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Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a lesson plan for primary students related to Australian colonies including historical texts, Chinese immigrant contributions and reasons for colonial immigration to Australia.

The article explores the works authors Selfa Chew and Louie Kin-sheun, both descendants of East Asian migrants to Latin America. Topics discussed include the authors' emotional motivations in translating Chineseness into the Latin American context, and the unique voice of the postmigration generation after the decline of global empires.

The article explores the advantages and disadvantages of microhistory and microcosm with regard to globalization, the Spanish Empire, Chinese migrants, and globalization in Manila, Philippines. An overview of Manila in the 17th century is provided which was colonized by Spain that led to radical transformation. Also discussed are Chinese migrants' writings, the trade activities of Chinese migrants in the Philippines, and the relation between Chinese and Spaniards in the Philippines.

Classical-style poetry is a neglected genre in the study of Chinese American literature. Except for the Angel Island Poetry and the Songs of Gold Mountain (Jinshan geji 金山歌集), no substantial research has been done on the enormous amount of classical-style poems published in San Francisco and New York. This article attempts to explore this uncharted territory by examining the poetry of Tung Pok Chin 陳松柏 (1916-88, aka Lai Bing Chan 黎屏塵) and his story as a Chinese immigrant. Chin moved to the United States in 1934 as a paper son. He joined the American navy during World War II and eventually established his own laundry business in Brooklyn. Since the late 1940s, Chin published a significant amount of his classical-style poetry in the China Daily News (Meizhou huaqiao ribao 美洲華僑日報), a left-wing newspaper operated by the pro-communist Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance. With the help of his daughter, he also wrote a memoir in English narrating his assimilation into American society. His poetry, though not particularly refined, similarly records his experiences and comments regarding American life and politics. Based on the source materials found in the Tung Pok Chin Papers archived in New York University, his memoir, and the poems he published in the China Daily News, herein I illuminate how Chin adopted a traditional form of poetry as his expressive vehicle and, with the narrative power of his English memoir, how he used his poems to construct a social identity. The article also relates Chin's work to the broader context of Asian American studies, as well as the classical poetry community and its development in New York, and ponders his significances in the history of Chinese American literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese migrants have been a rich source of influential international literature, represented by key works such asEat a Bowl of Teaby Louis Chu in 1961 andThe Joy Luck Clubby Amy Tan in 1989. Cultural differences and conflicts, stereotypes and other complex issues regarding the diasporic lives of the Chinese sojourners are revealed vividly in those stories. In the intercultural language teaching of Chinese in USA, Australia and Europe, a central and pressing task is to improve students' intercultural sensitivities and develop the capability to communicate efficiently with China and Chinese people. In light of critical literary studies that treat literature as a kind of ‘cultural artefact’ and recent analysis of Hay and Wang which advocates ‘migratory’ literature as a ‘third place’ for intercultural communication, this paper takes a step further. It does so by expanding the spectrum into Chinese norms, stereotypes and some core values that are significant in intercultural communication with Chinese and explores interdisciplinary approaches to linking studies of Chinese migrant literature and the intercultural education of Chinese at university level. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the transnational characteristics of Chinese immigrants in Japan by focusing on the linguistic hybridity of Japanese language writing of Chinese immigrant writers Yang Yi's and Mao Danqing's. Topics mentioned include the role of increasing population of the Chinese immigrants since 1980 in Japanese society, the cultural translation represented in the works of the two writers, and the issue awareness of the writers in negotiating multiple languages and cultures.

A young Chinese immigrant's aversion to his Chinese origin and his self- identification as purely American gives much food for thought to the author: Who and what American education has been aiming to educate its students to be and what is impeding multiculturalism from being cultivated in education. The article points out that American schools have long been serving to Americanize its immigrant population regardless of where they are originally from, ethnically, linguistically, culturally, and religiously, and in spite of the country's long- -standing and ever-growing diversity. Without challenging the structural inequality inherent in "assimilation", true multiculturalism will not be realized in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only since the 1960s has the Asian Diaspora been studied as a historical movement greatly impacting the United States — affecting not only socio-historical cultural trends and geographic ethnography, but also culturally redefining major areas of Western history and culture. This paper explores the reverse impact of the Asian America Diaspora on Mainland China or the Chinese Motherland. Mainland Chinese writers Ha Jin and Yiyun Li have left China and today teach in major American universities and reside in America. However, the fiction of both authors explores themes and landscapes that remain immersed in Mainland Chinese culture, traditions and environment. Both authors explore the themes of “cultural collisions” between East and West, choosing to write in their adopted English language instead of their mother Putonghua tongue. Central to this paper is the idea that ethnicity and race are socially and historically constructed as well as contested, reclaimed and redefined [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how reading and writing social justice poetry in literacy learning can give students a voice in democratic citizenship. This teaching strategy is explored through an event in which poetry was used to demonstrate how young Chinese immigrants in the early 20th century protested their incarceration at the Angel Island detention center in San Francisco Bay, California using poetry. This is used as a model for implementing poetry of social justice into the childhood literacy curriculum. The characteristics and guidelines for reading and writing social justice poetry are discussed.

When women from mainland China are newly arrived in Hong Kong, their first difficulty is usually environmental stress. Their socio-economic situation often limits their ability to express their expectations related to their living space. In order to enable the women to voice their views and become participants in urban planning, our research group adopted interdisciplinary participatory action research, including non-participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups, photovoice, visual simulation-modelling workshops, etc. In the process, we asked these newly arrived woman to 1) offer comments on their current living situation; 2) describe clearly their preferred housing environment; and 3) propose suggestions to the Hong Kong Government in respect to housing and neighbourhood planning. This article intends to demonstrate the validity of the use of these methods to promote participatory democracy in the context of an urban living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's views regarding Chinese American literature. He provides facts about his first encounter with Chinese American literature in the late 1980s, which he then introduced to China. He also discusses several Chinese American poets and their works including Henry Yiheng Zhao, John Yau, Wing Tek Lum and Carolyn Lau. He also narrates his personal encounters with some Chinese American novelists and scholars such as Maxine Hong Kingston and Jade Snow Wong, as well as the insights he got from them. Details about Chinese American literature's integration in Chinese curriculum are also provided. Moreover, he cites the significance of studying Chinese America literature in understanding the lives of early Chinese immigrants in the U.S.

This paper attempts to unfold the unheard stories of Chinese women immigrants and to explore the effects of their cultural values on their adjustment needs during their migration process in Britain. According to Chinese tradition, Chinese women are to be submissive and they are neglected in the Chinese community. For Chinese women migrants, their experiences suggest that they are 'invisible' in British society. I intend to employ narrative inquiry to illustrate the life story of a woman immigrant's, weaving her narratives into that of my own experiences. These stories may resonate for readers from similar cultural contexts. The research findings may also help government or policy makers to mediate the adjustment issues of this community without undermining their specific cultural values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the condition of Chinese immigrants in Angel Island, California, the point of entry for these immigrants and their detention center, based from the poems written on the walls of the barracks in the island. It notes various abuses encountered by Chinese immigrants including extreme racial prejudice from the Americans. Moreover, these poems reflected the immigrants' call for justice and equality as well as demonstrated the will of these people to survive to defend their culture and dignity. Excerpts of Angel Island poetry are also presented.

AT THE BEGINNING of the nineteenth century in the United States of America, a process of racializing the concept of citizenship was occurring alongside an expansion of the criteria of what it means to be American. In the nineteenth century, slavery was abolished and the civil rights movement was born, with African Americans fighting for equal rights and citizenship. By the time the Chinese arrived in the United States to work on the railroads or as students, the country was teeming with racial anxiety. Many white Americans considered the Chinese as another form of Negro. Because of this, Chinese American writers would inevitably echo the rhetoric for equal rights that African Americans were using. Despite the oppression of both the Chinese and the African Americans, their status as racial minorities did not often lead to coalition or cooperation. The racial discourse at the time had become a bipolar discourse - the minority against the white majority, leaving no room for more than one minority. Seen in this way, it becomes conceivable that the minorities felt a certain competition between each other - not only economically, politically, but also socially. This paper hopes to illuminate the roots of this complicated relationship between two minority groups and show how the racial politics of today still reveals a bipolar, two-sided, Dominant-Other conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article prepares to demonstrate that a bilingual-bicultural biographer can provide insights into challenging and important ethnic issues, including some not easily investigated through traditional methodologies, by presenting them in context of the larger processes of maturation experienced by a bilingual-bicultural individual. In particular, this paper focuses on Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Warrior in which she recounts her early years as the first U.S.-born child of Chinese immigrants. Her memoir is consistent with such established facts about the Chinese in the U.S. as residential and cultural segregation from the host culture, strong ties with family in China, strict paternal; control, commitment to the ancestral culture, and a relatively high level of mother-tongue retention among U.S.-born. In sum, the memoir can be read as a social document, a unique and valuable contribution to understanding the family and individual aspects of language maintenance and language shift. Kingston reveals that at least some immigrant parents bring to bear on their children the powerful mythologies of their home culture first to control them, to keep them close to home, and second to hold off external pressures to acculturate.

The article focuses on the adaptation of different cultures and experiences of Chinese immigrants and in their literature. It states that Chinese American authors were quite aware that the search for their beginnings could hide ambiguities. It mentions several Chinese works including "The Woman Warrior," by Maxine Hong Kingston, "The Chinese in Haifa," by Jeff Chan. Moreover, the complexity of the Chinese American voices had claimed the interest of readers. It also states that search for identity of Chinese American writers and poets and the issues on emigration are complex, while author's ways of relating to their Chinese roots are varied.

Presents an abstract of an academic dissertation titled `Strangers Within Our Gates: A Study of Four First-Generation Chinese Immigrant Men's Autobiographies: 1930s-1940s,' submitted by Hongjun Su of University of Iowa in May 1996 about the development of the immigrant identity represented in four autobiographies by first-generation Chinese immigrant men published in the United States during the 1930s-1940s.