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Enhancing the degree of polymerization can mitigate the cytotoxic effects of resinous materials, as residual monomers have been identified as a significant contributor to cytotoxicity. Hence, the aim of the current research was to evaluate the influence of preheating self-adhesive cements at 39 °C on cell migration, cytotoxicity, and degree of conversion. RelyX U200, Set PP, and MaxCem Elite were subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR–ATR). Self-adhesive resin cements were applied onto an ATR device, with samples subjected to either heated or room temperature conditions, followed by photoactivation. For the cytotoxicity analysis, extracts (24 h and 7 days) were placed in contact with NIH/3T3 cells. For cell migration, images were captured of each sample until the possible closure of the cleft occurred. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the effect of preheating on the degree of conversion and cell viability within the self-adhesive cements tested. A significance level of 5% was set for statistical purposes. In the results of the degree of conversion, preheating did not improve the conversion of cements (p > 0.05). For the 3-(4-5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), preheating did not improve the results within 24 h, however, it generated positive results within 7 days for the Set PP resin cement (p < 0.05). For cell migration, high rates of cell death were found in all groups. It is concluded that preheating at 39 °C causes a positive effect only in increasing the cell viability of the Set PP resin cement and that both materials analyzed are highly cytotoxic.

Enhancing the degree of polymerization can mitigate the cytotoxic effects of resinous materials, as residual monomers have been identified as a significant contributor to cytotoxicity. Hence, the aim of the current research was to evaluate the influence of preheating self-adhesive cements at 39 °C on cell migration, cytotoxicity, and degree of conversion. RelyX U200, Set PP, and MaxCem Elite were subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR–ATR). Self-adhesive resin cements were applied onto an ATR device, with samples subjected to either heated or room temperature conditions, followed by photoactivation. For the cytotoxicity analysis, extracts (24 h and 7 days) were placed in contact with NIH/3T3 cells. For cell migration, images were captured of each sample until the possible closure of the cleft occurred. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the effect of preheating on the degree of conversion and cell viability within the self-adhesive cements tested. A significance level of 5% was set for statistical purposes. In the results of the degree of conversion, preheating did not improve the conversion of cements (p > 0.05). For the 3-(4-5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), preheating did not improve the results within 24 h, however, it generated positive results within 7 days for the Set PP resin cement (p < 0.05). For cell migration, high rates of cell death were found in all groups. It is concluded that preheating at 39 °C causes a positive effect only in increasing the cell viability of the Set PP resin cement and that both materials analyzed are highly cytotoxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background The adhesion and survival state of cells on scaffold material is a major problem in tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) culture. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a large amount of biologically active factors and fibrin, which is expected to play an important role in TEBV culture. Purpose To combine PRP with cells and scaffold material to promote cell adhesion and biological activity on the scaffold material. Methods The adhesion status and migration of SMCs under the optimal concentration suitable for SMC growth and the optimal concentration of PRP were examined by scanning electron microscopy, HE staining, CCK-8 assays, qPCR, WB, and other experimental methods and compared with those under the conventional culture (20% FBS); finally, the effect of PRP on the deposition of ECM in vascular tissue engineering culture was verified by three-dimensional culture. Results PRP at 20% is a suitable concentration for SMCs. Compared with the control group, the 20% PRP group had better migration, and the number of SMC adhesions was significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, collagen deposition in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion PRP (20%) can promote SMC adhesion, migration, and collagen deposition on the scaffold material.

Background: The adhesion and survival state of cells on scaffold material is a major problem in tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) culture. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a large amount of biologically active factors and fibrin, which is expected to play an important role in TEBV culture. Purpose: To combine PRP with cells and scaffold material to promote cell adhesion and biological activity on the scaffold material. Methods: The adhesion status and migration of SMCs under the optimal concentration suitable for SMC growth and the optimal concentration of PRP were examined by scanning electron microscopy, HE staining, CCK-8 assays, qPCR, WB, and other experimental methods and compared with those under the conventional culture (20% FBS); finally, the effect of PRP on the deposition of ECM in vascular tissue engineering culture was verified by three-dimensional culture. Results: PRP at 20% is a suitable concentration for SMCs. Compared with the control group, the 20% PRP group had better migration, and the number of SMC adhesions was significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, collagen deposition in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: PRP (20%) can promote SMC adhesion, migration, and collagen deposition on the scaffold material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Activated inflammatory cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate pathogens. Under normal conditions, the pathogens are taken care of, and tissues are repaired. However, in periodontal disease, persistent inflammation causes increased ROS release and impaired healing. Therefore, removal of overproduced ROS using antioxidants is necessary. Hydrogen water has an antioxidative effect on cells and impedes oxidative stress-related disorders. Aim: To study the effect of hydrogen water on cell viability, migration, and its antioxidative potential in fibroblasts obtained from chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: The gingival tissue samples were obtained from 26 subjects (13 periodontally healthy individuals and 13 chronic periodontitis patients) and processed. The human gingival fibroblasts were cultured and the assays were commenced once adequate growth was detected. The effect of hydrogen water on cell viability was checked by neutral red assay, while the migration potential was assessed by transwell migration assay. The antioxidative potential of hydrogen water was evaluated by CUPRAC assay. Statistical Analysis: Intergroup comparison was done using Mann–Whitney U-test. Intragroup comparison was done using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Hydrogen water was nontoxic to the fibroblasts at 24 h and 48 h. The intergroup comparison of the cell viability between hydrogen water-treated periodontally healthy gingival fibroblasts (HF) and fibroblasts from patients with chronic periodontitis (CF) showed a statistically significant (P = 0.00) difference at 24 h and 48 h. Hydrogen water also positively influenced the migratory capacity. Hydrogen water-treated fibroblasts obtained from chronic periodontitis patients showed more migration in comparison to the healthy group (P = 0.00). Hydrogen water showed an antioxidative potential. The maximum potential was seen in relation to the fibroblasts obtained from chronic periodontitis patients at 48 h. Conclusion: Hydrogen water was nontoxic, increased the migratory capacity, and showed an antioxidative potential on human fibroblasts obtained from periodontally healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis.

Background: Activated inflammatory cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate pathogens. Under normal conditions, the pathogens are taken care of, and tissues are repaired. However, in periodontal disease, persistent inflammation causes increased ROS release and impaired healing. Therefore, removal of overproduced ROS using antioxidants is necessary. Hydrogen water has an antioxidative effect on cells and impedes oxidative stress-related disorders. Aim: To study the effect of hydrogen water on cell viability, migration, and its antioxidative potential in fibroblasts obtained from chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: The gingival tissue samples were obtained from 26 subjects (13 periodontally healthy individuals and 13 chronic periodontitis patients) and processed. The human gingival fibroblasts were cultured and the assays were commenced once adequate growth was detected. The effect of hydrogen water on cell viability was checked by neutral red assay, while the migration potential was assessed by transwell migration assay. The antioxidative potential of hydrogen water was evaluated by CUPRAC assay. Statistical Analysis: Intergroup comparison was done using Mann-Whitney U-test. Intragroup comparison was done using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Hydrogen water was nontoxic to the fibroblasts at 24 h and 48 h. The intergroup comparison of the cell viability between hydrogen water-treated periodontally healthy gingival fibroblasts (HF) and fibroblasts from patients with chronic periodontitis (CF) showed a statistically significant (P = 0.00) difference at 24 h and 48 h. Hydrogen water also positively influenced the migratory capacity. Hydrogen water-treated fibroblasts obtained from chronic periodontitis patients showed more migration in comparison to the healthy group (P = 0.00). Hydrogen water showed an antioxidative potential. The maximum potential was seen in relation to the fibroblasts obtained from chronic periodontitis patients at 48 h. Conclusion: Hydrogen water was nontoxic, increased the migratory capacity, and showed an antioxidative potential on human fibroblasts obtained from periodontally healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide, both in developed and developing countries. Therefore, effective treatment of cervical cancer with potential anti-tumor drugs is important. However, new treatments inspired by nutritional medicine are needed. Objective: To use the human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and SiHa to evaluate the antiproliferative, apoptotic, and migratory activity of sorghum (kafirins). Materials and methods: The anticancer effects of the kafirins were examined by counting cells, MTT assays, apoptosis, and migration assays. Results: This investigation showed that sorghum induced growth inhibition of HeLa and SiHa cells at a significant level. The growth inhibition is dose-dependent and irreversible. When HeLa and SiHa cells were treated with sorghum due to the activity of kafirins, morphological changes were observed, which were identified through the formation of apoptopic bodies. And the kafirins at concentrations of 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 µg/mL decreased the migration of HeLa cells and SiHa cells. Conclusion: This paper demonstrates the induction of antiproliferative, apoptotic, and anti-migratory activity in HeLa and SiHa cells by kafirins. Sorghum may be used as a nutraceutical with potential cancer-prevention benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of miR-223-3p and miR-155-5p on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)., Methodology: EMT markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, P120 catenin (P120ctn), and vimentin) expression was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis in SCC-9 cells which overexpress miR-155-5p and/or not express miR-223-3p. Scratch assays and Transwell migration assays were conducted to evaluate cell migration ability., Results: When miR-223-3p was inhibited in OSCC cells, P120ctn and E-cadherin mRNA levels were dramatically downregulated (P<0.05), while N-cadherin levels were significantly upregulated, and the migration ability of OSCC cells increased. The overexpression of miR-155-5p in OSCC cells upregulated miR-223-3p significantly (34-fold) compared to the control group. It also led to significant downregulation of the mRNA of P120ctn and E-cadherin and significant upregulation of the mRNA of N-cadherin and Vimentin (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the migratory ability of OSCC cells significantly increased. When miR-155-5p was overexpressed while miR-223-3p was inhibited, the highest expression of E-cadherin and P120ctn mRNA and the lowest expression of N-cadherin(P<0.05) was observed. Simultaneously, tumor cell migration was significantly facilitated., Conclusion: miR-223-3p inhibits the migration of OSCC cells, while miR-155-5p can elevate the miR-223-3p mRNA expression. The simultaneous miR-155-5p overexpression and miR-223-3p inhibition can activate pEMT, increasing OSCC migration in vitro. This provides a novel approach and potential target for the effective treatment of OSCC.

Psychological stress and glucocorticoids are associated with heightened cardiovascular disease risk. We investigated whether stress or cortisol would be associated with reduced circulating angiogenic cell (CAC) function, an index of impaired vascular repair. We hypothesized that minority-race individuals who experience threat in interracial interactions would exhibit reduced CAC function, and that this link might be explained by cortisol. To test this experimentally, we recruited 106 African American participants for a laboratory interracial interaction task, in which they received socially evaluative feedback from Caucasian confederates. On a separate day, a subset of 32 participants (mean age=26years, 47% female) enrolled in a separate biological substudy and provided blood samples for CAC isolation and salivary samples to quantify the morning peak in cortisol (the cortisol awakening response, CAR). CAC function was quantified using cell culture assays of migration to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and secretion of VEGF into the culture medium. Heightened threat in response to an interracial interaction and trait anxiety in vivo were both associated with poorer CAC migratory function in vitro. Further, threat and poorer sustained attention during the interracial interaction were associated with a higher CAR, which in turn, was related to lower CAC sensitivity to glucocorticoids. In vitro, higher doses of cortisol impaired CAC migratory function and VEGF protein secretion. The glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 reversed this functional impairment. These data identify a novel, neuroendocrine pathway by which psychological stress may reduce CAC function, with potential implications for cardiovascular health.

Innate-like B-1a lymphocytes rapidly redistribute to regional mediastinal lymph nodes (MedLNs) during influenza infection to generate protective IgM. Here we demonstrate that influenza infection-induced type I interferons directly stimulate body cavity B-1 cells and are a necessary signal required for B-1 cell accumulation in MedLNs. Vascular mimetic flow chamber studies show that type I interferons increase ligand-mediated B-1 cell adhesion under shear stress by inducing high-affinity conformation shifts of surface-expressed integrins. In vivo trafficking experiments identify CD11b as the non-redundant, interferon-activated integrin required for B-1 cell accumulation in MedLNs. Thus, CD11b on B-1 cells senses infection-induced innate signals and facilitates their rapid sequester into secondary lymphoid tissues, thereby regulating the accumulation of polyreactive IgM producers at sites of infection.

The physiological electric field serves specific biological functions, such as directing cell migration in embryo development, neuronal outgrowth and epithelial wound healing. Applying a direct current electric field to cultured cells in vitro induces directional cell migration, or galvanotaxis. The 2-dimensional galvanotaxis method we demonstrate here is modified with custom-made poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) chambers, glass surface, platinum electrodes and the use of a motorized stage on which the cells are imaged. The PVC chambers and platinum electrodes exhibit low cytotoxicity and are affordable and re-useable. The glass surface and the motorized microscope stage improve quality of images and allow possible modifications to the glass surface and treatments to the cells. We filmed the galvanotaxis of two non-tumorigenic, SV40-immortalized prostate cell lines, pRNS-1-1 and PNT2. These two cell lines show similar migration speeds and both migrate toward the cathode, but they do show a different degree of directionality in galvanotaxis. The results obtained via this protocol suggest that the pRNS-1-1 and the PNT2 cell lines may have different intrinsic features that govern their directional migratory responses.

Objective To explore the application of neutrophil migration distance for wound age estimation of skeletal muscles in rats, and to provide methodological basis for follow-up study in future. Methods The skeletal muscle contusion model was established in rats, and the control group and the 2, 4, 6 h post-traumatic groups were set. The law of response of neutrophils that participated in the inflammation after injury was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between neutrophil migration distance and injury time was detected by TissueFAXS PLUS software. Results The skeletal muscle was obviously infiltrated with neutrophils 2-6 h after injury. The positive rate of neutrophil was （28.75±0.94）% at 2 h post-traumatic, and reached the peak （45.50±3.63）% at 4 h post-traumatic, then decreased to （31.92±1.56）% at 6 h post-traumatic. The neutrophil migration distances increased with the progress of inflammation, and reached （124.80±12.32） μm, （229.03±21.45） μm and （335.04±16.75） μm at 2 h, 4 h and 6 h, respectively. Conclusion There is a relationship of neutrophil infiltrated number and migration distance and wound age within the 2-6 h after skeletal muscle injury, which could be used for the inference of skeletal muscle wound age.

Objective To explore the effect of LncRNA PCAT19 on the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells and its regulatory effect on miR-137. Methods The qRT-PCR method was used to detect the expression levels of PCAT19 and miR-137 in prostate cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. Human prostate cancer cells DU145 were cultured in vitro, and si-NC, PCAT19 small interfering RNA (si-PCAT19) and its negative control (si-NC), si-PCAT19 and miR-137 specific oligonucleotide inhibitor negative control (anti-miR-NC), si-PCAT19 and miR-137 specific oligonucleotide inhibitor (anti-miR-137). were transfected into DU145 cells respectively. The qRT-PCR method was used to detect the expression levels of PCAT19 and miR-137 in DU145 cells. The MTT method was used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. The Transwell chamber was used to detect cell migration and invasion. The dual luciferase reporter experiment was used to detect the targeting relationship of PCAT19 and miR-137. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin protein. Results Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression level of PCAT19 in prostate cancer tissue was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression level of miR-137 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Transfection of si-PCAT19 can significantly reduce the OD value, the proportion of S-phase cells and the level of N-cadherin protein (P＜ 0.05), increase the proportion of G0-G1 phase cells and the protein level of E-cadherin (P＜0.05), and reduce the number of migration and invasion cells (P<0.05). The dual luciferase report experiment confirmed that PCAT19 could target miR-137. Interference with the expression of miR-137 could significantly reverse the effects of interference with PCAT19 on the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of DU145 cells. Conclusion Interference with PCAT19 expression could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells by up-regulating the expression of miR-137, and could induce cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectivePhotodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been investigated as a technique for the delivery of therapeutic agents to selective regions of the brain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PDT on the migration of systemically administered exogenous macrophages (Ma) loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles in non-tumor bearing rats.Materials and methodsA control group consisting of three Sprague-Dawley rats was injected with iron oxide-loaded rat alveolar Ma via jugular vein catheter while two animals were subjected to intracranial injection of iron oxide-loaded Ma. PDT-treated animals were injected with photosensitizer (AlPcS2a ; 1 mg/kg i.p.) followed by light irradiation (wavelength = 670 nm; light dose = 2.5 J) 48 hours later. Light irradiation was performed through the skull. Prior to light irradiation, iron oxide-loaded Ma were administered to each animal. Animals in all groups were imaged in a 7 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance (MR) imager to determine the extent of PDT-induced edema and to evaluate for the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles. Animals were sacrificed 7 days post-Ma administration and their brains analyzed for the presence of iron oxide using Perls staining.ResultsSignificant uptake of iron oxide nanoparticles by rat alveolar Ma was observed thus providing the rationale for their use as delivery vectors. Histopathological analyses failed to find evidence of iron oxide in normal rat brain. Accumulations of iron oxide-loaded Ma were observed in both MR images and histological sections of non-tumor bearing rat brain following PDT-induced disruption of the BBB.ConclusionsMR imaging was shown to be useful for localizing iron-oxide loaded Ma in rat brains. Exogenous Ma are incapable of traversing the normal BBB and therefore, the use of Ma as delivery vehicles into the brain requires selective disruption of the BBB.

Mechanisms of invasion in glioblastoma (GBM) relate to differential expression of proteins conferring increased motility and penetration of the extracellular matrix. CD97 is a member of the epidermal growth factor seven-span transmembrane family of adhesion G-protein coupled receptors. These proteins facilitate mobility of leukocytes into tissue. In this study we show that CD97 is expressed in glioma, has functional effects on invasion, and is associated with poor overall survival. Glioma cell lines and low passage primary cultures were analyzed. Functional significance was assessed by transient knockdown using siRNA targeting CD97 or a non-target control sequence. Invasion was assessed 48 hours after siRNA-mediated knockdown using a Matrigel-coated invasion chamber. Migration was quantified using a scratch assay over 12 hours. Proliferation was measured 24 and 48 hours after confirmed protein knockdown. GBM cell lines and primary cultures were found to express CD97. Knockdown of CD97 decreased invasion and migration in GBM cell lines, with no difference in proliferation. Gene-expression based Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas, demonstrating an inverse relationship between CD97 expression and survival. GBMs expressing high levels of CD97 were associated with decreased survival compared to those with low CD97 (p = 0.007). CD97 promotes invasion and migration in GBM, but has no effect on tumor proliferation. This phenotype may explain the discrepancy in survival between high and low CD97-expressing tumors. This data provides impetus for further studies to determine its viability as a therapeutic target in the treatment of GBM.

Aging reduces the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can differentiate into osteoblasts in the bone marrow, which leads to impairment of osteogenesis. However, if MSCs could be directed toward osteogenic differentiation, they could be a viable therapeutic option for bone regeneration. We have developed a method to direct MSCs to the bone surface by attaching a synthetic high-affinity and specific peptidomimetic ligand (LLP2A) against integrin α4β1 on the MSC surface to a bisphosphonate (alendronate, Ale) that has a high affinity for bone. LLP2A-Ale induced MSC migration and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. A single intravenous injection of LLP2A-Ale increased trabecular bone formation and bone mass in both xenotransplantation studies and in immunocompetent mice. Additionally, LLP2A-Ale prevented trabecular bone loss after peak bone acquisition was achieved or as a result of estrogen deficiency. These results provide proof of principle that LLP2A-Ale can direct MSCs to the bone to form new bone and increase bone strength.

Cell migration is the process by which cells move through tissues, and it is crucial to carry out a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The study methods to evaluate cell migration are very useful tools for biomedical research. Among these methods, the wound and healing assay is one of the simplest, most economical and is widely used in research. However, one of its disadvantages is that the width and shape of the wound can vary among experimental samples since the scraping is carried out manually, representing a difficult variable to control. In the present article a variant of the razor scrape assay is addressed, which eliminates this variation in the width of the wound, thus facilitating the measurement and comparison using the total area of cell migration. • A method that can be carried out under standard culture conditions. • Avoids the disadvantage of variation in width and shape of the wound. • It constitutes a simple, cheap option and multiple advantages over the traditional method.

Background & Objective: Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, it accounts for about 90% of cancer deaths. Cancer treatment has improved significantly, due to early detection and inhibition of cancer growth. The ability to invade and migrate is important in malignant tumor cells. The study of cell migration is valuable in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, drug development and treatment. New methods are available to investigate the invasion, migration and the activity of enzymes involved in the invasion process in the laboratory. The effectiveness and efficacy of various anti-cancer drugs and compounds can be studied using these methods in laboratory and animal models. Conclusion: In this paper, we offer a summary of in-vitro migration assays, including the transwell migration assay, scratch wound assay, microfluidic chamber assay, exclusion zone assay, fence assay, micro carrier bead assay, spheroid migration assay and in-vivo approach, Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. This review also provides an overview of methods, In situ Zymography, ELISA, and FRET based measurement of MMP activity and Substrate Zymography for measuring the level of metalloproteinase enzyme as the major enzyme in the degradation of extracellular matrix.

Background: Re-epithelialization has an important role in skin wound healing. Delays in re-epithelialization are more likely to create the chronic wound. Impaired wound healing leads to a large burden of morbidity and mortality. Current treatments based on the use of autografts, allografts and xenografts, suffer from limitations such as, quantity of donor skin available, donor-site infection, potential risk of disease transmission and rejection of the graft. Given this problems, nanomaterial such as copper nanoparticles has attracted considerable research interest because of their high surface area to volume ratio, high stability, clinical safety, and antibacterial effects. Epithelialization involves keratinocyte migration and proliferation to the wound site. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of copper nanoparticles on keratinocyte cell migration and proliferation. Methods: This experimental study was performed in Royan Institute, Tehran in 2016. In this study we investigated the effect of copper nanoparticles on viability, migration and proliferation of keratinocyte cells. Cultured human foreskin Keratinocyte cells were exposed to various concentration (1, 10 and 100 µmol) and sizes (40 and 80 nm) of copper nanoparticles for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The copper nanoparticles toxicity was examined by MTS assay. Cell migration has also been investigated with the Scratch assay. Results: The results showed that the 1, 10 and 100 µmol concentrations of 40 and 80 nm copper nanoparticles were not toxic for cultured human foreskin keratinocyte cells after 24h. It was also found keratinocyte cell proliferation was increased by 1 µmol concentration of 80 nm copper nanoparticles after 72h. The results of the Scratch assay showed that the 1 µmol concentration of 80 nm copper nanoparticles significantly (P

Introduction: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is emerging as an effective strategy for the management of wound healing. The application of red and near infra-red light sources in laser therapy has been the subject of most researches in recent literature. Considering the lack of sufficient evidence in assessing the blue light in PBM, we aimed to investigate the photobiomodulation effect of a blue diode laser on the proliferation and migration of cultured human gingival fibroblast cells as a preliminary in vitro study. Methods: Human gingival fibroblast cells were irradiated with a blue diode laser at a 445 nm wavelength. Irradiation was done using three different powers of 200 mW (irradiation times of 5, 10,15, and 20 seconds); 300 mW (irradiation times of 5, 10, and 15 seconds); and 400 mW (irradiation times of 5 and 10 seconds). The fibroblast cells without laser exposure were considered as control. After 24 hours of incubation, the MTT assay and the wound scratch test were performed on the cells to investigate the biomodulation effect of the blue laser on the proliferation and migration of the cells respectively. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey test with a P value <0.05 as a statistical significance level. Results: PBM with blue diode laser at power densities of 400 mW/cm2 with irradiation times of 10 and 15 seconds corresponding to energy densities of 4 and 6 J/cm2 exerted the statistically significant positive effect on both proliferation and migration of gingival fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Considering the encouraging findings of this study, PBM with blue diode laser can promote proliferation and migration of human gingival fibroblasts, the key cells involved in the process of oral wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relationship between the expression of plectin and the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which plectin expression affects the migration of HCC cells., Methods: First of all, Western blot was performed to determine the expression of plectin in normal hepatocytes and HCC cells. Secondly, a plectin-downregulated HCC cell strain was established and the control group (shNC group) and shPLEC group were set up. Each group was divided into a vehicle control group (shNC+DMSO group or sh PLEC +DMSO group) and a F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization inducer Jasplakinolide group (shNC+Jasp group or sh PLEC +Jasp group). Western blot was performed to determine the expression of plectin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, including N-cadherin, vimentin, and E-cadherin. HCC cell migration was evaluated by Transwell assay. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) was used to analyze the signaling pathways related to plectin gene. The polymerization of F-actin was analyzed by immunofluorescence assay., Results: Compared with the normal hepatocytes, HCC cells showed high expression of plectin. Compared with those in the shNC group, the expression of plectin in the sh PLEC group was decreased ( P <0.05), the migration ability of HCC cells was weakened ( P <0.05), and the EMT process was inhibited (with the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin being decreased and the expression of E-cadherin being increased) ( P <0.05). KEGG analysis showed that the regulation of cytoskeletal F-actin was most closely associated with plectin and cytoskeletal F-actin depolymerized in the sh PLEC group. After treatment with Jasplakinolide, an inducer of F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization, the migration ability of HCC cells in the sh PLEC +Jasp group was enhanced compared with that of sh PLEC +DMSO group ( P <0.05) and the EMT process was restored (with the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin being increased and the expression of E-cadherin being decreased) ( P <0.05). In addition, the polymerization of cytoskeletal F-actin in HCC cells was also restored., Conclusion: Plectin is highly expressed in HCC cells. Plectin promotes the migration and the EMT of HCC cells through inducing F-actin polymerization., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Continuum mathematical models for collective cell motion normally involve reaction–diffusion equations, such as the Fisher–KPP equation, with a linear diffusion term to describe cell motility and a logistic term to describe cell proliferation. While the Fisher–KPP equation and its generalisations are commonplace, a significant drawback for this family of models is that they are not able to capture the moving fronts that arise in cell invasion applications such as wound healing and tumour growth. An alternative, less common, approach is to include nonlinear degenerate diffusion in the models, such as in the Porous–Fisher equation, since solutions to the corresponding equations have compact support and therefore explicitly allow for moving fronts. We consider here a hole-closing problem for the Porous–Fisherequation whereby there is initially a simply connected region (the hole) with a nonzero population outside of the hole and a zero population inside. We outline how self-similar solutions (of the second kind) describe both circular and non-circular fronts in the hole-closing limit. Further, we present new experimental and theoretical evidence to support the use of nonlinear degenerate diffusion in models for collective cell motion. Our methodology involves setting up a two-dimensional wound healing assay that has the geometry of a hole-closing problem, with cells initially seeded outside of a hole that closes as cells migrate and proliferate. For a particular class of fibroblast cells, the aspect ratio of an initially rectangular wound increases in time, so the wound becomes longer and thinner as it closes; our theoretical analysis shows that this behaviour is consistent with nonlinear degenerate diffusion but is not able to be captured with commonly used linear diffusion. This work is important because it provides a clear test for degenerate diffusion over linear diffusion in cell lines, whereas standard one-dimensional experiments are unfortunately not capable of distinguishing between the two approaches. • The Porous–Fisher equation has a degenerate diffusion term and a logistic growth term. • It allows for solutions with compact support and therefore can capture moving fronts. • Self-similar solutions of the second kind describe circular hole-closing. • Numerical hole-closing solutions compare with new experimental wound healing assays. • We provide a clear test for degenerate diffusion over linear diffusion for cell migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

microRNA (miRNA/miR)-30a, a tumor-associated miRNA, has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of different types of human cancer. Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy, of which papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for ~80–90% of all TC. However, the effect of miR-30a in PTC is yet to be fully elucidated. The TPC-1 human PTC cell line, as well as the normal human thyroid cell line (HT-ori3), were utilized in the current study. The PTC cell line was transfected with a miR-30a mimic. Subsequently, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of miR-30a and E2F transcription factor 7 (E2F7). Cell proliferation was assessed via a MTT assay and transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to detect the migration and invasion of PTC cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was also utilized to clarify the association between miR-30a and E2F7. The results of the current study revealed that miR-30a was significantly downregulated in TPC-1 cells compared with HT-ori3 cells and that the expression of E2F7 was significantly upregulated in PTC cells. The upregulation of miR-30a also inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cells. Furthermore, the luciferase assay revealed that miR-30a binds to the 3′-UTR of E2F7. Additionally, the overexpression of miR-30a decreased E2F7 levels in TPC-1 cells. These results indicate that miR-30a functions as a tumor suppressor in PTC by direct targeting E2F7 and that miR-30a may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background & Objective: Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, it accounts for about 90% of cancer deaths. Cancer treatment has improved significantly, due to early detection and inhibition of cancer growth. The ability to invade and migrate is important in malignant tumor cells. The study of cell migration is valuable in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, drug development and treatment. New methods are available to investigate the invasion, migration and the activity of enzymes involved in the invasion process in the laboratory. The effectiveness and efficacy of various anti-cancer drugs and compounds can be studied using these methods in laboratory and animal models. Conclusion: In this paper, we offer a summary of in-vitro migration assays, including the transwell migration assay, scratch wound assay, microfluidic chamber assay, exclusion zone assay, fence assay, micro carrier bead assay, spheroid migration assay and in-vivo approach, Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. This review also provides an overview of methods, In situ Zymography, ELISA, and FRET based measurement of MMP activity and Substrate Zymography for measuring the level of metalloproteinase enzyme as the major enzyme in the degradation of extracellular matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Re-epithelialization has an important role in skin wound healing. Delays in re-epithelialization are more likely to create the chronic wound. Impaired wound healing leads to a large burden of morbidity and mortality. Current treatments based on the use of autografts, allografts and xenografts, suffer from limitations such as, quantity of donor skin available, donor-site infection, potential risk of disease transmission and rejection of the graft. Given this problems, nanomaterial such as copper nanoparticles has attracted considerable research interest because of their high surface area to volume ratio, high stability, clinical safety, and antibacterial effects. Epithelialization involves keratinocyte migration and proliferation to the wound site. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of copper nanoparticles on keratinocyte cell migration and proliferation. Methods: This experimental study was performed in Royan Institute, Tehran in 2016. In this study we investigated the effect of copper nanoparticles on viability, migration and proliferation of keratinocyte cells. Cultured human foreskin Keratinocyte cells were exposed to various concentration (1, 10 and 100 μmol) and sizes (40 and 80 nm) of copper nanoparticles for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The copper nanoparticles toxicity was examined by MTS assay. Cell migration has also been investigated with the Scratch assay. Results: The results showed that the 1, 10 and 100 μmol concentrations of 40 and 80 nm copper nanoparticles were not toxic for cultured human foreskin keratinocyte cells after 24h. It was also found keratinocyte cell proliferation was increased by 1 μmol concentration of 80 nm copper nanoparticles after 72h. The results of the Scratch assay showed that the 1 μmol concentration of 80 nm copper nanoparticles significantly (P<0.05) increased keratinocyte cell migration compared to deionized water as of control group after 24h. Conclusion: It seems the 1 μmol concentration of 80 nm copper nanoparticle could stimulate keratinocyte cell migration and proliferation. However, in vivo studies conducted on animal model wound healing subjects are needed for determining reepithelialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Berberine as the main alkaloid of herbal Coptis chinensis has many pharmacological effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects and mechanism of berberine on the in vitro migration of BMSCs. METHODS: Rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured by a whole bone marrow assay, and prepared into 1.5×109/L. Berberine was dissolved by dimethyl sulfoxide, and diluted by α-MEM containing 1 % fetal bovine serum into the concentrations of 1, 3, 10 μmol/L. Cell migration was assessed using a Transwell chamber and cell scratch assay. Western blot assay was used to test the regulatory effect of berberine on p-AKT pathway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Berberine had no effect on the cell viability of BMSCs. Berberine at 10 μmol/L significantly promoted the migration of BMSCs. The cell scratch assay shared consistent findings with the Transwell assay. Addition of berberine up-regulated the p-AKT expression in BMSCs, while LY294002, the inhibition of p-AKT, could effectively reverse the pro-migration effects of berberine. Overall, berberine can promote the migration of BMSCs via the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of cartilage damage has become a hot spot of research. Further studies on the distribution of MSCs in the body after injection and on the underlying mechanism of action are needed. OBJECTIVE: To observe the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) after injection into the region of osteochondral defect. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups (n=15 per group). In the control group, the femoral tochlear was exposed but an osteochondral defect was not made; and after the suture, PKH26-labeled BMSCs were directly injected into the articular cavity of rats. In the experimental group, a cartilage defect of 1 mm in diameter and 1 mm in depth was made in the rat femoral trochlea, and 5×106 PKH26-labeled BMSCs were injected into the defect after operation. At 1, 3 and 7 days after injection, the femoral condyle was taken to make frozen sections followed by DAPI staining. The distribution of BMSCs was observed under laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the control group, PKH26-labeled BMSCs were not transferred to the subchondral bone. In the experimental group, BMSCs were detected in the subchondral bone area at 1, 3 days after injection of PKH26-BMSCs in the bone cartilage defect area, and the BMSCs were also found in the bone marrow cavity at 7 days after injection. In conclusion, BMSCs in the articular cavity cannot migrate into the subchondral bone and bone marrow cavity unless the cartilage of the femoral condyle is damaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: miR-15b plays an important role in the initiation and development of tumors, based on which, we speculate that miR-15b may be involved in the migration and invasion of glioma stem cells (GSCs). However, there is no relevant report and the mechanism of action is also unclear. OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of miR-15b on the migration and invasion of GSCs and the mechanisms involved in this process. METHODS: Quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of miR-15b in the gliomas tissues, normal brain tissues, GSCs and non-GSCs. After knockdown of ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) by ABCG2 specific siRNA, Transwell assay was performed to determine the effect of ABCG2 on GSCs migration and invasion. Additionally, the GSCs were transfected with miR-15b mimics or inhibitor to up-regulate or down-regulate the expression of miR-15b. At 48 hours after transfection, Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of miR-15b on GSCs migration and invasion; ELISA and gelatin zymography assays were performed to determine the matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9) expression and activity after treatment with miR-15b. CD133-positive or non-CD133-positive cells were directly injected subcutaneously into nude mice. Tumor formation was observed within 30 days after injection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: miR-15b was significantly down-regulated in gliomas tissues compared with normal brain tissues, which was negatively correlated with the stage of gliomas. In addition, miR-15b was significantly down-regulated in GSCs compared with non-GSCs. Up-regulation of miR-15b significantly reduced the migration and invasion ability of GSCs (P < 0.01), and down-regulation of miR-15b significantly enhanced the cell migration and invasion of GSCs (P < 0.01). By target prediction analysis, we obtained that ABCG2 was a potential target gene of miR-15b. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-15b targeted ABCG2 directly, and migration and invasion of GSCs were dramatically reduced by ABCG2 siRNA (P < 0.01). ELISA results showed that up-regulation miR-15b significantly inhibited MMP-2/-9 expression. ELISA and gelatin zymography assay results showed that ABCG2 siRNA did not affect MMP-2/-9 expression, but significantly inhibited the activity of MMP-2/-9. In the in vivo tumor model, GSCs were more tumorigenic as compared with non-GSCs from the same tumor in vivo. To conclude, miR-15b regulates the migration and invasion of GSCs by targeting the ABCG2 signaling pathway, and up-regulation of miR-15b can suppress the migration and invasion of GSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it has been proved that centrifugal conditions for pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) preparation influence the cellular composition of P-PRP obtained, the optimal centrifugal conditions to prepare P-PRP have not yet been identified. In the present study, platelet-containing plasma (PCP) was prepared with the first-spin of different double-spin methods and P-PRP was prepared with different double-spin methods. Whole-blood analysis was performed to evaluate the cellular composition of PCP and P-PRP. The basal and ADP-induced CD62P expression rates of platelets were assessed by flow cytometry to evaluate the function of platelets in PCP and P-PRP. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay was performed to quantify interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, platelet-derived growth factor AB and transforming growth factor β1 concentrations of PCP and P-PRP. Correlations between the cellular characteristics and cytokine concentrations of P-PRP were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Effects of P-PRP on the proliferation, survival and migration of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and human articular chondrocytes were evaluated by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, live/dead staining and Transwell assay, respectively. The results showed that centrifugation at 160 x g for 10 min and 250 x g for 15 min successively captured and concentrated platelets and growth factors significantly more efficiently with preservation of platelet function compared with other conditions (P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the similar leukocyte concentrations and leukocyte-reducing efficiencies resulted in similar pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in P-PRP (P>0.05) and the maximization of platelet concentration, platelet enrichment factor, platelet capture efficiency and platelet function resulted in the maximization of growth factor concentrations in P-PRP obtained using the optimal conditions (P<0.05). Compared with P-PRP obtained under other conditions, P-PRP obtained under the optimal conditions significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of cells (P<0.05) and did not alter cell survival (P>0.05). Therefore, centrifugation at 160 x g for 10 min and 250 x g for 15 min successively with removal of the buffy coat as a crucial step may provide an optimal preparation system of P-PRP for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enhanced availability of functional fibroblasts from precious tissue samples requires an ideal cell-culture system. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the performance of caprine adult fibroblast cells (cadFibroblast) when cultivated in different culture media. The cadFibroblast cell lines from adult Barbari (Capra hircus) bucks were established and the effect of different media viz. DMEM/F-12 [with low-glucose (5.5 mM; DL) and high-glucose (30 mM; DH)], α-MEM [with low-glucose (5.5 mM; ML) and with high-glucose (30 mM; MH)], and fibroblast growth medium (FGM) were evaluated. Cells were then compared for growth characteristics and in-vitro dynamics through cellular morphology, proliferation, population-doubling time, double-immunocytochemistry, colony-forming units, wound healing, transwell migration, and differential expression of fibroblast-specific markers (FSP-1 and vimentin). The results of immunocytochemistry, transwell migration/invasion, and wound healing assays showed the superiority of DH over DL and other media tested. Whereas, similar effects of glucose supplementation and expression of FSP-1 were not observed in α-MEM. Transwell migration was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in FGM compared with other media tested. Overall, our results illustrate the media-dependent deviation in in-vitro dynamics and culture characteristics of cadFibroblasts that may be useful to develop strategies to cultivate these cells efficiently for research and downstream applications., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Cancer is a cellular-based disease, so cytological diagnosis is one of the main challenges for its early detection. An extensive number of diagnostic methods have been developed to separate cancerous cells from normal ones, in electrical methods attract progressive attention. Identifying and specifying different cells requires understanding their dielectric and electric properties. This study evaluated MDA-MB-231, HUVEC, and MCF-10A cell lines, WBCs isolated from blood, and patient-derived cell samples with a cylindrical body with two transparent FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) plate electrodes. Cell mobility rates were recorded in response to these stimuli. It was observed that cancer cells demonstrate drastic changes in their motility in the presence and absence of an electric field (DC/AC). Also, solution viscosity's effect on cancer cells' capturing efficacy was evaluated. This research's main distinguished specification uses a non-microfluidic platform to detect and pathologically evaluate cytological samples with a simple, cheap, and repeatable platform. The capturing procedure was carried out on a cytological slide without any complicated electrode patterning with the ability of cytological staining. Moreover, this platform successfully designed and experimented with the invasion assay (the ability of captured cancer cells to invade normal cells)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background and objective Deoxyribozyme has high biocatalytic activity and sequence specificity against the target mRNA and inhibits gene expression at mRNA level. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of targeting MMP-9 deoxyribozyme to cell adhesion and migration in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods The targeting MMP-9 deoxyribozyme was designed by oligofectamine into human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.The expression of MMP-9 in cell was detected by Western blot. The cell adhesion and migration after the intervention of deoxyribozyme was observed. Results After targeting MMP-9 deoxyribozyme intervention, the expression of MMP-9 inthe cells compared with the control group was significantly lower (P

Objective: To investigate the effect of PM2.5 on the survival rate, the migration ability and the invasion ability of human chorionic trophoblast cell line, HTR8-SVneo, and to explore the possible mechanism of the adverse pregnancy outcome induced by PM2.5. Methods：The in vitro cultured HTR8 -SVneo cells were treated with PM2.5. The cell proliferation was analysed by CCK8. Five concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 120 and 200 μg/mL were selected. The cell migration was detected by Laser holographic cell analysis and imaging system, while the cell invasion by the Transwell experiment. The mRNA and protein expressions of MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 were measured by qPCR and Western Blot, while the activities of MMP2 and MMP9 by a gelatin zymography. Results：The proliferation of HTR8-SVneo cells was significantly inhibited by PM2.5 treatment (P＜ 0.05), while the migration distance and the number of cells penetrating the membrane were decreased (P＜0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 were significantly increased in PM2.5 exposed groups (P＜0.05), and the increased degree of MMPs was lower than TIMPs. The activities of MMP9 in all PM2.5 treatment groups were significantly increased when compared with the control group (P ＜0.05). Conclusions：PM2.5 can induce the cellular damage of HTR8-SVneo cells, while PM2.5 can decrease the cell migration and invasion by inducing the imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs. These pathophysiological changes are related with the adverse pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression of transcriptional factor YY1 in lung cancer tissues and discuss its function in cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Methods The mRNA expression of YY1 was determined by realtime quantitative PCR in 235 samples of lung cancer tissues and 62 samples of adjacent tumor tissues, and its relationship with clinical pathological characteristics was analyzed. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were transfected with YY1 over-expression vector and negative control vector using Lipofectamine 3000. The proliferation of cells was measured by MTT in control group and YY1 over-expression group after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of transfection in A549 and H1299 cells. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of YY1 over-expression on the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. Results Compared to normal adjacent tissues (5.80±0.58), the expression of YY1 mRNA was significantly lower in lung cancer tissues (5.07±0.58, P < 0.01)． There were significant differences in the expression levels of YY1 mRNA between gender, smoking status, histology subtypes or clinical stages (P＜ 0.05). Furthermore, compared to control group, the over-expression of YY1 was found to suppress the proliferation for 48 h and 72 h in H1299 cells (P < 0.01), and A549 cell for 72 h (P < 0.05). Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay showed that the over-expression of YY1 inhibited migratory and invasive capability of lung cancer cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression level of YY1 mRNA is lower in lung cancer tissue, and YY1 suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells derived from human umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) uniquely combine properties of embryonic and postnatal MSCs and may be the most acceptable, safe, and effective source for allogeneic cell therapy e.g. for therapeutic angiogenesis. In this report we describe pro-angiogenic properties of UC-MSCs as manifested in vitro. Methods: UC-MSCs were isolated from human Wharton's jelly by enzymatic digestion. Presence of soluble forms of VEGF-A in UC-MSC-conditioned media was measured by ELISA. Effects of the conditioned media on human umbilical vein-derived endothelial EA.hy926 cells proliferation were measured by MTT-assay; changes in cell motility and directed migration were assessed by scratch wound healing and transwell chamber migration assays. Angiogenesis was modeled in vitro as tube formation on basement membrane matrix. Progressive differentiation of MSCs to endothelioid progeny was assessed by CD31 immunostaining. Results: Although no detectable quantities of soluble VEGF-A were produced by UC-MSCs, the culture medium, conditioned by the UC-MSCs, effectively stimulated proliferation, motility, and directed migration of EA.hy926 cells. In 2D culture, UC-MSCs were able to acquire CD31+ endothelial cell-like phenotype when stimulated by EA.hy926-conditioned media supplemented with VEGF-A165. UC-MSCs were capable of forming unstable 2D tubular networks either by themselves or in combinations with EA.hy926 cells. Active spontaneous sprouting from cell clusters, resulting from disassembling of such networks, was observed only in the mixed cultures, not in pure UC-MSC cultures. In 3D mode of sprouting experimentation, structural support of newly formed capillary-like structures was provided by UC-MSCs that acquired the CD31+ phenotype in the absence of exogenous VEGF-A. Conclusion: These data suggest that a VEGF-A-independent paracrine mechanism and at least partially VEGF-A-independent differentiation mechanism are involved in the pro-angiogenic activity of UC-MSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant human interleukin 11(rhIL-11) on proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells, and the mechanism thereof. Methods Final concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 μg/L rhIL- 11 were added into pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT. The wound-healing, transwell migration assay were used to validate the capability of the migration and invasion of A549 cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions were revealed by Western blot assay. Results The proliferation of A549 cells was not significantly changed by rhIL-11. The cell capability to migrate and invade was significantly increased 24 h after treatment with rhIL-11 (P < 0.05). The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly un-regulated, and which were increased with the increased concentrations of rhIL-11 (P < 0.05). Conclusion rhIL-11 can promote the migration and invasion of A549 cells, and the up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression might be one of the mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]