lurie-Postnikov integrals are relaxed in the stability conditions. Furthermore, they are used for regional stability analysis and performance assessment. Numerical examples show that the proposed Lyapunov function structure matches or outperforms existing ones for these systems.
Published: 2023

31. Evaluer, diagnostiquer et analyser la traduction automatique neuronale

Author: Yvon, François, Traitement du Langage Parlé (TLP ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences et Technologies des Langues (STL), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, Machine Translation Evaluation, Neural Machine Translation, Linguistics and Language, Literature and Literary Theory, Traduction automatique neuronale, Machine Translation Metrics, Métriques pour la traduction automatique, Language and Linguistics, Evaluation de la traduction automatique
Abstract: Résumé Les outils de traduction automatique (TA) neuronale ont fait des progrès sensibles, qui qui les rendent utilisables pour un nombre croissant de domaines et de couples de langues. Cette évolution majeure des technologies de traduction invite à revisiter les méthodes de mesure de la qualité de la traduction, en particulier des mesures dites automatiques, qui jouent un rôle fondamental pour orienter les nouveaux développements de ces systèmes. Dans cet article, nous dressons un état des lieux des méthodes utilisées dans le cycle de développement des outils de traduction automatique, depuis les évaluations purement quantitatives jusqu’aux méthodologies récemment proposées pour analyser et diagnostiquer le fonctionnement de ces “boites noires” neuronales.
Published: 2022

32. Improving User Environment Detection Using Context-Aware Multi-Task Deep Learning in Mobile Networks

Author: Marie Line Alberi Morel, Illyyne Saffar, Kamal Singh, Sid Ali Hamideche, Cesar Viho, Nokia Bell Labs [Nozay], Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), mEasuRing and ManagIng Network operation and Economic (ERMINE), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: Indoor/Outdoor, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Artificial Intelligence, Computer Networks and Communications, Hardware and Architecture, Multi-task Deep Learning, Context-assisted, User Behavior, Environment Detection, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Cognition of user behavior can make future mobile networks more intelligent and flexible. Knowledge about users' habits can be used to personalize services and intelligently manage network resources. However, inferring this key information with a low-cost signaling implementation, and avoiding constant user interaction, is crucial for Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). With this motivation, this paper investigates the detection of the real-life mobile user environment using contextaware detection via multi-task learning (MTL). We propose models that are able to automatically detect up to eight distinct real-life user environments. We also improve the detection accuracy with the assistance of the mobility state profiling task. We associate both environment and mobility tasks because they correspond to the main attributes of user behavior and, additionally, both of them are correlated. Using MTL, the task of detecting environment corresponds to simultaneously answering the questions: "how and where mobile user consumes mobile services?". We build models using real-life radio data which is already available in network. This data has been massively gathered from multiple diversified situations of mobile users. Simulation results support our claim to detect several environment classes in network infrastructure with improved UED accuracy.
Published: 2022

33. Disease Progression Score Estimation From Multimodal Imaging and MicroRNA Data Using Supervised Variational Autoencoders

Author: Virgilio Kmetzsch, Emmanuelle Becker, Dario Saracino, Daisy Rinaldi, Agnes Camuzat, Isabelle Le Ber, Olivier Colliot, Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamics, Logics and Inference for biological Systems and Sequences (Dyliss), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), The research leading to these results has received funding from the French government under management of Agence Nationale de la Recherche, references ANR-19-P3IA-0001 (PRAIRIE 3IA Institute), ANR-10-IAIHU-06, project PREV-DEMALS (grant number ANR-14-CE15-0016-07), and from the Inria Project Lab Program (project Neuromarkers)., ANR-19-P3IA-0001,PRAIRIE,PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE(2019), ANR-14-CE15-0016,PREV-DEMALS,Prédire pour prévenir les démences frontotemporales (DFT) et la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA)(2014), Colliot, Olivier, PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE - - PRAIRIE2019 - ANR-19-P3IA-0001 - P3IA - VALID, and Appel à projets générique - Prédire pour prévenir les démences frontotemporales (DFT) et la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) - - PREV-DEMALS2014 - ANR-14-CE15-0016 - Appel à projets générique - VALID
Subjects: [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Deep learning, MicroRNA, Neuroimaging, Health Informatics, Variational autoencoder, Neurodegenerative disease, Disease progression score, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Computer Science Applications, [INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Multimodal data, [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Health Information Management, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are rare neurodegenerative diseases with no effective treatment. The development of biomarkers allowing an accurate assessment of disease progression is crucial for evaluating new therapies. Concretely, neuroimaging and transcriptomic (microRNA) data have been shown useful in tracking their progression. However, no single biomarker can accurately measure progression in these complex diseases. Additionally, large samples are not available for such rare disorders. It is thus essential to develop methods that can model disease progression by combining multiple biomarkers from small samples. In this paper, we propose a new framework for computing a disease progression score (DPS) from cross-sectional multimodal data. Specifically, we introduce a supervised multimodal variational autoencoder that can infer a meaningful latent space, where latent representations are placed along a disease trajectory. A score is computed by orthogonal projections onto this path. We evaluate our framework with multiple synthetic datasets and with a real dataset containing 14 patients, 40 presymptomatic genetic mutation carriers and 37 controls from the PREV-DEMALS study. There is no ground truth for the DPS in real-world scenarios, therefore we use the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as a proxy metric. Results with the synthetic datasets support this choice, since the higher the AUC, the more accurate the predicted simulated DPS. Experiments with the real dataset demonstrate better performance in comparison with stateof-the-art approaches. The proposed framework thus leverages cross-sectional multimodal datasets with small sample sizes to objectively measure disease progression, with potential application in clinical trials.
Published: 2022

34. Stabilizing Output-Feedback Control Law for Hyperbolic Systems Using a Fredholm Transformation

Author: Jeanne Redaud, Jean Auriol, Silviu-Iulian Niculescu, Dynamical Interconnected Systems in COmplex Environments (DISCO), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), and CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Control and Systems Engineering, Distributed parameter systems, observer design, backstepping methodology, underactuated networks, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, hyperbolic systems, Computer Science Applications
Abstract: International audience; For most networked systems found in the literature, the actuated boundary is usually located at one end. In this paper, we first consider the stabilization of a chain of two interconnected subsystems, actuated at the in-between boundary. Each subsystem corresponds to coupled hyperbolic partial differential equations. Such in-domain actuation leads to higher complexity, and represents a significant difference with existing results. Then, starting from a classical controllability condition, we design a state feedback control law for the considered class of systems. The proposed approach is based on the backstepping methodology. However, to deal with the complex structure of the system, we use Fredholm integral transforms instead of classical Volterra transforms. We prove the invertibility of such transforms using an original operator framework. The well-posedness of the backstepping kernel equations defining the transformations is also shown with the same arguments. By using a similar procedure, we are then able to design a Luenberger-type observer. Finally, we use the state estimation in the stabilizing controller to obtain an output-feedback law, and some test cases complete the paper.
Published: 2022

35. A cooperative approach to avoiding obstacles and collisions between autonomous industrial vehicles in a simulation platform

Author: Grosset, J., Ndao, A., Fougeres, A-J, Djoko-Kouam, M., Couturier, C., Bonnin, J-M, ECAM Rennes - Louis de Broglie (ECAM), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, and Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Computational Theory and Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence, vehicle location estimation, Autonomous industrial vehicle, vehicle collision avoidance, agent-based simulation, Software, Computer Science Applications, Theoretical Computer Science
Abstract: International audience; Industry 4.0 leads to a strong digitalization of industrial processes, but also a significant increase in communication and cooperation between the machines that make it up. This is the case with autonomous industrial vehicles (AIVs) and other cooperative mobile robots which are multiplying in factories, often in the form of fleets of vehicles, and whose intelligence and autonomy are increasing. While the autonomy of autonomous vehicles has been well characterized in the field of road and road transport, this is not the case for the autonomous vehicles used in industry. The establishment and deployment of AIV fleets raises several challenges, all of which depend on the actual level of autonomy of the AIVs: acceptance by employees, vehicle location, traffic fluidity, collision detection, or vehicle perception of changing environments. Thus, simulation serves to account for the constraints and requirements formulated by the manufacturers and future users of AIVs. In this paper, after having proposed a broad state of the art on the problems to be solved in order to simulate AIVs before proceeding to experiments in real conditions, we present a method to estimate positions of AIVs moving in a closed industrial environment, the extension of a collision detection algorithm to deal with the obstacle avoidance issue, and the development of an agent-based simulation platform for simulating these two methods and algorithms. The resulting/final/subsequent simulation will allow us to experiment in real conditions.
Published: 2022

36. Understanding Multi-View Collaboration between Augmented Reality and Remote Desktop Users

Author: Fages, Arthur, Fleury, Cédric, Tsandilas, Theophanis, Extreme Situated Interaction (EX-SITU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Informatique (IMT Atlantique - INFO), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Equipe Immersive Natural User Interaction team (Lab-STICC_INUIT), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and ANR-21-ESRE-0030,CONTINUUM,Collaborative Continuity from Digital to Human(2021)
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Networks and Communications, remote collaboration, video-mediated communication, Augmented reality, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Establishing an effective collaboration between augmented-reality (AR) and remote desktop users is a challenge because collaborators do not share a common physical space and equipment. Yet, such asymmetrical collaboration configurations are common today for many design tasks, due to the geographical distance of people or unusual circumstances such as a lockdown. We conducted a first study to investigate trade-offs of three remote representations of an AR workspace: a fully virtual representation, a first-person view, and an external view. Building on our findings, we designed ARgus, a multi-view video-mediated communication system that combines these representations through interactive tools for navigation, previewing, pointing, and annotation. We report on a second user study that observed how 12 participants used ARgus to provide remote instructions for an AR furniture arrangement task. Participants extensively used its view transition tools, while the system reduced their reliance on verbal instructions.
Published: 2022

37. A New Belief-Based Incomplete Pattern Unsupervised Classification Method

Author: Zhe Liu, Zuo-Wei Zhang, Ma Zongfang, Hao Wang, Yiru Zhang, Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Declarative & Reliable management of Uncertain, user-generated Interlinked Data (DRUID), GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, unsupervised classification, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Fuzzy logic, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Task (project management), 020901 industrial engineering & automation, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], belief functions theory, Classifier (linguistics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, incomplete pattern, Cluster analysis, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Pattern recognition, Missing data, fuzzy c-means, Computer Science Applications, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Classification methods, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, clustering, Information Systems
Abstract: The clustering of incomplete patterns is a very challenging task because the estimations may negatively affect the distribution of real centers and thus cause uncertainty and imprecision in the results. To address this problem, a new belief-based incomplete pattern unsupervised classification method (BPC) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the complete patterns are grouped into a few clusters by a classical soft method like fuzzy c-means to obtain the corresponding reliable centers and thereby are partitioned into reliable patterns and unreliable ones by an optimization method. Secondly, a basic classifier trained by reliable patterns is employed to classifies unreliable patterns and the incomplete patterns edited by the neighbors. In this way, most of the edited incomplete patterns can be submitted to specific clusters. Finally, some ambiguous patterns will be carefully repartitioned again by a new distance-based rule depending on the obtained reliable centers and belief functions theory. By doing this, a few patterns that are very difficult to classify between different specific clusters will be reasonably submitted to meta-cluster which can characterize the uncertainty and imprecision of the clusters due to missing values. The simulation results show that the BPC has the potential to deal with real datasets. © 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Published: 2022

38. Explainable artificial intelligence for cybersecurity: a literature survey

Author: Fabien Charmet, Harry Chandra Tanuwidjaja, Solayman Ayoubi, Pierre-François Gimenez, Yufei Han, Houda Jmila, Gregory Blanc, Takeshi Takahashi, Zonghua Zhang, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), SIMulating and Building IOT (SIMBIOT), Department of Networks, Systems and Services (LORIA - NSS), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), CentraleSupélec [campus de Rennes], Sécurité et Confiance Numérique (SCN-SAMOVAR), Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux (SAMOVAR), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Département Réseaux et Services de Télécommunications (TSP - RST), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Mathematical and Algorithmic Science Lab, France Research Center, Huawei Technologies, and Huawei Technologies France [Boulogne-Billancourt]
Subjects: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: With the extensive application of deep learning (DL) algorithms in recent years, e.g., for detecting Android malware or vulnerable source code, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly becoming essential in the development of cybersecurity solutions. However, sharing the same fundamental limitation with other DL application domains, such as computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP), AI-based cybersecurity solutions are incapable of justifying the results (ranging from detection and prediction to reasoning and decision-making) and making them understandable to humans. Consequently, explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a paramount topic addressing the related challenges of making AI models explainable or interpretable to human users. It is particularly relevant in cybersecurity domain, in that XAI may allow security operators, who are overwhelmed with tens of thousands of security alerts per day (most of which are false positives), to better assess the potential threats and reduce alert fatigue. We conduct an extensive literature review on the intersection between XAI and cybersecurity. Particularly, we investigate the existing literature from two perspectives: the applications of XAI to cybersecurity (e.g., intrusion detection, malware classification), and the security of XAI (e.g., attacks on XAI pipelines, potential countermeasures). We characterize the security of XAI with several security properties that have been discussed in the literature. We also formulate open questions that are either unanswered or insufficiently addressed in the literature, and discuss future directions of research.
Published: 2022

39. Visualization in Motion: A Research Agenda and Two Evaluations

Author: Lijie Yao, Anastasia Bezerianos, Romain Vuillemot, Petra Isenberg, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Situated Interaction, Collaboration, Adaptation and Learning (SICAL), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE33-0012,EMBER,Visualisations situées pour l'analyse de données personnelles(2019)
Subjects: Movement, Research agenda, Visualization in motion, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Wearable Electronic Devices, Motion, Video Games, Signal Processing, Computer Graphics, Perception, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Software, Visualization
Abstract: International audience; We contribute a research agenda for visualization in motion and two experiments to understand how well viewers can read data from moving visualizations. We define visualizations in motion as visual data representations that are used in contexts that exhibit relative motion between a viewer and an entire visualization. Sports analytics, video games, wearable devices, or data physicalizations are example contexts that involve different types of relative motion between a viewer and a visualization. To analyze the opportunities and challenges for designing visualization in motion, we show example scenarios and outline a first research agenda. Motivated primarily by the prevalence of and opportunities for visualizations in sports and video games we started to investigate a small aspect of our research agenda: the impact of two important characteristics of motion---speed and trajectory on a stationary viewer's ability to read data from moving donut and bar charts. We found that increasing speed and trajectory complexity did negatively affect the accuracy of reading values from the charts and that bar charts were more negatively impacted. In practice, however, this impact was small: both charts were still read fairly accurately.
Published: 2022

40. Genome Assembly

Author: Lavenier, Dominique, Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

41. The Evolution of Federated Learning-Based Intrusion Detection and Mitigation: A Survey

Author: Leo Lavaur, Marc-Oliver Pahl, Yann Busnel, Fabien Autrel, Département Systèmes Réseaux, Cybersécurité et Droit du numérique (IMT Atlantique - SRCD), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Objets communicants pour l'Internet du futur (OCIF), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), mEasuRing and ManagIng Network operation and Economic (ERMINE), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and This research is part of the chair CyberCNI.fr with support of the FEDER development fund of the Brittany region.
Subjects: machine learning, federated learning, network security management, attack mitigation, [INFO.INFO-IT]Computer Science [cs]/Information Theory [cs.IT], Computer Networks and Communications, intrusion detection systems, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], collaborative sharing, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: International audience; In 2016, Google introduced the concept of Federated Learning (FL), enabling collaborative Machine Learning (ML). FL does not share local data but ML models, offering applications in diverse domains. This paper focuses on the application of FL to Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). There, common criteria to compare existing solutions are missing. In particular, this survey shows: (i) how FL-based IDSs are used in different domains; (ii) what differences exist between architectures; (iii) the state of the art of FL-based IDS. With a structured literature survey, this work identifies the relevant state of the art in FL-based intrusion detection from its creation in 2016 until 2021. It provides a reference architecture and a taxonomy to serve as guidelines to compare and design FLbased IDSs. Both are validated with the existing works. Finally, it identifies research directions for the application of FL to intrusion detection systems.
Published: 2022

42. Do You Believe Your (Social Media) Data? A Personal Story on Location Data Biases, Errors, and Plausibility as Well as Their Visualization

Author: Tobias Isenberg, Zujany Salazar, Rafael Blanco, Catherine Plaisant, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Télécom SudParis (TSP), University of Maryland [Baltimore], CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), and CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: iNaturalist, Data obfuscation, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Data error, Citizen science, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Social media data, Bias, Signal Processing, Computer Graphics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Humans, Data bias, Panoramio, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Flickr, Social Media, Data plausibility, Software
Abstract: We present a case study on a journey about a personal data collection of carnivorous plant species habitats, and the resulting scientific exploration of location data biases, data errors, location hiding, and data plausibility. While initially driven by personal interest, our work led to the analysis and development of various means for visualizing threats to insight from geo-tagged social media data. In the course of this endeavor we analyzed local and global geographic distributions and their inaccuracies. We also contribute Motion Plausibility Profiles-a new means for visualizing how believable a specific contributor's location data is or if it was likely manipulated. We then compared our own repurposed social media dataset with data from a dedicated citizen science project. Compared to biases and errors in the literature on traditional citizen science data, with our visualizations we could also identify some new types or show new aspects for known ones. Moreover, we demonstrate several types of errors and biases for repurposed social media data. Please note that people with color impairments may consider our alternative paper version.
Published: 2022

43. An Iterative Centroid Approach for Diffeomorphic Online Atlasing

Author: Antoine Legouhy, Francois Rousseau, Christian Barillot, Olivier Commowick, Neuroimagerie: méthodes et applications (EMPENN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAL, IMAGE ET LANGAGE (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Medicale (LaTIM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Département lmage et Traitement Information (IMT Atlantique - ITI), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), ANR-15-CE23-0009,MAIA,Analyse multiphysiques fondée sur l'imagerie pour la compréhension du développement cérébral des prématurés(2015), Commowick, Olivier, and Analyse multiphysiques fondée sur l'imagerie pour la compréhension du développement cérébral des prématurés - - MAIA2015 - ANR-15-CE23-0009 - AAPG2015 - VALID
Subjects: Iterative centroid, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Atlasing, Online, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Software, Computer Science Applications
Abstract: International audience; Online atlasing, i.e., incrementing an atlas with new images as they are acquired, is key when performing studies on very large, or still being gathered, databases. Regular approaches to atlasing however do not focus on this aspect and impose a complete reconstruction of the atlas when adding images. We propose instead a diffeomorphic online atlasing method that allows gradual updates to an atlas. In this iterative centroid approach, we integrate new subjects in the atlas in an iterative manner, gradually moving the centroid of the images towards its final position. This leads to a computationally cheap approach since it only necessitates one additional registration per new subject added. We validate our approach on several experiments with three main goals: 1-to evaluate atlas image quality of the obtained atlases with sharpness and overlap measures, 2-to assess the deviation in terms of transformations with respect to a conventional atlasing method and 3-to compare its computational time with regular approaches of the literature. We demonstrate that the transformations divergence with respect to a stateof-the-art atlas construction method is small and reaches a plateau, that the two construction methods have the same ability to map subject homologous regions onto a common space and produce images of equivalent quality. The computational time of our approach is also drastically reduced for regular updates. Finally, we also present a direct extension of our method to update spatio-temporal atlases, especially useful for developmental studies.
Published: 2022

44. SpecHLS: Speculative Accelerator Design Using High-Level Synthesis

Author: Jean-Michel Gorius, Simon Rokicki, Steven Derrien, Architectures matérielles spécialisées pour l’ère post loi-de-Moore (TARAN), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Hardware and Architecture, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Software
Abstract: International audience; Custom hardware accelerators usage is shifting towards new application domains such as graph analytics and unstructured text analysis. These applications expose complex control-flow which is challenging to map to hardware, especially when operating from a C/C++ description using High-Level Synthesis toolchains. Several approaches relying on speculative execution have been proposed to overcome those limitations, but they often fail to handle the multiple interacting speculations required for realistic use-cases. This paper proposes a fully automated hardware synthesis flow based on a source-to-source compiler that identifies and explores intricate speculation configurations to generate speculative hardware accelerators.
Published: 2022

45. MERRIN: MEtabolic regulation rule INference from time series data

Author: Kerian Thuillier, Caroline Baroukh, Alexander Bockmayr, Ludovic Cottret, Loïc Paulevé, Anne Siegel, Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Dynamics, Logics and Inference for biological Systems and Sequences (Dyliss), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Freie Universität Berlin, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), financially supported by ECCB2022, ANR-20-CE45-0001,BNeDiction,Ensembles de Réseaux Booléens Prédictifs(2020), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Time Factors, Multiscale dynamics, Model synthesis, Logic programming, Biochemistry, humanities, Boolean networks, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Computer Science Applications, Computational Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Hybrid metabolic-regulatory models, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Transcriptome, Molecular Biology, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Software, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Motivation Many techniques have been developed to infer Boolean regulations from a prior knowledge network (PKN) and experimental data. Existing methods are able to reverse-engineer Boolean regulations for transcriptional and signaling networks, but they fail to infer regulations that control metabolic networks. Results We present a novel approach to infer Boolean rules for metabolic regulation from time-series data and a PKN. Our method is based on a combination of answer set programming and linear programming. By solving both combinatorial and linear arithmetic constraints, we generate candidate Boolean regulations that can reproduce the given data when coupled to the metabolic network. We evaluate our approach on a core regulated metabolic network and show how the quality of the predictions depends on the available kinetic, fluxomics or transcriptomics time-series data. Availability and implementation Software available at https://github.com/bioasp/merrin. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6670164.
Published: 2022

46. Compression quasi sans perte d'images satellites par filtrage de résidus

Author: Bacchus, Pascal, Roumy, Aline, Fraisse, Renaud, Guillemot, Christine, Analysis representation, compression and communication of visual data (Sirocco), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAL, IMAGE ET LANGAGE (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Airbus Defence and Space [Toulouse]
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science
Abstract: National audience; We describe an end-to-end trainable neural network for satellite image compression. We first introduce a cost functioncombining a perceptual loss and the classical mean square error that significantly improves the performance of the proposedcompression solution. We then present a multi-loss balancing strategy to optimize the learning. Finally, we add a compression ofthe image residual with a specialised network to best preserve the high frequency details present in the satellite images.; Nous décrivons un réseau de neurones entraînable de bout en bout pour la compression d'images satellites. Nous introduisons d'abord une fonction de coût combinant une perte perceptuelle et l'erreur quadratique moyenne classique qui améliore de manière significative les performances de la solution de compression proposée. Nous présentons ensuite une stratégie d'équilibrage multi-objectifs pour optimiser l'apprentissage. Enfin, nous ajoutons une compression du résidu de l'image avec un réseau spécialisé pour préserver au mieux les détails à haute fréquence présents dans les images satellites.
Published: 2023

47. Histoire Récente de la Sécurité des Contenus Multimédia Un Focus sur la Dissimulation d'Information

Author: Bas, Patrick, Doerr, Gwenael, Furon, Teddy, Puech, William, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Synamedia Technologies France [Rennes], Creating and exploiting explicit links between multimedia fragments (LinkMedia), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAL, IMAGE ET LANGAGE (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL], Creating and exploiting explicit links between multimedia fragments [LinkMedia], and Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier [LIRMM]
Subjects: [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: International audience; Digital watermarking and steganography are the two sides of the same information hiding in multimedia content. In this article, we will review the major technical advances of both domains, and we will highlight how these technologies have now become part of our everyday life.; Le tatouage numérique et la stéganographie sont les deux faces de la dissimulation d'information dans les contenus multimédia. Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les avancées techniques de ces deux domaines et nous indiquons comment ces technologies se sont installées dans notre vie de tous les jours.
Published: 2023

48. Generative AI for Reengineering Variants into Software Product Lines: An Experience Report

Author: Acher, Mathieu, Martinez, Jabier, Diversity-centric Software Engineering (DiverSe), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), TECNALIA France, and Tecnalia
Subjects: software product line, reverse engineering, variant, generative AI, variability, large language model, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], configuration
Abstract: International audience; The migration and reengineering of existing variants into a software product line (SPL) is an error-prone and time-consuming activity. Many extractive approaches have been proposed, spanning different activities from feature identification and naming to the synthesis of reusable artefacts. In this paper, we explore how large language model (LLM)-based assistants can support domain analysts and developers. We revisit four illustrative cases of the literature where the challenge is to migrate variants written in different formalism (UML class diagrams, Java, GraphML, statecharts). We systematically report on our experience with ChatGPT-4, describing our strategy to prompt LLMs and documenting positive aspects but also failures. We compare the use of LLMs with state-of-the-art approach, BUT4Reuse. While LLMs offer potential in assisting domain analysts and developers in transitioning software variants into SPLs, their intrinsic stochastic nature and restricted ability to manage large variants or complex structures necessitate a semiautomatic approach, complete with careful review, to counteract inaccuracies.
Published: 2023

49. Démélange, déconvolution et débruitage conjoints d’un modèle convolutif parcimonieux avec dérive instrumentale, par pénalisation de rapports de normes ou quasi-normes lissées (PENDANTSS)

Author: Zheng, Paul, Chouzenoux, Emilie, Duval, Laurent, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), OPtimisation Imagerie et Santé (OPIS), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de vision numérique (CVN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), and European Project: ERC-2019-STG-850925,MAJORIS(2020)
Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: Denoising, detrending, deconvolution: usual restoration tasks, traditionally decoupled. Coupled formulations entail complex ill-posed inverse problems. We propose PENDANTSS for joint trend removal and blind deconvolution of sparse peak-like signals. It blends a parsimonious prior with the hypothesis that smooth trend and noise can somewhat be separated by low-pass filtering. We combine the generalized pseudo-norm ratio SOOT/SPOQ sparse penalties $\ell_p/\ell_q$ with the BEADS ternary assisted source separation algorithm. This results in a both convergent and efficient tool, with a novel Trust-Region block alternating variable metric forward-backward approach. It outperforms comparable methods, when applied to typically peaked analytical chemistry signals. Reproducible code is provided: https://github.com/paulzhengfr/PENDANTSS., Comment: in French language
Published: 2023

50. On Programming Variability with Large Language Model-based Assistant

Author: Acher, Mathieu, Duarte, José, Jézéquel, Jean-Marc, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Diversity-centric Software Engineering (DiverSe), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Séville | University of Seville | Universidad de Sevilla, ACM, and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: variants, variability, generative AI, software product lines, large language model, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], programming
Abstract: International audience; Programming variability is central to the design and implementation of software systems that can adapt to a variety of contexts and requirements, providing increased flexibility and customization. Managing the complexity that arises from having multiple features, variations, and possible configurations is known to be highly challenging for software developers. In this paper, we explore how large language model (LLM)-based assistants can support the programming of variability. We report on new approaches made possible with LLM-based assistants, like: features and variations can be implemented as prompts; augmentation of variability out of LLM-based domain knowledge; seamless implementation of variability in different kinds of artefacts, programming languages, and frameworks, at different binding times (compile-time or run-time). We are sharing our data (prompts, sessions, generated code, etc.) to support the assessment of the effectiveness and robustness of LLMs for variability-related tasks.
Published: 2023

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