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We introduce a novel stakeholder-oriented framework that highlights variance in the application and expression of gender bias in the upper echelons. Directed by their relationship with the firm's leadership, we theorize that stakeholders' appraisals of top female leaders map onto a categorical and complex continuum. At the "categorical" end of this continuum, stakeholders neither have access nor are attentive to capability cues from the leader, increasing their reliance on stereotypes and gender biases in their leader evaluations. At the "complex" end of the continuum, stakeholders have access and are attentive to capability cues from the leader, decreasing their reliance on stereotypes and increasing their ability to accurately evaluate the leader. Between these ends, stakeholders evaluate female leaders by applying stereotypes and striving for accuracy to varying degrees. Each region on this continuum is linked to an array of behavioral responses, directed by stakeholders toward a target leader, that differ in valence and intensity. Our framework has significant implications for understanding a variety of social biases beyond gender, and enables the development of tailored strategies that can be used to facilitate accurate leader evaluations by all stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Varoglutamstat is a first-in-class, small molecule being investigated as a treatment for early Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is an inhibitor of glutaminyl cyclase (QC), the enzyme that post-translationally modifies amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides into a toxic form of pyroglutamate Aβ (pGlu-Aβ) and iso-QC which post-translationally modifies cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) into neuroinflammatory pGlu-CCL2. Early phase clinical trials identified dose margins for safety and tolerability of varoglutamstat and biomarker data supporting its potential for clinical efficacy in early AD. Objective: Present the scientific rationale of varoglutamstat in the treatment of early AD and the methodology of the VIVA-MIND (NCT03919162) trial, which uses a seamless phase 2A-2B design. Our review also includes other pharmacologic approaches to pGlu-Aβ. Methods: Phase 2A of the VIVA-MIND trial will determine the highest dose of varoglutamstat that is safe and well tolerated with sufficient plasma exposure and a calculated target occupancy. Continuous safety evaluation using a pre-defined safety stopping boundary will help determine the highest tolerated dose that will carry forward into phase 2B. An interim futility analysis of cognitive function and electroencephalogram changes will be conducted to inform the decision of whether to proceed with phase 2B. Phase 2B will assess the efficacy and longer-term safety of the optimal selected phase 2A dose through 72 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: Varoglutamstat provides a unique dual mechanism of action addressing multiple pathogenic contributors to the disease cascade. VIVA-MIND provides a novel and efficient trial design to establish its optimal dosing, safety, tolerability, and efficacy in early AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the innovative use of Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps to evaluate and compare five teaching approaches aimed at improving numerical and research skills among accounting students. This methodology, which integrates elements of neutrosophic theory, allows us to capture the inherent uncertainty and ambiguities in the perception and evaluation of educational options. Through a detailed and systematic analysis, the strengths and limitations of each approach are examined, highlighting how Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps offer a robust conceptual structure for discerning between the subtle complexities that affect effective learning. The results reveal profound elements about how different teaching strategies can influence the acquisition of key competencies in accounting. From the integration of advanced technologies to more traditional methods focused on conceptual development, each approach is evaluated not only for its surface effectiveness, but also for its ability to adapt to the cognitive and emotional diversity of students. This multidimensional approach underscores the importance of considering not only quantitative results, but also the underlying processes and subjective perceptions that shape the educational experience, offering a comprehensive framework for continually improving teaching in de-manding and dynamic academic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized many areas, including education, by improving teaching methods and addressing challenges such as equity of access, data privacy, quality of algorithms, and adaptation of traditional education systems. This paper aims to analyze and understand the challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence in Latin American education today. For the proposed evaluation we use the criteria of five experts on the subject. Specifically, we use Neutrosophic SWOT and static analysis of Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps techniques. The use of tools in the field of Neutrosophy allows us to incorporate indeterminacy into the calculations carried out, which allows greater accuracy in the results. Indeterminacy is an intrinsic component of decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of pilot training is to equip trainees with the knowledge, judgment, and skills to maintain control of an aircraft and respond to critical flight tasks. The present research aims to investigate changes in trainees' cognitive control levels during a pilot training process while they underwent basic flight maneuvers. EEG microstate analysis was applied together with spectral power features to quantitatively monitor trainees' cognitive control under varied flight tasks during different training sessions on a flight simulator. Not only could EEG data provide an objective measure of cognitive control to complement the current subjective assessments, but the application of EEG microstate analysis is particularly well-suited for capturing rapid dynamic changes in cognitive states that may happen under complex human activities in conducting flight maneuvers. Comparisons were conducted between two types of tasks and across different training stages to monitor how pilot trainees' cognitive control responds to varied flight task types and training stages. The present research provides insights into the changes in trainees' cognitive control during a pilot training process and highlights the potential of EEG microstate analysis for monitoring cognitive control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-Confrontation Micro-Phenomenological Interviews (SCMPIs) aim to capture the fine-grained details of an athlete's experience, focusing on pre-reflective consciousness without resorting to post-hoc rationalizations. This specific type of self-confrontation interview was developed in the domain of work analysis in cognitive ergonomics. Despite its integration into numerous research studies in sport performance and training practices, the direct effects of the SCMPI on athletes remain underexplored. In this perspective article, we provide a brief overview of the theoretical foundations of SCMPI as well as a description of the paradox of the SCMPI situation. Throughout this paper, we highlight the unsolved questions around use of SCMPIs to improve athletes' performance by enhancing reflective thinking as well as pre-reflective awareness. Furthermore, we discuss the epistemological and practical considerations regarding the selection and use of activity traces in SCMPIs. The paper calls for further research to evaluate the SCMPI's impact on performance in elite athletes, emphasizing the need for a rational application of this method in both research and practical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In a secondary analysis of data taken from a publicly available database, we examined cognitive performance, postural sway, and relations between them for 4 groups: younger and older individuals with versus without a recent history of falls. Our objective was to compare linear versus nonlinear measures of postural activity as post hoc predictors of cognitive performance and falling. Methods We evaluated standing body sway in 147 participants (18–85-years old) over 60 seconds, separately with eyes-open and with eyes-closed. We evaluated cognitive performance using portions of the Trail Making Test. We evaluated postural activity in terms of standard deviation, velocity, and amplitude of the Center of Pressure (CoP). Separately, we used detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to examine the complexity of CoP displacements. Using analysis of variance, we conducted separate analyses of cognitive performance and postural activity comparing Younger and Older Adults and Non-fallers and Fallers, taking into account Vision (eyes-closed vs open) and the direction of postural movements (Anteroposterior vs Mediolateral) while also controlling for participants' characteristics. We used moderation analyses to evaluate whether relationships between Trail Making Test scores and the linear and nonlinear outcomes were moderated by Age group or Fall status. Results For postural activity, only DFA differed between Non-fallers and Fallers. Older adults exhibited increased complexity associated with better processing speed function, while fallers show an opposite association, relying on processing speed to increase postural rigidity instead of facilitating adaptive control of balance. Conclusions We conclude that DFA can provide information regarding postural activity and cognitive performance that cannot be obtained from more traditional, linear measures of postural activity and that DFA may be a valuable tool for assessing fall risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) often co-occur and may impact specific cognitive domains. This study's goal was to determine effects of CVD and AD burden on cross-sectional and longitudinal executive function (EF) and memory in older adults. Longitudinally followed participants from the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center database (n = 3342) were included. Cognitive outcomes were EF and memory composite scores. Baseline CVD presence was defined by moderate-to-severe white matter hyperintensities or lacunar infarct on MRI. Baseline AD pathology was defined by amyloid positivity via PET or CSF. Linear mixed models examined effects of CVD, AD, and time on cognitive outcomes, controlling for sex, education, baseline age, MoCA score, and total number of study visits. At baseline, CVD associated with lower EF (p < 0.001), while AD associated with lower EF and memory (ps < 0.001). Longitudinally only AD associated with faster declines in memory and EF (ps < 0.001). These results extend our understanding of CVD and AD pathology, highlighting that CVD does not necessarily indicate accelerated decline. • CVD and AD did not synergistically predict cognitive declines in specific domains. • CVD associated with lower baseline executive functioning, not longitudinal decline. • AD associated with lower executive function and memory at baseline and over time. • Findings extend our understanding of CVD and AD effects on cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundAimsMethods & proceduresOutcomes & resultsConclusionsTense production is often impaired in people with aphasia (PWA). Interestingly, the literature suggests that not all tenses are affected in the same way, although the pattern of dissociation is still debated in the literature. The heterogeneity of tense production deficits in PWA might partly explain this lack of consensus in the literature. While this heterogeneity has been demonstrated by descriptive statistics or double dissociations in several studies, no study has used cluster analyses to highlight the main patterns of tense dissociation. Furthermore, the factors underlying this heterogeneity have been little explored.Our study aimed to use cluster analyses on tense production performance to (1) identify the main patterns of dissociation between tenses in PWA and (2) explore the clinical (aphasia type and severity) and cognitive (executive disorders and temporality) factors that may underlie these patterns.Twenty-one French-speaking participants with fluent and non-fluent aphasia completed a verb inflection production task, as well as language and cognitive tests. Cluster analyses were performed on the differences in performance between the tenses on the verb inflection production task. Generalized linear mixed models and nonparametric statistics were used to analyze the effect of tense and its interaction with the clusters, and to compare the clusters on the clinical and cognitive variables.Cluster analyses revealed two main clusters, one with worse performances in the past and future than in the present (PWA_1 – 70% of the PWA), and the other with worse performances in the past and present than in the future (PWA_2 – 30%). The type and severity of aphasia, and cognitive test performance did not differ between the two clusters. On the other hand, the PWA_2 cluster had a longer time post-onset than the PWA_1 cluster.Our results confirm the heterogeneity of verb inflection deficits in PWA. They suggest that most PWA would have difficulties with past and future tenses, questioning the presence of discourse linking in these two tenses. However, a minority of PWA, who are clinically and cognitively indistinguishable from the others, do not follow this pattern. Adopting the strategy of producing a morphologically simple tense in French – future – could explain the high performance in the future tense and the errors in substituting other tenses with the future in this subgroup. Finally, the clinical and research implications of this heterogeneity, in relation to therapies and the lack of consensus in the literature, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions This study aims to explore the association between declining lung function and depression in middle‐aged and older adults, with a special focus on the mediating role of cognitive function.This study utilizes self‐reported and physical examination data from 5345 individuals participating in the 2015 cycle of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to explore the role of cognitive function changes in mediating the effects of diminished lung function on depression among middle‐aged and older adults.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between pulmonary and cognitive functions (β = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.002∼0.003, P < 0.01) and a negative correlation between cognitive function and depression (β = −0.279, 95% CI: −0.330–0.228, P < 0.01). Cognitive function plays a mediating role in linking pulmonary function with depression, exhibiting a mediation effect of −0.0007 and a total effect of −0.0046, wherein the mediation effect contributes to 15.22% of the total effect. For females, the mediating effect of cognitive function was stronger (β = −0.0013, 95% CI: −0.0018∼–0.0008, P < 0.01) than it was for males (β = −0.0006, 95% CI: −0.0009∼–0.0003, P < 0.01).The study underscores the importance of monitoring lung and cognitive functions as interconnected factors contributing to the mental health of middle‐aged and older adults. It suggests that interventions aimed at improving pulmonary health and cognitive function may help mitigate depressive symptoms among middle‐aged and older adults. Further research is warranted to validate these findings across diverse cultural and demographic settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••–••. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the rising demand for medical services and the associated burden, work-related stress and mental health issue have garnered increased attention among healthcare workers. Anxiety, cognitive impairment, and their comorbidities severely impact the physical and mental health as well as the work status of healthcare workers. The network analysis method was used to identify the anxiety and cognitive impairment among mental healthcare workers using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Perceived Deficit Questionnaire for Depression (PDQ-D). We sought to identify the core symptoms associated with the comorbidity of anxiety and cognitive impairment in mental healthcare workers. Methods: The study was conducted by Shandong Daizhuang Hospital and Qingdao Mental Health Center in China from September 13, 2022, to October 25, 2022, involving a total of 680 healthcare workers as participants. GAD-7 and PDQ-D were utilized to assess anxiety and cognitive impairment, respectively. Regularized partial correlation network analysis was employed to examing the expected influence and predictability of each item within the network. Statistical analysis and visualization of the network were performed using R software. Results: The mean total score for anxiety was 3.25, while the mean total score for cognitive symptoms was 15.89. PDQ17 “Remembering numbers”, PDQ12 “Trouble get started” and PDQ20 “Trouble make decisions” emerged as central symptoms in the anxiety-cognition network. GAD6 “Irritable”, GAD5 “Restlessness” and GAD1 “Nervousness or anxiety” were identified as the most critical bridge symptoms connecting anxiety and cognition. Gender was found to be unrelated to the global strength of the network, edge weight distribution, or individual edge weights. Conclusion: Utilizing central and bridge symptoms (i.e., Remembering numbers, Trouble get started, Trouble make decisions, Irritable, Restlessness and Nervousness or anxiety) as primary intervention points may aid in mitigating the serious health consequences of anxiety, cognitive impairment, and comorbidities anxiety and cognitive impairment for mental healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Previous research has investigated the relationship between cognitive impairment, optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual fields (VF), and VF reliability in smaller patient samples using various cognitive assessment tools. This study analyzed the relationship between cognitive function scores using the Mini-Cog test and inner macular thickness (IMT) and VF sensitivity in glaucoma patients. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 984 patients with 1897 eyes. Assessments included age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP), and Mini-Cog test scores. Abnormal Mini-Cog scores were observed in 89 patients (9%). Using a mixed-effects model adjusted for background factors, the association between Mini-Cog scores and IMT, parafoveal (PF)-IMT, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation, fixation losses (FL), false negatives (FN), and false positives (FP) was analyzed. (3) Results: Abnormal Mini-Cog scores (≤2) were associated with thinning of the IMT and PF-IMT, worse MDs, and higher FN and FP rates but not with PSD or FL. (4) Conclusions: Glaucoma patients with low cognitive function scores exhibited more advanced glaucoma-related changes in VF testing and morphological tests. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the relationship between glaucoma and cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People living with cognitive impairments face new forms of disablement in the context of transport digitalisation, an issue recently catalysed by controversies regarding rail ticket office closures. Transport can dramatically impact the lives of people diagnosed with dementia, who often find their mobility suddenly and dramatically impaired. Unfortunately, sociological analysis of cognitive disability has traditionally been undermined by under‐theorisation. One solution can be found in classic bioethical work on hypercognitivism—the veneration of cognitive acuity—and its disabling consequences. A hypercognitive approach can nurture an attentiveness to the specificities of digital disablement. Here, disability does not emerge from digitalisation inherently, but is instead intensified by the implementation of digitalisation in line with value commitments. A more robust sociology of cognitive disability could better represent the interests of people with cognitive impairments and resist the new forms of disability that current digitalisation risks spreading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of English Teaching & Learning is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Semantic cognition should be considered first when translating. The cognitive process relates to how people determine the component semantics of words in either written or oral text. Simply put, the cognitive process brings semantic labels to one's mind, which correspond to syntactic labels of a different language discourse. Translators' efforts to match the meaning of source language (SL) text in the target language (TL) can lead to translation shifts. Therefore, this article focuses on the valence shift between English and Indonesian. The primary source of this article was Start With Why by Sinek (2009) and its Indonesian translation by Purwoko (2019). The analysis applied the Cognitive Affective Map tool. This article explores the translation shift by considering the semantic map by Song (2018) and the blended theory by Ungerer and Schmid (2006). The results of this research indicate that an intrasystem shift occurs. Ergative cases in source language change to nonergative cases, and the entity of semantic argument changes animate cases to be unanimated, or vice versa. In addition, the number of semantic arguments changes. This research implies that translators should define semantic arguments when translating and clarify them with target language speakers' social cognition to find equivalent meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trakya Journal of Education is the property of Trakya Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ professional success has been claimed to depend on numerous factors in the literature. However, the interactive influence of psycho‐affective and cognitive factors on this construct has been neglected. To address this gap, this quantitative study used three scales to test an associational model of positive psychological capital (PPC), cognitive flexibility, and professional success. It also tried to uncover if PPC and cognitive flexibility could predict EFL teachers’ professional success. To do so, 533 Chinese EFL teachers took part in a survey. The results of structural equation modeling, correlation analysis, and multiple regression showed a strong and positive link among teachers’ PPC, cognitive flexibility, and professional success. Furthermore, it was revealed that PPC and cognitive flexibility could collectively predict about 53% of the variations in Chinese EFL teachers’ professional success. The study discusses the results and presents some implications for teachers, teacher trainers, and authorities, who can work on the psycho‐affective and cognitive aspects of teacher professionalism and success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Higher Education Area and the US National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine have called on higher education to support interdisciplinary learning. The National Academies recommend evaluating interdisciplinary education against relevant criteria, but beyond listing student majors, institutions cannot easily quantify interdisciplinarity in education. The Rao-Stirling diversity index, which incorporates measures of cognitive distance, is used to quantify the interdisciplinarity of research. This study extends the use of the Rao-Stirling diversity index to the context of higher education to: (1) determine whether it provides a more nuanced measure of interdisciplinarity than number of majors, and (2) to examine patterns in interdisciplinarity across 79 student teams in Georgia Tech’s Vertically Integrated Projects Program (N = 1218). The analysis employed cognitive distances developed in a previous study. Distributions of diversity indexes and enrollment by major were examined across the program, along with visualizations for 4 teams. Results show the Rao-Stirling diversity index provided a more comprehensive measure of team interdisciplinarity, and it indicated higher interdisciplinarity in more teams and in comparatively smaller teams than the number of majors would imply. Indexes across the program were examined graphically and explored through regression. Results indicated that higher interdisciplinarity was associated with smaller team size, implying a possible need for additional support for these teams. The utility of the index in quantifying the interdisciplinarity of teams and in revealing a previously unknown pattern confirm its usefulness within the context of higher education. Limitations, implications for research and practice, and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive difficulties are reported as lasting sequelae within post COVID-19 condition. However, the chronicity of these difficulties and related factors of fatigue, mood, and perceived health have yet to be fully determined. To address this, the current longitudinal study aimed to clarify the trends of cognitive test performance and cognitive domain impairment following COVID-19 onset, and whether hospitalization influences outcomes. 57 participants who reported subjective cognitive difficulties after confirmed COVID-19 infection were assessed at baseline (~6 months post COVID-19) and follow-up (~15 months later) visits. Assessments included measures across multiple cognitive domains and self-report questionnaires of fatigue, mood, and overall health. Analyses were conducted in three stages: at the test score level (raw and adjusted scores), at the cognitive domain level, and stratified by hospitalization status during infection. Results at the test-score level indicate that cognitive performance remains relatively stable across assessments at the group level, with no significant improvements in any adjusted test scores at follow-up. Cognitive domain analyses indicate significant reductions in attention and executive functioning impairment, while memory impairment is slower to resolve. On self-report measures, there was a significant improvement in overall health ratings at follow-up. Finally, those hospitalized during infection performed worse on timed cognitive measures across visits and accounted for a larger proportion of cases with short-term and working memory impairment at follow-up. Overall, our findings indicate that cognitive difficulties persist both at test score and cognitive domain levels in many cases of post COVID-19 condition, but evidence suggests some improvement in global measures of attention, executive functioning and overall self-rated health. Furthermore, an effect of hospitalization on cognitive symptoms post COVID-19 may be more discernible over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Vietnamese cultural context, grandparents often assist their children in raising their grandchildren. While children often exhibit maladaptive behaviors, grandparents show difficulty in dealing with those behaviors of their grandchildren. This article evaluates the effectiveness of children's maladaptive behavior management program for participating grandparents in order to propose recommendations for completing and widely implementing a program to support grandparents to manage their grandchildren behaviors. The results of the repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis of the cognitive status, emotions and skills of the grandparents before the experiment, immediately after the experiment and three months after the experiment between grandparents of the intervention group and grandparents of the control group show that: The program is effective in enhancing grandparents' awareness and skills in managing children's maladaptive behavior, reducing the impact of children's maladaptive behavior on grandparents' emotions. This result shows that it is feasible to implement a training program for grandparents to manage children's maladaptive behavior in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, psychological theories of aggression have shown limited applicability to the first-hand experience of real-world violence. Examining the experiences of those directly involved in violent offending, may enable professionals to develop a strengthened and more refined understanding. The current study aimed to develop a theoretical model of offender experiences of decision-making, during the commission of a violent offence. The Critical Decision Method (CDM) for cognitive task analysis was conducted within a British prison, with nine participants who had been convicted of a serious violent offence. Interview transcripts were analysed using constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT). Seven themes were interpreted from participant narratives: (i) predisposing influences, (ii) environment, (iii) emotion, (iv) triggering events, (v) decision to act, (vi) identity and (vii) severity of harm caused to the victim. Participants' narratives were found to focus upon a process of decision-making which followed a sequence of events, from the impact of early experiences, through to the in-the-moment decisions, that led to acting in a violent manner. This study provides novel insights into the experience of violent decision-making. Participants emphasised the role of emotion and identity. A range of clinical implications are discussed which highlight the important role of emotion regulation and identity transformation in the rehabilitation of violent offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algebra as a school subject is ill defined. Students experience algebra quite differently depending on the perspective of algebra taken by authors of the textbooks from which they learn. Through a content analysis of problems (n = 63,174) in the narrative and homework sections of six high school mathematics textbook series published in the U.S., we acquired systematic and reliable information about the algebra strand (i.e., symbolic algebra and functions) of each textbook series. We introduce plots to show the density, distribution, and sequencing of content, and present analyses of data for cognitive behavior, real-world context, technology, and manipulatives. Feedback on this study from an author of each textbook series is shared, and findings are discussed in terms of students' opportunities to learn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As explored in relevant literature, both ecolinguistics and cognitive linguistics emphasize metaphors as conceptual devices to frame the reality around us. Animal metaphor forms an interesting domain to comprehend human-animal relationship at the interface of ecolinguistics and cognitive linguistics. Deriving from this, the research questions the suitability of the animalized language through Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT). Data from Twitter has been analyzed to understand how the animals on social media impacts the human mind in establishing speciesism among Bengali speakers. Hence, to supplement the research with an ecological perspective, a mixed-method approach has been employed using three studies: (1) to understand the general public opinion on using animal metaphor; (2) to present the cognitive operations of the imaginative mind in using animal metaphor; and (3) to check the reflection of human attitude in real-time practices. The research findings highlight the harmful frames that social media can trigger in the mental spaces of the users – excluding animals qua animals. Additionally, the research also empirically verifies that animalized language use is one of the significant factors behind the speciesist attitudes among Bengali speakers. The research also seeks to sensitize humans towards the hateful nature of the animalized tweets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Researchers in the learning sciences have been considering methods of analysing and representing group-level temporal data, particularly discourse analysis, in Computed Supported Collaborative Learning for many years. Methods: This paper compares two methods used to analyse and represent connections in discourse, Discrete Time Markov Chains and Epistemic Network Analysis. We illustrate both methods by comparing group-level discourse using the same coded dataset of 15 high school students who engaged in group work. The groups were based on the tools they used namely the computer, iPad, or Interactive Whiteboard group. The aim here is not to advocate for a particular method but to investigate each method's affordances. Results: The results indicate that both methods are relevant in evaluating the code connection within each group. In both cases, the techniques have supported the analysis of cognitive connections by representing frequent co-occurrences of concepts in a given segment of discourse. Discussion: As the affordances of both methods vary, practitioners may consider both to gain insight into what each technique can allow them to conclude about the group dynamics and collaborative learning processes to close the loop for learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIdentifying design requirements for new technologies is vitally important for successful uptake, yet few structured approaches exist to guide the process. Given increasing concerns regarding gig economy worker road safety, this study involved the use of Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), alongside a participatory design process, to identify requirements for a novel, app-based incident reporting tool for gig economy workers. Study 1 involved a stakeholder workshop to refine a Work Domain Analysis model and define stakeholder requirements for the tool. Study 2 involved focus groups to identify barriers and facilitators to using the tool and a survey to inform the development of a Contextual Activity Template, in addition to identifying further barriers and facilitators. Design requirements for the tool were identified through synthesising the CWA outputs and themes identified from stakeholder and end user input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reveal the cognitive demands of senior high school English as a foreign language textbooks in China and their potential impact on students' thinking development. To achieve this, the study employed content analysis, using an analytical framework adapted from the revised Bloom's taxonomy, to examine the cognitive demands incorporated in the activities across nine target textbooks from three different publishers. The study found "Understand" to be the most common cognitive demand in the examined textbooks. However, it also identified that lower cognitive demands "Remember," "Understand," and "Apply" were less prevalent than the higher demands "Analyze," "Evaluate," and "Create." Additionally, the study observed variations in the distribution of cognitive demands within the textbooks for 10th, 11th, and 12th grades. Despite these variations, the distribution of cognitive demands across the three grade-level textbooks was found to be remarkably similar, with an increase in the occurrence frequency of cognitive demands "Apply," "Analyze," "Evaluate," and "Create," and a corresponding decrease in the occurrence frequency of cognitive demands "Understand" and "Remember." These findings indicate that senior high school English as a foreign language textbooks in China are intentionally designed to accommodate the thinking skill needs of students at each grade level and to promote the development of their thinking skills, with a particular emphasis on higher-order thinking skills. The findings hold significant implications for the design and use of language textbooks, highlighting the importance of integrating appropriate and challenging cognitive demands to effectively support students' thinking development. Plain language summary: This study aims to uncover the cognitive requirements presented by senior high school English textbooks in China and their potential impact on students' thinking skill development. The researchers analyzed the content of nine target textbooks from three publishers using an analytical framework based on the revised Bloom's taxonomy. The findings showed that the most common cognitive requirement was "Understand." However, lower-level cognitive requirements like "Remember," "Understand," and "Apply" were less common than higher-level requirements such as "Analyze," "Evaluate," and "Create." The study also found differences in cognitive requirement distribution among textbooks for 10th, 11th, and 12th grades, yet the overall pattern was similar. As students progress through grades, there's an increase in the occurrence frequency of higher-level cognitive requirements and a decrease in that of lower-level ones. These results suggest that the examined textbooks are intentionally designed to meet the thinking skill needs of students at different grade levels and to promote the development of their thinking skills, especially higher-order thinking skills. This study highlights the importance of including appropriate and challenging cognitive requirements in EFL textbooks to support students' thinking development effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to describe innovation in psychopedagogy as a consequence of the knowledge provided by cognitive psychology, which have fostered new strategies and psychopedagogical goals. The analysis of this cognitive evolution results from 80 years of research in developmental, clinical and educational psychology, along with research on school learning and learning difficulties. Contributions from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and neuroimaging have affected this evolution. The key element of this innovation is to promote the development of children's metacognition in order to improve their academic performance and overcome their learning difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the embodied ways in which learners monitor their cognition while learning about exponential functions in an immersive virtual reality (VR) based game, Pandemic by Prisms of Reality. Traditionally, metacognitive monitoring has been assessed through behavioural traces and verbalised instances. When learning in VR, learners are fully immersed in the learning environment, actively manipulating it based on affordances designed to support learning, offering insights into the relationship between physical interaction and metacognition. The study collected multimodal data from 15 participants, including think‐aloud audio, bird's‐eye view video recordings and physiological data. Metacognitive monitoring was analysed through qualitative coding of the think‐aloud protocol, while movement was measured via optical flow analysis and cognitive load was assessed through heart rate variability analysis. The results revealed embodied metacognition by aligning the data to identify learners' physical states alongside their verbalised metacognition. The findings demonstrated a temporal interplay among cognitive load, metacognitive monitoring, and motion during VR‐based learning. Specifically, cognitive load, indicated by the low‐ and high‐frequency heart rate variability index, predicted instances of metacognitive monitoring, and monitoring predicted learners' motion while interacting with the VR environment. This study further provides future directions in understanding self‐regulated learning processes during VR learning by utilizing multimodal data to inform real‐time adaptive personalised support within these environments. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Immersive virtual reality (VR) environments have the potential to offer personalised support based on users' individual needs and characteristics.Self‐regulated learning (SRL) involves learners monitoring their progress and strategically regulating their learning when needed.Multimodal data captured during VR learning, such as birds‐eye‐view video, screen recordings, physiological changes and verbalisations, can provide insights into learners' SRL processes and support needs.What this paper adds Provides insights into the embodied aspects of learners' metacognitive monitoring during learning in an immersive VR environment.Demonstrates how SRL processes can be captured via the collection and analysis of multimodal data, including think‐aloud audio, bird's‐eye view video recordings and physiological data, to capture metacognitive monitoring and movement during VR‐based learning.Contributes to the understanding of the interplay between cognitive load, metacognitive monitoring, and motion in immersive VR learning.Implications for practice and/or policy Researchers and practitioners can use the causal relationships identified in this study to identify instances of SRL in an immersive VR setting.Educational technology developers can consider the integration of online measures, such as cognitive load and physiological arousal, into adaptive VR environments to enable real‐time personalised support for learners based on their self‐regulatory needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized a sample of 2052 participants from government and enterprise sectors to explore the distinct effects of power and sense of power on cognitive flexibility. It also delves into how the three dimensions of reward sensitivity and the comprehensive measure of punishment sensitivity mediate this relationship. The key findings are as follows: (1) There is no significant direct correlation between power and sense of power. (2) Both power and sense of power are substantial positive predictors of cognitive flexibility, with middle- and upper-level employees demonstrating significantly greater cognitive flexibility than their lower-level counterparts, and sense of power having a more pronounced positive influence than objective power. (3) Drive and fun-seeking mediate the relationship between sense of power and cognitive flexibility, yet only when sense of power is the independent variable. (4) No mediating effects are observed for the dimensions of reward sensitivity or punishment sensitivity when power is the independent variable. Exploring reward and punishment sensitivity in the context of power's influence on cognitive flexibility in real organizational settings is of paramount importance. This enhances our understanding of the intricate ways in which power dynamics shape individual behaviors and cognition across diverse cultural landscapes and provides actionable insights for refining organizational management and leadership strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neural or mental simulation of actions is a powerful tool for allowing cognitive agents to develop Prospection Capabilities that are crucial for learning and memorizing key aspects of challenging skills. In previous studies, we developed an approach based on the animation of the redundant human body schema, based on the Passive Motion Paradigm (PMP). In this paper, we show that this approach can be easily extended to hyper-redundant serpentine robots as well as to hybrid configurations where the serpentine robot is functionally integrated with a traditional skeletal infrastructure. A simulation model is analyzed in detail, showing that it incorporates spatio-temporal features discovered in the biomechanical studies of biological hydrostats, such as the elephant trunk or octopus tentacles. It is proposed that such a generative internal model could be the basis for a cognitive architecture appropriate for serpentine robots, independent of the underlying design and control technologies. Although robotic hydrostats have received a lot of attention in recent decades, the great majority of research activities have been focused on the actuation/sensorial/material technologies that can support the design of hyper-redundant soft/serpentine robots, as well as the related control methodologies. The cognitive level of analysis has been limited to motion planning, without addressing synergy formation and mental time travel. This is what this paper is focused on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research described different cognitive processes on how individuals process distributional information. Based on these processes, the current research uncovered a novel phenomenon in distribution perception: the Endpoint Leverage Effect. Subjective endpoints influence distribution estimations not only locally around the endpoint but also influence estimations across the whole value range of the distribution. The influence is largest close to the respective endpoint and decreases in size toward the opposite end of the value range. Three experiments investigate this phenomenon: Experiment 1 provides correlational evidence for the Endpoint Leverage Effect after presenting participants with a numerical distribution. Experiment 2 demonstrates the Endpoint Leverage Effect by manipulating the subjective endpoints of a numerical distribution directly. Experiment 3 generalizes the phenomenon by investigating a general population sample and estimations regarding a real‐world income distribution. In addition, quantitative model analysis examines the cognitive processes underlying the effect. Overall, the novel Endpoint Leverage Effect is found in all three experiments, inspiring further research in a wide area of contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The learning equations of an ANN are presented, giving an extremely concise derivation based on the principle of backpropagation through the descendent gradient. Then, a dual network is outlined acting between synapses of a basic ANN, which controls the learning process and coordinates the subnetworks selected by attention mechanisms toward purposeful behaviors. Mechanisms of memory and their affinity with comprehension are considered, by emphasizing the common role of abstraction and the interplay between assimilation and accommodation, in the spirit of Piaget's analysis of psychological acquisition and genetic epistemology. Learning, comprehension, and knowledge are expressed as different levels of organization of informational processes inside cognitive systems. It is argued that formal analyses of cognitive artificial systems could shed new light on typical mechanisms of "natural intelligence" and, in a specular way, that models of natural cognition processes could promote further developments of ANN models. Finally, new possibilities of chatbot interaction are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based total and segmental hippocampus volume analysis in the assessment of cognitive status in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: We divided participants into three groups Group A‐Parkinson patients (Pp) with normal cognitive status (n = 25), Group B‐Pp with dementia (n = 17), and Group C‐healthy controls (n = 37). Three‐dimensional T1W Fast Spoiled Gradient Recalled Echo images were used for Volbrain hippocampus subfield segmentation. We used the "Winterburn" protocol, which divides the hippocampus into five segments, Cornu Ammonis (CA),CA2/CA3, CA4/dentate gyrus, stratum radiatum, lacunosum, and moleculare, and subiculum. Results: A total of 79 participants were included in the study, consisting of 42 individuals with PD (64.2% male) and 37 healthy controls (54.1% male). The mean age of PD was 60.9 ± 10.7 years and the mean age of control group was 59.27 ± 12.3 years. Significant differences were found in total hippocampal volumes between Group A and B (p =.047. Statistically significant group differences were found in total, right, and left CA1 volumes (analysis of variance [ANOVA]: F(2,76) = 8.098, p =.001; F(2,76) = 7.628, p =.001; F(2,76) = 5.084, p =.008, respectively), as well as in total subiculum volumes (ANOVA: F(2,76) = 4.368, p =.016). Post hoc tests showed that total subiculum volume was significantly lower in individuals with normal cognitive status (0.474 ± 0.116 cm3) compared to healthy controls (0.578 ± 0.151 cm3, p =.013). Conclusion: Volumetric hippocampal MRI can be used to assess the cognitive status of Pp. Longitudinal studies that evaluate Pp who progress from normal cognition to dementia are required to establish a causal relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brandt (2021) ignores Peircean indices as signs and fits them into the category of symbolic signs if they are intentional. He names the third group of signs as diagrams and considers them, along with iconic and symbolic signs, to complete semiotic aspects of the art of life. In this research, we intend to illustrate that Persiancalligraphy has characteristics similar to diagrammatic signs and can be fitted into the category of diagrams. For this purpose, by using the structural perceptions of Persian calligraphy, Gestalt rules and semiotic blending, we analyse perceptually and conceptually a known work of Persian calligraphy art. To discover perceptual meanings, we apply Gestalt rules in the spaces of this work. The meaning obtained from this type of 'ception' is not person-dependent and culture-dependent. Perception of a sign occurs due to the stimulation of Gestalt principles in our mind. For example, if two points are in the scope of our vision, our mind creates a line by stimulating the principle of 'similarity'. This line, in fact, is invisible, but it can be perceived. In order for extracting the conceptional mening, we apply Brandt's blending theory to this work and name the resulting meaning as conceptual meaning. This meaning depends on how to perceive, which itself is dependent on perceptual perspective, and in addition, on our mental schemas. These two factors make conceptual perspective. Special attention has been paid to the perspective within the perceptual and conceptual analyses, because the way and order of observation as well as our schemas can change our interpretaion. It means that with a different perspective, a different interpretation is obtained. In order to conceive a sign, it is necessary to perceive it, because we first perceive the world with our senses. Then, with the formation of mental spaces and the presence of mental schemas, the 'meaning space' is created in our mind. This kind of approach to conceptualization was founded by Fauconnier and Turner in 1997 under the name of blending theory. Brandt, while criticizing the theory of mental spaces proposed by Fauconnier and Turner, presents a supplementary model of the semiotic blending, which includes five mental spaces as well as mental schemas as a conceptualisation interface. According to the model used for the conceptual analysis of this Persian calligraphy work, conceptual meaning is the result of our perception lead to a blending space and our schemas. The analysis of the considered calligraphy work from the perceptual and concetual points of view, focusing on the imagination factors such as selection, perspective, prominence, dynamicity, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, clearly illustrated that this calligraphy work can be considered as a diagrammatic sign in nature; because the organization of calligraphy forms based on these cognitive contents has been done in such a way that guarantees the conception of the work. It is assumed that perceptual and conceptual meanings, in addition to the space of Persian calligraphy, can also be obtained in the space of other human arts, based on what was tested in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on interjections in English. An interjection is a word or phrase that is used to express strong emotions, often suddenly, like oops when a small mistake happens, as in Oops! I typed two Ls by mistake. To provide a new picture of interjections, it embeds the analysis in Cognitive Grammar. In this regard, it attempts to verify three claims of Cognitive Grammar. One claim describes a linguistic expression as a cluster of distinct but related senses. In light of this claim, the paper argues that an interjection forms a category of numerous senses organized around a central one. Another claim characterizes the meanings of linguistic expressions with respect to the fields to which they belong. In virtue of this claim, the paper argues that interjections form domains in which they stand for a general concept but differ in specifics. A further claim ascribes the use of a linguistic expression to the particular construal imposed on its content. Given this claim, the paper argues that the use of an interjection results from the particular perspective in which the speaker takes on a situation. The aim is to highlight the extra touch of meaning that interjections flavor the utterances in which they occur. The gist is that interjections are purposeful choices for expressing sentiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) represent a transformative technology in wireless communication, offering a novel approach to managing and enhancing radio signal propagation. By dynamically adjusting their electromagnetic properties, RIS can significantly improve the performance and efficiency of 5G and beyond communication systems. In this paper, we study a cognitive RIS-aided non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network that serves multiple users and improves spectrum efficiency. Our analysis assumes a secondary network operates under multi-primary user constraints and interference from the primary source. We derive approximation closed-form formulas for outage probability (OP), and system throughput. To obtain further insights, an asymptotic expression for OP is computed by taking into account two power configurations at the source. Additionally, numerical results show the effects of important factors on performance, confirming the accuracy of the theoretical derivation. According to the simulation results, performance by the system under consideration might be improved considerably by combining a RIS and NOMA, particularly when compared to an orthogonal multiple access scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Turismo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Empresas Turísticas y Hoteleras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multi‐criteria methods and systems have been developed over many years to support decision‐making with a process of eliciting preferences. The emphasis has been on those that incorporate compensatory rationality, the characteristics of which make the process more complex. Neuroscience has offered the opportunity to capture aspects of cognition, generating insights. This paper investigates the preference elicitation process with Flexible and Interactive Tradeoff (FITradeoff), using electroencephalography and eye‐tracking applied to a sample of undergraduate and graduate students. While FITradeoff offers greater flexibility when evaluating recent advances in the area, the experiment carried out incorporates paradigms present in other methods developed for compensatory rationality. The results indicate the effect the type of predominant criterion has on cognitive effort. Moreover, a non‐linear relationship between the number of criteria and questions was found, which suggests that decision‐makers use a strategy of minimizing cognitive effort. Such findings help to direct efforts to enhance systems and methods with compensatory rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the studies of human cooperation, the problem is always the choice between individual benefit and collective benefit, which is modeled by the game. On the other hand, based on the Dual processing of decision-making, whether cooperative decision-making is the type I or type II has been discussed a lot. Some studies consider cooperative decision-making as type 1 and others as type 2. According to some theories, the human self is inter-subjective, and it is created by the interaction between I and Me. The classical model of game theory does not consider it. In this article, we first enter common sense and intersubjectivity into the game theory model and show that a level of estimation of the intention of the opposite player is necessary for cooperation. Then we show that if the individual perceives himself in a joint situation through the knowledge of the opposite player’s intention, the cooperative decision-making process is carried out Fast, and therefore it must be considered type 1, and if he considers himself as an individual, his decision-making must be considered type 2. As a result, belonging to a social environment has priority over the type of decision-making. The statistical population includes 20 master’s students who each made 100 binary decisions and produced a total of 2000 data. The analysis method is regression analysis. Based on an intersubjective model of game theory the result of the analysis of a linear regression model shows that the response time decreases and the level of cooperation increases significantly as people’s understanding of another’s intention increases, and also the response time increases and the level of cooperation decreases at the same time as this intention decreases. Because collaborative decision-making takes place in an intersubjective space, it is said that it is influenced by common sense before than dual cognitive processing. Therefore, if there is a community of common sense, collective rationality and as result cooperation is internalized and shows itself as system 1. But if there is no common sense, people decide to cooperate or not as separate individual atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining the relationship between the responses of a number of different cognitive trainings on cognitive functioning in middle-aged and elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. Randomized controlled experimental studies published publicly from the time of inception to October 30, 2023 were searched through Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases. Traditional and network meta-analyses were performed using Stata 17.0 software. Fifty papers on 4 types of cognitive training were included. Traditional meta-analysis showed that virtual reality training (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI : [0.36,0.70], P = 0.00), neuropsychological training (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI : [0.18,0.70], P = 0.00), cognitive strategy training (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI : [0.16,0.36], P = 0.00), and cognitive behavioral therapy (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI : [0.08,0.41], P = 0.00) all had significant improvement effects on the cognitive function of middle-aged and elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. Network meta-analysis revealed neuropsychological training as the best cognitive training, and subgroup analysis of cognitive function subdimensions showed that neuropsychological training had the best effects on working memory, lobal cognitive function, memory, and cognitive flexibility improvement. Meanwhile, virtual reality training had the best effects on processing speed, verbal ability, overall executive function, spatial cognitive ability, and attention improvement. Cognitive training can significantly improve the cognitive function of middle-aged and elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment, and neuropsychological training is the best intervention, most effective in interventions lasting more than 8 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to compare the sensory and cognitive performance of generations of consumers using artisanal tortillas. Four groups of generational consumers were evaluated (baby boomers, generation X, Y, and Z; n = 100 consumers per generational group). Three experiments were conducted: (1) use of the intensity scale, (2) determination of dominant attributes via TDS and (3) elicited emotions and memories. The results of the first experiment showed that baby boomers, generation X and Y had the best performance in terms of discrimination and consensus. The second experiment demonstrated that generation Z consumers identified dominant attributes of texture in mouth and the other generations identified corn flavor, nixtamal flavor, and sour taste attributes as dominant. Regarding the evaluation of emotions and memories, it was observed that as generations progress, more emotions, and memories were used. In this sense, generation Z was the one that used the most negative emotions and memories. Practical Applications: Analyzing the generational effect can help researchers and tortilla manufacturers to the selection of generational consumer for the evaluation of artisanal, cross‐cultural, or industrialized foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism sector plays a crucial role in the global economy, encompassing both physical infrastructure and cultural engagement. Indonesia has a wide range of attractions and has experienced remarkable growth, with Bali as a notable example of this. With the rapid advancements in technology, travelers now have the freedom to explore independently, while online travel agencies (OTAs) serve as important resources. Reviews from tourists significantly impact the service quality and perception of destinations, and text mining is a valuable tool for extracting insights from unstructured review data. This research integrates multiclass text classification and a network analysis to uncover tourists' behavioral patterns through their perceptions and movement. This study innovates beyond conventional sentiment and cognitive image analysis to the tourists' perceptions of cognitive dimensions and explores the sentiment correlation between different cognitive dimensions. We find that destinations generally receive positive feedback, with 80.36% positive reviews, with natural attractions being the most positive aspect while infrastructure is the least positive aspect. We highlight that qualitative experiences do not always align with quantitative cost-effectiveness evaluations. Through a network analysis, we identify patterns in tourist mobility, highlighting three clusters of attractions that cater to diverse preferences. This research underscores the need for tourism destinations to strategically adapt to tourists' varied expectations, enhancing their appeal and aligning their services with preferences to elevate destination competitiveness and increase tourist satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain sustainability is now an imperative, particularly considering the circular supply chain (CSC) paradigm, which offers opportunities for performance improvement. Thus, it is possible to infer that there is a causal link between circularity and supply chain performance. However, the analysis of this relationship occurs under subjective perspectives. To computationally process human language can overcome this issue. Hence, this paper aims to propose an approach for assessing the influence of circular economy (CE) implementation principles on supply chain performance using the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM), a well‐established soft computing technique. The study develops a computational model and brings an illustrative application. Methodologically, is model‐based, quantitative, axiomatic and descriptive. It contributes by providing means to support the formulation of strategies for aligning CE implementation efforts with supply chain performance improvement efforts. The FCM visually represents how supply chain performance attributes are influenced by CE principles, supporting informed decision‐making towards circularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is devoted to the cognitive analysis of the current state of the Eurasian Economic Commission, which is the main institution of integration of the economies of the Western Eurasia. Deconstruction of the European principle of the “four freedoms” that was laid down in the basis of the EAEU allows authors to conclude that further implementation of the latter will lead to the reproduction of the EU’s weaknesses that have become obvious today. Moreover, it will lead to internal conflicts, primarily between corporations, which will be mainly Russian, and the member states. The predictable result will be a decrease in the functionality of the Eurasian Union, which has already taken noticeable forms. It produces the obvious risks of turning of this important negotiating platform into an artifact that does not meet the challenges that arose with the beginning of Russia’s Special military operation. The authors see a way out in «balancing» the principle of «four freedoms», which de facto leads to redistribution of resources in favor of corporations, with the principle of security. The extrapolation of latter to the economic sphere can allow not only to strengthen the regulatory role of states, but also to move to the creation of a production circuit within the Eurasian Economic Union based on the common system of division of labor. In their theoretical constructions, the authors appeal to the successful experience of China, which managed to introduce a system of moral and ethical restrictions for business, and thereby managed to make profitable a «long» investment focused not on the consumption of an individual, but on the prosperity of society as a whole.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of a person-centred active rehabilitation programme on symptoms associated with suspected Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). This was accomplished by (1) assessing the effect that a person-centred active rehabilitation programme had on participant symptoms, and (2) exploring how temporal contextual factors affected the participants' experience with, and perceived effectiveness of, the active rehabilitation programme. Methods: A twelve-month mixed-methods single case experimental research design was used with six cases (participants). Individual cases were involved in a 51-week study period including an initial interview and three-week baseline phase. Cases were then randomly allocated to one of two n-of-1 study designs (i.e., A-B, B-A, B-A, A-B or B-A, A-B, A-B, B-A) where A and B represent a non-intervention and intervention phase, respectively. Interviews were conducted regularly throughout the study whilst outcome measures were assessed at each follow-up. Analysis of the data included visual, statistical, and qualitative analysis. Results: Visual and statistical analysis of cognitive and executive function, and mindful attention, demonstrated trivial-to-large effects with the summary reflecting positive or unclear results. A mixed picture was observed for mood and behaviour with effects considered trivial-to-large, and the summary demonstrating positive, unclear and negative effects. Qualitative analysis indicated a perceived improvement in outcome measures such as memory, attention, anxiety, and emotional control despite mixed quantitative findings whilst a clear impact of contextual factors, such as COVID-19, the political atmosphere, exercise tolerance, programme progression, and motivation were evident during the intervention. Conclusions: This study has provided primary-level evidence to suggest active rehabilitation as a potential intervention for the management of suspected CTE symptoms. This study has also demonstrated the benefit of a person-centred approach to both clinical research and practice, particularly by considering contextual factors for a better understanding of an intervention effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]