Search

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are pivotal in advancing the practical implementation of all‐solid‐state batteries. Poly(1,3‐dioxane) (PDOL)‐based electrolytes have attracted significant attention due to the pseudo‐high conductivity achieved through sophisticated in situ polymerization methods; however, such PDOL‐based electrolytes present challenges of crystallization over time and monomers residual during processing. In this study, integrating LiTFSI and LiDFOB as a universal copolymerization strategy for developing high‐performance PDOL electrolytes with a wide range of epoxy crosslinkers is proposed. It is discovered that this approach leverages the protective effects of TFSI anions on the boron active center and catalyzes polymer chain growth via crosslinking. The homogenously crosslinked (benzene‐centered) PDOL electrolyte exhibits remarkable thermo‐mechanical stability (up to 100 °C), high ion migration number (tLi+ = 0.42), a wide electrochemical window (≈5.0 V vs Li+/Li), and high ionic conductivity (4.5×10−4 S cm−1). Notably, the crosslinked PDOL electrolyte is in the all‐solid‐state with minimal monomer/oligomer residual, exhibiting no crystallization during relaxation, delivering a robust performance in all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At present, the energy consumption and carbon emissions of maritime transportation have raised concerns about environmental issues. A potential way to reduce carbon emissions from vessels is the use of chemical-based carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. However, this technology faces challenges such as high energy consumption, large space occupation, and high processing costs. Therefore, the development of a technology with low energy consumption and compact CO2 storage is crucial to promote the advancement of CCS technology. This paper introduces a magnesium CO2 battery system that converts CO2 into new energy, in the form of hydrogen, while storing CO2. By preparing highly efficient catalytic electrodes and testing the electrolyte and CO2 flow rate on the battery performance, the optimal process parameters were determined to be Pd/CeO2-oct for the electrodes, a 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution for the electrolyte, and a CO2 flow rate of 1 L/h. The battery system demonstrated high cycling stability and conversion efficiency at a current density of 8 mA·cm−2, with a stable cycling time of 600 min (20 cycles), a cathode hydrogen production of 10.135 mL, and a Faraday efficiency of 97.03%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, nano-PrO 1.83 supported carbon catalysts were prepared using a chemical blowing-catalytic carbonization method, wherein PrO 1.83 nanoparticles were highly dispersed in a porous carbon matrix. This PrO 1.83 @C catalyst possesses a high specific surface area and an abundant defect density, which will provide rapid hydrogen migration pathways. In addition, the Mg 96 La 3 Ni + x wt. % PrO 1.83 @C (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7) composites were synthesized using ball-milling techniques and their hydrogen storage performance was analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, PCT, and DSC measurement. The hydrogenation kinetics of the Mg 96 La 3 Ni alloy were significantly improved by adding PrO 1.83 @C.Among them, the composites with 3 wt % PrO 1.83 @C show the most superior performance, achieving 74.6.7% hydrogen absorption within 2 min at 320 °C. Meanwhile, it also notably decreases the energy barrier for hydrogen desorption to 103.7 kJ mol−1 H 2. Th e phenomenon can be attributed to the synergistic effect resulting from the facilitated hydrogen migration pathway by PrO 1.83 nanoparticles and the presence of an active site within the carbon matrix. However, the thermodynamics remain unchanged by the introduction of PrO 1.83 @C catalysts, which is attributed to no change in the reaction path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are pivotal in advancing the practical implementation of all‐solid‐state batteries. Poly(1,3‐dioxane) (PDOL)‐based electrolytes have attracted significant attention due to the pseudo‐high conductivity achieved through sophisticated in situ polymerization methods; however, such PDOL‐based electrolytes present challenges of crystallization over time and monomers residual during processing. In this study, integrating LiTFSI and LiDFOB as a universal copolymerization strategy for developing high‐performance PDOL electrolytes with a wide range of epoxy crosslinkers is proposed. It is discovered that this approach leverages the protective effects of TFSI anions on the boron active center and catalyzes polymer chain growth via crosslinking. The homogenously crosslinked (benzene‐centered) PDOL electrolyte exhibits remarkable thermo‐mechanical stability (up to 100 °C), high ion migration number (tLi+ = 0.42), a wide electrochemical window (≈5.0 V vs Li+/Li), and high ionic conductivity (4.5×10−4 S cm−1). Notably, the crosslinked PDOL electrolyte is in the all‐solid‐state with minimal monomer/oligomer residual, exhibiting no crystallization during relaxation, delivering a robust performance in all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries.

The research progress of metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials in photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) cycloaddition reaction in recent years was reviewed ・ The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction of CO2 under photocatalysis was analyzed, and four modification strategies of MOFs were introduced, including structural defects of MOFs, MOFs with active catalytic metal s让es, heterojunctions with semiconductor materials, and co-catalyst functionalization of MOFs. Based on the current research status of CO2 cycloaddition reaction, the prospects and challenges of MOFs and its composites in the field of photocatalysis are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports an innovative study that aims to address key issues in the efficient recycling of wastepaper cellulose. The research team utilized the temperature-responsive upper critical solution temperature (UCST) polymer P(NAGA-b-DMA) in combination with the LytA label's affinity for choline analogs. This innovative approach enabled them to successfully develop a novel soluble immobilized enzyme, P(NAGA-b-DMA)-cellulase. This new enzyme has proven highly effective, significantly enhancing the degradation of wastepaper cellulose while demonstrating exceptional stability. Compared with the traditional insoluble immobilized cellulase, the enzyme showed a significant improvement in the pH, temperature stability, recycling ability, and storage stability. A kinetic parameter calculation showed that the enzymatic effectiveness of the soluble immobilized enzyme was much better than that of the traditional insoluble immobilized cellulase. After the immobilization reaction, the Michaelis constant of the immobilized enzyme was only increased by 11.5%. In the actual wastepaper degradation experiment, the immobilized enzyme was effectively used, and it was found that the degradation efficiency of wastepaper cellulose reached 80% of that observed in laboratory conditions. This novel, thermosensitive soluble immobilized cellulase can efficiently catalyze the conversion of wastepaper cellulose into glucose under suitable conditions, so as to further ferment into environmentally friendly biofuel ethanol, which provides a solution to solve the shortage of raw materials and environmental protection problems in the paper products industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research progress of organic amine chemical absorbents is reviewed. The performance evaluation indexes of absorbents, CO2 capture mechanism of different absorbents, existing problems and development trends are reviewed. With the goal of 1.5 °C temperature rise and the vision of carbon neutralization, the research, development and application of carbon capture, utilization and storage technology have attracted more and more attention. Among many carbon capture technologies, the chemical absorption method with organic amine as the absorbent is the most studied and mature carbon capture technology. A number of demonstration projects have been built in the power, cement, chemical and other industries, which is most likely to achieve large-scale carbon emission reduction in the power and industrial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation and continued development of antibiotics have revolutionized human health and disease for the past century. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a major threat to human health, and practices that contribute to the development of this threat need to be addressed. Since the 1950s, antibiotics have been used in low doses to increase growth and decrease the feed requirement of animal-derived food sources. A consequence of this practice is the accelerated emergence of antimicrobial resistance that can influence human health through its distribution via animal food products. In the laboratory setting, sublethal doses of antibiotics promote the expansion of bacterial persister populations, a low energy, low metabolism phenotype characterized broadly by antibiotic tolerance. Furthermore, the induction of persister bacteria has been positively correlated with an increased emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This body of evidence suggests that the use of antibiotics in agriculture at subtherapeutic levels is actively catalyzing the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through the expansion of bacterial persister populations, which is potentially leading to increased infections in humans and decreased antibiotic potency. There is an urgent need to address this debilitating effect on antibiotics and its influence on human health. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the topic of emerging antimicrobial resistance and its association with bacterial persister populations.

Amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. Peripheral clearance of Aβ42 largely affects its level in the brain and affects AD progression. Although nattokinase (NK) degrades Aβ40, the details of NK’s capture of various Aβ species and reduction of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 are uncharacterized. In this study, the Aβ42/Aβ40-degrading ability of NK was investigated using five Aβs and AD model mice. The C-terminal region of Aβ42/Aβ40 (Gly29 to Val40) was primarily required for NK capture, and the integrated conformation in Aβ42/Aβ40 aggregates was a more efficient target for NK catalysis. Further, suspended Aβ42/Aβ40 oligomers were more easily captured by NK than suspended Aβ42/Aβ40 fibrils, while deposited Aβ42/Aβ40 fibrils recruited more NK than deposited Aβ42/Aβ40 oligomers. Although most NK was likely lost during NK uptake and/or entry into the blood, a small fraction of NK showed good plasma Aβ42/Aβ40-degrading efficacy after entering the blood due to NK’s stability in the plasma of AD mice for at least 9 days. It was concluded that oral administration of NK is a feasible approach for peripheral Aβ42/Aβ40 clearance. This implies that NK might serve as an anti-Aβ42 agent for the treatment of Aβ42/Aβ40-related diseases such as AD.

The creation and continued development of antibiotics have revolutionized human health and disease for the past century. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a major threat to human health, and practices that contribute to the development of this threat need to be addressed. Since the 1950s, antibiotics have been used in low doses to increase growth and decrease the feed requirement of animal-derived food sources. A consequence of this practice is the accelerated emergence of antimicrobial resistance that can influence human health through its distribution via animal food products. In the laboratory setting, sublethal doses of antibiotics promote the expansion of bacterial persister populations, a low energy, low metabolism phenotype characterized broadly by antibiotic tolerance. Furthermore, the induction of persister bacteria has been positively correlated with an increased emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This body of evidence suggests that the use of antibiotics in agriculture at subtherapeutic levels is actively catalyzing the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through the expansion of bacterial persister populations, which is potentially leading to increased infections in humans and decreased antibiotic potency. There is an urgent need to address this debilitating effect on antibiotics and its influence on human health. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the topic of emerging antimicrobial resistance and its association with bacterial persister populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfide minerals hold significant importance in both fundamental science and industrial advancement. However, certain natural sulfide minerals, such as NaFe3S5·2H2O (NFS), pose great challenges for exploitation and synthesis due to their high susceptibility to oxidation. To date, no successful precedent exists for synthesizing NFS. Here, a novel approach to synthesizing low‐cost and pollution‐free NFS with high stability using the high‐pressure hydrothermal method based solely on knowledge of its chemical formula is presented. Moreover, an innovative strategy inspired by the cicada's molting process to develop unstable natural materials is proposed. The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties of the NFS are thoroughly investigated. The storage of lithium, sodium, and potassium ions is primarily concentrated in the gap between (0 0 1) crystal planes. Additionally, as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at 10 mA cm−2, micron‐sized NFS exhibits an excellent overpotential of 6.5 mV at 90 °C, surpassing those of reported HER catalysts of similar size. This research bridges the gap in the sulfide mineral family, overcomes limitations of the high‐pressure hydrothermal method, and paves the way for future synthesis of natural minerals, lunar minerals, and Martian minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Sulfide minerals hold significant importance in both fundamental science and industrial advancement. However, certain natural sulfide minerals, such as NaFe3S5·2H2O (NFS), pose great challenges for exploitation and synthesis due to their high susceptibility to oxidation. To date, no successful precedent exists for synthesizing NFS. Here, a novel approach to synthesizing low‐cost and pollution‐free NFS with high stability using the high‐pressure hydrothermal method based solely on knowledge of its chemical formula is presented. Moreover, an innovative strategy inspired by the cicada's molting process to develop unstable natural materials is proposed. The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties of the NFS are thoroughly investigated. The storage of lithium, sodium, and potassium ions is primarily concentrated in the gap between (0 0 1) crystal planes. Additionally, as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at 10 mA cm−2, micron‐sized NFS exhibits an excellent overpotential of 6.5 mV at 90 °C, surpassing those of reported HER catalysts of similar size. This research bridges the gap in the sulfide mineral family, overcomes limitations of the high‐pressure hydrothermal method, and paves the way for future synthesis of natural minerals, lunar minerals, and Martian minerals.

This paper reports an innovative study that aims to address key issues in the efficient recycling of wastepaper cellulose. The research team utilized the temperature-responsive upper critical solution temperature (UCST) polymer P(NAGA-b-DMA) in combination with the LytA label’s affinity for choline analogs. This innovative approach enabled them to successfully develop a novel soluble immobilized enzyme, P(NAGA-b-DMA)-cellulase. This new enzyme has proven highly effective, significantly enhancing the degradation of wastepaper cellulose while demonstrating exceptional stability. Compared with the traditional insoluble immobilized cellulase, the enzyme showed a significant improvement in the pH, temperature stability, recycling ability, and storage stability. A kinetic parameter calculation showed that the enzymatic effectiveness of the soluble immobilized enzyme was much better than that of the traditional insoluble immobilized cellulase. After the immobilization reaction, the Michaelis constant of the immobilized enzyme was only increased by 11.5%. In the actual wastepaper degradation experiment, the immobilized enzyme was effectively used, and it was found that the degradation efficiency of wastepaper cellulose reached 80% of that observed in laboratory conditions. This novel, thermosensitive soluble immobilized cellulase can efficiently catalyze the conversion of wastepaper cellulose into glucose under suitable conditions, so as to further ferment into environmentally friendly biofuel ethanol, which provides a solution to solve the shortage of raw materials and environmental protection problems in the paper products industry.

Transition metal carbonitrides (MXenes) are promising catalysts due to their special structures. Recently, many studies have shown that MXenes have a catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). However, the catalytic effects have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, it is important to illustrate the catalytic mechanisms of pure MXene in AP thermal decomposition. Herein, the catalytic properties of Ti2CTx for ammonium perchlorate (AP) thermal decomposition were investigated by numerous catalytic experiments. The results showed that the high-temperature decomposition (HTD) decreased by 83 °C, and the decomposition heat of AP mixed with Ti2CTx increased by 1897.3 J/g. Moreover, the mass spectrum (MS) data showed that the NH3, H2O, O2, N2O, NO, HCl, and NO2 were formed. In addition, according to the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) results, the Ti2CTx nanosheets can adsorb the gaseous products and react with them in-situ, generating anatase-TiO2 and carbon layers. The Ti2CTx, as-resulted anatase-TiO2, and carbon can synergize and further catalyze the thermal decomposition of AP when both electron and proton transfers are accelerated during AP decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass is an abundant renewable resource that can be upgraded via torrefaction. Molten salts catalyze the torrefaction reaction, creating enhanced products for fuel and soil amendment purposes at lower temperatures than inert gas torrefaction. The objective of this study is to elucidate the main effects of molten salt torrefaction process conditions on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and cave in rock switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in a binary salt blend of lithium nitrate and potassium nitrate using a Plackett-Burman screening analysis. The investigated process conditions include sweep gas, temperature, salt to biomass ratio (S-B ratio), residence time, and lithium content. The metrics used to evaluate torrefaction severity include mass yields, chemical composition (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, extractives), higher heating value (HHV), carbon and nitrogen content, pH, and water sorption. The results show that switchgrass is more severely torrefied through molten salt torrefaction than pine at the same process conditions. For example, switchgrass mass yields are on average 23.3 % lower than pine mass yields across the test conditions. For both feedstocks, the most impactful process conditions are temperature, time, and lithium content in that order with some exceptions. For instance, the effect of temperature, time and lithium content on HHV are, respectively, 3.4×, 2.3×, and 1.7× larger than the next largest process condition for pine, whereas for switchgrass, these values are 3.6×, 2.7×, and 1×. Particle size, sweep gas, and S-B ratio have minor effects depending on the metric, but are overall not significant compared to temperature. The data suggests that an inert gaseous environment need not be maintained to facilitate molten salt torrefaction. Additionally, molten salt torrefaction can produce torrefied biomass with slightly different characteristics than inert gas torrefaction. • The relative importance of process conditions on torrefaction severity are ranked. • Salt catalyzes the reaction, improves feedstock for fuel and soil amendment end-use. • Switchgrass is more amenable to molten salt torrefaction than pine. • Most significant process conditions: temperature > residence time > lithium content. • Particle size, sweep gas, salt-to-biomass ratio have minor to no impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we employed Cu-catalyzed polymer-derived ceramic methods at lower temperatures to synthesize SiHfBCN ceramics. The SiHfBCN-Cu single-source precursors were characterized using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrometry and thermal gravimetric analysis, while X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman Spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, and a four-point probe setup were utilized to investigate composition, microstructural evolution, and electrical conductivity. Our analysis revealed that the electrical conductivity of SiHfBCN-Cu ceramics, annealed at 1500 °C, reached an impressive 2409.6 S·m-¹. This improvement was attributed to the influence of pyrolysis temperature and Cu content, resulting in the formation of in-situ abundant graphite-like carbon, Cu nano crystallites and Hf1-xCuxC@C and SiC@C nanoparticles with core-shell structures constructed a three-dimensional conductive network. Importantly, Cu-catalyzed SiHfBCN ceramics at lower temperatures produced an abundance of graphite-like carbon ribbons, effectively enhancing their electrical conductivity. These findings highlight the potential of Cu-catalyzed SiHfBCN ceramics as high-temperature sensors for in-situ measurements in extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BiVO 4 /Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 ternary heterojunction as a double Z-scheme sonocatalyst was effectively synthesized by the solvothermal and thermal decomposition method. The sonocatalysts' structure, morphology, chemical makeup, and physicochemical characteristics were assessed by using XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, DRS, and BET. Tetracycline (TET) was utilized for the modeled chemical contaminant to investigate the sonocatalytic capabilities of the sonocatalysts. The findings showed that BiVO 4 /Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 had remarkable sonocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate reached 93.80±0.33 % within 30 min. By further studying the electron separation and migration behavior, a feasible sonocatalytic mechanism of BiVO 4 /Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 is proposed. This research will pave the practicable way for the new double Z-scheme sonocatalytic system. [Display omitted] • BiVO 4 /Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 was a good sonocatalyst with 93.80±0.33 % of tetracycline removal rate in 30 min. • The construction mechanism of double Z-scheme heterojunction in BiVO 4 /Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 was proposed. • The mechanism and pathway of sonocatalytic degradation of TC by BiVO 4 /Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 was proposed. • BiVO 4 /Cu 2 O/g-C 3 N 4 composite showed good stability and reusability in four reuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The oxidizing and reducing groups are firstly separated in space by photoelectric coordination method. • P-doped CuO was used as electrocatalyst for directional and controllable generation of OOH free radicals. • A new mechanism to break C–C bond by the combination of C β and OOH was proposed. Due to the mutual quenching of oxidizing groups and reducing groups, the yield of photocatalytic lignin cracking is not satisfactory. In this work, the oxidizing and reducing groups were separated in space by the method of photoelectric collaborative for the first time. The conversion rate of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol (pp-ol) could be increased by 129.00 % and 31.47 % and the yield of benzoic acid and benzaldehyde increased by up to 19.56 % and 119.95 % in the photoelectric collaborative system compared with individual electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. P-doped N–CuO was used as electrocatalyst for directional and controllable generation of OOH free radicals, while g-C 3 N 4 was used as photocatalyst to produce C β free radicals. For the mechanism, a new path of OOH and C β combining to fracture pp-ol was opened up. This work provides a new method to cracking lignin and used for aromatics production from renewable biomass feedstocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of Li-S batteries, which hold great potential as energy storage devices, is impeded by various challenges, such as capacity degradation caused volume change, polysulfide shuttling, poor electrode kinetics, and safety concerns. Binder plays a crucial role in suppressing volume change of cathode side, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. In this research, a novel network binder (SA-Co-PEDOT) composed of sodium alginate is presented, Co 2+ ions as cross-linking agent and PEDOT as an electronic conductor. The theoretical analysis and experimental testing confirm that the SA-Co-PEDOT binder with synergistic combination of catalytic center and electron transfer network effectively mitigates large volumetric changes during cycling while simultaneously enhancing electrode kinetics through controlling the deposition morphology of sulfur end product and its nucleation and dissolution. As a result, it achieves a capacity of 844 mAh g -1 after 150 cycles at 0.2 C. Moreover, the electrode with SA-Co-PEDOT binder subjected a bending test maintains a capacity of 395 mAh g -1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C, exhibiting an impressively low decay rate of only 0.11%. Even with an ultra-low content of 2 wt.% SA-Co-PEDOT binder, the electrode still maintains a capacity of 999.7 mAh g -1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 C., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

In the I APX i and I CAT i gene families, the characteristics of gene structure (exon/intron) were relatively conserved within the phylogenetic group members of cultivated and wild soybean, with few exceptions; these findings are similar to those reported for other gene families in soybean, such as WRKY [[41], [64]], F-box [[65]] and vascular plant one-zinc finger [[66]]. ARE, Myb and STRE were more present in I G. max APXs i as compared to I G. soja i APX, whereas MYC was more present in I G. soja. i Similarly, ARE and MYC were more present in CATs of I G. max i , whereas MYB and STRE were more present in I G. soja CATs i . Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis For comparative analysis, I CAT i and I APX i genes from 11 legumes were compared with I G. max i and I G. soja CAT i and I APX i genes. Keywords: G. max; G. soja; ascorbate peroxidase; catalyze; legumes EN G. max G. soja ascorbate peroxidase catalyze legumes N.PAG N.PAG 26 08/29/22 20220801 NES 220801 1. Comparison of Copy Number of G. max APX and CAT Genes with G. soja We conducted a dual-synteny, plot-based, in-depth comparative analysis of I APX and CAT i among the cultivated and wild soybeans genomes to determine the evolutionary mechanism. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Biomass Chemical Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of Biomass Chemical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] • The advanced S cathode achieved by B-MXene employed as adsorbent and catalyzer. • B atoms provide empty perpendicular-orientation orbitals for LiPSs. • B-MXene can promote the conversion interaction with sulfur of LiPSs. • Synergistic adsorbent and catalysis enable the realization of excellent performance. Due to the accumulation of soluble polysulfides during the process reaction process, the shuttle effect emerges and significantly impacts the electrochemical performance. The development of novel efficient catalysts and adsorbents is a very popular way to fabricate the sulfur host materials. MXene as one of the most novel and popular materials have been wildly used in electrochemical energy storage. While the limited catalytic activity and adsorption capacity hindering its application in lithium sulfur batteries. Here, we introduced boron atoms as dopants in a creative modification of MXene (B-MXene). The introduced B atoms can effectively mitigate the "shuttle effect" through chemical adsorption, owing to their electron-deficient nature. Furthermore, the introduction of boron atoms and vacancy can modify the electronic structure, enhancing the catalytic activity of MXene by providing empty perpendicular-orientation orbitals. As a result, B-MXene exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, maintaining at 943 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1.0C, after 500cycles, with a corresponding decay rate as low as 0.046 %. This work proposes an efficient strategy to fabricate highly efficient electrocatalysts for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries (Li-S batteries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is often a hindrance to effective cancer therapy and results in treatment failure. Here, a nanoparticle cascade catalyst has been developed. This platform, Ber/CoFe 2 O 4 @PSiO 2 -KCN, is based on CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles which are then coated with silica, functionalized with potassium doped carbon nitride (KCN) and loaded with the drug berberine (Ber). Ber/CoFe 2 O 4 @PSiO 2 -KCN in combination with ultrasound is found to have the ability to generate gluconic acid and H 2 O 2 from glucose and convert H 2 O 2 to ·OH to provide effective chemodynamic therapy. Ber promotes the accumulation of lactic acid in tumor cells, acidifying the TME and facilitating the catalytic reactions of KCN and CoFe 2 O 4. The oxidative stress generated by the presence of large amounts of ·OH in the tumor triggers cell apoptosis, the production of damage-associated molecular pathways, and thus induces immunogenic cell death. The potent anti-tumor effects and imaging function of Ber/CoFe 2 O 4 @PSiO 2 -KCN could be applied as a future anti-cancer therapy. [Display omitted] • Multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) are developed to enhance cancer therapy. • The NPs can catalyze the conversion of glucose to gluconic acid for starvation therapy. • The NPs further catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species. • In vitro and in vivo results evidence synergistic death of cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric peroxides, especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are essential oxidants. The peroxide concentration is closely related to the extent of OH radicals and the O3 cycle in the tropospheric atmospheric chemistry. However, only a few studies have investigated their atmospheric concentrations in China because of inadequacies in the measurement techniques or higher costs of analytical instruments. Therefore, it is essential to design a suitable analysis method of peroxides with higher sensitivity, lower detection limit, and low cost. In view of that, this study investigated the optimum analysis conditions of two H2O2 analytical techniques: the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection using two-enzyme catalysis of horseradishperoxidase (HRP method) and Hemin (Hemin method). Furthermore, these two analysis methods were systematically compared in terms of detection limit, calibration curve, precision, accuracy, and applicability for the first time. The findings showed that the HRP method had a lower detection limit, higher sensitivity, and better applicability for detecting H2O2 and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) than the Hemin method. Moreover, the HRP method is better suitable for H2O2 and MHP detection, which requires low detection limits and high sensitivity. Besides this, the Hemin method is inexpensive and is more suitable for detecting hydroxyl alkyl peroxides (C ≥ 3). The atmospheric concentrations (average) of H2O2 and MHP were 0.60 ± 0.37 ppb and 0.081 ± 0.039 ppb, respectively, as determined by the HRP method. Importantly, atmospheric peroxide concentrations were higher on sunny days than on cloudy days in Beijing in September 2016. H2O2 concentrations showed a diurnal variation with the lowest value in the morning and two peaks at 13:00–17:00. In contrast, MHP concentrations were lowest in the morning and highest after 17:00. Photochemical reactions were responsible for the production of H2O2 and MHP. The reactions of O3 and olefins emitted by motor vehicles also caused H2O2 concentration to increase during the evening rush hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the underground catalytic gasification process of lean coal, the solid catalyst cannot be used and recovered, so it is necessary to develop an inexpensive liquid catalyst.In order to explore the feasibility of seawater as a cheap gasification agent for underground coal gasification, and to understand the catalytic effect of NaCl component on coal pyrolysis and gasification, this paper selects the block size with 3%NaCl solution (simulated seawater) as catalyst.The lean coal of Wangxie Coal Mine of about 6cm was subjected to pyrolysis test.The heating rate inside and outside of the coal block and the composition of the pyrolysis product tar were measured.The influence of the catalyst on the semi-coke structure was studied.The results show that the temperature transfer in the process of pyrolysis of massive lean coal has hysteresis.The activation energy of large-scale coal with addition of NaCl catalyst in the temperature range of 350℃~650℃ is reduced by 39%and 45%, respectively, compared with the raw coal;catalytic pyrolysis The benzene content in tar increased by 7.8%, the hydrocarbon content of coal sample Ⅰ decreased by 14.9%, coal sample Ⅱ decreased by 32.4%;the specific surface area of catalytic pyrolysis coal char was significantly larger than that of non-catalyzed pyrolysis;The content of-OH bond and=C=O health coal Ⅱ coke < coal Ⅰ coke < raw coal.It can be concluded that seawater has a certain catalytic effect on coal pyrolysis and gasification.

Nanozymes are particles with diameters in the range of 1–100 nm, which has been widely studied due to their biological enzyme-like properties and stability that natural enzymes do not have. In this study, several reducing agents with different structures (catechol (Cc), hydroquinone (Hq), resorcinol (Rs), vitamin C (Vc), pyrogallic acid (Ga), sodium citrate (Sc), sodium malate (Sm), and sodium tartrate (St)) were used to prepare colloidal gold with a negative charge and similar particle size by controlling the temperature and pH. The affinity analysis of the substrate H2O2 and TMB showed that the order of activities of colloidal gold Nanozymes prepared by different reducing agents was Cc, Hq, Rs, Vc, Ga, Sc, Sm, St. It was also found that the enzyme activity of colloidal gold reduced by benzene rings is higher than that of the colloidal gold enzyme reduced by linear chains. Finally, we discussed the activity of the colloidal gold peroxidase based on the number and position of isomers and functional groups; and demonstrated that the nanozymes activity is affected by the surface activity of colloidal gold, the elimination of hydroxyl radicals and the TMB binding efficiency.

Transition metal carbonitrides (MXenes) are promising catalysts due to their special structures. Recently, many studies have shown that MXenes have a catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). However, the catalytic effects have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, it is important to illustrate the catalytic mechanisms of pure MXene in AP thermal decomposition. Herein, the catalytic properties of Ti2CTx for ammonium perchlorate (AP) thermal decomposition were investigated by numerous catalytic experiments. The results showed that the high-temperature decomposition (HTD) decreased by 83 °C, and the decomposition heat of AP mixed with Ti2CTx increased by 1897.3 J/g. Moreover, the mass spectrum (MS) data showed that the NH3, H2O, O2, N2O, NO, HCl, and NO2 were formed. In addition, according to the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) results, the Ti2CTx nanosheets can adsorb the gaseous products and react with them in-situ, generating anatase-TiO2 and carbon layers. The Ti2CTx, as-resulted anatase-TiO2, and carbon can synergize and further catalyze the thermal decomposition of AP when both electron and proton transfers are accelerated during AP decomposition.

The Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation was adopted to elucidate the alumina vacuum carbothermal reduction and nitridation (VCRN) reaction mechanism, and an experimental method was adopted to verify the AIMD results. According to the results, the VCRN reaction occurs only when N 2 is adsorbed on both the C and Al atoms. C plays two important roles during the reaction of alumina VCRN: one is to act as a charge exchange carrier for N and Al atoms to catalyze N 2 molecule decomposition, and the other is to react with O atoms and reduce Al 2 O 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of hybrid architectures for sulfur host materials has been certificated as an efficient way to enhance the performances of lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries owing to the generated synergetic effects from each component. However, it remains challenging to construct hybrid nanostructures with reasonable structure and rational composition to achieve high-performance of Li–S batteries. Here, a coordinated nanostructure constituted of the Mo 2 C nanoparticles embedded in the micro-flowered high content N-doped (11.73 at.%) carbon substrate (Mo 2 C@NC) is synthesized via using protonated g-C 3 N 4 as the template, which is used as the sulfur host for Li–S batteries. Owing to the physical entrapment from the porous carbon substrate with special micro-flower morphology, and the synergistic chemisorption from pyridine N sites and polar Mo 2 C nanoparticles, the as-prepared Mo 2 C@NC can afford a high content of sulfur loading and enables fast/reliable sulfur electrochemistry. Given these, the Mo 2 C@NC based cathode with a high sulfur content of 76% delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1403.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Even at a high rate of 2.0 C, it still shows desirable electrochemical performances with an initial capacity of 910.6 mAh g−1 and superb cycling stability with an average capacity decay rate of only 0.001% per cycle over 500 cycles. Moreover, upon a high sulfur loading of 5.5 mg cm −2, the Mo 2 C@NC/S cathode can still maintain decent sulfur related electrochemistry and achieves a high areal capacity of 5.56 mAh cm−2 with excellent stability. It is expected this work provides a new perspective to the rational design of conductive and polar material that suitable for high-efficiency and long-lasting Li–S batteries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants coevolved with their antioxidant defense systems, which detoxify and adjust levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under multiple plant stresses. We performed whole-genome identification of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) families in cultivated and wild soybeans. In cultivated and wild soybean genomes, we identified 11 and 10 APX genes, respectively, whereas the numbers of identified CAT genes were four in each species. Comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed more homology among cultivated and wild soybeans relative to other legumes. Exon/intron structure, motif and synteny blocks are conserved in cultivated and wild species. According to the Ka/Ks value, purifying selection is a major force for evolution of these gene families in wild soybean; however, the APX gene family was evolved by both positive and purifying selection in cultivated soybean. Segmental duplication was a major factor involved in the expansion of APX and CAT genes. Expression patterns revealed that APX and CAT genes are differentially expressed across fourteen different soybean tissues under water deficit (WD), heat stress (HS) and combined drought plus heat stress (WD + HS). Altogether, the current study provides broad insights into these gene families in soybeans. Our results indicate that APX and CAT gene families modulate multiple stress response in soybeans.

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mechanism of synthesis process of tributyl citrate using aluminum dihydrogen tripolyphosphate supported on modified activated carbon as a catalyst was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the kinetic equation was also studied. The results showed that the influence of internal diffusions was eliminated with the particle size smaller than 180 µm, but the influence of external diffusions was eliminated with the stirring speed higher than 450 r/min. The yield of 97% for tributyl citrate was achieved under the the following optimized condition: 1:4.2 of acid to alcohol, 8% of dosage of catalyst accounting for total reaction amount, 5 h of reaction time for water segregating and refluxing, and 150 °C of reaction temperature. The apparent reaction activation energy was Ea = 61.4 KJ/mol. The mechanism of this catalytic reaction was considered to be attributable to the fact that the steps of the esterification of citrate to produce both monobutyl citrate and dibutyl citrate were very fast, but the rate of the formation of tributyl citrate was slow. The control step of total reaction was the reaction between dibutyl citrate and n-butanol to produce tributyl citrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen generation by the reaction of micrometer-aluminum powder with water at room temperature is hard to proceed due to the inhibition of alumina layer. In this study, a novel strategy of metal salts mediated Al-water reaction was proposed for more efficient and practical hydrogen generation. The effects of metal salt composition and dosage, and water injection rate and volume on hydrogen generation were investigated. The hydrogen yield of 230.0 mL was achieved in the Al/Ni/Cu/H 2 O system within 600 s under the following conditions: 0.24 g aluminum with the molar ratio of Al, Ni and Cu at 10:1:1 and 2 mL water at the injection rate of 2 mL/min, which was equivalent to 70.4% of the theoretical hydrogen yield. Based on the morphology, element composition, crystal structure and electrochemical test results of the obtained composites after reaction, the mechanism of hydrogen production by metal salts mediated Al-water reaction was proposed. Image 1 • The Al/Ni 0·1 /Cu 0·1 /H 2 O system shows the best hydrogen generation performance. • Water injection mode affects hydrogen generation by affecting system temperature. • Micro galvanic cells are formed between Al and metal salts to enhance Al corrosion. • Heat released from chemical replacement reaction accelerate hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The template molecule of p-nitrophenol (PNP) was complexed with ferric chloride hexahydrate to form complex. Using methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linking agent, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) catalyst precursor was prepared by bulk polymerization. The template molecule was removed， and Fe3+ in the MIP catalyst precursor was reduced by boron sodium hydride solution to obtain nano-iron molecularly imprinted polymer (Fe-MIP) catalyst. FT-IR, SEM, UV-VIS, TEM and BET were used to characterize the performance and structure of Fe-MIP catalyst. Nano-iron non-molecularly imprinted catalyst (Fe-NIP) and non-molecularly imprinted polymer(NIP) were used as comparison tests. In the mixture solution of H2O2 and PNP, the catalytic degradation efficiencies of PNP and the analogues by Fe-MIP, Fe-NIP and NIP were investigated. The results show that the prepared Fe-MIP catalyst has relatively obvious degradation effect for PNP with H2O2 concentration of 0.90 mmol·L-1 at pH value of 3, and the degradation efficiency of PNP at 150 min can reach 74.56%, which is much higher than those of Fe-NIP with 41.74% and NIP with 20.60%. Under the same reaction conditions with Fe-MIP catalyst, the catalytic degradation efficiencies of 2-nitrophenol and 3-nitrophenol are respective 40.12% and 25.90%, which are much lower than that of PNP. Fe-MIP catalyst has matching cavities with PNP molecule and can efficiently catalyze specific substrate molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite particles of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were prepared by a sol-flux method. Characterization of TiO2/CNTs nanocomposite was performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that TiO2 nanocrystals (mixed anatase and rutile) are successfully deposited on the surface of CNTs, forming a granular coating with a thickness of about 2 nm. It is possible that the growth of TiO2 on the surface of CNTs is implemented by anchoring TiO2 through hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups. In the presence of TiO2/CNTs nanocomposite, the peak temperature of the high-temperature decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) decreased by 52.5 °C, better than other samples including the one of simply mixed TiO2 and CNTs. The catalytic influence is evident even with 1% catalyst concentration. The thermal kinetic constant for the catalytic decomposition of AP is computed using model free (isoconversional) Flynn–Wall–Ozawa approach. It shows that although the two exothermic decomposition peaks merged into one, the low-temperature decomposition stage still exists, and accounts for about thirty percent of the whole reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The stability of immobilized enzyme on packing is an important factor to limit the development of enzyme‐catalyzed reaction distillation. The modified sol loaded with Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was fixed on random packing (316 L stainless steel wire mesh) by spraying method to form an enzyme‐loaded coating, which was applied to catalyze the esterification of ethyl acetate and n‐butanol. The addition of 1‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ureido (UPS) enhanced the stability of the CALB, and the mechanism of its combination was explored from a microscopic perspective. And then, it was confirmed by scratch resistance test that adhesion of enzyme‐loaded coating in packing was improved 19%. The esterification reaction showed that the addition of UPS had little effect on the conversion rate while improving the stability of the coating. These results suggest that the effect of UPS treatment on the enzyme‐loaded coating performance significantly enhanced the long‐term effect of enzyme‐loaded packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass ash rich in alkali metals has been proven as a natural and disposable catalyst for the thermal conversion of carbon-containing materials. The application of biomass ash as a catalyst for coal gasification shows an economic and promising scenario. The effects of addition ratio of biomass ash, alkali metal compounds in biomass ash and mineral matter in the coal on anthracite char gasification were studied with a thermogravimetric analyzer under CO2 atmosphere. The chemical fractionation method was used to prepare three kinds of biomass ash with different alkali metals containing chemicals. The morphology and elemental composition of solid samples were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The achieved results revealed that the gasification conversion of anthracite char increased with the addition of biomass ash. However, it was also observed that 50% biomass ash addition resulted in the agglomeration of the co-gasification ash. The majority of the catalytic effect of alkalis in biomass ash was attributed to the H2O-soluble forms of alkali metal containing chemicals. Co-gasification of demineralized coal char and biomass ash showed that the catalytic activity of 2.5% biomass ash addition to demineralized coal char is similar to the 30% biomass ash addition to coal char. The mineral matter in the coal was observed to decrease the catalytic activity of the biomass ash. The catalytic mechanism of biomass ash on coal char gasification was elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SACs were firstly applied to Mg-S batteries. • Graphene loaded with single atom iron promote the reaction kinetics. • The prepared electrode exhibited high reversible capacity of 892.7 mAh/g at 0.3C. • The catalyst can be easily synthesized through pyrolysis at relatively low temperatures. Magnesium-sulfur battery (MSB) with the advantages of low cost, high theoretical energy density and high security is regarding as a promising energy storage system. However, it suffers from sluggish reaction kinetics, fast capacity fading and poor cycling stability due to the shortage of compatible electrolyte and high performance cathode. Herein, Fe single atom catalyst is introduced to improve the electrochemical performance of MSB for the first time. Fe atoms are uniformly dispersed on graphene support by a facile method to prepare Fe-N-G, which is applied as an effective sulfur host. Benefited from the remarkable catalytic performance of the single-atom Fe, the produced S@ Fe-N-G exhibits a high reversible discharge specific capacity of 962 mA h g−1 at 0.1C, outstanding cycling stability of maintaining 892.7 mA h g−1 at 0.3C after 200 cycles and excellent rate capability. It is expected that this work could promote the development of more high-efficient single-atom catalysts for high performance MSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterization of a novel 6,13-dihydro-6,13-ethanopentacene-15,16-diimine palladium(II) complex are described. The effect of the backbone framework of the α-diimine metal catalyst on the polymerization reaction of norbornene and 1-octene is investigated. Compared to the 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-diimine palladium(II) complex (C1), the 6,13-dihydro-6,13-ethanopentacene-15,16-diimine palladium(II) complex (C2) with a polycyclic aromatic system on the backbone exhibits relatively high activities and leads to high molecular weights as well as narrow molecular weight distributions depending on the variation in feed ratios for copolymerization of norbornene and 1-octene. Moreover, the copolymers obtained using the 6,13-dihydro-6,13-ethanopentacene-15,16-diimine palladium(II) complex (C2) with large steric hindrance show high thermal stability and high glass transition temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems encountered during the hydrolysis process of Mg/MgH2 to produce hydrogen are summarized, and the methods to improve the kinetics of hydrolysis are as follows: one is to increase the specific surface area of Mg/MgH2，and the other is to break the restriction of Mg(OH)2 protective coating produced during the hydrolysis. The current methods to improve the hydrolyzability are summarized, such as reducing the size of the powder, adding different catalysts (acids，salts，etc.) into the solution and compositing catalytic second phases (metal oxides, chlorides, metal hydrides，metals，graphite, etc.). The effects and mechanisms o£ various catalysts on the hydrolysis performance of Mg/MgH2 are highlighted. Furthermore, some suggestions and ideas are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three aluminum complexes based on a β-diketiminate ligand have been prepared and characterized. Complexes 1–3 showed moderate catalytic activity toward ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone in the absence of benzyl alcohol. The polymerization accelerated remarkably in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH). A series of aluminum complexes based on a β-diketiminate ligand HL (HL = N{-4-[(2,6-diisopropyl-phenylamino)pent-3-en-2-ylidene]-6-methyl}pyridin-2- amine) have been prepared and characterized spectroscopically and structurally. Reactions of the HL ligand with one equivalent of AlMe 3 , AlEt 3 and AlEt 2 Cl, respectively, in toluene, gave complexes [LAlMe 2 ] (1), [LAlEt 2 ] (2) and [LAlEtCl] (3) in high yields. Complexes 1 and 2 contain four-coordinated mononuclear aluminum center. The aluminum center of 3 is five-coordinated. Complexes 1 – 3 were used to catalyze the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Complexes 1 – 3 are very rare cases of aluminum alkyl compounds supported by β-diketiminate ligands, which show moderate activity toward the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) in the absence of benzyl alcohol. However, in the presence of benzyl alcohol, the polymerization rate is remarkably accelerated and the conversions are greatly improved. The monomer conversion and number average molecular weight of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) catalyzed by 1 – 3 shows a linear relationship. This result indicates that the polymerizations mediated by 1 – 3 exhibited controllable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A novel porous pSC 4 -AuNPs/Cu-MOFs was fabricated for sensitive electrochemical detection of FKN. • The three-dimensional multilayer pSC 4 -AuNPs modified electrode interface has the good biocompatibility and high electronic transmission. • FKN can be measured with a detection limit of 7.4 pg/mL. Abstract Fractalkine (FKN) has been claimed as a predictive biomarker of Barrett's Esophagus for the first time recently, whereas there are few methods for quantitative detection of FKN. In order to develop a sensitively electrochemical biosensor of FKN, pSC 4 -AuNPs self-assembled multilayer film on the gold electrode surface was utilized to immobilize anti-FKN as a biorecognition surface. A novel porous para -sulfonatocalix[4]arene-coated gold nanoparticles-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (pSC 4 -AuNPs/Cu-MOFs) was fabricated to recognize FKN by FKN aptamer and as signal tags for H 2 O 2 catalysis. pSC 4 -AuNPs multilayer displayed good biocompatibility and high electronic transmission. Combing with the good catalysis ability of Cu-MOFs, the quantitative FKN detection was achieved by the sensitive electrochemical immunosensor with the detection limit of 7.4 pg/mL. With this design, the signal amplification strategy of the pSC 4 -AuNPs/Cu-MOFs composite offers a potential application of clinical detection of FKN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Sulfated protonated amino acid are firstly as a catalyst for cellulose hydrolysis. • Almost 100% of the cellulose is converted. • Amino acid protic ionic liquids are easy to prepare without any organic solvents. • Amino acids are easy to obtain in large quantities at low cost. Abstract Natural amino acids were chosen as excellent precursors for the synthesis amino acid protic ionic liquids (AAPILs) and they can be easily converted to cations and properties of functionalities incorporate into ionic liquid. Herein, we reported the study to catalyze hydrolysis of cellulose in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride solvent by using different structure of AAPILs, which were synthesized via a one-step acid-base neutralization reaction. In addition, amino, hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups on the AAPILs serving as catalytic domain and binding domain can promote cellulose hydrolysis. Moreover, a remarkable total reducing sugar yield of 67.1% was achieved by lysine derived ionic liquid within 1.5 h at 130 °C while the cellulose conversion was nearly 100%, which was attributed to its more catalytic sites. On the whole, AAPILs are promising catalysts for the differential conversion of inedible cellulose owing to its low cost, sustainable renewable and potential biodegradable. Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]